51
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Yang K, Koepf M, Artero V. Revisiting amorphous molybdenum sulfide's activity for the electro-driven reduction of dinitrogen and N-containing substrates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13975-13978. [PMID: 33084630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a major feedstock of the chemical industry. The imperious need to decarbonize its production has stimulated a quest for efficient catalysts able to drive the direct electro-reduction of dinitrogen (N2) into NH3. A large number of materials have now been proposed for this reaction, including bioinspired molybdenum sulfide derivatives. Here, we revisit the potential of amorphous molybdenum sulfide to drive the electrocatalytic reduction of N2 and other substrates of nitrogenase. We find that this material exhibits negligible activity towards N2 but achieves efficient reduction of inorganic azides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Grenoble 38000, France.
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52
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Zheng J, Wu S, Lu L, Huang C, Ho PL, Kirkland A, Sudmeier T, Arrigo R, Gianolio D, Edman Tsang SC. Structural insight into [Fe-S 2-Mo] motif in electrochemical reduction of N 2 over Fe 1-supported molecular MoS 2. Chem Sci 2020; 12:688-695. [PMID: 34163801 PMCID: PMC8178972 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04575f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic synthesis of NH3 from the thermodynamically challenging N2 reduction reaction under mild conditions is currently a significant problem for scientists. Accordingly, herein, we report the development of a nitrogenase-inspired inorganic-based chalcogenide system for the efficient electrochemical conversion of N2 to NH3, which is comprised of the basic structure of [Fe-S2-Mo]. This material showed high activity of 8.7 mgNH3 mgFe -1 h-1 (24 μgNH3 cm-2 h-1) with an excellent faradaic efficiency of 27% for the conversion of N2 to NH3 in aqueous medium. It was demonstrated that the Fe1 single atom on [Fe-S2-Mo] under the optimal negative potential favors the reduction of N2 to NH3 over the competitive proton reduction to H2. Operando X-ray absorption and simulations combined with theoretical DFT calculations provided the first and important insights on the particular electron-mediating and catalytic roles of the [Fe-S2-Mo] motifs and Fe1, respectively, on this two-dimensional (2D) molecular layer slab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zheng
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simson Wu
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Lilin Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 PH UK
| | - Ping-Luen Ho
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Angus Kirkland
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 PH UK
| | - Tim Sudmeier
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond Light Source Harwell Campus, Chilton Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK.,School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK
| | - Diego Gianolio
- Diamond Light Source Harwell Campus, Chilton Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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53
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Kayahan E, Jacobs M, Braeken L, Thomassen LC, Kuhn S, van Gerven T, Leblebici ME. Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2484-2504. [PMID: 33093928 PMCID: PMC7554662 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical activation routes are gaining the attention of the scientific community since they can offer an alternative to the traditional chemical industry that mainly utilizes thermochemical activation of molecules. Photoreactions are fast and selective, which would potentially reduce the downstream costs significantly if the process is optimized properly. With the transition towards green chemistry, the traditional batch photoreactor operation is becoming abundant in this field. Process intensification efforts led to micro- and mesostructured flow photoreactors. In this work, we are reviewing structured photoreactors by elaborating on the bottleneck of this field: the development of an efficient scale-up strategy. In line with this, micro- and mesostructured bench-scale photoreactors were evaluated based on a new benchmark called photochemical space time yield (mol·day−1·kW−1), which takes into account the energy efficiency of the photoreactors. It was manifested that along with the selection of the photoreactor dimensions and an appropriate light source, optimization of the process conditions, such as the residence time and the concentration of the photoactive molecule is also crucial for an efficient photoreactor operation. In this paper, we are aiming to give a comprehensive understanding for scale-up strategies by benchmarking selected photoreactors and by discussing transport phenomena in several other photoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kayahan
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mathias Jacobs
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leen Braeken
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Cj Thomassen
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom van Gerven
- Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Enis Leblebici
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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54
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Wang X, Qiu S, Feng J, Tong Y, Zhou F, Li Q, Song L, Chen S, Wu KH, Su P, Ye S, Hou F, Dou SX, Liu HK, Max Lu GQ, Sun C, Liu J, Liang J. Confined Fe-Cu Clusters as Sub-Nanometer Reactors for Efficiently Regulating the Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004382. [PMID: 32876982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) over nonprecious-metal and single-atom catalysts has received increasing attention as a sustainable strategy to synthesize ammonia. However, the atomic-scale regulation of such active sites for NRR catalysis remains challenging because of the large distance between them, which significantly weakens their cooperation. Herein, the utilization of regular surface cavities with unique microenvironment on graphitic carbon nitride as "subnano reactors" to precisely confine multiple Fe and Cu atoms for NRR electrocatalysis is reported. The synergy of Fe and Cu atoms in such confined subnano space provides significantly enhanced NRR performance, with nearly doubles ammonia yield and 54%-increased Faradic efficiency up to 34%, comparing with the single-metal counterparts. First principle simulation reveals this synergistic effect originates from the unique Fe-Cu coordination, which effectively modifies the N2 absorption, improves electron transfer, and offers extra redox couples for NRR. This work thus provides new strategies of manipulating catalysts active centers at the sub-nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Applied Physics Department, College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Siyao Qiu
- Science & Technology Innovation Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Jianmin Feng
- Applied Physics Department, College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yueyu Tong
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Fengling Zhou
- Science & Technology Innovation Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Qinye Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, and Centre for Translational Atomaterials, FSET, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Shuangming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Kuang-Hsu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Panpan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Feng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Hua Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Gao Qing Max Lu
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Chenghua Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, and Centre for Translational Atomaterials, FSET, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ji Liang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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55
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Freeman MB, Edokobi OD, Gillen JH, Kocherga M, Dipple KM, Jones DS, Paley DW, Wang L, Bejger CM. Stepwise Assembly of an Electroactive Framework from a Co 6 S 8 Superatomic Metalloligand and Cuprous Iodide Building Units. Chemistry 2020; 26:12523-12527. [PMID: 32441378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that incorporate more than one metal cluster constituent is a challenging task. Conventional one-pot reaction protocols require judicious selection of ligand and metal ion precursors, yet remain unpredictable. Stable, preformed nanoclusters, with ligand shells that can undergo additional coordination-driven reactions, provide a platform for assembling multi-cluster solids with precision. Herein, a discrete Co6 S8 (PTA)6 (PTA=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) superatomic-metalloligand is assembled into a three-dimensional (3D) coordination polymer comprising Cu4 I4 secondary building units (SBUs). The resulting heterobimetallic framework (1) contains two distinct cluster constituents and bifunctional PTA linkers. Solid-state diffuse reflectance studies reveal that 1 is an optical semiconductor with a band-gap of 1.59 eV. Framework-modified electrodes exhibit reversible redox behavior in the solid state arising from the Co6 S8 superatoms, which remain intact during framework synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
