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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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52
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van Dongen M, Dougherty CA, Banaszak Holl MM. Multivalent polymers for drug delivery and imaging: the challenges of conjugation. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3215-34. [PMID: 25120091 PMCID: PMC4157765 DOI: 10.1021/bm500921q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent polymers offer a powerful opportunity to develop theranostic materials on the size scale of proteins that can provide targeting, imaging, and therapeutic functionality. Achieving this goal requires the presence of multiple targeting molecules, dyes, and/or drugs on the polymer scaffold. This critical review examines the synthetic, analytical, and functional challenges associated with the heterogeneity introduced by conjugation reactions as well as polymer scaffold design. First, approaches to making multivalent polymer conjugations are discussed followed by an analysis of materials that have shown particular promise biologically. Challenges in characterizing the mixed ligand distributions and the impact of these distributions on biological applications are then discussed. Where possible, molecular-level interpretations are provided for the structures that give rise to the functional ligand and molecular weight distributions present in the polymer scaffolds. Lastly, recent strategies employed for overcoming or minimizing the presence of ligand distributions are discussed. This review focuses on multivalent polymer scaffolds where average stoichiometry and/or the distribution of products have been characterized by at least one experimental technique. Key illustrative examples are provided for scaffolds that have been carried forward to in vitro and in vivo testing with significant biological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory
A. van Dongen
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Casey A. Dougherty
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Mark M. Banaszak Holl
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
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53
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Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition “click” as a conjugation tool for building topological polymers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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54
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Ledin PA, Kolishetti N, Hudlikar MS, Boons GJ. Exploring strain-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of end functionalized polymers. Chemistry 2014; 20:8753-60. [PMID: 24906200 PMCID: PMC4113408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Strain-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of cyclooctynes with 1,3-dipoles such as azides, nitrones, and nitrile oxides, are of interest for the functionalization of polymers. In this study, we have explored the use of a 4-dibenzocyclooctynol (DIBO)-containing chain transfer agent in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations. The controlled radical polymerization resulted in well-defined DIBO-terminating polymers that could be modified by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions using nitrones, nitrile oxides, and azides having a hydrophilic moiety. The self-assembly properties of the resulting block copolymers have been examined. The versatility of the methodology was further demonstrated by the controlled preparation of gold nanoparticles coated with the DIBO-containing polymers to produce materials that can be further modified by strain-promoted cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr A. Ledin
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road Athens, GA, 30602 (USA)
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road Athens, GA, 30602 (USA)
| | - Manish S. Hudlikar
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road Athens, GA, 30602 (USA)
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemistry University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road Athens, GA, 30602 (USA)
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55
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Ghirardello M, Öberg K, Staderini S, Renaudet O, Berthet N, Dumy P, Hed Y, Marra A, Malkoch M, Dondoni A. Thiol-ene and thiol-yne-based synthesis of glycodendrimers as nanomolar inhibitors of wheat germ agglutinin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghirardello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Kim Öberg
- Division of Coating Technology; KTH The Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Teknikringen 56-58 SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Samuele Staderini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche; Università di Ferrara; Via Fossato di Mortara 17 44121 Ferrara Italy
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS 5250, Université Joseph Fourier, 570 Rue de la chimie, BP 53; 38041 Grenoble cedex 9 France
| | - Nathalie Berthet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire; UMR CNRS 5250, Université Joseph Fourier, 570 Rue de la chimie, BP 53; 38041 Grenoble cedex 9 France
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 2, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale; 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Yvonne Hed
- Division of Coating Technology; KTH The Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Teknikringen 56-58 SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 2, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale; 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Division of Coating Technology; KTH The Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering; Teknikringen 56-58 SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alessandro Dondoni
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, Università di Ferrara; Via Borsari 46 44100 Ferrara Italy
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56
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57
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Sletten EM, de Almeida G, Bertozzi CR. A homologation approach to the synthesis of difluorinated cycloalkynes. Org Lett 2014; 16:1634-7. [PMID: 24588780 PMCID: PMC3993865 DOI: 10.1021/ol500260d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Difluorinated cyclooctynes are important
reagents for labeling
azido-biomolecules through copper-free click chemistry. Here, a safe,
scalable synthesis of a difluorinated cyclooctyne is reported, which
