51
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Yuan Y, Wu S, Ai H, Lee JY, Kang B. γ-Graphyne nanotubes as defect-free catalysts of the oxygen reduction reaction: a DFT investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8633-8638. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00644k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γGyNTs as excellent metal-free ORR catalysts without any defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Si Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Hongqi Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Baotao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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52
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Sakaushi K. Quantum proton tunneling in multi-electron/-proton transfer electrode processes. Faraday Discuss 2020; 221:428-448. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantum proton tunneling in multi-electron/-proton transfer electrode processes were investigated in order to understand their possible microscopic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakaushi
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- 305-0044 Tsukuba
- Japan
- Global Research Center for Environment and Energy Based on Nanomaterials Science
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53
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Yang N, Peng L, Li L, Li J, Wei Z. Theoretical research on the oxidation mechanism of doped carbon based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26102-26110. [PMID: 31748776 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04691g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the essential reasons of poor durability and rapid initial performance loss of heteroatom doped graphene catalysts during the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process, it is necessary to explore the detailed mechanism of carbon active site oxidation reaction (COR) at different electrode potentials, as it may greatly influence the ORR activity. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculation is used to investigate all possible COR mechanisms, including Direct-COR and Indirect-COR, on four typical doped-graphene, and understand the competing relation between COR and ORR from a thermodynamic point of view. Our systematic calculations found that the Direct-COR is affected directly by the structural stability of doped-graphene relative to pure graphite, and the Indirect-COR can be accelerated largely by the ORR process due to the ORR intermediate, such as O and OOH. The competition relation between COR and ORR is mainly influenced by the interaction between the doped-graphene and reaction species, stability of doped-structure, ORR mechanism, and electrode potential. For COR, the partial oxidation of doped-graphene is the dominant oxidation reaction compared to complete oxidation in the ORR potential range. More importantly, both partial and complete oxidation of doped-graphene can remarkably depress the ORR activity. Hence, COR should be one of the major contributors to the rapid initial performance loss of carbon based catalysts in stability testing. Our results provide a comprehensive and deep understanding of the oxidation of carbon active sites on doped-graphene surfaces and can guide the design of more robust doped-carbon based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shazhengjie 174, Chongqing 400044, China.
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54
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Yilmaz G, Peh SB, Zhao D, Ho GW. Atomic- and Molecular-Level Design of Functional Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Derivatives for Energy and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901129. [PMID: 31728281 PMCID: PMC6839644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuing population growth and accelerated fossil-fuel consumption with recent technological advancements have engendered energy and environmental concerns, urging researchers to develop advanced functional materials to overcome the associated problems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as frontier materials due to their unique porous organic-inorganic hybrid periodic assembly and exceptional diversity in structural properties and chemical functionalities. In particular, the modular nature and modularity-dependent activity of MOFs and MOF derivatives have accentuated the delicate atomic- and molecular design and synthesis of MOFs, and their meticulous conversion into carbons and transition-metal-based materials. Synthetic control over framework architecture, content, and reactivity has led to unprecedented merits relevant to various energy and environmental applications. Herein, an overview of the atomic- and molecular-design strategies of MOFs to realize application-targeted properties is provided. Recent progress on the development of MOFs and MOF derivatives based on these strategies, along with their performance, is summarized with a special emphasis on design-structure and functionality-activity relationships. Next, the respective energy- and environmental-related applications of catalysis and energy storage, as well as gas storage-separation and water harvesting with close association to the energy-water-environment nexus are highlighted. Last, perspectives on current challenges and recommendations for further development of MOF-based materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yilmaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
| | - Shing Bo Peh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering4 Engineering Drive 4Singapore117585Singapore
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117583Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and EngineeringA*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)3 Research LinkSingapore117602Singapore
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55
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Kong D, Gao Y, Xiao Z, Xu X, Li X, Zhi L. Rational Design of Carbon-Rich Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804973. [PMID: 30365195 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-rich materials have drawn tremendous attention toward a wide spectrum of energy applications due to their superior electronic mobility, good mechanical strength, ultrahigh surface area, and more importantly, abundant diversity in structure and components. Herein, rationally designed and bottom-up constructed carbon-rich materials for energy storage and conversion are discussed. The fundamental design principles are itemized for the targeted preparation of carbon-rich materials and the latest remarkable advances are summarized in terms of emerging dimensions including sp2 carbon fragment manipulation, pore structure modulation, topological defect engineering, heteroatom incorporation, and edge chemical regulation. In this respect, the corresponding structure-property relationships of the resultant carbon-rich materials are comprehensively discussed. Finally, critical perspectives on future challenges of carbon-rich materials are presented. The progress highlighted here will provide meaningful guidance on the precise design and targeted synthesis of carbon-rich materials, which are of critical importance for the achievement of performance characteristics highly desirable for urgent energy deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhichang Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Zhi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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56
