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Gu S, Liu H, Liu L, Hou T, Kang Y. Artificial intelligence methods in kinase target profiling: Advances and challenges. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103796. [PMID: 37805065 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Kinases have a crucial role in regulating almost the full range of cellular processes, making them essential targets for therapeutic interventions against various diseases. Accurate kinase-profiling prediction is vital for addressing the selectivity/specificity challenges in kinase drug discovery, which is closely related to lead optimization, drug repurposing, and the understanding of potential drug side effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest advancements in machine learning (ML)-based and deep learning (DL)-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for kinase profiling. We highlight current trends in this rapidly evolving field and discuss the existing challenges and future directions regarding experimental data set construction and model architecture design. Our aim is to offer practical insights and guidance for the development and utilization of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- Faculty of Applied Science, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078
| | - Liwei Liu
- Advanced Computing and Storage Laboratory, Central Research Institute, 2012 Laboratories, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yu Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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52
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Nagasaka M, Zhang SS, Baca Y, Xiu J, Nieva J, Vanderwalde A, Swensen JJ, Spetzler D, Korn WM, Raez LE, Liu SV, Ou SHI. Pan-tumor survey of ROS1 fusions detected by next-generation RNA and whole transcriptome sequencing. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1000. [PMID: 37853341 PMCID: PMC10585918 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved for ROS1 fusion positive (ROS1+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. We performed a pan-tumor analysis of the incidence of ROS1 fusions to assess if more ROS1+ patients who could benefit from ROS1 TKIs could be identified. METHODS A retrospective analysis of ROS1 positive solid malignancies identified by targeted RNA sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing of clinical tumor samples performed at Caris Life Science (Phoenix, AZ). RESULTS A total of 259 ROS1+ solid malignancies were identified from approximately 175,350 tumors that underwent next-generation sequencing (12% from targeted RNA sequencing [Archer]; 88% from whole transcriptome sequencing). ROS1+ NSCLC constituted 78.8% of the ROS1+ solid malignancies, follow by glioblastoma (GBM) (6.9%), and breast cancer (2.7%). The frequency of ROS1 fusion was approximately 0.47% among NSCLC, 0.29% for GBM, 0.04% of breast cancer. The mean tumor mutation burden for all ROS1+ tumors was 4.8 mutations/megabase. The distribution of PD-L1 (22C3) expression among all ROS1+ malignancies were 0% (18.6%), 1%-49% (29.4%), and ≥ 50% (60.3%) [for NSCLC: 0% (17.8%); 1-49% (27.7%); ≥ 50% (53.9%). The most common genetic co-alterations of ROS1+ NSCLC were TP53 (29.1%), SETD2 (7.3%), ARIAD1A (6.3%), and U2AF1 (5.6%). CONCLUSIONS ROS1+ NSCLC tumors constituted the majority of ROS1+ solid malignancies with four major fusion partners. Given that > 20% of ROS1+ solid tumors may benefit from ROS1 TKIs treatment, comprehensive genomic profiling should be performed on all solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nagasaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, 200 South Manchester Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shannon S Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, 200 South Manchester Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | | | | | - Jorge Nieva
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Healthcare System/Florida Atlantic University, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
| | - Stephen V Liu
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, 200 South Manchester Ave, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA
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Cuesta-Hernández HN, Contreras J, Soriano-Maldonado P, Sánchez-Wandelmer J, Yeung W, Martín-Hurtado A, Muñoz IG, Kannan N, Llimargas M, Muñoz J, Plaza-Menacho I. An allosteric switch between the activation loop and a c-terminal palindromic phospho-motif controls c-Src function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6548. [PMID: 37848415 PMCID: PMC10582172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophosphorylation controls the transition between discrete functional and conformational states in protein kinases, yet the structural and molecular determinants underlying this fundamental process remain unclear. Here we show that c-terminal Tyr 530 is a de facto c-Src autophosphorylation site with slow time-resolution kinetics and a strong intermolecular component. On the contrary, activation-loop Tyr 419 undergoes faster kinetics and a cis-to-trans phosphorylation switch that controls c-terminal Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, enzyme specificity, and strikingly, c-Src non-catalytic function as a substrate. In line with this, we visualize by X-ray crystallography a snapshot of Tyr 530 intermolecular autophosphorylation. In an asymmetric arrangement of both catalytic domains, a c-terminal palindromic phospho-motif flanking Tyr 530 on the substrate molecule engages the G-loop of the active kinase adopting a position ready for entry into the catalytic cleft. Perturbation of the phospho-motif accounts for c-Src dysfunction as indicated by viral and colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated c-terminal deleted variants. We show that c-terminal residues 531 to 536 are required for c-Src Tyr 530 autophosphorylation, and such a detrimental effect is caused by the substrate molecule inhibiting allosterically the active kinase. Our work reveals a crosstalk between the activation and c-terminal segments that control the allosteric interplay between substrate- and enzyme-acting kinases during autophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hipólito Nicolás Cuesta-Hernández
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Contreras
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Soriano-Maldonado
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jana Sánchez-Wandelmer
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ana Martín-Hurtado
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés G Muñoz
- Protein Crystallography Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marta Llimargas
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IMBB) CSIC, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, IIS Biocruces Bizkaia, Building Biocruces Bizkaia 1, 48903, Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iván Plaza-Menacho
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro num. 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Elsanhoury R, Alasmari A, Parupathi P, Jumaa M, Al-Fayoumi S, Kumar A, Khashan R, Nazzal S, Fayyad AA. AI & experimental-based discovery and preclinical IND-enabling studies of selective BMX inhibitors for development of cancer therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123384. [PMID: 37678472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The current work aims to design and provide a preliminary IND-enabling study of selective BMX inhibitors for cancer therapeutics development. BMX is an emerging target, more notably in oncological and immunological diseases. In this work, we have employed a predictive AI-based platform to design the selective inhibitors considering the novelty, IP prior protection, and drug-likeness properties. Furthermore, selected top candidates from the initial iteration of the design were synthesized and chemically characterized utilizing 1H NMR and LC-MS. Employing a panel of biochemical (enzymatic) and cancer cell lines, the selected molecules were tested against these assays. In addition, we used artificial intelligence to predict and evaluate several critical IND-focused physicochemical and pharmacokinetics values of the selected molecules. A secondary objective of the current work was also to validate the sole role of BMX in animal models known to be mediated by BMX. More than 50 molecules were designed in the present study employing five novel discovered scaffolds. Two molecules were nominated for further IND-focused studies. Compound II showed promising in-vitro activity against BMX in both enzymatic assays compared to other kinases and in cancer cell lines with known BMX overexpression. Interestingly, compound II showed very favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetics properties as predicted by the used platforms. The animal study further confirmed the sole role of BMX in the disease model. The current work provides promising data on a selective BMX inhibitor as a potential lead for therapeutics development, and the asset is currently in the optimization stage. Notably, the current study shows a framework for a combined approach employing both AI and experimentation that can be used by academic labs in their research programs to more streamline programs into IND-focused to be bridged easily for further clinical development with industrial partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwan Elsanhoury
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Abdulaziz Alasmari
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Prashanth Parupathi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Avinash Kumar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Raed Khashan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sami Nazzal
- College of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Abu Fayyad
