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A historical perspective on the role of sensory nerves in neurogenic inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:229-236. [PMID: 29616309 PMCID: PMC5960476 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The term ‘neurogenic inflammation’ is commonly used, especially with respect to the role of sensory nerves within inflammatory disease. However, despite over a century of research, we remain unclear about the role of these nerves in the vascular biology of inflammation, as compared with their interacting role in pain processing and of their potential for therapeutic manipulation. This chapter attempts to discuss the progress in understanding, from the initial discovery of sensory nerves until the present day. This covers pioneering findings that these nerves exist, are involved in vascular events and act as important sensors of environmental changes, including injury and infection. This is followed by discovery of the contents they release such as the established vasoactive neuropeptides substance P and CGRP as well as anti-inflammatory peptides such as the opioids and somatostatin. The more recent emergence of the importance of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has revealed some of the mechanisms by which these nerves sense environmental stimuli. This knowledge enables a platform from which to learn of the potential role of neurogenic inflammation in disease and in turn of novel therapeutic targets.
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Sapio MR, Neubert JK, LaPaglia DM, Maric D, Keller JM, Raithel SJ, Rohrs EL, Anderson EM, Butman JA, Caudle RM, Brown DC, Heiss JD, Mannes AJ, Iadarola MJ. Pain control through selective chemo-axotomy of centrally projecting TRPV1+ sensory neurons. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1657-1670. [PMID: 29408808 DOI: 10.1172/jci94331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonists of the vanilloid receptor transient vanilloid potential 1 (TRPV1) are emerging as highly efficacious nonopioid analgesics in preclinical studies. These drugs selectively lesion TRPV1+ primary sensory afferents, which are responsible for the transmission of many noxious stimulus modalities. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is a very potent and selective TRPV1 agonist and is a promising candidate for treating many types of pain. Recent work establishing intrathecal application of RTX for the treatment of pain resulting from advanced cancer has demonstrated profound analgesia in client-owned dogs with osteosarcoma. The present study uses transcriptomics and histochemistry to examine the molecular mechanism of RTX action in rats, in clinical canine subjects, and in 1 human subject with advanced cancer treated for pain using intrathecal RTX. In all 3 species, we observe a strong analgesic action, yet this was accompanied by limited transcriptional alterations at the level of the dorsal root ganglion. Functional and neuroanatomical studies demonstrated that intrathecal RTX largely spares susceptible neuronal perikarya, which remain active peripherally but unable to transmit signals to the spinal cord. The results demonstrate that central chemo-axotomy of the TRPV1+ afferents underlies RTX analgesia and refine the neurobiology underlying effective clinical use of TRPV1 agonists for pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John K Neubert
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Danielle M LaPaglia
- Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason M Keller
- Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Raithel
- Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric L Rohrs
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ethan M Anderson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John A Butman
- Clinical Center, Radiology and Imaging Services, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert M Caudle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dorothy C Brown
- Veterinary Clinical Investigations Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John D Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Clinical Center, Department of Perioperative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Pannese E. Biology and Pathology of Perineuronal Satellite Cells in Sensory Ganglia. BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF PERINEURONAL SATELLITE CELLS IN SENSORY GANGLIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60140-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The Insulin Receptor Is Colocalized With the TRPV1 Nociceptive Ion Channel and Neuropeptides in Pancreatic Spinal and Vagal Primary Sensory Neurons. Pancreas 2018; 47:110-115. [PMID: 29215540 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent observations demonstrated the expression of the insulin receptor (InsR) and its functional interaction with the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor (TRPV1) in sensory ganglion neurons. Because sensory nerves are implicated in pancreatic inflammatory processes, we studied the colocalization of the InsR with TRPV1 and proinflammatory neuropeptides in spinal and vagal pancreatic afferent neurons. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphometry were used to analyze the expression of TRPV1, InsR, substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in retrogradely labeled pancreatic dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and nodose ganglion (NG) neurons. RESULTS The proportions of retrogradely labeled pancreatic TRPV1-, InsR-, SP-, and CGRP-immunoreactive neurons amounted to 68%, 48%, 33%, and 54% in DRGs and 64%, 49%, 40%, and 25% in the NGs. Of the labeled DRG and NG neurons, 23% and 35% showed both TRPV1 and InsR immunoreactivity. Colocalization of the InsR with SP or CGRP was demonstrated in 14% and 28% of pancreatic DRG and 24% and 8% of pancreatic NG neurons. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide morphological basis for possible functional interactions among the nociceptive ion channel TRPV1, the InsR, and the proinflammatory neuropeptides SP and CGRP expressed by pancreatic DRG and NG neurons.
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Christie S, Wittert GA, Li H, Page AJ. Involvement of TRPV1 Channels in Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:420. [PMID: 30108548 PMCID: PMC6079260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ion channel TRPV1 is involved in a wide range of processes including nociception, thermosensation and, more recently discovered, energy homeostasis. Tightly controlling energy homeostasis is important to maintain a healthy body weight, or to aid in weight loss by expending more energy than energy intake. TRPV1 may be involved in energy homeostasis, both in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. In the periphery, it is possible that TRPV1 can impact on appetite through control of appetite hormone levels or via modulation of gastrointestinal vagal afferent signaling. Further, TRPV1 may increase energy expenditure via heat production. Dietary supplementation with TRPV1 agonists, such as capsaicin, has yielded conflicting results with some studies indicating a reduction in food intake and increase in energy expenditure, and other studies indicating the converse. Nonetheless, it is increasingly apparent that TRPV1 may be dysregulated in obesity and contributing to the development of this disease. The mechanisms behind this dysregulation are currently unknown but interactions with other systems, such as the endocannabinoid systems, could be altered and therefore play a role in this dysregulation. Further, TRPV1 channels appear to be involved in pancreatic insulin secretion. Therefore, given its plausible involvement in regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis and its dysregulation in obesity, TRPV1 may be a target for weight loss therapy and diabetes. However, further research is required too fully elucidate TRPV1s role in these processes. The review provides an overview of current knowledge in this field and potential areas for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Amanda J. Page
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Kim SJ, Yeo JH, Yoon SY, Kwon SG, Lee JH, Beitz AJ, Roh DH. Differential Development of Facial and Hind Paw Allodynia in a Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Model of Chronic Migraine: Role of Capsaicin Sensitive Primary Afferents. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 41:172-181. [PMID: 29187670 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the relatively high prevalence of migraine or headache, the pathophysiological mechanisms triggering headache-associated peripheral hypersensitivities, are unknown. Since nitric oxide (NO) is well known as a causative factor in the pathogenesis of migraine or migraine-associated hypersensitivities, a mouse model has been established using systemic administration of the NO donor, nitroglycerin (NTG). Here we tried to investigate the time course development of facial or hindpaw hypersensitivity after repetitive NTG injection. NTG (10 mg/kg) was administrated to mice every other day for nine days. Two hours post-injection, NTG produced acute mechanical and heat hypersensitivity in the hind paws. By contrast, cold allodynia, but not mechanical hypersensitivity, occurred in the facial region. Moreover, this hindpaws mechanical hypersensitivity and the facial cold allodynia was progressive and long-lasting. We subsequently examined whether the depletion of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPAs) with resiniferatoxin (RTX, 0.02 mg/kg) altered these peripheral hypersensitivities in NTG-treated mice. RTX pretreatment did not affect the NTG-induced mechanical allodynia in the hind paws nor the cold allodynia in the facial region, but it did inhibit the development of hind paw heat hyperalgesia. Similarly, NTG injection produced significant hindpaw mechanical allodynia or facial cold allodynia, but not heat hyperalgesia in transient receptor potential type V1 (TRPV1) knockout mice. These findings demonstrate that different peripheral hypersensitivities develop in the face versus hindpaw regions in a mouse model of repetitive NTG-induced migraine, and that these hindpaw mechanical hypersensitivity and facial cold allodynia are not mediated by the activation of CSPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Ji Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Ji-Hee Yeo
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Seo-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University
| | - Soon-Gu Kwon
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jang-Hern Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University
| | - Alvin J Beitz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | - Dae-Hyun Roh
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
