51
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Le Marchand L. The role of heterocyclic aromatic amines in colorectal cancer: the evidence from epidemiologic studies. Genes Environ 2021; 43:20. [PMID: 34099058 PMCID: PMC8183058 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Dr. Sugimura’s discovery of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) in broiled fish, many epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate their role in human cancers, often focusing on colorectal cancer. The difficulty in measuring HAA exposure from meat and fish intake in these studies has resulted in inconsistent findings. Because studying individuals who may be particularly susceptible to the carcinogenic effects of HAA might facilitate the demonstration of a link with cancer, multiple studies have focused on individuals with the high activity phenotype for CYP1A2 and/or NAT2, the two main metabolic enzymes involved in the bioactivation of HAA. These investigations have also yielded inconsistent results. Two recent large pooled analyses of colorectal cancer studies have helped clarify the overall evidence. One was conducted in whites and reported no interaction of red meat intake and NAT2 genotype on risk in Whites. The other was conducted in Japanese and African Americans, two populations with high rates of the disease and a prevalence of the at-risk rapid NAT2 phenotype 10- and 2-fold greater than in whites, respectively. In those groups, a significant interaction was found, with the association of red meat with colorectal cancer being strongest among individuals with the rapid NAT2 phenotype, intermediate among those with the intermediate phenotype and not significant among those with the slow NAT2 phenotype. Recent research on biomarkers has focused on PhIP hair content, as a marker of exposure to HAA, and on DNA adducts using new sensitive quantitative methods, as markers of early biological effects. These advances, when brought to bear, may contribute greatly to the further elucidation of the carcinogenicity of HAA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 9681, USA.
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52
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Bellamri M, Brandt K, Brown CV, Wu MT, Turesky RJ. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the carcinogen aristolochic acid I (AA-I) in human bladder RT4 cells. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2189-2199. [PMID: 33938965 PMCID: PMC8284306 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA-I) induces upper urothelial tract cancer (UUTC) and bladder cancer (BC) in humans. AA-I forms the 7-(2'-deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)aristolactam I (dA-AL-I) adduct, which induces multiple A:T-to-T:A transversion mutations in TP53 of AA-I exposed UTUC patients. This mutation is rarely reported in TP53 of other transitional cell carcinomas and thus recognized as an AA-I mutational signature. A:T-to-T:A transversion mutations were recently detected in bladder tumors of patients in Asia with known AA-I-exposure, implying that AA-I contributes to BC. Mechanistic studies on AA-I genotoxicity have not been reported in human bladder. In this study, we examined AA-I DNA adduct formation and mechanisms of toxicity in the human RT4 bladder cell line. The biological potencies of AA-I were compared to 4-aminobiphenyl, a recognized human bladder carcinogen, and several structurally related carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA), which are present in urine of smokers and omnivores. AA-I (0.05-10 µM) induced a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. AA-I (100 nM) DNA adduct formation occurred at over a thousand higher levels than the principal DNA adducts formed with 4-ABP or HAAs (1 µM). dA-AL-I adduct formation was detected down to a 1 nM concentration. Studies with selective chemical inhibitors provided evidence that NQO1 is the major enzyme involved in AA-I bio-activation in RT4 cells, whereas CYP1A1, another enzyme implicated in AA-I toxicity, had a lesser role in bio-activation or detoxification of AA-I. AA-I DNA damage also induced genotoxic stress leading to p53-dependent apoptosis. These biochemical data support the human mutation data and a role for AA-I in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kyle Brandt
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christina V Brown
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, CS Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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53
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Lawana V, Um SY, Rochet JC, Turesky RJ, Shannahan JH, Cannon JR. Neuromelanin Modulates Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:171-188. [PMID: 31562763 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are mutagens and potential human carcinogens. Our group and others have demonstrated that HAAs may also produce selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity, potentially relevant to Parkinson's disease (PD). The goal of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of HAA-induced neurotoxicity through examining a translational biochemical weakness of common PD models. Neuromelanin is a pigmented byproduct of dopamine metabolism that has been debated as being both neurotoxic and neuroprotective in PD. Importantly, neuromelanin is known to bind and potentially release dopaminergic neurotoxicants, including HAAs (eg, β-carbolines such as harmane). Binding of other HAA subclasses (ie, aminoimidazoaazarenes) to neuromelanin has not been investigated, nor has a specific role for neuromelanin in mediating HAA-induced neurotoxicity been examined. Thus, we investigated the role of neuromelanin in modulating HAA-induced neurotoxicity. We characterized melanin from Sepia officinalis and synthetic dopamine melanin, proposed neuromelanin analogs with similar biophysical properties. Using a cell-free assay, we demonstrated strong binding of harmane and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) to neuromelanin analogs. To increase cellular neuromelanin, we transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with tyrosinase. Relative to controls, tyrosinase-expressing cells exhibited increased neuromelanin levels, cellular HAA uptake, cell toxicity, and oxidative damage. Given that typical cellular and rodent PD models form far lower neuromelanin levels than humans, there is a critical translational weakness in assessing HAA-neurotoxicity. The primary impacts of these results are identification of a potential mechanism by which HAAs accumulate in catecholaminergic neurons and support for the need to conduct neurotoxicity studies in systems forming neuromelanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Lawana
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | | | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience
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54
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Savinova O, Yerzhanova M. Heterocyclic aromatic amines in food as mutagenesis factors. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Savinova
- Department of Pharmacy I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Mira Yerzhanova
- Department of Automation and Telecommunications M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz State University Taraz Kazakhstan
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55
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Hölzl-Armstrong L, Kucab JE, Zwart EP, Luijten M, Phillips DH, Arlt VM. Mutagenicity of N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl in human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:252-264. [PMID: 33620775 DOI: 10.1002/em.22429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
TP53 harbors somatic mutations in more than half of human tumors with some showing characteristic mutation spectra that have been linked to environmental exposures. In bladder cancer, a unique distribution of mutations amongst several codons of TP53 has been hypothesized to be caused by environmental carcinogens including 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). 4-ABP undergoes metabolic activation to N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl (N-OH-4-ABP) and forms pre-mutagenic adducts in DNA, of which N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-ABP (dG-C8-4-ABP) is the major one. Human TP53 knock-in mouse embryo fibroblasts (HUFs) are a useful model to study the influence of environmental carcinogens on TP53-mutagenesis. By performing the HUF immortalization assay (HIMA) TP53-mutant HUFs are generated and mutations can be identified by sequencing. Here we studied the induction of mutations in human TP53 after treatment of primary HUFs with N-OH-4-ABP. In addition, mutagenicity in the bacterial lacZ reporter gene and the formation of dG-C8-4-ABP, measured by 32 P-postlabelling analysis, were determined in N-OH-4-ABP-treated primary HUFs. A total of 6% TP53-mutants were identified after treatment with 40 μM N-OH-4-ABP for 24 hr (n = 150) with G>C/C>G transversion being the main mutation type. The mutation spectrum found in the TP53 gene of immortalized N-OH-4-ABP-treated HUFs was unlike the one found in human bladder cancer. DNA adduct formation (~40 adducts/108 nucleotides) was detected after 24 hr treatment with 40 μM N-OH-4-ABP, but lacZ mutagenicity was not observed. Adduct levels decreased substantially (sixfold) after a 24 hr recovery period indicating that primary HUFs can efficiently repair the dG-C8-4-ABP adduct possibly before mutations are fixed. In conclusion, the observed difference in the N-OH-4-ABP-induced TP53 mutation spectrum to that observed in human bladder tumors do not support a role of 4-ABP in human bladder cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hölzl-Armstrong
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jill E Kucab
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Toxicology Department, GAB Consulting GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
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56
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Ibrahim R, Brix A, Malarkey DE, Nyska A, Asif M, Ramot Y. Chemical-Induced Oral Squamous Cell Neoplasms in Rodents: An Overview of NTP 2-Year Cancer Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1062-1076. [PMID: 33576321 DOI: 10.1177/0192623321989956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide, and lifestyle factors participate in its development. Rodent studies can help identify substances that contribute to its development and provide information on the early stages of carcinogenicity. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has conducted more than 500 short-term and 2-year toxicology and carcinogenicity studies in rodents, and some of the tested compounds resulted in oral cancer. Our goal was to review the NTP carcinogenic studies to describe those chemicals that have oral carcinogenic outcome in rodents. For this project, we reviewed the results from all NTP carcinogenicity studies and a board-certified veterinary pathologist reviewed the slides from all neoplasms in the oral cavity that were considered treatment related. We have identified 26 chemicals with an adverse effect in the oral cavity. Fourteen chemicals demonstrated clear evidence of carcinogenicity in the oral cavity. We provide information on the carcinogenic findings in rodents together with a detailed description of the morphologic aspects of the oral cancers and speculate that the carcinogenic effects can be induced by different pathological modes of action. The findings reviewed here provide indicators for potential oral carcinogenesis processes in rodent models, which can be further investigated in future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amy Brix
