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Extraocular Vision in a Brittle Star Is Mediated by Chromatophore Movement in Response to Ambient Light. Curr Biol 2020; 30:319-327.e4. [PMID: 31902727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Almost all animals can sense light, but only those with spatial vision can "see." Conventionally, this was restricted to animals possessing discrete visual organs (eyes), but extraocular vision could facilitate vision without eyes. Echinoderms form the focus of extraocular vision research [1-7], and the brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii, which exhibits light-responsive color change and shelter seeking, became a key species of interest [4, 8, 9]. Both O. wendtii and an apparently light-indifferent congeneric, O. pumila, possess an extensive network of r-opsin-reactive cells, but its function remains unclear [4]. We show that, although both species are strongly light averse, O. wendtii orients to stimuli necessitating spatial vision for detection, but O. pumila does not. However, O. wendtii's response disappears when chromatophores are contracted within the skeleton. Combining immunohistochemistry, histology, and synchrotron microtomography, we reconstructed models of photoreceptors in situ and extracted estimated angular apertures for O. wendtii and O. pumila. Angular sensitivity estimates, derived from these models, support the hypothesis that chromatophores constitute a screening mechanism in O. wendtii, providing sufficient resolving power to detect the stimuli. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified opsin candidates in both species, including multiple r-opsins and transduction pathway constituents, congruent with immunohistochemistry and studies of other echinoderms [10, 11]. Finally, we note that differing body postures between the two species during experiments may reflect aspect of signal integration. This represents one of the most detailed mechanisms for extraocular vision yet proposed and draws interesting parallels with the only other confirmed extraocular visual system, that of some sea urchins, which also possess chromatophores [1].
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Ren J, Niu M, Guo X, Liu Y, Yang X, Chen M, Hao X, Zhu Y, Chen H, Li H. Bulk-Heterojunction with Long-Range Ordering: C60 Single-Crystal with Incorporated Conjugated Polymer Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1630-1635. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mengsi Niu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Min Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Broad A, Ford IJ, Duffy DM, Darkins R. Magnesium-rich nanoprecipitates in calcite: atomistic mechanisms responsible for toughening in Ophiocoma wendtii. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10056-10062. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00887g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic simulations provide insight into an example of the superiority of biogenic crystals, where Mg-rich nanoprecipitates in calcite inhibit crack propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Broad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
| | - Ian J. Ford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
| | - Dorothy M. Duffy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
| | - Robert Darkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
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Connors M, Yang T, Hosny A, Deng Z, Yazdandoost F, Massaadi H, Eernisse D, Mirzaeifar R, Dean MN, Weaver JC, Ortiz C, Li L. Bioinspired design of flexible armor based on chiton scales. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5413. [PMID: 31822663 PMCID: PMC6904579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Man-made armors often rely on rigid structures for mechanical protection, which typically results in a trade-off with flexibility and maneuverability. Chitons, a group of marine mollusks, evolved scaled armors that address similar challenges. Many chiton species possess hundreds of small, mineralized scales arrayed on the soft girdle that surrounds their overlapping shell plates. Ensuring both flexibility for locomotion and protection of the underlying soft body, the scaled girdle is an excellent model for multifunctional armor design. Here we conduct a systematic study of the material composition, nanomechanical properties, three-dimensional geometry, and interspecific structural diversity of chiton girdle scales. Moreover, inspired by the tessellated organization of chiton scales, we fabricate a synthetic flexible scaled armor analogue using parametric computational modeling and multi-material 3D printing. This approach allows us to conduct a quantitative evaluation of our chiton-inspired armor to assess its orientation-dependent flexibility and protection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Connors
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Ahmed Hosny
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Fatemeh Yazdandoost
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Hajar Massaadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Douglas Eernisse
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
| | - Reza Mirzaeifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Mason N Dean
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14424, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Christine Ortiz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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55
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Ren J, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang Y, Fei X, Qi P, Lin S, Kaplan DL, Buehler MJ, Ling S. Biological Material Interfaces as Inspiration for Mechanical and Optical Material Designs. Chem Rev 2019; 119:12279-12336. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiang Fei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ping Qi
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shihui Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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Abstract
Despite emerging breakthroughs in the achievement of numerous elegant biomimetic structures that impart fascinating functionalities, bioinspired materials still suffer from poor structural durability, chemical reliability, flexibility, and optical transparency, as well as unaffordable cost and low throughput, thus preventing their broad real-life applications. In striking contrast to conventional wisdom, we demonstrate that the usually avoided and detrimental elastic crack phenomenon can be translated into powerful configurable-crack engineering to achieve structures and functions that are impossible to realize even using state-of-the-art techniques. Our approach dramatically enriches the freedom and flexibility in the design of materials to mimic various natural living organisms and paves the road for translating nature’s inspirations into real-world applications. Three-dimensional hierarchical morphologies widely exist in natural and biomimetic materials, which impart preferential functions including liquid and mass transport, energy conversion, and signal transmission for various applications. While notable progress has been made in the design and manufacturing of various hierarchical materials, the state-of-the-art approaches suffer from limited materials selection, high costs, as well as low processing throughput. Herein, by harnessing the configurable elastic crack engineering—controlled formation and configuration of cracks in elastic materials—an effect normally avoided in various industrial processes, we report the development of a facile and powerful technique that enables the faithful transfer of arbitrary hierarchical structures with broad material compatibility and structural and functional integrity. Our work paves the way for the cost-effective, large-scale production of a variety of flexible, inexpensive, and transparent 3D hierarchical and biomimetic materials.
