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Scherr SM, Freedman DS, Agans KN, Rosca A, Carter E, Kuroda M, Fawcett HE, Mire CE, Geisbert TW, Ünlü MS, Connor JH. Disposable cartridge platform for rapid detection of viral hemorrhagic fever viruses. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:917-925. [PMID: 28194457 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Light microscopy is a straightforward and highly portable imaging approach that is used for the detection of parasites, fungi, and bacteria. The detection of individual virus particles has historically not been possible through this approach. Thus, characterization of virus particles is typically performed using high-energy approaches such as electron microscopy. These approaches require purification of virions away from its normal milieu, significant levels of expertise, and only count a small number of particles at a time. To correct these deficiencies we created a platform that allows label-free, point-of-need virus imaging and counting. We adapted a multiplex-capable, interferometric imaging technique to a closed-system that allows real-time particle detection in complex mixtures. To maximize virus particle binding we constructed a disposable device with a constant flow rate of ∼3 μl min-1. Biosafety was achieved by having a sealable sample addition port. Using this platform we were able to readily identify virus binding in a 20 minute experiment. Sensitivity was comparable to laboratory-based assays such as ELISA and plaque assay, and showed equal or better sensitivity against paper-based assays designed for point-of-need use. Our results demonstrate a platform that can be used for rapid multiplexed detection and visualization of whole virus particles. We envision this technology as a sample-to-answer platform for detection and visualization of viruses without the need for prior labeling. This would enable both research investigation of virus particle behavior and morphology and have the potential to be used in a diagnostic context, where direct imaging from samples such as blood and urine would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Scherr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Krystle N Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Erik Carter
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | - Helen E Fawcett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - M Selim Ünlü
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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52
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Emerging Cytokine Biosensors with Optical Detection Modalities and Nanomaterial-Enabled Signal Enhancement. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17020428. [PMID: 28241443 PMCID: PMC5335944 DOI: 10.3390/s17020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers, especially cytokines, play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Therefore, a critical need for advanced cytokine sensors has been rapidly growing and will continue to expand to promote clinical testing, new biomarker development, and disease studies. In particular, sensors employing transduction principles of various optical modalities have emerged as the most common means of detection. In typical cytokine assays which are based on the binding affinities between the analytes of cytokines and their specific antibodies, optical schemes represent the most widely used mechanisms, with some serving as the gold standard against which all existing and new sensors are benchmarked. With recent advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology, many of the recently emerging technologies for cytokine detection exploit various forms of nanomaterials for improved sensing capabilities. Nanomaterials have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional optical properties unique to their reduced dimensionality. Novel sensing approaches based on the newly identified properties of nanomaterials have shown drastically improved performances in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of cytokines. This article brings together the fundamentals in the literature that are central to different optical modalities developed for cytokine detection. Recent advancements in the applications of novel technologies are also discussed in terms of those that enable highly sensitive and multiplexed cytokine quantification spanning a wide dynamic range. For each highlighted optical technique, its current detection capabilities as well as associated challenges are discussed. Lastly, an outlook for nanomaterial-based cytokine sensors is provided from the perspective of optimizing the technologies for sensitivity and multiplexity as well as promoting widespread adaptations of the emerging optical techniques by lowering high thresholds currently present in the new approaches.
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Vashist A, Kaushik A, Vashist A, Jayant RD, Tomitaka A, Ahmad S, Gupta YK, Nair M. Recent trends on hydrogel based drug delivery systems for infectious diseases. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1535-1553. [PMID: 27709137 PMCID: PMC5162423 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since centuries, the rapid spread and cure of infectious diseases have been a major concern to the progress and survival of humans. These diseases are a global burden and the prominent cause for worldwide deaths and disabilities. Nanomedicine has emerged as the most excellent tool to eradicate and halt their spread. Various nanoformulations (NFs) using advanced nanotechnology are in demand. Recently, hydrogel and nanogel based drug delivery devices have posed new prospects to simulate the natural intelligence of various biological systems. Owing to their unique porous interpenetrating network design, hydrophobic drug incorporation and stimulus sensitivity hydrogels owe excellent potential as targeted drug delivery systems. The present review is an attempt to highlight the recent trends of hydrogel based drug delivery systems for the delivery of therapeutic agents and diagnostics for major infectious diseases including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), malaria, tuberculosis, influenza and ebola. Future prospects and challenges are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Vashist
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, USA.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, USA.
| | - Atul Vashist
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, USA.
| | - Asahi Tomitaka
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, USA.
| | - Sharif Ahmad
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Y K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center of Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, USA.