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Jacob S, Johnson M, Roque B, Quintal L, Rugo HS, Melisko M, Chien AJ. Crofelemer for the Management of Neratinib-Associated Diarrhea in Patients With HER2+ Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:721-728. [PMID: 37474374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of crofelemer, a first in class anti-secretory anti-diarrheal agent, to manage neratinib-induced diarrhea in patients with early-stage breast cancer taking adjuvant neratinib. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single center, open label trial enrolled patients with Stage 2 to 3 HER2+ breast cancer taking adjuvant neratinib. One cohort took prophylactic crofelemer 125 mg bid and loperamide in the first 2 cycles, and as needed in subsequent cycles. The second cohort took dose-escalated neratinib with loperamide as needed (DE cohort). The primary endpoint was incidence of grade ≥ 3 diarrhea in the first 2 cycles. RESULTS Seven patients in the crofelemer cohort and 4 in the DE cohort were enrolled. In the first 2 cycles, 2 patients (29%) in the crofelemer cohort and 2 patients (50%) in the DE cohort experienced grade 3 diarrhea lasting 1 day on average. After cycle 2, no additional patients in either cohort had grade 3 diarrhea. Five of 7 patients controlled diarrhea with crofelemer alone. There were no grade 4 diarrhea events in either cohort. Three patients in the crofelemer cohort dose-reduced neratinib due to diarrhea in the first 2 cycles. Patients in the crofelemer cohort had an average of 0.58 diarrhea episodes/day. 82% experienced constipation, all grade 1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate crofelemer for neratinib-induced diarrhea and demonstrates crofelemer activity in this setting. Further investigation of crofelemer for diarrhea secondary to cancer treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Jacob
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - MacKenzie Johnson
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brianna Roque
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura Quintal
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michelle Melisko
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Amy Jo Chien
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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56
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Nagasaka M, Brazel D, Baca Y, Xiu J, Al-Hallak MN, Kim C, Nieva J, Swensen JJ, Spetzler D, Korn WM, Socinski MA, Raez LE, Halmos B, Ou SHI. Pan-tumor survey of RET fusions as detected by next-generation RNA sequencing identified RET fusion positive colorectal carcinoma as a unique molecular subset. Transl Oncol 2023; 36:101744. [PMID: 37516008 PMCID: PMC10410168 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RET fusions are driver alterations in cancer and are most commonly found in non-small cell lung cancer and well-differentiated thyroid cancer. However, RET fusion have been reported in other solid tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of RET+ solid malignancies identified by targeted RNA sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing of clinical tumor samples performed at Caris Life Science (Phoenix, AZ). RESULTS As of March 22, 2022, a total of 378 RET+ solid malignancies were identified in 15 different tumor types and carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) that underwent next-generation RNA sequencing. RET+ NSCLC and RET+ thyroid cancer constituted 66.9% and 11.1% of the RET+ solid malignancies, respectively. RET+ colorectal adenocarcinoma and RET+ breast adenocarcinoma constituted 10.1% and 2.6%, respectively. The estimated frequency of RET fusions within specific tumor types were NSCLC 0.7%, thyroid cancer 3.1%, colorectal cancer 0.2% and breast cancer 0.1%. KIF5B (46.8%) was the most common fusion partner followed by CCDC6 (28.3%) and NCOA4 (13.8%) in RET+ solid tumors. KIF5B-RET was the dominant fusion variant in RET+ NSCLC, NCOA4-RET was the dominant variant in RET+ colorectal carcinoma, and CCDC6-RET was the dominant variant in thyroid cancer. The most common single gene alterations in RET+ tumors were TP53 (34.8%), RASA1 (14.3%) and ARIAD1A (11.6%). RET+ CRC had a high median TMB of 20.0 and were commonly MSI-H. CONCLUSIONS RET fusions were identified in multiple tumor types. With a higher median TMB and commonly MSI-H, RET fusion positive CRC may be a unique molecular subset of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nagasaka
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA; Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Danielle Brazel
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chul Kim
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jorge Nieva
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
| | | | - Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou
- University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Orange, CA, USA
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57
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La Monica G, Pizzolanti G, Baiamonte C, Bono A, Alamia F, Mingoia F, Lauria A, Martorana A. Design and Synthesis of Novel Thieno[3,2- c]quinoline Compounds with Antiproliferative Activity on RET-Dependent Medullary Thyroid Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34640-34649. [PMID: 37779971 PMCID: PMC10536062 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
RET kinase gain-of-function mutations represent the main cause of the high aggressiveness and invasiveness of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). The selective inhibition of the RET kinase is a suitable strategy for the treatment of this endocrine neoplasia. Herein, we performed an innovative ligand-based virtual screening protocol using the DRUDITonline web service, focusing on the RET kinase as a biological target. In this process, thieno[3,2-c]quinolines 6a-e and 7a-e were proposed as new potential RET inhibitors. The selected compounds were synthetized by appropriate synthetic strategies, and in vitro evaluation of antiproliferative properties conducted on the particularly aggressive MTC cell line TT(C634R) identified compounds 6a-d as promising anticancer agents, with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Further structure-based computational studies revealed a significant capability of the most active compounds to the complex RET tyrosine kinase domain. The interesting antiproliferative results supported by in silico predictions suggest that these compounds may represent a starting point for the development of a new series of small heterocyclic molecules for the treatment of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele La Monica
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Baiamonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Bono
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Alamia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mingoia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Martorana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e
Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Liang Z, Liu T, Li Q, Zhang G, Zhang B, Du X, Liu J, Chen Z, Ding H, Hu G, Lin H, Zhu F, Luo C. Deciphering the functional landscape of phosphosites with deep neural network. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113048. [PMID: 37659078 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current biochemical approaches have only identified the most well-characterized kinases for a tiny fraction of the phosphoproteome, and the functional assignments of phosphosites are almost negligible. Herein, we analyze the substrate preference catalyzed by a specific kinase and present a novel integrated deep neural network model named FuncPhos-SEQ for functional assignment of human proteome-level phosphosites. FuncPhos-SEQ incorporates phosphosite motif information from a protein sequence using multiple convolutional neural network (CNN) channels and network features from protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using network embedding and deep neural network (DNN) channels. These concatenated features are jointly fed into a heterogeneous feature network to prioritize functional phosphosites. Combined with a series of in vitro and cellular biochemical assays, we confirm that NADK-S48/50 phosphorylation could activate its enzymatic activity. In addition, ERK1/2 are discovered as the primary kinases responsible for NADK-S48/50 phosphorylation. Moreover, FuncPhos-SEQ is developed as an online server.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Liang
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tonghai Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xikun Du
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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59
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Sayeesh PM, Iguchi M, Suemoto Y, Inoue J, Inomata K, Ikeya T, Ito Y. Interactions of the N- and C-Terminal SH3 Domains of Drosophila Drk with the Proline-Rich Peptides from Sos and Dos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14135. [PMID: 37762438 PMCID: PMC10532153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drk, a homologue of human GRB2 in Drosophila, receives signals from outside the cells through the interaction of its SH2 domain with the phospho-tyrosine residues in the intracellular regions of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as Sevenless, and transduces the signals downstream through the association of its N- and C-terminal SH3 domains (Drk-NSH3 and Drk-CSH3, respectively) with proline-rich motifs (PRMs) in Son of Sevenless (Sos) or Daughter of Sevenless (Dos). Isolated Drk-NSH3 exhibits a conformational equilibrium between the folded and unfolded states, while Drk-CSH3 adopts only a folded confirmation. Drk interacts with PRMs of the PxxPxR motif in Sos and the PxxxRxxKP motif in Dos. Our previous study has shown that Drk-CSH3 can bind to Sos, but the interaction between Drk-NSH3 and Dos has not been investigated. To assess the affinities of both SH3 domains towards Sos and Dos, we conducted NMR titration experiments using peptides derived from Sos and Dos. Sos-S1 binds to Drk-NSH3 with the highest affinity, strongly suggesting that the Drk-Sos multivalent interaction is initiated by the binding of Sos-S1 and NSH3. Our results also revealed that the two Sos-derived PRMs clearly favour NSH3 for binding, whereas the two Dos-derived PRMs show almost similar affinity for NSH3 and CSH3. We have also performed docking simulations based on the chemical shift perturbations caused by the addition of Sos- and Dos-derived peptides. Finally, we discussed the various modes in the interactions of Drk with Sos/Dos.
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Grants
- JPMJCR13M3, JPMJCR21E5 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- JP15K06979, JP19H05645, JP15H01645, JP16H00847, JP17H05887, JP19H05773, JP26102538, JP25120003, JP16H00779, JP21K06114 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Shimadzu foundation Shimadzu foundation
- the Precise Measurement Technology Promotion Foundation the Precise Measurement Technology Promotion Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Teppei Ikeya
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0373, Japan; (P.M.S.); (M.I.); (J.I.); (K.I.)
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0373, Japan; (P.M.S.); (M.I.); (J.I.); (K.I.)