| | - Ozioma D Edokobi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
| | - Jonathan H Gillen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
| | - Margaret Kocherga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
| | - Kathleen M Dipple
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry and Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymeric Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Christopher M Bejger
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28223, USA
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56
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Chakraborty D, Nandi S, Maity R, Motkuri RK, Han KS, Collins S, Humble P, Hayes JC, Woo TK, Vaidhyanathan R, Thallapally PK. An Ultra-Microporous Metal-Organic Framework with Exceptional Xe Capacity. Chemistry 2020; 26:12544-12548. [PMID: 32428326 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Molecular confinement plays a significant effect on trapped gas and solvent molecules. A fundamental understanding of gas adsorption within the porous confinement provides information necessary to design a material with improved selectivity. In this regard, metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents are ideal candidate materials to study confinement effects for weakly interacting gas molecules, such as noble gases. Among the noble gases, xenon (Xe) has practical applications in the medical, automotive and aerospace industries. In this Communication, we report an ultra-microporous nickel-isonicotinate MOF with exceptional Xe uptake and selectivity compared to all benchmark MOF and porous organic cage materials. The selectivity arises because of the near perfect fit of the atomic Xe inside the porous confinement. Notably, at low partial pressure, the Ni-MOF interacts very strongly with Xe compared to the closely related Krypton gas (Kr) and more polarizable CO2 . Further 129 Xe NMR suggests a broad isotropic chemical shift due to the reduced motion as a result of confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Shyamapada Nandi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Rahul Maity
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Radha Kishan Motkuri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, United States
| | - Kee Sung Han
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, United States
| | - Sean Collins
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, & Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Paul Humble
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, United States
| | - James C Hayes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354, United States
| | - Tom K Woo
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, & Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
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57
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Liu B, Qin J, Yang H, Hu X, Zhao W, Zhang Z. MoS
2
nano‐flowers stacked by ultrathin sheets coupling with oxygen self‐doped porous biochar for efficient photocatalytic N
2
fixation. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Liu
- Guizhou University College of Resource and Environmental Engineering 550025 Guiyang Guizhou P. R. China
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard 550025 Guiyang Guizhou P. R. China
| | - Jiangzhou Qin
- Guizhou University College of Resource and Environmental Engineering 550025 Guiyang Guizhou P. R. China
| | - Han Yang
- Guizhou University College of Resource and Environmental Engineering 550025 Guiyang Guizhou P. R. China
| | - Xia Hu
- Guizhou University College of Resource and Environmental Engineering 550025 Guiyang Guizhou P. R. China
- Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard 550025 Guiyang Guizhou P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Guizhou University College of Resource and Environmental Engineering 550025 Guiyang Guizhou P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Liaoning Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 116029 Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
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58
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Guo J, Tadesse Tsega T, Ul Islam I, Iqbal A, Zai J, Qian X. Fe doping promoted electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction of 2H MoS2. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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59
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Krishnan V. Perovskite Oxide Based Materials for Energy and Environment-Oriented Photocatalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Venkata Krishnan
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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60
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Li M, Lu Q, Liu M, Yin P, Wu C, Li H, Zhang Y, Yao S. Photoinduced Charge Separation via the Double-Electron Transfer Mechanism in Nitrogen Vacancies g-C 3N 5/BiOBr for the Photoelectrochemical Nitrogen Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38266-38274. [PMID: 32846481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the harsh reaction conditions, high energy consumption, and numerous carbon emissions of the traditional Haber-Bosch method, the fixation of nitrogen under environmentally friendly and milder conditions is of great importance. Recently, photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategies have attracted extensive attention, where the catalysts with the advantages of cost-effectiveness and improved efficiency are critical for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Herein, we synthesized nitrogen vacancies that contained g-C3N5 (NV-g-C3N5) and combined with BiOBr to construct the p-n heterostructure NV-g-C3N5/BiOBr, in which the double-electron transfer mechanism was constructed. In one side, the nitrogen vacancies store the electrons coming from the g-C3N5 and provide for the nitrogen activation when needed; in addition, NV-g-C3N5/BiOBr further separates photoinduced electrons and holes because of the matched "Z"-shaped energy band structure. The double-electron transfer mechanism effectively retards the recombination of charge carriers and ensures the support of high-quality electrons, which results in excellent PEC NRR performance without the addition of noble metals. Although yields and durability are insufficient, the described double-electron transfer mechanism manifests the potential of the non-noble metal material in the PEC NRR, providing a foundation for the design of a more affordable and efficient photocathode in nitrogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Qiujun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P.R. China
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61
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Qiu W, Luo YX, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Amorphous/Crystalline Hetero-Phase TiO 2 -Coated α-Fe 2 O 3 Core-Shell Nanospindles: A High-Performance Artificial Nitrogen Fixation Electrocatalyst. Chemistry 2020; 26:10226-10229. [PMID: 32227370 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrogen fixation techniques have emerged as a promisingly sustainable approach to face the challenge associated with nitrogen activation of ammonia synthesis by the Haber-Bosch process under ambient conditions. Herein, the performance of electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction for the production of α-Fe2 O3 nanospindles coated with mesoporous TiO2 with different crystallinity [denoted as α-Fe2 O3 @mTiO2 -X (X=300, 400, and 500 °C)] were investigated. The as-prepared α-Fe2 O3 @mTiO2 -400 composite exhibits a large NH3 yield (27.2 μg h-1 mgcat. -1 ) at -0. 5 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode and a high Faradaic efficiency (13.3 %) in 0.1 m Na2 SO4 , with excellent electrochemical durability. This work presents a novel avenue for the rational design of efficient unique hetero-phase nanocatalysts toward sustainable electrocatalytic N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu-Xi Luo
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 337055, Jiangxi, China
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62
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Edwards EH, Bren KL. Light-driven catalysis with engineered enzymes and biomimetic systems. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:463-483. [PMID: 32588914 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to drive catalytic reactions with light, inspired by natural processes like photosynthesis, have a long history and have seen significant recent growth. Successfully engineering systems using biomolecular and bioinspired catalysts to carry out light-driven chemical reactions capitalizes on advantages offered from the fields of biocatalysis and photocatalysis. In particular, driving reactions under mild conditions and in water, in which enzymes are operative, using sunlight as a renewable energy source yield environmentally friendly systems. Furthermore, using enzymes and bioinspired systems can take advantage of the high efficiency and specificity of biocatalysts. There are many challenges to overcome to fully capitalize on the potential of light-driven biocatalysis. In this mini-review, we discuss examples of enzymes and engineered biomolecular catalysts that are activated via electron transfer from a photosensitizer in a photocatalytic system. We place an emphasis on selected forefront chemical reactions of high interest, including CH oxidation, proton reduction, water oxidation, CO2 reduction, and N2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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63
