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Comparative Evaluation of the Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Potentials of Olive Leaves from 32 Cultivars Grown in China. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041292. [PMID: 35209081 PMCID: PMC8878581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Olives (Olea europaea L.) are a significant part of the agroindustry in China. Olive leaves, the most abundant by-products of the olive and olive oil industry, contain bioactive compounds that are beneficial to human health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacities of olive leaves from 32 cultivars grown in China. A total of 32 phytochemical compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry, including 17 flavonoids, five iridoids, two hydroxycinnamic acids, six triterpenic acids, one simple phenol, and one coumarin. Specifically, olive leaves were found to be excellent sources of flavonoids (4.92–18.29 mg/g dw), iridoids (5.75–33.73 mg/g dw), and triterpenic acids (15.72–35.75 mg/g dw), and considerable variations in phytochemical content were detected among the different cultivars. All tested cultivars were classified into three categories according to their oil contents for further comparative phytochemicals assessment. Principal component analysis indicated that the investigated olive cultivars could be distinguished based upon their phytochemical profiles and antioxidant capacities. The olive leaves obtained from the low-oil-content (<16%) cultivars exhibited higher levels of glycosylated flavonoids and iridoids, while those obtained from high-oil-content (>20%) cultivars contained mainly triterpenic acids in their compositions. Correspondingly, the low-oil-content cultivars (OL3, Frantoio selection and OL14, Huaou 5) exhibited the highest ABTS antioxidant activities (758.01 ± 16.54 and 710.64 ± 14.58 mg TE/g dw, respectively), and OL9 (Olea europaea subsp. Cuspidata isolate Yunnan) and OL3 exhibited the highest ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay values (1228.29 ± 23.95 mg TE/g dw and 1099.99 ± 14.30 mg TE/g dw, respectively). The results from this study may be beneficial to the comprehensive evaluation and utilization of bioactive compounds in olive leaves.
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52
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Deferasirox pyridine solvate and its Cu(II) complex: Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, antimicrobial assays and antioxidant activity. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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53
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Moreno-García KL, Antunes-Ricardo M, Martínez-Ávila M, Milán-Carrillo J, Guajardo-Flores D. Evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by-product extracts obtained by supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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54
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Inami K, Minami H, Hayashi T, Okayama Y, Mochizuki M. Synthesis and Radical Scavenging Activity of Substituted Dihydrobenzofuran-5-ols. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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55
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Hoa NT, Ngoc Van LT, Vo QV. The hydroperoxyl antiradical activity of natural hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in physiological environments: the effects of pH values on rate constants. RSC Adv 2022; 12:15115-15122. [PMID: 35702430 PMCID: PMC9115882 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02311c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum chemistry calculations suggest that hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives are good natural antioxidants in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | | | - Quan V. Vo
- The University of Danang – University of Technology and Education, Danang 550000, Vietnam
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Vo QV, Hoa NT, Thong NM, Mechler A. The hydroperoxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in physiological environments: Theoretical insights into mechanisms and kinetics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112968. [PMID: 34598044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The HOO• and O2•- scavenging activities of 12 natural anthocyanidins were investigated in physiological environments by using DFT calculations. The results suggest high HOO• scavenging activity in aqueous medium with overall rate constants in the range of koverall = 1.58 × 108 - 7.59 × 109 M-1 s-1, whereas in lipid medium only weak activity is predicted. O2•- scavenging is also fast in water with kapp = ∼109 M-1 s-1. Like in the case of many other antioxidants that contain acidic moieties, the anion states (H3A- and H2A2-) and the single electron transfer mechanism play a dominant role in the HOO• scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in water at pH = 7.4. Analysis of the mechanism suggests that the O2•- and HOO• radical scavenging can occur as a regeneration cycle that might increase the protective efficiency of anthocyanidins against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Thong
- The University of Danang, Campus in Kon Tum, 704 Phan Dinh Phung, Kon Tum, Viet Nam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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57
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Şeker Karatoprak G, Yücel Aşık Ç, Çakır A, Köngül Şafak E. In vitro pharmacological screening of antioxidant, cytotoxic and enzyme inhibitory activities of Citrus aurantifolia Linn. Dried fruit extract. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:991-1000. [PMID: 31928230 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1714558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Lime Basra (Citrus aurantifolia Linn., Rutaceae) plant also known as dried lime, and Limoo Omani, is used both as a spice in meals and as an herbal tea in the treatment of some diseases in the Middle East. It was aimed to determine the biological activity screening of the 70% methanol, ethanol extracts and infusion which were prepared from dried fruits. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+●) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing activity, cytotoxicity on A 549, MCF 7 and L929 cell lines and α-amylase inhibitory effects were determined. According to the results, 70% methanol extract was more active in antioxidant activity tests and ethanol extract was more active in cytotoxicity tests. Interestingly both 70% methanol and ethanol extracts were found to have potent hypoglycemic activity. The present findings shed light on the fact that it is important to research and scientifically evaluate plants with traditional medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Çiğdem Yücel Aşık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Çakır
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Köngül Şafak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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58
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Konopko A, Litwinienko G. Unexpected Role of pH and Microenvironment on the Antioxidant and Synergistic Activity of Resveratrol in Model Micellar and Liposomal Systems. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1698-1709. [PMID: 34842421 PMCID: PMC8822491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Experimental and
theoretical studies indicate that resveratrol
(RSV, dietary polyphenol that effectively reduces cellular oxidative
stress) is a good scavenger of hydroxyl, alkoxyl, and peroxyl radicals
in homogeneous systems. However, the role of RSV as a chain-breaking
antioxidant is still questioned. Here, we describe pH dependent effectiveness
of RSV as an inhibitor of peroxidation of methyl linoleate in Triton
X-100 micelles and in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(DMPC) liposomes, with the best effectiveness at pH 6 (stoichiometric
factors, n, are 4.9 and 5.6, and the rate constants
for reaction with peroxyl radicals, kinh, are 1200 and 3300 M–1 s–1 in
micellar and liposomal systems, respectively). We propose the mechanism
in which RSV-derived radicals are coupled to dimers with recovered
ability to trap lipidperoxyl radicals. The formation of such dimers
is facilitated due to increased local concentration of RSV at the
lipid–water interface. Good synergy of RSV with α-tocopherol
analogue in micelles and liposomes is in contrast to the previously
reported lack of synergy in non-polar solvents; however, the increased
persistency of tocopheroxyl radicals in dispersed lipid/water systems
and proximal localization of both antioxidants greatly facilitate