involves a key homologation/ring-expansion reaction. Sequential ring
expansions were also employed to synthesize and study a novel difluorinated
cyclononyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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58
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59
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Gobbo P, Mossman Z, Nazemi A, Niaux A, Biesinger MC, Gillies ER, Workentin MS. Versatile strained alkyne modified water-soluble AuNPs for interfacial strain promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (I-SPAAC). J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1764-1769. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Versatile water-soluble AuNPs that incorporate an interfacial strained alkyne were synthesized and their reactivity towards the I-SPAAC reaction was demonstrated by using azide-decorated polymersomes as bioorthogonal reaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangelo Gobbo
- The University of Western Ontario and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research
- London, Canada
| | - Zack Mossman
- The University of Western Ontario and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research
- London, Canada
| | - Ali Nazemi
- The University of Western Ontario and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research
- London, Canada
| | - Aurelia Niaux
- The University of Western Ontario and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research
- London, Canada
| | - Mark C. Biesinger
- Surface Science Western
- The University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- The University of Western Ontario and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research
- London, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- The University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- The University of Western Ontario and the Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research
- London, Canada
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60
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Tang W, Becker ML. “Click” reactions: a versatile toolbox for the synthesis of peptide-conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7013-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides that comprise the functional subunits of proteins have been conjugated to versatile materials (biomolecules, polymers, surfaces and nanoparticles) in an effort to modulate cell responses, specific binding affinity and/or self-assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tang
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Akron
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61
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Lee CY, Held R, Sharma A, Baral R, Nanah C, Dumas D, Jenkins S, Upadhaya S, Du W. Copper-granule-catalyzed microwave-assisted click synthesis of polyphenol dendrimers. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11221-8. [PMID: 24127771 PMCID: PMC3875327 DOI: 10.1021/jo401603d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Syringaldehyde- and vanillin-based antioxidant dendrimers were synthesized via microwave-assisted alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using copper granules as a catalyst. The use of Cu(I) as a catalyst resulted in copper contaminated dendrimers. To produce copper-free antioxidant dendrimers for biological applications, Cu(I) was substituted with copper granules. Copper granules were ineffective at both room temperature and under reflux conditions (<5% yield). However, they were an excellent catalyst when dendrimer synthesis was performed under microwave irradiation, giving yields up to 94% within 8 h. ICP-mass analysis of the antioxidant dendrimers obtained with this method showed virtually no copper contamination (9 ppm), which was the same as the background level. The synthesized antioxidants, free from copper contamination, demonstrated potent radical scavenging with IC50 values of less than 3 μM in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In comparison, dendrimers synthesized from Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry showed a high level of copper contamination (4800 ppm) and no detectable antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Rich Held
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Ajit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Rom Baral
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Cyprien Nanah
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Dan Dumas
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Shannon Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Samik Upadhaya
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
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62
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Ledin PA, Kolishetti N, Boons GJ. Multi-Functionalization of Polymers by Strain-Promoted Cycloadditions. Macromolecules 2013; 46:7759-7768. [PMID: 24511157 PMCID: PMC3916133 DOI: 10.1021/ma400913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here a synthetic route to oxime, azide and nitrone-bearing copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of 4-vinylbenzaldehyde and 1-(chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene with styrene. The azide and nitrone moieties could be employed in strain-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with various functionalized dibenzocyclooctynols (DIBO) for metal-free post-functionalization of the polymers. In situ oxidation of the oximes with hypervalent iodine gave nitrile oxides, which could also be employed as 1,3-dipoles for facile cycloadditions with DIBO derivatives. Kinetic measurements demonstrated that the pendant nitrile oxides reacted approximately twenty times faster compared to similar cycloadditions with azides. A block copolymer, containing azide and oxime groups in segregated blocks, served as a scaffold for attachment of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties by sequential strain-promoted alkyne-azide and strain-promoted alkyne-nitrile oxide cycloadditions. This sequential bi-functionalization approach made it possible to prepare in a controlled manner multi-functional polymers that could self-assemble into well-defined nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr A. Ledin
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Nagesh Kolishetti
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602
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63