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Ammonia as Effective Hydrogen Storage: A Review on Production, Storage and Utilization. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13123062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is considered to be a potential medium for hydrogen storage, facilitating CO2-free energy systems in the future. Its high volumetric hydrogen density, low storage pressure and stability for long-term storage are among the beneficial characteristics of ammonia for hydrogen storage. Furthermore, ammonia is also considered safe due to its high auto ignition temperature, low condensation pressure and lower gas density than air. Ammonia can be produced from many different types of primary energy sources, including renewables, fossil fuels and surplus energy (especially surplus electricity from the grid). In the utilization site, the energy from ammonia can be harvested directly as fuel or initially decomposed to hydrogen for many options of hydrogen utilization. This review describes several potential technologies, in current conditions and in the future, for ammonia production, storage and utilization. Ammonia production includes the currently adopted Haber–Bosch, electrochemical and thermochemical cycle processes. Furthermore, in this study, the utilization of ammonia is focused mainly on the possible direct utilization of ammonia due to its higher total energy efficiency, covering the internal combustion engine, combustion for gas turbines and the direct ammonia fuel cell. Ammonia decomposition is also described, in order to give a glance at its progress and problems. Finally, challenges and recommendations are also given toward the further development of the utilization of ammonia for hydrogen storage.
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64
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Elishav O, Mosevitzky Lis B, Miller EM, Arent DJ, Valera-Medina A, Grinberg Dana A, Shter GE, Grader GS. Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5352-5436. [PMID: 32501681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alternative fuels are essential to enable the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy supply. Synthetic fuels derived from renewable energies can act as energy storage media, thus mitigating the effects of fossil fuels on environment and health. Their economic viability, environmental impact, and compatibility with current infrastructure and technologies are fuel and power source specific. Nitrogen-based fuels pose one possible synthetic fuel pathway. In this review, we discuss the progress and current research on utilization of nitrogen-based fuels in power applications, covering the complete fuel cycle. We cover the production, distribution, and storage of nitrogen-based fuels. We assess much of the existing literature on the reactions involved in the ammonia to nitrogen atom pathway in nitrogen-based fuel combustion. Furthermore, we discuss nitrogen-based fuel applications ranging from combustion engines to gas turbines, as well as their exploitation by suggested end-uses. Thereby, we evaluate the potential opportunities and challenges of expanding the role of nitrogen-based molecules in the energy sector, outlining their use as energy carriers in relevant fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Elishav
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Bar Mosevitzky Lis
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Elisa M Miller
- Materials and Chemical Science and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Douglas J Arent
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Agustin Valera-Medina
- College of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alon Grinberg Dana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gennady E Shter
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Gideon S Grader
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.,The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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65
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Tanifuji K, Ohki Y. Metal–Sulfur Compounds in N2 Reduction and Nitrogenase-Related Chemistry. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5194-5251. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tanifuji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3900, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemsitry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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66
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Wen X, Guan J. Recent advancement in the electrocatalytic synthesis of ammonia. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8065-8094. [PMID: 32253416 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia can not only be used as an active nitrogen component of nitrogen fertilizers, fibers, explosives, etc., but also provides a high energy density and carbon free energy carrier. Currently, ammonia is industrially synthesized by the Haber Bosch process at high temperature and high pressure, which results in high energy loss and a serious greenhouse effect. The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a sustainable and environmentally friendly strategy for the synthesis of ammonia. Although lots of electrocatalysts have been developed for this reaction, further breakthroughs are needed in catalytic activity, selectivity and Faraday efficiency to meet the large-scale commercial demand. In this review, the recent advance in NRR electrocatalysis is thoroughly commented on. Different kinds of electrocatalysts used in ammonia synthesis (including single atom catalysts, metal oxide catalysts, nanocomposite catalysts, and metal free catalysts) are introduced. The reaction mechanism of the NRR is discussed in detail. The structure-function relationship and efficient strategies to improve the ammonia yield are clearly discussed. The effect of the electronic structure and morphology of catalysts on the selectivity of the NRR is highlighted. The research directions and perspectives on the further development of more efficient electrocatalysts for the NRR are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry of Jilin Province, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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67
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Shiraishi Y, Hashimoto M, Chishiro K, Moriyama K, Tanaka S, Hirai T. Photocatalytic Dinitrogen Fixation with Water on Bismuth Oxychloride in Chloride Solutions for Solar-to-Chemical Energy Conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7574-7583. [PMID: 32267152 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is an indispensable chemical. Photocatalytic NH3 production via dinitrogen fixation using water by sunlight illumination under ambient conditions is a promising strategy, although previously reported catalysts show insufficient activity. Herein, we showed that ultraviolet light irradiation of a semiconductor, bismuth oxychloride with surface oxygen vacancies (BiOCl-OVs), in water containing chloride anions (Cl-) under N2 flow efficiently produces NH3. The surface OVs behave as the N2 reduction sites by the photoformed conduction band electrons. The valence band holes are consumed by self-oxidation of interlayer Cl- on the catalyst. The hypochloric acid (HClO) formed absorbs ultraviolet light and undergoes photodecomposition into O2 and Cl-. These consecutive photoreactions produce NH3 with water as the electron donor. The Cl- in solution compensates for the removed interlayer Cl- and inhibits catalyst deactivation. Simulated sunlight illumination of the catalyst in seawater stably generates NH3 with 0.05% solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency, thus exhibiting significant potential of the seawater system for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shiraishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashimoto
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kiyomichi Chishiro
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenta Moriyama
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanaka
- Department of Chemical, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, Kansai University, Suita 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirai
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
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68
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Wang HB, Wang JQ, Zhang R, Cheng CQ, Qiu KW, Yang YJ, Mao J, Liu H, Du M, Dong CK, Du XW. Bionic Design of a Mo(IV)-Doped FeS2 Catalyst for Electroreduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Wang