the possible recovery of α-TOH by RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Konopko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel R. The Modulatory Influence of Plant-Derived Compounds on Human Keratinocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12488. [PMID: 34830374 PMCID: PMC8618348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a rich source of secondary metabolites with numerous properties, including the potential to modify keratinocyte biology. Keratinocytes are important epithelial cells that play a protective role against various chemical, physical and biological stimuli, and participate in reactive oxygen scavenging and inflammation and wound healing processes. The epidermal cell response may be modulated by phytochemicals via changes in signal transduction pathways. Plant extracts and single secondary compounds can possess a high antioxidant capacity and may suppress reactive oxygen species release, inhibit pro-apoptotic proteins and apoptosis and activate antioxidant enzymes in keratinocytes. Moreover, selected plant extracts and single compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and exposure may result in limited production of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes. In addition, plant extracts and single compounds may promote keratinocyte motility and proliferation via the regulation of growth factor production and enhance wound healing. While such plant compounds may modulate keratinocyte functions, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed on their mechanisms of action, and more specific toxicity and clinical studies are needed to ensure their effectiveness and safety for use on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Chair of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Ignatianum Academy in Cracow, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
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Antioxidant Activity of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. Stem Bark Fraction in an Iron Overload Model. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112683. [PMID: 34828960 PMCID: PMC8620336 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., popularly known as “barbatimão”, is a plant species traditionally used by topical and oral routes for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Considering the well-described antioxidant properties of this species, this study investigated the protective effects of its keto-aqueous extract using an in vitro model of iron overload. Phenolic compounds were quantified and identified by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-qTOF-MS/MS) in positive and negative ions mode analysis. Antioxidant activity was analyzed following the iron-chelating–reducing capacity and deoxyribose degradation (2-DR) protection methods. The analysis identified condensed tannins (54.8 mg catechin/g dry fraction (DF), polyphenols (25 mg gallic acid/g DF), and hydrolyzable tannins (28.8 mg tannic acid/g DF). Among the constituents, prodelphinidin, procyanidin, and prorobinetinidine were isolated and identified. The extract significantly protected 2-DR degradation induced by Fe2+ (72% protection) or •OH (43% protection). The ortho-phenanthroline test revealed Fe2+-chelating and Fe3+-reducing activities of 93% and 84%, respectively. A preliminary toxicological analysis using Artemia salina revealed mortality below 10%, at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, indicating low toxicity under the present experimental conditions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is a source of antioxidant compounds with the potential to be used in drug development in the context of iron overload disorders, which remains to be further investigated in vivo.
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61
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Ordoñez ME, Borges VS, Souza AC, Ferreira LR, Costa FM, Melo FP, Vale JK, Borges RS. Molecular modifications on β-nitro-styrene derivatives increase their antioxidant capacities. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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62
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Vorobyev SV, Primerova OV, Bylikin SY, Koshelev VN. Lactamomethylation of alkylphenols: Synthesis and quantum-chemical study of the reaction pathway. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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63
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Phenolic Composition and Biological Properties of Rhus microphylla and Myrtillocactus geometrizans Fruit Extracts. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102010. [PMID: 34685819 PMCID: PMC8538312 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants from arid zones of Mexico are an interesting source of phytochemicals that exhibit a large number of biological properties. In this context, Rhus microphylla (Rm) and Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mg) fruits have been used as folk remedies and to make traditional foods, respectively; however, studies on their composition and bioactivity are limited. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the yields, phenolic composition, and bioactive properties (scavenging and reducing capacities, antiproliferative, and antifungal) of aqueous and hydroalcohol extracts of Rm and Mg fruits obtained by conventional agitation and ohmic heating (OH). The results showed that the Rm fruit extracts had the highest total phenolic content (TPC) values and the strongest scavenging and reducing capacities compared to those of Mg fruits, being characterized by the presence of gallic acid, while the composition of the Mg extracts varied with respect to the extraction conditions used. Regarding antifungal activity in vitro against two phytopathogenic fungi, Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium oxysporum, the hydroalcohol extracts obtained by conventional agitation of both plants (RmH-C and MgH-C) showed the best inhibitory effect, respectively. Interestingly, none of the extracts under study presented cytotoxicity against the noncancerous ARPE-19 cell line, while three extracts of Rm fruit exhibited a moderate antiproliferative activity against HeLa (cancerous) cell line. These findings reveal for the first time the potential of Rm and Mg fruits as a new source of bioactive compounds for future industrial applications.
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64
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Munekata PES, Pateiro M, Bellucci ERB, Domínguez R, da Silva Barretto AC, Lorenzo JM. Strategies to increase the shelf life of meat and meat products with phenolic compounds. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 98:171-205. [PMID: 34507642 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative reactions and microbial growth are the main processes involved in the loss of quality in meat products. Although the use of additives to improve the shelf life is a common practice in the meat industry, the current trends among consumers are pushing the researchers and professionals of the meat industry to reformulate meat products. Polyphenols are compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity naturally found in several plants, fruits, and vegetables that can be used in the production of extracts and components in active packaging to improve the shelf life of meat products. This chapter aims to discuss the advances in terms of (1) encapsulation techniques to protect phenolic compounds; (2) production of active and edible packages rich on phenolic compounds; (3) use of phenolic-rich additives (free or encapsulated form) with non-thermal technologies to improve the shelf life of meat products; and (4) use of active packaging rich on phenolic compounds on meat products. Innovative strategies to encapsulated polyphenols and produce films are mainly centered in the use of innovative and emerging technologies (such as ultrasound and supercritical fluids). Moreover, the combined use of polyphenols and non-thermal technologies is a relevant approach to improve the shelf life of meat products, especially using high pressure processing. In terms of application of innovative films, nanomaterials have been largely explored and indicated as relevant strategy to preserve meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E S Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
| | | | - José M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Ourense, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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65
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Density functional theory studies of the antioxidants-a review. J Mol Model 2021; 27:271. [PMID: 34463834 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The following review article attempts to compare the antioxidant activity of the compounds. For this purpose, density functional theory/Becke three-parameter Lee-Yang-Parr (DFT/B3LYP) methodology was carried out instead of using pharmacological methodologies because of economic benefits and high accuracy. This methodology filtrates the compounds with the lowest antioxidant activity. At first, the Koopmans' theorem was carried out to calculate some descriptors to compare antioxidants. The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) was accepted as the best indicator, and then some studies confirmed that the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) energy gap is the more precise descriptor. Although it would be better to compare spin density distribution (SDD) on the oxygen of the corresponding radical in the polarizable continuum model (PCM) to evaluate their capability to chain reaction inhibition. Next, it was mentioned that in the multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs), the antioxidant is connected to other moieties in para positions to create better antioxidants or novel hybrid compounds. Indeed, SDD was introduced as a descriptor for MTDL antioxidant effectiveness. Then, the relation between antioxidants and aromaticity was investigated. The more the aromaticity of an antioxidant, the more stable the corresponding radical is. Subsequently, in preferred antioxidant activity, it was defined that the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism is more favored in metabolism phase I. It has been seen that the solvent model can change the antioxidant mechanism. Therefore, the solvent model is more important than the chemical structure of antioxidants, and an ideal antioxidant should be evaluated in PCM for pharmacological evaluations.