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David E Malarkey
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Toxicologic Pathology, Tel Aviv and 26745Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michal Asif
- Faculty of Medicine, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Ramot
- Faculty of Medicine, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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57
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Marques H, Cruz-Vicente P, Rosado T, Barroso M, Passarinha LA, Gallardo E. Recent Developments in the Determination of Biomarkers of Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Biological Specimens: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1768. [PMID: 33670326 PMCID: PMC7918937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and smoking have been described as the most prevalent factors in the development of certain diseases worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, more than 8 million people die every year due to exposure to tobacco, around 7 million due to direct ETS and the remaining due to exposure to second-hand smoke. Both active and second-hand exposure can be measured and controlled using specific biomarkers of tobacco and its derivatives, allowing the development of more efficient public health policies. Exposure to these compounds can be measured using different methods (involving for instance liquid- or gas-chromatographic procedures) in a wide range of biological specimens to estimate the type and degree of tobacco exposure. In recent years, a lot of research has been carried out using different extraction methods and different analytical equipment; this way, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction or even miniaturized procedures have been used, followed by chromatographic analysis coupled mainly to mass spectrometric detection. Through this type of methodologies, second-hand smokers can be distinguished from active smokers, and this is also valid for e-cigarettes and vapers, among others, using their specific biomarkers. This review will focus on recent developments in the determination of tobacco smoke biomarkers, including nicotine and other tobacco alkaloids, specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. The methods for their detection will be discussed in detail, as well as the potential use of threshold values to distinguish between types of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernâni Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cruz-Vicente
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- C4—Centro de Competências em Cloud Computing da Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, 1150-219 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (H.M.); (P.C.-V.); (T.R.); (L.A.P.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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58
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Štampar M, Sedighi Frandsen H, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Wrzesinski K, Filipič M, Žegura B. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell-based 3D model for genotoxicity testing of chemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143255. [PMID: 33187710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The major weakness of the current in vitro genotoxicity test systems is the inability of the indicator cells to express metabolic enzymes needed for the activation and detoxification of genotoxic compounds, which consequently can lead to misleading results. Thus, there is a significant emphasis on developing hepatic cell models, including advanced in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cell-based systems, which better imitate in vivo cell behaviour and offer more accurate and predictive data for human exposures. In this study, we developed an approach for genotoxicity testing with 21-day old spheroids formed from human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2/C3A) using the dynamic clinostat bioreactor system (CelVivo BAM/bioreactor) under controlled conditions. The spheroids were exposed to indirect-acting genotoxic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon [PAH; benzo(a) pyrene B(a)P], and heterocyclic aromatic amine [PhIP]) at non-cytotoxic concentrations for 24 and 96 h. The results showed that both environmental pollutants B(a)P and PhIP significantly increased the level of DNA strand breaks assessed by the comet assay. Further, the mRNA level of selected genes encoding metabolic enzymes from phase I and II, and DNA damage responsive genes was determined (qPCR). The 21-day old spheroids showed higher basal expression of genes encoding metabolic enzymes compared to monolayer culture. In spheroids, B(a)P or PhIP induced compound-specific up-regulation of genes implicated in their metabolism, and deregulation of genes implicated in DNA damage and immediate-early response. The study demonstrated that this model utilizing HepG2/C3A spheroids grown under dynamic clinostat conditions represents a very sensitive and promising in vitro model for genotoxicity and environmental studies and can thus significantly contribute to a more reliable assessment of genotoxic activities of pure chemicals, and complex environmental samples even at very low for environmental exposure relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Štampar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Helle Sedighi Frandsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Metka Filipič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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59
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Hölzl-Armstrong L, Nævisdal A, Cox JA, Long AS, Chepelev NL, Phillips DH, White PA, Arlt VM. In vitro mutagenicity of selected environmental carcinogens and their metabolites in MutaMouse FE1 lung epithelial cells. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:453-463. [PMID: 33399867 PMCID: PMC7846080 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals in commerce or under development must be assessed for genotoxicity; assessment is generally conducted using validated assays (e.g. Tk mouse lymphoma assay) as part of a regulatory process. Currently, the MutaMouse FE1 cell mutagenicity assay is undergoing validation for eventual use as a standard in vitro mammalian mutagenicity assay. FE1 cells have been shown to be metabolically competent with respect to some cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes; for instance, they can convert the human carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene into its proximate mutagenic metabolite. However, some contradictory results have been noted for other genotoxic carcinogens that require two-step metabolic activation (e.g. 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline). Here, we examined three known or suspected human carcinogens, namely acrylamide, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), together with their proximate metabolites (i.e. glycidamide, N-OH-PhIP and N-OH-4-ABP), to aid in the validation of the FE1 cell mutagenicity assay. Assessments of the parent compounds were conducted both in the presence and absence of an exogenous metabolic activation mixture S9; assessments of the metabolites were in the absence of S9. The most potent compound was N-OH-PhIP -S9, which elicited a mutant frequency (MF) level 5.3-fold over background at 5 µM. There was a 4.3-fold increase for PhIP +S9 at 5 µM, a 1.7-fold increase for glycidamide -S9 at 3.5 mM and a 1.5-fold increase for acrylamide +S9 at 4 mM. Acrylamide -S9 elicited a marginal 1.4-fold MF increase at 8 mM. Treatment with PhIP -S9, 4-ABP ±S9 and N-OH-4-ABP -S9 failed to elicit significant increases in lacZ MF with any of the treatment conditions tested. Gene expression of key CYP isozymes was quantified by RT-qPCR. Cyp1a1, 1a2 and 1b1 are required to metabolise PhIP and 4-ABP. Results showed that treatment with both compounds induced expression of Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 but not Cyp1a2. Cyp2e1, which catalyses the bioactivation of acrylamide to glycidamide, was not induced after acrylamide treatment. Overall, our results confirm that the FE1 cell mutagenicity assay has the potential for use alongside other, more traditional in vitro mutagenicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hölzl-Armstrong
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Nævisdal
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Julie A Cox
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra S Long
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikolai L Chepelev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul A White
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
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60
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Hölzl-Armstrong L, Moody S, Kucab JE, Zwart EP, Bellamri M, Luijten M, Turesky RJ, Stratton MR, Arlt VM, Phillips DH. Mutagenicity of 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP) in human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111855. [PMID: 33189884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a possible human carcinogen formed in cooked fish and meat. PhIP is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), a genotoxic metabolite that reacts with DNA leading to the mutation-prone DNA adduct N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-PhIP (dG-C8-PhIP). Here, we studied N-OH-PhIP-induced whole genome mutagenesis in human TP53 knock-in (Hupki) mouse embryo fibroblasts (HUFs) immortalised and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). In addition, mutagenicity of N-OH-PhIP in TP53 and the lacZ reporter gene were assessed. TP53 mutant frequency in HUF cultures treated with N-OH-PhIP (2.5 μM for 24 h, n = 90) was 10% while no TP53 mutations were found in untreated controls (DMSO for 24 h, n = 6). All N-OH-PhIP-induced TP53 mutations occurred at G:C base pairs with G > T/C > A transversions accounting for 58% of them. TP53 mutations characteristic of those induced by N-OH-PhIP have been found in human tumours including breast and colorectal, which are cancer types that have been associated with PhIP exposure. LacZ mutant frequency increased 25-fold at 5 μM N-OH-PHIP and up to ~350 dG-C8-PhIP adducts/108 nucleosides were detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation multistage scan mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS3) at this concentration. In addition, a WGS mutational signature defined by G > T/C > A transversions was present in N-OH-PhIP-treated immortalised clones, which showed similarity to COSMIC SBS4, 18 and 29 signatures found in human tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hölzl-Armstrong
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sarah Moody