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Cheng
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kang-Wen Qiu
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yi-jie Yang
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Miao Du
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Cun-Ku Dong
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xi-Wen Du
- Institute of New-Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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69
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70
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Li J, Liu P, Tang Y, Huang H, Cui H, Mei D, Zhong C. Single-Atom Pt–N3 Sites on the Stable Covalent Triazine Framework Nanosheets for Photocatalytic N2 Fixation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhe Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, P. R. China
| | - Donghai Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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71
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Wang S, Li B, Li L, Tian Z, Zhang Q, Chen L, Zeng XC. Highly efficient N 2 fixation catalysts: transition-metal carbides M 2C (MXenes). NANOSCALE 2020; 12:538-547. [PMID: 31850430 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09157b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly efficient metal or metal compound electrocatalysts under mild conditions has always been a challenging task for N2 reduction. Herein, we show that pristine two-dimensional (2D) MXenes are promising N2 electroreduction catalysts due in part to the availability of multiple active sites per unit area. We systematically explore a series of 3d, 4d and 5d-transition metal M2C (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta and Hf) MXenes and compute their limiting potentials for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR). We find that 4d4-Mo2C gives rise to the lowest free-energy barrier (ΔG) of 0.46 eV, among the synthesized M2C MXenes as of today. More importantly, we find that two hypothetical MXenes, 3d5-Mn2C and 3d6-Fe2C, possess even lower ΔG of 0.28 and 0.23 eV, respectively, compared to the state-of-the-art 4d4-Mo2C, thereby likely being more efficient NRR catalysts. The N2 capture strength, a key parameter of the potential-limiting step, is found to be closely related to the d-electron arrangement on the occupied and empty spin-split d-orbitals. Hence, the excellent NRR performance of Mn2C and Fe2C can be attributed to the desirable half-filled 3d5 or 3d6 electron arrangements. The adsorption of N2 on Mn2C results in the donation of 1σ electrons to the empty spin-down 3d orbitals of Mn. The donated electrons weaken the N2 adsorption strength and lower the energy barrier of the potential-limiting step of hydrogenation. The insights obtained from this comprehensive study offer guidance to design new and efficient electrocatalysts for N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China.
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72
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Fang X, Kalathil S, Reisner E. Semi-biological approaches to solar-to-chemical conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4926-4952. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00496c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the cross-disciplinary field of semi-artificial photosynthesis, which combines strengths of biocatalysis and artificial photosynthesis to develop new concepts and approaches for solar-to-chemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Shafeer Kalathil
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 1EW
- UK
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73
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Well-dispersed ultrasmall ruthenium on TiO2(P25) for effective photocatalytic N2 fixation in ambient condition. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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74
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Seino H, Hirata K, Arai Y, Jojo R, Okazaki M. An Iodido‐Bridged Dimer of Cubane‐Type RuIr
3
S
4
Cluster: Structural Rearrangement to New Octanuclear Core and Catalytic Reduction of Hydrazine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetake Seino
- Faculty of Education and Human Studies Akita University Tegata‐Gakuenmachi 1‐1 010‐8502 Akita Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirata
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo Komaba 4‐6–1 Meguro‐ku Tokyo 153‐8505 Japan
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Faculty of Education and Human Studies Akita University Tegata‐Gakuenmachi 1‐1 010‐8502 Akita Japan
| | - Risa Jojo
- Faculty of Education and Human Studies Akita University Tegata‐Gakuenmachi 1‐1 010‐8502 Akita Japan
| | - Masaaki Okazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Bunkyo‐cho 3 036‐8561 Hirosaki Japan
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75
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Mou H, Wang J, Yu D, Zhang D, Chen W, Wang Y, Wang D, Mu T. Fabricating Amorphous g-C 3N 4/ZrO 2 Photocatalysts by One-Step Pyrolysis for Solar-Driven Ambient Ammonia Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44360-44365. [PMID: 31692329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven nitrogen fixation remains a significant challenge. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is considered as a promising visible light photocatalyst. However, the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 is unsatisfactory because of the random transfer of charge carriers in the plane and the low activation efficiency of the reactants. Herein, amorphous ZrO2 was used as a robust cocatalyst of g-C3N4 to increase the NH3 production activity. The g-C3N4/ZrO2 lamellar composites were constructed by a simple one-step pyrolysis of the deep eutectic solvent ZrOCl2·8H2O/urea. The optimum NH4+ yield could reach as high as 1446 μmol·L-1·h-1 at 30 wt % ZrO2 in the g-C3N4/ZrO2 composites, with an apparent quantum efficiency over 2.14% at 400 nm. It is 7.9 times that of pristine g-C3N4 and 27.5 times that of ZrO2. The introduction of amorphous ZrO2 restrained the hydrogen generation, and the amorphous ZrO2 and g-C3N4 together contribute to the rapid photoproduced electron transfer of less electron-hole pair recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Mou
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , 59 Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100872 , PR China
| | - Jinfang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , 59 Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100872 , PR China
| | - Dongkun Yu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , 59 Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100872 , PR China
| | - Deliang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , PR China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , 59 Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100872 , PR China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , 59 Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100872 , PR China
| | - Debao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , PR China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry , Renmin University of China , 59 Zhongguancun Street , Beijing 100872 , PR China
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76
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Zhang J, Tian X, Liu M, Guo H, Zhou J, Fang Q, Liu Z, Wu Q, Lou J. Cobalt-Modulated Molybdenum–Dinitrogen Interaction in MoS2 for Catalyzing Ammonia Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19269-19275. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiaoyin Tian
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qiyi Fang
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Qin Wu
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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77
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Progress in Synthesizing Analogues of Nitrogenase Metalloclusters for Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen to Ammonia. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) has played an essential role in meeting the increasing demand for food and the worldwide need for nitrogen (N2) fertilizer since 1913. Unfortunately, the traditional Haber–Bosch process for producing NH3 from N2 is a high energy-consumption process with approximately 1.9 metric tons of fossil CO2 being released per metric ton of NH3 produced. As a very challenging target, any ideal NH3 production process reducing fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution would be welcomed. Catalytic NH3 synthesis is an attractive and promising alternative approach. Therefore, developing efficient catalysts for synthesizing NH3 from N2 under ambient conditions would create a significant opportunity to directly provide nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural fields as needed in a distributed manner. In this paper, the literature on alternative, available, and sustainable NH3 production processes in terms of the scientific aspects of the spatial structures of nitrogenase metalloclusters, the mechanism of reducing N2 to NH3 catalyzed by nitrogenase, the synthetic analogues of nitrogenase metalloclusters, and the opportunities for continued research are reviewed.