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66
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A Statistically Supported Antioxidant Activity DFT Benchmark-The Effects of Hartree-Fock Exchange and Basis Set Selection on Accuracy and Resources Uptake. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165058. [PMID: 34443645 PMCID: PMC8398206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds are now widely studied using computational chemistry approaches, the most popular of which is Density Functional Theory. To ease this process, it is critical to identify the optimal level of theory in terms of both accuracy and resource usage—a challenge we tackle in this study. Eleven DFT functionals with varied Hartree–Fock exchange values, both global and range-separated hybrids, were combined with 14 differently augmented basis sets to calculate the reactivity indices of caffeic acid, a phenolic acid representative, and compare them to experimental data or a high-level of theory outcome. Aside from the main course, a validation of the widely used Janak’s theorem in the establishment of vertical ionization potential and vertical electron affinity was evaluated. To investigate what influences the values of the properties under consideration, linear regression models were developed and thoroughly discussed. The results were utilized to compute the scores, which let us determine the best and worst combinations and make broad suggestions on the final option. The study demonstrates that M06–2X/6–311G(d,p) is the best fit for such research, and, curiously, it is not necessarily essential to include a diffuse function to produce satisfactory results.
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Szewczyk A, Kwiecień I, Grabowski M, Rajek K, Cavò E, Taviano MF, Miceli N. Phenylalanine Increases the Production of Antioxidant Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba Cell Cultures. Molecules 2021; 26:4965. [PMID: 34443552 PMCID: PMC8400538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant properties, to investigate the content of major secondary metabolites in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures, and to determine the change in the production of phenolic acids by adding phenylalanine to the culture medium. Three in vitro methods, which depend on different mechanisms, were used for assessing the antioxidant activity of the extract: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), reducing power and Fe2+ chelating activity assays. The extract showed moderate activity both in the DPPH and in the reducing power assays (IC50 = 1.966 ± 0.058 mg/mL; ASE/mL = 16.31 ± 1.20); instead, it was found to possess good chelating properties reaching approximately 70% activity at the highest tested dose. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, and condensed tannin content of G. biloba cell culture extract was spectrophotometrically determined. The phenolic acid content was investigated by RP-HPLC, and the major metabolites-protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids-were isolated and investigated by 1H NMR. The results showed that phenylalanine added to G. biloba cell cultures at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/150 mL increased the production of phenolic acids. Cultures that were grown for 3 weeks and collected after 4 days of phenylalanine supplementation at high concentration showed maximal content of phenolic acids (73.76 mg/100 g DW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Grabowski
- SSG of Medicinal Plants and Mushroom Biotechnology Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Karolina Rajek
- SSG of Medicinal Plants and Mushroom Biotechnology Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (M.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Emilia Cavò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (M.F.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (M.F.T.); (N.M.)
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.C.); (M.F.T.); (N.M.)
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Anbazhakan K, Praveena R, Sadasivam K. Theoretical insight on antioxidant potency of kanzakiflavone-2 and its derivatives. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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69
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Bahadori MB, Zengin G, Eskandani M, Zali A, Sadoughi MM, Ayatollahi SA. Determination of phenolics composition, antioxidant activity, and therapeutic potential of Golden marguerite (Cota tinctoria). JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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70
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Zouchoune B. Theoretical investigation on the biological activities of ginger and some of its combinations: an overview of the antioxidant activity. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Daoust L, Pilon G, Marette A. Perspective: Nutritional Strategies Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Mitigate COVID-19 Outcomes. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1074-1086. [PMID: 33783468 PMCID: PMC8083677 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a year has passed since the first reported case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection in the city of Wuhan in China's Hubei Province. Until now, few antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) or drugs that target inflammatory complications associated with SARS-CoV2 infection have been considered safe by public health authorities. By the end of November 2020, this crisis had led to >1 million deaths and revealed the high susceptibility of people with pre-existing comorbidities (e.g., obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension) to suffer from a severe form of the disease. Elderly people have also been found to be highly susceptible to SARS-CoV2 infection and morbidity. Gastrointestinal manifestations and gut microbial alterations observed in SARS-CoV2-infected hospitalized patients have raised awareness of the potential role of intestinal mechanisms in increasing the severity of the disease. It is therefore critically important to find alternative or complementary approaches, not only to prevent or treat the disease, but also to reduce its growing societal and economic burden. In this review, we explore potential nutritional strategies that implicate the use of polyphenols, probiotics, vitamin D, and ω-3 fatty acids with a focus on the gut microbiome, and that could lead to concrete recommendations that are easily applicable to both vulnerable people with pre-existing metabolic comorbidities and the elderly, but also to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Daoust
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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72
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Lewińska A, Kulbacka J, Domżał-Kędzia M, Witwicki M. Antiradical Properties of N-Oxide Surfactants-Two in One. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158040. [PMID: 34360806 PMCID: PMC8346996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are molecules that lower surface or interfacial tension, and thus they are broadly used as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, or dispersants. However, for modern applications, substances that can perform more than one function are desired. In this study we evaluated antioxidant properties of two homological series of N-oxide surfactants: monocephalic 3-(alkanoylamino)propyldimethylamine-N-oxides and dicephalic N,N-bis[3,3′-(dimethylamino)propyl]alkylamide di-N-oxides. Their antiradical properties were tested against stable radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopy. The experimental investigation was supported by theoretical density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio modeling of the X–H bonds dissociation enthalpies, ionization potentials, and Gibbs free energies for radical scavenging reactions. The evaluation was supplemented with a study of biological activity. We found that the mono- and di-N-oxides are capable of scavenging reactive radicals; however, the dicephalic surfactants are more efficient than their linear analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (M.W.)