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jill E Kucab
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, 3720 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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Ueno T, Ishida T, Aluri J, Suzuki M, Beuckmann CT, Kameyama T, Asakura S, Kusano K. Disposition and Metabolism of [14C]Lemborexant in Healthy Human Subjects and Characterization of Its Circulating Metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:31-38. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Elmassry MM, Zayed A, Farag MA. Gut homeostasis and microbiota under attack: impact of the different types of food contaminants on gut health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:738-763. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moamen M. Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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Peterson LA, Balbo S, Fujioka N, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Stepanov I, Tretyakova NY, Turesky RJ, Villalta PW. Applying Tobacco, Environmental, and Dietary-Related Biomarkers to Understand Cancer Etiology and Evaluate Prevention Strategies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1904-1919. [PMID: 32051197 PMCID: PMC7423750 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human cancers are caused by environmental and lifestyle factors. Biomarkers of exposure and risk developed by our team have provided critical data on internal exposure to toxic and genotoxic chemicals and their connection to cancer in humans. This review highlights our research using biomarkers to identify key factors influencing cancer risk as well as their application to assess the effectiveness of exposure intervention and chemoprevention protocols. The use of these biomarkers to understand individual susceptibility to the harmful effects of tobacco products is a powerful example of the value of this type of research and has provided key data confirming the link between tobacco smoke exposure and cancer risk. Furthermore, this information has led to policy changes that have reduced tobacco use and consequently, the tobacco-related cancer burden. Recent technological advances in mass spectrometry led to the ability to detect DNA damage in human tissues as well as the development of adductomic approaches. These new methods allowed for the detection of DNA adducts in tissues from patients with cancer, providing key evidence that exposure to carcinogens leads to DNA damage in the target tissue. These advances will provide valuable insights into the etiologic causes of cancer that are not tobacco-related.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Peter W Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Gutiérrez-Pacheco SL, Valenzuela-Melendres M, Hernández-Mendoza A, Burgos-Hernández A, Robles-Zepeda RE, Peña-Ramos EA. Antimutagenic effect of an Asclepias subulata extract against heterocyclic aromatic amines commonly found in cooked meat and its heat stability. Food Chem 2020; 322:126725. [PMID: 32283373 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The antimutagenicity of an extract from the medicinal plant Asclepias subulata (ASE) against heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) commonly found in cooked meat, as well as its stability to heat treatment (HT), was evaluated. HT (180 °C/3 min) had no effect on the content in ASE of the bioactive compound corotoxigenin-3-O-glucopyranoside; conversely, calotropin significantly decreased by 72%. ASE exerted antimutagenicity against PhIP, MelQ, and MelQx in TA98 and TA100 Salmonella strains, and this activity was not affected by heat, with the exception of MelQ (p < 0.05). Since HAAs can induce colorectal cancer, the thermal stability of ASE's antiproliferative effect against colorectal cancer cells was also evaluated. HT decreased (p < 0.05) the antiproliferative activity of ASE; however, the remaining activity was still strong with an IC50 of 16.8 ± 2.03 µg/mL. Therefore, ASE can be used as a food ingredient to reduce the carcinogenic potential of thermally induced HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaria L Gutiérrez-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Martin Valenzuela-Melendres
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, Mexico.
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, Mexico.
| | - Armando Burgos-Hernández
- Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83000, Mexico.
| | - Ramón E Robles-Zepeda
- Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales SN, Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83000, Mexico.
| | - E Aída Peña-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, Mexico.
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Hartwig A, Arand M, Epe B, Guth S, Jahnke G, Lampen A, Martus HJ, Monien B, Rietjens IMCM, Schmitz-Spanke S, Schriever-Schwemmer G, Steinberg P, Eisenbrand G. Mode of action-based risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1787-1877. [PMID: 32542409 PMCID: PMC7303094 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk assessment of chemical carcinogens is one major task in toxicology. Even though exposure has been mitigated effectively during the last decades, low levels of carcinogenic substances in food and at the workplace are still present and often not completely avoidable. The distinction between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens has traditionally been regarded as particularly relevant for risk assessment, with the assumption of the existence of no-effect concentrations (threshold levels) in case of the latter group. In contrast, genotoxic carcinogens, their metabolic precursors and DNA reactive metabolites are considered to represent risk factors at all concentrations since even one or a few DNA lesions may in principle result in mutations and, thus, increase tumour risk. Within the current document, an updated risk evaluation for genotoxic carcinogens is proposed, based on mechanistic knowledge regarding the substance (group) under investigation, and taking into account recent improvements in analytical techniques used to quantify DNA lesions and mutations as well as "omics" approaches. Furthermore, wherever possible and appropriate, special attention is given to the integration of background levels of the same or comparable DNA lesions. Within part A, fundamental considerations highlight the terms hazard and risk with respect to DNA reactivity of genotoxic agents, as compared to non-genotoxic agents. Also, current methodologies used in genetic toxicology as well as in dosimetry of exposure are described. Special focus is given on the elucidation of modes of action (MOA) and on the relation between DNA damage and cancer risk. Part B addresses specific examples of genotoxic carcinogens, including those humans are exposed to exogenously and endogenously, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the corresponding alcohols as well as some alkylating agents, ethylene oxide, and acrylamide, but also examples resulting from exogenous sources like aflatoxin B1, allylalkoxybenzenes, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), benzo[a]pyrene and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Additionally, special attention is given to some carcinogenic metal compounds, which are considered indirect genotoxins, by accelerating mutagenicity via interactions with the cellular response to DNA damage even at low exposure conditions. Part C finally encompasses conclusions and perspectives, suggesting a refined strategy for the assessment of the carcinogenic risk associated with an exposure to genotoxic compounds and addressing research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jahnke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Martus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Schriever-Schwemmer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Retired Senior Professor for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Syeda T, Foguth RM, Llewellyn E, Cannon JR. PhIP exposure in rodents produces neuropathology potentially relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Toxicology 2020; 437:152436. [PMID: 32169473 PMCID: PMC7218929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a public health crisis due to debilitating cognitive symptoms and lack of curative treatments, in the context of increasing prevalence. Thus, it is critical to identify modifiable risk factors. High levels of meat consumption may increase AD risk. Many toxins are formed during meat cooking such as heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). Our prior studies have shown that HAAs produce dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Given the mechanistic and pathological overlap between AD and dopaminergic disorders we investigated whether exposure to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), a prevalent dietary HAA formed during high-temperature meat cooking, may produce AD-relevant neurotoxicity. Here, C57BL/6 mice were treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg PhIP for 8 h or 75 mg/kg for 4 weeks and 16 weeks. PhIP exposure for 8 h produced oxidative damage, and AD-relevant alterations in hippocampal synaptic proteins, Amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), and β-Site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). PhIP exposure for 4 weeks resulted in an increase in BACE1. PhIP exposure for 16 weeks resulted in increased hippocampal oxidative damage, APP, BACE1, Aβ aggregation, and tau phosphorylation. Quantification of intracellular nitrotyrosine revealed oxidative damage in cholinergic neurons after 8 h, 4 weeks and 16 weeks of PhIP exposure. Our study demonstrates that increase in oxidative damage, APP and BACE1 might be a possible mechanism by which PhIP promotes Aβ aggregation. Given many patients with AD or PD exhibit neuropathological overlap, our study suggests that HAA exposure should be further studied for roles in mediating pathogenic overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Rachel M Foguth
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States
| | - Emily Llewellyn
- Summer Research Opportunities Program, Purdue, University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah, 84058, United States
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
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Kamankesh M, Mollahosseini A, Mohammadi A, Seidi S. Haas in grilled meat: Determination using an advanced lab-on-a-chip flat electromembrane extraction coupled with on-line HPLC. Food Chem 2020; 311:125876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Akhtar S, Najafzadeh M, Isreb M, Newton L, Gopalan RC, Anderson D. Ex vivo/in vitro protective effect of myricetin bulk and nano-forms on PhIP-induced DNA damage in lymphocytes from healthy individuals and pre-cancerous MGUS patients. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2349-2357. [PMID: 32342131 PMCID: PMC7367907 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a central dietary mutagen, produced when proteinaceous food is heated at very high temperatures potentially causing DNA strand breaks. This study investigates the protective potential of a well-researched flavonoid, myricetin in its bulk and nano-forms against oxidative stress induced ex vivo/in vitro by PhIP in lymphocytes from pre-cancerous monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients and those from healthy individuals. The results from the Comet assay revealed that in the presence of myricetin bulk (10 µM) and myricetin nano (20 µM), the DNA damage caused by a high dose of PhIP (100 µM) was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in both groups. However, nano has shown better protection in lymphocytes from pre-cancerous patients. Consistent results were obtained from the micronucleus assay where micronuclei frequency in binucleated cells significantly decreased upon supplementing PhIP with myricetin bulk (P < 0.01) and myricetin nano (P < 0.001), compared to the PhIP treatment alone. To briefly determine the cellular pathways involved in the protective role of myricetin against PhIP, we studied gene expression of P53 and ATR kinase (ATM- and Rad3-related), using the real-time PCR technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Akhtar
