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Bergqvist F, Carr AJ, Wheway K, Watkins B, Oppermann U, Jakobsson PJ, Dakin SG. Divergent roles of prostacyclin and PGE 2 in human tendinopathy. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:74. [PMID: 30867043 PMCID: PMC6416900 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon disease is a significant global healthcare burden whereby patients experience pain and disability; however, the mechanisms that underlie inflammation and pain are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the role of prostaglandins as important mediators of inflammation and pain in tissues and cells derived from patients with tendinopathy. METHODS We studied supraspinatus and Achilles tendon biopsies from symptomatic patients with tendinopathy or rupture. Tendon-derived stromal cells (CD45negCD34neg) isolated from tendons were cultured and treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to investigate prostaglandin production. RESULTS Diseased tendon tissues showed increased expression of prostacyclin receptor (IP) and enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, including cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). PGIS co-localized with cells expressing Podoplanin, a marker of stromal fibroblast activation, and the nociceptive neuromodulator NMDAR-1. Treatment with IL-1β induced release of the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto PGF1α in tendon cells isolated from diseased supraspinatus and Achilles tendons but not in cells from healthy comparator tendons. The same treatment induced profound prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release in tendon cells derived from patients with supraspinatus tendon tears. Incubation of IL-1β treated diseased tendon cells with selective mPGES-1 inhibitor Compound III, reduced PGE2, and simultaneously increased 6-keto PGF1α production. Conversely, COX blockade with naproxen or NS-398 inhibited both PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1α production. Tendon biopsies from patients in whom symptoms had resolved showed increased PTGIS compared to biopsies from patients with persistent tendinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PGE2 sustains inflammation and pain while prostacyclin may have a protective role in human tendon disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Bergqvist
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie G. Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, OX3 7LD UK
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Tasneem S, Liu B, Li B, Choudhary MI, Wang W. Molecular pharmacology of inflammation: Medicinal plants as anti-inflammatory agents. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sonnweber T, Pizzini A, Nairz M, Weiss G, Tancevski I. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113285. [PMID: 30360467 PMCID: PMC6274989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and immune pathways are crucial in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Arachidonic acid (AA) and its derivatives link nutrient metabolism to immunity and inflammation, thus holding a key role in the emergence and progression of frequent diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. We herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, tissue homeostasis, and immunity, and explore the role of the AA metabolome in diverse pathophysiological conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
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Dhouibi R, Moalla D, Ksouda K, Ben Salem M, Hammami S, Sahnoun Z, Zeghal KM, Affes H. Screening of analgesic activity of Tunisian Urtica dioica and analysis of its major bioactive compounds by GCMS. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:335-343. [PMID: 29157001 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1402352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic properties of Urtica dioica (UD) and to profile phytochemicals by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The ethanolic extracts were prepared by maceration method and extraction using rotary evaporator. The analgesic activity was analysed by hot plate method, formalin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test and the tail-flick test with different doses of the ethanolic extract. In all tests, the leaf's ethanolic extract exhibited significant analgesic activity (p < .001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Even with a low dose, we noticed an analgesic activity with many tests. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of leaf revealed many compounds; 2-methyltetradecane dodecane, 2,6,11-trimethyl-; 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane, and trimethylhexane which are pharmaceutically the most important. These findings justify that UD can be a valuable natural analgesic source which seemed to provide potential phototherapeutics against various ailments. The analysis of ethanolic extract of UD by GCMS revealed the presence of several compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenes which can explain the analgesic effect of UD and its mechanism of action. Hence, UD could be another therapeutic alternative for relieving pain and for minimising the use of drugs that have long-term secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouia Dhouibi
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Moalla
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Kamilia Ksouda
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Maryem Ben Salem
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Serria Hammami
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- b Research Unit of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Xenobiotics, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Khaled Mounir Zeghal
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hanen Affes
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax , University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K, Ahmad W. Raging the War Against Inflammation With Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:976. [PMID: 30245627 PMCID: PMC6137277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decade Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs of choice for treating numerous inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. The NSAIDs produces anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme, responsible for the conversation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Likewise, cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2) selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme and produces significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activity without producing COX-1 associated gastrointestinal and renal side effects. In last two decades numerous selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) have been developed and approved for various inflammatory conditions. However, data from clinical trials have suggested that the prolong use of COX-2 inhibitors are also associated with life threatening cardiovascular side effects including ischemic heart failure and myocardial infection. In these scenario secondary metabolites from natural product offers a great hope for the development of novel anti-inflammatory compounds. Although majority of the natural product based compounds exhibit more selectively toward COX-1. However, the data suggest that slight structural modification can be helpful in developing COX-2 selective secondary metabolites with comparative efficacy and limited side effects. This review is an effort to highlight the secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine source with significant COX-2 and COX-2 mediated PGE2 inhibitory activity, since it is anticipated that isolates with ability to inhibit COX-2 mediated PGE2 production would be useful in suppressing the inflammation and its classical sign and symptoms. Moreover, this review has highlighted the potential lead compounds including berberine, kaurenoic acid, α-cyperone, curcumin, and zedoarondiol for further development with the help of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and their current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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Chen CF, Su CH, Lai MN, Ng LT. Differences in water soluble non-digestible polysaccharides and anti-inflammatory activities of fruiting bodies from two cultivated Xylaria nigripes strains. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:728-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Treutlein EM, Kern K, Weigert A, Tarighi N, Schuh CD, Nüsing RM, Schreiber Y, Ferreirós N, Brüne B, Geisslinger G, Pierre S, Scholich K. The prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 controls CC-chemokine ligand 2-mediated neuropathic pain induced by mechanical nerve damage. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9685-9695. [PMID: 29752406 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is an important lipid mediator that is involved in several pathophysiological processes contributing to fever, inflammation, and pain. Previous studies have shown that early and continuous application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs significantly reduces pain behavior in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model for trauma-induced neuropathic pain. However, the role of PGE2 and its receptors in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain is incompletely understood but may help inform strategies for pain management. Here, we sought to define the nociceptive roles of the individual PGE2 receptors (EP1-4) in the SNI model using EP knockout mice. We found that PGE2 levels at the site of injury were increased and that the expression of the terminal synthase for PGE2, cytosolic PGE synthase was up-regulated in resident positive macrophages located within the damaged nerve. Only genetic deletion of the EP3 receptor affected nociceptive behavior and reduced the development of late-stage mechanical allodynia as well as recruitment of immune cells to the injured nerve. Importantly, EP3 activation induced the release of CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and antagonists against the CCL2 receptor reduced mechanical allodynia in WT but not in EP3 knockout mice. We conclude that selective inhibition of EP3 might present a potential approach for reducing chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa-Marie Treutlein