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73
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Flieger J, Flieger W, Baj J, Maciejewski R. Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4135. [PMID: 34361329 PMCID: PMC8347950 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
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74
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Mikołajczak N, Tańska M, Ogrodowska D. Phenolic compounds in plant oils: A review of composition, analytical methods, and effect on oxidative stability. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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75
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Sánchez-Velázquez OA, Mulero M, Cuevas-Rodríguez EO, Mondor M, Arcand Y, Hernández-Álvarez AJ. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion impact on stability, bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from wild and commercial blackberries (Rubus spp.). Food Funct 2021; 12:7358-7378. [PMID: 34180938 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal digestion (GID) is a physiological process that transforms the stability, bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity (AOX) of polyphenols from blackberries (Rubus spp.). This study aimed to investigate the effect of the INFOGEST® GID protocol on the phenolic stability, bioaccessibility and AOX of Mexican wild (WB) and commercial (CB) blackberries. After GID, the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents in blackberries decreased by ≥68% and ≥74%, respectively. More than 40 phenolics were identified during GID; most of them degraded completely during digestion. GID had a negative effect on the AOX of both fruits (>50%), but WB showed the highest antioxidant activities, as assessed by the ORAC, DPPH, reducing power and β-carotene bleaching methods. In Caco-2 cells, the cell-based antioxidant activity of digested blackberries (p < 0.05) decreased by 48% in WB and by 56% in CB. The capacity to inhibit intracellular ROS decreased by 50% in WB and by up to 86% in CB, after digestion. GID is a complex process that impacts on the bioactive properties of food nutrients, especially phenolics. In vitro and cellular AOX of WB polyphenols withstood the gastrointestinal environment better than CB phenolics. The in vitro assays results suggest that phenolics from underutilized WB have a higher bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity than the polyphenols from the most frequently consumed CB. However, whether this corresponds to a better bioaccessibility in humans remains to be determined in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Abel Sánchez-Velázquez
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología; Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Av. Josefa Ortíz de Dominguez, s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, PC 80030, Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa, Mexico
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76
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Khalil AAK, Qazi AS, Nasir A, Ahn MJ, Shah MA, Ahmad MS, Sajjad W, Ali T, Naeem M, Shah FA, Khan MTA, Romman M, Shahfiq Ur Rehman, Haider A, Noor R. 2-Methoxy-6-Acetyl-7-Methyljuglone: A Bioactive Phytochemical with Potential Pharmacological Activities. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:687-693. [PMID: 34165415 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210623095636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been the focus of biomedical and pharmaceutical research to develop new therapies in recent years. 2-methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone (2-methoxystypandrone, MAM), a natural bioactive juglone derivative, is known to have various levels of pharmacotherapeutic efficacies as an anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-HIV activity. MAM fights cancer progression by inducing apoptosis, necroptosis, and deregulating signaling pathways through H2O2-induced JNK/iNOS/NO and MAPK, ERK1/2 pathways, JNK activation, and the RIP1/RIP3 complex. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological importance of MAM in the field of drug discovery. Furthermore, this review not only emphasizes the medicinal properties of MAM but also discusses its potential efficacy in future medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Asma Saleem Qazi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6. Canada
| | - Muhammad Saad Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6. Canada
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Romman
- Department of Botany, University of Chitral, Chitral, Pakistan
| | - Shahfiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Rehabilitation, North West Institute of Health Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Raishma Noor
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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77
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Martínez C, Valenzuela JL, Jamilena M. Genetic and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Influencing the Content of Antioxidants in Cucurbit Crops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060894. [PMID: 34199481 PMCID: PMC8228042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae is one of the most economically important plant families, and includes some worldwide cultivated species like cucumber, melons, and squashes, and some regionally cultivated and feral species that contribute to the human diet. For centuries, cucurbits have been appreciated because of their nutritional value and, in traditional medicine, because of their ability to alleviate certain ailments. Several studies have demonstrated the remarkable contents of valuable compounds in cucurbits, including antioxidants such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids, but also tannins and terpenoids, which are abundant. This antioxidant power is beneficial for human health, but also in facing plant diseases and abiotic stresses. This review brings together data on the antioxidant properties of cucurbit species, addressing the genetic and pre- and postharvest factors that regulate the antioxidant content in different plant organs. Environmental conditions, management, storage, and pre- and postharvest treatments influencing the biosynthesis and activity of antioxidants, together with the biodiversity of this family, are determinant in improving the antioxidant potential of this group of species. Plant breeding, as well as the development of innovative biotechnological approaches, is also leading to new possibilities for exploiting cucurbits as functional products.
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78
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Theoretical study of the impact of metal complexation on the reactivity properties of Curcumin and its diacetylated derivative as antioxidant agents. J Mol Model 2021; 27:192. [PMID: 34057657 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical behavior of Curcumin and its derivatives as antioxidant and metal chelator has become the subject of intense experimental research. In this work, a theoretical study was conducted with the aim to investigate whether the acetylation of the aromatic group in Curcumin, which makes it more lipophilic, will alter its biological activities. Also, we selected from the literature metal complexes of Curcumin and its diacetylated derivative with Ga(III) and In(III), in order to discriminate the molecular active sites of the investigated molecules in which the oxidative process occurs and to obtain information about their antioxidation mechanisms. The geometrical structures and electronic properties of these compounds have been obtained using the density functional theory (DFT) method, known for its accurate results. As our other objective is to understand the factors driving biological behavior of all the studied compounds as well as the impact of the metal complexation of Curcumin and its diacetylated derivative, we provided here evidences to explain experimental observations from a molecular reactivity perspective.