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Building, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Mojgan Najafzadeh
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Building, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Mohammad Isreb
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Lisa Newton
- Bradford Royal Infirmary (BRI), Bradford, UK
| | - Rajendran C Gopalan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Diana Anderson
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Building, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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Yun BH, Guo J, Bellamri M, Turesky RJ. DNA adducts: Formation, biological effects, and new biospecimens for mass spectrometric measurements in humans. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:55-82. [PMID: 29889312 PMCID: PMC6289887 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous chemicals in the environment and diet or their electrophilic metabolites can form adducts with genomic DNA, which can lead to mutations and the initiation of cancer. In addition, reactive intermediates can be generated in the body through oxidative stress and damage the genome. The identification and measurement of DNA adducts are required for understanding exposure and the causal role of a genotoxic chemical in cancer risk. Over the past three decades, 32 P-postlabeling, immunoassays, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods have been established to assess exposures to chemicals through measurements of DNA adducts. It is now possible to measure some DNA adducts in human biopsy samples, by LC/MS, with as little as several milligrams of tissue. In this review article, we highlight the formation and biological effects of DNA adducts, and highlight our advances in human biomonitoring by mass spectrometric analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, untapped biospecimens for carcinogen DNA adduct biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - Jingshu Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, United States
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A screen-printed electrode modified with silver nanoparticles and carbon nanofibers in a nafion matrix for ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and voltammetric assay of heterocyclic amine 8-MeIQx in food. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:190. [PMID: 32103341 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method is described for the determination of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx) which is a heterocyclic aromatic amine formed in cooked food samples. The method uses a screen-printed carbon nanofiber electrode that is modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a Nafion matrix. The surface of the modified electrode was characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The average size of the AgNPs is 14 nm. The modified electrode exhibits good properties in terms of reversibility, fast kinetics of electron transfer, and large electroactive area toward the reduction of 8-MeIQx. Differential pulse voltammetry is the most suitable electrochemical technique for quantification of 8-MeIQx, best at a voltage of -0.21 V (versus Ag reference electrode). The first derivative serves as the analytical signal that increases linearly in the 0.015-40 mg L-1 8-MeIQx concentration range, with a 5 μg L-1 detection limit. A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure assisted via ionic liquid was developed to isolate the analyte from real samples. The whole extraction-preconcentration and voltammetric method allows to determine 30 and 70 μg L-1 in (spiked) bouillon cube, meat broth, beer and wine, with recoveries in the 93.6-110.4% range. Graphical abstractSchematic presentation for the analysis of aromatic amine 8-MeIQx, resultant compound from cooking meat. Extracted sample solution was placed onto modified electrode surface thus obtaining voltammetric analytical signal. So, quantification atrelevant levels can be performed.
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The Multifarious Link between Cytochrome P450s and Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3028387. [PMID: 31998435 PMCID: PMC6964729 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3028387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cytochrome P450s (P450s) play an important role in the metabolism of endogenous as well as exogenous substances, especially drugs. Moreover, many P450s can serve as targets for disease therapy. Increasing reports of epidemiological, diagnostic, and clinical research indicate that P450s are enzymes that play a major part in the formation of cancer, prevention, and metastasis. The purposes of this review are to shed light on the current state of knowledge about the cancer molecular mechanism involving P450s and to summarize the link between the cancer effects and the participation of P450s.
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Heterocyclic aromatic amine concentrations and quality characteristics of traditional smoked and roasted poultry products on the northern Chinese market. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang L, Wang L, Li Y, Xia Y, Chang CM, Xia B, Sosnoff CS, Pine BN, deCastro BR, Blount BC. Evaluation of Tobacco Smoke and Diet as Sources of Exposure to Two Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines for the U.S. Population: NHANES 2013-2014. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:103-111. [PMID: 31575556 PMCID: PMC6954285 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) are a group of hazardous substances produced during combustion of tobacco or high-temperature cooking of meats. 2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) is a major carcinogenic HAA in tobacco smoke. METHODS Urinary AαC, used as a marker of AαC exposure, was analyzed on spot urine samples from adult participants of the 2013-2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1,792). AαC was measured using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Exclusive combusted tobacco smokers were differentiated from nonusers of tobacco products through both self-report and serum cotinine data. RESULTS Among exclusive smokers, sample-weighted median urinary AαC was 40 times higher than nonusers. Sample-weighted regression models showed that urinary AαC increased significantly with serum cotinine among both exclusive tobacco users and nonusers with secondhand smoke exposure. Among nonusers, eating beef cooked at high temperature was associated with a significant increase in urinary AαC, whereas consuming vegetables was associated with decreased AαC. In addition, smoking one-half pack of cigarettes per day was associated with a significant increase of 23.6 pg AαC/mL calculated at geometric mean of AαC, controlling for potential confounders. In comparison, increase in AαC attributable to consuming the 99th percentile of beef cooked at high temperature was 0.99 pg AαC/mL. CONCLUSIONS Both exclusive smokers and nonusers of tobacco in the general U.S. population are exposed to AαC from tobacco smoke, with additional, lesser contributions from certain dietary components. IMPACT AαC is an important biomarker that is associated with tobacco smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Lanqing Wang
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yao Li
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yang Xia
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cindy M Chang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Baoyun Xia
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Connie S Sosnoff
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brittany N Pine
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - B Rey deCastro
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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74
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Cuparencu C, Praticó G, Hemeryck LY, Sri Harsha PSC, Noerman S, Rombouts C, Xi M, Vanhaecke L, Hanhineva K, Brennan L, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of meat and seafood intake: an extensive literature review. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:35. [PMID: 31908682 PMCID: PMC6937850 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat, including fish and shellfish, represents a valuable constituent of most balanced diets. Consumption of different types of meat and fish has been associated with both beneficial and adverse health effects. While white meats and fish are generally associated with positive health outcomes, red and especially processed meats have been associated with colorectal cancer and other diseases. The contribution of these foods to the development or prevention of chronic diseases is still not fully elucidated. One of the main problems is the difficulty in properly evaluating meat intake, as the existing self-reporting tools for dietary assessment may be imprecise and therefore affected by systematic and random errors. Dietary biomarkers measured in biological fluids have been proposed as possible objective measurements of the actual intake of specific foods and as a support for classical assessment methods. Good biomarkers for meat intake should reflect total dietary intake of meat, independent of source or processing and should be able to differentiate meat consumption from that of other protein-rich foods; alternatively, meat intake biomarkers should be specific to each of the different meat sources (e.g., red vs. white; fish, bird, or mammal) and/or cooking methods. In this paper, we present a systematic investigation of the scientific literature while providing a comprehensive overview of the possible biomarker(s) for the intake of different types of meat, including fish and shellfish, and processed and heated meats according to published guidelines for biomarker reviews (BFIrev). The most promising biomarkers are further validated for their usefulness for dietary assessment by published validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Cuparencu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticó
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lieselot Y. Hemeryck
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pedapati S. C. Sri Harsha
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Caroline Rombouts