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Casais-e-Silva LL, Teixeira C. Neurogenic mediators contribute to local edema induced by Micrurus lemniscatus venom. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005874. [PMID: 29161255 PMCID: PMC5716551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Micrurus is one of the four snake genera of medical importance in Brazil. Coral snakes have a broad geographic distribution from the southern United States to Argentina. Micrurine envenomation is characterized by neurotoxic symptoms leading to dyspnea and death. Moreover, various local manifestations, including edema formation, have been described in patients bitten by different species of Micrurus. Thus, we investigated the ability of Micrurus lemniscatus venom (MLV) to induce local edema. We also explored mechanisms underlying this effect, focusing on participation of neuropeptides and mast cells. Methodology/Principal findings Intraplantar injection of MLV (1–10 μg/paw) in rats caused dose- and time-dependent edema with a peak between 15 min and 1 h after injection. MLV also induced degranulation of peritoneal mast cells (MCs). MC depletion by compound 48/80 markedly reduced MLV-induced edema. Pre-treatment (30 min) of rats with either promethazine a histamine H1 receptor antagonist or methysergide, a nonselective 5-HT receptor antagonist, reduced MLV-induced edema. However, neither thioperamide, a histamine H3/H4 receptor antagonist, nor co-injection of MLV with HOE-140, a BK2 receptor antagonist, altered the response. Depletion of neuropeptides by capsaicin or treatment of animals with NK1- and NK2-receptor antagonists (SR 140333 and SR 48968, respectively) markedly reduced MLV-induced edema. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, MLV induces paw edema in rats by mechanisms involving activation of mast cells and substance P-releasing sensory C-fibers. Tachykinins NKA and NKB, histamine, and serotonin are major mediators of the MLV-induced edematogenic response. Targeting mast cell- and sensory C-fiber-derived mediators should be considered as potential therapeutic approaches to interrupt development of local edema induced by Micrurus venoms. Micrurus venoms have neurotoxic activity that is responsible for the serious sequelae in human envenomation. However, various local manifestations of envenoming have been described in patients bitten by different Micrurus species and edematogenic activity has been experimentally demonstrated. Despite the low frequency of edema in Micrurus envenomation, this effect can worsen the clinical manifestations. However, there are few studies on local inflammatory effects induced by Micrurus snake venom. We investigated the edematogenic effect of Micrurus lemniscatus venom (MLV) and participation of neuropeptides and mast cells in inflammation. Results demonstrate that MLV induces prominent edema with rapid onset. Using specific pharmacological interferences, we found that MLV-induced edema is dependent on activation of mast cells and substance P-releasing sensory C-fibers. NKA and NKB tachykinins, histamine via H1 receptor and serotonin are major mediators of the MLV-induced edematogenic response. These findings suggest that mast cell- and C-fiber-derived mediators are promising therapeutic targets to efficiently counteract the local edema induced by Micrururs venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Lyra Casais-e-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Health Sciences (ICS), Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Bone adaptation to mechanical loading in a mouse model of reduced peripheral sensory nerve function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187354. [PMID: 29088267 PMCID: PMC5663494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Underlying mechanisms contributing to the imbalance in bone turnover during osteoporosis remain only partially explained. Reduced sensory nerve function may contribute to this imbalance, as sensory neuropeptides affect the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vivo, especially during bone adaptation. In this study, we investigated bone adaptation in mice following two weeks of tibial compression (peak magnitude 3 N or 7 N). To induce decreased sensory nerve function, mice were treated with capsaicin as neonates. We hypothesized that decreased sensory nerve function would diminish the adaptation of bone to mechanical loading, assessed with μCT and dynamic histomorphometry. We found that tibial compression induced significant changes in cortical microarchitecture that depended on compression magnitude and location along the length of the tibia; in contrast, there was no effect of loading on trabecular bone of the tibial metaphysis. Tibial compression significantly increased periosteal, and decreased endosteal, bone formation. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, capsaicin-treated mice generally displayed a similar, if not larger, adaptive response to mechanical loading, including greater increases in bone mineral content and mineral apposition rate. To integrate mechanical loading of bone with sensory nerve activation, we examined whether concentration of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in bone were affected following 1 or 5 days of 5 N tibial compression or hindlimb unloading. We found that 1 day of tibial compression significantly increased CGRP concentrations in bone, and hindlimb unloading also exhibited a trend toward increased CGRP in bone. These results may suggest a role of sensory nerves in the bone adaptation response to the mechanical environment, though this remains unclear.
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Stueber T, Eberhardt MJ, Caspi Y, Lev S, Binshtok A, Leffler A. Differential cytotoxicity and intracellular calcium-signalling following activation of the calcium-permeable ion channels TRPV1 and TRPA1. Cell Calcium 2017; 68:34-44. [PMID: 29129206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several members of the transient receptor channel (TRP) family can mediate a calcium-dependent cytotoxicity. In sensory neurons, vanilloids like capsaicin induce neurotoxicity by activating TRPV1. The closely related ion channel TRPA1 is also activated by irritants, but it is unclear if and how TRPA1 mediates cell death. In the present study we explored cytotoxicity and intracellular calcium signalling resulting from activation of TRPV1 and TRPA1, either heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells or in native mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. While activation of TRPV1 by the vanilloids capsaicin, resiniferatoxin and anandamide results in calcium-dependent cell death, activation by protons and the oxidant chloramine-T failed to reduce cell viability. The TRPA1-agonists acrolein, carvacrol and capsazepine all induced cytotoxicity, but this effect is independent of TRPA1. Activation of both TRPA1 and TRPV1 triggers a strong influx of external calcium, but also a strong calcium-release from intracellular stores most likely including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Activation of TRPV1, but not TRPA1 also results in a strong increase of mitochondrial calcium both in HEK 293 cells and mouse DRG neurons. Our data demonstrate that activation of TRPV1, but not TRPA1 mediates a calcium-dependent cell death. While both receptors mediate a release of calcium from intracellular stores, only activation of TRPV1 seems to mediate a robust and probably lethal increase in mitochondrial calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stueber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirjam J Eberhardt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yaki Caspi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shaya Lev
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Binshtok
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Ye Z, Ren L, Tang Z, Deng Y, Xie X, Fu Z, Luo Z, Xu F, Zang N, Liu E. Pulmonary C-fiber degeneration downregulates IFN-γ receptor 1 via IFN-α induction to attenuate RSV-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Virology 2017; 510:262-272. [PMID: 28772166 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infection in infants. Unfortunately, no effective vaccine or treatment against RSV is currently available. Pulmonary C-fibers (PCFs) are critical for regulating pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). We previously reported that IFN-γ partially mediated RSV-induced airway disorders. In this study, we found that PCF degeneration alleviated RSV-induced airway inflammation, especially AHR by downregulating IFN-γ receptor 1 (IFNGR1), but had no effect on IFN-γ induction. In contrast, PCF degeneration actually increased IFN-α/β levels, as were the levels of STAT1 and phosphorylated STAT1 (pSTAT1). Exogenous IFN-α treatment induced STAT1 activation and downregulated IFNGR1 expression. These results suggest that PCFs affect IFNGR1 expression by inducing IFN-α to regulate IFN-γ-mediated airway inflammation and AHR. Thus, targeting PCFs activation may help control RSV-induced airway disorders, especially AHR, even with the presence of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Luo Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhengzhen Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, CSTC2009CA5002, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - ZhengXiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Fadi Xu
- Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Na Zang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Li TP, Guo Z, Liu CJ, Sun T, Chen L, Zhao X. Association of down-regulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P with increase of myocardial vulnerability in diabetic neuropathic rats. Peptides 2017; 96:1-7. [PMID: 28851567 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients present high co-morbidities of neuropathy and severer consequences of coronary heart disease. But the pathological mechanism is still unclear. Here we investigated a potential association of diabetic impairment of sensory nerves with increase of vulnerability of myocardium in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. A rat model of diabetes mellitus was induced by high fat and sugar diet plus a small dose of streptozotocin. Impairment of sensory nerves was evaluated by measurement of changes in tail flick latency to noxious thermal stimulation and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the myocardium of the heart were examined. The myocardial injury was examined by infarct size, apoptosis ratio of cardiomyocytes and cardiac troponin I in the animals underwent acute myocardial ischemia (for 30min) and reperfusion (for 120min). The effects of CGRP and SP on cardiomyocyte injury induced by high glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation were tested in cultured myocytes. The diabetic animals presented significant elevation of noxious thermal threshold with obvious reduction of the contents of CGRP and SP in the DRG and the myocardium. Importantly, the diabetic animals showed significant increases of