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Barhom H, Machnev AA, Noskov RE, Goncharenko A, Gurvitz EA, Timin AS, Shkoldin VA, Koniakhin SV, Koval OY, Zyuzin MV, Shalin AS, Shishkin II, Ginzburg P. Biological Kerker Effect Boosts Light Collection Efficiency in Plants. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7062-7071. [PMID: 31496253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being the polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), vaterite and calcite have attracted a great deal of attention as promising biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, they are important biogenic minerals, enabling living organisms to reach specific functions. In nature, vaterite and calcite monocrystals typically form self-assembled polycrystal micro- and nanoparticles, also referred to as spherulites. Here, we demonstrate that alpine plants belonging to the Saxifraga genus can tailor light scattering channels and utilize multipole interference effect to improve light collection efficiency via producing CaCO3 polycrystal nanoparticles on the margins of their leaves. To provide a clear physical background behind this concept, we study optical properties of artificially synthesized vaterite nanospherulites and reveal the phenomenon of directional light scattering. Dark-field spectroscopy measurements are supported by a comprehensive numerical analysis, accounting for the complex microstructure of particles. We demonstrate the appearance of generalized Kerker condition, where several higher order multipoles interfere constructively in the forward direction, governing the interaction phenomenon. As a result, highly directive forward light scattering from vaterite nanospherulites is observed in the entire visible range. Furthermore, ex vivo studies of microstructure and optical properties of leaves for the alpine plants Saxifraga "Southside Seedling" and Saxifraga Paniculata Ria are performed and underline the importance of the Kerker effect for these living organisms. Our results pave the way for a bioinspired strategy of efficient light collection by self-assembled polycrystal CaCO3 nanoparticles via tailoring light propagation directly to the photosynthetic tissue with minimal losses to undesired scattering channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Goncharenko
- Research Institute of Influenza , Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation , Prof. Popova str. 15/17 , St. Petersburg 197376 , Russia
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University , Polytechnicheskaya str. 29 , St. Petersburg 195251 , Russia
| | - Egor A Gurvitz
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University , Polytechnicheskaya str. 29 , St. Petersburg 195251 , Russia
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University , Lenin Avenue 30 , 634050 Tomsk , Russia
| | - Vitaliy A Shkoldin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
- St. Petersburg Academic University , St. Petersburg 194021 , Russia
| | - Sergei V Koniakhin
- St. Petersburg Academic University , St. Petersburg 194021 , Russia
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2 , Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Olga Yu Koval
- St. Petersburg Academic University , St. Petersburg 194021 , Russia
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
| | - Alexander S Shalin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
| | | | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny , 141700 Russia
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Seknazi E, Kozachkevich S, Polishchuk I, Bianco Stein N, Villanova J, Suuronen JP, Dejoie C, Zaslansky P, Katsman A, Pokroy B. From spinodal decomposition to alternating layered structure within single crystals of biogenic magnesium calcite. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4559. [PMID: 31594921 PMCID: PMC6783414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As organisms can form crystals only under ambient conditions, they demonstrate fascinating strategies to overcome this limitation. Recently, we reported a previously unknown biostrategy for toughening brittle calcite crystals, using coherently incorporated Mg-rich nanoprecipitates arranged in a layered manner in the lenses of a brittle star, Ophiocoma wendtii. Here we propose the mechanisms of formation of this functional hierarchical structure under conditions of ambient temperature and limited solid diffusion. We propose that formation proceeds via a spinodal decomposition of a liquid or gel-like magnesium amorphous calcium carbonate (Mg-ACC) precursor into Mg-rich nanoparticles and a Mg-depleted amorphous matrix. In a second step, crystallization of the decomposed amorphous precursor leads to the formation of high-Mg particle-rich layers. The model is supported by our experimental results in synthetic systems. These insights have significant implications for fundamental understanding of the role of Mg-ACC material transformation during crystallization and its subsequent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Seknazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stas Kozachkevich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nuphar Bianco Stein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Julie Villanova
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jussi-Petteri Suuronen
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Dejoie
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Centrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex Katsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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59
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Böhm CF, Harris J, Schodder PI, Wolf SE. Bioinspired Materials: From Living Systems to New Concepts in Materials Chemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2117. [PMID: 31266158 PMCID: PMC6651889 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nature successfully employs inorganic solid-state materials (i.e., biominerals) and hierarchical composites as sensing elements, weapons, tools, and shelters. Optimized over hundreds of millions of years under evolutionary pressure, these materials are exceptionally well adapted to the specifications of the functions that they perform. As such, they serve today as an extensive library of engineering solutions. Key to their design is the interplay between components across length scales. This hierarchical design-a hallmark of biogenic materials-creates emergent functionality not present in the individual constituents and, moreover, confers a distinctly increased functional density, i.e., less material is needed to provide the same performance. The latter aspect is of special importance today, as climate change drives the need for the sustainable and energy-efficient production of materials. Made from mundane materials, these bioceramics act as blueprints for new concepts in the synthesis and morphosynthesis of multifunctional hierarchical materials under mild conditions. In this review, which also may serve as an introductory guide for those entering this field, we demonstrate how the pursuit of studying biomineralization transforms and enlarges our view on solid-state material design and synthesis, and how bioinspiration may allow us to overcome both conceptual and technical boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna F Böhm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joe Harris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp I Schodder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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60
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Magrini T, Bouville F, Lauria A, Le Ferrand H, Niebel TP, Studart AR. Transparent and tough bulk composites inspired by nacre. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2794. [PMID: 31243283 PMCID: PMC6594953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials combining optical transparency and mechanical strength are highly demanded for electronic displays, structural windows and in the arts, but the oxide-based glasses currently used in most of these applications suffer from brittle fracture and low crack tolerance. We report a simple approach to fabricate bulk transparent materials with a nacre-like architecture that can effectively arrest the propagation of cracks during fracture. Mechanical characterization shows that our glass-based composites exceed up to a factor of 3 the fracture toughness of common glasses, while keeping flexural strengths comparable to transparent polymers, silica- and soda-lime glasses. Due to the presence of stiff reinforcing platelets, the hardness of the obtained composites is an order of magnitude higher than that of transparent polymers. By implementing biological design principles into glass-based materials at the microscale, our approach opens a promising new avenue for the manufacturing of structural materials combining antagonistic functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Magrini
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Florian Bouville
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
- Imperial College London, Department of Materials, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Alessandro Lauria
- Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Hortense Le Ferrand
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Tobias P Niebel
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland.
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61
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Double-Sided Anti-Reflection Nanostructures on Optical Convex Lenses for Imaging Applications. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-reflection coatings (ARCs) from the cornea nipple array of the moth-eye remarkably suppress the Fresnel reflection at the interface in broadband wavelength ranges. ARCs on flat glass have been studied to enhance the optical transmittance. However, little research on the implementation of ARCs on curved optical lenses, which are the core element in imaging devices, has been reported. Here, we report double-sided, bio-inspired ARCs on bi-convex lenses with high uniformity. We theoretically optimize the nanostructure geometry, such as the height, period, and morphology, since an anti-reflection property results from the gradually changed effective refractive index by the geometry of nanostructures. In an experiment, the transmittance of an ARCs lens increases up to 10% for a broadband spectrum without distortion in spot size and focal length. Moreover, we demonstrate ~30% improved transmittance of an imaging system composed of three bi-convex lenses, in series with double-sided ARCs (DARCs).