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Behan JA, Mates-Torres E, Stamatin SN, Domínguez C, Iannaci A, Fleischer K, Hoque MK, Perova TS, García-Melchor M, Colavita PE. Untangling Cooperative Effects of Pyridinic and Graphitic Nitrogen Sites at Metal-Free N-Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902081. [PMID: 31210002 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free carbon electrodes with well-defined composition and smooth topography are prepared via sputter deposition followed by thermal treatment with inert and reactive gases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy show that three carbons of similar N/C content that differ in N-site composition are thus prepared: an electrode consisting of almost exclusively graphitic-N (NG ), an electrode with predominantly pyridinic-N (NP ), and one with ≈1:1 NG :NP composition. These materials are used as model systems to investigate the activity of N-doped carbons in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using voltammetry. Results show that selectivity toward 4e-reduction of O2 is strongly influenced by the NG /NP site composition, with the material possessing nearly uniform NG /NP composition being the only one yielding a 4e-reduction. Computational studies on model graphene clusters are carried out to elucidate the effect of N-site homogeneity on the reaction pathway. Calculations show that for pure NG -doping or NP -doping of model graphene clusters, adsorption of hydroperoxide and hydroperoxyl radical intermediates, respectively, is weak, thus favoring desorption prior to complete 4e-reduction to hydroxide. Clusters with mixed NG /NP sites display synergistic effects, suggesting that co-presence of these sites improves activity and selectivity by achieving high theoretical reduction potentials while facilitating retention of intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Behan
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eric Mates-Torres
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Serban N Stamatin
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Faculty of Physics, 3Nano-SAE Research Centre, University of Bucharest, 405 Atomistilor Str., Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania
| | - Carlota Domínguez
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Iannaci
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karsten Fleischer
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Md Khairul Hoque
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tatiana S Perova
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Max García-Melchor
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paula E Colavita
- School of Chemistry, CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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57
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Gerber IC, Serp P. A Theory/Experience Description of Support Effects in Carbon-Supported Catalysts. Chem Rev 2019; 120:1250-1349. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iann C. Gerber
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 135 avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Serp
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPR 8241 CNRS, INPT, 31400 Toulouse, France
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58
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Guo X, Lin S, Gu J, Zhang S, Chen Z, Huang S. Simultaneously Achieving High Activity and Selectivity toward Two-Electron O2 Electroreduction: The Power of Single-Atom Catalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shiru Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Jinxing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Shiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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59
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Wang X, Hou C, Zheng X, Zeng Z. Stability of pyridine-like and pyridinium-like nitrogen in graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:265403. [PMID: 30893647 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab11a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification of N configurations in N-doped graphene is important to improve its functionalities. In most experiments, graphite-like, pyridine-like, and pyrrole-like N was usually chosen to assign the spectral features of N-doped graphene. Based on the first-principles simulations, we find that since one of nitrogen's electrons occupies the LUMO state, stability of pyridinium-like N (pyridine-like N with hydrogen termination) in multi-benzenes systems increases with the HOMO-LUMO gap decreasing. Therefore, unlike benzene with a large HOMO-LUMO gap, pyridinium-like N is a stable configuration in graphene with zero band gap, and the pyridinium-like N should be considered during the assignments of N configurations even under the environments with higher temperatures and lower hydrogen partial pressure than ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China. Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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60
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Späth F, Soni HR, Steinhauer J, Düll F, Bauer U, Bachmann P, Hieringer W, Görling A, Steinrück HP, Papp C. Oxygen Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Ni(111). Chemistry 2019; 25:8884-8893. [PMID: 30968974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on Ni(111) with molecular oxygen from a supersonic molecular beam led to a covalently bonded molecular oxygen species, which was identified as being between a superoxide and a peroxide. This is a rare example of an activated adsorption process leading to a molecular adsorbate. The amount of oxygen functionalization depended on the kinetic energy of the molecular beam. For a kinetic energy of 0.7 eV, an oxygen coverage of 0.4 ML was found. Near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy revealed a stronger bond of h-BN to the Ni(111) substrate in the presence of the covalently bound oxygen species. Oxygen adsorption also led to a shift of the valence bands to lower binding energies. Subsequent temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the oxygen boron bonds are stable up to approximately 580 K, when desorption, and simultaneously, etching of h-BN set in. The experimental results were substantiated by density functional theory calculations, which provided insight to the adsorption geometry, the adsorption energy and the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Späth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Himadri R Soni
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Current address: School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Rajpur, 382740, Kadi, Mehesana, India
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Phillip Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hieringer
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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61
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Moon S, Hijikata Y, Irle S. Structural transformations of graphene exposed to nitrogen plasma: quantum chemical molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12112-12120. [PMID: 30888388 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) has been intensively studied for tailoring the electronic property of the graphene, because different nitrogen configurations influence the electronic properties of N-graphene in different ways. However, atomically precise control of the nitrogen configurations during the doping process remains a challenge in the synthesis of N-graphene. Moreover, additional structural transformations of the graphene carbon network structure as a side-effect of plasma doping are little understood and are as of yet uncontrollable. Therefore, we theoretically investigated the nitrogen doping process of graphene for a range of nitrogen atom incident kinetic energies in nonequilibrium quantum chemical molecular dynamics (QM/MD) simulations. We observed and characterized prominent configurations of N-containing graphene. In analogy to similar, earlier studies of graphene plasma hydrogenation, we observed an Eley-Rideal associative desorption mechanism during the graphene plasma nitrogenation, producing molecular nitrogen. Especially for graphitic-N (Gr-N) and Stone-Wales-defect-N (SW-N) configurations, which are frequently observed in experimental studies, we discovered two typical chemical reaction mechanisms which were well categorized by two key processes: adsorption of primary nitrogen dopant and collision with a secondary nitrogen dopant. We discussed effects of the incident nitrogen energy on the formation mechanism, and propose a method to generate of Gr-N and SW-N configurations selectively by tuning the conditions with respect to the two key formation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjin Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry & Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Stephan Irle
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Chemistry & Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan. and Computational Sciences & Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6493, USA.