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60
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Erdogan O, Özkaya ŞÇ, Erzik C, Bilguvar K, Arga KY, Bayraklı F. Toward Precision Oncology in Glioblastoma with a Personalized Cancer Genome Reporting Tool and Genetic Changes Identified by Whole Exome Sequencing. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:426-433. [PMID: 37669106 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Precision/personalized medicine in oncology has two key pillars: molecular profiling of the tumors and personalized reporting of the results in ways that are clinically contextualized and triangulated. Moreover, neurosurgery as a field stands to benefit from precision/personalized medicine and new tools for reporting of the molecular findings. In this context, glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Precision/personalized medicine has emerged as a promising approach for personalized therapy in GBM. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing of tumor tissue samples from six newly diagnosed GBM patients and matched nontumor control samples. We report here the genetic alterations identified in the tumors, including single nucleotide variations, insertions or deletions (indels), and copy number variations, and attendant mutational signatures. Additionally, using a personalized cancer genome-reporting tool, we linked genomic information to potential therapeutic targets and treatment options for each patient. Our findings revealed heterogeneity in genetic alterations and identified targetable pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This study demonstrates the prospects of precision/personalized medicine in GBM specifically, and neurosurgical oncology more generally, including the potential for genomic profiling coupled with personalized cancer genome reporting. Further research and larger studies are warranted to validate these findings and advance the treatment options and outcomes for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Erdogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Çolakoğlu Özkaya
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazım Yalçın Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Bayraklı
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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61
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Chatterjee A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its secreted tyrosine phosphatases. Biochimie 2023; 212:41-47. [PMID: 37059349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases and has been a major burden for a long time now. Increasing drug resistance in TB is slowing down the process of disease treatment. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB is known to have a cascade of virulence factors to fight with host's immune system. The phosphatases (PTPs) of Mtb plays a critical role as these are secretory in nature and help the survival of bacteria in host. Researchers have been trying to synthesize inhibitors against a lot of virulence factors of Mtb but recently the phosphatases have gained a lot of interest due to their secretory nature. This review gives a concise overview of virulence factors of Mtb with emphasis on mPTPs. Here we discuss the current scenario of drug development against mPTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chatterjee
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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62
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Lefebvre C, Pellizzari S, Bhat V, Jurcic K, Litchfield DW, Allan AL. Involvement of the AKT Pathway in Resistance to Erlotinib and Cabozantinib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2406. [PMID: 37760847 PMCID: PMC10525382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) presents a significant challenge in therapeutic target development for cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where conventional therapies are ineffective at combatting systemic disease. Due to increased expression, the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and c-Met are potential targets for treatment. However, targeted anti-EGFR and anti-c-Met therapies have faced mixed results in clinical trials due to acquired resistance. We hypothesize that adaptive responses in regulatory kinase networks within the EGFR and c-Met signaling axes contribute to the development of acquired erlotinib and cabozantinib resistance. To test this, we developed two separate models for cabozantinib and erlotinib resistance using the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, respectively. We observed that erlotinib- or cabozantinib-resistant cell lines demonstrate enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and activation of EGFR or c-Met downstream signaling (respectively). Using a SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids in Cell Culture)-labeled quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics approach, we assessed the effects of erlotinib or cabozantinib resistance on the phosphoproteome, proteome, and kinome. Using this integrated proteomics approach, we identified several potential kinase mediators of cabozantinib resistance and confirmed the contribution of AKT1 to erlotinib resistance in TNBC-resistant cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Lefebvre
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sierra Pellizzari
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Vasudeva Bhat
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kristina Jurcic
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - David W. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.J.); (D.W.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alison L. Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
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63
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Zhao Z, Bourne PE. Rigid Scaffolds Are Promising for Designing Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1182-1191. [PMID: 37588756 PMCID: PMC10425998 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic kinase inhibitors (MKIs) are gaining attention due to their favorable selectivity and potential to overcome drug resistance, yet they remain challenging to design because of their novel structures. To facilitate the design and discovery of MKIs, we investigate MKI rational design starting from initial acyclic compounds by performing microsecond-scale atomistic simulations for multiple MKIs, constructing an MKI database, and analyzing MKIs using hierarchical cluster analysis. Our studies demonstrate that the binding modes of MKIs are like those of their corresponding acyclic counterparts against the same kinase targets. Importantly, within the respective binding sites, the MKI scaffolds retain the same conformations as their corresponding acyclic counterparts, demonstrating the rigidity of scaffolds before and after molecular cyclization. The MKI database includes 641 nanomole-level MKIs from 56 human kinases elucidating the features of rigid scaffolds and the core structures of MKIs. Collectively these results and resources can facilitate MKI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- School of Data Science and Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Philip E. Bourne
- School of Data Science and Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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64
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Singha M, Pu L, Srivastava G, Ni X, Stanfield BA, Uche IK, Rider PJF, Kousoulas KG, Ramanujam J, Brylinski M. Unlocking the Potential of Kinase Targets in Cancer: Insights from CancerOmicsNet, an AI-Driven Approach to Drug Response Prediction in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4050. [PMID: 37627077 PMCID: PMC10452340 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated protein kinases are crucial in promoting cancer cell proliferation and driving malignant cell signaling. Although these kinases are essential targets for cancer therapy due to their involvement in cell development and proliferation, only a small part of the human kinome has been targeted by drugs. A comprehensive scoring system is needed to evaluate and prioritize clinically relevant kinases. We recently developed CancerOmicsNet, an artificial intelligence model employing graph-based algorithms to predict the cancer cell response to treatment with kinase inhibitors. The performance of this approach has been evaluated in large-scale benchmarking calculations, followed by the experimental validation of selected predictions against several cancer types. To shed light on the decision-making process of CancerOmicsNet and to better understand the role of each kinase in the model, we employed a customized saliency map with adjustable channel weights. The saliency map, functioning as an explainable AI tool, allows for the analysis of input contributions to the output of a trained deep-learning model and facilitates the identification of essential kinases involved in tumor progression. The comprehensive survey of biomedical literature for essential kinases selected by CancerOmicsNet demonstrated that it could help pinpoint potential druggable targets for further investigation in diverse cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Singha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.S.); (G.S.); (X.N.)
| | - Limeng Pu
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (L.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Gopal Srivastava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.S.); (G.S.); (X.N.)
| | - Xialong Ni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.S.); (G.S.); (X.N.)
| | - Brent A. Stanfield
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (B.A.S.); (I.K.U.); (P.J.F.R.); (K.G.K.)
| | - Ifeanyi K. Uche
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (B.A.S.); (I.K.U.); (P.J.F.R.); (K.G.K.)
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Paul J. F. Rider
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (B.A.S.); (I.K.U.); (P.J.F.R.); (K.G.K.)
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (B.A.S.); (I.K.U.); (P.J.F.R.); (K.G.K.)
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J. Ramanujam
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (L.P.); (J.R.)
- Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Michal Brylinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (M.S.); (G.S.); (X.N.)
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (L.P.); (J.R.)
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65
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Li Z, Bao X, Liu X, Wang W, Yang J, Zhu X, Wang S. Transcriptome Profiling Based at Different Time Points after Hatching Deepened Our Understanding on Larval Growth and Development of Amphioctopus fangsiao. Metabolites 2023; 13:927. [PMID: 37623871 PMCID: PMC10456336 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As the quality of life improves, there is an increasing demand for nutrition-rich marine organisms like fish, shellfish, and cephalopods. To address this, artificial cultivation of these organisms is being explored along with ongoing research on their growth and development. A case in point is Amphioctopus fangsiao, a highly valued cephalopod known for its tasty meat, nutrient richness, and rapid growth rate. Despite its significance, there is a dearth of studies on the A. fangsiao growth mechanism, particularly of its larvae. In this study, we collected A. fangsiao larvae at 0, 4, 12, and 24 h post-hatching and conducted transcriptome profiling. Our analysis identified 4467, 5099, and 4181 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at respective intervals, compared to the 0 h sample. We further analyzed the expression trends of these DEGs, noting a predominant trend of continuous upregulation. Functional exploration of this trend entailed GO and KEGG functional enrichment along with protein-protein interaction network analyses. We identified GLDC, DUSP14, DPF2, GNAI1, and ZNF271 as core genes, based on their high upregulation rate, implicated in larval growth and development. Similarly, CLTC, MEF2A, PPP1CB, PPP1R12A, and TJP1, marked by high protein interaction numbers, were identified as hub genes and the gene expression levels identified via RNA-seq analysis were validated through qRT-PCR. By analyzing the functions of key and core genes, we found that the ability of A. fangsiao larvae to metabolize carbohydrates, lipids, and other energy substances during early growth may significantly improve with the growth of the larvae. At the same time, muscle related cells in A. fangsiao larvae may develop rapidly, promoting the growth and development of larvae. Our findings provide preliminary insights into the growth and developmental mechanism of A. fangsiao, setting the stage for more comprehensive understanding and broader research into cephalopod growth and development mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xibo Zhu
- Fishery Technology Service Center of Lanshan District, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Shuhai Wang
- Ocean and Aquatic Research Center of Hekou District, Dongying 257200, China
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66
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Griswold-Prenner I, Kashyap AK, Mazhar S, Hall ZW, Fazelinia H, Ischiropoulos H. Unveiling the human nitroproteome: Protein tyrosine nitration in cell signaling and cancer. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105038. [PMID: 37442231 PMCID: PMC10413360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent amino acid modification significantly expands protein functional capability in regulating biological processes. Tyrosine residues can undergo phosphorylation, sulfation, adenylation, halogenation, and nitration. These posttranslational modifications (PTMs) result from the actions of specific enzymes: tyrosine kinases, tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase(s), adenylate transferase(s), oxidoreductases, peroxidases, and metal-heme containing proteins. Whereas phosphorylation, sulfation, and adenylation modify the hydroxyl group of tyrosine, tyrosine halogenation and nitration target the adjacent carbon residues. Because aberrant tyrosine nitration has been associated with human disorders and with animal models of disease, we have created an updated and curated database of 908 human nitrated proteins. We have also analyzed this new resource to provide insight into the role of tyrosine nitration in cancer biology, an area that has not previously been considered in detail. Unexpectedly, we have found that 879 of the 1971 known sites of tyrosine nitration are also sites of phosphorylation suggesting an extensive role for nitration in cell signaling. Overall, the review offers several forward-looking opportunities for future research and new perspectives for understanding the role of tyrosine nitration in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zach W Hall
- Nitrase Therapeutics, Brisbane, California, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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67
