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Tumor Tissue-Specific Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer by Anatomic Location and Stage. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060257. [PMID: 32575361 PMCID: PMC7345993 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The progress in the discovery and validation of metabolite biomarkers for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been hampered by the lack of reproducibility between study cohorts. The majority of discovery-phase biomarker studies have used patient blood samples to identify disease-related metabolites, but this pre-validation phase is confounded by non-specific disease influences on the metabolome. We therefore propose that metabolite biomarker discovery would have greater success and higher reproducibility for CRC if the discovery phase was conducted in tumor tissues, to find metabolites that have higher specificity to the metabolic consequences of the disease, that are then validated in blood samples. This would thereby eliminate any non-tumor and/or body response effects to the disease. In this study, we performed comprehensive untargeted metabolomics analyses on normal (adjacent) colon and tumor tissues from CRC patients, revealing tumor tissue-specific biomarkers (n = 39/group). We identified 28 highly discriminatory tumor tissue metabolite biomarkers of CRC by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and univariate analyses (VIP > 1.5, p < 0.05). A stepwise selection procedure was used to identify nine metabolites that were the most predictive of CRC with areas under the curve (AUCs) of >0.96, using various models. We further identified five biomarkers that were specific to the anatomic location of tumors in the colon (n = 236). The combination of these five metabolites (S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, formylmethionine, fucose 1-phosphate, lactate, and phenylalanine) demonstrated high differentiative capability for left- and right-sided colon cancers at stage I by internal cross-validation (AUC = 0.804, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.670–0.940). This study thus revealed nine discriminatory biomarkers of CRC that are now poised for external validation in a future independent cohort of samples. We also discovered a discrete metabolic signature to determine the anatomic location of the tumor at the earliest stage, thus potentially providing clinicians a means to identify individuals that could be triaged for additional screening regimens.
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Geijsen AJ, van Roekel EH, van Duijnhoven FJ, Achaintre D, Bachleitner‐Hofmann T, Baierl A, Bergmann MM, Boehm J, Bours MJ, Brenner H, Breukink SO, Brezina S, Chang‐Claude J, Herpel E, de Wilt JH, Gicquiau A, Gigic B, Gumpenberger T, Hansson BM, Hoffmeister M, Holowatyj AN, Karner‐Hanusch J, Keski‐Rahkonen P, Keulen ET, Koole JL, Leeb G, Ose J, Schirmacher P, Schneider MA, Schrotz‐King P, Stift A, Ulvik A, Vogelaar FJ, Wesselink E, van Zutphen M, Gsur A, Habermann N, Kampman E, Scalbert A, Ueland PM, Ulrich AB, Ulrich CM, Weijenberg MP, Kok DE. Plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer stage: Findings from an international consortium. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:3256-3266. [PMID: 31495913 PMCID: PMC7216900 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death globally, with marked differences in prognosis by disease stage at diagnosis. We studied circulating metabolites in relation to disease stage to improve the understanding of metabolic pathways related to colorectal cancer progression. We investigated plasma concentrations of 130 metabolites among 744 Stages I-IV colorectal cancer patients from ongoing cohort studies. Plasma samples, collected at diagnosis, were analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using the Biocrates AbsoluteIDQ™ p180 kit. We assessed associations between metabolite concentrations and stage using multinomial and multivariable logistic regression models. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders as well as multiple testing using false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Patients presented with 23, 28, 39 and 10% of Stages I-IV disease, respectively. Concentrations of sphingomyelin C26:0 were lower in Stage III patients compared to Stage I patients (pFDR < 0.05). Concentrations of sphingomyelin C18:0 and phosphatidylcholine (diacyl) C32:0 were statistically significantly higher, while citrulline, histidine, phosphatidylcholine (diacyl) C34:4, phosphatidylcholine (acyl-alkyl) C40:1 and lysophosphatidylcholines (acyl) C16:0 and C17:0 concentrations were lower in Stage IV compared to Stage I patients (pFDR < 0.05). Our results suggest that metabolic pathways involving among others citrulline and histidine, implicated previously in colorectal cancer development, may also be linked to colorectal cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J.M.R. Geijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eline H. van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - David Achaintre
- Biomarkers GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Jürgen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Martijn J.L. Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stéphanie O. Breukink
- Department of Surgery, GROW School for Oncology and Development BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Johannes H.W. de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal SurgeryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Audrey Gicquiau
- Biomarkers GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tanja Gumpenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bibi M.E. Hansson
- Department of SurgeryCanisius‐Wilhelmina HospitalNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | | | - Eric T.P. Keulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and GastroenterologyZuyderland Medical CenterSittardThe Netherlands
| | - Janna L. Koole
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | - Martin A. Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Petra Schrotz‐King
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Anton Stift
- Department of SurgeryMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Evertine Wesselink