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62
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Alali KT, Liu J, Liu Q, Li R, Aljebawi K, Wang J. Grown Carbon Nanotubes on Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as a 3D Carbon Nanomaterial for High Energy Storage Performance. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Tawfik Alali
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
- Department of Materials Engineering ScienceFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Aleppo Aleppo City12212 Syria
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
| | - Rumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
| | - Kassem Aljebawi
- Department of Materials Engineering ScienceFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Aleppo Aleppo City12212 Syria
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface TechnologyCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China
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63
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Zhang Q, Jiang H, Niu D, Zhang X, Sun S, Hu S. Synthesize and Characterization of 2‐Aminothiazole Monomer and Polymer‐based Bifunctional Fe/N/C Catalysts for Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Dongfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shigang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University 422 Siming South Rd. Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shuozhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 China
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64
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Xue XX, Tang LM, Chen K, Zhang L, Wang EG, Feng Y. Bifunctional mechanism of N, P co-doped graphene for catalyzing oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:104701. [PMID: 30876366 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable for fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Till now, it is still challenging to achieve both efficient activities on a single commercial noble-metal catalyst. Recently, N, P co-doped graphene has shown good bifunctional evidence. However, the atomic-scale understanding of the bifunctional mechanism is still lacking. Here, we show that the N and P atoms prefer to bond with each other, forming embedded N-P clusters in graphene. The catalytic performances of the N-P clusters are sensitive to their geometries, especially the N:P ratios. The N:P ratio of ∼2 is optimal for OER, while ∼3 is optimal for ORR. Through evaluating the ORR/OER potential gaps, we found that the N-P cluster designated as NC 2PC 1 shows both the high performances of ORR and OER, responsible for the unique bifunctionality in the N, P co-doped graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Xiong Xue
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Tang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqiu Chen
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Feng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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65
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Eckardt M, Sakaushi K, Lyalin A, Wassner M, Hüsing N, Taketsugu T, Behm R. The role of nitrogen-doping and the effect of the pH on the oxygen reduction reaction on highly active nitrided carbon sphere catalysts. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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66
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Yang L, Shui J, Du L, Shao Y, Liu J, Dai L, Hu Z. Carbon-Based Metal-Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804799. [PMID: 30637835 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Replacing precious platinum with earth-abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells has been the objective worldwide for several decades. In the last 10 years, the fastest-growing branch in this area has been carbon-based metal-free ORR electrocatalysts. Great progress has been made in promoting the performance and understanding the underlying fundamentals. Here, a comprehensive review of this field is presented by emphasizing the emerging issues including the predictive design and controllable construction of porous structures and doping configurations, mechanistic understanding from the model catalysts, integrated experimental and theoretical studies, and performance evaluation in full cells. Centering on these topics, the most up-to-date results are presented, along with remarks and perspectives for the future development of carbon-based metal-free ORR electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Lab for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianglan Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Du
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Liming Dai
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Lab for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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67
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Ortiz-Medina J, Wang Z, Cruz-Silva R, Morelos-Gomez A, Wang F, Yao X, Terrones M, Endo M. Defect Engineering and Surface Functionalization of Nanocarbons for Metal-Free Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805717. [PMID: 30687977 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of carbon nanotechnology, which initiated significant research efforts more than two decades ago, novel materials for energy harvesting and storage have emerged at an amazing pace. Nevertheless, some fundamental applications are still dominated by traditional materials, and it is especially evident in the case of catalysis, and environmental-related electrochemical reactions, where precious metals such as Pt and Ir are widely used. Several strategies are being explored for achieving competitive and feasible metal-free carbon nanomaterials, among which doping and defect engineering approaches within nanocarbons are recurrent and promising. Here, the most recent efforts regarding the control of doping and defects in carbon nanostructures for catalysis, and in particular for energy-related applications, are addressed. Finally, an overview of alternative proposals that can make a difference when enabling carbon nanomaterials as efficient and emerging catalysts is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Ortiz-Medina
- Universidad Panamericana, Facultad de Ingeniería, Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer 101, Aguascalientes, Ags, 20290, México
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rodolfo Cruz-Silva
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Aaron Morelos-Gomez
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiangdong Yao
- School of Natural Sciences, and Australia-China Joint Laboratory for Energy and Environmental Materials, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano City, 380-8553, Japan
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68
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Matsuyama H, Akaishi A, Nakamura J. Effect of Water on the Manifestation of the Reaction Selectivity of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Nanoclusters toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3832-3838. [PMID: 31459594 PMCID: PMC6648925 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the selectivity of N-doped graphene nanoclusters (N-GNCs) toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using first-principles calculations within the density functional theory. The results show that the maximum electrode potentials (U Max) for the four-electron (4e-) pathway are higher than those for the two-electron (2e-) pathway at almost all of the reaction sites. Thus, the N-GNCs exhibit high selectivity for the 4e- pathway, that is, the 4e- reduction proceeds preferentially over the 2e- reduction. Such high selectivity results in high durability of the catalyst because H2O2, which corrodes the electrocatalyst, is not generated. For the doping sites near the edge of the cluster, the value of U Max greatly depends on the reaction sites. However, for the doping sites around the center of the cluster, the reaction-site dependence is hardly observed. The GNC with a nitrogen atom around the center of the cluster exhibits higher ORR catalytic capability compared with the GNC with a nitrogen atom in the vicinity of the edge. The results also reveal that the water molecule generated by the ORR enhances the selectivity toward the 4e- pathway because the reaction intermediates are significantly stabilized by water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyuki Matsuyama
