51
|
Kouka P, Priftis A, Stagos D, Angelis A, Stathopoulos P, Xinos N, Skaltsounis AL, Mamoulakis C, Tsatsakis AM, Spandidos DA, Kouretas D. Assessment of the antioxidant activity of an olive oil total polyphenolic fraction and hydroxytyrosol from a Greek Olea europea variety in endothelial cells and myoblasts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:703-712. [PMID: 28731131 PMCID: PMC5547916 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) constitutes the basis of the Mediterranean diet, and it seems that its biophenols, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) may scavenge free radicals, attracting distinct attention due to their beneficial effects in many pathological conditions, such as cancer. To the best of our knowedge, this is the first study in which the functional properties of an OO total polyphenolic fraction (TPF) and pure HT were examined in order to determine their antioxidant effects at a cellular level in endothelial cells and myoblasts. The test compounds were isolated using a green gradient-elution centrifugal partition chromatography-based method that allows the isolation of large volumes of OO in a continuous extraction procedure and with extremely low solvent consumption. For the isolation of HT, a combination of two chromatographic techniques was used, which is effective for the recovery of pure compounds from complex natural extracts. Moreover, TPF and HT exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity in vitro. The cells were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations and their redox status [in terms of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels] was assessed. TPF extract was less cytotoxic than HT, and the observed differences between the two cell lines used suggest a tissue-specific activity. Finally, flow cytometric analysis revealed that both TPF and HT improved the redox status by increasing the levels of GSH, one of the most important antioxidant molecules, in both endothelial cells and myoblasts, while the ROS levels were not significantly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kouka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Alexandros Priftis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Alexios-Léandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Tao JH, Zhao M, Ling Y, Jiang S, Qiu WQ. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based Metabolic Profiles of Bioactive Components in Rehmannia glutinosa and Cornus officinalis Herb Pair by Rat Intestinal Bacteria. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(17)60088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
53
|
A Comparative Study of Phenols in Apulian Italian Wines. Foods 2017; 6:foods6040024. [PMID: 28338616 PMCID: PMC5409312 DOI: 10.3390/foods6040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceutics is a growing research field in which researchers study and attempt to improve the biological properties of metabolites in food. Wine is one of the most consumed products in the world and contains a plethora of molecules biologically relevant to human health. In this article, several polyphenols with potential antioxidant activity were measured in wines from Apulia, in Southeast Italy. Hydroxytyrosol, gallic and syringic acids, luteolin, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol were identified and quantified by HPLC. The amount of the analyzed metabolites in wines were largely dependent on their color, with red ones being the richest compared to white and rose wines. Gallic acid was the most abundant polyphenol, followed by syringic acid and luteolin. Nevertheless, significant amounts of hydroxytyrosol, quercetin, and trans-resveratrol were also found. The average concentration of polyphenols found in these wines could have potential health-promoting effects, especially if consumed in moderate quantities on a regular basis.
Collapse
|
54
|
Soni M, Prakash C, Sehwag S, Kumar V. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol in arsenic-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 28225195 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) against arsenic (As)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in rat brain. Rats exposed to sodium arsenite (25 ppm for 8 weeks) showed decreased mitochondrial complexes (I, II, IV) activities, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase activities in brain mitochondria. As-treated rats showed reduced mRNA expression of complex I (ND-1, ND-2), IV (COX-1, COX-4) subunits, and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2). In addition to this, As exposure downregulated the protein expression of MnSOD. Administration of HT with As restored the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial complexes, MnSOD and catalase, increased the mRNA levels of complexes subunits and UCP-2 as well as proteins level of MnSOD. These results suggest that HT efficiently restores mitochondrial dysfunction in As neurotoxicity and might be used as potential mitoprotective agent in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Sfurti Sehwag
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Lai WT, Khong NM, Lim SS, Hee YY, Sim BI, Lau KY, Lai OM. A review: Modified agricultural by-products for the development and fortification of food products and nutraceuticals. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
56
|
Plant polyphenols as natural drugs for the management of Down syndrome and related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:865-877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
57
|
Casamenti F, Stefani M. Olive polyphenols: new promising agents to combat aging-associated neurodegeneration. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 17:345-358. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1245617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Casamenti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Stefani