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79
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Zagrean-Tuza C, Mot AC, Chmiel T, Bende A, Turcu I. Sugar matters: sugar moieties as reactivity-tuning factors in quercetin O-glycosides. Food Funct 2021; 11:5293-5307. [PMID: 32458896 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in plant-based foods, commonly occurs in nature in various glycosylated forms. There is still a less explored aspect regarding the cause of diversity of its glycosides, depending on the sugar moiety attached. This work focuses on four wide-spread quercetin glycosides-hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin and rutin-by testing the property-tuning capacity of different sugar moieties and thus explains and predicts some of their functions in plant-based foods. The electron paramagnetic spectra of the semiquinone anion radicals of these glycosides were interpreted in terms of hyperfine coupling constants and linewidths, highlighting a clear link between spin density trends, the identity of the bound sugar, and their reactivity corroborated with their modelled structures. Redox potential and lipophilicity were connected to a specific flavonoid-enzyme interaction and correlated with their prooxidant reactivity assessed by oxidation of ferrous hemoglobin. Hyperoside and isoquercitin-galactose and glucose glycosides-exhibit the highest prooxidant reactivity owing to their lowest redox potential and lipophilicity whereas rutin and quercitrin-rutinose and rhamnose glycosides-behave vice versa. The ability of the tested glycosides to undergo HAT or SET-type reactions has also been tested using five different analytical assays, including inhibition of cytochrome c-triggered liposome peroxidation. In most cases, rutin proved to be the most unreactive of the four tested glycosides considering either steric or redox reasons whereas the reactivity hierarchy of the other three glycosides were rather assay dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezara Zagrean-Tuza
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. and Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin C Mot
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Tomasz Chmiel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Attila Bende
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioan Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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80
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Tunicate-inspired polyallylamine-based hydrogels for wet adhesion: A comparative study of catechol- and gallol-functionalities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:143-155. [PMID: 34058550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Functional adhesives with excellent adhesive strength in wet as well as dry environments are actively studied for various applications. In particular, the adhesion mechanism of marine organisms has been imitated to achieve strong adhesion in wet environments. EXPERIMENTS Polyallylamine (PAA) was modified with catechol groups (CA), which mimic the mussel adhesion proteins, and gallol groups (GA) found in tunicates to compare the gelation, self-healing, and adhesive properties of the modified polymers according to pH change. The effect of the Schiff base formation and antioxidant capacity exerted by polyphenolic groups were investigated by comparing the self-healing behaviors of the two hydrogels. Furthermore, the wet adhesion and antibacterial properties of the PAA-CA and PAA-GA hydrogels were evaluated in terms of the synergistic effects of the amino groups and catechol or gallol groups. FINDINGS The self-crosslinkable PAA-CA and PAA-GA hydrogels showed high self-healing ability owing to these dynamic imine bonds. Furthermore, the PAA-based hydrogels showed higher adhesive strength in wet environments than in dry environments owing to the synergism between the catechol or gallol groups and amino groups. Overall, the PAA-GA hydrogels are superior to the PAA-CA ones, indicating that gallol-functionalized hydrogels have great potential as multifunctional adhesives.
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81
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Li Z, Yang J, Shang B, Agathokleous E, Rubert-Nason KF, Xu Y, Feng Z. Nonlinear responses of foliar phenylpropanoids to increasing O 3 exposure: Ecological implications in a Populus model system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144358. [PMID: 33429270 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenolic compounds (phenylpropanoids) act as defense chemicals against herbivores and can mediate ecosystem processes. Tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution alters concentrations of plant phenolics; however, little is known about how these phytochemicals respond to different levels of O3 exposure. Here, we investigated the effects of five different O3 exposure levels on foliar concentrations of phenylpropanoids (53 compounds in total) and antioxidative capacity in hybrid Populus (Populus euramericana cv. '74/76') saplings grown in the presence of high or low soil nitrogen (N) load. Increasing O3 exposure initially increased and then decreased total concentrations of phenolic compounds, revealing a biphasic exposure-response profile (hormetic zone: 1.1-36.3 ppm h AOT40). This biphasic response pattern was driven by changes in a subset of phenylpropanoids with high antioxidative capacity (e.g. condensed tannins) but not in phenolics with low antioxidative capacity (e.g. salicinoids). The O3 exposure-response relationships of some phenylpropanoids (e.g. flavonoids and chlorogenic acids) varied in response to soil N, with hormesis occurring in high N soil but not in low N soil. Collectively, our findings indicated that plant phenolic compounds exhibit nonlinear responses to increasing O3 exposure, and that the responses vary in relation to phenolic compound class, antioxidative capacity, and soil nitrogen conditions. Our findings further suggest that the impact of O3 on ecological processes mediated by phenolics will be concentration-dependent, highlighting the complexity of the ecological effects of ground-level O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bo Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | | | - Yansen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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82
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Osipova V, Polovinkina M, Gracheva Y, Shpakovsky D, Osipova A, Berberova N. Antioxidant activity of some organosulfur compounds in vitro. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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83
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de Souza Silva AP, Rosalen PL, de Camargo AC, Lazarini JG, Rocha G, Shahidi F, Franchin M, de Alencar SM. Inajá oil processing by-product: A novel source of bioactive catechins and procyanidins from a Brazilian native fruit. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110353. [PMID: 34053546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Agro-industrial activities generate large amounts of solid residues, which are generally discarded or used as animal feed. Interestingly, some of these by-products could serve as natural sources of bioactive compounds with great potential for industrial exploitation. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from the pulp residue (oil processing by-product) of inajá (Maximiliana maripa, a native species found in the Brazilian Amazon). The antioxidant properties of the optimized extract and its phenolic profile by high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS) were further determined. Central composite rotatable design and statistical analysis demonstrated that the temperature of 70 °C and 50% (v/v) ethanol concentration improved the extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. The optimized extract also showed scavenging activity against the ABTS radical cation and reactive oxygen species (ROS; peroxyl and superoxide radical, and hypochlorous acid). Moreover, the optimized extract was able to reduce NF-κB activation and TNF-α release, which are modulated by ROS. Flavan-3-ols were the major phenolics present in the optimized extract. Collectively, our findings support the use of inajá cake as a new source of bioactive catechins and procyanidins. This innovative approach adds value to this agro-industrial by-product in the functional food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and/or cosmetic industries and complies with the circular economy agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paula de Souza Silva
- Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josy Goldoni Lazarini
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rocha
- Citróleo Industry and Commerce of Essential Oils, LTDA, Research, Development and Innovation Department, Torrinha, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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84
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Rangaraj VM, Rambabu K, Banat F, Mittal V. Effect of date fruit waste extract as an antioxidant additive on the properties of active gelatin films. Food Chem 2021; 355:129631. [PMID: 33799252 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, date-fruit syrup waste extract (DSWE) was used as an antioxidant additive to develop active gelatin films with enhanced food preservation properties. The effect of DSWE content (5, 10, 15, and 25 wt%) on the mechanical, physical, and antioxidant properties of the gelatin films were analyzed. Total phenolic content and antioxidant assay analysis revealed that the active compounds in blend films are highly migrated to the aqueous phase than the fatty medium. In the canola oil stability studies, gelatin/25 wt% DSWE film immersed oil sample exhibited low peroxide (POV) and p-anisidine (PV) values of 28.6 and 7.1, respectively, compared to the control oil (POV = 41.7 and PV = 13.1) in the air atmosphere and 45 °C for 30 days. Totox values of canola oil samples were decreased as a function of DSWE content in the films, indicating that polyphenols in DSWE are significantly resistant to oil's lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengatesan M Rangaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PI Campus, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PI Campus, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PI Campus, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Vikas Mittal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PI Campus, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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85
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Kerbadou RM, Hadjadj Aoul R, Benmaati A, Taleb A, Hacini S, Habib Zahmani H. Identification of new biologically active synthetic molecules: comparative experimental and theoretical studies on the structure-antioxidant activity relationship of cyclic 1,3-ketoamides. J Mol Model 2021; 27:109. [PMID: 33742261 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant agent is a chemical that prevents the oxidation of other chemical substances. Its use is the most effective means of protecting the organism by neutralizing the harmful effects of free radicals caused by oxidative stress. In the present work, a series of β-ketoamides containing a variety of monosubstituted amide groups were synthesized and tested as antioxidant agents. In order to establish a possible structure-antioxidant activity relationship, we are presenting a systematic theoretical study of these molecules with the aim of clarifying the active sites. In particular, we discuss the selectivity resulting from the choice of a free radical/antioxidant system. The theoretical study of these molecules was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory. In order to shed light on the antioxidant properties of β-ketoamides, O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs), ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), proton affinities (PAs), and electron transfer enthalpies (ETEs) are performed in the gas phase and in ethanol. The results obtained show that the HAT mechanism is thermodynamically more favored in the gas phase, while the SPLET is preferred in the polar solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riad Mustapha Kerbadou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine LCF, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP-1524-Menouar, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Ratiba Hadjadj Aoul
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine LCF, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP-1524-Menouar, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Aouicha Benmaati
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine LCF, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP-1524-Menouar, 31000, Oran, Algeria.,Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Oran Maurice Audin, ENPO-MA, BP-1523-Menouar, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Assya Taleb
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine LCF, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP-1524-Menouar, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Salih Hacini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine LCF, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP-1524-Menouar, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Hadjira Habib Zahmani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Fine LCF, Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, BP-1524-Menouar, 31000, Oran, Algeria.