- Department
of Engineering Science, The University of
Electro-Communications (UEC-Tokyo), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- CREST,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akira Akaishi
- Department
of Engineering Science, The University of
Electro-Communications (UEC-Tokyo), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- CREST,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department
of Engineering Science, The University of
Electro-Communications (UEC-Tokyo), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- CREST,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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71
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Liu H, Zhao L, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhu H, Guo W. Enhancing hydrogen evolution activity by doping and tuning the curvature of manganese-embedded carbon nanotubes. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Doping heteroatoms (Mn and N) and tuning the curvature of carbon nanotubes could efficiently elevate the C p-band center, lower the absolute electrode potential, and thus enhance the HER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lianming Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Houyu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute of Advanced Materials, China
- China University of Petroleum
- Qingdao
- People's Republic of China
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72
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Mahmood A, Tabassum H, Zhao R, Guo W, Aftab W, Liang Z, Sun Z, Zou R. Fe 2 N/S/N Codecorated Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Trifunctional Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803500. [PMID: 30345628 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Construction of multifunctional highly active earth-abundant electrocatalysts on a large scale is a great challenge due to poor control over nanostructural features and limited active sites. Here, a simple methodology to tailor metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to extract highly active multifunctional electrocatalysts on a large scale for oxygen reduction (ORR), oxygen evolution (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is presented. The N, S codoped Fe2 N decorated highly porous and defect-rich carbon nanosheets are grown using MOF xerogels, melamine, and polyvinylpyrollidone. The resulting catalyst exhibits excellent activity for ORR with an onset (0.92 V) and half-wave (0.81 V) potential similar to state-of-the-art Pt/C catalysts. The catalyst also shows outstanding OER and HER activities with a small overpotential of 360 mV in 1 m KOH and -123 mV in 0.5 m H2 SO4 at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 , respectively. Excellent catalytic properties are further supported by theoretical calculations where relevant models are built and various possible activation sites are identified by first-principles calculations. The results suggest that the carbon atoms adjacent to heteroatoms as well as Fe2 -N sites present the active sites for improved catalytic response, which is in agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Mahmood
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hassina Tabassum
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruo Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Waseem Aftab
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zibin Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhili Sun
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery, Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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73
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Lv L, Yang S, Feng W, Ke W, Zhang B, Jiang Z, Wang H, Su J, Li X, Chen J. Room‐Temperature Activation of Molecular Oxygen Over a Metal‐Free Triazine‐Decorated sp
2
‐Carbon Framework for Green Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Bing Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Ze Yang
- Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831–6201 USA
| | - Wei‐Jie Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Yu Ke
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Juan Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jie‐Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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74
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Chen J, Chen Y, Li P, Wen Z, Chen S. Energetic Span as a Rate-Determining Term for Electrocatalytic Volcanos. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yongting Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Sakaushi K, Eckardt M, Lyalin A, Taketsugu T, Behm RJ, Uosaki K. Microscopic Electrode Processes in the Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction on Highly Active Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Eckardt
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - R. Jürgen Behm
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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77
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Wang N, Lu B, Li L, Niu W, Tang Z, Kang X, Chen S. Graphitic Nitrogen Is Responsible for Oxygen Electroreduction on Nitrogen-Doped Carbons in Alkaline Electrolytes: Insights from Activity Attenuation Studies and Theoretical Calculations. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingzhang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Ligui Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhan Niu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiongwu Kang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Surface Chemistry of Energy Materials, New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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78
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Zhang L, Jia Y, Yan X, Yao X. Activity Origins in Nanocarbons for the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800235. [PMID: 29726095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable hydrogen production is an essential prerequisite for realizing the future hydrogen economy. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as the cornerstone of exploring the mechanism of water electrolysis, has attracted extensive interest in the past decades. Carbon-based materials with significant merits such as abundance, low cost, high conductivity, and tunable molecular structures, are considered as promising candidates for replacing the commercial noble metal electrocatalysts. To date, activity origins of these carbon-based electrocatalysts are mainly attributed to the dopants (e.g., N, B, P or S), whereas the contribution of intrinsic/induced carbon defects has recently been a hot research topic. In this Review, besides the development of heteroatoms doping strategies, the latest studies on defective carbon-based materials for HER electrocatalysis are summarized, especially for various approaches to prepare defective carbons and the detailed introduction regarding the defect catalysis mechanism. Finally, an outlook into the development of future defective carbon-based HER electrocatalysts is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhou Zhang
- School of Environment and Science, Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Environment and Science, Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Xuecheng Yan
- School of Environment and Science, Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Xiangdong Yao
- School of Environment and Science, Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, QLD, 4111, Australia
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79
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Yang N, Li L, Li J, Ding W, Wei Z. Modulating the oxygen reduction activity of heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts via the triple effect: charge, spin density and ligand effect. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5795-5804. [PMID: 30079190 PMCID: PMC6050597 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01801d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For metal-doped-G and dual-heteroatom-doped-G, the triple effect can activate double carbon sites, and lead to the ORR following the dissociative mechanism, which breaks through the activity limitation of the association mechanism, and further enhances the catalytic activity for the ORR.