infarct size, myocyte apoptosis and serum cardiac troponin I after acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, compared to the non-diabetic control. Furthermore, exogenously administered CGRP and SP attenuated the myocyte injury induced by the high concentration of glucose and hypoxia/reoxygenation. These findings suggested that impairment of sensory nerves with significant reduction of CGRP and SP in DRG, ventricular myocardium and serum may be associated with increase of myocardial vulnerability in acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu-Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, National Education Commission, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Chao-Jie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Supraspinal-selective TRPV1 desensitization induced by intracerebroventricular treatment with resiniferatoxin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12452. [PMID: 28963471 PMCID: PMC5622082 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a thermosensitive cation channel that triggers heat pain in the periphery. Long-term desensitization of TRPV1, which can be induced by excess amounts of agonists, has been a method for investigating the physiological relevance of TRPV1-containing neuronal circuits, and desensitization induced by various routes of administration, including systemic, intrathecal and intraganglionic, has been demonstrated in rodents. In the present study, we examined the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment with an ultrapotent TRPV1 agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX), on nociception and the analgesic effect of acetaminophen, which is known to mediate the activation of central TRPV1. I.c.v. administration of RTX a week before the test did not affect the licking/biting response to intraplantar injection of RTX (RTX test), suggesting that such i.c.v. treatment spares the function of TRPV1 at the hindpaw. Mice that had been i.c.v.-administered RTX also exhibited normal nociceptive responses in the formalin test and the tail pressure test, but acetaminophen failed to induce analgesia in those mice in any of the tests. These results suggest that i.c.v. administration of RTX leads to brain-selective TRPV1 desensitization in mice.
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Járomi P, Garab D, Hartmann P, Bodnár D, Nyíri S, Sántha P, Boros M, Jancsó G, Szabó A. Capsaicin-induced rapid neutrophil leukocyte activation in the rat urinary bladder microcirculatory bed. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 37:690-698. [PMID: 28762564 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was initiated to investigate the involvement of neutrophil leukocyte activation in neurogenic inflammation, a process also involved in human urinary pathologies, elicited in the rat urinary bladder by the local administration of capsaicin, the archetypal TRPV1 agonist. The contribution of afferent nerves and sensory neuropeptides to leukocyte activation in the urinary bladder microcirculatory bed was examined. METHODS Following a 15-min topical application of capsaicin (50 μM), leukocyte-endothelial interactions were examined for an observation period of 45 min with intravital microscopy. Expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 implicated in these interactions was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Selective sensory denervation was performed by neonatal treatment with capsaicin. The role of the TRPV1 receptor and two sensory neuropeptides (CGRP and substance P [SP]) were studied using the selective antagonists capsazepine, CGRP8-37 and RP67580, respectively. RESULTS Capsaicin induced rapid increases in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and increased the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 in the postcapillary venules. Sensory chemodenervation via capsaicin and also TRPV1 receptor antagonism effectively prevented these changes. A similar reduction was observed in leukocyte adhesion after topical application of CGRP8-34 or RP67580, but only CGRP8-34 reduced the capsaicin-evoked leukocyte rolling. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of capsaicin induces early neurogenically mediated cellular microcirculatory inflammatory reactions via the activation of the TRPV1 receptor and the release of CGRP and SP from sensory nerves in the bladder. Co-administration of SP and CGRP receptor antagonists may ameliorate microcirculatory inflammatory changes elicited by capsaicin in the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Járomi
- Department of Urology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Dénes Garab
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Bodnár
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Nyíri
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szabó
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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64
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Lai NY, Mills K, Chiu IM. Sensory neuron regulation of gastrointestinal inflammation and bacterial host defence. J Intern Med 2017; 282:5-23. [PMID: 28155242 PMCID: PMC5474171 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensory neurons in the gastrointestinal tract have multifaceted roles in maintaining homeostasis, detecting danger and initiating protective responses. The gastrointestinal tract is innervated by three types of sensory neurons: dorsal root ganglia, nodose/jugular ganglia and intrinsic primary afferent neurons. Here, we examine how these distinct sensory neurons and their signal transducers participate in regulating gastrointestinal inflammation and host defence. Sensory neurons are equipped with molecular sensors that enable neuronal detection of diverse environmental signals including thermal and mechanical stimuli, inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. Emerging evidence shows that sensory neurons participate in host-microbe interactions. Sensory neurons are able to detect pathogenic and commensal bacteria through specific metabolites, cell-wall components, and toxins. Here, we review recent work on the mechanisms of bacterial detection by distinct subtypes of gut-innervating sensory neurons. Upon activation, sensory neurons communicate to the immune system to modulate tissue inflammation through antidromic signalling and efferent neural circuits. We discuss how this neuro-immune regulation is orchestrated through transient receptor potential ion channels and sensory neuropeptides including substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide. Recent studies also highlight a role for sensory neurons in regulating host defence against enteric bacterial pathogens including Salmonella typhimurium, Citrobacter rodentium and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Understanding how sensory neurons respond to gastrointestinal flora and communicate with immune cells to regulate host defence enhances our knowledge of host physiology and may form the basis for new approaches to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Lai
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Mills
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I M Chiu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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65
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Huang M, Cheng G, Tan H, Qin R, Zou Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Capsaicin protects cortical neurons against ischemia/reperfusion injury via down-regulating NMDA receptors. Exp Neurol 2017; 295:66-76. [PMID: 28479337 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin, the ingredient responsible for the pungent taste of hot chili peppers, is widely used in the study and management of pain. Recently, its neuroprotective effect has been described in multiple studies. Herein, we investigated the underlying mechanisms for the neuroprotective effect of capsaicin. Direct injection of capsaicin (1 or 3nmol) into the peri-infarct area reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological behavioral scoring and motor coordination function in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion model in rats. The time window of the protective effect of capsaicin was within 1h after reperfusion, when excitotoxicity is the main reason of cell death. In cultured cortical neurons, administration of capsaicin attenuated glutamate-induced excitotoxic injury. With respect to the mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of capsaicin, reduced calcium influx after glutamate stimulation was observed following capsaicin pretreatment in cortical neurons. Trpv1 knock-out abolished the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on glutamate-induced calcium influx and subsequent neuronal death. Reduced expression of GluN1 and GluN2B, subunits of NMDA receptor, was examined after capsaicin treatment in cortical neurons. In summary, our studies reveal that the neuroprotective effect of capsaicin in cortical neurons is TRPV1-dependent and down-regulation of the expression and function of NMDA receptors contributes to the protection afforded by capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Gen Cheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Tan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yimin Zou
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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66
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Marche P, Dubois S, Abraham P, Parot-Schinkel E, Gascoin L, Humeau-Heurtier A, Ducluzeau PH, Mahe G. Neurovascular microcirculatory vasodilation mediated by C-fibers and Transient receptor potential vanilloid-type-1 channels (TRPV 1) is impaired in type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44322. [PMID: 28287157 PMCID: PMC5347083 DOI: 10.1038/srep44322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction may have an early onset in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and can precede major complications. Our objectives were to assess the endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh; and post-occlusive hyperemia, PORH), non-endothelial-dependent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and neurovascular-dependent (local heating, LH and current induced vasodilation, CIV) microcirculatory vasodilation in T1D patients compared with matched control subjects using a laser speckle contrast imager. Seventeen T1D patients - matched with 17 subjects according to age, gender, Body-Mass-Index, and smoking status - underwent macro- and microvascular investigations. The LH early peak assessed the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channels (TRPV1) mediated vasodilation, whereas the plateau assessed the Nitirc-Oxyde (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) pathways. PORH explored sensory nerves and (EDHF), while CIV assessed sensory nerves (C-fibers) and prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation. Using neurological investigations, we observed that C-fiber and A-delta fiber functions in T1D patients were similar to control subjects. PORH, CIV, LH peak and plateau vasodilations were significantly decreased in T1D patients compared to controls, whereas there was no difference between the two groups for ACh and SNP vasodilations. Neurovascular microcirculatory vasodilations (C-fibers and TRPV 1-mediated vasodilations) are impaired in TD1 patients whereas no abnormalities were found using clinical neurological investigations. Clinicaltrials: No. NCT02538120.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marche