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences ‘Mario Serio’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yao Q, He G, Guo X, Hu Y, Shen Y, Gou X. Antioxidant activity of olive wine, a byproduct of olive mill wastewater. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2276-2281. [PMID: 26971783 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1153661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Although olive mill wastewater (OMWW) is a good source of bioactive phenolic compounds, disposing OMWW is a serious environmental challenge. Production of wine via fermenting OMWW may be a promising alternative to deal with OMWW. However, whether or not olive wine from OMWW still reserves its original bioactivities remains unclear. Objective This study examines antioxidant activity of olive wine fermented from OMWW. Materials and methods Hydroxytyrosol in olive oil was determined by HPLC. Total flavonoid, total polyphenol and in vitro antioxidant activities were measured by spectrophotometry. Aged mice were intragastricly administered 7, 14 and 28 mL/kg olive wine consecutively for 30 d. Afterward, levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione (GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assayed in mouse plasma and liver. Results Contents of hydroxytyrosol, total flavonoid and total polyphenol in olive wine were 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.29 ± 0.06 and 0.43 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value of olive wine to scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals was 2.5% and 3.2% (v/v), respectively. Compared with the solvent control group, olive wine with a dose of 28 mL/kg remarkably lowered mouse MDA concentration in liver, and reduced protein carbonyl level in plasma (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, olive wine at doses of 7 and 28 mL/kg notably enhanced SOD activity in both mouse plasma and liver (p < 0.05). The beneficial effect on liver was superior to that of γ-tocopherol. Conclusion The study demonstrated that olive wine from OMWW has potential for treating oxidative stress-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yao
- a Department of Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Development of Sichuan Education , Chengdu University , Chengdu , China
| | - Gang He
- a Department of Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Development of Sichuan Education , Chengdu University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- a Department of Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Development of Sichuan Education , Chengdu University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yibing Hu
- a Department of Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Development of Sichuan Education , Chengdu University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yuanfu Shen
- a Department of Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Development of Sichuan Education , Chengdu University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- a Department of Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Development of Sichuan Education , Chengdu University , Chengdu , China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Xue Z, Yang B. Phenylethanoid Glycosides: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2016; 21:E991. [PMID: 27483229 PMCID: PMC6273160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicines as well as in other medicinal plants, and they were characterized by a phenethyl alcohol (C₆-C₂) moiety attached to a β-glucopyranose/β-allopyranose via a glycosidic bond. The outstanding activity of PhGs in diverse diseases proves their importance in medicinal chemistry research. This review summarizes new findings on PhGs over the past 10 years, concerning the new structures, their bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antivirus, cytotoxic, immunomodulatory, and enzyme inhibitory effects, and pharmacokinetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Zhong YW, Wu J, Hu HL, Li WX, Zhong Y. Protective effect 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol in subarachnoid hemorrhage provoked oxidative neuropathy. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1908-1914. [PMID: 27588109 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have indicated that early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with fatal outcomes. Oxidative stress and brain edema are the characteristic pathological events in occurrence EBI following SAH. The present study aimed to examine the effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) against SAH-induced EBI, and to demonstrate whether the effect is associated with its potent free radical scavenging property. SAH was induced in rats using an endovascular perforation technique, and 24 h later the rats displayed diminished neurological scores and brain edema. Furthermore, elevated malondialdehyde (an index of lipid peroxidation) and depleted levels of antioxidants were observed in the rat cerebral cortex tissue. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the upregulated mRNA expression of the apoptotic markers caspase-3 and -9 in the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were significantly upregulated in SAH-induced rats. By constrast, treatment with DOPET significantly attenuated EBI by reducing brain edema, elevation of antioxidant status, inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. In this context, DOPET may be a potent agent in the treatment of EBI following SAH, as a result of its free radical scavenging capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Long Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Tongcheng People's Hospital, Xianning, Hubei 437400, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bernardini
- Biblioteca del Polo centrale di Medicina e Chirurgia; Università degli studi di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Padova; Padova Italy
- IMDEA-Food; CEI UAM + CSIC; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
FU PENG, HU QUAN. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol alleviates early brain injury by modulating oxidative stress and Akt and nuclear factor-κB pathways in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1999-2004. [PMID: 27168841 PMCID: PMC4840544 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, present in olive oil and in the wastewater generated during olive oil processing. DOPET has various biological and pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This study was designed to determine whether DOPET alleviates early brain injury (EBI) associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) through suppression of oxidative stress and Akt and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways. Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham group, SAH group, SAH + vehicle group and SAH + DOPET group. Mortality, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and brain water content were assessed. Oxidative stress, Akt, NF-κB p65 and caspase-3 assays were also performed. DOPET induced a reduction in brain water content, and decreased the BBB permeability of SAH model rats. Furthermore, DOPET effectively controlled oxidative stress, NF-κB p65 and caspase-3 levels, in addition to significantly increasing Akt levels in the cortex following SAH. These results provide evidence that DOPET attenuates apoptosis in a rat SAH model through modulating oxidative stress and Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PENG FU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - QUAN HU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Arous F, Azabou S, Jaouani A, Zouari-Mechichi H, Nasri M, Mechichi T. Biosynthesis of single-cell biomass from olive mill wastewater by newly isolated yeasts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6783-6792. [PMID: 26662789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of newly isolated yeast strains Schwanniomyces etchellsii M2 and Candida pararugosa BM24 to produce yeast biomass on olive mill wastewater (OMW). Maximum biomass yield was obtained at 75% (v/v) OMW, after 96 h of incubation at 30 °C and 5% (v/v) inoculum size. The optimal carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was in the range of 8:1 to 10:1, and ammonium chloride was selected as the most suitable nitrogen source. Under these conditions, a maximum biomass production of 15.11 and 21.68 g L(-1) was achieved for Schwanniomyces etchellsii M2 and Candida pararugosa BM24, respectively. Proteins were the major constituents of yeast cells (35.9-39.4% dry weight), lipids were 2.8-5% dry weight, and ash ranged from 4.8 to 9.5 % dry weight. Besides biomass production, yeast strains were also able to reduce toxicity and polluting parameter levels of the spent OMW-based medium. The practical results presented show that pH rose from initial value of 5.5 to 7.24-7.45 after fermentation. Approximately 23.1-41.4% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 15.4-19.2% of the phenolic compounds were removed. The removal of phenolic compounds was associated with their biodegradation and their partial adsorption on yeast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Arous
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samia Azabou
- Laboratory of Valorization, Security and Food Analysis, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Atef Jaouani
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Zouari-Mechichi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Extra virgin olive oil modulates brain docosahexaenoic acid level and oxidative damage caused by 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rats. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:1454-64. [PMID: 27570270 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease, cardiovascular disorders and many others. This study sought to verify whether extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), lipophilic fraction (OOLF) and hydrophilic fraction (OOHF) exerted a brain protective effect against the oxidative stress caused by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) pesticide at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. 2,4-D, EVOO and its fractions were administered to rats by gavages for four consecutive weeks. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring brain lipid peroxide level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidant enzyme activities and fatty acid composition. 2,4-D induced a decrease in both plasma and brain acetylcholinesterase activity and a rise in Brain TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) level and antioxidant enzyme activities compared with the control group. These changes were partly reversed by either EVOO or its fractions oral administration to 2,4-D treated rats. EVOO enhanced a neuroprotective effect evaluated by the restoration of brain fatty acid composition especially the level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Our results indicate that EVOO exerts a neuroprotective activity against oxidative damage in brain induced by 2,4-D, which could be attributed to its antioxidative property.
Collapse
|
65
|
Li Y, Zhou G, Peng Y, Tu P, Li X. Screening and identification of three typical phenylethanoid glycosides metabolites from Cistanches Herba by human intestinal bacteria using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 118:167-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
66
|
Li Y, Zhou G, Xing S, Tu P, Li X. Identification of Echinacoside Metabolites Produced by Human Intestinal Bacteria Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6764-71. [PMID: 26186273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is one of the representative phenylethanoid glycosides. It is widely present in plants and exhibits various bioactivities. However, the extremely low oral bioavailability of ECH in rats implies that ECH may go through multiple hydrolysis steps in the gastrointestinal tract prior to its absorption into the blood. Therefore, the gastrointestinal metabolites of ECH are more likely to be the bioactive components. This study established an approach combining ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with MS(E) technology and MetaboLynx software for rapid analysis of the ECH metabolic profile produced by human intestinal bacteria. As a result, 13 ECH metabolites and 5 possible metabolic pathways (including deglycosylation, dehydroxylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and acetylation) were identified. Furthermore, hydroxytyrosol (HT) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) were found to be the two bioactive metabolites of ECH produced by human intestinal bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Xing
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- §State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- †School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
López de las Hazas MC, Rubió L, Kotronoulas A, de la Torre R, Solà R, Motilva MJ. Dose effect on the uptake and accumulation of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites in target tissues in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1395-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmen López de las Hazas
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; REGICOR Study Group, IMIM-Research Institute Hospital del Mar; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis; CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
De La Cruz J, Ruiz-Moreno M, Guerrero A, López-Villodres J, Reyes J, Espartero J, Labajos M, González-Correa J. Role of the catechol group in the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of virgin olive oil components in rat brain. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
69
|
Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Burgos-Ramos E, Loria Kohen V, Espinosa MI, Herranz J, Visioli F. One-week administration of hydroxytyrosol to humans does not activate Phase II enzymes. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:132-7. [PMID: 25836918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The notion that (poly)phenols act as direct free radical scavengers is being challenged by mere chemical and biochemical considerations such as bioavailability and intracellular concentrations. An alternative hypothesis that is gaining considerable traction is that (poly)phenols are processed by the body as xenobiotics via the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling axis, leading to the induction of Phase II enzymes. However, there are no solid human data to confirm this interesting supposition. In this study, we tested the activities of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on Phase II enzymes' expression in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. We tested two HT doses, i.e. 5 and 25mg/d, vs. placebo following a Latin square design. We report that HT is well tolerated but does not significantly modify Phase II enzyme expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, we were unable to record significant effects on a variety of surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease such as lipid profile and inflammation and oxidation markers. Available evidence indicates that the "hormesis hypothesis" that (poly)phenols activate Phase II enzymes requires solid human confirmation that might be provided by future trials. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02273622).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria Kohen
- Unidad de Nutrición y Ensayos Clínicos, Plataforma Genyal, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Espinosa
- Unidad de Nutrición y Ensayos Clínicos, Plataforma Genyal, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Herranz
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Rodríguez-Morató J, Xicota L, Fitó M, Farré M, Dierssen M, de la Torre R. Potential role of olive oil phenolic compounds in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:4655-80. [PMID: 25781069 PMCID: PMC6272603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and better cognitive performance. Virgin olive oil, the main source of lipids in the MD, is rich in minor phenolic components, particularly hydroxytyrosol (HT). HT potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions have attracted researchers' attention and may contribute to neuroprotective effects credited to MD. In this review HT bioavailability and pharmacokinetics are presented prior to discussing health beneficial effects. In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects together with its multiple mechanisms of action are reviewed. Other microconstituents of olive oil are also considered due to their potential neuroprotective effects (oleocanthal, triterpenic acids). Finally, we discuss the potential role of HT as a therapeutic tool in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Laura Xicota
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zheng A, Li H, Cao K, Xu J, Zou X, Li Y, Chen C, Liu J, Feng Z. Maternal hydroxytyrosol administration improves neurogenesis and cognitive function in prenatally stressed offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:190-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
72
|
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol Attenuates Spatio-Cognitive Deficits in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model: Modulation of the Molecular Signals in Neuronal Survival-Apoptotic Programs. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:143-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
73
|
Cabrerizo S, De La Cruz JP, López-Villodres JA, Muñoz-Marín J, Guerrero A, Reyes JJ, Labajos MT, González-Correa JA. Role of the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in the neuroprotective effects of hydroxytyrosol in rat brain slices subjected to hypoxia reoxygenation. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 24:2152-7. [PMID: 24231104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT) in an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices. After reoxygenation the increase in lactate dehydrogenase efflux was inhibited by HT in a concentration-dependent manner and dose-dependent inhibition after oral administration to rats for 7 days (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg per day). Maximum inhibition was 57.4% in vitro and 38.7% ex vivo. Hydroxytyrosol reduced oxidative stress parameters: it inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased enzymatic activities related with the glutathione system both in vitro and after oral administration to rats. The increase in prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1β after reoxygenation were inhibited after incubation of brain slices with HT and after oral administration. The accumulation of nitric oxide in brain slices was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, HT exerts a neuroprotective effect in a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices, both in vitro and after 7 days of oral administration to rats. HT exerts an antioxidant activity and lowered some inflammatory markers in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cabrerizo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Sarsour EH, Goswami M, Kalen AL, Lafin JT, Goswami PC. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 mediated aged quiescent fibroblast-induced stimulation of breast cancer cell proliferation. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9645. [PMID: 24691968 PMCID: PMC4082566 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an age-associated disease. Although the mechanisms of age-associated increase in cancer incidence are not completely understood, it is believed that the tumor stromal environment significantly influences epithelial malignancy. Fibroblasts are a major cell type in the stroma and, under normal conditions, fibroblasts reside in the quiescent state. Cellular quiescence is a reversible process where cells enter into the proliferative cycle and then exit back to quiescence. We have shown previously that quiescent fibroblasts lose their proliferative capacity as they age, and we defined this mode of cellular aging as chronological life span. Using conditioned media and co-culture experiments, results from this study show that normal human fibroblasts (NHFs) nearing the end of their chronological life span stimulate the proliferation of MB231 and MCF7 human breast epithelial cancer cells. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) expression was found to be approximately 8-fold higher in old compared to that in young quiescent NHFs, which correlated with an increase in the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pro-proliferative pathway in MB231 cells. Conditioned media treated with anti-CCL5 antibody suppressed the activation of the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and proliferation of MB231 cells. Hydroxytyrosol, a dietary polyphenol and an active ingredient of olive, inhibited CCL5 expression in aging quiescent NHFs. This inhibition was associated with NHFs inability to activate the ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway and enhance proliferation of MB231 cells. These results show that fibroblasts nearing the end of their chronological life span promote proliferation of human breast epithelial cancer cells and dietary polyphenols inhibit this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehab H. Sarsour