To enhance the intrinsic activity of and increase the number of active sites in heteroatom-doped graphene (doped-G), it is necessary to recognize the origin of its catalytic activity, and to search for a universal definition and description of the different active sites. Herein, we report an evaluation of a series of heteroatom-doped graphene materials as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with the aid of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results of the DFT calculations indicate that the intrinsic catalytic activity and the ORR mechanism depend on the triple effect, that is, the charge, the spin density and the coordinate state (ligand effect) of the carbon sites. The contribution of the above effects towards increasing the binding energies of *OOH or *OH has the following order: negative charge effect < positive charge effect < low spin effect < ligand effect < high spin effect. For nonmetallic single-heteroatom-doped-G, the triple effect separately activates the carbon sites around the doped atom. On each single carbon active site, only the end-on adsorption of *OOH is preferred, leading to the ORR following the associative mechanism, which has an intrinsic limitation in its overpotential of 0.44 V. However, for metal-doped-G and dual-heteroatom-doped-G, the triple effect can activate double carbon sites, and lead to the ORR following the dissociative mechanism, which breaks through the activity limitation of the associative mechanism, and further enhances the catalytic activity for the ORR. With comprehensive theoretical calculation, we conclude that it is possible for the heteroatom-doped-G, if well-modulated via the triple effect, to exceed Pt-based materials in catalysis of the ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Shazhengjie 174 , Chongqing 400044 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 2365678945
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Shazhengjie 174 , Chongqing 400044 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 2365678945
| | - Jing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Shazhengjie 174 , Chongqing 400044 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 2365678945
| | - Wei Ding
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Shazhengjie 174 , Chongqing 400044 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 2365678945
| | - Zidong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology , Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , Shazhengjie 174 , Chongqing 400044 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 2365678945
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80
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Liu D, Tao L, Yan D, Zou Y, Wang S. Recent Advances on Non-precious Metal Porous Carbon-based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Universitym; Changsha 410082 China
| | - Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Universitym; Changsha 410082 China
| | - Dafeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Universitym; Changsha 410082 China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Universitym; Changsha 410082 China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Universitym; Changsha 410082 China
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81
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Zhang T, Hou Y, Dzhagan V, Liao Z, Chai G, Löffler M, Olianas D, Milani A, Xu S, Tommasini M, Zahn DRT, Zheng Z, Zschech E, Jordan R, Feng X. Copper-surface-mediated synthesis of acetylenic carbon-rich nanofibers for active metal-free photocathodes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1140. [PMID: 29555937 PMCID: PMC5859183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineering of acetylenic carbon-rich nanostructures has great potential in many applications, such as nanoelectronics, chemical sensors, energy storage, and conversion, etc. Here we show the synthesis of acetylenic carbon-rich nanofibers via copper-surface-mediated Glaser polycondensation of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene on a variety of conducting (e.g., copper, graphite, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and titanium) and non-conducting (e.g., Kapton, glass, and silicon dioxide) substrates. The obtained nanofibers (with optical bandgap of 2.51 eV) exhibit photocatalytic activity in photoelectrochemical cells, yielding saturated cathodic photocurrent of ca. 10 µA cm-2 (0.3-0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). By incorporating thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units into the nanofibers, a redshift (ca. 100 nm) of light absorption edge and twofold of the photocurrent are achieved, rivalling those of state-of-the-art metal-free photocathodes (e.g., graphitic carbon nitride of 0.1-1 µA cm-2). This work highlights the promise of utilizing acetylenic carbon-rich materials as efficient and sustainable photocathodes for water reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yang Hou
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Biological Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichnhainer Strasse 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guoliang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Davide Olianas
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Milani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichnhainer Strasse 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ehrenfried Zschech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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82
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Hu C, Xiao Y, Zou Y, Dai L. Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-018-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong stability in acidic/alkaline conditions, and environmental friendliness. Because of these properties, these catalysts have recently received increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Subsequently, various carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed to replace noble metal catalysts for low-cost renewable generation and storage of clean energy and environmental protection through metal-free electrocatalysis. This article provides an up-to-date review of this rapidly developing field by critically assessing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding, structure design, and material/device fabrication of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion/storage and environmental protection, along with discussions on current challenges and perspectives.