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54
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Finetti C, Sola L, Pezzullo M, Prosperi D, Colombo M, Riva B, Avvakumova S, Morasso C, Picciolini S, Chiari M. Click Chemistry Immobilization of Antibodies on Polymer Coated Gold Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7435-7441. [PMID: 27367748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this work is to develop an innovative approach for the coating of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a synthetic functional copolymer. This stable coating with a thickness of few nanometers provides, at the same time, stabilization and functionalization of the particles. The polymeric coating consists of a backbone of polydimethylacrylamide (DMA) functionalized with an alkyne monomer that allows the binding of azido modified molecules by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC, click chemistry). The thin polymer layer on the surface stabilizes the colloidal suspension whereas the alkyne functions pending from the backbone are available for the reaction with azido-modified proteins. The reactivity of the coating is demonstrated by immobilizing an azido modified anti-mouse IgG antibody on the particle surface. This approach for the covalent binding of antibody to a gold-NPs is applied to the development of gold labels in biosensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Finetti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Sola
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Davide Prosperi
- NanobioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- NanobioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Riva
- NanobioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Svetlana Avvakumova
- NanobioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics, Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS , 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Picciolini
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Clinical Biophotonics, Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS , 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR , Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
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55
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McLeod E, Ozcan A. Unconventional methods of imaging: computational microscopy and compact implementations. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:076001. [PMID: 27214407 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades or so, there has been a renaissance of optical microscopy research and development. Much work has been done in an effort to improve the resolution and sensitivity of microscopes, while at the same time to introduce new imaging modalities, and make existing imaging systems more efficient and more accessible. In this review, we look at two particular aspects of this renaissance: computational imaging techniques and compact imaging platforms. In many cases, these aspects go hand-in-hand because the use of computational techniques can simplify the demands placed on optical hardware in obtaining a desired imaging performance. In the first main section, we cover lens-based computational imaging, in particular, light-field microscopy, structured illumination, synthetic aperture, Fourier ptychography, and compressive imaging. In the second main section, we review lensfree holographic on-chip imaging, including how images are reconstructed, phase recovery techniques, and integration with smart substrates for more advanced imaging tasks. In the third main section we describe how these and other microscopy modalities have been implemented in compact and field-portable devices, often based around smartphones. Finally, we conclude with some comments about opportunities and demand for better results, and where we believe the field is heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan McLeod
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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56
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Pang Y, Song H, Cheng W. Using optical trap to measure the refractive index of a single animal virus in culture fluid with high precision. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1672-89. [PMID: 27231613 PMCID: PMC4871073 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The refractive index (RI) is a fundamental parameter of materials that can be used to distinguish and sort materials of different nature. Although the RI of a virus is required for many optics-based biosensing applications, RIs of animal viruses have never been measured. Here we have developed a technique that can measure the RI of individual viruses in aqueous media with high precision. This technique is based on optical trapping of single virions and works by relating the size and RI of a single virus to the stiffness of an optical trap. We have derived an analytic expression to quantitatively describe the optical trapping of these particles. We have validated this equation using nanoparticles of known RI, and measured the RI of individual human immunodeficiency viruses type-1, which yielded a value of 1.42 at 830 nm with less than 2% coefficient of variation. This value is much lower than the RI typically assumed for viruses, but very close to that of 2.0 M sucrose solution in water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the experimental measurement of the RI for a single animal virus in aqueous media. This technique does not require prior knowledge on the diameter of the nanoparticles, and can be applied to other viruses or nanoparticles for accurate measurement of RI that is critical for the label-free detection of these particles in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hanna Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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57
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58
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Scherr SM, Daaboul GG, Trueb J, Sevenler D, Fawcett H, Goldberg B, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. Real-Time Capture and Visualization of Individual Viruses in Complex Media. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2827-33. [PMID: 26760677 PMCID: PMC5019356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Label-free imaging of individual viruses and nanoparticles directly in complex solutions is important for virology research and biosensing applications. A successful visualization technique should be rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive, while needing minimal sample preparation or user expertise. Current approaches typically require fluorescent labeling or the use of an electron microscope, which are expensive and time-consuming to use. We have developed an imaging technique for real-time, sensitive, and label-free visualization of viruses and nanoparticles directly in complex solutions such as serum. By combining the advantages of a single-particle reflectance imaging sensor, with microfluidics, we perform real-time digital detection of individual 100 nm vesicular stomatitis viruses as they bind to an antibody microarray. Using this approach, we have shown capture and visualization of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Ebola model (rVSV-ZEBOV) at 100 PFU/mL in undiluted fetal bovine serum in less than 30 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Scherr
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - George G. Daaboul
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- nanoView Diagnostics Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jacob Trueb
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Derin Sevenler
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Helen Fawcett
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Bennett Goldberg
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John H. Connor
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Microbiology Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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59
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DeSantis MC, Cheng W. Label-free detection and manipulation of single biological nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:717-29. [PMID: 26846164 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past several years, there have been significant advances in the field of nanoparticle detection for various biological applications. Of considerable interest are synthetic nanoparticles being designed as potential drug delivery systems as well as naturally occurring or biological nanoparticles, including viruses and extracellular vesicles. Many infectious diseases and several human cancers are attributed to individual virions. Because these particles likely display different degrees of heterogeneity under normal physiological conditions, characterization of these natural nanoparticles with single-particle sensitivity is necessary for elucidating information on their basic structure and function as well as revealing novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, biodefense and point-of-care clinical testing demand ultrasensitive detection of viral pathogens particularly with high specificity. Consequently, the ability to perform label-free virus sensing has motivated the development of multiple electrical-, mechanical-, and optical-based detection techniques, some of which may even have the potential for nanoparticle sorting and multi-parametric analysis. For each technique, the challenges associated with label-free detection and measurement sensitivity are discussed as are their potential contributions for future real-world applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:717-729. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1392 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C DeSantis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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60