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78
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Wu D, Wang R, Yang C, An Y, Lu H, Wang H, Cao K, Gao Z, Zhang W, Xu F, Jiang K. Br doped porous bismuth oxychloride micro-sheets with rich oxygen vacancies and dominating {0 0 1} facets for enhanced nitrogen photo-fixation performances. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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79
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Ling C, Zhang Y, Li Q, Bai X, Shi L, Wang J. New Mechanism for N2 Reduction: The Essential Role of Surface Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18264-18270. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyi Ling
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yehui Zhang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiaowan Bai
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Li Shi
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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80
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Li XH, Chen WL, Tan HQ, Li FR, Li JP, Li YG, Wang EB. Reduced State of the Graphene Oxide@Polyoxometalate Nanocatalyst Achieving High-Efficiency Nitrogen Fixation under Light Driving Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37927-37938. [PMID: 31549811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N2) reduction to generate ammonia (NH3) is a prerequisite for inputting fixed nitrogen (N) into a global biogeochemical cycle. Developing highly efficient photocatalysts for N2 fixation under mild conditions is still a challenge. Herein, we first report three kinds of reduction states of graphene oxide (GO)@polyoxometalate (POM) composite nanomaterials, which have outstanding photocatalytic N2 fixation activities in pure water without any other electronic sacrificial agents and cocatalysts at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. A lot of experiments show that the remarkable photocatalytic N2 fixation performance of these three nanocatalysts is due to three factors that doping the reduced POMs (also called heteropoly blues) into the reduce GO (rGO) reduces the aggregation state of rGO (from 5 to 2 nm), resulting in rGO exposing many active sites to enhance the N2 adsorption amount, these three nanocatalysts possess a wide absorption spectrum and strong reducibility, which facilitate absorb light energy exciting abundant photoelectrons to activate N2, and rGO can effectively suppress the electrons recombination and rapidly transfer electrons to the absorbed N2 to accelerate NH3 production. Among them, r-GO@H5[PMo10V2O40] (PMo10V2) exhibits the highest NH3 generation efficiency of 130.3 μmol L-1 h-1, which is improved by 65.9 and 97.3% compared to the reduced PMo10V2 (rPMo10V2) and PMo10V2. Introduction of POMs provides a new perspective in the design of high-performance photocatalytic N2 fixation nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
| | - Wei-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
| | - Hua-Qiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
| | - Feng-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
| | - Yang-Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
| | - En-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin 130024 , China
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81
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Luo J, Zhang S, Sun M, Yang L, Luo S, Crittenden JC. A Critical Review on Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation of Photocatalysts with Remodeling Crystal Lattice, Surface, and Interface. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9811-9840. [PMID: 31365227 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy is a renewable resource that can supply our energy needs in the long term. A semiconductor photocatalysis that is capable of utilizing solar energy has appealed to considerable interests for recent decades, owing to the ability to aim at environmental problems and produce renewal energy. Much effort has been put into the synthesis of a highly efficient semiconductor photocatalyst to promote its real application potential. Hence, we reviewed the most advanced methods and strategies in terms of (i) broadening the light absorption wavelengths, (ii) design of active reaction sites, and (iii) control of the electron-hole (e--h+) recombination, while these three processes could be influenced by remodeling the crystal lattice, surface, and interface. Additionally, we individually examined their current applications in energy conversion (i.e., hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, and oriented synthesis) and environmental remediation (i.e., air purification and wastewater treatment). Overall, in this review, we particularly focused on advanced photocatalytic activity with simultaneous wastewater decontamination and energy conversion and further enriched the mechanism by proposing the electron flow and substance conversion. Finally, this review offers the prospects of semiconductor photocatalysts in the following three vital (distinct) aspects: (i) the large-scale preparation of highly efficient photocatalysts, (ii) the development of sustainable photocatalysis systems, and (iii) the optimization of the photocatalytic process for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Luo
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 828 West Peachtree Street , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Shuqu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , Jiangxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8286 , United States
| | - Lixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , Jiangxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , Jiangxi Province , People's Republic of China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 828 West Peachtree Street , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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82
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Lv X, Wei W, Li F, Huang B, Dai Y. Metal-Free B@ g-CN: Visible/Infrared Light-Driven Single Atom Photocatalyst Enables Spontaneous Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6391-6399. [PMID: 31434489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of naturally abundant dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) is one of the most attractive and challenging topics in chemistry. Current studies mainly focus on electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) using metal-based electrocatalysts, while metal-free and solar-driven photocatalysts have been rarely explored. Here, on the basis of the "σ donation-π* back-donation" concept, single B atom supported on holey g-CN (B@g-CN) can serve as metal-free photocatalyst for highly efficient N2 fixation and reduction under visible and even infrared spectra. Our results reveal that N2 can be efficiently activated and reduced to NH3 with extremely low overpotential of 0.15 V and activation barrier of 0.61 eV, lower than most of metal-based NRR catalysts, thereby guaranteeing low energy cost and fast kinetics of NRR. The inherent properties of B@g-CN, such as centralized spin-polarization on the B atom, efficient prohibition of competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and reduced exciton binding energy, are responsible for the high selectivity and Faradaic efficiency for NRR under ambient conditions. Moreover, for the first time, we theoretically disclose that the external potential provided by photogenerated electrons for NRR/HER endowing B@g-CN spontaneous NRR and inaccessible HER. This work may provide a promising lead for designing efficient and robust metal-free single atom catalysts toward photocatalytic NRR under visible/infrared spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuai Lv
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , China
| | - Fengping Li
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , China
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83