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Kern
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- the Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Neda Tarighi
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Schuh
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf M Nüsing
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- the Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany, and
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.,the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany,
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Hanna VS, Hafez EAA. Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:23-32. [PMID: 30034873 PMCID: PMC6052663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), a 20 carbon chain polyunsaturated fatty acid with 4 double bonds, is an integral constituent of biological cell membrane, conferring it with fluidity and flexibility. The four double bonds of AA predispose it to oxygenation that leads to a plethora of metabolites of considerable importance for the proper function of the immune system, promotion of allergies and inflammation, resolving of inflammation, mood, and appetite. The present review presents an illustrated synopsis of AA metabolism, corroborating the instrumental importance of AA derivatives for health and well-being. It provides a comprehensive outline on AA metabolic pathways, enzymes and signaling cascades, in order to develop new perspectives in disease treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violette Said Hanna
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Bisha M, Dao VTV, Gholamreza-Fahimi E, Vogt M, van Zandvoort M, Weber S, Bas M, Khosravani F, Kojda G, Suvorava T. The role of bradykinin receptor type 2 in spontaneous extravasation in mice skin: implications for non-allergic angio-oedema. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1607-1620. [PMID: 29465763 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-allergic angio-oedema is a life-threatening disease mediated by activation of bradykinin type 2 receptors (B2 receptors). The aim of this study was to investigate whether activation of B2 receptors by endogenous bradykinin contributes to physiological extravasation. This may shed new light on the assumption that treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) results in an alteration in the vascular barrier function predisposing to non-allergic angio-oedema. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We generated a new transgenic mouse model characterized by endothelium-specific overexpression of the B2 receptor (B2tg ) and established a non-invasive two-photon laser microscopy approach to measure the kinetics of spontaneous extravasation in vivo. The B2tg mice showed normal morphology and litter size as compared with their transgene-negative littermates (B2n ). KEY RESULTS Overexpression of B2 receptors was functional in conductance vessels and resistance vessels as evidenced by B2 receptor-mediated aortic dilation to bradykinin in presence of non-specific COX inhibitor diclofenac and by significant hypotension in B2tg respectively. Measurement of dermal extravasation by Miles assay showed that bradykinin induced extravasation was significantly increased in B2tg as compared with B2n . However, neither endothelial overexpression of B2 receptors nor treatment with the ACEi moexipril or B2 antagonist icatibant had any effect on spontaneous extravasation measured by two-photon laser microscopy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of B2 receptors does not appear to be involved in spontaneous extravasation. Therefore, the assumption that treatment with an ACEi results in an alteration in the physiological vascular barrier function predisposing to non-allergic angio-oedema is not supported by our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Bisha
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vu Thao-Vi Dao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Gholamreza-Fahimi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Sector Molecular Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Murat Bas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Farbod Khosravani
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Kojda
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Robichaux WG, Cheng X. Intracellular cAMP Sensor EPAC: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics Development. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:919-1053. [PMID: 29537337 PMCID: PMC6050347 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). Although EPAC proteins are fairly new additions to the growing list of cAMP effectors, and relatively "young" in the cAMP discovery timeline, the significance of an EPAC presence in different cell systems is extraordinary. The study of EPACs has considerably expanded the diversity and adaptive nature of cAMP signaling associated with numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. This review comprehensively covers EPAC protein functions at the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels; and in turn, the applications of employing EPAC-based biosensors as detection tools for dissecting cAMP signaling and the implications for targeting EPAC proteins for therapeutic development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Robichaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston, Texas
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Mouat MA, Coleman JLJ, Smith NJ. GPCRs in context: sexual dimorphism in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4047-4059. [PMID: 29451687 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the largest cause of mortality worldwide, and there is a clear gender gap in disease occurrence, with men being predisposed to earlier onset of CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension, relative to women. Oestrogen may be a driving factor for female-specific cardioprotection, though androgens and sex chromosomes are also likely to contribute to sexual dimorphism in the cardiovascular system (CVS). Many GPCR-mediated processes are involved in cardiovascular homeostasis, and some exhibit clear sex divergence. Here, we focus on the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, endothelin receptors ETA and ETB and the eicosanoid G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), discussing the evidence and potential mechanisms leading to gender dimorphic responses in the vasculature. The use of animal models and pharmacological tools has been essential to understanding the role of these receptors in the CVS and will be key to further delineating their sex-specific effects. Ultimately, this may illuminate wider sex differences in cardiovascular pathology and physiology. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Mouat
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - James L J Coleman
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola J Smith
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
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Characterization of Prostacyclin-associated Leg Pain in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:206-212. [PMID: 27898216 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201609-674oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Prostacyclin-associated leg pain is a potentially debilitating adverse effect of prostacyclin therapy for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, to our knowledge, this entity has not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVES To characterize the clinical features and metabolic risk factors for prostacyclin-associated leg pain. METHODS At one academic medical center, we assembled and analyzed a case series of patients with PAH and prostacyclin-associated leg pain. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Over a period of 2 years, we identified 11 patients with PAH and prostacyclin-associated leg pain who agreed to participate in this study. Subjects underwent a standardized clinical evaluation, electrodiagnostic assessment, and serologic screen for metabolic causes of peripheral neuropathy. All 11 patients were female; their mean (SD) age was 50 (±9) years; their median (interquartile range) PAH duration was 56 (20-96) months; and their prostacyclin therapy duration was a median (interquartile range) of 20 (14-36) months. All patients reported leg pain beginning soon after prostacyclin initiation and varying with dose. All described a neuropathic pain in a symmetric, distal, stocking distribution. Neurologic examination revealed a sensory, small-fiber, predominantly peripheral neuropathy in seven (78%) patients. Results of autonomic reflex testing and thermoregulatory sweat testing were abnormal in 82% and 90% of patients, respectively, suggesting small-fiber neuropathy. Serologic evaluation identified a new, previously unrecognized contributor to neuropathy in eight (73%) patients, including vitamin B12 deficiency in six (55%), uncompensated hypothyroidism in three (27%), and diabetes mellitus in one (9%). CONCLUSIONS Chronic prostacyclin-associated leg pain is associated with a small-fiber neuropathy. Treatable metabolic contributors (vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid dysfunction, or diabetes) appear to be common possible "second hits" that may be underrecognized. We recommend screening for possible metabolic contributors in patients who have otherwise unexplained leg pain in the setting of PAH and current or anticipated prostacyclin therapy.