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Murugesan A, Konda Mani S, Thiyagarajan R, Palanivel S, Gurbanov AV, Zubkov FI, Kandhavelu M. Benzenesulfonamide Analogs: Synthesis, Anti-GBM Activity and Pharmacoprofiling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12276. [PMID: 37569654 PMCID: PMC10418358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) emerge as a potential target for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. Benzenesulfonamide analogs were identified as kinase inhibitors possessing promising anticancer properties. In the present work, four known and two novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities in TrkA overexpressing cells, U87 and MEF cells were investigated. The cytotoxic effect of benzenesulfonamide derivatives and cisplatin was determined using trypan blue exclusion assays. The mode of interaction of benzenesulfonamides with TrkA was predicted by docking and structural analysis. ADMET profiling was also performed for all compounds to calculate the drug likeness property. Appropriate QSAR models were developed for studying structure-activity relationships. Compound 4-[2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfon-amide (AL106) and 4-[2-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-inden-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (AL107) showed acceptable binding energies with the active sites for human nerve growth factor receptor, TrkA. Here, AL106 was identified as a potential anti-GBM compound, with an IC50 value of 58.6 µM with a less toxic effect in non-cancerous cells than the known chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. In silico analysis indicated that AL106 formed prominent stabilizing hydrophobic interactions with Tyr359, Ser371, Ile374 and charged interactions with Gln369 of TrkA. Furthermore, in silico analysis of all benzenesulfonamide derivatives revealed that AL106 has good pharmacokinetics properties, drug likeness and toxicity profiles, suggesting the compound may be suitable for clinical trial. Thus, benzenesulfonamide analog, AL106 could potentially induce GBM cell death through its interaction with TrkA and might be an attractive strategy for developing a drug targeted therapy to treat glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Madurai Kamaraj University, Thallakulam, Madurai 625002, India;
- Molecular Signaling Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and BioMediTech, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Saravanan Konda Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai 600073, India;
| | - Ramesh Thiyagarajan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suresh Palanivel
- Molecular Signaling Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and BioMediTech, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Atash V. Gurbanov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Excellence Center, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov Str. 23, Az 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Fedor I. Zubkov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu
- Molecular Signaling Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and BioMediTech, P.O. Box 553, 33101 Tampere, Finland;
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68
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Mohammed AF, Abdelrahman MH, Trembleau L, Youssif BGM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Indole-2-carboxamides as Potential Multi-Target Antiproliferative Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1039. [PMID: 37513950 PMCID: PMC10385579 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A small set of indole-based derivatives, IV and Va-I, was designed and synthesized. Compounds Va-i demonstrated promising antiproliferative activity, with GI50 values ranging from 26 nM to 86 nM compared to erlotinib's 33 nM. The most potent antiproliferative derivatives-Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh-were tested for EGFR inhibitory activity. Compound Va demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against EGFR with an IC50 value of 71 ± 06 nM, which is higher than the reference erlotinib (IC50 = 80 ± 05 nM). Compounds Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh were further tested for BRAFV600E inhibitory activity. The tested compounds inhibited BRAFV600E with IC50 values ranging from 77 nM to 107 nM compared to erlotinib's IC50 value of 60 nM. The inhibitory activity of compounds Va, Ve, Vf, Vg, and Vh against VEGFR-2 was also determined. Finally, in silico docking experiments attempted to investigate the binding mode of compounds within the active sites of EGFR, BRAFV600E, and VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anber F Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71234, Egypt
| | - Laurent Trembleau
- School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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69
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Nirala BK, Yamamichi T, Yustein JT. Deciphering the Signaling Mechanisms of Osteosarcoma Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11367. [PMID: 37511127 PMCID: PMC10379831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the predominant primary bone tumor in the pediatric and adolescent populations. It has high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the most common site of metastasis. In contrast to many other sarcomas, OS lacks conserved translocations or genetic mutations; instead, it has heterogeneous abnormalities, including somatic DNA copy number alteration, ploidy, chromosomal amplification, and chromosomal loss and gain. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes have not significantly improved in over 30 years. Currently, no effective molecularly targeted therapies are available for this disease. Several genomic studies showed inactivation in the tumor suppressor genes, including p53, RB, and ATRX, and hyperactivation of the tumor promoter genes, including MYC and MDM2, in OS. Alterations in the major signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH, Hedgehog/Gli, TGF-β, RTKs, RANK/RANKL, and NF-κB signaling pathways, have been identified in OS development and metastasis. Although OS treatment is currently based on surgical excision and systematic multiagent therapies, several potential targeted therapies are in development. This review focuses on the major signaling pathways of OS, and we propose a biological rationale to consider novel and targeted therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K Nirala
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Taku Yamamichi
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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70
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Nam K, Tao Y, Ovchinnikov V. Molecular Simulations of Conformational Transitions within the Insulin Receptor Kinase Reveal Consensus Features in a Multistep Activation Pathway. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:5789-5798. [PMID: 37363953 PMCID: PMC10332359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the transitions between active and inactive conformations of protein kinases is the primary means of regulating their catalytic activity, achieved by phosphorylation of the activation loop (A-loop). To elucidate the mechanism of this conformational activation, we applied the string method to determine the conformational transition path of insulin receptor kinase between the active and inactive conformations and the corresponding free-energy profiles with and without A-loop phosphorylation. The conformational change was found to proceed in three sequential steps: first, the flipping of the DFG motif of the active site; second, rotation of the A-loop; finally, the inward movement of the αC helix. The main energetic bottleneck corresponds to the conformational change in the A-loop, while changes in the DFG motif and αC helix occur before and after A-loop conformational change, respectively. In accordance with this, two intermediate states are identified, the first state just after the DFG flipping and the second state after the A-loop rotation. These intermediates exhibit structural features characteristic of the corresponding inactive and active conformations of other protein kinases. To understand the impact of A-loop phosphorylation on kinase conformation, the free energies of A-loop phosphorylation were determined at several states along the conformational transition path using the free-energy perturbation simulations. The calculated free energies reveal that while the unphosphorylated kinase interconverts between the inactive and active conformations, A-loop phosphorylation restricts access to the inactive conformation, thereby increasing the active conformation population. Overall, this study suggests a consensus mechanism of conformational activation between different protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangho Nam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Victor Ovchinnikov
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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71
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González-Alvarez ME, Roach CM, Keating AF. Scrambled eggs-Negative impacts of heat stress and chemical exposures on ovarian function in swine. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:503-516. [PMID: 36652419 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants and hyperthermia can hamper reproduction in female mammals including swine. Phenotypic manifestations include poor quality oocytes, endocrine disruption, infertility, lengthened time to conceive, pregnancy loss, and embryonic defects. The ovary has the capacity for toxicant biotransformation, regulated in part by the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway. The impacts of exposure to mycotoxins and pesticides on swine reproduction and the potential for an emerging chemical class of concern, the per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances, to hamper porcine reproduction are reviewed. The negative impairments of heat stress (HS) on swine reproductive outcomes are also described and the cumulative effect of environmental exposures, such as HS, when present in conjunction with a toxicant is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estefanía González-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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72
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Bahman A, Abaza MS, Khoushaish S, Al-Attiyah RJ. Therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib and plant-derived phytochemicals in human colorectal cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37365571 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the sequence-dependent anticancer effects of combined treatment with sorafenib (Sora), a Food and Drug Administration-approved multikinase inhibitor drug, and plant-derived phytochemicals (PPCs) on human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth, and proteins associated with the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of 14 PPCs on CRL1554 fibroblast cells were determined using an MTT assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Sora, PPCs, and a combination of both on CRC cells were also investigated. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry, and cell apoptosis was investigated using DNA fragmentation, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential analyses. The cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated protein expression levels were analysed using western blotting. RESULTS Based on their low levels of cytotoxicity in CRL1554 cells at ≤ 20%, curcumin, quercetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol were selected for use in subsequent experiments. The combined treatment of sora and PPCs caused levels of CRC cytotoxicity in a dose-, cell type-, and schedule-dependent manner. Moreover, the combined treatment of CRC cells arrested cell growth at the S and G2/M phases, induced apoptotic cell death, caused extensive mitochondrial membrane damage, and altered the expression of the cell cycle and apoptotic proteins. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study highlighted a difference in the level of sora efficacy in CRC cells when combined with PPCs. Further in vivo and clinical studies using the combined treatment of sora and PPCs are required to determine their potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed Bahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed-Salah Abaza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Sarah Khoushaish
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Rajaa J Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
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73
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Shaban RM, Samir N, Nissan YM, Abouzid KAM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation with molecular dynamics study of novel pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine derivatives as anti-cancer agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17074-17096. [PMID: 37293475 PMCID: PMC10245091 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00446e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In continuation of our efforts to discover new structural chemotypes with significant chemotherapeutic activities, a novel series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based compounds linked to a piperazine ring, bearing different aromatic moieties, through different linkages was designed and synthesized as FLT3 inhibitors. All of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on 60-NCI cell lines. Compounds with the piperazine acetamide linkage XIIa-f & XVI exhibited a remarkable anticancer activity among all of the tested compounds, especially against non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, leukemia and renal cancer models. Furthermore, compound XVI (NSC no - 833644) was further screened with a 5-dose assay on nine subpanels and exhibited a GI50 between 1.17 and 18.40 μM. On the other hand, molecular docking and dynamics studies were performed to predict the binding mode of the newly synthesized compounds in the FLT3 binding domain. Finally, through a predictive kinetic study, several ADME descriptors were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Shaban
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) Giza Egypt
| | - Nermin Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Yassin M Nissan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) Giza Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
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74
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Smolnig M, Fasching S, Stelzl U. De Novo Linear Phosphorylation Site Motifs for BCR-ABL Kinase Revealed by Phospho-Proteomics in Yeast. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1790-1799. [PMID: 37053475 PMCID: PMC10243146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BCR-ABL is the oncogenic fusion product of tyrosine kinase ABL1 and a highly frequent driver of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The kinase activity of BCR-ABL is strongly elevated; however, changes of substrate specificity in comparison to wild-type ABL1 kinase are less well characterized. Here, we heterologously expressed full-length BCR-ABL kinases in yeast. We exploited the proteome of living yeast as an in vivo phospho-tyrosine substrate for assaying human kinase specificity. Phospho-proteomic analysis of ABL1 and BCR-ABL isoforms p190 and p210 yielded a high-confidence data set of 1127 phospho-tyrosine sites on 821 yeast proteins. We used this data set to generate linear phosphorylation site motifs for ABL1 and the oncogenic ABL1 fusion proteins. The oncogenic kinases yielded a substantially different linear motif when compared to ABL1. Kinase set enrichment analysis with human pY-sites that have high linear motif scores well-recalled BCR-ABL driven cancer cell lines from human phospho-proteome data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Smolnig
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Fasching
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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75
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Singh H. Role of Molecular Targeted Therapeutic Drugs in Treatment of Glioblastoma: A Review Article. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:42-47. [PMID: 37077370 PMCID: PMC10110362 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-57028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is remarkably periodic primary brain tumor, characterizing an eminently heterogeneous pattern of neoplasms that are utmost destructive and threatening cancers. An enhanced and upgraded knowledge of the various molecular pathways that cause malignant changes in glioblastoma has resulted in advancement of numerous biomarkers and the interpretation of various agents that pointedly target tumor cells and microenvironment. In this review, literature or information on various targeted therapy for glioblastoma is discussed. English language articles were scrutinized in plentiful directory or databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The important keywords used for searching databases are "Glioblastoma," "Targeted therapy in glioblastoma," "Therapeutic drugs in glioblastoma," and "Molecular targets in glioblastoma."