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Liu Q, Wang S, Chen G, Liu Q, Kong X. Activating Graphyne Nanosheet via sp-Hybridized Boron Modulation for Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11843-11849. [PMID: 31436965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exploring new metal-free catalysts with high activity for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is highly desirable but remains a big challenge. Graphyne (GY) is a typical two-dimensional carbon material with many excellent properties. However, the NRR has rarely been envisaged on a GY-based metal-free catalyst up to now. Density functional theory calculations reveal that although pristine GY is inactive for N2 reduction, boron modulation can endow it with efficient activity toward NRR. Natural bond orbitals analysis, spin/charge density distributions, and free energy change diagrams are performed and discussed. Three boron doping formats including sp2-substituted, sp-substituted, and adsorbed configuration are considered. The obtained data show sp-substitution will induce local moderate spin and charge densities at the boron site on the GY surface, which is convenient for N2 adsorption and activation, and conductive to N-related intermediates formation and transformation. Moreover, the incorporated sp-hybridized boron can provide one empty p orbital and one occupied p orbital around itself, which plays a key role as an electron reservoir to accept electrons from and donate electrons to the adsorbed N-related species, and thus facilitate N2 reduction and ammonia synthesis. Henceforth, it provides more opportunities for preparing GY and other carbon materials as efficient catalysts toward renewable energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Precision and Green Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education , Huaibei Normal University , Huaibei 235000 , Anhui , P. R. China
| | - Sini Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Precision and Green Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education , Huaibei Normal University , Huaibei 235000 , Anhui , P. R. China
| | - Guilin Chen
- College of Physics and Energy , Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350007 , P. R. China
| | - Qiangchun Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Precision and Green Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education , Huaibei Normal University , Huaibei 235000 , Anhui , P. R. China
| | - Xiangkai Kong
- Key Laboratory for the Precision and Green Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education , Huaibei Normal University , Huaibei 235000 , Anhui , P. R. China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , P. R. China
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84
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Solar-driven chemistry: towards new catalytic solutions for a sustainable world. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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85
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Xie XY, Xiao P, Fang WH, Cui G, Thiel W. Probing Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia with Water on the Rutile TiO2 (110) Surface by First-Principles Calculations. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck, Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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86
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Zhang C, Xu Y, Lv C, Zhou X, Wang Y, Xing W, Meng Q, Kong Y, Chen G. Mimicking π Backdonation in Ce-MOFs for Solar-Driven Ammonia Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29917-29923. [PMID: 31339296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
π Backdonation is the core process to break through the kinetically complex and energetic hurdle for catalyzing effectively the NH3 synthesis but only occurs on certain transition metals with empty and filled d orbitals. Herein, mimicking π backdonation enables MOF-76(Ce) materials to convert N2/NH3 effectively. Note that, by virtue of the intrinsic mechanism of ligand-to-metal charge transfer, metal cerium species in MOF-76(Ce) serve as an electron sink for accumulating the photogenerated electrons. Taken together, experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that such metal cerium species with coordination unsaturated state (Ce-CUS) on a MOF-76(Ce) nanorod surface can also provide unoccupied and occupied 4f orbitals to accept from and then donate electrons back to nitrogen molecules. Remarkably, it shows outstanding photocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance with high average NH3 yield (34 μmol g-1 h-1) under ambient conditions. This work provides fresh insights into rational designing and engineering highly active catalysts with rare earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congmin Zhang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Yanling Xu
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Chade Lv
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Weinan Xing
- College of Biology and the Environment , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 , China
| | - Qingqiang Meng
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Kong
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P. R. China
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87
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Speelman AL, Čorić I, Van Stappen C, DeBeer S, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Nitrogenase-Relevant Reactivity of a Synthetic Iron-Sulfur-Carbon Site. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13148-13157. [PMID: 31403298 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple synthetic compounds with only S and C donors offer a ligation environment similar to the active site of nitrogenase (FeMoco) and thus demonstrate reasonable mechanisms and geometries for N2 binding and reduction in nature. We recently reported the first example of N2 binding at a mononuclear iron site supported by only S and C donors. In this work, we report experiments that examine the mechanism of N2 binding in this system. The reduction of an iron(II) tris(thiolate) complex with 1 equiv of KC8 leads to a thermally unstable intermediate, and a combination of Mössbauer, EPR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies identifies it as a high-spin (S = 3/2) iron(I) species that maintains coordination of all three sulfur atoms. DFT calculations suggest that this iron(I) intermediate has a pseudotetrahedral geometry that resembles the S3C iron coordination environment of the belt iron sites in the resting state of the FeMoco. Further reduction to the iron(0) oxidation level under argon causes the dissociation of one of the thiolate donors and gives an η6-arene species which reacts with N2. Thus, in this system the loss of thiolate and binding of N2 require reduction beyond the iron(I) level to the iron(0) level. Further reduction of the iron(0)-N2 complex gives a reactive, formally iron(-I) species. Treatment of the putative iron(-I) complex with weak acids gives low yields of ammonia and hydrazine, demonstrating that these nitrogenase products can be generated from N2 at a synthetic Fe-S-C site. Catalytic N2 reduction is not observed, which is attributed to protonation of the supporting ligand and degradation of the complex via ligand dissociation. Identification of the challenges in this system gives insight into the design features needed for functional biomimetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Speelman
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Ilija Čorić
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstraße 34-36 , D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
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88
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Liu M, Wang Y, Kong X, Tan L, Li L, Cheng S, Botton G, Guo H, Mi Z, Li CJ. Efficient Nitrogen Fixation Catalyzed by Gallium Nitride Nanowire Using Nitrogen and Water. iScience 2019; 17:208-216. [PMID: 31288155 PMCID: PMC6614754 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most important bulk chemicals in modern society. However, the highly energy-extensive contemporary industrial production of ammonia was developed in the early 20th century and requires extensive heating of highly pressurized flammable hydrogen gas, whose global production still relies heavily on non-sustainable petroleum. The development of “sustainable” nitrogen fixation process represents a grand aspirational chemical pursuit concerning our future human well-being. Herein, we report an ultra-stable nitride-based photosensitizing semiconductor that enables efficient, sustainable, and mild photochemical nitrogen fixation. The catalyst exhibits strong chemisorption of nitrogen and enables immediate electron donation from its surface vacancy to nitrogen. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the nitride-based semiconductor possesses the potential to minimize electron-hole recombination. Efficient photo-N2 fixation Strong chemisorption of N2 Uses water as H source