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Kumei S, Yuhki KI, Kojima F, Kashiwagi H, Imamichi Y, Okumura T, Narumiya S, Ushikubi F. Prostaglandin I 2 suppresses the development of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. FASEB J 2017; 32:2354-2365. [PMID: 29247122 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700590r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Although the prostaglandin (PG)I2 receptor IP is expressed broadly in the liver, the role of PGI2-IP signaling in the development of NASH remains to be determined. Here, we investigated the role of the PGI2-IP system in the development of steatohepatitis using mice lacking the PGI2 receptor IP [IP-knockout (IP-KO) mice] and beraprost (BPS), a specific IP agonist. IP-KO and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) for 2, 5, or 10 wk. BPS was administered orally to mice every day during the experimental periods. The effect of BPS on the expression of chemokine and inflammatory cytokines was examined also in cultured Kupffer cells. WT mice fed MCDD developed steatohepatitis at 10 wk. IP-KO mice developed steatohepatitis at 5 wk with augmented histologic derangements accompanied by increased hepatic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and TNF-α concentrations. After 10 wk of MCDD, IP-KO mice had greater hepatic iron deposition with prominent oxidative stress, resulting in hepatocyte damage. In WT mice, BPS improved histologic and biochemical parameters of steatohepatitis, accompanied by reduced hepatic concentration of MCP-1 and TNF-α. Accordingly, BPS suppressed the LPS-stimulated Mcp-1 and Tnf-α mRNA expression in cultured Kupffer cells prepared from WT mice. PGI2-IP signaling plays a crucial role in the development and progression of steatohepatitis by modulating the inflammatory response, leading to augmented oxidative stress. We suggest that the PGI2-IP system is an attractive therapeutic target for treating patients with NASH.-Kumei, S., Yuhki, K.-I., Kojima, F., Kashiwagi, H., Imamichi, Y., Okumura, T., Narumiya, S., Ushikubi, F. Prostaglandin I2 suppresses the development of diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Kumei
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Yuhki
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kojima
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kashiwagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Kashiwagi H, Yuhki KI, Imamichi Y, Kojima F, Kumei S, Higashi T, Horinouchi T, Miwa S, Narumiya S, Ushikubi F. Cigarette Smoke Extract Inhibits Platelet Aggregation by Suppressing Cyclooxygenase Activity. TH OPEN 2017; 1:e122-e129. [PMID: 31249917 PMCID: PMC6524849 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1607979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of studies that were performed to determine whether cigarette smoking affects platelet function have been controversial, and the effects of nicotine- and tar-free cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on platelet function remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CSE on platelet aggregation and to clarify the mechanism by which CSE affects platelet function. CSE inhibited murine platelet aggregation induced by 9,11-dideoxy-9α,11α-methanoepoxy-prosta-5Z,13E-dien-1-oic acid (U-46619), a thromboxane (TX) A
2
receptor agonist, and that induced by collagen with respective IC
50
values of 1.05 ± 0.14% and 1.34 ± 0.19%. A similar inhibitory action of CSE was also observed in human platelets. CSE inhibited arachidonic acid–induced TXA
2
production in murine platelets with an IC
50
value of 7.32 ± 2.00%. Accordingly, the inhibitory effect of CSE on collagen-induced aggregation was significantly blunted in platelets lacking the TXA
2
receptor compared with the inhibitory effect in control platelets. In contrast, the antiplatelet effects of CSE in platelets lacking each inhibitory prostanoid receptor, prostaglandin (PG) I
2
receptor and PGE
2
receptor subtypes EP
2
and EP
4
, were not significantly different from the effects in respective control platelets. Among the enzymes responsible for TXA
2
production in platelets, the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 was inhibited by CSE with an IC
50
value of 1.07 ± 0.15% in an uncompetitive manner. In contrast, the activity of TX synthase was enhanced by CSE. The results indicate that CSE inhibits COX-1 activity and thereby decreases TXA
2
production in platelets, leading to inhibition of platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kashiwagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Yuhki
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Imamichi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kojima
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shima Kumei
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunehito Higashi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horinouchi
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Soichi Miwa
- Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ushikubi
- Department of Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Lipids are potent signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of cellular responses, including cell growth and death and inflammation/infection, via receptor-mediated pathways. Derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), each lipid displays unique properties, thus making their role in inflammation distinct from that of other lipids derived from the same PUFA. This diversity arises from their synthesis, which occurs via discrete enzymatic pathways and because they elicit responses via different receptors. This review will collate the bioactive lipid research to date and summarize the major pathways involved in their biosynthesis and role in inflammation. Specifically, lipids derived from AA (prostanoids, leukotrienes, 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, lipoxins, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids), EPA (E-series resolvins), and DHA (D-series resolvins, protectins, and maresins) will be discussed herein.
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69
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Kingman M, Archer-Chicko C, Bartlett M, Beckmann J, Hohsfield R, Lombardi S. Management of prostacyclin side effects in adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2017. [PMID: 28632002 PMCID: PMC5841898 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217719250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies that target the prostacyclin pathway are considered effective, yet are complex to dose and may cause dose-limiting side effects for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Careful side effect management and the ability to discern side effects from worsening disease are essential in order for patients to continue, and benefit from, prostacyclin therapy. This manuscript was developed through a collaborative effort of allied health providers with extensive experience in managing patients with PAH who are treated with medications that target the prostacyclin pathway. This article provides an overview of individual prostacyclin pathway therapies approved in the United States, side effects most commonly associated with these therapies, and practical suggestions for side effect management. Most patients will experience significant side effects on prostacyclin therapy. Creating a proactive and careful side effect management program will increase the likelihood that patients are able to stay on therapy and receive the benefits afforded by prostacyclin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Kingman
- 1 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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70
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12-HETrE inhibits platelet reactivity and thrombosis in part through the prostacyclin receptor. Blood Adv 2017; 1:1124-1131. [PMID: 29296755 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-derived metabolite of 12-lipoxygenase, 12-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid (12-HETrE), was recently shown to potently inhibit thrombus formation without prolonging bleeding in murine models. Although 12-HETrE was found to inhibit platelet activation via the Gαs signaling pathway, the Gαs-coupled receptor by which 12-HETrE mediates its antiplatelet effects has yet to be identified. Defining the receptor by which 12-HETrE exerts its effects is key to determining its therapeutic potential as an antiplatelet drug. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the Gαs-coupled platelet receptor through which 12-HETrE exerts its antiplatelet effects. In this study, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of the prostacyclin (IP) receptor in human platelets or genetic ablation of IP in murine platelets prevented 12-HETrE from blocking aggregation in vitro. Furthermore, the antithrombotic effects of 12-HETrE were significantly diminished in IP knockout mice in vivo. Together these data demonstrate that the antiplatelet effects of 12-HETrE are at least partially dependent on IP signaling. Importantly, this work identified 12-HETrE as a novel regulator of IP signaling that may aid in the rationale for design of novel therapeutics to inhibit platelet function. Additionally, this study provides further insight into the mechanism by which DGLA supplementation inhibits platelets function.