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Index Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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76
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Khatik SY, Sudhakar S, Mishra S, Kalia J, Pradeepkumar PI, Srivatsan SG. Probing juxtaposed G-quadruplex and hairpin motifs using a responsive nucleoside probe: a unique scaffold for chemotherapy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5627-5637. [PMID: 37265741 PMCID: PMC10231310 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paucity of efficient probes and small molecule ligands that can distinguish different G-quadruplex (GQ) topologies poses challenges not only in understanding their basic structure but also in targeting an individual GQ form from others. Alternatively, G-rich sequences that harbour unique chimeric structural motifs (e.g., GQ-duplex or GQ-hairpin junctions) are perceived as new therapeutic hotspots. In this context, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, implicated in many cancers, contains a 30 nucleotide G-rich segment in the promoter region, which adopts in vitro two unique architectures each composed of a GQ topology (parallel and hybrid-type) juxtaposed with a hairpin domain. Here, we report the use of a novel dual-app probe, C5-trifluoromethyl benzofuran-modified 2'-deoxyuridine (TFBF-dU), in the systematic analysis of EGFR GQs and their interaction with small molecules by fluorescence and 19F NMR techniques. Notably, distinct fluorescence and 19F NMR signals exhibited by the probe enabled the quantification of the relative population of random, parallel and hybrid-type GQ structures under different conditions, which could not be obtained by conventional CD and 1H NMR techniques. Using the fluorescence component, we quantified ligand binding properties of GQs, whereas the 19F label enabled the assessment of ligand-induced changes in GQ dynamics. Studies also revealed that mutations in the hairpin domain affected GQ formation and stability, which was further functionally verified in polymerase stop assay. We anticipate that these findings and useful properties of the nucleoside probe could be utilized in designing and evaluating binders that jointly target both GQ and hairpin domains for enhanced selectivity and druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Y Khatik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - Sruthi Sudhakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Satyajit Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 India
| | - Jeet Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal 462066 India
| | - P I Pradeepkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Seergazhi G Srivatsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
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77
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Criado PR, Lorenzini D, Miot HA, Bueno-Filho R, Carneiro FRO, Ianhez M. New small molecules in dermatology: for the autoimmunity, inflammation and beyond. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01744-w. [PMID: 37212867 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The discovery of new inflammatory pathways and the mechanism of action of inflammatory, autoimmune, genetic, and neoplastic diseases led to the development of immunologically driven drugs. We aimed to perform a narrative review regarding the rising of a new class of drugs capable of blocking important and specific intracellular signals in the maintenance of these pathologies: the small molecules. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 114 scientific papers were enrolled in this narrative review. RESULTS We describe in detail the families of protein kinases-Janus Kinase (JAK), Src kinase, Syk tyrosine kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), and Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)-their physiologic function and new drugs that block these pathways of intracellular signaling. We also detail the involved cytokines and the main metabolic and clinical implications of these new medications in the field of dermatology. CONCLUSIONS Despite having lower specificity compared to specific immunobiological therapies, these new drugs are effective in a wide variety of dermatological diseases, especially diseases that had few therapeutic options, such as psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ricardo Criado
- Faculdade de Medicina Do ABC, Post-Graduation Program, Full Researcher, Santo André, Rua Carneiro Leão 33, Vila Scarpelli, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Lorenzini
- Santa Casa de Misericórida de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hélio Amante Miot
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Bueno-Filho
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Mayra Ianhez
- Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) E Hospital de Doenças Tropicais (HDT-GO), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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78
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Nag A, Mafi A, Das S, Yu MB, Alvarez-Villalonga B, Kim SK, Su Y, Goddard WA, Heath JR. Stereochemical engineering yields a multifunctional peptide macrocycle inhibitor of Akt2 by fine-tuning macrocycle-cell membrane interactions. Commun Chem 2023; 6:95. [PMID: 37202473 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrocycle peptides are promising constructs for imaging and inhibiting extracellular, and cell membrane proteins, but their use for targeting intracellular proteins is typically limited by poor cell penetration. We report the development of a cell-penetrant high-affinity peptide ligand targeted to the phosphorylated Ser474 epitope of the (active) Akt2 kinase. This peptide can function as an allosteric inhibitor, an immunoprecipitation reagent, and a live cell immunohistochemical staining reagent. Two cell penetrant stereoisomers were prepared and shown to exhibit similar target binding affinities and hydrophobic character but 2-3-fold different rates of cell penetration. Experimental and computational studies resolved that the ligands' difference in cell penetration could be assigned to their differential interactions with cholesterol in the membrane. These results expand the tool kit for designing new chiral-based cell-penetrant ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Nag
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amirhossein Mafi
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Samir Das
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Yu
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yapeng Su
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - James R Heath
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
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79
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Yang CZ, Guo W, Wang YF, Hu LH, Wang J, Luo JM, Yao XH, Liu S, Tao LT, Sun LL, Lin LZ. Reduction in gefitinib resistance mediated by Yi-Fei San-Jie pill in non-small cell lung cancer through regulation of tyrosine metabolism, cell cycle, and the MET/EGFR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116566. [PMID: 37169317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese herbal prescription Yi-Fei San-Jie pill (YFSJ) has been used for adjuvant treatment in patients with lung cancer for a long time. AIM OF THE STUDY Reports have indicated that the combination of gefitinib (Gef) with YFSJ inhibits the proliferation of EGFR-TKI-resistant cell lines by enhancing cellular apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of YFSJ on EGFR-TKI resistance and related metabolic pathways remain to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our report, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), metabolomics, network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and biological analysis methods were used to investigate the mechanism. RESULTS The UPLC-MS/MS data identified 42 active compounds of YFSJ extracts. YFSJ extracts can enhance the antitumor efficacy of Gef without hepatic and renal toxicity in vivo. The analysis of the metabolomics pathway enrichment revealed that YFSJ mainly affected the tyrosine metabolism pathway in rat models. Moreover, YFSJ has been shown to reverse Gef resistance and improve the effects of Gef on the cellular viability, migration capacity, and cell cycle arrest of NSCLC cell lines with EGFR mutations. The results of network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses revealed that tyrosine metabolism-related active compounds of YFSJ affect EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC by targeting cell cycle and the MET/EGFR signaling pathway; these findings were validated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS YFSJ inhibits NSCLC by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase to suppress tumor growth, cell viability, and cell migration through synergistic effects with Gef via the tyrosine metabolic pathway and the EGFR/MET signaling pathway. To summarize, the findings of the current study indicate that YFSJ is a prospective complementary treatment for Gef-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Zhi Yang
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lei-Hao Hu
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Jia-Min Luo
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Yao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Lan-Ting Tao
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Li-Zhu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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80
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Heininen J, Erbacher C, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R, Teppo J. Enzymatic Phosphorylation of Oxidized Tyrosine Residues. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37146082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) alter the function and fate of proteins and cells in almost every conceivable way. Protein modifications can occur as a result of specific regulating actions of enzymes, such as tyrosine kinases phosphorylating tyrosine residues or by nonenzymatic reactions, such as oxidation related to oxidative stress and diseases. While many studies have addressed the multisite, dynamic, and network-like properties of PTMs, only little is known of the interplay of the same site modifications. In this work, we studied the enzymatic phosphorylation of oxidized tyrosine (l-DOPA) residues using synthetic insulin receptor peptides, in which tyrosine residues were replaced with l-DOPA. The phosphorylated peptides were identified by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and the site of phosphorylation by tandem mass spectrometry. The results clearly show that the oxidized tyrosine residues are phosphorylated, displaying a specific immonium ion peak in the MS2 spectra. Furthermore, we detected this modification in our reanalysis (MassIVE ID: MSV000090106) of published bottom-up phosphoproteomics data. The modification, where both oxidation and phosphorylation take place at the same amino acid, has not yet been published in PTM databases. Our data indicate that there can be multiple PTMs that do not exclude each other at the same modification site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heininen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Catharina Erbacher