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Agnarsson B, Lundgren A, Gunnarsson A, Rabe M, Kunze A, Mapar M, Simonsson L, Bally M, Zhdanov VP, Höök F. Evanescent Light-Scattering Microscopy for Label-Free Interfacial Imaging: From Single Sub-100 nm Vesicles to Live Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11849-11862. [PMID: 26517791 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in the understanding of biomolecular interactions has benefited greatly from the development of surface-sensitive bioanalytical sensors. To further increase their broad impact, significant efforts are presently being made to enable label-free and specific biomolecule detection with high sensitivity, allowing for quantitative interpretation and general applicability at low cost. In this work, we have addressed this challenge by developing a waveguide chip consisting of a flat silica core embedded in a symmetric organic cladding with a refractive index matching that of water. This is shown to reduce stray light (background) scattering and thereby allow for label-free detection of faint objects, such as individual sub-20 nm gold nanoparticles as well as sub-100 nm lipid vesicles. Measurements and theoretical analysis revealed that light-scattering signals originating from single surface-bound lipid vesicles enable characterization of their sizes without employing fluorescent lipids as labels. The concept is also demonstrated for label-free measurements of protein binding to and enzymatic (phospholipase A2) digestion of individual lipid vesicles, enabling an analysis of the influence on the measured kinetics of the dye-labeling of lipids required in previous assays. Further, diffraction-limited imaging of cells (platelets) binding to a silica surface showed that distinct subcellular features could be visualized and temporally resolved during attachment, activation, and spreading. Taken together, these results underscore the versatility and general applicability of the method, which due to its simplicity and compatibility with conventional microscopy setups may reach a widespread in life science and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Agnarsson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundgren
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Michael Rabe
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angelika Kunze
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen , D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mokhtar Mapar
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lisa Simonsson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marta Bally
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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61
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Seymour E, Daaboul GG, Zhang X, Scherr SM, Ünlü NL, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. DNA-Directed Antibody Immobilization for Enhanced Detection of Single Viral Pathogens. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10505-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Seymour
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - George G. Daaboul
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xirui Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Steven M. Scherr
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Nese Lortlar Ünlü
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- School
of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34730, Turkey
| | - John H. Connor
- Department
of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02218, United States
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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62
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Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)--A Platform Technology for Multiplexed Diagnostics and Digital Detection. SENSORS 2015. [PMID: 26205273 PMCID: PMC4541952 DOI: 10.3390/s150717649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the growing need in disease diagnostics has stimulated rapid development of new technologies with unprecedented capabilities. Recent emerging infectious diseases and epidemics have revealed the shortcomings of existing diagnostics tools, and the necessity for further improvements. Optical biosensors can lay the foundations for future generation diagnostics by providing means to detect biomarkers in a highly sensitive, specific, quantitative and multiplexed fashion. Here, we review an optical sensing technology, Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS), and the relevant features of this multifunctional platform for quantitative, label-free and dynamic detection. We discuss two distinct modalities for IRIS: (i) low-magnification (ensemble biomolecular mass measurements) and (ii) high-magnification (digital detection of individual nanoparticles) along with their applications, including label-free detection of multiplexed protein chips, measurement of single nucleotide polymorphism, quantification of transcription factor DNA binding, and high sensitivity digital sensing and characterization of nanoparticles and viruses.
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63
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Kang P, Schein P, Serey X, O’Dell D, Erickson D. Nanophotonic detection of freely interacting molecules on a single influenza virus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12087. [PMID: 26160194 PMCID: PMC4498194 DOI: 10.1038/srep12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular interactions, such as antibody-antigen binding, are fundamental to many biological processes. At present, most techniques for analyzing these interactions require immobilizing one or both of the interacting molecules on an assay plate or a sensor surface. This is convenient experimentally but can constrain the natural binding affinity and capacity of the molecules, resulting in data that can deviate from the natural free-solution behavior. Here we demonstrate a label-free method for analyzing free-solution interactions between a single influenza virus and specific antibodies at the single particle level using near-field optical trapping and light-scattering techniques. We determine the number of specific antibodies binding to an optically trapped influenza virus by analyzing the change of the Brownian fluctuations of the virus. We develop an analytical model that determines the increased size of the virus resulting from antibodies binding to the virus membrane with uncertainty of ± 1-2 nm. We present stoichiometric results of 26 ± 4 (6.8 ± 1.1 attogram) anti-influenza antibodies binding to an H1N1 influenza virus. Our technique can be applied to a wide range of molecular interactions because the nanophotonic tweezer can handle molecules from tens to thousands of nanometers in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilgyu Kang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Perry Schein
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Xavier Serey
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Dakota O’Dell
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - David Erickson
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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64
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McLeod E, Wei Q, Ozcan A. Democratization of Nanoscale Imaging and Sensing Tools Using Photonics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6434-45. [PMID: 26068279 PMCID: PMC4497296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Providing means for researchers and citizen scientists in the developing world to perform advanced measurements with nanoscale precision can help to accelerate the rate of discovery and invention as well as improve higher education and the training of the next generation of scientists and engineers worldwide. Here, we review some of the recent progress toward making optical nanoscale measurement tools more cost-effective, field-portable, and accessible to a significantly larger group of researchers and educators. We divide our review into two main sections: label-based nanoscale imaging and sensing tools, which primarily involve fluorescent approaches, and label-free nanoscale measurement tools, which include light scattering sensors, interferometric methods, photonic crystal sensors, and plasmonic sensors. For each of these areas, we have primarily focused on approaches that have either demonstrated operation outside of a traditional laboratory setting, including for example integration with mobile phones, or exhibited the potential for such operation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan McLeod
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, University of
California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California
Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University
of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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65
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Cretich M, Daaboul GG, Sola L, Ünlü MS, Chiari M. Digital detection of biomarkers assisted by nanoparticles: application to diagnostics. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:343-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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66
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Vannahme C, Sørensen KT, Gade C, Dufva M, Kristensen A. Refractometric monitoring of dissolution and fluid flow with distributed feedback dye laser sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:6562-6568. [PMID: 25836874 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.006562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the dissolution of solid material in liquids and monitoring of fluid flow is of significant interest for applications in chemistry, food production, medicine, and especially in the fields of microfluidics and lab on a chip. Here, real-time refractometric monitoring of dissolution and fast fluid flow with DFB dye laser sensors with an optical imaging spectroscopy setup is presented. The dye laser sensors provide both low detection limits and high spatial resolution. It is demonstrated how the materials NaCl, sucrose, and bovine serum albumin show characteristic dissolution patterns. The unique feature of the presented method is a high frame rate of up to 20 Hz, which is proven to enable the monitoring of fast flow of a sucrose solution jet into pure water.