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Belfield 4, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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75
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Chen X, Jia W, Zhu L, Mao L, Zhang Y. Recent advances in heterocyclic aromatic amines: An update on food safety and hazardous control from food processing to dietary intake. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:124-148. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Wei Jia
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Li Zhu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of NutritionSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou China
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76
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A colorectal cancer diet quality index is inversely associated with colorectal cancer in the Malmö diet and cancer study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 28:463-471. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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77
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Cai A, Wilson KA, Patnaik S, Wetmore SD, Cho BP. DNA base sequence effects on bulky lesion-induced conformational heterogeneity during DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6356-6370. [PMID: 29800374 PMCID: PMC6158707 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Aminobiphenyl (ABP) and its structure analog 2-aminofluorene (AF) are well-known carcinogens. In the present work, an unusual sequence effect in the 5′-CTTCTG1G2TCCTCATTC-3′ DNA duplex is reported for ABP- and AF-modified G. Specifically, the ABP modification at G1 resulted in a mixture of 67% major groove B-type (B) and 33% stacked (S) conformers, while at the ABP modification at G2 exclusively resulted in the B-conformer. The AF modification at G1 and G2 lead to 25%:75% and 83%:17% B:S population ratios, respectively. These differences in preferred conformation are due to an interplay between stabilizing (hydrogen bonding and stacking that is enhanced by lesion planarity) and destabilizing (solvent exposure) forces at the lesion site. Furthermore, while the B-conformer is a thermodynamic stabilizer and the S-conformer is a destabilizer in duplex settings, the situation is reversed at the single strands/double strands (ss/ds) junction. Specifically, the twisted biphenyl is a better stacker at the ss/ds junction than the coplanar AF. Therefore, the ABP modification leads to a stronger strand binding affinity of the ss/ds junction than the AF modification. Overall, the current work provides conformational insights into the role of sequence and lesion effects in modulating DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Cai
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Katie A Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Satyakam Patnaik
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Stacey D Wetmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bongsup P Cho
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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78
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Yih Hui B, Mohamad Zain NN, Mohamad S, Mohamed Fauzi H, Alias Y, Chandrasekaram K, Rahim NY, Yahaya N, Raoov M. Determination of Aromatic Amines in Urine using Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis: A Minireview. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boon Yih Hui
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumuthini Chandrasekaram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Yani Rahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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79
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Linghu Z, Karim F, Taghvaei M, Smith JS. Determination of Heterocyclic Amines in Meat Matrices Using Enhanced Matrix Removal‐Lipid Extraction and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1992-2002. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Linghu
- Food Science Inst.Kansas State Univ. 208 Call Hall, 1530 Mid‐Campus Drive North Manhattan KS 66506 U.S.A
| | - Faris Karim
- Food Science Inst.Kansas State Univ. 208 Call Hall, 1530 Mid‐Campus Drive North Manhattan KS 66506 U.S.A
| | - Mostafa Taghvaei
- Food Science Inst.Kansas State Univ. 208 Call Hall, 1530 Mid‐Campus Drive North Manhattan KS 66506 U.S.A
| | - J. Scott Smith
- Food Science Inst.Kansas State Univ. 208 Call Hall, 1530 Mid‐Campus Drive North Manhattan KS 66506 U.S.A
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80
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Bellamri M, Yao L, Bonala R, Johnson F, Von Weymarn LB, Turesky RJ. Bioactivation of the tobacco carcinogens 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) in human bladder RT4 cells. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1893-1902. [PMID: 31203411 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Occupational and tobacco exposure to aromatic amines (AAs) including 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) and 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) are associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk. Several epidemiological studies have also reported a possible role for structurally related heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formed in tobacco smoke or cooked meats with BC risk. We had screened for DNA adducts of 4-ABP, 2-NA, and several prominent HAAs formed in tobacco smoke or grilled meats including 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC) in the bladder DNA of BC patients, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We detected DNA adducts of 4-ABP, but not adducts of the other carcinogens. In this study, we have examined the capacity of RT4 cells, an epithelial human bladder cell line, to bioactivate AAs and HAAs to DNA damaging agents, which may contribute to BC. 4-ABP and AαC formed DNA adducts, but DNA adducts of 2-NA, PhIP, and MeIQx were not detected. 4-ABP DNA adducts were formed at tenfold higher levels than AαC adducts. Pretreatment of RT4 cells with α-naphthoflavone (1-10 µM), a specific cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) inhibitor, decreased AαC adduct formation by 50% but did not affect the level of 4-ABP adducts. However, cell pretreatment with 8-methoxypsoralen (0.1-1 µM), a potent inhibitor of CYP2A, resulted in a 90% decrease of 4-ABP DNA adducts levels. These data signify that CYP2A and CYP1A isoforms expressed in the target urothelium bioactivate 4-ABP and AαC, respectively, and may be a critical feature of aromatic amine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis. The bioactivation of other tobacco and environmental AAs by bladder CYPs and their ensuing bladder DNA damage warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lihua Yao
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Radha Bonala
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Linda B Von Weymarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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81
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Bellamri M, Wang Y, Yonemori K, White KK, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Turesky RJ. Biomonitoring an albumin adduct of the cooked meat carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in humans. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1455-1462. [PMID: 30247550 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is formed in cooked meats and may be linked to dietary-associated colorectal, prostate and mammary cancers. Genotoxic N-oxidized metabolites of PhIP react with the Cys34 of albumin (Alb) to form a sulfinamide adduct, a biomarker of the biologically effective dose. We examined the kinetics of PhIP-Alb adduct formation in plasma of volunteers on a 4-week semicontrolled diet of cooked meat containing known quantities of PhIP. The adduct was below the limit of detection (LOD) (10 femtograms PhIP/mg Alb) in most subjects before the meat feeding but increased by up to 560-fold at week 4 in subjects who ate meat containing 8.0 to 11.7 μg of PhIP per 150-200 g serving. In contrast, the adduct remained below the LOD in subjects who ingested 1.2 or 3.0 μg PhIP per serving. Correlations were not seen between PhIP-Alb adduct levels and PhIP intake levels (P = 0.76), the amount of PhIP accrued in hair (P = 0.13), the amounts of N-oxidized urinary metabolites of PhIP (P = 0.66) or caffeine CYP1A2 activity (P = 0.55), a key enzyme involved in the bioactivation of PhIP. The half-life of the PhIP-Alb adduct was <2 weeks, signifying that the adduct was not stable. PhIP-Alb adduct formation is direct evidence of bioactivation of PhIP in vivo. However, the PhIP hair biomarker is a longer lived and more sensitive biomarker to assess exposure to this potential human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical Science Building, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kim Yonemori
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kami K White
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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82
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Abstract
Over the years, numerous studies have supported the premise that individuals possessing the "slow acetylator" phenotype are more at risk from developing drug side-effects. Most prominent amongst these reports are those concerned with hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy following treatment with isoniazid, lupus-like symptoms during procainamide therapy and experiencing hypersensitivity reactions to the various sulphonamide derivatives. Similarly, "slow acetylators" undergoing heavy exposure to arylamines and related carcinogens are more likely to develop bladder cancer. Contrariwise, there appears a slight risk of "rapid acetylators" developing pancreatic tumours.Other therapeutic agents for which polymorphic N-acetylation plays a minor role in their metabolism have been investigated but any impact of this metabolic difference on clinical efficacy or associated toxicity is still under question. In the search for clues as to the underlying aetiology, patient groups with many disease states have been examined for association with differences in N-acetylation and the majority have provided data that could be interpreted as equivocal. Studies have given contradictory, often opposing, results, calculated risk factors that are (perhaps) just significant but certainly not high, and patients within the cohorts who are always exceptions. Undoubtedly, other as yet unappreciated factors are at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Mitchell
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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83