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - S Dubois
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - P Abraham
- Laboratory of Vascular Investigations, University Hospital of Angers, UMR CNRS6214/INSERM1083, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - E Parot-Schinkel
- Methodology and Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - L Gascoin
- Laboratory of Vascular Investigations, University Hospital of Angers, UMR CNRS6214/INSERM1083, LUNAM Université, Angers, France
| | - A Humeau-Heurtier
- University of Angers, LARIS - Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Angers, France
| | - P H Ducluzeau
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - G Mahe
- INSERM Clinical Investigation Center (CIC 14 14), Rennes, France, Université de Rennes 1 and LUNAM University, Inserm 1083/CNRS 6214, Faculty of Medicine, Angers, France
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67
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Lin M, Liu SB, Genin GM, Zhu Y, Shi M, Ji C, Li A, Lu TJ, Xu F. Melting Away Pain: Decay of Thermal Nociceptor Transduction during Heat-Induced Irreversible Desensitization of Ion Channels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3029-3035. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guy M. Genin
- Department
of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine,
NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology,
and School of Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | | | | | - Changchun Ji
- Department
of Acupuncture, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, PR China
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68
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Marics B, Peitl B, Pázmándi K, Bácsi A, Németh J, Oszlács O, Jancsó G, Dux M. Diet-Induced Obesity Enhances TRPV1-Mediated Neurovascular Reactions in the Dura Mater. Headache 2017; 57:441-454. [DOI: 10.1111/head.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Marics
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Barna Peitl
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - József Németh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Orsolya Oszlács
- Department of Physiology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Mária Dux
- Department of Physiology; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
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69
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Srinivasan K. Biological Activities of Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum) and Its Pungent Principle Capsaicin: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1488-500. [PMID: 25675368 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.772090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin, the pungent alkaloid of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) has been extensively studied for its biological effects which are of pharmacological relevance. These include: cardio protective influence, antilithogenic effect, antiinflammatory, and analgesia, thermogenic influence, and beneficial effects on gastrointestinal system. Therefore, capsaicinoids may have the potential clinical value for pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. It has been shown that capsaicinoids are potential agonists of capsaicin receptor (TRPV1). They could exert the effects not only through the receptor-dependent pathway but also through the receptor-independent one. The involvement of neuropeptide Substance P, serotonin, and somatostatin in the pharmacological actions of capsaicin has been extensively investigated. Topical application of capsaicin is proved to alleviate pain in arthritis, postoperative neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, psoriasis, etc. Toxicological studies on capsaicin administered by different routes are documented. Capsaicin inhibits acid secretion, stimulates alkali and mucus secretion and particularly gastric mucosal blood flow which helps in prevention and healing of gastric ulcers. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of capsaicin are established in a number of studies. Chemopreventive potential of capsaicin is evidenced in cell line studies. The health beneficial hypocholesterolemic influence of capsaicin besides being cardio protective has other implications, viz., prevention of cholesterol gallstones and protection of the structural integrity of erythrocytes under conditions of hypercholesterolemia. Beneficial influences of capsaicin on gastrointestinal system include digestive stimulant action and modulation of intestinal ultrastructure so as to enhance permeability to micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnapura Srinivasan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition , CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysore , India
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70
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Kuncová J, Jirkovská A, Švíglerová J, Marková M, Meireles D, Čedíková M. Neonatal capsaicin administration impairs postnatal development of the cardiac chronotropy and inotropy in rats. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S633-S642. [PMID: 28006945 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the impact of neonatal administration of capsaicin (neurotoxin from red hot pepper used for sensory denervation) on postnatal development of the heart rate and ventricular contractility. In the rats subjected to capsaicin administration (100 mg/kg) on postnatal days 2 and 3 and their vehicle-treated controls at the ages of 10 to 90 days, function of the sympathetic innervation of the developing heart was characterized by evaluation of chronotropic responses to metipranolol and atropine, norepinephrine concentrations in the heart, and norepinephrine release from the heart atria. Sensory denervation was verified by determination of calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in the heart. Direct cytotoxic effects of capsaicin were assessed on cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. Capsaicin-treated rats displayed higher resting heart rates, lower atropine effect, but no difference in the effect of metipranolol. Norepinephrine tissue levels and release did not differ from controls. Contraction force of the right ventricular papillary muscle was lower till the age of 60 days. Significantly reduced viability of neonatal cardiomyocytes was demonstrated at capsaicin concentration 100 micromol/l. Our study suggests that neonatal capsaicin treatment leads to impaired maturation of the developing cardiomyocytes. This effect cannot be attributed exclusively to sensory denervation of the rat heart since capsaicin acts also directly on the cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuncová
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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71
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de Oliveira JRJM, Otuki MF, Cabrini DA, Brusco I, Oliveira SM, Ferreira J, André E. Involvement of the TRPV1 receptor in plasma extravasation in airways of rats treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72
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Nita II, Caspi Y, Gudes S, Fishman D, Lev S, Hersfinkel M, Sekler I, Binshtok AM. Privileged crosstalk between TRPV1 channels and mitochondrial calcium shuttling machinery controls nociception. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2868-2880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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73
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Saloman JL, Albers KM, Rhim AD, Davis BM. Can Stopping Nerves, Stop Cancer? Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:880-889. [PMID: 27832915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system is viewed as a tissue affected by cancer and as a conduit for the transmission of cancer pain and perineural invasion. Here, we review recent studies that indicate a more direct role. Several studies have shown that reducing stress or suppressing sympathetic drive correlates with improved outcomes and prolonged survival. Recent studies using animal models of visceral and somatic cancer further support a role for the nervous system in cancer progression. Specifically, nerve ablation had a profound impact on disease progression, including delayed development of precancerous lesions, and decreased tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, we summarize new evidence and discuss how future studies may address the role of neural signaling in the modulation of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami L Saloman
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Albers
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Andrew D Rhim
- Zayed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian M Davis
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Pain Research and Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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74
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Kodji X, Aubdool AA, Brain SD. Evidence for physiological and pathological roles for sensory nerves in the microvasculature and skin. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:195-201. [PMID: 27939458 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the progress from the initial finding of neurogenic inflammation up to the most recent development in the field of sensory nerves research, focusing on their roles in the microvasculature and the skin. Recent discovery of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels highlight their important roles in detecting a range of environmental stimuli, including chemical and temperature. This provides us novel mechanisms for driving neurogenic inflammation upstream of neuropeptide release in addition to promising potential therapeutic targets in various diseases, including pain, itching and skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Kodji
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, 150, Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - A A Aubdool
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, 150, Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - S D Brain
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, 150, Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK.