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysts, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arhor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Xianghua Kong
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Rutherford Building, 3600 University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Lida Tan
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysts, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaobo Cheng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Gianluigi Botton
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Rutherford Building, 3600 University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arhor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, 3480 University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada.
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysts, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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89
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Li C, Fu Y, Wu Z, Xia J, Wang X. Sandwich-like reduced graphene oxide/yolk-shell-structured Fe@Fe 3O 4/carbonized paper as an efficient freestanding electrode for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia directly from H 2O and nitrogen. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:12997-13006. [PMID: 31265035 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is an important raw material in the fertilizer industry and a promising H-based fuel. However, its synthesis still largely relies on the conventional Haber-Bosch process, which is not only energy-consuming, but also environmentally damaging. Alternatively, the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia has drawn considerable interest. Herein, sandwich-like reduced graphene oxide/yolk-shell-structured Fe@Fe3O4/carbonized paper has been synthesized and employed as a freestanding electrode for nitrogen reduction reaction at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The electrocatalytic measurements show that the as-obtained freestanding electrode exhibits high electrocatalytic activity (NH3 formation rate of 1.3 × 10-10 mol cm-2 s-1), excellent selectivity (faradaic efficiency of 6.25%), and good stability, which are equivalent to (or even higher than) those of previously reported noble metal-based catalysts under comparable reaction conditions. The superior electrocatalytic performance of the rGO/Fe@Fe3O4/CP freestanding cathode for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is mainly attributed to its unique sandwich-like nanoarchitecture with the middle yolk-shell-structured Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the synergistic effect between rGO and Fe@Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yongsheng Fu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jiawei Xia
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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90
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Riyaz M, Goel N. Single‐Atom Catalysis Using Chromium Embedded in Divacant Graphene for Conversion of Dinitrogen to Ammonia. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1954-1959. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Riyaz
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry group Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced studies in ChemistryPanjab University Chandigarh- 160014 India
| | - Neetu Goel
- Theoretical & Computational Chemistry group Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced studies in ChemistryPanjab University Chandigarh- 160014 India
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91
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Bu TA, Hao YC, Gao WY, Su X, Chen LW, Zhang N, Yin AX. Promoting photocatalytic nitrogen fixation with alkali metal cations and plasmonic nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10072-10079. [PMID: 31089635 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation can produce ammonia from nitrogen and water under ambient conditions in the presence of sunlight. Here, we report that alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) can significantly promote nitrogen activation and plasmonic nanocrystals (Au and Ag) can sensitize photocatalysts under visible light. The ammonia yield and selectivity on Au/P25 under UV-vis irradiation could be increased from 0.085 mmol g-1 h-1 and 75% to 0.43 mmol g-1 h-1 and 94.5% when promoted by K+, showing a visible-light-driven activity of 0.14 mmol g-1 h-1 and an AQE of 0.62% at 550 nm. The activity could be further increased to 1.02 (UV-vis) and 0.32 (visible) mmol g-1 h-1 with AQE of 0.93% at 550 nm with methanol added as the sacrificial agent. This strategy could be applied to a series of photocatalysts (e.g. TiO2, ZnO, and BiOBr) and may represent a general approach for designing efficient nitrogen fixation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-An Bu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Chen Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Yan Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - An-Xiang Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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92
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Andersen SZ, Čolić V, Yang S, Schwalbe JA, Nielander AC, McEnaney JM, Enemark-Rasmussen K, Baker JG, Singh AR, Rohr BA, Statt MJ, Blair SJ, Mezzavilla S, Kibsgaard J, Vesborg PCK, Cargnello M, Bent SF, Jaramillo TF, Stephens IEL, Nørskov JK, Chorkendorff I. A rigorous electrochemical ammonia synthesis protocol with quantitative isotope measurements. Nature 2019; 570:504-508. [PMID: 31117118 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen under mild conditions using renewable electricity is an attractive alternative1-4 to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process, which dominates industrial ammonia production. However, there are considerable scientific and technical challenges5,6 facing the electrochemical alternative, and most experimental studies reported so far have achieved only low selectivities and conversions. The amount of ammonia produced is usually so small that it cannot be firmly attributed to electrochemical nitrogen fixation7-9 rather than contamination from ammonia that is either present in air, human breath or ion-conducting membranes9, or generated from labile nitrogen-containing compounds (for example, nitrates, amines, nitrites and nitrogen oxides) that are typically present in the nitrogen gas stream10, in the atmosphere or even in the catalyst itself. Although these sources of experimental artefacts are beginning to be recognized and managed11,12, concerted efforts to develop effective electrochemical nitrogen reduction processes would benefit from benchmarking protocols for the reaction and from a standardized set of control experiments designed to identify and then eliminate or quantify the sources of contamination. Here we propose a rigorous procedure using 15N2 that enables us to reliably detect and quantify the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia. We demonstrate experimentally the importance of various sources of contamination, and show how to remove labile nitrogen-containing compounds from the nitrogen gas as well as how to perform quantitative isotope measurements with cycling of 15N2 gas to reduce both contamination and the cost of isotope measurements. Following this protocol, we find that no ammonia is produced when using the most promising pure-metal catalysts for this reaction in aqueous media, and we successfully confirm and quantify ammonia synthesis using lithium electrodeposition in tetrahydrofuran13. The use of this rigorous protocol should help to prevent false positives from appearing in the literature, thus enabling the field to focus on viable pathways towards the practical electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Z Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Viktor Čolić
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sungeun Yang
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jay A Schwalbe
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M McEnaney
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jon G Baker
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aayush R Singh
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Rohr
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Statt
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Blair