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62
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Schmidt I, Zolotoyabko E, Lee K, Gjardy A, Berner A, Lakin E, Fratzl P, Wagermaier W. Effect of Strontium Ions on Crystallization of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Schmidt
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam 14424 Germany
| | - Emil Zolotoyabko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Kyubock Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology; Chungnam National University,; 34134 Daejeon Korea
| | - André Gjardy
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam 14424 Germany
| | - Alex Berner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Evgeny Lakin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam 14424 Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Potsdam 14424 Germany
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63
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Gong C, Sun S, Zhang Y, Sun L, Su Z, Wu A, Wei G. Hierarchical nanomaterials via biomolecular self-assembly and bioinspiration for energy and environmental applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4147-4182. [PMID: 30806426 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired synthesis offers potential green strategies to build highly complex nanomaterials by utilizing the unique nanostructures, functions, and properties of biomolecules, in which the biomolecular recognition and self-assembly processes play important roles in tailoring the structures and functions of bioinspired materials. Further understanding of biomolecular self-assembly for inspiring the formation and assembly of nanoparticles would promote the design and fabrication of functional nanomaterials for various applications. In this review, we focus on recent advances in bioinspired synthesis and applications of hierarchical nanomaterials based on biomolecular self-assembly. We first discuss biomolecular self-assembly towards biological nanomaterials, in which the mechanisms and ways of biomolecular self-assembly as well as various self-assembled biomolecular nanostructures are demonstrated. Secondly, the bioinspired synthesis strategies including molecule-molecule interaction, molecule-material recognition, molecule-mediated nucleation and growth, and molecule-mediated reduction/oxidation are introduced and discussed. Meanwhile, typical examples and discussions on how biomolecular self-assembly inspires the formation of hierarchical hybrid nanomaterials are presented. Finally, the applications of bioinspired nanomaterials in biofuel cells, light-harvesting systems, batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis, water/air purification, and environmental monitoring are presented and discussed. We believe that this review will be very helpful for readers to understand the self-assembly of biomolecules and the biomimetic/bioinspired strategies for synthesizing hierarchical nanomaterials on the one hand, and on the other hand to design novel materials for extended applications in nanotechnology, materials science, analytical science, and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coucong Gong
- Faculty of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable technology (UFT), University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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64
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Costa AC, Pimenta S, Ribeiro JF, Silva MF, Wolffenbuttel RF, Dong T, Yang Z, Correia JH. PDMS Microlenses for Focusing Light in Narrow Band Imaging Diagnostics. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19051057. [PMID: 30832271 PMCID: PMC6427716 DOI: 10.3390/s19051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Minimally invasive medical devices can greatly benefit from Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) diagnostic capabilities, as different wavelengths allow penetration of distinct layers of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa, improving diagnostic accuracy and targeting different pathologies. An important performance parameter is the light intensity at a given power consumption of the medical device. A method to increase the illumination intensity in the NBI diagnostic technique was developed and applied to minimally invasive medical devices (e.g., endoscopic capsules), without increasing the size and power consumption of such instruments. Endoscopic capsules are generally equipped with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the RGB (red, green, and blue) visible light spectrum. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) µ-lens was designed for a maximum light intensity at the target area of interest when placed on top of the LEDs. The PDMS µ-lens was fabricated using a low-cost hanging droplet method. Experiments reveal an increased illumination intensity by a factor of 1.21 for both the blue and green LEDs and 1.18 for the red LED. These promising results can increase the resolution of NBI in endoscopic capsules, which can contribute to early gastric lesions diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Costa
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Institute of Applied Micro-Nano Science and Technology-IAMNST, Control and Integrated System, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District,Chongqing 400067, China.
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
| | - Sara Pimenta
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
| | - João F Ribeiro
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
| | - Manuel F Silva
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
| | | | - Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Institute of Applied Micro-Nano Science and Technology-IAMNST, Control and Integrated System, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District,Chongqing 400067, China.
- Faculty of Technology, Institute for Microsystems-IMS, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Institute of Applied Micro-Nano Science and Technology-IAMNST, Control and Integrated System, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District,Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - José H Correia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Detection, Institute of Applied Micro-Nano Science and Technology-IAMNST, Control and Integrated System, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District,Chongqing 400067, China.
- CMEMS-UMinho, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal.
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65
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Zhang L, Wang W, Wang C, Li M, Wang Z, Su Z, Fu B. Interaction of ACP and MDP and its effect on dentin bonding performance. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 91:301-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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66
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Wang Y, Li W, Li M, Zhao S, De Ferrari F, Liscidini M, Omenetto FG. Biomaterial-Based "Structured Opals" with Programmable Combination of Diffractive Optical Elements and Photonic Bandgap Effects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805312. [PMID: 30520166 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring iridescent systems produce brilliant color displays through multiscale, hierarchical assembly of structures that combine reflective, diffractive, diffusive, or absorbing domains. The fabrication of biopolymer-based, hierarchical 3D photonic crystals through the use of a topographical templating strategy that allows combined optical effects derived from the interplay of predesigned 2D and 3D geometries is reported here. This biomaterials-based approach generates 2D diffractive optics composed of 3D nanophotonic lattices that allow simultaneous control over the reflection (through the 3D photonic bandgap) and the transmission (through 2D diffractive structuring) of light with the additional utility of being constituted by a biocompatible, implantable, edible commodity textile material. The use of biopolymers allows additional degrees of freedom in photonic bandgap design through directed protein conformation modulation. Demonstrator structures are presented to illustrate the lattice multifunctionality, including tunable diffractive properties, increased angle of view of photonic crystals, color-mixing, and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fabio De Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Marco Liscidini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Silklab, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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67
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Birk MH, Blicher ME, Garm A. Deep-sea starfish from the Arctic have well-developed eyes in the dark. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2743. [PMID: 29436504 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asteroids, starfish, are important members of the macro-benthos in almost all marine environments including the deep sea. Starfish are in general assumed to be largely olfactory guided, but recent studies have shown that two tropical shallow water species rely on vision alone to find their habitat at short distances. Their compound eyes are found at the tip of each arm and they vary little between examined species. Still, nothing is known about vision in the species found in the aphotic zone of the deep sea or whether they even have eyes. Here, 13 species of starfish from Greenland waters, covering a depth range from shallow waters to the deep sea below 1000 m, were examined for the presence of eyes and optical and morphological examinations were used to estimate the quality of vision. Further, species found in the aphotic zone below 320 m were checked for bioluminescence. All species, except the infaunal Ctenodiscus crispatus, had eyes, and two were found to be bioluminescent. Interestingly, one of the species found in the aphotic zone, Novodinia americana, had close to the highest spatial resolution known for starfish eyes along with being bioluminescent. Accordingly, we hypothesize that this species communicates visually using bioluminescent flashes putatively for reproductive purposes. Other species have greatly enhanced sensitivity with few large ommatidia but at the sacrifice of spatial resolution. The discovery of eyes in deep-sea starfish with a huge variation in optical quality and sensitivity indicates that their visual ecology also differs greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Helene Birk
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Martin E Blicher
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Anders Garm
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Abstract
One of the most common crystal habits of the thermodynamically stable polymorph of calcium carbonate, calcite, is the rhombohedral one, which exposes {10.4} faces. When calcite is precipitated in the presence of Li+ ions, dominantly {00.1} faces appear together with the {10.4}, thus generating truncated rhombohedrons. This well-known phenomenon is explored in this work, with the aim of obtaining calcite crystals with smooth {00.1} faces. In order to achieve this objective, the formation of calcite was examined in precipitation systems with different c(Ca2+)/c(Li+) ratios and by performing an initial high-power sonication. At the optimal conditions, a precipitate consisting of thin, tabular {001} calcite crystals and very low content of incorporated Li+ has been obtained. The adsorption properties of the tabular crystals, in which the energetically unstable {00.1} faces represent almost all of the exposed surface, were tested with model dye molecules, calcein and crystal violet, and compared to predominantly rhombohedral crystals. It was found that the {00.1} crystals showed a lower adsorption capability when compared to the {10.4} crystals for calcein, while the adsorption of crystal violet was similar for both crystal morphologies. The obtained results open new routes for the usage of calcite as adsorbing substrates and are relevant for the understanding of biomineralization processes in which the {00.1} faces often interact with organic macromolecules.