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Howson SE, Clarkson GJ, Faulkner AD, Kaner RA, Whitmore MJ, Scott P. Optically pure heterobimetallic helicates from self-assembly and click strategies. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:14967-81. [PMID: 23943014 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single diastereomer, diamagnetic, octahedral Fe(II) tris chelate complexes are synthesised that contain three pendant pyridine proligands pre-organised for coordination to a second metal. They bind Cu(I) and Ag(I) with coordination geometry depending on the identity of the metal and the detail of the ligand structure, but for example homohelical (ΔFe,ΔCu) configured systems with unusual trigonal planar Cu cations are formed exclusively in solution as shown by VT-NMR and supported by DFT calculations. Similar heterobimetallic tris(triazole) complexes are synthesised via clean CuAAC reactions at a tris(alkynyl) complex, although here the configurations of the two metals differ (ΔFe,ΛCu), leading to the first optically pure heterohelicates. A second series of Fe complexes perform less well in either strategy as a result of lack of preorganisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Howson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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64
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Enzyme-activated nanoconjugates for tunable release of doxorubicin in hepatic cancer cells. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4655-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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65
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Borchmann DE, Brummelhuis NT, Weck M. GRGDS-Functionalized Poly(lactide)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers: Combining Thiol-Ene Chemistry with Staudinger Ligation. Macromolecules 2013; 46:4426-4431. [PMID: 23878406 DOI: 10.1021/ma4005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A tri(ethylene glycol)-containing lactide analogue was synthesized via thiol-ene chemistry between a bi-functional triethylene glycol and allyl lactide. Subsequent tin-octoate-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization yielded well-defined poly(lactide)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers with molecular weights of 6000 g/mol and polydispersity indices of 1.6. The tri(ethylene glycol) chains along the copolymers contain azide termini that are capable of 'click'-type postpolymerization functionalization. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated via successful Staudinger ligation to install the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee E Borchmann
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
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66
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Design considerations for PAMAM dendrimer therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2872-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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67
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Cuggino JC, Charles G, Gatti G, Strumia MC, Alvarez Igarzabal CI. New hydrogel obtained from a novel dendritic monomer as a promising candidate for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3372-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio César Cuggino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; IMBIV-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Germán Charles
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; IMBIV-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Gerardo Gatti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; CIBICI-CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
- Fundación para el Progreso de la Medicina-Laboratorio de Alta Complejidad; 9 de Julio 941 Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Miriam Cristina Strumia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; IMBIV-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
| | - Cecilia Inés Alvarez Igarzabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; IMBIV-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba 5000 Argentina
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68
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El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S, Mignani S, Bousmina M, Majoral JP. Copper in dendrimer synthesis and applications of copper–dendrimer systems in catalysis: a concise overview. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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69
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Hörmann F, Brettreich M, Donaubauer W, Hampel F, Hirsch A. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Globular (Bola)amphiphilic [5:1]Hexakisadducts of C60. Chemistry 2013; 19:2814-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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70
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Yang WJ, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Lay-Ming Teo S, Rittschof D. Stainless steel surfaces with thiol-terminated hyperbranched polymers for functionalization via thiol-based chemistry. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Gonzaga F, Sadowski LP, Rambarran T, Grande J, Adronov A, Brook MA. Highly efficient divergent synthesis of dendrimers via metal-free “click” chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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72
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Yang J, Yin W, Liu R, Chu C. Facile Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted 2H-1,2,3-Triazoles by Catalyst-free Cycloaddition between Substituted Vinyl Sulfones and Sodium Azide under Ambient Conditions. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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73
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Billiet L, Hillewaere XK, Du Prez FE. Highly functionalized, aliphatic polyamides via CuAAC and thiol-yne chemistries. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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74
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Tunca U. Triple Click Reaction Strategy for Macromolecular Diversity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 34:38-46. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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75