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67
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Weidemaier K, Carrino J, Curry A, Connor JH, Liebmann-Vinson A. Advancing rapid point-of-care viral diagnostics to a clinical setting. Future Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We discuss here critical factors in ensuring the success of a viral diagnostic at the point of care. Molecular and immunoassay approaches are reviewed with a focus on their ability to meet the infrastructure and workflow limitations in clinical settings in both the developed and developing world. In addition to being low cost, easy-to-use, accurate and adapted for the intended laboratory and healthcare environment, viral diagnostics must also provide information that appropriately directs clinical treatment decisions. We discuss the challenges and implications of linking diagnostics to clinical decision-making at the point of care using three examples: respiratory viruses in the developed world, differential fever diagnosis in the developing world and HPV detection in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Weidemaier
- Diagnostic Sciences Department, BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - John Carrino
- BD Diagnostics, 10865 Road to the Cure, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Adam Curry
- Diagnostic Sciences Department, BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Andrea Liebmann-Vinson
- Diagnostic Sciences Department, BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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68
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Zhuo Y, Tian L, Chen W, Yu H, Singamaneni S, Cunningham BT. Protein-protein binding detection with nanoparticle photonic crystal enhanced microscopy (NP-PCEM). ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:2069-72. [PMID: 25570391 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel microscopy-based biosensing approach that utilizes a photonic crystal (PC) surface to detect protein-protein binding with the functionalized nanoparticles as tags. This imaging approach utilizes the measurement of localized shifts in the resonant wavelength and resonant reflection magnitude from the PC biosensor in the presence of individual nanoparticles. Moreover, it substantially increases the sensitivity of the imaging approach through tunable localized surface plasmon resonant frequency of the nanoparticle matching with the resonance of the PC biosensor. Experimental demonstrations of photonic crystal enhanced microscopy (PCEM) imaging with single nanoparticle resolution are supported by Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) computer simulations. The ability to detect the surface adsorption of individual nanoparticles as tags offers a route to single molecule biosensing with photonic crystal biosensor in the future.
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69
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Zhu S, Ma L, Wang S, Chen C, Zhang W, Yang L, Hang W, Nolan JP, Wu L, Yan X. Light-scattering detection below the level of single fluorescent molecules for high-resolution characterization of functional nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10998-1006. [PMID: 25300001 PMCID: PMC4212780 DOI: 10.1021/nn505162u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive detection and characterization of single nanoparticles (<100 nm) is important in nanotechnology and life sciences. Direct measurement of the elastically scattered light from individual nanoparticles represents the simplest and the most direct method for particle detection. However, the sixth-power dependence of scattering intensity on particle size renders very small particles indistinguishable from the background. Adopting strategies for single-molecule fluorescence detection in a sheathed flow, here we report the development of high sensitivity flow cytometry (HSFCM) that achieves real-time light-scattering detection of single silica and gold nanoparticles as small as 24 and 7 nm in diameter, respectively. This unprecedented sensitivity enables high-resolution sizing of single nanoparticles directly based on their scattered intensity. With a resolution comparable to that of TEM and the ease and speed of flow cytometric analysis, HSFCM is particularly suitable for nanoparticle size distribution analysis of polydisperse/heterogeneous/mixed samples. Through concurrent fluorescence detection, simultaneous insights into the size and payload variations of engineered nanoparticles are demonstrated with two forms of clinical nanomedicine. By offering quantitative multiparameter analysis of single nanoparticles in liquid suspensions at a throughput of up to 10 000 particles per minute, HSFCM represents a major advance both in light-scattering detection technology and in nanoparticle characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Ma
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoxiang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Hang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - John P. Nolan
- The Scintillon Institute, 6404 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lina Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
- Address correspondence to
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70
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Coskun AF, Cetin AE, Galarreta BC, Alvarez DA, Altug H, Ozcan A. Lensfree optofluidic plasmonic sensor for real-time and label-free monitoring of molecular binding events over a wide field-of-view. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6789. [PMID: 25346102 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-throughput biosensing device that utilizes microfluidics based plasmonic microarrays incorporated with dual-color on-chip imaging toward real-time and label-free monitoring of biomolecular interactions over a wide field-of-view of >20 mm(2). Weighing 40 grams with 8.8 cm in height, this biosensor utilizes an opto-electronic imager chip to record the diffraction patterns of plasmonic nanoapertures embedded within microfluidic channels, enabling real-time analyte exchange. This plasmonic chip is simultaneously illuminated by two different light-emitting-diodes that are spectrally located at the right and left sides of the plasmonic resonance mode, yielding two different diffraction patterns for each nanoaperture array. Refractive index changes of the medium surrounding the near-field of the nanostructures, e.g., due to molecular binding events, induce a frequency shift in the plasmonic modes of the nanoaperture array, causing a signal enhancement in one of the diffraction patterns while suppressing the other. Based on ratiometric analysis of these diffraction images acquired at the detector-array, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept of this biosensor by monitoring in real-time biomolecular interactions of protein A/G with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. For high-throughput on-chip fabrication of these biosensors, we also introduce a deep ultra-violet lithography technique to simultaneously pattern thousands of plasmonic arrays in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Coskun
- 1] Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA [2] Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125
| | - Arif E Cetin
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215, USA [2] Bioengineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Betty C Galarreta
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215, USA [2] Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Departamento de Ciencias-Quimica, Avenida Universitaria 1801, Lima 32, Peru
| | | | - Hatice Altug
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215, USA [2] Bioengineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- 1] Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA [2] California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), CA 90095, USA
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71