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71
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Ohkura M, Ohkura N, Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshima H, Saito I, Okiji T. Orthodontic force application upregulated pain-associated prostaglandin-I 2/PGI 2-receptor/TRPV1 pathway-related gene expression in rat molars. Odontology 2017. [PMID: 28631175 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the mRNA expression and protein localization of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) synthase (PGIS), the PGI2 receptor (IP receptor) and transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) in force-stimulated rat molars, toward the elucidation of the PGI2-IP receptor-TRPV1 pathway that is in operation in the pulp and possibly associated with orthodontic pain and inflammation. Experimental force was applied to the maxillary first and second molars by inserting an elastic band between them for 6-72 h. PGIS, PTGIR (the IP receptor gene), and TRPV1 mRNA levels in the coronal pulp were analyzed with real-time PCR. PGIS, IP receptor, and TRPV1 proteins were immunostained. The force stimulation induced significant upregulation of PGIS at 6-24 h, and PTGIR and TRPV1 at 6 and 12 h in the pulp. PGIS was immunolocalized in odontoblasts and some fibroblasts in the force-stimulated pulp. The IP receptor and TRPV1 immunoreactivities were detected on odontoblasts and some nerve fibers. It was concluded that PGIS, PTGIR, and TRPV1 in rat molar pulp were significantly upregulated shortly after the force application, and that the IP receptor was co-expressed on TRPV1-expressing nerves and odontoblasts. These findings suggest that the PGI2-IP receptor-TRPV1 pathway is associated with the acute phase of force-induced pulp changes involving odontoblasts and nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Ohkura
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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72
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Tacconelli S, Bruno A, Grande R, Ballerini P, Patrignani P. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular safety – translating pharmacological data into clinical readouts. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 16:791-807. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1338272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tacconelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosalia Grande
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, ‘G.d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
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73
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Patrono C, Baigent C. Coxibs, Traditional NSAIDs, and Cardiovascular Safety Post-PRECISION: What We Thought We Knew Then and What We Think We Know Now. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:238-245. [PMID: 28378879 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present review is to analyze how thinking about the cardiovascular safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs has evolved during the past two decades, and discuss to what extent the additional information from the Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Celecoxib Integrated Safety Versus Ibuprofen or Naproxen study may alter our current mechanistic understanding and/or clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Patrono
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - C Baigent
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, and Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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74
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Chen P, Gao H, Lu Y, Nie H, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Fan N, Zou Q, Dai Y, Tang A, Hara H, Cai Z, Cooper DKC, Lai L, Mou L. Altered expression of eNOS, prostacyclin synthase, prostaglandin G/H synthase, and thromboxane synthase in porcine aortic endothelial cells after exposure to human serum-relevance to xenotransplantation. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:798-808. [PMID: 28462511 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, the activity of platelets is stringently and precisely balanced between activation and quiescent state. This guarantees rapid hemostasis and avoids uncontrolled thrombosis. However, excessive platelet activation and resulting thrombotic microangiopathy are frequently observed in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation models. Endothelium-derived inhibitory mechanisms play an important role in regulation of platelet activation. These mainly include nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin PGI2 , and adenosine, which are synthesized by endothelial NO synthases (eNOS), prostacyclin synthase, and CD39/CD73, respectively. We investigated whether endothelium-derived regulatory mechanisms are affected in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) after exposure to human serum. In the present study, exposure of PAECs or porcine iliac arteries to human serum suppressed gene expression of eNOS and prostacyclin synthase, while induced gene expression of prostaglandin G/H synthase and thromboxane synthase. Simultaneously, exposure to human serum reduced NO and PGI2 production in PAEC culture supernatants. Thus, human serum altered the balance of endothelium-derived inhibitory mechanisms in PAECs, which may indicate a regulatory mechanism of excessive platelet activation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huirong Nie
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjian Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aifa Tang
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - David K C Cooper
- Xenotransplantation Program, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Liangxue Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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75
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Microglial TNFα Induces COX2 and PGI2 Synthase Expression in Spinal Endothelial Cells during Neuropathic Pain. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0064-17. [PMID: 28451639 PMCID: PMC5399753 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0064-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are typical lipid mediators that play a role in homeostasis and disease. They are synthesized from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and COX2. Although COX2 has been reported to be upregulated in the spinal cord after nerve injury, its expression and functional roles in neuropathic pain remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of Cox2, PGI2 synthase (Pgis), and prostaglandin I2 receptor (IP receptor) mRNA in the rat spinal cord after spared nerve injury (SNI). Levels of Cox2 and Pgis mRNA increased in endothelial cells from 24 to 48 h after nerve injury. IP receptor mRNA was constitutively expressed in dorsal horn neurons. A COX2 inhibitor and IP receptor antagonists attenuated pain behavior in the early phase of neuropathic pain. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between COX2 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in the spinal cord of a rat SNI model. Levels of TNFα mRNA transiently increased in the spinal microglia 24 h after SNI. The TNF receptors Tnfr1 and Tnfr2 mRNA were colocalized with COX2. Intrathecal injection of TNFα induced Cox2 and Pgis mRNA expression in endothelial cells. These results revealed that microglia-derived TNFα induced COX2 and PGIS expression in spinal endothelial cells and that endothelial PGI2 played a critical role in neuropathic pain via neuronal IP receptor. These findings further suggest that the glia–endothelial cell interaction of the neurovascular unit via transient TNFα is involved in the generation of neuropathic pain.
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76
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Skoro-Sajer N, Lang I. Selexipag, an orally available IP receptor agonist, in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: current evidence and future prospects. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1274650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nika Skoro-Sajer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Lang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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77
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Hyperfiltration-associated biomechanical forces in glomerular injury and response: Potential role for eicosanoids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 132:59-68. [PMID: 28108282 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperfiltration is a well-known risk factor in progressive loss of renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to various diseases. A reduced number of functional nephrons due to congenital or acquired cause(s) results in hyperfiltration in the remnant kidney. Hyperfiltration-associated increase in biomechanical forces, namely pressure-induced tensile stress and fluid flow-induced shear stress (FFSS) determine cellular injury and response. We believe the current treatment of CKD yields limited success because it largely attenuates pressure-induced tensile stress changes but not the effect of FFSS on podocytes. Studies on glomerular podocytes, tubular epithelial cells and bone osteocytes provide evidence for a significant role of COX-2 generated PGE2 and its receptors in response to tensile stress and FFSS. Preliminary observations show increased urinary PGE2 in children born with a solitary kidney. FFSS-induced COX2-PGE2-EP2 signaling provides an opportunity to identify targets and, for developing novel agents to complement currently available treatment.
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78