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69
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Eder M, Amini S, Fratzl P. Biological composites-complex structures for functional diversity. Science 2018; 362:543-547. [PMID: 30385570 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The bulk of Earth's biological materials consist of few base substances-essentially proteins, polysaccharides, and minerals-that assemble into large varieties of structures. Multifunctionality arises naturally from this structural complexity: An example is the combination of rigidity and flexibility in protein-based teeth of the squid sucker ring. Other examples are time-delayed actuation in plant seed pods triggered by environmental signals, such as fire and water, and surface nanostructures that combine light manipulation with mechanical protection or water repellency. Bioinspired engineering transfers some of these structural principles into technically more relevant base materials to obtain new, often unexpected combinations of material properties. Less appreciated is the huge potential of using bioinspired structural complexity to avoid unnecessary chemical diversity, enabling easier recycling and, thus, a more sustainable materials economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Eder
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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70
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Noskov RE, Shishkin II, Barhom H, Ginzburg P. Non-Mie optical resonances in anisotropic biomineral nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21031-21040. [PMID: 30427038 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of nanoparticles have attracted continuous attention owing to their high fundamental and applied importance across many disciplines. A recently emerged field of all-dielectric nanophotonics employs optically induced electric and magnetic Mie resonances in dielectric nanoparticles with a high refractive index. This property allows obtaining additional valuable degrees of freedom to control the optical responses of nanophotonic structures. Here we propose a conceptually distinct approach towards reaching optical resonances in dielectric nanoparticles. We show that, lacking conventional Mie resonances, low-index nanoparticles can exhibit a novel anisotropy-induced family of non-Mie eigenmodes. Specifically, we investigate light interactions with calcite and vaterite nanospheres and compare them with the Mie scattering by a fused silica sphere. Having close permittivities and the same dimensions, these particles exhibit significantly different scattering behavior owing to their internal structure. While a fused silica sphere does not demonstrate any spectral features, the uniaxial structure of the permittivity tensor for calcite and the non-diagonal permittivity tensor for vaterite result in a set of distinguishable peaks in scattering spectra. Multipole decomposition and eigenmode analysis reveal that these peaks are associated with a new family of electric and magnetic resonances. We identify magnetic dipole modes of ordinary, extraordinary and hybrid polarization as well as complex electric dipole resonances, featuring a significant toroidal electric dipole moment. As both vaterite and calcite are biominerals, naturally synthesized and exploited by a variety of living organisms, our results provide an indispensable toolbox for understanding and elucidating the mechanisms behind the optical functionalities of true biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E Noskov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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71
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Lowe EK, Garm AL, Ullrich-Lüter E, Cuomo C, Arnone MI. The crowns have eyes: multiple opsins found in the eyes of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:168. [PMID: 30419810 PMCID: PMC6233551 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Opsins are G protein-coupled receptors used for both visual and non-visual photoreception, and these proteins evolutionarily date back to the base of the bilaterians. In the current sequencing age, phylogenomic analysis has proven to be a powerful tool, facilitating the increase in knowledge about diversity within the opsin subclasses and, so far, at least nine types of opsins have been identified. Within echinoderms, opsins have been studied in Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea, which do not possess proper image forming eyes, but rather widely dispersed dermal photoreceptors. However, most species of Asteroidea, the starfish, possess true eyes and studying them will shed light on the diversity of opsin usage within echinoderms and help resolve the evolutionary history of opsins. Results Using high-throughput RNA sequencing, we have sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes of different Acanthaster planci tissue samples: eyes, radial nerve, tube feet and a mixture of tissues from other organs. At least ten opsins were identified, and eight of them were found significantly differentially expressed in both eyes and radial nerve, with R-opsin being the most highly expressed in the eye. Conclusion This study provides new important insight into the involvement of opsins in visual and nonvisual photoreception. Of relevance, we found the first indication of an r-opsin photopigment expressed in a well-developed visual eye in a deuterostome animal. Additionally, we provided tissue specific A. planci transcriptomes that will aid in future Evo Devo studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1276-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah K Lowe
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa comunale, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Anders L Garm
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claudia Cuomo
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa comunale, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria I Arnone
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa comunale, 80122, Naples, Italy.