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Daaboul GG, Lopez CA, Chinnala J, Goldberg BB, Connor JH, Ünlü MS. Digital sensing and sizing of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes in complex media: a model for Ebola and Marburg detection. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6047-6055. [PMID: 24840765 PMCID: PMC4466106 DOI: 10.1021/nn501312q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and direct label-free capture and characterization of nanoparticles from complex media such as blood or serum will broadly impact medicine and the life sciences. We demonstrate identification of virus particles in complex samples for replication-competent wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), defective VSV, and Ebola- and Marburg-pseudotyped VSV with high sensitivity and specificity. Size discrimination of the imaged nanoparticles (virions) allows differentiation between modified viruses having different genome lengths and facilitates a reduction in the counting of nonspecifically bound particles to achieve a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 5 × 10(3) pfu/mL for the Ebola and Marburg VSV pseudotypes. We demonstrate the simultaneous detection of multiple viruses in a single sample (composed of serum or whole blood) for screening applications and uncompromised detection capabilities in samples contaminated with high levels of bacteria. By employing affinity-based capture, size discrimination, and a "digital" detection scheme to count single virus particles, we show that a robust and sensitive virus/nanoparticle sensing assay can be established for targets in complex samples. The nanoparticle microscopy system is termed the Single Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (SP-IRIS) and is capable of high-throughput and rapid sizing of large numbers of biological nanoparticles on an antibody microarray for research and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G. Daaboul
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Carlos A. Lopez
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jyothsna Chinnala
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Bennett B. Goldberg
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Biomedical Engineering Dept., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - John H. Connor
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging and Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Biomedical Engineering Dept., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Corresponding Author:
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72
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Reddington AP, Trueb JT, Freedman DS, Tuysuzoglu A, Daaboul GG, Lopez CA, Karl WC, Connor JH, Fawcett H, Ünlu MS. An interferometric reflectance imaging sensor for point of care viral diagnostics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 60:3276-83. [PMID: 24271115 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2272666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of in vitro diagnostic devices is transitioning from the laboratory to the primary care setting to address early disease detection needs. Time critical viral diagnoses are often made without support due to the experimental time required in today's standard tests. Available rapid point of care (POC) viral tests are less reliable, requiring a follow-on confirmatory test before conclusions can be drawn. The development of a reliable POC viral test for the primary care setting would decrease the time for diagnosis leading to a lower chance of transmission and improve recovery. The single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS) has been shown to be a sensitive and specific-detection platform in serum and whole blood. This paper presents a step towards a POC viral assay through a SP-IRIS prototype with automated data acquisition and analysis and a simple, easy-to-use software interface. Decreasing operation complexity highlights the potential of SP-IRIS as a sensitive and specific POC diagnostic tool. With the integration of a microfluidic cartridge, this automated instrument will allow an untrained user to run a sample-to-answer viral assay in the POC setting.
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73
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Taju G, Abdul Majeed S, Nambi KSN, Sahul Hameed AS. In vitro assay for the toxicity of silver nanoparticles using heart and gill cell lines of Catla catla and gill cell line of Labeo rohita. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 161:41-52. [PMID: 24524868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are used in commercial products for their antimicrobial properties. The Ag-NPs in some of these products are likely to reach the aquatic environment, thereby posing a health concern for humans and aquatic species. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using, UV-vis spectra, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Acute toxicity tests on fish were conducted by exposing Catla catla and Labeo rohita for 96h to AgNO3 and Ag-NPs under static conditions. The cytotoxic effect of AgNO3 and Ag-NPs in Sahul India C. catla heart cell line (SICH), Indian C. catla gill cell line (ICG) and L. rohita gill cell line (LRG) was assessed using MTT and neutral red (NR) assay. Linear correlations between each in vitro EC50 and the in vivo LC50 data were highly significant. DNA damage and nuclear fragmentation (condensation) were assessed by comet assay and Hoechst staining, respectively in SICH, ICG and LRG cells exposed to Ag-NPs. The results of antioxidant parameter obtained show significantly increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and decreased level of GSH, SOD and CAT in SICH, ICG and LRG cell lines after exposure to increasing Ag-NPs in a concentration-dependent manner. This work proves that fish cell lines could be used as an alternative to whole animals using cytotoxicity tests, genotoxicity tests and oxidative stress assessment after exposure to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Taju
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu 632 509, India
| | - S Abdul Majeed
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu 632 509, India
| | - K S N Nambi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu 632 509, India
| | - A S Sahul Hameed
- OIE Reference Laboratory for WTD, Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, PG and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu 632 509, India.
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74
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Zhuo Y, Hu H, Chen W, Lu M, Tian L, Yu H, Long KD, Chow E, King WP, Singamaneni S, Cunningham BT. Single nanoparticle detection using photonic crystal enhanced microscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:1007-15. [PMID: 24432353 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a label-free biosensor imaging approach that utilizes a photonic crystal (PC) surface to detect surface attachment of individual dielectric and metal nanoparticles through measurement of localized shifts in the resonant wavelength and resonant reflection magnitude from the PC. Using a microscopy-based approach to scan the PC resonant reflection properties with 0.6 μm spatial resolution, we show that metal nanoparticles attached to the biosensor surface with strong absorption at the resonant wavelength induce a highly localized reduction in reflection efficiency and are able to be detected by modulation of the resonant wavelength. Experimental demonstrations of single-nanoparticle imaging are supported by finite-difference time-domain computer simulations. The ability to image surface-adsorption of individual nanoparticles offers a route to single molecule biosensing, in which the particles can be functionalized with specific recognition molecules and utilized as tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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75
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Wei Q, Qi H, Luo W, Tseng D, Ki SJ, Wan Z, Göröcs Z, Bentolila LA, Wu TT, Sun R, Ozcan A. Fluorescent imaging of single nanoparticles and viruses on a smart phone. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9147-55. [PMID: 24016065 PMCID: PMC3951925 DOI: 10.1021/nn4037706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging of nanoscale objects, whether it is based on scattering or fluorescence, is a challenging task due to reduced detection signal-to-noise ratio and contrast at subwavelength dimensions. Here, we report a field-portable fluorescence microscopy platform installed on a smart phone for imaging of individual nanoparticles as well as viruses using a lightweight and compact opto-mechanical attachment to the existing camera module of the cell phone. This hand-held fluorescent imaging device utilizes (i) a compact 450 nm laser diode that creates oblique excitation on the sample plane with an incidence angle of ~75°, (ii) a long-pass thin-film interference filter to reject the scattered excitation light, (iii) an external lens creating 2× optical magnification, and (iv) a translation stage for focus adjustment. We tested the imaging performance of this smart-phone-enabled microscopy platform by detecting isolated 100 nm fluorescent particles as well as individual human cytomegaloviruses that are fluorescently labeled. The size of each detected nano-object on the cell phone platform was validated using scanning electron microscopy images of the same samples. This field-portable fluorescence microscopy attachment to the cell phone, weighing only ~186 g, could be used for specific and sensitive imaging of subwavelength objects including various bacteria and viruses and, therefore, could provide a valuable platform for the practice of nanotechnology in field settings and for conducting viral load measurements and other biomedical tests even in remote and resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Wei