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Preston GW, Phillips DH. Protein Adductomics: Analytical Developments and Applications in Human Biomonitoring. TOXICS 2019; 7:E29. [PMID: 31130613 PMCID: PMC6631498 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins contain many sites that are subject to modification by electrophiles. Detection and characterisation of these modifications can give insights into environmental agents and endogenous processes that may be contributing factors to chronic human diseases. An untargeted approach, utilising mass spectrometry to detect modified amino acids or peptides, has been applied to blood proteins haemoglobin and albumin, focusing in particular on the N-terminal valine residue of haemoglobin and the cysteine-34 residue in albumin. Technical developments to firstly detect simultaneously multiple adducts at these sites and then subsequently to identify them are reviewed here. Recent studies in which the methods have been applied to biomonitoring human exposure to environmental toxicants are described. With advances in sensitivity, high-throughput handling of samples and robust quality control, these methods have considerable potential for identifying causes of human chronic disease and of identifying individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Preston
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Science, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - David H Phillips
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Science, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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84
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Zhang J, Lacroix C, Wortmann E, Ruscheweyh HJ, Sunagawa S, Sturla SJ, Schwab C. Gut microbial beta-glucuronidase and glycerol/diol dehydratase activity contribute to dietary heterocyclic amine biotransformation. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:99. [PMID: 31096909 PMCID: PMC6524314 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consuming red and processed meat has been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is partly attributed to exposure to carcinogens such as heterocyclic amines (HCA) formed during cooking and preservation processes. The interaction of gut microbes and HCA can result in altered bioactivities and it has been shown previously that human gut microbiota can transform mutagenic HCA to a glycerol conjugate with reduced mutagenic potential. However, the major form of HCA in the colon are glucuronides (HCA-G) and it is not known whether these metabolites, via stepwise microbial hydrolysis and acrolein conjugation, are viable precursors for glycerol conjugated metabolites. We hypothesized that such a process could be concurrently catalyzed by bacterial beta-glucuronidase (B-GUS) and glycerol/diol dehydratase (GDH) activity. We therefore investigated how the HCA-G PhIP-N2-β-D-glucuronide (PhIP-G), a representative liver metabolite of PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine), which is the most abundant carcinogenic HCA in well-cooked meat, is transformed by enzymatic activity of human gut microbial representatives of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. RESULTS We employed a combination of growth and enzymatic assays, and a bioanalysis approach combined with metagenomics. B-GUS of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii converted PhIP-G to PhIP and GDH of Flavonifractor plautii, Blautia obeum, Eubacterium hallii, and Lactobacillus reuteri converted PhIP to PhIP-M1 in the presence of glycerol. In addition, B-GUS- and GDH-positive bacteria cooperatively converted PhIP-G to PhIP-M1. A screen of genes encoding B-GUS and GDH was performed for fecal microbiome data from healthy individuals (n = 103) and from CRC patients (n = 53), which revealed a decrease in abundance of taxa with confirmed GDH and HCA transformation activity in CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time demonstrates that gut microbes mediate the stepwise transformation of PhIP-G to PhIP-M1 via the intermediate production of PhIP. Findings from this study suggest that targeted manipulation with gut microbes bearing specific functions, or dietary glycerol supplementation might modify gut microbial activity to reduce HCA-induced CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Present Address: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Wortmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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85
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Barzegar F, Kamankesh M, Mohammadi A. Heterocyclic aromatic amines in cooked food: A review on formation, health risk-toxicology and their analytical techniques. Food Chem 2019; 280:240-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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86
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Bellamri M, Xiao S, Murugan P, Weight CJ, Turesky RJ. Metabolic Activation of the Cooked Meat Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine in Human Prostate. Toxicol Sci 2019; 163:543-556. [PMID: 29596660 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), an heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) formed in cooked meat, is a rodent and possible human prostate carcinogen. Recently, we identified DNA adducts of PhIP in the genome of prostate cancer patients, but adducts of 2-amino-3, 8-dimethylmidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-9 H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC), other prominent HAAs formed in cooked meats, were not detected. We have investigated the bioactivation of HAAs by Phase I and II enzymes in the human prostate (LNCaP) cell line using cytotoxicity and DNA adducts as endpoints. PhIP, MeIQx, and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, another HAA found in cooked meats, were poorly bioactivated and not toxic. The synthetic genotoxic N-hydroxylated-HAAs were also assayed in LNCaP cells with Phase II enzyme inhibitors. Notably, 2-hydroxy-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (HONH-PhIP), but not other HONH-HAAs, induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, PhIP-DNA adduct formation was 20-fold greater than adducts formed with other HONH-HAAs. Pretreatment of LNCaP cells with mefenamic acid, a specific inhibitor of sulfotransferase (SULT1A1), decreased PhIP-DNA adducts by 25%, whereas (Z)-5-(2'-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one and pentachlorophenol, inhibitors of SULTs and N-acetyltransferases (NATs), decreased the PhIP-DNA adduct levels by 75%. NATs in cytosolic fractions of LNCaP cells and human prostate catalyzed DNA binding of HONH-PhIP by up to 100-fold greater levels than for SULT and kinase activities. Recombinant NAT2 is catalytically superior to recombinant NAT1 in the bioactivation of HONH-PhIP; however, the extremely low levels of NAT2 activity in prostate suggest that NAT1 may be the major isoform involved in PhIP-DNA damage. Thus, the high susceptibility of LNCaP cells recapitulates the DNA-damaging effect of HONH-PhIP in rodent and human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building
| | - Shun Xiao
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building
| | | | | | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building
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87
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Wang Y, Narayanapillai SC, Hu Q, Fujioka N, Xing C. Detection and quantification of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) from smoker albumin and its potential as a surrogate biomarker of tobacco-specific nitrosamines exposure and bioactivation. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:11-16. [PMID: 31026483 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), two tobacco specific nitrosamine carcinogens, can form adducts with DNA and proteins via pyridyloxobutylation upon phase I enzyme-mediated bioactivation. Such DNA modifications have been proposed as the root cause to initiate carcinogenesis. Upon hydrolysis, both DNA and protein modifications would release 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB). The released HPB, being tobacco carcinogen specific, has the potential to serve as a surrogate biomarker for both tobacco exposure and carcinogen bioactivation. Because of its easy access, blood is a great source of such investigations with the potential in epidemiological application. HPB quantification from haemoglobin (Hb), however, has been demonstrated with limited success. To further explore this potentially paradigm-shift opportunity, we reported, for the first time, the detection and quantification of HPB from albumin (Alb) adducts formed by the tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mice and in human smokers. The time-course quantitative analysis of HPB from mouse Alb upon NNK exposure suggests that such an Alb adduct is stable. The amounts of HPB from Alb adducts in smoker plasma averaged 1.82 ± 0.19 pg/mg Alb (0.42 to 3.11 pg/mg Alb), which was 36 times the value in nonsmokers (0.05 ± 0.01 pg/mg Alb). Importantly, HPB level from Alb correlated positively with the level of human tobacco exposure estimated by urinary total nicotine equivalent (TNE) (R2 = 0.6170). For comparison, HPB level from Alb was 16.5 times that of Hb (0.12 ± 0.02 pg/mg Hb) in the plasma and red blood cell (RBC) samples of the same smokers. In addition, there was no significant correlation between HPB levels from Hb and TNE (R2 = 0.0719). These data overall suggest that HPB from Alb adducts can serve as a surrogate biomarker to monitor the level of tobacco exposure and carcinogenic nitrosamine bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | | | - Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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88
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Wan WX, Chen Y, Zhang J, Shen F, Luo L, Deng SH, Xiao H, Zhou W, Deng OP, Yang H, Xiao YL, Huang CR, Tian D, He JS, Wang YJ. Mechanism-based structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of aromatic amines and nitroaromatics carcinogenicity via statistical analyses based on CPDB. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 58:13-25. [PMID: 30878698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of human mortality around the globe. In this study, mechanism-based SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship) was employed to investigate the carcinogenicity of aromatic amines and nitroaromatics based on CPDB. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to construct the SAR model. Principle component analysis generated three principal components from 12 mechanism-based descriptors. The extracted principal components were later used for cluster analysis, which divided the selected 55 chemicals into six clusters. The three principal components were proposed to describe the "transport", "reactivity" and "electrophilicity" properties of the chemicals. Cluster analysis indicated that the relevant "transport" properties positively correlated with the carcinogenic potential and were contributing factors in determining the carcinogenicity of the studied chemicals. The mechanism-based SAR analysis suggested the electron donating groups, electron withdrawing groups and planarity are significant factors in determining the carcinogenic potency for studied aromatic compounds. The present study may provide insights into the relationship between the three proposed properties and the carcinogenesis of aromatic amines and nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Wan
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China; Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Chengdu, Sichuan province, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China; Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610056, Sichuan province, China.