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Karasugi K, Kitagishi H, Kano K. Modification of a dioxygen carrier, hemoCD, with PEGylated dendrons for extension of circulation time in the bloodstream. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2365-76. [PMID: 23136812 DOI: 10.1021/bc300303z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A supramolecular diatomic receptor, hemoCD, was modified with PEGylated dendrons to extend its circulation time in the bloodstream. The core component was 4-oxo-4-[[4-(10,15,20-tris(4-sulfonatophenyl)-21H,23H-porphin-5-yl)phenyl]amino]butanoic acid (Por-COOH). The building block of the dendrons was Fmoc-4-amino-4-(2-carboxyethyl)heptanedioic acid (FmocTA), which was condensed with α-amino-ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG(5000)-NH(2)) to yield an FmocG1-dendron. After deprotection, the G1-dendron was condensed with Por-COOH to yield G1-Por. A precursor (FmocNA) of an FmocG2-dendron was prepared via a condensation reaction of 4-amino-4-(2-t-butoxycarbonylethyl)heptanedioic acid di-t-butyl ester (TA-E) with FmocTA followed by hydrolysis of the resultant nona-carboxylic acid nona-t-butyl ester. Condensation of FmocNA with PEG(5000)-NH(2) yielded an FmocG2-dendron. After deprotection, the G2-dendron was condensed with Por-COOH to yield G2-Por. The ferrous complexes of G1- and G2-Pors formed stable 1:1 inclusion complexes with Py3CD, a per-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin dimer with a pyridine linker, in aqueous solution yielding supramolecular complexes designated as G1-hemoCD and G2-hemoCD, respectively. Both G1- and G2-hemoCDs bound molecular oxygen, with the O(2) affinities (P(1/2)) of hemoCD, G1-, and G2-hemoCDs at pH 7.4 and 37 °C being 22, 20, and 20 Torr, respectively. The modification of hemoCD with the dendrons did not cause destabilization of the O(2) adducts via autoxidation, as indicated by their half-lives (t(1/2)) of 6.8, 6.1, and 5.5 h for hemoCD, G1-, and G2-hemoCDs, respectively. The blood concentration-time curves of G1- and G2-hemoCDs injected into the bloodstream of rats exhibited two phases, with the half-lives of the fast and slow decays being 0.45 and 5.3 h, respectively, for G1-hemoCD, and 0.20 and 12.8 h, respectively, for G2-hemoCD. The half-lives of hemoCD were 0.02 and 0.50 h, respectively. The circulation time of hemoCD was markedly extended by its modification with the PEGylated dendrons, which was very effective in protecting hemoCD against opsonization for uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Karasugi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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76
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Lazreg F, Slawin AMZ, Cazin CSJ. Heteroleptic Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)Copper(I) Complexes: Highly Efficient Systems for the [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azides and Alkynes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3006195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faïma Lazreg
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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77
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Thomas JD, Cui H, North PJ, Hofer T, Rader C, Burke TR. Application of strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and tetrazine ligation to targeted Fc-drug conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2007-13. [PMID: 22988967 PMCID: PMC3474869 DOI: 10.1021/bc300052u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have previously described an approach whereby antibody Fc fragments harboring a single C-terminal selenocysteine residue (Fc-Sec) are directed against a variety of targets by changing the peptide or small molecule to which they are conjugated. In the present work, we describe methodology for improving the efficacy of these Fc-Sec conjugates by incorporating cytotoxic drugs. The Fc-Sec protein is first programmed to target specific tumor cell types by attachment of a bifunctional linker that contains a "clickable" handle (e.g., cyclobutane or cyclooctyne) in addition to a tumor cell-binding peptide or small molecule. Following Fc-Sec conjugation, a cytotoxic warhead is then attached by cycloaddition reactions of tetrazine or azide-containing linker. To validate this approach, we used a model system in which folic acid (FA) is the targeting moiety and a disulfide-linked biotin moiety serves as a cytotoxic drug surrogate. We demonstrated successful targeting of Fc-Sec proteins to folate-receptor expressing tumor cells. Tetrazine ligation was found to be an efficient method for biotin "arming" of the folate-targeted Fc-Sec proteins. We also report novel bioconjugation methodologies that use [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between tetrazines and cyclooctynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Thomas
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
| | - Huiting Cui
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Patrick J North
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Hofer
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Christoph Rader
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Terrence R. Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
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78
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Chakrabarty R, Stang PJ. Post-assembly functionalization of organoplatinum(II) metallacycles via copper-free click chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14738-41. [PMID: 22917086 DOI: 10.1021/ja3070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of a strain-promoted copper-free click reaction in the post-self-assembly functionalization of organoplatinum(II) metallacycles. The coordination-driven self-assembly of a 120° cyclooctyne-tethered dipyridyl donor with 60° and 120° di-Pt(II) acceptors forms molecular rhomboids and hexagons bearing cyclooctynes. These species undergo post-self-assembly [3+2] Huisgen cycloaddition with a variety of azides to give functionalized ensembles under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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79