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Hangfei Qi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Wei Luo
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - So Jung Ki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Zhe Wan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Zoltán Göröcs
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Laurent A. Bentolila
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Ren Sun
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to:
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76
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Hennequin Y, Allier CP, McLeod E, Mudanyali O, Migliozzi D, Ozcan A, Dinten JM. Optical detection and sizing of single nanoparticles using continuous wetting films. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7601-9. [PMID: 23889001 PMCID: PMC3909561 DOI: 10.1021/nn403431y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The physical interaction between nanoscale objects and liquid interfaces can create unique optical properties, enhancing the signatures of the objects with subwavelength features. Here we show that the evaporation on a wetting substrate of a polymer solution containing submicrometer or nanoscale particles creates liquid microlenses that arise from the local deformations of the continuous wetting film. These microlenses have properties similar to axicon lenses that are known to create beams with a long depth of focus. This enhanced depth of focus allows detection of single nanoparticles using a low-magnification microscope objective lens, achieving a relatively wide field-of-view, while also lifting the constraints on precise focusing onto the object plane. Hence, by creating these liquid axicon lenses through spatial deformations of a continuous thin wetting film, we transfer the challenge of imaging individual nanoparticles to detecting the light focused by these lenses. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the detection and sizing of single nanoparticles (100 and 200 nm), CpGV granuloviruses, as well as Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria over a wide field-of-view of 5.10 × 3.75 mm(2) using a 5× objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.15. In addition to conventional lens-based microscopy, this continuous wetting-film-based approach is also applicable to lens-free computational on-chip imaging, which can be used to detect single nanoparticles over a large field-of-view of >20-30 mm(2). These results could be especially useful for high-throughput field analysis of nanoscale objects using compact and cost-effective microscope designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Hennequin
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC, 17 rue des martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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77
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Yan JK, Cai PF, Cao XQ, Ma HL, Zhang Q, Hu NZ, Zhao YZ. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using 4-acetamido-TEMPO-oxidized curdlan. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:391-7. [PMID: 23911462 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A facile, simple, and eco-friendly method using 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethypiperidine-1-oxyl radical-oxidized curdlan (Oc) as both reducing and stabilizing agents was developed for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate (AgNO₃). The structure, morphology, and particle size of the as-prepared AgNPs were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic laser light scattering. The well-dispersed AgNPs were sphere like with a mean diameter of 15 nm. Their formation was dependent on reaction duration, reaction temperature, Oc concentration, and AgNO₃ concentration. Fourier transform-infrared and Raman spectra demonstrated that the as-prepared AgNPs can readily bind covalently with the carboxylate groups of Oc through the strong monodentate interaction in the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Yan
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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78
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Mojarad N, Sandoghdar V, Krishnan M. Measuring three-dimensional interaction potentials using optical interference. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:9377-9389. [PMID: 23609648 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.009377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe the application of three-dimensional (3D) scattering interferometric (iSCAT) imaging to the measurement of spatial interaction potentials for nano-objects in solution. We study electrostatically trapped gold particles in a nanofluidic device and present details on axial particle localization in the presence of a strongly reflecting interface. Our results demonstrate high-speed (~kHz) particle tracking with subnanometer localization precision in the axial and average 2.5 nm in the lateral dimension. A comparison of the measured levitation heights of trapped particles with the calculated values for traps of various geometries reveals good agreement. Our work demonstrates that iSCAT imaging delivers label-free, high-speed and accurate 3D tracking of nano-objects conducive to probing weak and long-range interaction potentials in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassir Mojarad
- Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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79
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Monroe MR, Daaboul GG, Tuysuzoglu A, Lopez CA, Little FF, Ünlü MS. Single nanoparticle detection for multiplexed protein diagnostics with attomolar sensitivity in serum and unprocessed whole blood. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3698-706. [PMID: 23469929 PMCID: PMC3690328 DOI: 10.1021/ac4000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although biomarkers exist for a range of disease diagnostics, a single low-cost platform exhibiting the required sensitivity, a large dynamic-range and multiplexing capability, and zero sample preparation remains in high demand for a variety of clinical applications. The Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS) was utilized to digitally detect and size single gold nanoparticles to identify protein biomarkers in unprocessed serum and blood samples. IRIS is a simple, inexpensive, multiplexed, high-throughput, and label-free optical biosensor that was originally used to quantify biomass captured on a surface with moderate sensitivity. Here we demonstrate detection of β-lactoglobulin, a cow's milk whey protein spiked in serum (>10 orders of magnitude) and whole blood (>5 orders of magnitude), at attomolar sensitivity. The clinical utility of IRIS was demonstrated by detecting allergen-specific IgE from microliters of characterized human serum and unprocessed whole blood samples by using secondary antibodies against human IgE labeled with 40 nm gold nanoparticles. To the best of our knowledge, this level of sensitivity over a large dynamic range has not been previously demonstrated. IRIS offers four main advantages compared to existing technologies: it (i) detects proteins from attomolar to nanomolar concentrations in unprocessed biological samples, (ii) unambiguously discriminates nanoparticles tags on a robust and physically large sensor area, (iii) detects protein targets with conjugated very small nanoparticle tags (~40 nm diameter), which minimally affect assay kinetics compared to conventional microparticle tagging methods, and (iv) utilizes components that make the instrument inexpensive, robust, and portable. These features make IRIS an ideal candidate for clinical and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo R. Monroe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - George G. Daaboul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ahmet Tuysuzoglu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachussetts 02215, United States
| | - Carlos A. Lopez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachussetts 02215, United States
| | - Frédéric F. Little
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachussetts 02215, United States
- Physics Department, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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80