Graphical Abstract
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83
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Wang Y, Li J, Wei Z. Recent Progress of Carbon-Based Materials in Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysis. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Shapingba 174 Chongqing China
| | - Jing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Shapingba 174 Chongqing China
| | - Zidong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Shapingba 174 Chongqing China
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84
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Hou X, Zhang P, Li S, Liu W. Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped olympicene/graphene hybrids for the oxygen reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:22799-804. [PMID: 27499058 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03451a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developing inexpensive and non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is among the major goals in fuel cells. Herein, by using density-functional theory calculations, we show that N-doped olympicene/graphene hybrids exhibit unexpectedly high ORR catalytic activity-even comparable to that of the Pt(111) surface. Both graphitic-type and pyridine-type N-doped olympicene/graphene hybrids are highly active for the ORR and have good CO tolerance. The formation of the second H2O molecule is the rate-determining step for the ORR with the graphitic-type hybrid, whereas on the pyridine-type hybrid, it is the formation of OOH. Note that N-doped olympicene/graphene hybrid materials combine the high reactivity of olympicene and the high electrical conductivity of graphene, which allows them to be potentially used as low-cost and non-precious-metal ORR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Hou
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Nano Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano Structural Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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85
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Shinde SS, Lee CH, Yu JY, Kim DH, Lee SU, Lee JH. Hierarchically Designed 3D Holey C 2N Aerogels as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrodes for Flexible and Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries. ACS NANO 2018; 12:596-608. [PMID: 29262251 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b07473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The future of electrochemical energy storage spotlights on the designed formation of highly efficient and robust bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts that facilitate advanced rechargeable metal-air batteries. We introduce a scalable facile strategy for the construction of a hierarchical three-dimensional sulfur-modulated holey C2N aerogels (S-C2NA) as bifunctional catalysts for Zn-air and Li-O2 batteries. The S-C2NA exhibited ultrahigh surface area (∼1943 m2 g-1) and superb electrocatalytic activities with lowest reversible oxygen electrode index ∼0.65 V, outperforms the highly active bifunctional and commercial (Pt/C and RuO2) catalysts. Density functional theory and experimental results reveal that the favorable electronic structure and atomic coordination of holey C-N skeleton enable the reversible oxygen reactions. The resulting Zn-air batteries with liquid electrolytes and the solid-state batteries with S-C2NA air cathodes exhibit superb energy densities (958 and 862 Wh kg-1), low charge-discharge polarizations, excellent reversibility, and ultralong cycling lives (750 and 460 h) than the commercial Pt/C+RuO2 catalysts, respectively. Notably, Li-O2 batteries with S-C2NA demonstrated an outstanding specific capacity of ∼648.7 mA h g-1 and reversible charge-discharge potentials over 200 cycles, illustrating great potential for commercial next-generation rechargeable power sources of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhaji S Shinde
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bionano Technology, and §Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University , Ansan, Kyunggido 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Ho Lee
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bionano Technology, and §Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University , Ansan, Kyunggido 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bionano Technology, and §Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University , Ansan, Kyunggido 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Kim
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bionano Technology, and §Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University , Ansan, Kyunggido 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Uck Lee
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bionano Technology, and §Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University , Ansan, Kyunggido 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Bionano Technology, and §Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University , Ansan, Kyunggido 15588, Republic of Korea
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86
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Zou X, Wang L, Yakobson BI. Mechanisms of the oxygen reduction reaction on B- and/or N-doped carbon nanomaterials with curvature and edge effects. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1129-1134. [PMID: 29271465 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent increased research interest in hetero-atom (B and/or N) doping effects on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of carbon nanomaterials, microscopic understanding of active catalytic sites and effects of B and/or N doping has not been conclusively reached. Here, through comparative first-principles simulations between BN codoping and isolated B or N doping in both graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we not only identify active sites in these doped carbon nanomaterials, but elucidate the underlying mechanism of ORR processes. While the distortion of C-C bonds in CNTs leads to strong binding of O2, spin density distribution along the edges plays a key role in enhancing the adsorption strength of O2 on GNRs. The effective adsorption of O2 facilitates the following elementary reduction reactions. Based on thermodynamic analyses, O2 adsorption as well as the electron and proton transfer to O atom are identified as key rate-determining steps. For CNTs, a good linear scaling is found between the adsorption energies of key intermediate products and that of atomic O, and thus the latter serves as a good descriptor for ORR activities. Further, N-doped high-quality CNTs are shown to exhibit best performance. For GNRs, due to edge effects, the linear relationship is broken, which promotes the catalytic activities in the BN codoping case. These findings resolve the long-standing controversy on the synergetic effects of B and N codoping, which deepens our understanding of the reaction mechanism. This work might further facilitate the optimization of the doping strategies for high-efficiency carbon-based ORR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Department of Chemistry, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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87
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Zhou L, Zhang C, Cai X, Qian Y, Jiang H, Li B, Lai L, Shen Z, Huang W. N, P Co-doped Hierarchical Porous Graphene as a Metal-Free Bifunctional Air Cathode for Zn−Air Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 5 XinMofan Road Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 5 XinMofan Road Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xiaoyi Cai
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERIAN); Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 5 XinMofan Road Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 5 XinMofan Road Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 5 XinMofan Road Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Linfei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 5 XinMofan Road Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zexiang Shen
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERIAN); Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University; 5 XinMofan Road Nanjing 210009 China
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88
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Zhang P, Hu Q, Yang X, Hou X, Mi J, Liu L, Dong M. Size effect of oxygen reduction reaction on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorption strength of ORR intermediates, the reaction free energy of rate-determining step, and the overpotential increase with the increase of the size of N-doped graphene quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xiuli Hou