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75
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Chung MK, Campbell JN. Use of Capsaicin to Treat Pain: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040066. [PMID: 27809268 PMCID: PMC5198041 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is the pungent ingredient of chili peppers and is approved as a topical treatment of neuropathic pain. The analgesia lasts for several months after a single treatment. Capsaicin selectively activates TRPV1, a Ca2+-permeable cationic ion channel that is enriched in the terminals of certain nociceptors. Activation is followed by a prolonged decreased response to noxious stimuli. Interest also exists in the use of injectable capsaicin as a treatment for focal pain conditions, such as arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions. Recently injection of capsaicin showed therapeutic efficacy in patients with Morton’s neuroma, a painful foot condition associated with compression of one of the digital nerves. The relief of pain was associated with no change in tactile sensibility. Though injection evokes short term pain, the brief systemic exposure and potential to establish long term analgesia without other sensory changes creates an attractive clinical profile. Short-term and long-term effects arise from both functional and structural changes in nociceptive terminals. In this review, we discuss how local administration of capsaicin may induce ablation of nociceptive terminals and the clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Kyo Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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76
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Prueitt RL, Goodman JE. Evaluation of neural reflex activation as a mode of action for the acute respiratory effects of ozone. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:484-99. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1213332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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77
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TRPV1: A Target for Rational Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9030052. [PMID: 27563913 PMCID: PMC5039505 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective, Ca2+ permeable cation channel activated by noxious heat, and chemical ligands, such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin (RTX). Many compounds have been developed that either activate or inhibit TRPV1, but none of them are in routine clinical practice. This review will discuss the rationale for antagonists and agonists of TRPV1 for pain relief and other conditions, and strategies to develop new, better drugs to target this ion channel, using the newly available high-resolution structures.
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78
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Basith S, Cui M, Hong S, Choi S. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Capsaicin and Its Analogues in Pain and Other Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080966. [PMID: 27455231 PMCID: PMC6272969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is the most predominant and naturally occurring alkamide found in Capsicum fruits. Since its discovery in the 19th century, the therapeutic roles of capsaicin have been well characterized. The potential applications of capsaicin range from food flavorings to therapeutics. Indeed, capsaicin and few of its analogues have featured in clinical research covered by more than a thousand patents. Previous records suggest pleiotropic pharmacological activities of capsaicin such as an analgesic, anti-obesity, anti-pruritic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and neuro-protective functions. Moreover, emerging data indicate its clinical significance in treating vascular-related diseases, metabolic syndrome, and gastro-protective effects. The dearth of potent drugs for management of such disorders necessitates the urge for further research into the pharmacological aspects of capsaicin. This review summarizes the historical background, source, structure and analogues of capsaicin, and capsaicin-triggered TRPV1 signaling and desensitization processes. In particular, we will focus on the therapeutic roles of capsaicin and its analogues in both normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaherin Basith
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Minghua Cui
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Sunhye Hong
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Sun Choi
- National Leading Research Laboratory (NLRL) of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Boros K, Jancsó G, Dux M, Fekécs Z, Bencsik P, Oszlács O, Katona M, Ferdinandy P, Nógrádi A, Sántha P. Multiple impairments of cutaneous nociceptor function induced by cardiotoxic doses of Adriamycin in the rat. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1009-20. [PMID: 27342418 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Besides their deleterious action on cardiac muscle, anthracycline-type cytostatic agents exert significant neurotoxic effects on primary sensory neurons. Since cardiac sensory nerves confer protective effects on heart muscle and share common traits with cutaneous chemosensitive nerves, this study examined the effects of cardiotoxic doses of adriamycin on the function and morphology of epidermal nerves. Sensory neurogenic vasodilatation, plasma extravasation, and the neural CGRP release evoked by TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists in vitro were examined by using laser Doppler flowmetry, the Evans blue technique, and ELISA, respectively. Carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia was assessed with the Hargreaves method. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to study cutaneous innervation. Adriamycin treatment resulted in profound reductions in the cutaneous neurogenic sensory vasodilatation and plasma extravasation evoked by the TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists capsaicin and mustard oil, respectively. The in vitro capsaicin-, but not high potassium-evoked neural release of the major sensory neuropeptide, CGRP, was markedly attenuated after adriamycin treatment. Carrageenan-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia was largely abolished following the administration of adriamycin. Immunohistochemistry revealed a substantial loss of epidermal TRPV1-expressing nociceptive nerves and a marked thinning of the epidermis. These findings indicate impairments in the functions of TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors expressed on cutaneous chemosensitive nociceptive nerves and the loss of epidermal axons following the administration of cardiotoxic doses of adriamycin. Monitoring of the cutaneous nociceptor function in the course of adriamycin therapy may well be of predictive value for early detection of the deterioration of cardiac nerves which confer protection against the deleterious effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Boros
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Mária Dux
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekécs
- Department of Anatomy, University of Szeged, Kossuth L. Sgt. 40, Szeged, H-6724, Hungary
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Oszlács
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Márta Katona
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 14-15, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Szeged, Kossuth L. Sgt. 40, Szeged, H-6724, Hungary
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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Marics B, Peitl B, Varga A, Pázmándi K, Bácsi A, Németh J, Szilvássy Z, Jancsó G, Dux M. Diet-induced obesity alters dural CGRP release and potentiates TRPA1-mediated trigeminovascular responses. Cephalalgia 2016; 37:581-591. [PMID: 27301459 DOI: 10.1177/0333102416654883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Clinical studies suggest a link between obesity and the primary headache disorder migraine. In our study we aimed to reveal the effect of obesity on meningeal nociceptor function in rats receiving a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Methods Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) receptor activation-induced changes in meningeal blood flow, release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal afferents and TRPA1 protein expression in the trigeminal ganglia were measured in control and obese rats. Metabolic parameters of the animals were assessed by measuring glucose and insulin homeostasis as well as plasma cytokine concentrations. Results The present experiments revealed an enhanced basal and TRPA1 receptor agonist-induced CGRP release from meningeal afferents of obese insulin-resistant rats and an attenuated CGRP release to potassium chloride. Obesity was also associated with an augmented vasodilatation in meningeal arteries after dural application of the TRPA1 agonist acrolein, a reduction in TRPA1 protein expression in the trigeminal ganglia and elevations in circulating proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in addition to increased fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Conclusions Our results suggest trigeminal sensitisation as a mechanism for enhanced headache susceptibility in obese individuals after chemical exposure of trigeminal nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Marics
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barna Peitl
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angelika Varga
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- 3 Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- 3 Department of Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Németh
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- 4 Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Dux
- 4 Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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81