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China; Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Shi-Huai Deng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China; Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610030, Sichuan province, China
| | - Ou-Ping Deng
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610030, Sichuan province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610030, Sichuan province, China
| | - Yin-Long Xiao
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Chu-Rui Huang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China; Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Jin-Song He
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan province, China; Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
| | - Ying-Jun Wang
- Colleges of the Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan province, China
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89
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Sayyed K, Camillerapp C, Le Vée M, Bruyère A, Nies AT, Abdel-Razzak Z, Fardel O. Inhibition of organic cation transporter (OCT) activities by carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 54:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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90
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Bellamri M, Turesky RJ. Dietary Carcinogens and DNA Adducts in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:29-55. [PMID: 31900903 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related to death in men. The major risk factors for PC are age, family history, and African American ethnicity. Epidemiological studies have reported large geographical variations in PC incidence and mortality, and thus lifestyle and dietary factors influence PC risk. High fat diet, dairy products, alcohol and red meats, are considered as risk factors for PC. This book chapter provides a comprehensive, literature-based review on dietary factors and their molecular mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis. A large portion of our knowledge is based on epidemiological studies where dietary factors such as cancer promoting agents, including high-fat, dairy products, alcohol, and cancer-initiating genotoxicants formed in cooked meats have been evaluated for PC risk. However, the precise mechanisms in the etiology of PC development remain uncertain. Additional animal and human cell-based studies are required to further our understandings of risk factors involved in PC etiology. Specific biomarkers of chemical exposures and DNA damage in the prostate can provide evidence of cancer-causing agents in the prostate. Collectively, these studies can improve public health research, nutritional education and chemoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medjda Bellamri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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91
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In silico prediction of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines metabolism susceptible to form DNA adducts in humans. Toxicol Lett 2019; 300:18-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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92
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Guo J, Villalta PW, Weight CJ, Bonala R, Johnson F, Rosenquist TA, Turesky RJ. Targeted and Untargeted Detection of DNA Adducts of Aromatic Amine Carcinogens in Human Bladder by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1382-1397. [PMID: 30387604 PMCID: PMC6424598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked aromatic amines (AAs) from tobacco smoke and some occupational exposures with bladder cancer risk. Several epidemiological studies have also reported a plausible role for structurally related heterocyclic aromatic amines present in tobacco smoke or formed in cooked meats with bladder cancer risk. DNA adduct formation is an initial biochemical event in bladder carcinogenesis. We examined paired fresh-frozen (FR) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) nontumor bladder tissues from 41 bladder cancer patients for DNA adducts of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), a bladder carcinogen present in tobacco smoke, and 2-amino-9 H-pyrido[2,3- b]indole, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline, possible human carcinogens, which occur in tobacco smoke and cooked meats. These chemicals are present in urine of tobacco smokers or omnivores. Targeted DNA adduct measurements were done by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization multistage hybrid Orbitrap MS. N-(2'-Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-ABP ( N-(dG-C8)-4-ABP) was the sole adduct detected in FR and FFPE bladder tissues. Twelve subjects (29%) had N-(dG-C8)-4-ABP levels above the limit of quantification, ranging from 1.4 to 33.8 adducts per 109 nucleotides (nt). DNA adducts of other human AA bladder carcinogens, including 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), 2-methylaniline (2-MA), 2,6-dimethylaniline (2,6-DMA), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) adducts, were screened for in bladder tissue, by our untargeted data-independent adductomics method, termed wide-selected ion monitoring (wide-SIM)/MS2. Wide-SIM/MS2 successfully detected N-(dG-C8)-4-ABP, N-(2'-deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-ABP and the presumed hydrazo linked adduct, N-(2'-deoxyguanosin- N2-yl)-4-ABP, and several LPO adducts in bladder DNA. Wide-SIM/MS2 detected multiple DNA adducts of 2-NA, 2-MA, and, 2,6-DMA, when calf thymus DNA was modified with reactive intermediates of these carcinogens. However, these AA-adducts were below the limit of detection in unspiked human bladder DNA (<1 adduct per 108 nt). Wide-SIM/MS2 can screen for many types of DNA adducts formed with exogenous and endogenous electrophiles and will be employed to identify DNA adducts of other chemicals that may contribute to the etiology of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Masonic Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Christopher J. Weight
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Radha Bonala
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Francis Johnson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Thomas A. Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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93
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Turesky RJ. Mechanistic Evidence for Red Meat and Processed Meat Intake and Cancer Risk: A Follow-up on the International Agency for Research on Cancer Evaluation of 2015. Chimia (Aarau) 2018; 72:718-724. [PMID: 30376922 PMCID: PMC6294997 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2018.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Working Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified the consumption of processed meat as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), and classified red meat as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A); consumption of both meat types is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. These classifications are based on a compilation of epidemiology data and mechanistic evidence from animal and human studies. The curing of meats with nitrite can produce carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds (NOCs), and the smoking of meat produces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The high-temperature cooking of meat also produces carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). The ingestion of heme from meat can catalyze the formation of NOCs and lipid peroxidation products (LPOs) in the digestive tract. Many of these chemicals form DNA adducts, some of which can induce mutations and initiate carcinogenesis. Another recent hypothesis is that N-glycolylneuraminic acid, a non-human sialic acid sugar present in red meat, becomes incorporated in the cell membrane, triggering the immune response with associated inflammation and reactive oxygen species, which can contribute to DNA damage, tumor promotion, and cancer. The mechanisms by which these chemicals in meat induce DNA damage, and the impact of dietary and host factors that influence the biological potency of these chemicals are highlighted in this updated report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, University of Minnestoa 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA;,
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94
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Thangavel N, Ganesan VV, Nair BU. Conformation Specific Binding of [Ru(phen)2
(dppz)]2+
with Mono- and Cluster Arylamine-DNA Adducts. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Thangavel
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory; CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
| | - Vaidyanathan V. Ganesan
- Advanced Materials Laboratory; CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
| | - Balachandran U. Nair
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory; CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar; Chennai 600 020 India
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95
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Barnes JL, Zubair M, John K, Poirier MC, Martin FL. Carcinogens and DNA damage. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1213-1224. [PMID: 30287511 PMCID: PMC6195640 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans are variously and continuously exposed to a wide range of different DNA-damaging agents, some of which are classed as carcinogens. DNA damage can arise from exposure to exogenous agents, but damage from endogenous processes is probably far more prevalent. That said, epidemiological studies of migrant populations from regions of low cancer risk to high cancer risk countries point to a role for environmental and/or lifestyle factors playing a pivotal part in cancer aetiology. One might reasonably surmise from this that carcinogens found in our environment or diet are culpable. Exposure to carcinogens is associated with various forms of DNA damage such as single-stand breaks, double-strand breaks, covalently bound chemical DNA adducts, oxidative-induced lesions and DNA-DNA or DNA-protein cross-links. This review predominantly concentrates on DNA damage induced by the following carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic aromatic amines, mycotoxins, ultraviolet light, ionising radiation, aristolochic acid, nitrosamines and particulate matter. Additionally, we allude to some of the cancer types where there is molecular epidemiological evidence that these agents are aetiological risk factors. The complex role that carcinogens play in the pathophysiology of cancer development remains obscure, but DNA damage remains pivotal to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Barnes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Maria Zubair
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Kaarthik John
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, LCBG, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A
| | - Miriam C Poirier
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, LCBG, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, U.S.A.
| | - Francis L Martin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, U.K.