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Monali Goswami
- />Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., 1710 Commercial Park, Coralville, IA 52241 USA
| | - Amanda L. Kalen
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - John T. Lafin
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- />Free Radical and Radiation Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Hu T, He XW, Jiang JG, Xu XL. Hydroxytyrosol and its potential therapeutic effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1449-1455. [PMID: 24479643 DOI: 10.1021/jf405820v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As olive oil is the main source of calories in the Mediterranean diet, a large number of studies have been carried out to characterize its role in various diseases and exploitation for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, carcinogenesis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. As one of the major polyphenols present in virgin olive oil, hydroxytyrosol shows a variety of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant properties, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities, and beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, which show its potentiality for the development of dietary supplements. In the future, more attention should be paid to its action mechanism in vivo and synergistic effect. Further research will be performed to provide the theoretical basis for hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives use as health supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Cheng Z, Schmelz EM, Liu D, Hulver MW. Targeting mitochondrial alterations to prevent type 2 diabetes-Evidence from studies of dietary redox-active compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1739-49. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
| | - Matthew W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition; Foods and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Virginia Tech VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Nutritional Approaches for Healthy Aging of the Brain and the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. PHARMA-NUTRITION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06151-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
78
|
Identification of acteoside and its major metabolites in rat urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 940:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
79
|
|
80
|
Auñon-Calles D, Giordano E, Bohnenberger S, Visioli F. Hydroxytyrosol is not genotoxic in vitro. Pharmacol Res 2013; 74:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
81
|
Frankel E, Bakhouche A, Lozano-Sánchez J, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A. Literature review on production process to obtain extra virgin olive oil enriched in bioactive compounds. Potential use of byproducts as alternative sources of polyphenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5179-5188. [PMID: 23656613 DOI: 10.1021/jf400806z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the olive oil production process to obtain extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) enriched in polyphenol and byproducts generated as sources of antioxidants. EVOO is obtained exclusively by mechanical and physical processes including collecting, washing, and crushing of olives, malaxation of olive paste, centrifugation, storage, and filtration. The effect of each step is discussed to minimize losses of polyphenols from large quantities of wastes. Phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, alcohols, secoiridoids, lignans, and flavonoids are characterized in olive oil mill wastewater, olive pomace, storage byproducts, and filter cake. Different industrial pilot plant processes are developed to recover phenolic compounds from olive oil byproducts with antioxidant and bioactive properties. The technological information compiled in this review will help olive oil producers to improve EVOO quality and establish new processes to obtain valuable extracts enriched in polyphenols from byproducts with food ingredient applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Frankel
- Olive Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
A validated method for the determination of selected phenolics in olive oil using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection and a fused-core column. Food Chem 2013; 138:1663-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
83
|
Togna AR, Latina V, Trefiletti G, Guiso M, Moschini S, Togna GI. 1-Phenil-6,7-dihydroxy-isochroman inhibits inflammatory activation of microglia. Brain Res Bull 2013; 95:33-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
84
|
Toxicological evaluation of pure hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:498-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
85
|
Leow SS, Sekaran SD, Tan Y, Sundram K, Sambanthamurthi R. Oil palm phenolics confer neuroprotective effects involving cognitive and motor functions in mice. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 16:207-17. [PMID: 23433062 PMCID: PMC3736891 DOI: 10.1179/1476830512y.0000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Phenolics are important phytochemicals which have positive effects on chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative ailments. The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is a rich source of water-soluble phenolics. This study was carried out to discover the effects of administering oil palm phenolics (OPP) to mice, with the aim of identifying whether these compounds possess significant neuroprotective properties. Methods OPP was given to BALB/c mice on a normal diet as fluids for 6 weeks while the controls were given distilled water. These animals were tested in a water maze and on a rotarod weekly to assess the effects of OPP on cognitive and motor functions, respectively. Using Illumina microarrays, we further explored the brain gene expression changes caused by OPP in order to determine the molecular mechanisms involved. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments were then carried out to validate the microarray data. Results We found that mice given OPP showed better cognitive function and spatial learning when tested in a water maze, and their performance also improved when tested on a rotarod, possibly due to better motor function and balance. Microarray gene expression analysis showed that these compounds up-regulated genes involved in brain development and activity, such as those under the regulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor. OPP also down-regulated genes involved in inflammation. Discussion These results suggest that the improvement of mouse cognitive and motor functions by OPP is caused by the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Sen Leow