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jianli Mi
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus DK-8000
- Denmark
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89
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Yin C, Tang H, Li K, Yuan Y, Wu Z. Theoretical insight into the catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction on transition metal–N4 doped graphene. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01593g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ORR (OER) activities are expressed as the function of ΔGads(O) on the M–N4-C composites and the best component can be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- School of Automation Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 611731
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Automation Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 611731
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Basic Sciences
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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90
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Lin Y, Sun X, Su DS, Centi G, Perathoner S. Catalysis by hybrid sp2/sp3nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8438-8473. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid sp2/sp3nanocarbons, in particular sp3-hybridized ultra-dispersed nanodiamonds and derivative materials, such as the sp3/sp2-hybridized bucky nanodiamonds and sp2-hybridized onion-like carbons, represent a rather interesting class of catalysts still under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Lin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion
- Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Gabriele Centi
- University of Messina
- ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM
- Dept.s MIFT – Industrial Chemistry
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
| | - Siglinda Perathoner
- University of Messina
- Dept.s ChiBioFarAm – Industrial Chemistry
- 98166 Messina
- Italy
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91
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Song P, Barkholtz HM, Wang Y, Xu W, Liu D, Zhuang L. High-performance oxygen reduction catalysts in both alkaline and acidic fuel cells based on pre-treating carbon material and iron precursor. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1602-1608. [PMID: 36659478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new and simple method for pre-treating the carbon material and iron precursor to prepare oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, which can produce super-high performance and stability in alkaline solution, with high performance in acid solution. This strategy using cheap materials is simply controllable. Moreover, it has achieved smaller uniform nanoparticles to exhibit high stability, and the synergetic effect of Fe and N offered much higher performance in ORR than commercial Pt/C, with high maximum power density in alkaline and acid fuel cell test. So it can make this kind of catalysts be the most promising alternatives of Pt-based catalysts with best performance/price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Heather M Barkholtz
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Dijia Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Lin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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92
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Chai GL, Boero M, Hou Z, Terakura K, Cheng W. Indirect Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Carbon Materials Catalysts in Acidic Solutions. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mauro Boero
- University of Strasbourg, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, F-67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhufeng Hou
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyoyuki Terakura
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Wendan Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
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93
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Lin Y, Wu KHT, Yu L, Heumann S, Su DS. Efficient and Highly Selective Solvent-Free Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes Using Bucky Nanodiamond. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3497-3505. [PMID: 28665485 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes is widely applicable to the synthesis of various green chemicals. The poor chemoselectivity for complicated primary aldehydes over state-of-the-art metal-free or metal-based catalysts represents a major obstacle for industrial application. Bucky nanodiamond is a potential green catalyst that exhibits excellent chemoselectivity and cycling stability for the selective oxidation of primary alcohols in diverse structures (22 examples, including aromatic, substituted aromatic, unsaturated, heterocyclic, and linear chain alcohols) to their corresponding aldehydes. The results are comparable to reported transition-metal catalysts including conventional Pt/C and Ru/C catalysts for certain substrates under solvent-free conditions. The possible activation process of the oxidant and substrates by the surface oxygen groups and defect species are revealed with model catalysts, ex situ electrochemical measurements, and ex situ attenuated total reflectance. The zigzag edges of sp2 carbon planes are shown to play a key role in these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Lin
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, P.R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Kuang-Hsu Tim Wu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Yu
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Saskia Heumann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max, Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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94
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Chai GL, Shevlin SA, Guo Z. Nitrogen-Mediated Graphene Oxide Enables Highly Efficient Proton Transfer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5213. [PMID: 28701728 PMCID: PMC5507853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) graphene and graphene oxide (GO) offer great potential as a new type of cost-efficient proton-exchange membranes (PEM) for electrochemical devices. However, fundamental issues of proton transfer mechanism via 2D membranes are unclear and the transfer barrier for perfect graphene are too high for practical application. Using ab initio molecular dynamic simulations, we screened the proton transfer barrier for different un-doped and nitrogen doped GO membranes, and clarified the corresponding transfer mechanisms. More significantly, we further identify that N-mediated GO can be built into a highly efficient PEM with a proton transfer rate of seven orders of magnitude higher than an un-doped case via. a proton relay mechanism between a ketone-like oxygen and a pyridine-like nitrogen across the vacancy site. The N-doped 2D GO is also impermeable to small molecules, and hence a highly efficient PEM for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Liang Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Shevlin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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95
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DFT Study of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity on Fe-N₄-Patched Carbon Nanotubes: The Influence of the Diameter and Length. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10050549. [PMID: 28772903 PMCID: PMC5458981 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The influences of diameter and length of the Fe−N4-patched carbon nanotubes (Fe−N4/CNTs) on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity were investigated by density functional theory method using the BLYP/DZP basis set. The results indicate that the stability of the Fe−N4 catalytic site in Fe−N4/CNTs will be enhanced with a larger tube diameter, but reduced with shorter tube length. A tube with too small a diameter makes a Fe−N4 site unstable in acid medium since Fe−N and C−N bonds must be significantly bent at smaller diameters due to hoop strain. The adsorption energy of the ORR intermediates, especially of the OH group, becomes weaker with the increase of the tube diameter. The OH adsorption energy of Fe−N4/CNT with the largest tube diameter is close to that on Pt(111) surface, indicating that its catalytic property is similar to Pt. Electronic structure analysis shows that the OH adsorption energy is mainly controlled by the energy levels of Fe 3d orbital. The calculation results uncover that Fe−N4/CNTs with larger tube diameters and shorter lengths will exhibit better ORR activity and stability.