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Takahashi M, Shima K, Tsuchiya M, Hagiwara Y, Mizoguchi H, Sakurada S, Sugawara S, Fujita T, Tadano T, Watanabe M, Fukumoto S, Endo Y. Analgesic Effects of 1st Generation Anti-histamines in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:620-4. [PMID: 27040636 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pain is sensed, transmitted, and modified by a variety of mediators and receptors. Histamine is a well-known mediator of pain. In addition to their anti-histaminic effects, the classical, or 1st generation, anti-histamines (1st AHs) possess, to various degrees, anti-muscarinic, anti-serotonergic, anti-adrenergic, and other pharmacologic effects. Although there have been attempts to use 1st AHs as analgesics and/or analgesic adjuvants, the advent of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) discouraged such trials. We previously reported that in patients with temporomandibular disorders, osteoporosis, and/or osteoarthritis, the analgesic effects of certain 1st AHs (chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine) are superior to those of the NSAIDs flurbiprofen and indomethacin. Here, we compared analgesic effects among 1st AHs and NSAIDs against responses shown by mice to intraperitoneally injected 0.7% acetic acid. Since 1st AHs are water soluble, we selected water-soluble NSAIDs. For direct comparison, drugs were intravenously injected 30 min before the above tests. Histamine-H1-receptor-deficient (H1R-KO) mice were used for evaluating H1-receptor-independent effects. The tested 1st AHs (especially cyproheptadine) displayed or tended to display analgesic effects comparable to those of NSAIDs in normal and H1R-KO mice. Our data suggest that the anti-serotonergic and/or anti-adrenergic effects of 1st AHs make important contributions to their analgesic effects. Moreover, combination of a 1st AH with an NSAID (cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor) produced remarkably potent analgesic effects. We propose that a 1st AH, by itself or in combination with a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, should undergo testing to evaluate its usefulness in analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mebae Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Regulation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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HARA S. Prostaglandin terminal synthases as novel therapeutic targets. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:703-723. [PMID: 29129850 PMCID: PMC5743848 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects by reducing prostaglandin (PG) production via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). However, the gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular side effects associated with the pharmacological inhibition of the COX enzymes have focused renewed attention onto other potential targets for NSAIDs. PGH2, a COX metabolite, is converted to each PG species by species-specific PG terminal synthases. Because of their potential for more selective modulation of PG production, PG terminal synthases are now being investigated as a novel target for NSAIDs. In this review, I summarize the current understanding of PG terminal synthases, with a focus on microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and PGI synthase (PGIS). mPGES-1 and PGIS cooperatively exacerbate inflammatory reactions but have opposing effects on carcinogenesis. mPGES-1 and PGIS are expected to be attractive alternatives to COX as therapeutic targets for several diseases, including inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro HARA
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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80
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Simons B, Ferrini ME, Carvalho S, Bassett DJP, Jaffar Z, Roberts K. PGI2 Controls Pulmonary NK Cells That Prevent Airway Sensitization to House Dust Mite Allergen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:461-471. [PMID: 27895167 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In allergic asthma, inhalation of airborne allergens such as the house dust mite (HDM) effectively activates both innate and adaptive immunity in the lung mucosa. To determine the role of the eicosanoid PGI2 and its receptor IP during allergic airway sensitization, HDM responses in mice lacking a functional IP receptor (i.e., PGI2 IP receptor-deficient [IP-/-]) were compared with wild type (WT) mice. Surprisingly, IP-/- mice had increased numbers of pulmonary CD3-NK1.1+Ly49b+ NK cells producing IFN-γ that was inversely associated with the number of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) expressing IL-33Rα and IL-13 compared with WT animals. This phenomenon was associated with elevated CX3CL1 levels in the airways of IP-/- mice and treatment with a neutralizing Ab to CX3CL1 reduced IFN-γ production by the lung NK cells. Remarkably, IP-/- mice were less responsive to HDM challenge than WT counterparts because intranasal instillation of the allergen induced markedly reduced levels of airway eosinophils, CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration, and mucus production, as well as depressed levels of CCL2 chemokine and Th2 cytokines. NK cells were responsible for such attenuated responses because depletion of NK1.1+ cells in IP-/- mice restored both the HDM-induced lung inflammation and ILC2 numbers, whereas transfer of CD3-NK1.1+ NK cells into the airways of WT hosts suppressed the inflammatory response. Collectively, these data demonstrate a hitherto unknown role for PGI2 in regulating the number and properties of NK cells resident in lung tissue and reveal a role for NK cells in limiting lung tissue ILC2s and preventing allergic inflammatory responses to inhaled HDM allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Simons
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - Maria E Ferrini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - Sophia Carvalho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - David J P Bassett
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Zeina Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
| | - Kevan Roberts
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and
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81
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Patrono C. Cardiovascular effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a mechanistic and clinical perspective. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:957-64. [PMID: 27317138 PMCID: PMC5137820 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a joint Themed section with the British Journal of Pharmacology on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk: a Realistic Clinical Prospect? The rest of the Themed section will appear in a future issue of BJP and will be available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1476-5381 Prostaglandin (PG) H synthase 2 [also referred to colloquially as cyclooxygenase (COX) 2] represents a key enzyme in arachidonic acid metabolism in health and disease. It is both constitutively expressed in several human tissues (e.g. kidney and brain) and induced in various cell types (including monocytes/macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and colorectal cancer cells) in response to inflammatory cytokines, laminar shear stress and growth factors. Products of COX-2 activity (e.g. PGE2 and prostacyclin) are involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including renal haemodynamics and the control of blood pressure, endothelial thromboresistance, pain and inflammation, and colorectal tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is not surprising that COX-2 inhibitors display multifaceted clinical effects, ranging from reduced pain and inflammation to increased blood pressure, an increased risk of atherothrombotic events and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. The aim of the present article was to review the cardiovascular effects of COX-2 inhibitors [traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) and coxibs alike], with a focus on the mechanisms contributing to the clinical readouts of COX-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Patrono
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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82
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Tunaru S, Chennupati R, Nüsing RM, Offermanns S. Arachidonic Acid Metabolite 19(S)-HETE Induces Vasorelaxation and Platelet Inhibition by Activating Prostacyclin (IP) Receptor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163633. [PMID: 27662627 PMCID: PMC5035018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
19(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (19(S)-HETE) belongs to a family of arachidonic acid metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 enzymes, which play critical roles in the regulation of cardiovascular, renal and pulmonary functions. Although it has been known for a long time that 19(S)-HETE has vascular effects, its mechanism of action has remained unclear. In this study we show that 19(S)-HETE induces cAMP accumulation in the human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line MEG-01. This effect was concentration-dependent with an EC50 of 520 nM, insensitive to pharmacological inhibition of COX-1/2 and required the expression of the G-protein Gs. Systematic siRNA-mediated knock-down of each G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in MEG-01 followed by functional analysis identified the prostacyclin receptor (IP) as the mediator of the effects of 19(S)-HETE, and the heterologously expressed IP receptor was also activated by 19(S)-HETE in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC50 of 567 nM. Pretreatment of isolated murine platelets with 19(S)-HETE blocked thrombin-induced platelets aggregation, an effect not seen in platelets from mice lacking the IP receptor. Furthermore, 19(S)-HETE was able to relax mouse mesenteric artery- and thoracic aorta-derived vessel segments. While pharmacological inhibition of COX-1/2 enzymes had no effect on the vasodilatory activity of 19(S)-HETE these effects were not observed in vessels from mice lacking the IP receptor. These results identify a novel mechanism of action for the CYP450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolite 19(S)-HETE and point to the existence of a broader spectrum of naturally occurring prostanoid receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Tunaru
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- * E-mail: (ST); (SO)
| | - Ramesh Chennupati
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rolf M. Nüsing
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail: (ST); (SO)
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83
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuji Imamura
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Louis J. Muglia
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri; Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8116, One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO 63110
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84
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Optimization of roasting conditions through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Yak-kong ( Rhynchosia nulubilis). Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:1175-1182. [PMID: 30263391 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of roasting conditions on the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory activities of roasted yak-kong were investigated using a second-order central composite design. The optimum conditions for DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC50), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50), total phenolic content (TPC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were at 111.47°C for 20.45 min, with the best values (DPPH, IC50; 2.143 mg/mL, ABTS, IC50; 1.775 mg/mL, TPC; 51.39mg tannic acid (TAE)/g, and ORAC; 6.89 μmoL trolox equivalents (TE)/g). The optimum conditions of nitric oxide (NO) production, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were at 110.24°C for 21.18 min, yielding the best values (NO; 14.484 μM, PGE2; 3.433 mg/mL, and TNF-α; 3.818 ng/mL). Superimposed contour plots with regard to 7 variables indicated that the optimum roasting temperature and time were 110.88°C and 20.86 min. This result suggested that the optimally roasted yak-kong could replace coffee beans to provide potential bone health benefits to heavy coffee drinkers.