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tapio Kotiaho
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kostiainen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Teppo
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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81
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Varshney N, Mishra AK. Deep Learning in Phosphoproteomics: Methods and Application in Cancer Drug Discovery. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11020016. [PMID: 37218921 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification (PTM) that is a central regulatory mechanism of many cellular signaling pathways. Several protein kinases and phosphatases precisely control this biochemical process. Defects in the functions of these proteins have been implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of biological samples provides in-depth coverage of phosphoproteome. A large amount of MS data available in public repositories has unveiled big data in the field of phosphoproteomics. To address the challenges associated with handling large data and expanding confidence in phosphorylation site prediction, the development of many computational algorithms and machine learning-based approaches have gained momentum in recent years. Together, the emergence of experimental methods with high resolution and sensitivity and data mining algorithms has provided robust analytical platforms for quantitative proteomics. In this review, we compile a comprehensive collection of bioinformatic resources used for the prediction of phosphorylation sites, and their potential therapeutic applications in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Varshney
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 93093, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Abhinava K Mishra
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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82
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Pandey P, Khan F, Upadhyay TK, Seungjoon M, Park MN, Kim B. New insights about the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway as a promising target to develop cancer therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114491. [PMID: 37002577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cancers express platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs). By directly stimulating tumour cells in an autocrine manner or by stimulating tumour stromal cells in a paracrine manner, the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) pathway is crucial in the growth and spread of several cancers. To combat hypoxia in the tumour microenvironment, it encourages angiogenesis. A growing body of experimental data shows that PDGFs target malignant cells, vascular cells, and stromal cells to modulate tumour growth, metastasis, and the tumour microenvironment. To combat medication resistance and enhance patient outcomes in cancers, targeting the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a viable therapeutic approach. There have been reports of anomalies in the PDGF pathway, including the gain of function point mutations, activating chromosomal translocations, or overexpression or amplification of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs). As a result, it has been shown that targeting the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway is an effective method for treating cancer. As a result, this study will concentrate on the regulation of the PDGF/PDGFR signaling system, in particular the current methods and inhibitors used in cancer treatment, as well as the associated therapeutic advantages and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, UP, India.
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Moon Seungjoon
- Chansol Hospital of Korean Medicine, 290, Buheung-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 21390, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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83
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Di Y, Li W, Salovska B, Ba Q, Hu Z, Wang S, Liu Y. A basic phosphoproteomic-DIA workflow integrating precise quantification of phosphosites in systems biology. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:82-98. [PMID: 37753060 PMCID: PMC10518521 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, governing critical protein functions. Most human proteins have been shown to undergo phosphorylation, and phosphoproteomic studies have been widely applied due to recent advancements in high-resolution mass spectrometry technology. Although the experimental workflow for phosphoproteomics has been well-established, it would be useful to optimize and summarize a detailed, feasible protocol that combines phosphoproteomics and data-independent acquisition (DIA), along with follow-up data analysis procedures due to the recent instrumental and bioinformatic advances in measuring and understanding tens of thousands of site-specific phosphorylation events in a single experiment. Here, we describe an optimized Phos-DIA protocol, from sample preparation to bioinformatic analysis, along with practical considerations and experimental configurations for each step. The protocol is designed to be robust and applicable for both small-scale phosphoproteomic analysis and large-scale quantification of hundreds of samples for studies in systems biology and systems medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Di
- Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Wenxue Li
- Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Barbora Salovska
- Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Qian Ba
- Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Current address: Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Zhenyi Hu
- Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Shisheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Proteomics-Metabolomics Analysis Platform, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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84
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El-Tanani M, Nsairat H, Aljabali AA, Serrano-Aroca-Angel Á, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Naikoo GA, Alshaer W, Tambuwala MM. Role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling in oncogenesis. Life Sci 2023; 323:121662. [PMID: 37028545 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The signalling system known as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is believed to be required for several biological activities involving cell proliferation. The serine-threonine kinase identified as mTOR recognises PI3K-AKT stress signals. It is well established in the scientific literature that the deregulation of the mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in cancer growth and advancement. This review focuses on the normal functions of mTOR as well as its abnormal roles in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom.
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca-Angel
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, PC 211, Oman.
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
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85
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Zayed MF. Medicinal Chemistry of Quinazolines as Anticancer Agents Targeting Tyrosine Kinases. Sci Pharm 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm91020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can affect any organ or body tissue due to the abnormal cellular growth with the unknown reasons. Many of the existing chemotherapeutic agents are highly toxic with a low level of selectivity. Additionally, they lead to development of therapeutic resistance. Hence, the development of targeted chemotherapeutic agents with low side effects and high selectivity is required for cancer treatment. Quinazoline is a vital scaffold well-known to be linked with several biological activities. The anticancer activity is one of the prominent biological activities of this scaffold. Several established anticancer quinazolines work by different mechanisms on the various molecular targets. The aim of this review is to present different features of medicinal chemistry as drug design, structure activity relationship, and mode of action of some targeted anticancer quinazoline derivatives. It gives comprehensive attention on the chemotherapeutic activity of quinazolines in the viewpoint of drug discovery and its development. This review provides panoramic view to the medicinal chemists for supporting their efforts to design and synthesize novel quinazolines as targeted chemotherapeutic agents.
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86
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Metformin Attenuates the Inflammatory Response via the Regulation of Synovial M1 Macrophage in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065355. [PMID: 36982442 PMCID: PMC10049635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease, is characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone sclerosis, synovitis, and osteophyte formation. Metformin, a hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has been evidenced to have anti-inflammatory properties to treat OA. It hampers the M1 polarization of synovial sublining macrophages, which promotes synovitis and exacerbates OA, thus lessening cartilage loss. In this study, metformin prevented the pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by M1 macrophages, suppressed the inflammatory response of chondrocytes cultured with conditional medium (CM) from M1 macrophages, and mitigated the migration of M1 macrophages induced by interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß)-treated chondrocytes in vitro. In the meantime, metformin reduced the invasion of M1 macrophages in synovial regions brought about by the destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM) surgery in mice, and alleviated cartilage degeneration. Mechanistically, metformin regulated PI3K/AKT and downstream pathways in M1 macrophages. Overall, we demonstrated the therapeutic potential of metformin targeting synovial M1 macrophages in OA.