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacey F Bent
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jens K Nørskov
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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93
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John J, Lee DK, Sim U. Photocatalytic and electrocatalytic approaches towards atmospheric nitrogen reduction to ammonia under ambient conditions. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:15. [PMID: 31025218 PMCID: PMC6484042 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia production is essential for sustaining the demand for providing food for the growing population. Being a great source of hydrogen, it has significant potential in turning out to be a viable candidate for the future hydrogen economy. Ammonia has a high hydrogen content of about 17.6 wt %, is easier to liquefy and is produced in large quantities. Even though large-scale production of ammonia is significant globally, it is used predominantly as a fertilizer. It used also as a transport fuel for vehicles because of its low carbon emissions. Ammonia as an energy storage media is realized in many countries with infrastructure for transportation and distribution already put into place. Currently, the Haber-Bosch process is employed globally in industrial ammonia production and is a high energy expending process requiring large capital investment. In realizing a much economic pathway given the large-scale ammonia production growth forecast, it is necessary to seek new and improved methods for large-scale ammonia production. Amongst them, photoelectrochemical and electrochemical approaches stand as most promising towards nitrogen reduction to ammonia owing to their design features, lesser complexity, and economical in terms of the conventional ammonia production system. Several catalyst materials are investigated which include metal oxides, metals sulfides, carbon-based catalysts, and metal nitrides are all currently being pursued better utilization of their catalytic property towards nitrogen fixation and the minimization of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this article, we have summarized the design and reaction mechanisms for photoelectrochemical and electrochemical nitrogen fixation with the inherent challenges and material- related issues in realizing the Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (NRR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude John
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Sim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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94
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Wu H, Zheng J, Kjøniksen AL, Wang W, Zhang Y, Ma J. Metallogels: Availability, Applicability, and Advanceability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806204. [PMID: 30680801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Introducing metal components into gel matrices provides an effective strategy to develop soft materials with advantageous properties such as: optical activity, conductivity, magnetic response activity, self-healing activity, catalytic activity, etc. In this context, a thorough overview of application-oriented metallogels is provided. Considering that many well-established metallogels start from serendipitous discoveries, insights into the structure-gelation relationship will offer a profound impact on the development of metallogels. Initially, design strategies for discovering new metallogels are discussed, then the advanced applications of metallogels are summarized. Finally, perspectives regarding the design of metallogels, the potential applications of metallogels and their derivative materials are briefly proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Anna-Lena Kjøniksen
- Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, P.O. Box 700, 1757, Halden, Norway
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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95
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Ding R, Cao S, Chen H, Jiang F, Wang X. Preparation of tellurium doped graphitic carbon nitride and its visible-light photocatalytic performance on nitrogen fixation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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96
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Multilayer ultrathin Ag-δ-Bi2O3 with ultrafast charge transformation for enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 533:649-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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97
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Zhong Y, Chu B, Bo X, He Y, Zhao C. Aqueous synthesis of three-dimensional fluorescent silicon-based nanoscale networks featuring unusual anti-photobleaching properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:652-655. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional fluorescent silicon-based nanoscale networks (SiNNs) possess unusual anti-photobleaching properties, owing to a unique electronic structure system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhong
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Binbin Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Xin Bo
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Yao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology (NANO-CIC)
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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98
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Song P, Wang H, Kang L, Ran B, Song H, Wang R. Electrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia at ambient conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped porous carbon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:687-690. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N,P co-doped porous carbon as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for N2 fixation in aqueous solution under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Li Kang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Baocheng Ran
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Honghong Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
| | - Rongmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
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99
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Bhattacharyya K, Datta A. Visible light driven efficient metal free single atom catalyst supported on nanoporous carbon nitride for nitrogen fixation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:12346-12352. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00997c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The production of ammonia (NH3), an important carbon-free chemical, through nitrogen (N2) fixation under mild conditions, is one of the most challenging and attractive chemical processes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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100
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Insights into the Recent Progress and Advanced Materials for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation for Ammonia (NH3) Production. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is one of the key agricultural fertilizers and to date, industries are using the conventional Haber-Bosh process for the synthesis of NH3 which requires high temperature and energy. To overcome such challenges and to find a sustainable alternative process, researchers are focusing on the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation process. Recently, the effective utilization of sunlight has been proposed via photocatalytic water splitting for producing green energy resource, hydrogen. Inspired by this phenomenon, the production of ammonia via nitrogen, water and sunlight has been attracted many efforts. Photocatalytic N2 fixation presents a green and sustainable ammonia synthesis pathway. Currently, the strategies for development of efficient photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation is primarily concentrated on creating active sites or loading transition metal to facilitate the charge separation and weaken the N–N triple bond. In this investigation, we review the literature knowledge about the photocatalysis phenomena and the most recent developments on the semiconductor nanocomposites for nitrogen fixation, following by a detailed discussion of each type of mechanism.
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