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72
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Liu Y, He K, Yuan W, Jin X, Liang T, Wang Y, Xin HL, Chen H, Gao C, Li H. Visualizing the toughening origins of gel-grown calcite single-crystal composites. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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73
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Kuo D, Nishimura T, Kajiyama S, Kato T. Bioinspired Environmentally Friendly Amorphous CaCO 3-Based Transparent Composites Comprising Cellulose Nanofibers. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12722-12729. [PMID: 31457998 PMCID: PMC6645217 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) stabilized by acidic macromolecules is a useful material for the development of environmentally friendly composites. In this study, we synthesized transparent and mechanically tough ACC-based composite materials by the incorporation of water-dispersible cellulose derivatives, namely, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and surface-modified crystalline cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). A solution mixing method used in the present work proved to be a powerful and efficient method for the production of mechanically tough and environmentally friendly materials. Molecular-scale interactions between carboxyl groups and Ca2+ ions induce homogeneous dispersion of CNFs in the composites, and this gives composite films with high transparency and high mechanical properties. The composite films of CMC, CNFs, and ACC at the mixture ratios of 40, 40, and 20 wt %, showed high mechanical properties of 15.8 ± 0.93 GPa for the Young's modulus and 268 ± 20 MPa for the tensile strength. These designed materials that are based on ACC may open up new opportunities in many fields in applications that require the use of environmentally friendly, biodegradable, mechanically tough, and transparent composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
School of Engineering, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
School of Engineering, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
School of Engineering, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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74
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Kang M, Swisher AM, Pogrebnyakov AV, Liu L, Kirk A, Aiken S, Sisken L, Lonergan C, Cook J, Malendevych T, Kompan F, Divliansky I, Glebov LB, Richardson MC, Rivero-Baleine C, Pantano CG, Mayer TS, Richardson K. Ultralow Dispersion Multicomponent Thin-Film Chalcogenide Glass for Broadband Gradient-Index Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1803628. [PMID: 30101495 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel photothermal process to spatially modulate the concentration of sub-wavelength, high-index nanocrystals in a multicomponent Ge-As-Pb-Se chalcogenide glass thin film resulting in an optically functional infrared grating is demonstrated. The process results in the formation of an optical nanocomposite possessing ultralow dispersion over unprecedented bandwidth. The spatially tailored index and dispersion modification enables creation of arbitrary refractive index gradients. Sub-bandgap laser exposure generates a Pb-rich amorphous phase transforming on heat treatment to high-index crystal phases. Spatially varying nanocrystal density is controlled by laser dose and is correlated to index change, yielding local index modification to ≈+0.1 in the mid-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungkoo Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew M Swisher
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alexej V Pogrebnyakov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew Kirk
- Missiles and Fire Control, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Orlando, FL, 32819, USA
| | - Stephen Aiken
- Missiles and Fire Control, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Orlando, FL, 32819, USA
| | - Laura Sisken
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Charmayne Lonergan
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Justin Cook
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Teodor Malendevych
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Fedor Kompan
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Ivan Divliansky
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Leonid B Glebov
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Martin C Richardson
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | | | - Carlo G Pantano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Theresa S Mayer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kathleen Richardson
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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Assessing the synergy effect of additive and matrix on single-crystal growth: Morphological revolution resulted from gel-mediated enhancement on CIT-calcite interaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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76
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Yang Y, Song X, Li X, Chen Z, Zhou C, Zhou Q, Chen Y. Recent Progress in Biomimetic Additive Manufacturing Technology: From Materials to Functional Structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706539. [PMID: 29920790 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nature has developed high-performance materials and structures over millions of years of evolution and provides valuable sources of inspiration for the design of next-generation structural materials, given the variety of excellent mechanical, hydrodynamic, optical, and electrical properties. Biomimicry, by learning from nature's concepts and design principles, is driving a paradigm shift in modern materials science and technology. However, the complicated structural architectures in nature far exceed the capability of traditional design and fabrication technologies, which hinders the progress of biomimetic study and its usage in engineering systems. Additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) has created new opportunities for manipulating and mimicking the intrinsically multiscale, multimaterial, and multifunctional structures in nature. Here, an overview of recent developments in 3D printing of biomimetic reinforced mechanics, shape changing, and hydrodynamic structures, as well as optical and electrical devices is provided. The inspirations are from various creatures such as nacre, lobster claw, pine cone, flowers, octopus, butterfly wing, fly eye, etc., and various 3D-printing technologies are discussed. Future opportunities for the development of biomimetic 3D-printing technology to fabricate next-generation functional materials and structures in mechanical, electrical, optical, and biomedical engineering are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0192, USA
| | - Xuan Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Center for Computer-Aided Design, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Xiangjia Li
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0192, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0192, USA
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Alakpa EV, Saeed A, Chung P, Riehle MO, Gadegaard N, Dalby MJ, Cusack M. The Prismatic Topography of Pinctada maxima
Shell Retains Stem Cell Multipotency and Plasticity In Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enateri V. Alakpa
- Institution for Integrative Medical Biology; Umeå University; SE901 87 Umeå Sweden
| | - Anwer Saeed
- Division of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8LT Scotland UK
| | - Peter Chung
- School of Geographical & Earth Sciences; College of Science & Engineering; Gregory Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Mathis O. Riehle
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Institute of Molecular Cell & Systems Biology; College of Medical; Veterinary & Life Sciences; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8LT Scotland UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering; Institute of Molecular Cell & Systems Biology; College of Medical; Veterinary & Life Sciences; Joseph Black Building; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Maggie Cusack
- Division of Biological & Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Cottrell Building; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
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78
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Polishchuk I, Bracha AA, Bloch L, Levy D, Kozachkevich S, Etinger-Geller Y, Kauffmann Y, Burghammer M, Giacobbe C, Villanova J, Hendler G, Sun CY, Giuffre AJ, Marcus MA, Kundanati L, Zaslansky P, Pugno NM, Gilbert PUPA, Katsman A, Pokroy B. Coherently aligned nanoparticles within a biogenic single crystal: A biological prestressing strategy. Science 2018; 358:1294-1298. [PMID: 29217569 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaj2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to synthetic materials, materials produced by organisms are formed in ambient conditions and with a limited selection of elements. Nevertheless, living organisms reveal elegant strategies for achieving specific functions, ranging from skeletal support to mastication, from sensors and defensive tools to optical function. Using state-of-the-art characterization techniques, we present a biostrategy for strengthening and toughening the otherwise brittle calcite optical lenses found in the brittlestar Ophiocoma wendtii This intriguing process uses coherent nanoprecipitates to induce compressive stresses on the host matrix, functionally resembling the Guinier-Preston zones known in classical metallurgy. We believe that these calcitic nanoparticles, being rich in magnesium, segregate during or just after transformation from amorphous to crystalline phase, similarly to segregation behavior from a supersaturated quenched alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Avigail Aronhime Bracha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Leonid Bloch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Davide Levy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Stas Kozachkevich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Etinger-Geller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Kauffmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Julie Villanova