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Mudanyali O, McLeod E, Luo W, Greenbaum A, Coskun AF, Hennequin Y, Allier CP, Ozcan A. Wide-field optical detection of nanoparticles using on-chip microscopy and self-assembled nanolenses. NATURE PHOTONICS 2013; 7:10.1038/nphoton.2012.337. [PMID: 24358054 PMCID: PMC3866034 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The direct observation of nanoscale objects is a challenging task for optical microscopy because the scattering from an individual nanoparticle is typically weak at optical wavelengths. Electron microscopy therefore remains one of the gold standard visualization methods for nanoparticles, despite its high cost, limited throughput and restricted field-of-view. Here, we describe a high-throughput, on-chip detection scheme that uses biocompatible wetting films to self-assemble aspheric liquid nanolenses around individual nanoparticles to enhance the contrast between the scattered and background light. We model the effect of the nanolens as a spatial phase mask centred on the particle and show that the holographic diffraction pattern of this effective phase mask allows detection of sub-100 nm particles across a large field-of-view of >20 mm2. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we report on-chip detection of individual polystyrene nanoparticles, adenoviruses and influenza A (H1N1) viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Mudanyali
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Euan McLeod
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Wei Luo
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ahmet F. Coskun
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yves Hennequin
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Cédric P. Allier
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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81
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Zhu H, Isikman SO, Mudanyali O, Greenbaum A, Ozcan A. Optical imaging techniques for point-of-care diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:51-67. [PMID: 23044793 PMCID: PMC3510351 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40864c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving access to effective and affordable healthcare has long been a global endeavor. In this quest, the development of cost-effective and easy-to-use medical testing equipment that enables rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to reduce the time and costs associated with healthcare services. To this end, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics plays a crucial role in healthcare delivery in both developed and developing countries by bringing medical testing to patients, or to sites near patients. As the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases, including various types of cancers and many endemics, relies on optical techniques, numerous compact and cost-effective optical imaging platforms have been developed in recent years for use at the POC. Here, we review the state-of-the-art optical imaging techniques that can have a significant impact on global health by facilitating effective and affordable POC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Serhan O. Isikman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Onur Mudanyali
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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82
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Enoki S, Iino R, Morone N, Kaihatsu K, Sakakihara S, Kato N, Noji H. Label-free single-particle imaging of the influenza virus by objective-type total internal reflection dark-field microscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49208. [PMID: 23166613 PMCID: PMC3499535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report label-free optical imaging of single particles of the influenza virus attached on a glass surface with a simple objective-type total internal reflection dark-field microscopy (TIRDFM). The capability of TIRDFM for the imaging of single viral particles was confirmed from fine correlation of the TIRDFM images with fluorescent immunostaining image and scanning electron microscopy image. The density of scattering spots in the TIRDFM images showed a good linearity against the virus concentration, giving the limit of detection as 1.2×10(4) plaque-forming units per milliliter. Our label-free optical imaging method does require neither elaborated sample preparation nor complex optical systems, offering a good platform for rapid and sensitive counting of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Enoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Kaihatsu
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Sakakihara
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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83
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Wu G, Zaman MH. Low-cost tools for diagnosing and monitoring HIV infection in low-resource settings. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90:914-20. [PMID: 23284197 DOI: 10.2471/blt.12.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-cost technologies to diagnose and monitor human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in developing countries are a major subject of current research and health care in the developing world. With the great need to increase access to affordable HIV monitoring services in rural areas of developing countries, much work has been focus on the development of point-of-care technologies that are affordable, robust, easy to use, portable and of sufficient quantitative accuracy to enable clinical decision-making. For diagnosis of HIV infection, some low-cost tests, such as lateral flow tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are already in place and well established. However, portable quantitative tests for rapid HIV monitoring at the point of care have only recently been introduced to the market. In this review, we discuss low-cost tests for HIV diagnosis and monitoring in low-resource settings, including promising technologies for use at the point of care, that are available or close to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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84
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Cretich M, Monroe MR, Reddington A, Zhang X, Daaboul GG, Damin F, Sola L, Unlu MS, Chiari M. Interferometric silicon biochips for label and label-free DNA and protein microarrays. Proteomics 2012; 12:2963-77. [PMID: 22930463 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein and DNA microarrays hold the promise to revolutionize the field of molecular diagnostics. Traditional microarray applications employ labeled detection strategies based on the use of fluorescent and chemiluminescent secondary antibodies. However, the development of high throughput, sensitive, label-free detection techniques is attracting attention as they do not require labeled reactants and provide quantitative information on binding kinetics. In this article, we will provide an overview of the recent author's work in label and label-free sensing platforms employing silicon/silicon oxide (Si/SiO(2)) substrates for interferometric and/or fluorescence detection of microarrays. The review will focus on applications of Si/SiO(2) with controlled oxide layers to (i) enhance the fluorescence intensity by optical interferences, (ii) quantify with sub-nanometer accuracy the axial locations of fluorophore-labeled probes tethered to the surface, and (iii) detect protein-protein interactions label free. Different methods of biofunctionalization of the sensing surface will be discussed. In particular, organosilanization reactions for monodimensional coatings and polymeric coatings will be extensively reviewed. Finally, the importance of calibration of protein microarrays through the dual use of labeled and label-free detection schemes on the same chip will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cretich
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Milano, Italy
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85
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Fumagalli L, Esteban-Ferrer D, Cuervo A, Carrascosa JL, Gomila G. Label-free identification of single dielectric nanoparticles and viruses with ultraweak polarization forces. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:808-16. [PMID: 22772654 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Label-free detection of the material composition of nanoparticles could be enabled by the quantification of the nanoparticles' inherent dielectric response to an applied electric field. However, the sensitivity of dielectric nanoscale objects to geometric and non-local effects makes the dielectric response extremely weak. Here we show that electrostatic force microscopy with sub-piconewton resolution can resolve the dielectric constants of single dielectric nanoparticles without the need for any reference material, as well as distinguish nanoparticles that have an identical surface but different inner composition. We unambiguously identified unlabelled ~10 nm nanoparticles of similar morphology but different low-polarizable materials, and discriminated empty from DNA-containing virus capsids. Our approach should make the in situ characterization of nanoscale dielectrics and biological macromolecules possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fumagalli