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87
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Sousa A, Dugourd A, Memon D, Petursson B, Petsalaki E, Saez-Rodriguez J, Beltrao P. Pan-Cancer landscape of protein activities identifies drivers of signalling dysregulation and patient survival. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e10631. [PMID: 36688815 PMCID: PMC9996241 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations in cancer cells trigger oncogenic transformation, a process largely mediated by the dysregulation of kinase and transcription factor (TF) activities. While the mutational profiles of thousands of tumours have been extensively characterised, the measurements of protein activities have been technically limited until recently. We compiled public data of matched genomics and (phospho)proteomics measurements for 1,110 tumours and 77 cell lines that we used to estimate activity changes in 218 kinases and 292 TFs. Co-regulation of kinase and TF activities reflects previously known regulatory relationships and allows us to dissect genetic drivers of signalling changes in cancer. We find that loss-of-function mutations are not often associated with the dysregulation of downstream targets, suggesting frequent compensatory mechanisms. Finally, we identified the activities most differentially regulated in cancer subtypes and showed how these can be linked to differences in patient survival. Our results provide broad insights into the dysregulation of protein activities in cancer and their contribution to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sousa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto (i3s), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Danish Memon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Borgthor Petursson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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88
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Wang YL, Hou YH, Ling ZJ, Zhao HL, Zheng XR, Zhang XD, Yin ZJ, Ding YY. RNA sequencing analysis of the longissimus dorsi to identify candidate genes underlying the intramuscular fat content in Anqing Six-end-white pigs. Anim Genet 2023; 54:315-327. [PMID: 36866648 DOI: 10.1111/age.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a significant marker for pork quality. The Anqing Six-end-white pig has the characteristics of high meat quality and IMF content. Owing to the influence of European commercial pigs and a late start in resource conservation, the IMF content within local populations varies between individuals. This study analyzed the longissimus dorsi transcriptome of purebred Anqing Six-end-white pigs with varying IMF content to recognize differentially expressed genes. We identified 1528 differentially expressed genes between the pigs with high (H) and low (L) IMF content. Based on these data, 1775 Gene Ontology terms were significantly enriched, including lipid metabolism, modification and storage, and regulation of lipid biosynthesis. Pathway analysis revealed 79 significantly enriched pathways, including the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the L group had increased the expression of genes related to ribosome function. Additionally, the protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed that VEGFA, KDR, LEP, IRS1, IGF1R, FLT1 and FLT4 were promising candidate genes associated with the IMF content. Our study identified the candidate genes and pathways involved in IMF deposition and lipid metabolism and provides data for developing local pig germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y H Hou
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z J Ling
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H L Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X R Zheng
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X D Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Z J Yin
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Y Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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89
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Shehata MA, Contreras J, Martín-Hurtado A, Froux A, Mohamed HT, El-Sherif AA, Plaza-Menacho I. Structural and dynamic determinants for highly selective RET kinase inhibition reveal cryptic druggability. J Adv Res 2023; 45:87-100. [PMID: 35595215 PMCID: PMC10006619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The structural and dynamic determinants that confer highly selective RET kinase inhibition are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To explore the druggability landscape of the RET active site in order to uncover structural and dynamic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. METHODS We apply an integrated structural, computational and biochemical approach in order to explore the druggability landscape of the RET active site. RESULTS We demonstrate that the that the druggability landscape of the RET active site is determined by the conformational setting of the ATP-binding (P-) loop and its coordination with the αC helix. Open and intermediate P-loop structures display additional druggable vulnerabilities within the active site that were not exploited by first generation RET inhibitors. We identify a cryptic pocket adjacent to the catalytic lysine formed by K758, L760, E768 and L772, that we name the post-lysine pocket, with higher druggability potential than the adenine-binding site and with important implications in the regulation of the phospho-tyrosine kinase activity. Crystal structure and simulation data show that the binding mode of highly-selective RET kinase inhibitors LOXO-292 and BLU-667 is controlled by a synchronous open P-loop and αC-in configuration that allows accessibility to the post-lysine pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these inhibitors efficiently occupy the post-lysine pocket with high stability through the simulation time-scale (300 ns), with both inhibitors forming hydrophobic contacts further stabilized by pi-cation interactions with the catalytic K758. Engineered mutants targeting the post-lysine pocket impact on inhibitor binding and sensitivity, as well as RET tyrosine kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS The identification of the post-lysine pocket as a new druggable vulnerability in the RET kinase and its exploitation by second generation RET inhibitors have important implications for future drug design and the development of personalized therapies for patients with RET-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A Shehata
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Julia Contreras
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-Hurtado
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Aurane Froux
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza 12451, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Iván Plaza-Menacho
- Kinases, Protein Phosphorylation and Cancer Group, Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.
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90
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Pellicer N, Cozzolino M, Diaz-García C, Galliano D, Cobo A, Pellicer A, Herraiz S. Ovarian rescue in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: facts and fiction. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:543-565. [PMID: 36710157 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ovary has a comparatively short functional lifespan compared with other organs, and genetic and pathological injuries can further shorten its functional life. Thus, preserving ovarian function should be considered in the context of women with threats to ovarian reserve, such as ageing, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Indeed, one-third of women with POI retain resting follicles that can be reactivated to produce competent oocytes, as proved by the in-vitro activation of dormant follicles. This paper discusses mechanisms and clinical data relating to new therapeutic strategies using ovarian fragmentation, stem cells or platelet-rich plasma to regain ovarian function in women of older age (>38 years) or with POI or DOR. Follicle reactivation techniques show promising experimental outcomes and have been successful in some cases, when POI is established or DOR diagnosed; however, there is scarce clinical evidence to warrant their widespread clinical use. Beyond these contexts, also discussed is how new insights into the biological mechanisms governing follicular dynamics and oocyte competence may play a role in reversing ovarian damage, as no technique modifies oocyte quality. Additional studies should focus on increasing follicle number and quality. Finally, there is a small but important subgroup of women lacking residual follicles and requiring oocyte generation from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Diaz-García
- IVI London, EGA Institute for Women's Health, UCL, London, UK; IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cobo
- IVI RMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pellicer
- IVI RMA Rome, Rome, Italy; IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Herraiz
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.
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91
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Zhao X, Richardson DR. The role of the NDRG1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188871. [PMID: 36841367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women. This disease is heterogeneous, with clinical subtypes being estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) positive, having human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, or being triple-negative for ER-α, progesterone receptor, and HER2 (TNBC). The ER-α positive and HER2 overexpressing tumors can be treated with agents targeting these proteins, including tamoxifen and pertuzumab, respectively. Despite these treatments, resistance and metastasis are problematic, while TNBC is challenging to treat due to the lack of suitable targets. Many studies examining BC and other tumors indicate a role for N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) as a metastasis suppressor. The ability of NDRG1 to inhibit metastasis is due, in part, to the inhibition of the initial step in metastasis, namely the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Paradoxically, there are also reports of NDRG1 playing a pro-oncogenic role in BC pathogenesis. The oncogenic effects of NDRG1 in BC have been reported to relate to lipid metabolism or the mTOR signaling pathway. The molecular mechanism(s) of how NDRG1 regulates the activity of multiple signaling pathways remains unclear. Therapeutic strategies that up-regulate NDRG1 have been developed and include agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone class. These compounds target oncogenic drivers in BC cells, suppressing the expression of multiple key hormone receptors including ER-α, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, and prolactin receptor, and can also overcome tamoxifen resistance. Considering the varying role of NDRG1 in BC pathogenesis, further studies are required to examine what subset of BC patients would benefit from pharmacopeia that up-regulate NDRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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92
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Liu X, Hu Y, Xue Z, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu G, Wen M, Chen A, Huang B, Li X, Yang N, Wang J. Valtrate, an iridoid compound in Valeriana, elicits anti-glioblastoma activity through inhibition of the PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:147. [PMID: 36829235 PMCID: PMC9960449 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valtrate, a natural compound isolated from the root of Valeriana, exhibits antitumor activity in many cancers through different mechanisms. However, its efficacy for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), a tumor type with a poor prognosis, has not yet been rigorously investigated. METHODS GBM cell lines were treated with valtrate and CCK-8, colony formation and EdU assays, flow cytometry, and transwell, 3D tumor spheroid invasion and GBM-brain organoid co-culture invasion assays were performed to assess properties of proliferation, viability, apoptosis and invasion/migration. RNA sequencing analysis on valtrate-treated cells was performed to identify putative target genes underlying the antitumor activity of the drug in GBM cells. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate protein levels in valtrate-treated cell lines and in samples obtained from orthotopic xenografts. A specific activator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was used to identify the pathways mediating the effect. RESULTS Valtrate significantly inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells in vitro by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressed invasion and migration of GBM cells by inhibiting levels of proteins associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA sequencing analysis of valtrate-treated GBM cells revealed platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) as a potential target downregulated by the drug. Analysis of PDGFRA protein and downstream mediators demonstrated that valtrate inhibited PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling. Finally, treatment of tumor-bearing nude mice with valtrate led to decreased tumor volume (fivefold difference at day 28) and enhanced survival (day 27 vs day 36, control vs valtrate-treated) relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrated that the natural product valtrate elicits antitumor activity in GBM cells through targeting PDGFRA and thus provides a candidate therapeutic compound for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Yaotian Hu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Guowei Liu
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Muzi Wen
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Foushan, 528000 China
| | - Anjing Chen
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Bin Huang
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Xingang Li
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China. .,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, 250117, China. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
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93
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Kumar A, Bhagat KK, Singh AK, Singh H, Angre T, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Medicinal chemistry perspective of pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6872-6908. [PMID: 36865574 PMCID: PMC9972360 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of deaths across the globe due to chemoresistance and lack of selective chemotherapy. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine is an emerging scaffold in medicinal chemistry having a broad spectrum of activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, CNS depressive, anticonvulsant, and antipyretic activities. In this study, we have covered different cancer targets, including tyrosine kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinases - ABL kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, BCR-ABL, dihydrofolate reductase, cyclin-dependent kinase, phosphodiesterase, KRAS and fibroblast growth factor receptors, their signaling pathways, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of the above-mentioned targets. This review will represent the complete medicinal and pharmacological profile of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents, and will help scientists to design new selective, effective and safe anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Kuber Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and SciencesPrayagraj211007India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Unayzah 51911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 4700 Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Core Labs Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
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94
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Targeting Human Proteins for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Repurposing Efforts: A Focus on Protein Kinases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020568. [PMID: 36851782 PMCID: PMC9966946 DOI: 10.3390/v15020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great technological and medical advances in fighting viral diseases, new therapies for most of them are still lacking, and existing antivirals suffer from major limitations regarding drug resistance and a limited spectrum of activity. In fact, most approved antivirals are directly acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, which interfere with viral proteins and confer great selectivity towards their viral targets but suffer from resistance and limited spectrum. Nowadays, host-targeted antivirals (HTAs) are on the rise, in the drug discovery and development pipelines, in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry. These drugs target host proteins involved in the virus life cycle and are considered promising alternatives to DAAs due to their broader spectrum and lower potential for resistance. Herein, we discuss an important class of HTAs that modulate signal transduction pathways by targeting host kinases. Kinases are considered key enzymes that control virus-host interactions. We also provide a synopsis of the antiviral drug discovery and development pipeline detailing antiviral kinase targets, drug types, therapeutic classes for repurposed drugs, and top developing organizations. Furthermore, we detail the drug design and repurposing considerations, as well as the limitations and challenges, for kinase-targeted antivirals, including the choice of the binding sites, physicochemical properties, and drug combinations.