- The European Synchrotron, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Gordon Hendler
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anthony J Giuffre
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lakshminath Kundanati
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Centrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired and Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.,Ket-Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alex Katsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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79
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Wu ZG, Wang J, Guo Y, Jia YR. Exploring the Influence of Reaction Parameters on the Preparation of Calcium Carbonate by Spontaneous Precipitation. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 Shanxi Province P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 Shanxi Province P.R. China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 Shanxi Province P.R. China
| | - Yan Rong Jia
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; North University of China; Taiyuan 030051 Shanxi Province P.R. China
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80
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Samanta D, Galaktionova D, Gemen J, Shimon LJW, Diskin-Posner Y, Avram L, Král P, Klajn R. Reversible chromism of spiropyran in the cavity of a flexible coordination cage. Nat Commun 2018; 9:641. [PMID: 29440687 PMCID: PMC5811438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Confining molecules to volumes only slightly larger than the molecules themselves can profoundly alter their properties. Molecular switches-entities that can be toggled between two or more forms upon exposure to an external stimulus-often require conformational freedom to isomerize. Therefore, placing these switches in confined spaces can render them non-operational. To preserve the switchability of these species under confinement, we work with a water-soluble coordination cage that is flexible enough to adapt its shape to the conformation of the encapsulated guest. We show that owing to its flexibility, the cage is not only capable of accommodating-and solubilizing in water-several light-responsive spiropyran-based molecular switches, but, more importantly, it also provides an environment suitable for the efficient, reversible photoisomerization of the bound guests. Our findings pave the way towards studying various molecular switching processes in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Samanta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daria Galaktionova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Julius Gemen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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81
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Sumner-Rooney L, Rahman IA, Sigwart JD, Ullrich-Lüter E. Whole-body photoreceptor networks are independent of 'lenses' in brittle stars. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2017.2590. [PMID: 29367398 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreception and vision are fundamental aspects of animal sensory biology and ecology, but important gaps remain in our understanding of these processes in many species. The colour-changing brittle star Ophiocoma wendtii is iconic in vision research, speculatively possessing a unique whole-body visual system that incorporates information from nerve bundles underlying thousands of crystalline 'microlenses'. The hypothesis that these might form a sophisticated compound eye-like system regulated by chromatophores has been extensively reiterated, with investigations into biomimetic optics and similar supposedly 'visual' structures in living and fossil taxa. However, no photoreceptors or visual behaviours have ever been identified. We present the first evidence of photoreceptor networks in three Ophiocoma species, both with and without microlenses and colour-changing behaviour. High-resolution microscopy, immunohistochemistry and synchrotron tomography demonstrate that putative photoreceptors cover the animals' oral, lateral and aboral surfaces, but are absent at the hypothesized focal points of the microlenses. The structural optics of these crystal 'lenses' are an exaptation and do not fulfil any apparent visual role. This contradicts previous studies, yet the photoreceptor network in Ophiocoma appears even more widespread than previously anticipated, both taxonomically and anatomically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sumner-Rooney
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, UK .,Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Julia D Sigwart
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, Portaferry, Northern Ireland.,Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Esther Ullrich-Lüter
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
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82
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Guglielmi G. How brittlestars ‘see’ without eyes. Nature 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018-01065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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83
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Mayorova TD, Smith CL, Hammar K, Winters CA, Pivovarova NB, Aronova MA, Leapman RD, Reese TS. Cells containing aragonite crystals mediate responses to gravity in Trichoplax adhaerens (Placozoa), an animal lacking neurons and synapses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190905. [PMID: 29342202 PMCID: PMC5771587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoplax adhaerens has only six cell types. The function as well as the structure of crystal cells, the least numerous cell type, presented an enigma. Crystal cells are arrayed around the perimeter of the animal and each contains a birefringent crystal. Crystal cells resemble lithocytes in other animals so we looked for evidence they are gravity sensors. Confocal microscopy showed that their cup-shaped nuclei are oriented toward the edge of the animal, and that the crystal shifts downward under the influence of gravity. Some animals spontaneously lack crystal cells and these animals behaved differently upon being tilted vertically than animals with a typical number of crystal cells. EM revealed crystal cell contacts with fiber cells and epithelial cells but these contacts lacked features of synapses. EM spectroscopic analyses showed that crystals consist of the aragonite form of calcium carbonate. We thus provide behavioral evidence that Trichoplax are able to sense gravity, and that crystal cells are likely to be their gravity receptors. Moreover, because placozoans are thought to have evolved during Ediacaran or Cryogenian eras associated with aragonite seas, and their crystals are made of aragonite, they may have acquired gravity sensors during this early era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D. Mayorova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carolyn L. Smith
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine Hammar
- Central Microscopy Facility, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, United States of America
| | - Christine A. Winters
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Natalia B. Pivovarova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Aronova
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. Reese
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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84
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Nagai Y, Oaki Y, Imai H. Artificial mineral films similar to biogenic calcareous shells: oriented calcite nanorods on a self-standing polymer sheet. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micrometre-thick calcareous shells consisting of c-axis-oriented calcite nanorods are produced on an organic sheet as mimetics of foraminiferal tests and isopod cornea cuticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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85
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Structural Coloration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71676-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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86
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Kolle M, Lee S. Progress and Opportunities in Soft Photonics and Biologically Inspired Optics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1702669. [PMID: 29057519 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Optical components made fully or partially from reconfigurable, stimuli-responsive, soft solids or fluids-collectively referred to as soft photonics-are poised to form the platform for tunable optical devices with unprecedented functionality and performance characteristics. Currently, however, soft solid and fluid material systems still represent an underutilized class of materials in the optical engineers' toolbox. This is in part due to challenges in fabrication, integration, and structural control on the nano- and microscale associated with the application of soft components in optics. These challenges might be addressed with the help of a resourceful ally: nature. Organisms from many different phyla have evolved an impressive arsenal of light manipulation strategies that rely on the ability to generate and dynamically reconfigure hierarchically structured, complex optical material designs, often involving soft or fluid components. A comprehensive understanding of design concepts, structure formation principles, material integration, and control mechanisms employed in biological photonic systems will allow this study to challenge current paradigms in optical technology. This review provides an overview of recent developments in the fields of soft photonics and biologically inspired optics, emphasizes the ties between the two fields, and outlines future opportunities that result from advancements in soft and bioinspired photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kolle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Seungwoo Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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87