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Thomas TP, Huang B, Choi SK, Silpe JE, Kotlyar A, Desai AM, Zong H, Gam J, Joice M, Baker JR. Polyvalent dendrimer-methotrexate as a folate receptor-targeted cancer therapeutic. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2669-2676. [PMID: 22827500 DOI: 10.1021/mp3002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that a generation 5 dendrimer (G5) conjugated with both folic acid (FA) and methotrexate (MTX) has a higher chemotherapeutic index than MTX alone. Despite this, batch-to-batch inconsistencies in the number of FA and MTX molecules linked to each dendrimer led to conjugate batches with varying biological activity, especially when scaleup synthesis was attempted. Since the MTX is conjugated through an ester linkage, there were concerns that biological inconsistency could also result from serum esterase activity and differential bioavailability of the targeted conjugate. In order to resolve these problems, we undertook a novel approach to synthesize a polyvalent G5-MTX(n) conjugate through click chemistry, attaching the MTX to the dendrimer through an esterase-stable amide linkage. Surface plasmon resonance binding studies show that a G5-MTX(10) conjugate synthesized in this manner binds to the FA receptor (FR) through polyvalent interaction showing 4300-fold higher affinity than free MTX. The conjugate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, and induces cytotoxicity in FR-expressing KB cells through FR-specific cellular internalization. Thus, the polyvalent MTX on the dendrimer serves the dual role as a targeting molecule as well as a chemotherapeutic drug. The newly synthesized G5-MTX(n) conjugate may serve as a FR-targeted chemotherapeutic with potential for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thommey P Thomas
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Baohua Huang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Justin E Silpe
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alina Kotlyar
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ankur M Desai
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hong Zong
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeremy Gam
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melvin Joice
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James R Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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80
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Khatwani SL, Mullen DG, Hast MA, Beese LS, Distefano MD, Taton TA. Covalent protein-oligonucleotide conjugates by copper-free click reaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4532-9. [PMID: 22682299 PMCID: PMC3682506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Covalent protein-oligodeoxynucleotide (protein-ODN) conjugates are useful in a number of biological applications, but synthesizing discrete conjugates-where the connection between the two components is at a defined location in both the protein and the ODN-under mild conditions with significant yield can be a challenge. In this article, we demonstrate a strategy for synthesizing discrete protein-ODN conjugates using strain-promoted azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition (SPAAC, a copper-free 'click' reaction). Azide-functionalized proteins, prepared by enzymatic prenylation of C-terminal CVIA tags with synthetic azidoprenyl diphosphates, were 'clicked' to ODNs that had been modified with a strained dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO-ODN). The resulting protein-ODN conjugates were purified and characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and gel electrophoresis. We find that the yields and reaction times of the SPAAC bioconjugation reactions are comparable to those previously reported for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition (CuAAC) bioconjugation, but require no catalyst. The same SPAAC chemistry was used to immobilize azide-modified proteins onto surfaces, using surface-bound DIBO-ODN as a heterobifunctional linker. Cu-free click bioconjugation of proteins to ODNs is a simple and versatile alternative to Cu-catalyzed click methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel G. Mullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael A. Hast
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lorena S. Beese
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - T. Andrew Taton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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81
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Such GK, Johnston AP, Liang K, Caruso F. Synthesis and functionalization of nanoengineered materials using click chemistry. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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82
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Huang B, Kukowska-Latallo JF, Tang S, Zong H, Johnson KB, Desai A, Gordon CL, Leroueil PR, Baker JR. The facile synthesis of multifunctional PAMAM dendrimer conjugates through copper-free click chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3152-6. [PMID: 22480432 PMCID: PMC3331967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The facile conjugation of three azido modified functionalities, namely a therapeutic drug (methotrexate), a targeting moiety (folic acid), and an imaging agent (fluorescein) with a G5 PAMAM dendrimer scaffold with cyclooctyne molecules at the surface through copper-free click chemistry is reported. Mono-, di-, and tri-functional PAMAM dendrimer conjugates can be obtained via combinatorial mixing of different azido modified functionalities simultaneously or sequentially with the dendrimer platform. Preliminary flow cytometry results indicate that the folic acid targeted nanoparticles are efficiently binding with KB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Huang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta F. Kukowska-Latallo
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shengzhuang Tang
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hong Zong
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kali B. Johnson
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ankur Desai
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Chris L. Gordon
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Pascale R. Leroueil
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - James R. Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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83