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96
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Subramanian P, Mohan R, Schechter A. Unraveling the Oxygen-Reduction Sites in Graphitic-Carbon Co-N-C-Type Electrocatalysts Prepared by Single-Precursor Pyrolysis. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roopathy Mohan
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Alex Schechter
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
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97
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Tang C, Zhang Q. Nanocarbon for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: Dopants, Edges, and Defects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604103. [PMID: 28067956 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the cornerstone of various sustainable energy-conversion technologies. Metal-free nanocarbon electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and satisfactory cost, have been proposed as the most promising substitute for precious-metal catalysts. However, their further development is still primarily based on trial-and-error approaches due to the controversial knowledge of critical active sites and mechanisms. Herein, the activity origins of nanocarbon-based ORR electro-catalysts are comprehensively reviewed and correlated, considering the dopants, edges, and defects. Analogously, they can effectively modify the charge/spin distribution on the sp2 -conjugated carbon matrix, leading to optimized intermediate chemisorption and facilitated electron transfer. Specific doping at defective edges is expected to render practical applications for metal-free nanocarbon electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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98
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Ali S, Fu Liu T, Lian Z, Li B, Sheng Su D. The effect of defects on the catalytic activity of single Au atom supported carbon nanotubes and reaction mechanism for CO oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22344-22354. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03793g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of CO oxidation by O2 on a single Au atom supported on pristine, mono atom vacancy (m), di atom vacancy (di) and the Stone Wales defect (SW) on single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) surface is systematically investigated theoretically using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ali
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Tian Fu Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Zan Lian
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Bo Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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99
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Tuci G, Luconi L, Rossin A, Berretti E, Ba H, Innocenti M, Yakhvarov D, Caporali S, Pham-Huu C, Giambastiani G. Aziridine-Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Robust and Versatile Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Knoevenagel Condensation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30099-30106. [PMID: 27768269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the exohedral N-decoration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with NH-aziridine groups via [2 + 1] cycloaddition of a tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl nitrene followed by controlled thermal decomposition of the cyclization product. The chemical grafting with N-containing groups deeply modifies the properties of the starting MWCNTs, generating new surface microenvironments with specific base (Brønsted) and electronic properties. Both of these features translate into a highly versatile single-phase heterogeneous catalyst (MW@NAz) with remarkable chemical and electrochemical performance. Its surface base character promotes the Knoevenagel condensation with activity superior to that of related state of the art N-doped and N-decorated carbon nanomaterials; the N-induced electronic surface redistribution drives the generation of high-energy surface "C" sites suitable for O2 activation and its subsequent electrochemical reduction (ORR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM , Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Lapo Luconi
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM , Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM , Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Berretti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence , 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Housseinou Ba
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence , 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
| | - Dmitry Yakhvarov
- Kazan Federal University , Department of Chemistry, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Stefano Caporali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence , 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology-INSTM , 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Cuong Pham-Huu
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR and Consorzio INSTM , Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto F.no, Florence, Italy
- Kazan Federal University , Department of Chemistry, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
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100
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Bai X, Zhao E, Li K, Wang Y, Jiao M, He F, Sun X, Yang J, Wu Z. Theoretical Investigation on the Reaction Pathways of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Graphene Codoped with Manganese and Phosphorus as a Potential Nonprecious Metal Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Bai
- College of Science; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry Simulation; Inner Mongolia University of Technology; Hohhot 010051 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Erjun Zhao
- College of Science; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry Simulation; Inner Mongolia University of Technology; Hohhot 010051 P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Menggai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
| | - Jucai Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology; Hohhot 010051 P.R. China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering; Inner Mongolia University of Technology; Hohhot 010051 P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 P.R. China
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