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Dux M, Deák É, Tassi N, Sántha P, Jancsó G. Endovanilloids are potential activators of the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex. J Headache Pain 2016; 17:53. [PMID: 27189587 PMCID: PMC4870586 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-016-0644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the dura mater encephali a significant population of trigeminal afferents coexpress the nociceptive ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Release of CGRP serves the central transmission of sensory information, initiates local tissue reactions and may also sensitize the nociceptive pathway. To reveal the possible activation of meningeal TRPV1 receptors by endogenously synthetized agonists, the effects of arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide) and N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA) were studied on dural vascular reactions and meningeal CGRP release. Methods Changes in meningeal blood flow were measured with laser Doppler flowmetry in a rat open cranial window preparation following local dural applications of anandamide and NADA. The release of CGRP evoked by endovanilloids was measured with ELISA in an in vitro dura mater preparation. Results Topical application of NADA induced a significant dose-dependent increase in meningeal blood flow that was markedly inhibited by pretreatments with the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, the CGRP antagonist CGRP8–37, or by prior systemic capsaicin desensitization. Administration of anandamide resulted in minor increases in meningeal blood flow that was turned into vasoconstriction at the higher concentration. In the in vitro dura mater preparation NADA evoked a significant increase in CGRP release. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors of CGRP releasing nerve fibers seem to counteract the TRPV1 agonistic effect of anandamide in a dose-dependent fashion, a result which is confirmed by the facilitating effect of CB1 receptor inhibition on CGRP release and its reversing effect on the blood flow. Conclusions The present findings demonstrate that endovanilloids are potential activators of meningeal TRPV1 receptors and, consequently the trigeminovascular nocisensor complex that may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of headaches. The results also suggest that prejunctional CB1 receptors may modulate meningeal vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Dux
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Éva Deák
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Tassi
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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82
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Shima T, Shiina T, Naitou K, Nakamori H, Sano Y, Shimizu Y. Does the capsaicin-sensitive local neural circuit constitutively regulate vagally evoked esophageal striated muscle contraction in rats? J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:105-11. [PMID: 26424590 PMCID: PMC10717485 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether a capsaicin-sensitive local neural circuit constitutively modulates vagal neuromuscular transmission in the esophageal striated muscle or whether the neural circuit operates in a stimulus-dependent manner, we compared the motility of esophageal preparations isolated from intact rats with those in which capsaicin-sensitive neurons had been destroyed. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve trunk evoked contractile responses in the esophagus isolated from a capsaicin-treated rat in a manner similar to those in the esophagus from a control rat. No obvious differences were observed in the inhibitory effects of D-tubocurarine on intact and capsaicin-treated rat esophageal motility. Destruction of the capsaicin-sensitive neurons did not significantly affect latency, time to peak and duration of a vagally evoked twitch-like contraction. These findings indicate that the capsaicin-sensitive neural circuit does not operate constitutively but rather is activated in response to an applied stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shima
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiina
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Kiyotada Naitou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamori
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuuki Sano
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasutake Shimizu
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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83
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Deng Y, Huang X, Wu H, Zhao M, Lu Q, Israeli E, Dahan S, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y. Some like it hot: The emerging role of spicy food (capsaicin) in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:451-6. [PMID: 26812350 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases refer to a spectrum of diseases characterized by an active immune response against the host, which frequently involves increased autoantibody production. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is multifactorial and the exploitation of novel effective treatment is urgent. Capsaicin is a nutritional factor, the active component of chili peppers, which is responsible for the pungent component of chili pepper. As a stimuli, capsaicin selectively activate transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily 1(TRPV1) and exert various biological effects. This review discusses the effect of capsaicin through its receptor on the development and modulation of autoimmune diseases, which may shed light upon potential therapies in capsaicin-targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Eitan Israeli
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shani Dahan
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Miri Blank
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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84
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Qiao M, Sanes JR. Genetic Method for Labeling Electrically Coupled Cells: Application to Retina. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 8:81. [PMID: 26778956 PMCID: PMC4703850 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the nervous system functions requires mapping synaptic connections between neurons. Several methods are available for imaging neurons connected by chemical synapses, but few enable marking neurons connected by electrical synapses. Here, we demonstrate that a peptide transporter, Pept2, can be used for this purpose. Pept2 transports a gap junction-permeable fluorophore-coupled dipeptide, beta-alanine-lysine-N-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin-3-acid (βALA). Cre-dependent expression of pept2 in specific neurons followed by incubation in βALA labeled electrically coupled synaptic partners. Using this method, we analyze light-dependent modulation of electrical connectivity among retinal horizontal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Qiao
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Joshua R Sanes
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA
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85
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Fernandes ES, Cerqueira ARA, Soares AG, Costa SKP. Capsaicin and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:91-125. [PMID: 27771922 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of experimental and clinical studies published in peer-reviewed journals have demonstrated promising pharmacological properties of capsaicin in relieving signs and symptoms of non-communicable diseases (chronic diseases). This chapter provides an overview made from basic and clinical research studies of the potential therapeutic effects of capsaicin, loaded in different application forms, such as solution and cream, on chronic diseases (e.g. arthritis, chronic pain, functional gastrointestinal disorders and cancer). In addition to the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of capsaicin largely recognized via, mainly, interaction with the TRPV1, the effects of capsaicin on different cell signalling pathways will be further discussed here. The analgesic, anti-inflammatory or apoptotic effects of capsaicin show promising results in arthritis, neuropathic pain, gastrointestinal disorders or cancer, since evidence demonstrates that the oral or local application of capsaicin reduce inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis, promotes gastric protection against ulcer and induces apoptosis of the tumour cells. Sadly, these results have been paralleled by conflicting studies, which indicate that high concentrations of capsaicin are likely to evoke deleterious effects, thus suggesting that capsaicin activates different pathways at different concentrations in both human and rodent tissues. Thus, to establish effective capsaicin doses for chronic conditions, which can be benefited from capsaicin therapeutic effects, is a real challenge that must be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís-MA, Brazil.,Vascular Biology Section, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A R A Cerqueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Room 326, Butantan, São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A G Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Room 326, Butantan, São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia K P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - Room 326, Butantan, São Paulo, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Pulmonary C Fibers Modulate MMP-12 Production via PAR2 and Are Involved in the Long-Term Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. J Virol 2015; 90:2536-43. [PMID: 26676790 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02534-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection often develop sequelae of persistent airway inflammation and wheezing. Pulmonary C fibers (PCFs) are involved in the generation of airway inflammation and resistance; however, their role in persistent airway diseases after RSV is unexplored. Here, we elucidated the pathogenesis of PCF activation in RSV-induced persistent airway disorders. PCF-degenerated and intact mice were used in the current study. Airway inflammation and airway resistance were evaluated. MMP408 and FSLLRY-NH2 were the selective antagonists for MMP-12 and PAR2, respectively, to investigate the roles of MMP-12 and PAR2 in PCFs mediating airway diseases. As a result, PCF degeneration significantly reduced the following responses to RSV infection: augmenting of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, and infiltrating of inflammatory cells in lung tissues; specific airway resistance (sRaw) response to methacholine; and upregulation of MMP-12 and PAR2 expression. Moreover, the inhibition of MMP-12 reduced the total number of cells and macrophages in bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well infiltrating inflammatory cells, and decreased the sRaw response to methacholine. In addition, PAR2 was upregulated especially at the later stage of RSV infection. Downregulation of PAR2 ameliorated airway inflammation and resistance following RSV infection and suppressed the level of MMP-12. In all, the results suggest that PCF involvement in long-term airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness occurred at least partially via modulating MMP-12, and the activation of PAR2 might be related to PCF-modulated MMP-12 production. Our initial findings indicated that the inhibition of PCF activity would be targeted therapeutically for virus infection-induced long-term airway disorders. IMPORTANCE The current study is critical to understanding that PCFs are involved in long-term airway inflammation and airway resistance after RSV infection through mediating MMP-12 production via PAR2, indicating that the inhibition of PCF activity can be targeted therapeutically for virus infection-induced long-term airway disorders.