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Astruc D, Liang L, Rapakousiou A, Ruiz J. Click dendrimers and triazole-related aspects: catalysts, mechanism, synthesis, and functions. A bridge between dendritic architectures and nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2012; 45:630-40. [PMID: 22148925 DOI: 10.1021/ar200235m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the primary recent improvements in molecular chemistry is the now decade-old concept of click chemistry. Typically performed as copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) Huisgen-type 1,3-cycloadditions, this reaction has many applications in biomedicine and materials science. The application of this chemistry in dendrimer synthesis beyond the zeroth generation and in nanoparticle functionalization requires stoichiometric use of the most common click catalyst, CuSO(4)·5H(2)O with sodium ascorbate. Efforts to develop milder reaction conditions for these substrates have led to the design of polydentate nitrogen ligands. Along these lines, we have described a new, efficient, practical, and easy-to-synthesize catalytic complex, [Cu(I)(hexabenzyltren)]Br, 1 [tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine], for the synthesis of relatively large dendrimers and functional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This efficient catalyst can be used alone in 0.1% mol amounts for nondendritic click reactions or with the sodium-ascorbate additive, which inhibits aerobic catalyst oxidation. Alternatively, catalytic quantities of the air-stable compounds hexabenzyltren and CuBr added to the click reaction medium can provide analogously satisfactory results. Based on this catalyst as a core, we have also designed and synthesized analogous Cu(I)-centered dendritic catalysts that are much less air-sensitive than 1 and are soluble in organic solvents or in water (depending on the nature of the terminal groups). These multivalent catalysts facilitate efficient click chemistry and exert positive dendritic effects that mimic enzyme activity. We propose a monometallic CuAAC click mechanism for this process. Although the primary use of click chemistry with dendrimers has been to decorate dendrimers with a large number of molecules for medicinal or materials purposes, we are specifically interested in the formation of intradendritic [1,2,3]-triazole heterocycles that coordinate to transition-metal ions via their nitrogen atoms. We describe applications including molecular recognition of anions and cations and the stabilization of transition metal nanoparticles according to a principle pioneered by Crooks with poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, and in particular, the control of structural and reactivity parameters in which the intradendritic [1,2,3]-triazoles and peripheral tripodal tri(ethylene glycol) termini play key roles in the click-dendrimer mediated synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). By varying these parameters, we have stabilized water-soluble, weakly liganded AuNPs between 1.8 and 50 nm in size and have shown large differences in behavior between AuNPs and PdNPs. Overall, the new catalyst design and the possibilities of click dendrimer chemistry introduce a bridge between dendritic architectures and the world of nanomaterials for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Astruc
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Amalia Rapakousiou
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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84
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Xiong H, Leonard P, Seela F. Construction and assembly of branched Y-shaped DNA: "click" chemistry performed on dendronized 8-aza-7-deazaguanine oligonucleotides. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:856-70. [PMID: 22443223 DOI: 10.1021/bc300013k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Branched DNA was synthesized from tripropargylated oligonucleotides by the Huisgen-Meldal-Sharpless cycloaddition using "stepwise and double click" chemistry. Dendronized oligonucleotides decorated with 7-tripropargylamine side chains carrying two terminal triple bonds were further functionalized with bis-azides to give derivatives with two terminal azido groups. Then, the branched side chains with two azido groups or two triple bonds were combined with DNA-fragments providing the corresponding clickable function. Both concepts afforded branched (Y-shaped) three-armed DNA. Annealing of branched DNA with complementary oligonucleotides yielded supramolecular assemblies. The concept of "stepwise and double click" chemistry combined with selective hybridization represents a flexible tool to generate DNA nanostructures useful for various purposes in DNA diagnostics, delivery, and material science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xiong
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
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85
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Friscourt F, Ledin PA, Mbua NE, Flanagan-Steet HR, Wolfert MA, Steet R, Boons GJ. Polar dibenzocyclooctynes for selective labeling of extracellular glycoconjugates of living cells. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5381-9. [PMID: 22376061 PMCID: PMC3319718 DOI: 10.1021/ja3002666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions (SPAAC) have found wide utility in biological and material sciences, the low polarity and limited water solubility of commonly used cyclooctynes represent a serious shortcoming. To address this problem, an efficient synthetic route has been developed for highly polar sulfated dibenzocyclooctynylamides (S-DIBO) by a Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 1,2-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamides with trichlorocyclopropenium cation followed by a controlled hydrolysis of the resulting dichlorocyclopropenes to give bis(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclooctacyclopropenones, which were subjected to methoxy group removal of the phenols, O-sulfation, and photochemical unmasking of the cyclopropenone moiety. Accurate rate measurements of the reaction of benzyl azide with various dibenzylcyclooctyne derivatives demonstrated that aromatic substitution and the presence of the amide function had only a marginal impact on the rate constants. Biotinylated S-DIBO 8 was successfully used for labeling azido-containing glycoconjugates of living cells. Furthermore, it was found that the substitution pattern of the dibenzylcyclooctynes influences subcellular location, and in particular it has been shown that DIBO derivative 4 can enter cells, thereby labeling intra- and extracellular azido-modified glycoconjugates, whereas S-DIBO 8 cannot pass the cell membrane and therefore is ideally suited for selective labeling of cell surface molecules. The ability to selectively label cell surface molecules will yield unique opportunities for glycomic analysis and the study of glycoprotein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Friscourt
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Petr A. Ledin
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Ngalle Eric Mbua
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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86