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85
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Pogoriler JE, Rich S, Archer SL, Husain AN. Persistence of complex vascular lesions despite prolonged prostacyclin therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Histopathology 2016; 61:597-609. [PMID: 22748137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Continuous infusion of prostacyclin analogues improves survival in advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition to its vasodilatory effects, prostacyclin has the potential to decrease inflammation, thrombosis, and smooth muscle proliferation. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether pathological data support the ability of prostanoids to prevent progression of vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two autopsied patients with World Health Organization category 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (primarily idiopathic and connective tissue disease-associated) were divided into those who received long-term prostacyclin (n = 12, PG-long, mean treatment 3.9 years) and those who received 0-1 month of prostacyclin (n = 10, PG-short). Surprisingly, PG-long patients had larger plexiform lesions (P < 0.05), with no decrease in medial and intimal thicknesses as compared with PG-short patients. Plexiform lesion size and density increased with increasing treatment time. Also, PG-long patients had fewer platelet thrombi and more frequent acute diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Quantification of macrophages and T cells revealed no differences in inflammatory infiltrates. CONCLUSION Although long-term prostacyclin therapy may have an antithrombotic effect in addition to its vasodilatory actions, it was not associated with the prevention of advanced vascular lesions. The mechanism by which prostacyclin analogues improve survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Pogoriler
- Department of PathologySection of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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86
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Pogoriler JE, Rich S, Archer SL, Husain AN. Persistence of complex vascular lesions despite prolonged prostacyclin therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Histopathology 2016. [PMID: 22748137 DOI: 10/1111/j.1365-2259.2012.04246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Continuous infusion of prostacyclin analogues improves survival in advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition to its vasodilatory effects, prostacyclin has the potential to decrease inflammation, thrombosis, and smooth muscle proliferation. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether pathological data support the ability of prostanoids to prevent progression of vascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two autopsied patients with World Health Organization category 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (primarily idiopathic and connective tissue disease-associated) were divided into those who received long-term prostacyclin (n = 12, PG-long, mean treatment 3.9 years) and those who received 0-1 month of prostacyclin (n = 10, PG-short). Surprisingly, PG-long patients had larger plexiform lesions (P < 0.05), with no decrease in medial and intimal thicknesses as compared with PG-short patients. Plexiform lesion size and density increased with increasing treatment time. Also, PG-long patients had fewer platelet thrombi and more frequent acute diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. Quantification of macrophages and T cells revealed no differences in inflammatory infiltrates. CONCLUSION Although long-term prostacyclin therapy may have an antithrombotic effect in addition to its vasodilatory actions, it was not associated with the prevention of advanced vascular lesions. The mechanism by which prostacyclin analogues improve survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Pogoriler
- Department of PathologySection of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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87
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Sheikh BY, Zihad SMNK, Sifat N, Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Hamdi OAA, Hossain H, Rouf R, Jahan IA. Comparative study of neuropharmacological, analgesic properties and phenolic profile of Ajwah, Safawy and Sukkari cultivars of date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 16:175-183. [PMID: 27746708 PMCID: PMC5040737 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-016-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the rich nutritional value, date palm is also used in various ethnobotanical practices for the treatment of various disease conditions. Present investigation was undertaken to examine the neuropharmacological and antinociceptive effect of the ethanol extract of three date cultivars growing in Saudi Arabia, namely Ajwah, Safawy and Sukkari. Neuropharmacological effect was observed by pentobarbitone induced sleeping time, open field, and hole board test. Antinociceptive activity was tested by acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate test. The date extracts were also subjected to HPLC analysis to detect the presence of common bioactive polyphenols. All the three date extracts extended the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time, reduced locomotor activity in open field test and reduced exploratory behaviour in hole board test in mice. The extracts also reduced acetic acid induced writhing and delayed response time in hot plate test. The activities were stronger for Ajwah than the other two date cultivars. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of trans-ferulic acid in all three cultivars, while (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin only in Ajwah and Safawy. The observed neuropharmacological and analgesic activity could be partly due to the presence of (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and trans-ferulic acid, three important plant polyphenols well known for their neuroprotective activity and their ability to exert antioxidant activity on brain cells. Present investigation also supports the ethnobotanical use of date palm to provide ameliorating effects in pain and CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Yousef Sheikh
- College of Medicine, Taibah University, PO Box 456, Almadinah Almunawarah, 41411 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nazifa Sifat
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh J. Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Omer A. A. Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Alneelain University, 11121 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Razina Rouf
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208 Bangladesh
| | - Ismet Ara Jahan
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
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88
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Kakizuka S, Takeda T, Komiya Y, Koba A, Uchi H, Yamamoto M, Furue M, Ishii Y, Yamada H. Dioxin-Produced Alteration in the Profiles of Fecal and Urinary Metabolomes: A Change in Bile Acids and Its Relevance to Toxicity. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1484-95. [PMID: 26424014 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated dioxin-induced changes in metabolomes in pubertal rat excrement. The administration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or restricting dietary intake (pair-fed group) markedly altered the metabolomic profile including lipids, hormones, and vitamins in the urine and feces. TCDD caused an increase in the fecal chenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid content and in urinary adrenaline and 17β-estradiol, while the urinary melatonin level was reduced by TCDD. These changes were not observed in the pair-fed group. In accordance with the elevated level of fecal bile acids, TCDD reduced the intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter, which plays a role in resorbing bile acids from the bile duct. In addition, CYP7A1, a rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid biosynthesis, was attenuated by TCDD treatment, although TCDD induced hepatic CYP8B1, an enzyme essential for cholic acid synthesis. Supplying cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid to TCDD-exposed rats tended to restore the TCDD-produced reduction in serum triglycerides, whereas no similar trend was observed in wasting syndrome and lipid accumulation in the liver. These results suggest that: 1) TCDD alters the circulating levels of bile acids and hormones via a mechanism distinct from an attenuation in dietary intake, although the majority of TCDD-induced changes in nutrient contents in the excrement is due to a reduction in food intake; and 2) TCDD facilitates the excretion of bile acids and disrupts their biosynthesis, resulting in the disturbance of lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University
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89
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Simultaneous Inhibition of PGE2 and PGI2 Signals Is Necessary to Suppress Hyperalgesia in Rat Inflammatory Pain Models. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9847840. [PMID: 27478311 PMCID: PMC4961812 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9847840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is well known as a mediator of inflammatory symptoms such as fever, arthritis, and inflammatory pain. In the present study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of our selective PGE2 synthesis inhibitor, compound I, 2-methyl-2-[cis-4-([1-(6-methyl-3-phenylquinolin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl]carbonyl amino)cyclohexyl] propanoic acid, in rat yeast-induced acute and adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain models. Although this compound suppressed the synthesis of PGE2 selectively, no analgesic effect was shown in both inflammatory pain models. Prostacyclin (PGI2) also plays crucial roles in inflammatory pain, so we evaluated the involvement of PGI2 signaling in rat inflammatory pain models using prostacyclin receptor (IP) antagonist, RO3244019. RO3244019 showed no analgesic effect in inflammatory pain models, but concomitant administration of compound I and RO3244019 showed analgesic effects comparable to celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 inhibitor. Furthermore, coadministration of PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) antagonist, CJ-023423, and RO3244019 also showed an analgesic effect. These findings suggest that both PGE2 signaling, especially through the EP4 receptor, and PGI2 signaling play critical roles in inflammatory pain and concurrent inhibition of both signals is important for suppression of inflammatory hyperalgesia.