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86
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Antioxidant and antimicrobial material by grafting of L-arginine onto enzymatic poly(gallic acid). MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111650. [PMID: 33579431 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-mediated grafting of L-Arg onto naturally derived and stable multiradical poly(gallic acid) (PGAL) in aqueous media has been successfully achieved. This polymeric material has no adverse effect in human cells as there is no hemolytic activity upon MTT and Neutral Red assays. The analytical and computational characterization studies carried out in this study describe a helical molecular structure with random incorporation of L-Arginine pendant groups from PGAL's backbone. The antioxidant properties of the precursor polymer are preserved as proved by the elimination of stable DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging, as well as the FRAP and ORAC assays. Regarding the latter, the oxygen radical inhibition is enhanced compared to PGAL, which is attributed to the guanidyl moieties. PGAL-g-L-Arg displays antimicrobial activity against Gram (+) Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus strains with a MIC of 0.8 g/L and a bacteriostatic effect against Gram (-) Escherichia coli. Additionally, scanning electron and confocal fluorescence microscopies as well as crystal violet colorimetric assay demonstrate that the mechanism involved in the bacterial inhibition is related to the formation of porous channels on the membrane, which is discussed according to the helical secondary structure of the polymer and the amino acid guanidyl moieties interacting to bacterial membranes.
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87
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Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Ferulic acid promotes muscle glucose uptake and modulate dysregulated redox balance and metabolic pathways in ferric-induced pancreatic oxidative injury. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13641. [PMID: 33555086 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The antidiabetic properties of ferulic acid and its protective role against Fe2+ -induced oxidative pancreatic injury were investigated in this study using in vitro and ex vivo models. Induction of oxidative injury in the pancreas was achieved by incubating normal pancreatic tissue with 0.1 mM FeSO4 and treated by co-incubating with different concentrations of ferulic acid for 30 min at 37°C. Ferulic acid inhibited the activities of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase significantly (p < .05) and promoted glucose uptake in isolated rat psoas muscles. Induction of oxidative pancreatic injury caused significant (p < .05) depletion of glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities, as well as elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, acetylcholinesterase and chymotrypsin activities. Treatment of tissues with ferulic acid significantly (p < .05) reversed these levels and activities. LC-MS analysis of the extracted metabolites revealed 25% depletion of the normal metabolites with concomitant generation of m-Chlorohippuric acid, triglyceride, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, and ganglioside GM1 in oxidative-injured pancreatic tissues. Treatment with ferulic acid restored uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid and adenosine tetraphosphate and generated P1,P4-Bis(5'-uridyl) tetraphosphate and L-Homocysteic acid, while totally inactivating oxidative-generated metabolites. Ferulic acid also inactivated oxidative-activated pathways, with concomitant reactivation of nucleotide sugars metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and rostenedione metabolism, estrone metabolism, androgen and estrogen metabolism, porphyrin metabolism, and purine metabolism pathways. Taken together, our results indicate the antidiabetic and protective potential of ferulic acid as depicted by its ability to facilitate muscle glucose uptake, inhibit carbohydrate and lipid hydrolyzing enzymes, and modulate oxidative-mediated dysregulated metabolisms. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There have been increasing concerns on the side effects associated with the use of synthetic antidiabetic drug, coupled with their expenses particularly in developing countries. This has necessitated continuous search for alternative treatments especially from natural products having less or no side effects and are readily available. Ferulic acid is among the common phenolics commonly found in fruits and vegetables. In this present study, ferulic acid was able to attenuate oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, and proteolysis in oxidative pancreatic injury, as well as inhibit carbohydrate digesting enzymes. Thus, indicating the ability of the phenolic to protect against complications linked to diabetes. Crops rich in ferulic acid maybe beneficial in managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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88
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Luo D, Mu T, Sun H. Profiling of phenolic acids and flavonoids in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves and evaluation of their anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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89
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Sumayya P, Babu GM, Muraleedharan K. Quantum chemical investigation of the antiradical property of avenanthramides, oat phenolics. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06125. [PMID: 33553778 PMCID: PMC7859309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Avenanthramides (AVs) are polyphenolic components found in oats. The present work is devoted to the exploration of structure-based radical scavenging activity of nine AVs; 2p, 2f, 2c, 1p, 1c, 1f, 1s, 2s, and 3f, using M06-2X functional level of density functional theory with basis set 6-31+G(d, p) both in gas and ethanol medium. The act of compounds towards the electron transfer mechanism was analyzed with the help of a Donor-acceptor map (DAM) and classified as antioxidants and anti-reductants. The main mechanism of radical action, HAT, SET-PT, and SPLET were examined and found to be the preference of HAT and SPLET respectively in the gas phase and ethanol medium. The computed quantum mechanical atom in molecule (QTAIM) parameters; the intramolecular H-bonding, Noncovalent interactions, aromaticity also acted as pillars to supports the activity of compounds. The activity was found to be increasing with the stabilizing group ortho to the reactive phenolic OH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.C. Sumayya
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, India
| | - Godsa Merin Babu
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, India
| | - K. Muraleedharan
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, India
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90
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From Green Technology to Functional Olive Oils: Assessing the Best Combination of Olive Tree-Related Extracts with Complementary Bioactivities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020202. [PMID: 33573339 PMCID: PMC7912092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the combination of olive tree-related extracts with the most favorable profile of in vitro bioactive properties. We tested the antioxidant (increment of low-density lipoprotein resistance against oxidation), vasoactive (promotion of nitric oxide release and decrease of endothelin-1 production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells), anti-inflammatory (decrease of the endothelial production of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1), and antithrombotic (reduction of the endothelial release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) capacities of six phenolic extracts and three triterpenic acid solutions (Ps and Ts, respectively). We tested extracts alone and in combination, at nutritional (Ps: 0.05–0.5 μmol/L; Ts: 0.001–0.1 μmol/L) and nutraceutical doses (Ps: 1–10 μmol/L; Ts: 0.25–10 μmol/L). The combination of Ps rich in 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (76%, P2), hydroxytyrosol (95%, P3), and oleuropein (70%, P4) (final nutritional concentration: 0.15 μmol/L; final nutraceutical concentration: 3 μmol/L) was the best in order to prepare functional products and nutraceuticals with cardioprotective properties, despite the fact that the isolated extract with the greatest in vitro properties was P5 (75% oleocanthal), suggesting a potential synergistic effect among different olive components.