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Heaney F. Nitrile Oxide/Alkyne Cycloadditions - A Credible Platform for Synthesis of Bioinspired Molecules by Metal-Free Molecular Clicking. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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87
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Chou SSP, Lu CL, Hsu YH. Synthesis of Triazolyl-Substituted Quinolizidine Imides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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88
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Rambarran T, Gonzaga F, Brook MA. Generic, Metal-Free Cross-Linking and Modification of Silicone Elastomers Using Click Ligation. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202785x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Talena Rambarran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Ferdinand Gonzaga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Michael A. Brook
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main
Street West, Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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89
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Click Chemistry with Polymers, Dendrimers, and Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2012; 29:902-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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90
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de Hoog HPM, Nallani M, Liedberg B. A facile and fast method for the functionalization of polymersomes by photoinduced cycloaddition chemistry. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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91
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Lo Conte M, Staderini S, Chambery A, Berthet N, Dumy P, Renaudet O, Marra A, Dondoni A. Glycoside and peptide clustering around the octasilsesquioxane scaffold via photoinduced free-radical thiol–ene coupling. The observation of a striking glycoside cluster effect. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:3269-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Dondoni A, Marra A. Recent applications of thiol–ene coupling as a click process for glycoconjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:573-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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93
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Liang L, Astruc D. The copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) “click” reaction and its applications. An overview. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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94
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Ma Y, Zhang H, Gruzdys V, Sun XL. Azide-reactive liposome for chemoselective and biocompatible liposomal surface functionalization and glyco-liposomal microarray fabrication. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13097-103. [PMID: 21928859 PMCID: PMC3205907 DOI: 10.1021/la2032434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemically selective liposomal surface functionalization and liposomal microarray fabrication using azide-reactive liposomes are described. First, liposome carrying PEG-triphenylphosphine was prepared for Staudinger ligation with azide-containing biotin, which was conducted in PBS buffer (pH 7.4) at room temperature without a catalyst. Then, immobilization and microarray fabrication of the biotinylated liposome onto a streptavidin-modified glass slide via the specific streptavidin/biotin interaction were investigated by comparing with directly formed biotin-liposome, which was prepared by the conventional liposome formulation of lipid-biotin with all other lipid components. Next, the covalent microarray fabrication of liposome carrying triphenylphosphine onto an azide-modified glass slide and its further glyco-modification with azide-containing carbohydrate were demonstrated for glyco-liposomal microarray fabrication via Staudinger ligation. Fluorescence imaging confirmed the successful immobilization and protein binding of the intact immobilized liposomes and arrayed glyco-liposomes. The azide-reactive liposome provides a facile strategy for membrane-mimetic glyco-array fabrication, which may find important biological and biomedical applications such as studying carbohydrate-protein interactions and toxin and antibody screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentinas Gruzdys
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
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95
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Lo Conte M, Robb MJ, Hed Y, Marra A, Malkoch M, Hawker CJ, Dondoni A. Exhaustive glycosylation, PEGylation, and glutathionylation of a [G4]-ene(48) dendrimer via photoinduced thiol-ene coupling. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2011; 49:4468-4475. [PMID: 21966092 PMCID: PMC3181107 DOI: 10.1002/pola.24888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report in this paper the use of free-radical thiol-ene coupling (TEC) for the introduction of carbohydrate, poly(ethylene glycol), and peptide fragments at the periphery of an alkene functional dendrimer. Four different sugar thiols including glucose, mannose, lactose and sialic acid, two PEGylated thiols and the natural tripeptide glutathione were reacted with a fourth generation alkene functional dendrimer [G4]-ene(48) upon irradiation at λ(max) 365 nm. In all cases, the (1)H NMR spectra of the crude reaction mixture revealed the complete disappearance of alkene proton signals indicating the quantitative conversion of all 48 alkene groups of the dendrimer. With one exception only, all dendrimer conjugates were isolated in high yields (70-94%), validating the high efficiency of multiple TEC reactions on a single substrate. All isolated and purified compounds were analyzed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and gave spectra consistent with the assigned structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lo Conte
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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96