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Tovar JD. Photon management in supramolecular peptide nanomaterials. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2017; 13:015004. [PMID: 29076807 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aa9685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptides with covalent pi-electron functionality offer new ways to create delocalized conduits within protein-based nanomaterials. My group's recent research is summarized in this regard, detailing foundational self-assembly and photophysical characterizations that validate the electronic couplings existing within the resulting peptidic nanomaterials. Using these initial studies as a benchmark, ongoing studies to create even more complex photonic energy delocalization schemes are presented, spanning excitonic and Förster energy transfer to low-bandgap dopant sites (whereby 46% of the observed photoluminescence could be quenched by the addition of 1 mol% of an energy acceptor), the creation of charge separated states following photoinduced electron transfer that persisted for over a nanosecond, and use of kinetic control to dictate self-sorting (at long time scales, ca. several hours) or intimate coassembly (at short time scales, ca. several seconds) of multiple peptide components. Peptide coassemblies are described that exhibit both directed exciton migration to low-energy sites and follow-up charge separation events, very much in mimicry with relevant photosynthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Tovar
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street (NCB 316), Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
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88
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89
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Matsumoto R, Nakagawa Y, Kato K, Oaki Y, Imai H. Spatial Control of Crystallographic Direction in 2D Microarrays of Anisotropic Nanoblocks on Trenched Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13805-13810. [PMID: 29155592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Elaborate two-dimensional (2D) microarrays of tetragonal Mn3O4 nanocuboids 10-20 nm in size were constructed with parallel trenches 500 nm wide and 500 nm deep on a silicon substrate. By adjusting the conditions, including the dispersion medium, particle concentration, and evaporation rate, the a-face and c-face 2D arrays were selectively deposited on the upper and lower stages of the trenches, respectively. The crystallographic direction of the tetragonal crystal was alternately switched in the 2D microarrays under these specific conditions at the optimal particle concentration and evaporation rate. Spatial switching of their crystallographic direction was achieved via interaction of the anisotropic nanoblocks and the specifically shaped surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Central 1, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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90
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Biomimetic synthesis of calcium carbonate with different morphologies and polymorphs in the presence of bovine serum albumin and soluble starch. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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91
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Tadepalli S, Slocik JM, Gupta MK, Naik RR, Singamaneni S. Bio-Optics and Bio-Inspired Optical Materials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12705-12763. [PMID: 28937748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Through the use of the limited materials palette, optimally designed micro- and nanostructures, and tightly regulated processes, nature demonstrates exquisite control of light-matter interactions at various length scales. In fact, control of light-matter interactions is an important element in the evolutionary arms race and has led to highly engineered optical materials and systems. In this review, we present a detailed summary of various optical effects found in nature with a particular emphasis on the materials and optical design aspects responsible for their optical functionality. Using several representative examples, we discuss various optical phenomena, including absorption and transparency, diffraction, interference, reflection and antireflection, scattering, light harvesting, wave guiding and lensing, camouflage, and bioluminescence, that are responsible for the unique optical properties of materials and structures found in nature and biology. Great strides in understanding the design principles adapted by nature have led to a tremendous progress in realizing biomimetic and bioinspired optical materials and photonic devices. We discuss the various micro- and nanofabrication techniques that have been employed for realizing advanced biomimetic optical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | | | | | | | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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92
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Yi J, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Jung IW, Liu W, De Andrade V, Xu R, Parameswaran R, Peters IR, Divan R, Xiao X, Sun T, Lee Y, Park WI, Tian B. 3D calcite heterostructures for dynamic and deformable mineralized matrices. Nat Commun 2017; 8:509. [PMID: 28894143 PMCID: PMC5593869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scales are rooted in soft tissues, and are regenerated by specialized cells. The realization of dynamic synthetic analogues with inorganic materials has been a significant challenge, because the abiological regeneration sites that could yield deterministic growth behavior are hard to form. Here we overcome this fundamental hurdle by constructing a mutable and deformable array of three-dimensional calcite heterostructures that are partially locked in silicone. Individual calcite crystals exhibit asymmetrical dumbbell shapes and are prepared by a parallel tectonic approach under ambient conditions. The silicone matrix immobilizes the epitaxial nucleation sites through self-templated cavities, which enables symmetry breaking in reaction dynamics and scalable manipulation of the mineral ensembles. With this platform, we devise several mineral-enabled dynamic surfaces and interfaces. For example, we show that the induced growth of minerals yields localized inorganic adhesion for biological tissue and reversible focal encapsulation for sensitive components in flexible electronics. Minerals are rarely explored as building blocks for dynamic inorganic materials. Here, the authors derive inspiration from fish scales to create mutable surfaces based on arrays of calcite crystals, in which one end of each crystal is immobilized in and regenerated from silicone, and the other functional end is left exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Yi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yucai Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, The University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Il Woong Jung
- The Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Wenjun Liu
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Vincent De Andrade
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ruqing Xu
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | | | - Ivo R Peters
- The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Engineering and The Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ralu Divan
- The Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Youjin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Won Il Park
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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93
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Blowes LM, Egertová M, Liu Y, Davis GR, Terrill NJ, Gupta HS, Elphick MR. Body wall structure in the starfish Asterias rubens. J Anat 2017; 231:325-341. [PMID: 28714118 PMCID: PMC5554833 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The body wall of starfish is composed of magnesium calcite ossicles connected by collagenous tissue and muscles and it exhibits remarkable variability in stiffness, which is attributed to the mechanical mutability of the collagenous component. Using the common European starfish Asterias rubens as an experimental animal, here we have employed a variety of techniques to gain new insights into the structure of the starfish body wall. The structure and organisation of muscular and collagenous components of the body wall were analysed using trichrome staining. The muscle system comprises interossicular muscles as well as muscle strands that connect ossicles with the circular muscle layer of the coelomic lining. The collagenous tissue surrounding the ossicle network contains collagen fibres that form loop-shaped straps that wrap around calcite struts near to the surface of ossicles. The 3D architecture of the calcareous endoskeleton was visualised for the first time using X-ray microtomography, revealing the shapes and interactions of different ossicle types. Furthermore, analysis of the anatomical organisation of the ossicles indicates how changes in body shape may be achieved by local contraction/relaxation of interossicular muscles. Scanning synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) scans of the starfish aboral body wall and ambulacrum were used to study the collagenous tissue component at the fibrillar level. Collagen fibrils in aboral body wall were found to exhibit variable degrees of alignment, with high levels of alignment probably corresponding to regions where collagenous tissue is under tension. Collagen fibrils in the ambulacrum had a uniformly low degree of orientation, attributed to macrocrimp of the fibrils and the presence of slanted as well as horizontal fibrils connecting antimeric ambulacral ossicles. Body wall collagen fibril D-period lengths were similar to previously reported mammalian D-periods, but were significantly different between the aboral and ambulacral samples. The overlap/D-period length ratio within fibrils was higher than reported for mammalian tissues. Collectively, the data reported here provide new insights into the anatomy of the body wall in A. rubens and a foundation for further studies investigating the structural basis of the mechanical properties of echinoderm body wall tissue composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Blowes
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michaela Egertová
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yankai Liu
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham R Davis