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91
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Campora M, Francesconi V, Schenone S, Tasso B, Tonelli M. Journey on Naphthoquinone and Anthraquinone Derivatives: New Insights in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:33. [PMID: 33466332 PMCID: PMC7824805 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, and functional decline leading to dementia and death. AD imposes neuronal death by the intricate interplay of different neurochemical factors, which continue to inspire the medicinal chemist as molecular targets for the development of new agents for the treatment of AD with diverse mechanisms of action, but also depict a more complex AD scenario. Within the wide variety of reported molecules, this review summarizes and offers a global overview of recent advancements on naphthoquinone (NQ) and anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives whose more relevant chemical features and structure-activity relationship studies will be discussed with a view to providing the perspective for the design of viable drugs for the treatment of AD. In particular, cholinesterases (ChEs), β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins have been identified as key targets of these classes of compounds, where the NQ or AQ scaffold may contribute to the biological effect against AD as main unit or significant substructure. The multitarget directed ligand (MTDL) strategy will be described, as a chance for these molecules to exhibit significant potential on the road to therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michele Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (V.F.); (S.S.); (B.T.)
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92
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de Souza GLC, Peterson KA. Benchmarking Antioxidant-Related Properties for Gallic Acid through the Use of DFT, MP2, CCSD, and CCSD(T) Approaches. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:198-208. [PMID: 33400511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a benchmark investigation on the O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) and ionization potential (IP) for gallic acid (GA), a widely known polyphenolic antioxidant. These properties were determined in the gas-phase and in water through the use of density functional theory (DFT), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), coupled-cluster with single and double excitations (CCSD), and coupled-cluster with single and double excitations as well as perturbative inclusion of triples (CCSD(T)). The 6-311++G(df,p), cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets were used. Regarding DFT functionals, the M06-2X provided the best agreement for the BDEs when compared to the corresponding CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ results; M06-2X was also found to be the most suitable for probing the IP for the protonated forms of GA while LC-ωPBE was the most reliable in the case of deprotonated GA. Given that these properties represent important descriptors for examining mechanisms related to the antioxidant potential of a given polyphenol, we hope that the present work can serve as a guide for computational chemists venturing in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L C de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kirk A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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93
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Ortiz‐Escarza JM, Medina ME, Trigos A. On the peroxyl radical scavenging ability of β‐sitosterol in lipid media: A theoretical study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel E. Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Mexico
| | - Angel Trigos
- Centro de Investigación en Micología Aplicada Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Mexico
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94
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Antileishmanial Activity of Lignans, Neolignans, and Other Plant Phenols. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:115-176. [PMID: 33797642 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SM) from organisms have served medicinal chemists over the past two centuries as an almost inexhaustible pool of new drugs, drug-like skeletons, and chemical probes that have been used in the "hunt" for new biologically active molecules with a "beneficial effect on human mind and body." Several secondary metabolites, or their derivatives, have been found to be the answer in the quest to search for new approaches to treat or even eradicate many types of diseases that oppress humanity. A special place among SM is occupied by lignans and neolignans. These phenolic compounds are generated biosynthetically via radical coupling of two phenylpropanoid monomers, and are known for their multitarget activity and low toxicity. The disadvantage of the relatively low specificity of phenylpropanoid-based SM turns into an advantage when structural modifications of these skeletons are made. Indeed, phenylpropanoid-based SM previously have proven to offer great potential as a starting point in drug development. Compounds such as Warfarin® (a coumarin-based anticoagulant) as well as etoposide and teniposide (podophyllotoxin-based anticancer drugs) are just a few examples. At the beginning of the third decade of the twenty-first century, the call for the treatment of more than a dozen rare or previously "neglected" diseases remains for various reasons unanswered. Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease that desperately needs new ways of treatment, is just one of these. This disease is caused by more than 20 leishmanial parasites that are pathogenic to humans and are spread by as many as 800 sandfly species across subtropical areas of the world. With continuing climate changes, the presence of Leishmania parasites and therefore leishmaniasis, the disease caused by these parasites, is spreading from previous locations to new areas. Thus, leishmaniasis is affecting each year a larger proportion of the world's population. The choice of appropriate leishmaniasis treatment depends on the severity of the disease and its form of manifestation. The success of current drug therapy is often limited, due in most cases to requiring long hospitalization periods (weeks to months) and the toxicity (side effects) of administered drugs, in addition to the increasing resistance of the parasites to treatment. It is thus important to develop new drugs and treatments that are less toxic, can overcome drug resistance, and require shorter periods of treatment. These aspects are especially important for the populations of developing countries. It was reported that several phenylpropanoid-based secondary metabolites manifest interesting antileishmanial activities and are used by various indigenous people to treat leishmaniasis. In this chapter, the authors shed some light on the various biological activities of phenylpropanoid natural products, with the main focus being on their possible applications in the context of antileishmanial treatment.