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Curcumin prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain of the senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8. Neurochem Int 2013; 62:595-602. [PMID: 23422877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain suffers mitochondrial dysfunction and a reduced availability of energy in the form of ATP, which in turn may cause or promote the decline in cognitive, sensory, and motor function observed with advancing age. There is a need for animal models that display some of the pathological features of human brain aging in order to study their prevention by e.g. dietary factors. We thus investigated the suitability of the fast-aging senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) strain and its normally aging control senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1) as a model for the age-dependent changes in mitochondrial function in the brain. To this end, 2-months old male SAMR1 (n=10) and SAMP8 mice (n=7) were fed a Western type diet (control groups) for 5months and one group of SAMP8 mice (n=6) was fed an identical diet fortified with 500mg curcumin per kg. Dissociated brain cells and brain tissue homogenates were analyzed for malondialdehyde, heme oxygenase-1 mRNA, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP concentrations, protein levels of mitochondrial marker proteins for mitochondrial membranes (TIMM, TOMM), the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (ANT1, VDAC1, TSPO), respiration complexes, and fission and fusion (Fis, Opa1, Mfn1, Drp1). Dissociated brain cells isolated from SAMP8 mice showed significantly reduced MMP and ATP levels, probably due to significantly diminished complex V protein expression, and increased expression of TSPO. Fission and fusion marker proteins indicate enhanced mitochondrial fission in brains of SAMP8 mice. Treatment of SAMP8 mice with curcumin improved MMP and ATP and restored mitochondrial fusion, probably by up-regulating nuclear factor PGC1α protein expression. In conclusion, SAMP8 compared to SAMR1 mice are a suitable model to study age-dependent changes in mitochondrial function and curcumin emerges as a promising nutraceutical for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied or caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
87
|
Abstract
The validation of several micellar LC-based analytical methodologies was described. These methods were able to quantify quinolones in fish from fisheries, hydroxytyrosol in olive extracts and biogenic amines in anchovy sauce. The validation was performed following the requirements of official guides to provide more reliability. Two guides suggested by renowned institution are described: US FDA Guidance for Industry and EU Regulation 2002/657/EC Decision. The appropriate guide was used for each method, depending of the analyte, the matrix and the scope of sample. The calculated validation parameters were those proposed by the guide: selectivity, calibration range, linearity, LOD and LOQ, inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision, limit of decision, detection capability, robustness, recovery and stability. The methodologies were successfully validated by the selected guideline, indicating their suitability to be applied to analysis of real samples, proven to be useful to its intended purpose.
Collapse
|
88
|
Bayram B, Esatbeyoglu T, Schulze N, Ozcelik B, Frank J, Rimbach G. Comprehensive analysis of polyphenols in 55 extra virgin olive oils by HPLC-ECD and their correlation with antioxidant activities. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:326-36. [PMID: 23070730 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed eight phenolic compounds (tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, pinoresinol, and caffeic, ferulic, vanillic, and p-coumaric acid) in 55 mono- and multivarietal extra virgin olive oil samples by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a coulometric electrochemical array detector (ECD). The phenolic profile of olive oil samples differed depending on the geographical origin and olive variety. The total reducing capacity (total phenolics) of olive oils ranged from about 40 to 530 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg oil. Tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and pinoresinol were the most abundant phenolic compounds in olive oils. The antioxidant capacity of the olive oil extracts was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Total reducing capacity was significatly correlated with FRAP (R² = 0.91, p < 0.001) and TEAC (R² = 0.92, p < 0.001) values. Total reducing capacity, TEAC and FRAP values were significantly correlated with tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol as well as oleuropein concentrations. Hydroxytyrosol, comprising over 40 % of total olive oil phenolics, mainly contributed to the antioxidant activity of olive oils. The present study provides a comprehensive database of polyphenols in olive oils from 9 different countries and four continents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bayram
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann Rodewald-Strasse 6, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Guerrero A, De La Cruz J, Muñoz-Marín J, López-Villodres J, Madrona A, Espartero J, González-Correa J. Neuroprotective effect of alkyl hydroxytyrosyl ethers in rat brain slices subjected to a hypoxia-reoxygenation model. Food Chem 2012; 134:2176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
90
|
Treatment of olive mill wastewater by membrane distillation using polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
91
|
Visioli F. Olive oil phenolics: where do we stand? Where should we go? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2017-2019. [PMID: 22549365 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The formulation of an antioxidant/atherosclerosis hypothesis stimulated experimental and epidemiological studies on the possible role of micronutrients, including olive oil phenolics, in the protection from cardiovascular disease observed in the Mediterranean area. This article prospectively summarises our current knowledge of olive phenolics, underscore our gaps in information, and brings forward areas that are, as yet, to be explored.