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, c/ Baldiri i Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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86
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Kopacz AM, Yeo WH, Chung JH, Liu WK. Nanoscale sensor analysis using the immersed molecular electrokinetic finite element method. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:5189-5194. [PMID: 22806572 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31279d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and detection of molecular biomarkers remain as a challenge to develop point-of-care diagnostic devices. An electric field induced concentration has been studied for such purposes but with limited success due to limited efficacy. This paper presents a computational study for investigating the molecular concentration and retention efficacy of single nanowire (SNW) and dendritic nanotip (DNT) sensors. Our computational results indicate that compared to a DNT, the SNW sensor produces higher dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces in the vicinity of the terminal end of the tip. Furthermore, the magnitude of the DEP force increases exponentially as the diameter of the SNW is decreased, resulting in a further improved retention efficacy of NPs. However, the SNW sensor's concentration efficacy was not much improved for NPs smaller than 10 nm diameter when the nanowire diameter was reduced from 500 to 50 nm. Compared to the SNW, the DNT sensor showed improved concentration efficacy due to multiple points of electric field concentrations, which retard the exponential decay of the DEP force resulting in a greater widespread region where the DEP force dominates the Brownian motion forces. When oligonucleotides are used as a target particle, the DEP force can be used to elongate oligonucleotides to further enhance the concentration and retention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Kopacz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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87
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Mojarad N, Krishnan M. Measuring the size and charge of single nanoscale objects in solution using an electrostatic fluidic trap. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 7:448-452. [PMID: 22728340 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the size and charge of objects suspended in solution, such as dispersions of colloids or macromolecules, is a significant challenge. Measurements based on light scattering are inherently biased to larger entities, such as aggregates in the sample, because the intensity of light scattered by a small object scales as the sixth power of its size. Techniques that rely on the collective migration of species in response to external fields (electric or hydrodynamic, for example) are beset with difficulties including low accuracy and dispersion-limited resolution. Here, we show that the size and charge of single nanoscale objects can be directly measured with high throughput by analysing their thermal motion in an array of electrostatic traps. The approach, which is analogous to Millikan's oil drop experiment, could in future be used to detect molecular binding events with high sensitivity or carry out dynamic single-charge resolved measurements at the solid/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassiredin Mojarad
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, Zurich, Switzerland
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88
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Yurt A, Daaboul GG, Connor JH, Goldberg BB, Ünlü MS. Single nanoparticle detectors for biological applications. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:715-26. [PMID: 22214976 PMCID: PMC3759154 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11562j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle research has become increasingly important in the context of bioscience and biotechnology. Practical use of nanoparticles in biology has significantly advanced our understanding about biological processes in the nanoscale as well as led to many novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Besides, synthetic and natural nanoparticles are of concern for their potential adverse effect on human health. Development of novel detection and characterization tools for nanoparticles will impact a broad range of disciplines in biological research from nanomedicine to nanotoxicology. In this article, we discuss the recent progress and future directions in the area of single nanoparticle detectors with an emphasis on their biological applications. A brief critical overview of electrical and mechanical detection techniques is given and a more in-depth discussion of label-free optical detection techniques is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Yurt
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - George G. Daaboul
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John H. Connor
- Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bennett B. Goldberg
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - M. Selim Ünlü
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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89
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Mitra A, Ignatovich F, Novotny L. Real-time optical detection of single human and bacterial viruses based on dark-field interferometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 31:499-504. [PMID: 22169818 PMCID: PMC3256558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection and characterization of human viruses and bacteriophage is extremely important in a variety of fields, such as medical diagnostics, immunology and vaccine research, and environmental contamination and quality control. We introduce an optical detection scheme for real-time and label-free detection of human viruses and bacteriophage as small as ~24 nm in radius. Combining the advantages of heterodyne interferometry and dark-field microscopy, this label-free method enables us to detect and characterize various biological nanoparticles with unsurpassed sensitivity and selectivity. We demonstrate the high sensitivity and precision of the method by analyzing a mixture containing HIV virus and bacteriophage. The method also resolves the distribution of small nano-impurities (~20-30 nm) in clinically relevant virus samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA
| | - Filipp Ignatovich
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14627, USA
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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90
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Galdiero S, Falanga A, Vitiello M, Cantisani M, Marra V, Galdiero M. Silver nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents. Molecules 2011; 16:8894-918. [PMID: 22024958 PMCID: PMC6264685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infections pose significant global health challenges, especially in view of the fact that the emergence of resistant viral strains and the adverse side effects associated with prolonged use continue to slow down the application of effective antiviral therapies. This makes imperative the need for the development of safe and potent alternatives to conventional antiviral drugs. In the present scenario, nanoscale materials have emerged as novel antiviral agents for the possibilities offered by their unique chemical and physical properties. Silver nanoparticles have mainly been studied for their antimicrobial potential against bacteria, but have also proven to be active against several types of viruses including human imunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and monkey pox virus. The use of metal nanoparticles provides an interesting opportunity for novel antiviral therapies. Since metals may attack a broad range of targets in the virus there is a lower possibility to develop resistance as compared to conventional antivirals. The present review focuses on the development of methods for the production of silver nanoparticles and on their use as antiviral therapeutics against pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.G.); (A.F.); (M.C.)
- CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences, - Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
- IBB CNR, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.G.); (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Marco Cantisani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biostructures, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (S.G.); (A.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Veronica Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.V.); (V.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy; E-Mails: (M.V.); (V.M.)
- CIRPeB, Department of Biological Sciences, - Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
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