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95
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Rouhani M. Evaluation of structural properties and antioxidant capacity of Proxison: A DFT investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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96
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Yadav CB, Tokas J, Yadav D, Winters A, Singh RB, Yadav R, Gangashetty PI, Srivastava RK, Yadav RS. Identifying Anti-Oxidant Biosynthesis Genes in Pearl Millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Using Genome-Wide Association Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:599649. [PMID: 34122460 PMCID: PMC8194398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.599649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R Br.] is an important staple food crop in the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. It is a cereal grain that has the prospect to be used as a substitute for wheat flour for celiac patients. It is an important antioxidant food resource present with a wide range of phenolic compounds that are good sources of natural antioxidants. The present study aimed to identify the total antioxidant content of pearl millet flour and apply it to evaluate the antioxidant activity of its 222 genotypes drawn randomly from the pearl millet inbred germplasm association panel (PMiGAP), a world diversity panel of this crop. The total phenolic content (TPC) significantly correlated with DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (% inhibition), which ranged from 2.32 to 112.45% and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity ranging from 21.68 to 179.66 (mg ascorbic acid eq./100 g). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted using 222 diverse accessions and 67 K SNPs distributed across all the seven pearl millet chromosomes. Approximately, 218 SNPs were found to be strongly associated with DPPH and FRAP activity at high confidence [-log (p) > 3.0-7.4]. Furthermore, flanking regions of significantly associated SNPs were explored for candidate gene harvesting. This identified 18 candidate genes related to antioxidant pathway genes (flavanone 7-O-beta-glycosyltransferase, GDSL esterase/lipase, glutathione S-transferase) residing within or near the association signal that can be selected for further functional characterization. Patterns of genetic variability and the associated genes reported in this study are useful findings, which would need further validation before their utilization in molecular breeding for high antioxidant-containing pearl millet cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhan Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Devvart Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Ana Winters
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Ram B. Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Rama Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India
| | - Rattan S. Yadav
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rattan S. Yadav
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97
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A plant-inspired long-lasting adhesive bilayer nanocomposite hydrogel based on redox-active Ag/Tannic acid-Cellulose nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117508. [PMID: 33436257 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting and reusable adhesive hydrogels are highly desirable in biomedical and relevant applications, however, its design still remains challenge. Here, a series of plant-inspired adhesive hydrogels were prepared based on Ag/Tannic acid-Cellulose nanofibers (Ag/TA-CNF) triggered reversible quinone/catechol chemistry, which mimicked the long-lasting reductive/oxidative balance in mussels. The dynamic redox system generated catechol groups inner the hydrogel continuously, imparting hydrogels with high and repeatable adhesiveness. Besides, the hydrogel still maintained its high adhesiveness after storing at extreme temperatures for 30 days. Furthermore, to broaden the biomedical applications of the hydrogels, the pre-gel solution with optimal composition was cast onto the surface of vaccarin-loaded electrospun nanofibers to form the bilayer nanocomposite hydrogel (NF@HG) in situ. The NF@HG with the intrinsic properties of the hydrogel layer (e.g. stretchable, adhesive, antioxidant, antifreezing, antidrying, photothermal and antibacterial) exhibited enhanced mechanical properties, sustained drug release and good cytocompatibility, which could be an attractive candidate for wound healing material. Taken together, this study may inspire new aspects for designing reusable and long-lasting adhesive hydrogels according to dynamic catechol chemistry.
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98
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Kabanda MM, Gbashi S, Madala NE. Proportional coexistence of okanin chalcone glycoside and okanin flavanone glycoside in Bidens pilosa leaves and theoretical investigation on the antioxidant properties of their aglycones. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:53-70. [PMID: 33267705 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1859107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa plant has been shown to produce okanin flavanone glycoside and its chalcone derivative. In most other plants, due to chalcone isomerase enzyme, the flavanone tends to exist in higher proportions than their chalcone precursors. Herein we have utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach and shown that within the leaves of Bidens pilosa plant the two okanin glycosides exist in unusual equal proportional distribution, which indicates that Bidens pilosa plant is an alternative rich source of these highly sought-after antioxidant molecules. The aglycone okanin chalcone (ONC) and okanin flavanone (ONF) have experimentally been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity. However, experimental findings have not conclusively determined which of the two compounds is a more potent antiradical than the other. Herein, the density functional theory (DFT) method is utilized to establish, from structural and thermodynamic energetic considerations, the preferred antioxidant molecule between the two aglycone okanins. A theoretical study on the antioxidant properties of ONC and ONF has been performed by considering their radical scavenging and metal cation (Mn+, where M = Cu(II) or Fe (III)) chelation ability. The study has been performed using B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) method. In the case of the metal chelation mechanism, the LANL2DZ pseudo-potential was selected to describe the selected Mn+ cations. The results of the study suggest that ONC is a better radical scavenger than ONF because of the extended electron delocalization on its neutral radical, which is due to the presence of conjugation within the ONC neutral radical after hydrogen atom abstraction. In the metal chelation mechanism, it is noted that the binding energies depend on the media, the nature of the ligand and the cation and the cation coordination site on the ligand. The charge and the spin density on Mn+ decrease on coordination to the ligand. The ability of the ligands to reduce Mn+ cations, coupled with the strong Mn+ binding properties, has significant implication on the antioxidant ability of both okanins. However, since ONC⋅⋅⋅M+n interaction results in higher binding energy than ONF⋅⋅⋅M+n interaction, the implication is that ONC is a preferred free metal ion chelator than ONF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwadham M Kabanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Sefater Gbashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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99
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Effectuality of chitosan biopolymer and its derivatives during antioxidant applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1342-1369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Drago E, Campardelli R, Pettinato M, Perego P. Innovations in Smart Packaging Concepts for Food: An Extensive Review. Foods 2020; 9:E1628. [PMID: 33171881 PMCID: PMC7695158 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovation in food packaging is mainly represented by the development of active and intelligent packing technologies, which offer to deliver safer and high-quality food products. Active packaging refers to the incorporation of active component into the package with the aim of maintaining or extending the product quality and shelf-life. The intelligent systems are able to monitor the condition of packaged food in order to provide information about the quality of the product during transportation and storage. These packaging technologies can also work synergistically to yield a multipurpose food packaging system. This review is a critical and up-dated analysis of the results reported in the literature about this fascinating and growing field of research. Several aspects are considered and organized going from the definitions and the regulations, to the specific functions and the technological aspects regarding the manufacturing technologies, in order to have a complete overlook on the overall topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margherita Pettinato
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), Polytechnique School, University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy; (E.D.); (R.C.); (P.P.)
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