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90
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Eivers SB, Kinsella BT. Regulated expression of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) gene by androgens within the vasculature: Combined role for androgens and serum cholesterol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1333-51. [PMID: 27365208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prostanoid prostacyclin plays a key cardioprotective role within the vasculature. There is increasing evidence that androgens may also confer cardioprotection but through unknown mechanisms. This study investigated whether the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may regulate expression of the prostacyclin/I prostanoid receptor or, in short, the IP in platelet-progenitor megakaryoblastic and vascular endothelial cells. DHT significantly increased IP mRNA and protein expression, IP-induced cAMP generation and promoter (PrmIP)-directed gene expression in all cell types examined. The androgen-responsive region was localised to a cis-acting androgen response element (ARE), which lies in close proximity to a functional sterol response element (SRE) within the core promoter. In normal serum conditions, DHT increased IP expression through classic androgen receptor (AR) binding to the functional ARE within the PrmIP. However, under conditions of low-cholesterol, DHT led to further increases in IP expression through an indirect mechanism involving AR-dependent upregulation of SCAP expression and enhanced SREBP1 processing & binding to the SRE within the PrmIP. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed DHT-induced AR binding to the ARE in vivo in cells cultured in normal serum while, in conditions of low cholesterol, DHT led to increased AR and SREBP1 binding to the functional ARE and SRE cis-acting elements, respectively, within the core PrmIP resulting in further increases in IP expression. Collectively, these data establish that the human IP gene is under the transcriptional regulation of DHT, where this regulation is further influenced by serum-cholesterol levels. This may explain, in part, some of the protective actions of androgens within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Eivers
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Therese Kinsella
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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91
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Prostacyclin-producing human mesenchymal cells target H19 lncRNA to augment endogenous progenitor function in hindlimb ischaemia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11276. [PMID: 27080438 PMCID: PMC4835554 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoting the paracrine effects of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) therapy may contribute to improvements in patient outcomes. Here we develop an innovative strategy to enhance the paracrine effects of hMSCs. In a mouse hindlimb ischaemia model, we examine the effects of hMSCs in which a novel triple-catalytic enzyme is introduced to stably produce prostacyclin (PGI2-hMSCs). We show that PGI2-hMSCs facilitate perfusion recovery and enhance running capability as compared with control hMSCs or iloprost (a stable PGI2 analogue). Transplanted PGI2-hMSCs do not incorporate long term into host tissue, but rather they mediate host regeneration and muscle mass gain in a paracrine manner. Mechanistically, this involves long noncoding RNA H19 in promoting PGI2-hMSC-associated survival and proliferation of host progenitor cells under hypoxic conditions. Together, our data reveal the novel ability of PGI2-hMSCs to stimulate host regenerative processes and improve physical function by regulating long noncoding RNA in resident progenitor cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) expressing paracrine factors may enhance therapeutic benefits when transplanted. Here, the authors show that hMSCs stably expressing prostacyclin enhance host regeneration and muscle mass gain in a mouse hindlimb ischaemia model, mediated by the long noncoding RNA H19.
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92
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Hadley KB, Ryan AS, Forsyth S, Gautier S, Salem N. The Essentiality of Arachidonic Acid in Infant Development. Nutrients 2016; 8:216. [PMID: 27077882 PMCID: PMC4848685 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) is an n-6 polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acid formed by the biosynthesis from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6). This review considers the essential role that ARA plays in infant development. ARA is always present in human milk at a relatively fixed level and is accumulated in tissues throughout the body where it serves several important functions. Without the provision of preformed ARA in human milk or infant formula the growing infant cannot maintain ARA levels from synthetic pathways alone that are sufficient to meet metabolic demand. During late infancy and early childhood the amount of dietary ARA provided by solid foods is low. ARA serves as a precursor to leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes, collectively known as eicosanoids which are important for immunity and immune response. There is strong evidence based on animal and human studies that ARA is critical for infant growth, brain development, and health. These studies also demonstrate the importance of balancing the amounts of ARA and DHA as too much DHA may suppress the benefits provided by ARA. Both ARA and DHA have been added to infant formulas and follow-on formulas for more than two decades. The amounts and ratios of ARA and DHA needed in infant formula are discussed based on an in depth review of the available scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Hadley
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
| | - Alan S Ryan
- Clinical Research Consulting, 9809 Halston Manor, Boynton Beach, FL 33473, USA.
| | - Stewart Forsyth
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
| | - Sheila Gautier
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
| | - Norman Salem
- DSM Nutritional Products, 6480 Dobbin Road, Columbia, MD 21045, USA.
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Slattery P, Frölich S, Schreiber Y, Nüsing RM. COX-2 gene dosage-dependent defects in kidney development. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1113-22. [PMID: 26984955 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00430.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 causes impairment of kidney development, including hypothrophic glomeruli and cortical thinning. A critical role for COX-2 is seen 4-8 days postnatally. The present study was aimed at answering whether different COX-2 gene dosage and partial pharmacological COX-2 inhibition impairs kidney development. We studied kidney development in COX-2(+/+), COX-2(+/-), and COX-2(-/-) mice as well as in C57Bl6 mice treated postnatally with low (5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) and high (10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) doses of the selective COX-2 inhibitor SC-236. COX-2(+/-) mice exhibit impaired kidney development leading to reduced glomerular size but, in contrast to COX-2(-/-) mice, only marginal cortical thinning. Moreover, in COX-2(+/-) and COX-2(-/-) kidneys, juxtamedullary glomeruli, which develop in the very early stages of nephrogenesis, also showed a size reduction. In COX-2(+/-) kidneys at the age of 8 days, we observed significantly less expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein and less PGE2 and PGI2 synthetic activity compared with COX-2(+/+) kidneys. The renal defects in COX-2(-/-) and COX-2(+/-) kidneys could be mimicked by high and low doses of SC-236, respectively. In aged COX-2(+/-) kidneys, glomerulosclerosis was observed; however, in contrast to COX-2(-/-) kidneys, periglomerular fibrosis was absent. COX-2(+/-) mice showed signs of kidney insufficiency, demonstrated by enhanced serum creatinine levels, quite similar to COX-2(-/-) mice, but, in contrast, serum urea remained at the control level. In summary, function of both COX-2 gene alleles is absolutely necessary to ensure physiological development of the mouse kidney. Loss of one copy of the COX-2 gene or partial COX-2 inhibition is associated with distinct renal damage and reduced kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Slattery
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | - Stefanie Frölich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; and
| | | | - Rolf M Nüsing
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; and
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94
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Sugita R, Kubota K, Sugimoto K, Tachida Y, Shibayama T, Kiho T, Kawakami K, Shimada K. A novel selective prostaglandin E2 synthesis inhibitor relieves pyrexia and arthritis in Guinea pigs inflammatory models. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 130:128-35. [PMID: 26906248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), one of the terminal products in the cyclooxygenase pathway, plays an important role in various inflammatory responses. To determine whether selective inhibition of PGE2 may relieve these inflammatory symptoms, we synthesized a selective PGE2 synthesis inhibitor, compound A [1-(6-fluoro-5,7-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-[(1S,2R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide], then investigated the effects on pyrexia, arthritis and inflammatory pain in guinea pigs. In LPS-stimulated guinea pig macrophages, compound A selectively inhibited inducible PGE2 biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner whereas enhanced the formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Compound A suppressed yeast-evoked PGE2 production selectively and enhanced the production of TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1αin vivo. In addition, compound A relieved yeast-induced pyrexia and also suppressed paw swelling in an adjuvant-induced arthritis model. The effect on gastrointestinal (GI) ulcer formation was also evaluated and compound A showed a lower GI adverse effect than indomethacin. However, compound A failed to relieve yeast-induced thermal hyperalgesia. These results suggest that selective inhibition of PGE2 synthesis may have anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties without GI side effect, but lack the analgesic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sugita
- Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kubota
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tachida
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibayama
- Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kiho
- Medical Chemistry Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kawakami
- Global Project Management Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimada
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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95
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Goldenberg NM, Kuebler WM. Endothelial cell regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, inflammation, and coagulation. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:531-59. [PMID: 25880504 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary endothelium represents a heterogeneous cell monolayer covering the luminal surface of the entire lung vasculature. As such, this cell layer lies at a critical interface between the blood, airways, and lung parenchyma, and must act as a selective barrier between these diverse compartments. Lung endothelial cells are able to produce and secrete mediators, display surface receptor, and cellular adhesion molecules, and metabolize circulating hormones to influence vasomotor tone, both local and systemic inflammation, and coagulation functions. In this review, we will explore the role of the pulmonary endothelium in each of these systems, highlighting key regulatory functions of the pulmonary endothelial cell, as well as novel aspects of the pulmonary endothelium in contrast to the systemic cell type. The interactions between pulmonary endothelial cells and both leukocytes and platelets will be discussed in detail, and wherever possible, elements of endothelial control over physiological and pathophysiological processes will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Goldenberg
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; German Heart Institute Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario,Canada
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96
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Ceddia RP, Lee D, Maulis MF, Carboneau BA, Threadgill DW, Poffenberger G, Milne G, Boyd KL, Powers AC, McGuinness OP, Gannon M, Breyer RM. The PGE2 EP3 Receptor Regulates Diet-Induced Adiposity in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:220-32. [PMID: 26485614 PMCID: PMC4701878 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mice carrying a targeted disruption of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) E-prostanoid receptor 3 (EP3) gene, Ptger3, were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or a micronutrient matched control diet, to investigate the effects of disrupted PGE2-EP3 signaling on diabetes in a setting of diet-induced obesity. Although no differences in body weight were seen in mice fed the control diet, when fed a HFD, EP3(-/-) mice gained more weight relative to EP3(+/+) mice. Overall, EP3(-/-) mice had increased epididymal fat mass and adipocyte size; paradoxically, a relative decrease in both epididymal fat pad mass and adipocyte size was observed in the heaviest EP3(-/-) mice. The EP3(-/-) mice had increased macrophage infiltration, TNF-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-6 expression, and necrosis in their epididymal fat pads as compared with EP3(+/+) animals. Adipocytes isolated from EP3(+/+) or EP3(-/-) mice were assayed for the effect of PGE2-evoked inhibition of lipolysis. Adipocytes isolated from EP3(-/-) mice lacked PGE2-evoked inhibition of isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis compared with EP3(+/+). EP3(-/-) mice fed HFD had exaggerated ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver, with evidence of hepatic steatosis. Both blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were similar between genotypes on a control diet, but when fed HFD, EP3(-/-) mice became hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic when compared with EP3(+/+) fed HFD, demonstrating a more severe insulin resistance phenotype in EP3(-/-). These results demonstrate that when fed a HFD, EP3(-/-) mice have abnormal lipid distribution, developing excessive ectopic lipid accumulation and associated insulin resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Cell Size
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipid Metabolism
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophage Activation
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Necrosis
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/immunology
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Panniculitis/etiology
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/metabolism
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ceddia
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - DaeKee Lee
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Matthew F Maulis
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Bethany A Carboneau
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David W Threadgill
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ginger Milne
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Veterans Affairs (A.C.P., M.G., R.M.B.), Tennessee Valley Health Authority, and Department of Medicine (R.M.B.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; Departments of Pharmacology (R.P.C., G.M., R.M.B.) and Cell and Developmental Biology (D.L., D.W.T., M.G.); Department of Medicine (M.F.M., G.P., A.C.P., M.G.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism; and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.A.C., A.C.P., O.P.G., M.G.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (K.L.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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97
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Sasaki Y, Kamiyama S, Kamiyama A, Matsumoto K, Akatsu M, Nakatani Y, Kuwata H, Ishikawa Y, Ishii T, Yokoyama C, Hara S. Genetic-deletion of Cyclooxygenase-2 Downstream Prostacyclin Synthase Suppresses Inflammatory Reactions but Facilitates Carcinogenesis, unlike Deletion of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17376. [PMID: 26611322 PMCID: PMC4661703 DOI: 10.1038/srep17376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin synthase (PGIS) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are prostaglandin (PG) terminal synthases that function downstream of inducible cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the PGI2 and PGE2 biosynthetic pathways, respectively. mPGES-1 has been shown to be involved in various COX-2-related diseases such as inflammatory diseases and cancers, but it is not yet known how PGIS is involved in these COX-2-related diseases. Here, to clarify the pathophysiological role of PGIS, we investigated the phenotypes of PGIS and mPGES-1 individual knockout (KO) or double KO (DKO) mice. The results indicate that a thioglycollate-induced exudation of leukocytes into the peritoneal cavity was suppressed by the genetic-deletion of PGIS. In the PGIS KO mice, lipopolysaccharide-primed pain nociception (as assessed by the acetic acid-induced writhing reaction) was also reduced. Both of these reactions were suppressed more effectively in the PGIS/mPGES-1 DKO mice than in the PGIS KO mice. On the other hand, unlike mPGES-1 deficiency (which suppressed azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis), PGIS deficiency up-regulated both aberrant crypt foci formation at the early stage of carcinogenesis and polyp formation at the late stage. These results indicate that PGIS and mPGES-1 cooperatively exacerbate inflammatory reactions but have opposing effects on carcinogenesis, and that PGIS-derived PGI2 has anti-carcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sasaki
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kamiyama
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Azusa Kamiyama
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Konomi Matsumoto
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Moe Akatsu
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuwata
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yukio Ishikawa
- Pathology Section, Itabashi Medical Laboratory, Tokyo 174-0051, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Saiseikai Yokohama City Tobu Hospital, Yokohama 230-8765, Japan
| | | | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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98
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Vela Vásquez R, Peláez Romero R. Aspirin and spinal haematoma after neuraxial anaesthesia: Myth or reality? Br J Anaesth 2015; 115:688-98. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aev348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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99
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Blitek A, Szymanska M, Morawska-Pucinska E, Malysz-Cymborska I, Andronowska A. Prostacyclin receptor (PTGIR) in the porcine endometrium: Regulation of expression and role in luminal epithelial and stromal cells. Theriogenology 2015; 84:969-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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100
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Modulating platelet reactivity through control of RGS18 availability. Blood 2015; 126:2611-20. [PMID: 26407691 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-640037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Most platelet agonists activate platelets by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors. We have shown previously that a critical node in the G-protein signaling network in platelets is formed by a scaffold protein, spinophilin (SPL), the tyrosine phosphatase, Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), and the regulator of G-protein signaling family member, RGS18. Here, we asked whether SPL and other RGS18 binding proteins such as 14-3-3γ regulate platelet reactivity by sequestering RGS18 and, if so, how this is accomplished. The results show that, in resting platelets, free RGS18 levels are relatively low, increasing when platelets are activated by thrombin. Free RGS18 levels also rise when platelets are rendered resistant to activation by exposure to prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) or forskolin, both of which increase platelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. However, the mechanism for raising free RGS18 is different in these 2 settings. Whereas thrombin activates SHP-1 and causes dephosphorylation of SPL tyrosine residues, PGI2 and forskolin cause phosphorylation of SPL Ser94 without reducing tyrosine phosphorylation. Substituting alanine for Ser94 blocks cAMP-induced dissociation of the SPL/RGS/SHP-1 complex. Replacing Ser94 with aspartate prevents formation of the complex and produces a loss-of-function phenotype when expressed in mouse platelets. Together with the defect in platelet function we previously observed in SPL(-/-) mice, these data show that (1) regulated sequestration and release of RGS18 by intracellular binding proteins provides a mechanism for coordinating activating and inhibitory signaling networks in platelets, and (2) differential phosphorylation of SPL tyrosine and serine residues provides a key to understanding both.
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