Collapse
|
92
|
Muñoz-Marín J, De La Cruz JP, Guerrero A, López-Leiva I, López-Villodres JA, Reyes JJ, Espartero JL, Madrona A, Labajos MT, González-Correa JA. Cytoprotective effect of hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ether derivatives after oral administration to rats in a model of glucose-oxygen deprivation in brain slices. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7659-7664. [PMID: 22809331 DOI: 10.1021/jf3007097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether the oral administration of hydroxytyrosol (HT) alkyl ether derivatives has a neuroprotective effect in rats. The animals were treated for 7 days with HT or ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl HT ether. A method of in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation in brain slices was used. Hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl HT derivatives reduced brain cell death (LDH efflux). Lipid peroxidation and nitrite concentrations were inhibited most by hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl derivatives. Concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine were reduced by HT butyl, hexyl, octyl, and dodecyl ether derivatives. Interleukin-1β was significantly reduced in brain slices from rats treated with all HT ether derivatives. LDH efflux showed a linear correlation with brain concentrations of lipid peroxides, nitrites plus nitrates, and interleukin 1β. The reduction in oxidative and nitrosative stress and decreased production of pro-inflammatory interleukins may be the basis for the observed neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Muñoz-Marín
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Rabiei Z, Bigdeli MR, Rasoulian B, Ghassempour A, Mirzajani F. The neuroprotection effect of pretreatment with olive leaf extract on brain lipidomics in rat stroke model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:940-946. [PMID: 22796433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that olive extracts suppress inflammation and reduce stress oxidative injury. We have attempted to determine the effect of dietary olive leaf extract (OLE) on brain lipidomics in rat stroke model. METHODS Five groups, each consisting of 12 male Wistar rats, were studied. First and second groups (control, and sham) received distilled water, while three treatment groups received oral olive leaf extract (OLE) for 30 days (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively). Two hours after the last dose, each main group was subdivided to Middle cerebral artery occlusion-operated and intact subgroup for assessment of neuropathology (neurologic deficit scores and infarct volume), brain lipid analysis and brain glutathione levels, respectively. RESULTS OLE increased the brain cholesterol ester, cholesterol, cerebroside and phosphatidylcholine levels in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day. OLE increased the brain triglyceride levels in doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg/day and OLE reduced the brain ceramide levels in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Although further studies are needed, it seems that the mechanism of OLE-induced ischemic tolerance in rats is partly associated with changes in brain lipids level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rabiei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Schaffer S, Asseburg H, Kuntz S, Muller WE, Eckert GP. Effects of polyphenols on brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease: focus on mitochondria. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:161-78. [PMID: 22706880 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global trend of the phenomenon of population ageing has dramatic consequences on public health and the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiological changes that occur during normal ageing of the brain may exacerbate and initiate pathological processes that may lead to neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, the risk of AD rises exponentially with age. While there is no cure currently available, sufficient intake of certain micronutrients and secondary plant metabolites may prevent disease onset. Polyphenols are highly abundant in the human diet, and several experimental and epidemiological evidences indicate that these secondary plant products have beneficial effects on AD risks. This study reviews current knowledge on the potential of polyphenols and selected polyphenol-rich diets on memory and cognition in human subjects, focusing on recent data showing in vivo efficacy of polyphenols in preventing neurodegenerative events during brain ageing and in dementia. Concentrations of polyphenols in animal brains following oral administration have been consistently reported to be very low, thus eliciting controversial discussion on their neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms. Whether polyphenols exert any direct antioxidant effects in the brain or rather act by evoking alterations in regulatory systems of the brain or even the body periphery is still unclear. To understand the mechanisms behind the protective abilities of polyphenol-rich foods, an overall understanding of the biotransformation of polyphenols and identification of the various metabolites arising in the human body is also urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schaffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 22 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Rodríguez-Gutiérrez G, Duthie GG, Wood S, Morrice P, Nicol F, Reid M, Cantlay LL, Kelder T, Horgan GW, Fernández-Bolaños Guzmán J, de Roos B. Alperujo extract, hydroxytyrosol, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol are bioavailable and have antioxidant properties in vitamin E-deficient rats-a proteomics and network analysis approach. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1137-47. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC); Sevilla Spain