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96
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Abstract
Heterocyclic aromatic amines, acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acrolein, chloropropanols and chloroesters are generated toxicants formed in some foodstuffs, mainly starchy and protein-rich food during thermal treatment such as frying, roasting and baking. The formation of these chemical compounds is associated with development of aromas, colors and flavors. One of the challenges facing the food industry today is to minimize these toxicants without adversely affecting the positive attributes of thermal processing. To achieve this objective, it is essential to have a detailed understanding of the mechanism of formation of these toxicants in processed foods. All reviewed toxicants in that paper are classified as probable, possible or potential human carcinogens and have been proven to be carcinogenic in animal studies. The purpose of that review is to summarize some of the most frequent occurring heat-generated food toxicants during conventional heating, their metabolism and carcinogenicity. Moreover, conventional and microwave heating were also compared as two different heat treatment methods, especially how they change food chemical composition and which thermal food toxicants are formed during specific method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Koszucka
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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97
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Fuccelli R, Rosignoli P, Servili M, Veneziani G, Taticchi A, Fabiani R. Genotoxicity of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) on freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and prevention by phenolic extracts derived from olive, olive oil and olive leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 122:234-241. [PMID: 30321573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the genotoxic potential of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, (PhIP); 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, (IQ); 2-amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) on human freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by the comet assay. The preventive ability of three different phenolic extracts derived from olive (O-PE), virgin olive oil (OO-PE) and olive leaf (OL-PE) on PhIP induced DNA damage was also investigated. PhIP and IQ induced a significant DNA damage at the lowest concentration tested (100 μM), while the genotoxic effect of MeIQx and DiMeIQx become apparent only in the presence of DNA repair inhibitors Cytosine b-D-arabinofuranoside and Hydroxyurea (AraC/HU). The inclusion of metabolic activation (S9-mix) in the culture medium increased the genotoxicity of all HCAs tested. All three phenolic extracts showed an evident DNA damage preventive activity in a very low concentration range (0.1-1.0 μM of phenols) which could be easily reached in human tissues "in vivo" under a regular intake of virgin olive oil. These data further support the observation that consumption of olive and virgin olive oil may prevent the initiation step of carcinogenesis. The leaf waste could be an economic and simple source of phenolic compounds to be used as food additives or supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Fuccelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit), via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rosignoli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit), via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science (Food Science and Technology Unit), via S. Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Veneziani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science (Food Science and Technology Unit), via S. Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science (Food Science and Technology Unit), via S. Costanzo, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit), via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, University of Perugia, Italy.
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98
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Yun BH, Bellamri M, Rosenquist TA, Turesky RJ. Method for Biomonitoring DNA Adducts in Exfoliated Urinary Cells by Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9943-9950. [PMID: 30001485 PMCID: PMC6237078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking contributes to about 50% of the bladder-cancer (BC) cases in the United States. Some aromatic amines in tobacco smoke are bladder carcinogens; however, other causal agents of BC are uncertain. Exfoliated urinary cells (EUCs) are a promising noninvasive biospecimen to screen for DNA adducts of chemicals that damage the bladder genome, although the analysis of DNA adducts in EUCs is technically challenging because of the low number of EUCs and limiting quantity of cellular DNA. Moreover, EUCs and their DNA adducts must remain viable during the time of collection and storage of urine to develop robust screening methods. We employed RT4 cells, a well-differentiated transitional epithelial bladder cell line, as a cell-model system in urine to investigate cell viability and the chemical stability of DNA adducts of two prototypical bladder carcinogens: 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), an aromatic amine found in tobacco smoke, and aristolochic acid I (AA-I), a nitrophenanthrene found in Aristolochia herbaceous plants used for medicinal purposes worldwide. The cell viability of RT4 cells pretreated with 4-ABP or AA-I in urine exceeded 80%, and the major DNA adducts of 4-ABP and AA-I, quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were stable for 24 h. Thereafter, we successfully screened EUCs of mice treated with AA-I to measure DNA adducts of AA-I, which were still detected 25 days following treatment with the carcinogen. EUCs are promising biospecimens that can be employed for the screening of DNA adducts of environmental and dietary genotoxicants that may contribute to the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas A. Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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99
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Singh DP, Prabha R, Gupta VK, Verma MK. Metatranscriptome Analysis Deciphers Multifunctional Genes and Enzymes Linked With the Degradation of Aromatic Compounds and Pesticides in the Wheat Rhizosphere. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30034370 PMCID: PMC6043799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural soils are becoming contaminated with synthetic chemicals like polyaromatic compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenols, herbicides, insecticides and fungicides due to excessive dependency of crop production systems on the chemical inputs. Microbial degradation of organic pollutants in the agricultural soils is a continuous process due to the metabolic multifunctionalities and enzymatic capabilities of the soil associated communities. The plant rhizosphere with its complex microbial inhabitants and their multiple functions, is amongst the most live and dynamic component of agricultural soils. We analyzed the metatranscriptome data of 20 wheat rhizosphere samples to decipher the taxonomic microbial communities and their multifunctionalities linked with the degradation of organic soil contaminants. The analysis revealed a total of 21 different metabolic pathways for the degradation of aromatic compounds and 06 for the xenobiotics degradation. Taxonomic annotation of wheat rhizosphere revealed bacteria, especially the Proteobacteria, actinobacteria, firmicutes, bacteroidetes, and cyanobacteria, which are shown to be linked with the degradation of aromatic compounds as the dominant communities. Abundance of the transcripts related to the degradation of aromatic amin compounds, carbazoles, benzoates, naphthalene, ketoadipate pathway, phenols, biphenyls and xenobiotics indicated abundant degradation capabilities in the soils. The results highlighted a potentially dominant role of crop rhizosphere associated microbial communities in the remediation of contaminant aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya P. Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- Department of Bio-Medical Engineering and Bio-Informatics, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mukesh K. Verma
- Department of Bio-Medical Engineering and Bio-Informatics, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai, India
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Zhang J, Empl MT, Schwab C, Fekry MI, Engels C, Schneider M, Lacroix C, Steinberg P, Sturla SJ. Gut Microbial Transformation of the Dietary Imidazoquinoxaline Mutagen MelQx Reduces Its Cytotoxic and Mutagenic Potency. Toxicol Sci 2018; 159:266-276. [PMID: 28666384 PMCID: PMC5837702 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse community of microbes present in the human gut has emerged as an important
factor for cancer risk, potentially by altering exposure to chemical carcinogens. In the
present study, human gut bacteria were tested for their capacity to transform the
carcinogenic heterocyclic amine
2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MelQx).
Eubacterium hallii, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Lactobacillus
rossiae were able to convert MelQx to a new microbial metabolite characterized
on the basis of high-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR as
9-hydroxyl-2,7-dimethyl-7,9,10,11-tetrahydropyrimido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline
(MelQx-M1), resulting from conjugation with activated glycerol. Acrolein derived from the
decomposition of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, which is the product of bacterial glycerol/diol
dehydratase activity, was identified as the active compound responsible for the formation
of MelQx-M1. A complex human gut microbial community obtained from
invitro continuous intestinal fermentation was found to also transform
MelQx to MelQx-M1. MelQx-M1 had slightly reduced cytotoxic potency toward human colon
epithelial cells invitro, and diminished mutagenic potential toward
bacteria after metabolic activation. As bacterially derived acrolein also transformed 2
other HCAs, namely 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and
2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, these results generalize the
capacity of gut microbiota to detoxify HCAs in the gut, potentially modulating cancer
risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael T Empl
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa I Fekry
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christina Engels
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Schneider
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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