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95
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Brulet JW, Ciancone AM, Yuan K, Hsu K. Advances in Activity‐Based Protein Profiling of Functional Tyrosines in Proteomes. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Brulet
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 United States (K.-L.H
| | - Anthony M. Ciancone
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 United States (K.-L.H
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 United States (K.-L.H
| | - Ku‐Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22904 United States (K.-L.H
- Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia 22908 United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia 22908 United States
- University of Virginia Cancer Center University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22903 USA
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96
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Chen J, Zhai J, Li M, Liu S, Gong X, Yu H, Wei H, Chen W. In vitro and in vivo analyses on anti-NSCLC activity of apatinib: rediscovery of a new drug target V600E mutation. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:21. [PMID: 36759818 PMCID: PMC9909954 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apatinib (YN968D1) is the first small-molecule-targeting drug with anti-tumor activity created in China for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It showed significant variation in the efficacy for treating cancers, including advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whether its efficacy could be optimized by subgrouping patients with certain genetic variation remains elusive. METHODS Here, we firstly used kinase screening to identify any possible target of apatinib against 138 kinases. The effects of apatinib on proliferation rates, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and cell migration on cancer cell lines were analyzed; the in vitro potential pathways of apatinib on cancer cell lines were screened. The effect of apatinib on mouse cancer models in vivo was also analyzed. RESULTS Based on HCC364 cells with BRAF V600E mutation, we have shown that apatinib could inhibit their growth, migration, cell cycle, and induce their apoptosis. Based on mice with transplanted HCC364 cells, we have also shown that apatinib could inhibit the tumor growth. Based on immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated that apatinib could suppress the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinases. This may account at least part of the apatinib's inhibitory effect on HCC364 cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS BRAF V600E protein kinase is a target of apatinib by kinase screening. We have demonstrated that apatinib can effectively inhibit tumor cells with BRAF V600E mutation by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results have demonstrated that targeting BRAF V600E mutation, apatinib appears to be effective and safe for treating NSCLC and possibly other cancers with the same mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Jingwen Zhai
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Mingming Li
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Shiyi Liu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Xiaobin Gong
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Hua Wei
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Medical Guarantee Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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97
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Ghannam IAY, El Kerdawy AM, Mounier MM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Ali IH. Novel 2-oxo-2-phenylethoxy and benzyloxy diaryl urea hybrids as VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200341. [PMID: 36398495 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two series of diaryl urea derivatives, 6a-k and 7a-n, were synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were tested against the NCI (US) cancer cell lines via SRB assay. The p-chloro-m-trifluoromethyl phenyl derivatives 6e-g and 7e-g showed the most potent cytotoxic activity with a GI50 value range of 1.2-15.9 µM. Furthermore, the p-fluorobenzyloxy diaryl urea derivative 7g revealed the most potent cytotoxicity against eight cancer cell lines in the MTT assay with IC50 values below 5 µM. Compounds 6a-k and 7a-n were tested for their vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) kinase inhibitory activities. The p-chloro-m-trifluoromethyl diaryl urea benzyloxy derivatives 7e-i and the p-methoxydiaryl urea benzyloxy derivatives 7k, 7l, and 7n were found to be the most active compounds as VEGFR-2 inhibitors in the benzyloxy series 7, with an IC50 range of 0.09-4.15 µM. In the 2-oxo-2-phenylethoxy series 6, compounds 6e-g and 6i were reported with IC50 values of 0.94, 0.54, 2.71, and 4.81 µM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 7e and 7g induced apoptosis, causing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In addition, 7g showed an antimigratory effect in A-375 cells and inhibited the VEGFR-2 expression in an immunohistofluorescence study. Molecular docking simulations on VEGFR-2 as well as ADME properties prediction were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Mounier
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt.,Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Islam H Ali
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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98
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Ruiz-Saenz A, Atreya CE, Wang C, Pan B, Dreyer CA, Brunen D, Prahallad A, Muñoz DP, Ramms DJ, Burghi V, Spassov DS, Fewings E, Hwang YC, Cowdrey C, Moelders C, Schwarzer C, Wolf DM, Hann B, VandenBerg SR, Shokat K, Moasser MM, Bernards R, Gutkind JS, van 't Veer LJ, Coppé JP. A reversible SRC-relayed COX2 inflammatory program drives resistance to BRAF and EGFR inhibition in BRAF V600E colorectal tumors. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:240-256. [PMID: 36759733 PMCID: PMC9970872 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BRAFV600E mutation confers a poor prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) despite combinatorial targeted therapies based on the latest understanding of signaling circuitry. To identify parallel resistance mechanisms induced by BRAF-MEK-EGFR co-targeting, we used a high-throughput kinase activity mapping platform. Here we show that SRC kinases are systematically activated in BRAFV600E CRC following targeted inhibition of BRAF ± EGFR and that coordinated targeting of SRC with BRAF ± EGFR increases treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo. SRC drives resistance to BRAF ± EGFR targeted therapy independently of ERK signaling by inducing transcriptional reprogramming through β-catenin (CTNNB1). The EGFR-independent compensatory activation of SRC kinases is mediated by an autocrine prostaglandin E2 loop that can be blocked with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors. Co-targeting of COX2 with BRAF + EGFR promotes durable suppression of tumor growth in patient-derived tumor xenograft models. COX2 inhibition represents a drug-repurposing strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance in BRAFV600E CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology & Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chloe E Atreya
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Changjun Wang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diede Brunen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anirudh Prahallad
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise P Muñoz
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Valeria Burghi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Danislav S Spassov
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eleanor Fewings
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yeonjoo C Hwang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Cowdrey
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christina Moelders
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Schwarzer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise M Wolf
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott R VandenBerg
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevan Shokat
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Coppé
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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99
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Jin N, Xia Y, Gao Q. Combined PARP inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors in solid tumor treatment (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 62:28. [PMID: 36601757 PMCID: PMC9851129 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of precision medicine, targeted therapy has attracted extensive attention. Poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are critical clinical drugs designed to induce cell death and are major antitumor targeted agents. However, preclinical and clinical data have revealed the limitations of PARPi monotherapy. Therefore, their combination with other targeted drugs has become a research hotspot in tumor treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of small molecular inhibitors in multiple haematological cancers and solid tumors via cellular signalling modulation, exhibiting potential as a combined pharmacotherapy. In the present review, studies focused on small molecular inhibitors targeting the homologous recombination pathway were summarized and clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of combined treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Key Laboratory of The Ministry of Education, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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100
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Moon Y, Jeon SI, Shim MK, Kim K. Cancer-Specific Delivery of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) and Their Application to Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020411. [PMID: 36839734 PMCID: PMC9965039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are rapidly emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy by inducing the degradation of tumor-overexpressing oncogenic proteins. They can specifically catalyze the degradation of target oncogenic proteins by recruiting E3 ligases and utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Since their mode of action is universal, irreversible, recyclable, long-lasting, and applicable to 'undruggable' proteins, PROTACs are gradually replacing the role of conventional small molecular inhibitors. Moreover, their application areas are being expanded to cancer immunotherapy as various types of oncogenic proteins that are involved in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. However, poor water solubility and low cell permeability considerably restrict the pharmacokinetic (PK) property, which necessitates the use of appropriate delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, the general characteristics, developmental status, and PK of PROTACs are first briefly covered. Next, recent studies on the application of various types of passive or active targeting delivery systems for PROTACs are introduced, and their effects on the PK and tumor-targeting ability of PROTACs are described. Finally, recent drug delivery systems of PROTACs for cancer immunotherapy are summarized. The adoption of an adequate delivery system for PROTAC is expected to accelerate the clinical translation of PROTACs, as well as improve its efficacy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Moon
- Department of Bioengineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ik Jeon
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Kyu Shim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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