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87
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Muley MM, Krustev E, McDougall JJ. Preclinical Assessment of Inflammatory Pain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 22:88-101. [PMID: 26663896 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While acute inflammation is a natural physiological response to tissue injury or infection, chronic inflammation is maladaptive and engenders a considerable amount of adverse pain. The chemical mediators responsible for tissue inflammation act on nociceptive nerve endings to lower neuronal excitation threshold and sensitize afferent firing rate leading to the development of allodynia and hyperalgesia, respectively. Animal models have aided in our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the generation of chronic inflammatory pain and allowed us to identify and validate numerous analgesic drug candidates. Here we review some of the commonly used models of skin, joint, and gut inflammatory pain along with their relative benefits and limitations. In addition, we describe and discuss several behavioral and electrophysiological approaches used to assess the inflammatory pain in these preclinical models. Despite significant advances having been made in this area, a gap still exists between fundamental research and the implementation of these findings into a clinical setting. As such we need to characterize inherent pathophysiological pathways and develop new endpoints in these animal models to improve their predictive value of human inflammatory diseases in order to design safer and more effective analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind M Muley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eugene Krustev
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jason J McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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88
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Zádor F, Wollemann M. Receptome: Interactions between three pain-related receptors or the "Triumvirate" of cannabinoid, opioid and TRPV1 receptors. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:254-63. [PMID: 26520391 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A growing amount of data demonstrates the interactions between cannabinoid, opioid and the transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors. These interactions can be bidirectional, inhibitory or excitatory, acute or chronic in their nature, and arise both at the molecular level (structurally and functionally) and in physiological processes, such as pain modulation or perception. The interactions of these three pain-related receptors may also reserve important and new therapeutic applications for the treatment of chronic pain or inflammation. In this review, we summarize the main findings on the interactions between the cannabinoid, opioid and the TRPV1 receptor regarding to pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zádor
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Maria Wollemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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89
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Abstract
Chemesthetic compounds, responsible for sensations such as burning, cooling, and astringency, are difficult stimuli to work with, especially when the evaluation task requires retasting. Here, we developed a protocol by which chemesthetic compounds can be assessed using sorting. We compared the performance of two cohorts of untrained assessors on this task, one with nose clips and the other without. Similarity matrices were analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) to produce perceptual maps for the two cohorts. Overall, the groupings from the nose open cohort tended to follow a biological basis, consistent with previous findings that suggest compounds that activate a common receptor will elicit similar sensations. The nose-open and nose-pinched cohorts generated significantly different maps. The nose-pinched cohort had a higher variance in the MDS solution than the nose-open group. While the nose-open cohort generated seven clusters, the nose-pinched cohort generated only two clusters, seemingly based on the ready identification of chemesthetic sensations or not. There was less consensus regarding the attributes used to describe the samples in the nose-pinched cohort than in the nose-open cohort as well, as this cohort collectively generated more attributes but fewer were significant in regression.
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90
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Abstract
Chemesthetic compounds, responsible for sensations such as burning, cooling, and astringency, are difficult stimuli to work with, especially when the evaluation task requires retasting. Here, we developed a protocol by which chemesthetic compounds can be assessed using sorting. We compared the performance of two cohorts of untrained assessors on this task, one with nose clips and the other without. Similarity matrices were analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) to produce perceptual maps for the two cohorts. Overall, the groupings from the nose open cohort tended to follow a biological basis, consistent with previous findings that suggest compounds that activate a common receptor will elicit similar sensations. The nose-open and nose-pinched cohorts generated significantly different maps. The nose-pinched cohort had a higher variance in the MDS solution than the nose-open group. While the nose-open cohort generated seven clusters, the nose-pinched cohort generated only two clusters, seemingly based on the ready identification of chemesthetic sensations or not. There was less consensus regarding the attributes used to describe the samples in the nose-pinched cohort than in the nose-open cohort as well, as this cohort collectively generated more attributes but fewer were significant in regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Byrnes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - John E. Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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91
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Laurin J, Pertici V, Dousset E, Marqueste T, Decherchi P. Group III and IV muscle afferents: Role on central motor drive and clinical implications. Neuroscience 2015; 290:543-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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92
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Bautista DM. Spicy science: David Julius and the discovery of temperature-sensitive TRP channels. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:135-41. [PMID: 27227012 PMCID: PMC4843893 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1047077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This invited biographical review covers the career of Dr. David Julius and his discovery of thermosensitive TRP channels. Dr. Julius is currently the Morris Herzstein Chair in Molecular Biology and Medicine and Professor and Chair of Physiology at the University of California, San Francisco Medical School. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and has received many distinguished awards for his landmark discoveries of the molecular basis of pain and thermosensation.
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Key Words
- 5-HT3 (also HTR3), 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin) Receptor 3
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- GABAB, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) B Receptor
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor
- P2X, Purinergic Receptor P2X
- TRP channel
- TRP, transient receptor potential
- TRPA1, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1
- TRPM8, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 8
- TRPV1, transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1
- pain
- sensory neuron
- somatosensation
- thermosensation
- α-MSH, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Bautista
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute; University of California Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
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93
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Jancsó G, Sántha P. The foundation of sensory pharmacology: Nicholas (Miklós) Jancsó and the Szeged contribution. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:152-7. [PMID: 27227015 PMCID: PMC4843891 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1045683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin became an indispensable tool in pain research after the discovery of its unique pharmacological actions by Nicholas (Miklós) Jancsó Jr. in the late 1940s. This "History Article" introduces his achievements leading to the foundation of "sensory pharmacology" and subsequent research in that field at the University of Szeged, Hungary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Physiology; University of Szeged; Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Sántha
- Department of Physiology; University of Szeged; Szeged, Hungary
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94
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Shirazi M, Ameri A, Shafaroodi H, Motahhary P, Saleh T, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Orthodontic tooth movement in cholestatic and cirrhotic rats. J Orthod 2014; 35:119-25; discussion 110-1. [DOI: 10.1179/146531207225022536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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95
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Sousa-Valente J, Andreou AP, Urban L, Nagy I. Transient receptor potential ion channels in primary sensory neurons as targets for novel analgesics. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2508-27. [PMID: 24283624 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an explosion in novel findings relating to the molecules involved in mediating the sensation of pain in humans. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels emerged as the greatest group of molecules involved in the transduction of various physical stimuli into neuronal signals in primary sensory neurons, as well as, in the development of pain. Here, we review the role of TRP ion channels in primary sensory neurons in the development of pain associated with peripheral pathologies and possible strategies to translate preclinical data into the development of effective new analgesics. Based on available evidence, we argue that nociception-related TRP channels on primary sensory neurons provide highly valuable targets for the development of novel analgesics and that, in order to reduce possible undesirable side effects, novel analgesics should prevent the translocation from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane and the sensitization of the channels rather than blocking the channel pore or binding sites for exogenous or endogenous activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sousa-Valente
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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96