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Himadri S Gupta
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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94
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de Carvalho RT, Salgado LT, Amado Filho GM, Leal RN, Werckmann J, Rossi AL, Campos APC, Karez CS, Farina M. Biomineralization of calcium carbonate in the cell wall of Lithothamnion crispatum (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta): correlation between the organic matrix and the mineral phase. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:642-651. [PMID: 28258584 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of coralline algae mineralization. However, the relationship between the mineral phase and the organic matrix in coralline algae has not yet been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study was to describe the cell wall ultrastructure of Lithothamnion crispatum, a cosmopolitan rhodolith-forming coralline algal species collected near Salvador (Brazil), and examine the relationship between the organic matrix and the nucleation and growth/shape modulation of calcium carbonate crystals. A nanostructured pattern was observed in L. crispatum along the cell walls. At the nanoscale, the crystals from L. crispatum consisted of several single crystallites assembled and associated with organic material. The crystallites in the bulk of the cell wall had a high level of spatial organization. However, the crystals displayed cleavages in the (104) faces after ultrathin sectioning with a microtome. This organism is an important model for biomineralization studies as the crystallographic data do not fit in any of the general biomineralization processes described for other organisms. Biomineralization in L. crispatum is dependent on both the soluble and the insoluble organic matrix, which are involved in the control of mineral formation and organizational patterns through an organic matrix-mediated process. This knowledge concerning the mineral composition and organizational patterns of crystals within the cell walls should be taken into account in future studies of changing ocean conditions as they represent important factors influencing the physico-chemical interactions between rhodoliths and the environment in coralline reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Tavares Salgado
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel Nunes Leal
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jacques Werckmann
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Porto Carreiro Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia, Diretoria de Metrologia Científica e Industrial, CEP, 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Santiago Karez
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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95
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Ye T, Jin XY, Chen L, Hu C, Ren J, Liu YJ, Wu G, Chen LJ, Chen HZ, Li HY. Shape change of calcite single crystals to accommodate interfacial curvature: Crystallization in presence of Mg 2+ ions and agarose gel-networks. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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96
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Duan P, Huang T, Xiong W, Shu L, Yang Y, Shao C, Xu X, Ma W, Tang R. Protection of Photosynthetic Algae against Ultraviolet Radiation by One-Step CeO 2 Shellization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2454-2459. [PMID: 28198628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae play an important role in solar-to-chemical energy conversion on Earth, but the increasing solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation seriously reduces the biological photosynthesis. Here, we developed a one-step approach to construct cell-in-shell hybrid structure by using direct adsorption of CeO2 nanoparticles onto cells. The engineered CeO2 nanoshell can efficiently protect the enclosed Chlorella cell due to its excellent UV filter property, which can also eliminate UV-induced oxidative stress. The experiments demonstrate that the resulted algae-CeO2 composites can guarantee their biological photosynthetic process and efficiency even under UV. This study follows a feasible strategy to protect living organisms by using functional nanomaterials to improve their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingting Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | | | - Yuling Yang
- Electric Power Science and Research Institute, Yunnan Power Grid , Kunming, Yunnan 650217, China
| | | | | | - Weimin Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Shanghai Normal University , Shanghai 200234, China
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97
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Hou H, Gan Y, Yin J, Jiang X. Polymerization-Induced Growth of Microprotuberance on the Photocuring Coating. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2027-2032. [PMID: 28186778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface pattern on the nano- and microscale is of great interest due to its special optical effect, which might find potential application in optical devices such as LCD display, packaging of LED chip, and thin-film solar cell. We here developed a facile bottom-up approach to fabricate microprotuberance (MP) on surface by using curable resin via sequential photocuring at room temperature and thermal polymerization at high temperature. The curable resin is composed of random fluorinated polystyrene (PSF) as blinder and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTA) as cross-linker. The polymerization of TMPTA during the annealing process at high temperature induces phase separation between the PSF and TMPTA cross-linked network, resulting in the extrusion of PSF and the formation of protuberance on the surface. The formation mechanism of MP was studied in detail by investigating the effect of annealing time, temperature, thickness of film, and PSF on the size and morphology. MPs with size from one to tens of micrometers were fabricated through this one-pot strategy. Moreover, encapsulation of integrated GaN/InGaN-based LED chip by the cross-linked coating with MP can enhance the light extraction efficiency and light diffusion obviously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchang Gan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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98
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Ma RH, Luo XB, Wang XF, Qiao T, Huang HY, Zhong HQ. A comparative study of mud-like and coralliform calcium carbonate gallbladder stones. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:722-730. [PMID: 28245082 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight to underlying mechanism of the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) gallbladder stones, we did comparative study of stones with mud appearance and those with coralliform appearance. A total of 93 gallbladder stones with mud appearance and 50 stones with coralliform appearance were analyzed. The appearance, color, texture, and the detection of Clonorchis sinensis eggs by microscopic examination were compared between the two groups. Then, the material compositions of stones were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and the spectrogram characteristics were compared. Moreover, microstructure characteristics of the two kinds of stones were observed and compared with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mud-like gallbladder stones were mainly earthy yellow or brown with brittle or soft texture, while coralliform stones were mainly black with extremely hard texture, the differences between the two groups was significant (p < .05). The analytic results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that 95.7% (89/93) of the mud-like gallbladder stones were CaCO3 stones, and mainly aragonite; while all of the coralliform stones were CaCO3 stones, and mainly calcite (p < .05). Meanwhile, microscopic examination indicated that the detection rate of Clonorchis sinensis eggs in mud-like CaCO3 stones was lower than that in coralliform CaCO3 stones (p < .05), and that in aragonite CaCO3 stones was lower than that in calcite CaCO3 stones(p < .05). Mud-like CaCO3 stones mainly happened to patients with cystic duct obstruction. Clonorchis sinensis infection was mainly associated with coralliform (calcite) CaCO3 stones. Cystic duct obstruction was mainly associated with mud-like (aragonite) CaCO3 stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hong Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nansha, Guangzhou, 511470, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nansha, Guangzhou, 511470, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nansha, Guangzhou, 511470, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Qiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nansha, Guangzhou, 511470, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yi Huang
- Department of Ultrasonics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nansha, Guangzhou, 511470, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Qiang Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nansha, Guangzhou, 511470, People's Republic of China
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99
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Gorzelak P, Rahman IA, Zamora S, Gąsiński A, Trzciński J, Brachaniec T, Salamon MA. Towards a Better Understanding of the Origins of Microlens Arrays in Mesozoic Ophiuroids and Asteroids. Evol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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100
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Wang L, Chen D, Jiang K, Shen G. New insights and perspectives into biological materials for flexible electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6764-6815. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Materials based on biological materials are becoming increasingly competitive and are likely to be critical components in flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Institute & Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA
- Chinese PLA Medical School
- Chinese PLA General Hospital
- Beijing 100853
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures
- Institute of Semiconductors
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
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