| | - Garry G. Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Wood
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Phil Morrice
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Nicol
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Martin Reid
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Louise L. Cantlay
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kelder
- TNO; Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology; Zeist The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Zbakh H, El Abbassi A. Potential use of olive mill wastewater in the preparation of functional beverages: A review. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
97
|
|
98
|
Serra A, Rubió L, Borràs X, Macià A, Romero MP, Motilva MJ. Distribution of olive oil phenolic compounds in rat tissues after administration of a phenolic extract from olive cake. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:486-96. [PMID: 22183818 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The distribution and accumulation of olive oil phenolic compounds in the body are topics lacked of information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability, metabolism and distribution of phenolic compounds from olive cake. METHODS AND RESULTS The metabolism and distribution of phenolic compounds were examined by UPLC-MS/MS after an acute intake of a phenolic extract from olive cake, analyzing plasma and tissues (heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, testicle and thymus) 1, 2 and 4 h after ingestion using Wistar rats as the in vivo model. The results showed a wide distribution of phenolic compounds and their metabolites in the tissues, with a main detoxification route through the kidneys. Highlighting the quantification of the free forms of some phenolic compounds, such as oleuropein derivative in plasma (Cmax 4 h: 24 nmol/L) and brain (Cmax 2 h: 2.8 nmol/g), luteolin in kidney (Cmax 1 h: 0.04 nmol/g), testicle (Cmax 2 h: 0.07 nmol/g) and heart (Cmax 1 h: 0.47 nmol/g); and hydroxytyrosol in plasma (Cmax 2 h: 5.2 nmol/L), kidney (Cmax 4 h: 3.8 nmol/g) and testicle (Cmax 2 h: 2.7 nmol/g). CONCLUSION After a single ingestion of olive oil phenolic compounds, these were absorbed, metabolized and distributed through the blood stream to practically all parts of the body, even across the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Serra
- Department of Food Technology, XaRTA-UTPV, Escola Técnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Analytical determination of hydroxytyrosol in olive extract samples by micellar liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2011; 129:614-618. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
100
|
Mohagheghi F, Bigdeli MR, Rasoulian B, Hashemi P, Pour MR. The neuroprotective effect of olive leaf extract is related to improved blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema in rat with experimental focal cerebral ischemia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:170-175. [PMID: 21183324 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that olive extracts suppress inflammation and reduce stress oxidative injury. We sought to extend these observations in an in vivo study of rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Four groups, each of 18 Wister rats, were studied. One (control) group received distilled water, while three treatment groups received oral olive leaf extract (50, 75 and 100mg/kg/day respectively). After 30 days, blood lipid profiles were determined, before a 60 min period of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24h reperfusion, neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability were each assessed in subgroups of six animals drawn from each main group. Olive leaf extract reduced the LDL/HDL ratio in doses 50, 75, and 100mg/kg/day in comparison to the control group (P<0.001), and offered cerebroprotection from ischemia-reperfusion. For controls vs. doses of 50mg/kg/day vs. 75 mg/kg/day vs. 100mg/kg/day, attenuated corrected infarct volumes were 209.79 ± 33.05 mm(3) vs. 164.36 ± 13.44 mm(3) vs. 123.06 ± 28.83 mm(3) vs. 94.71 ± 33.03 mm(3); brain water content of the infarcted hemisphere 82.33 ± 0.33% vs. 81.33 ± 0.66% vs. 80.75 ± 0.6% vs. 80.16 ± 0.47%, and blood-brain barrier permeability of the infarcted hemisphere 11.22 ± 2.19 μg/g vs. 9.56 ± 1.74 μg/g vs. 6.99 ± 1.48 μg/g vs. 5.94 ± 1.73 μg/g tissue (P<0.05 and P<0.01 for measures in doses 75 and 100mg/kg/day vs. controls respectively). Oral administration of olive leaf extract reduces infarct volume, brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and improves neurologic deficit scores after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|