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Debets MF, van Berkel SS, Dommerholt J, Dirks A(TJ, Rutjes FPJT, van Delft FL. Bioconjugation with strained alkenes and alkynes. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:805-15. [PMID: 21766804 DOI: 10.1021/ar200059z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The structural complexity of molecules isolated from biological sources has always served as an inspiration for organic chemists. Since the first synthesis of a natural product, urea, chemists have been challenged to prepare exact copies of natural structures in the laboratory. As a result, a broad repertoire of synthetic transformations has been developed over the years. It is now feasible to synthesize organic molecules of enormous complexity, and also molecules with less structural complexity but prodigious societal impact, such as nylon, TNT, polystyrene, statins, estradiol, XTC, and many more. Unfortunately, only a few chemical transformations are so mild and precise that they can be used to selectively modify biochemical structures, such as proteins or nucleic acids; these are the so-called bioconjugation strategies. Even more challenging is to apply a chemical reaction on or in living cells or whole organisms; these are the so-called bioorthogonal reactions. These fields of research are of particular importance because they not only pose a worthy challenge for chemists but also offer unprecedented possibilities for studying biological systems, especially in areas in which traditional biochemistry and molecular biology tools fall short. Recent years have seen tremendous growth in the chemical biology toolbox. In particular, a rapidly increasing number of bioorthogonal reactions has been developed based on chemistry involving strained alkenes or strained alkynes. Such strained unsaturated systems have the unique ability to undergo (3 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloadditions with a diverse set of complementary reaction partners. Accordingly, chemistry centered around strain-promoted cycloadditions has been exploited to precisely modify biopolymers, ranging from nucleic acids to proteins to glycans. In this Account, we describe progress in bioconjugation centered around cycloadditions of these strained unsaturated systems. Being among the first to recognize the utility of strain-promoted cycloadditions between alkenes and dipoles, we highlight our report in 2007 of the reaction of oxanobornadienes with azides, which occurs through a sequential cycloaddition and retro Diels-Alder reaction. We further consider the subsequent refinement of this reaction as a valuable tool in chemical biology. We also examine the development of the reaction of cyclooctyne, the smallest isolable cyclic alkyne, with a range of substrates. Owing to severe deformation of the triple bond from ideal linear geometry, the cyclooctynes show high reactivity toward dienes, 1,3-dipoles, and other molecular systems. In the search for bioorthogonal reactions, cycloadditions of cyclic alkenes and alkynes have now established themselves as powerful tools in reagent-free bioconjugations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjoke F. Debets
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Berkel
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dommerholt
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - A. (Ton) J. Dirks
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Floris L. van Delft
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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97
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Sau M, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Pericàs MA. Copper-Free Intramolecular Alkyne–Azide Cycloadditions Leading to Seven-Membered Heterocycles. Org Lett 2011; 13:5044-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201869y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Míriam Sau
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08080, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rodríguez-Escrich
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08080, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08080, Barcelona, Spain
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98
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Lallana E, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E. Zuverlässige und effiziente Konjugation von Biomolekülen über Huisgen-Azid-Alkin-Cycloadditionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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99
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Lallana E, Riguera R, Fernandez-Megia E. Reliable and Efficient Procedures for the Conjugation of Biomolecules through Huisgen Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8794-804. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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100
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Mbua NE, Guo J, Wolfert MA, Steet R, Boons GJ. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloadditions (SPAAC) reveal new features of glycoconjugate biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1912-21. [PMID: 21661087 PMCID: PMC3151320 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that 4-dibenzocyclooctynol (DIBO), which can easily be obtained by a streamlined synthesis approach, reacts exceptionally fast in the absence of a Cu(I) catalyst with azido-containing compounds to give stable triazoles. Chemical modifications of DIBO, such as oxidation of the alcohol to a ketone, increased the rate of strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloadditions (SPAAC). Installment of a ketone or oxime in the cyclooctyne ring resulted in fluorescent active compounds whereas this property was absent in the corresponding cycloaddition adducts; this provides the first example of a metal-free alkyne-azide fluoro-switch click reaction. The alcohol or ketone functions of the cyclooctynes offer a chemical handle to install a variety of different tags, and thereby facilitate biological studies. It was found that DIBO modified with biotin combined with metabolic labeling with an azido-containing monosaccharide can determine relative quantities of sialic acid of living cells that have defects in glycosylation (Lec CHO cells). A combined use of metabolic labeling/SPAAC and lectin staining of cells that have defects in the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex revealed that such defects have a greater impact on O-glycan sialylation than galactosylation, whereas sialylation and galactosylation of N-glycans was similarly impacted. These results highlight the fact that the fidelity of Golgi trafficking is a critical parameter for the types of oligosaccharides being biosynthesized by a cell. Furthermore, by modulating the quantity of biosynthesized sugar nucleotide, cells might have a means to selectively alter specific glycan structures of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngalle Eric Mbua
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Jun Guo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA)
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