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Foss JD, Wainford RD, Engeland WC, Fink GD, Osborn JW. A novel method of selective ablation of afferent renal nerves by periaxonal application of capsaicin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 308:R112-22. [PMID: 25411365 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00427.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Renal denervation has been shown to lower arterial pressure in some hypertensive patients, yet it remains unclear whether this is due to ablation of afferent or efferent renal nerves. To investigate the role of afferent renal nerves in arterial pressure regulation, previous studies have used methods that disrupt both renal and nonrenal afferent signaling. The present study was conducted to develop and validate a technique for selective ablation of afferent renal nerves that does not disrupt other afferent pathways. To do this, we adapted a technique for sensory denervation of the adrenal gland by topical application of capsaicin and tested the hypothesis that exposure of the renal nerves to capsaicin (renal-CAP) causes ablation of afferent but not efferent renal nerves. Renal-CAP had no effect on renal content of the efferent nerve markers tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine; however, the afferent nerve marker, calcitonin gene-related peptide was largely depleted from the kidney 10 days after intervention, but returned to roughly half of control levels by 7 wk postintervention. Moreover, renal-CAP abolished the cardiovascular responses to acute pharmacological stimulation of afferent renal nerves. Renal-CAP rats showed normal weight gain, as well as cardiovascular and fluid balance regulation during dietary sodium loading. To some extent, renal-CAP did blunt the bradycardic response and increase the dipsogenic response to increased salt intake. Lastly, renal-CAP significantly attenuated the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. These results demonstrate that renal-CAP effectively causes selective ablation of afferent renal nerves in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Foss
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Richard D Wainford
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - John W Osborn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
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97
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van Oosterhout WPJ, Schoonman GG, Garrelds IM, Danser AHJ, Chan KY, Terwindt GM, Ferrari MD, MaassenVanDenBrink A. A human capsaicin model to quantitatively assess salivary CGRP secretion. Cephalalgia 2014; 35:675-82. [PMID: 25366550 DOI: 10.1177/0333102414553824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin induces the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) via the transient receptor potential channel V1 (TRPV1). The CGRP response after capsaicin application on the tongue might reflect the "activation state" of the trigeminal nerve, since trigeminal CGRP-containing vesicles are depleted on capsaicin application. We tested (i) the quantitative CGRP response after oral capsaicin application; (ii) the optimal concentration of red chili homogenate; and (iii) the day-to-day variability in this response. METHODS Saliva was collected for two consecutive days after oral application of eight capsaicin dilutions (red chili homogenates) of increasing concentrations in 13 healthy individuals. Effects of homogenate concentration were assessed. Consecutively, saliva was sampled after application of vehicle and undiluted homogenates. RESULTS CGRP secretion (pg/ml) increased dose-dependently with homogenate concentration (p < 0.001). CGRP levels were highest after application of nondiluted homogenate (vs. baseline: 13.3 (5.0) vs. 9.7 (2.9); p = 0.003, as was total CGRP secretion in five minutes (pg) with undiluted (vs. baseline): 89.2 (44.1) vs. 14.1 (2.8); p < 0.001. The dose-dependent response in CGRP was not affected by day (p = 0.14) or day*concentration (p = 0.60). Increase in CGRP (undiluted - baseline; pg/ml) did not differ between measurements on dose-finding (p = 0.67) and follow-up days (p = 0.46). CONCLUSION Oral application of red chili homogenate is well tolerated and causes a dose-dependent CGRP release in saliva, without day-to-day effects in this response. This model could be used to noninvasively study the activation state of the trigeminal nerve innervating salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G G Schoonman
- Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - I M Garrelds
- Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - A H J Danser
- Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - K Y Chan
- Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - G M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - M D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - A MaassenVanDenBrink
- Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
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98
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Samson N, Niane L, Nault S, Nadeau C, Praud JP. Laryngeal narrowing during nasal ventilation does not originate from bronchopulmonary C-fibers. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 202:32-4. [PMID: 25075590 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that nasal pressure support ventilation (nPSV) can lead to active inspiratory laryngeal narrowing, which originates from the stimulation of bronchopulmonary receptors. Among the three major types of bronchopulmonary receptors, which are variably stimulated by lung distension, C-fiber endings are remarkable, given that their stimulation can also trigger laryngeal closure. Taking advantage of our lamb model with blocked C-fibers, we aimed to assess whether bronchopulmonary C-fiber endings are involved in the active inspiratory laryngeal narrowing during nPSV. Nine lambs were surgically instrumented to assess states of alertness, electrical activity of a glottal constrictor (EaTA), respiratory movements and arterial blood gases. Forty-eight hours later, two polysomnographic recordings were performed during nPSV 15/4 cmH2O, before and after C-fiber blockade. During nPSV, blockade of C-fibers did not prevent inspiratory EaTA (present for 74±41% of respiratory cycles vs. 64±35%, p=0.9). We conclude that active inspiratory laryngeal narrowing during nPSV does not originate from bronchopulmonary C-fiber endings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Samson
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Lalah Niane
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Stéphanie Nault
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Charlène Nadeau
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Jean-Paul Praud
- Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4.
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99
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Pope HM, Voigt MM. Peripheral glia have a pivotal role in the initial response to axon degeneration of peripheral sensory neurons in zebrafish. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103283. [PMID: 25058656 PMCID: PMC4109997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon degeneration is a feature of many peripheral neuropathies. Understanding the organismal response to this degeneration may aid in identifying new therapeutic targets for treatment. Using a transgenic zebrafish line expressing a bacterial nitroreductase (Ntr)/mCherry fusion protein in the peripheral sensory neurons of the V, VII, IX, and X cranial nerves, we were able to induce and visualize the pathology of axon degeneration in vivo. Exposure of 4 days post fertilization Ntr larvae to the prodrug metronidazole (Met), which Ntr metabolizes into cytotoxic metabolites, resulted in dose-dependent cell death and axon degeneration. This was limited to the Ntr-expressing sensory neurons, as neighboring glia and motor axons were unaffected. Cell death was rapid, becoming apparent 3-4 hours after Met treatment, and was followed by phagocytosis of soma and axon debris by cells within the nerves and ganglia beginning at 4-5 hours of exposure. Although neutrophils appear to be activated in response to the degenerating neurons, they did not accumulate at the sites of degeneration. In contrast, macrophages were found to be attracted to the sites of the degenerating axons, where they phagocytosed debris. We demonstrated that peripheral glia are critical for both the phagocytosis and inflammatory response to degenerating neurons: mutants that lack all peripheral glia (foxD3-/-; Ntr) exhibit a much reduced reaction to axonal degeneration, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the clearance of debris, and impaired macrophage recruitment. Overall, these results show that this zebrafish model of peripheral sensory axon degeneration exhibits many aspects common to peripheral neuropathies and that peripheral glia play an important role in the initial response to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M. Pope
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mark M. Voigt
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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100
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Shukla A, Sharma P, Prakash O, Singh M, Kalani K, Khan F, Bawankule DU, Luqman S, Srivastava SK. QSAR and docking studies on capsazepine derivatives for immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100797. [PMID: 25003344 PMCID: PMC4086833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsazepine, an antagonist of capsaicin, is discovered by the structure and activity relationship. In previous studies it has been found that capsazepine has potency for immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory activity and emerging as a favourable target in quest for efficacious and safe anti-inflammatory drug. Thus, a 2D quantitative structural activity relationship (QSAR) model against target tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was developed using multiple linear regression method (MLR) with good internal prediction (r2 = 0.8779) and external prediction (r2pred = 0.5865) using Discovery Studio v3.5 (Accelrys, USA). The predicted activity was further validated by in vitro experiment. Capsazepine was tested in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in peritoneal mouse macrophages. Anti-inflammatory profile of capsazepine was assessed by its potency to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediator TNF-α. The in vitro experiment indicated that capsazepine is an efficient anti-inflammatory agent. Since, the developed QSAR model showed significant correlations between chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity, it was successfully applied in the screening of forty-four virtual derivatives of capsazepine, which finally afforded six potent derivatives, CPZ-29, CPZ-30, CPZ-33, CPZ-34, CPZ-35 and CPZ-36. To gain more insights into the molecular mechanism of action of capsazepine and its derivatives, molecular docking and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) studies were performed. The results of QSAR, molecular docking, in silico ADMET screening and in vitro experimental studies provide guideline and mechanistic scope for the identification of more potent anti-inflammatory & immunomodulatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shukla
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Om Prakash
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Monika Singh
- Molecular Bio-Prospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Komal Kalani
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Dnyaneshwar Umrao Bawankule
- Molecular Bio-Prospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Molecular Bio-Prospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), India
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