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Moniek van Zutphen
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Genome BiologyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Biomarkers GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | | | - Alexis B. Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Matty P. Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Dieuwertje E. Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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Hassan HA, Ammar NM, Serag A, Shaker OG, El Gendy AN, Abdel-Hamid AHZ. Metabolomics driven analysis of obesity-linked colorectal cancer patients via GC-MS and chemometrics: A pilot study. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Quercetin Suppresses AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis through Its Anti-Inflammation Effects in Mice. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9242601. [PMID: 32537472 PMCID: PMC7260625 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9242601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we explored the in vivo effects of quercetin, a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols with antioxidant effects, on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS). Thirty mice were randomly assigned into three groups: the control group, the AOM/DSS group, and the quercetin+AOM/DSS group. CRC was induced by AOM injection and a solution of 2% DSS in the drinking water. In the AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer mice model, quercetin treatment dramatically reduced the number and size of colon tumors. In addition, quercetin significantly restored the leukocyte counts by decreasing the inflammation caused by AOM/DSS. We also observed that the expression of oxidative stress markers, such as lipid peroxide (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD), and glutathione (GSH), could be reduced by quercetin, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory function of quercetin comes from its antioxidant effect. Moreover, potential biomarkers were identified with serum metabolite profiling. Increased levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-aminobutyrate, and 2-oxobutyrate and decreased levels of gentian violet, indole-3-methyl acetate, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, indoxyl sulfate, and indoxyl were also found in the AOM/DSS-treated mice. However, quercetin treatment successfully decreased the levels of 2-hydroxybutyrate, 2-aminobutyrate, 2-oxobutyrate, endocannabinoids, and sphinganine and increased the levels of gentian violet, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, indoxyl sulfate, and indoxyl. Together, our data demonstrated that quercetin could maintain relatively potent antitumor activities against colorectal cancer in vivo through its anti-inflammation effect.
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Clos-Garcia M, Garcia K, Alonso C, Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta M, D’Amato M, Crespo A, Iglesias A, Cubiella J, Bujanda L, Falcón-Pérez JM. Integrative Analysis of Fecal Metagenomics and Metabolomics in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1142. [PMID: 32370168 PMCID: PMC7281174 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of death in developed countries, current diagnostic tests for early disease stages are suboptimal. We have performed a combination of UHPLC-MS metabolomics and 16S microbiome analyses on 224 feces samples in order to identify early biomarkers for both advanced adenomas (AD) and CRC. We report differences in fecal levels of cholesteryl esters and sphingolipids in CRC. We identified Fusobacterium, Parvimonas and Staphylococcus to be increased in CRC patients and Lachnospiraceae family to be reduced. We finally described Adlercreutzia to be more abundant in AD patients' feces. Integration of metabolomics and microbiome data revealed tight interactions between bacteria and host and performed better than FOB test for CRC diagnosis. This study identifies potential early biomarkers that outperform current diagnostic tools and frame them into the stablished gut microbiota role in CRC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Clos-Garcia
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Koldo Garcia
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Genética Gastrointestinal, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (K.G.); (M.D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, 48160 Bizkaia, Spain; (C.A.); (M.I.-L.)
| | | | - Mauro D’Amato
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Genética Gastrointestinal, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain; (K.G.); (M.D.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Sciences, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anais Crespo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Galicia Sur, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Agueda Iglesias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Galicia Sur, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Galicia Sur, 32005 Ourense, Spain; (A.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Biodonostia, Grupo de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Juan Manuel Falcón-Pérez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Sciences, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
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Sato T, Kawasaki Y, Maekawa M, Takasaki S, Shimada S, Morozumi K, Sato M, Kawamorita N, Yamashita S, Mitsuzuka K, Mano N, Ito A. Accurate quantification of urinary metabolites for predictive models manifest clinicopathology of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2570-2578. [PMID: 32350988 PMCID: PMC7385347 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using surgically resected tissue, we identified characteristic metabolites related to the diagnosis and malignant status of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Specifically, we quantified these metabolites in urine samples to evaluate their potential as clinically useful noninvasive biomarkers of ccRCC. Between January 2016 and August 2018, we collected urine samples from 87 patients who had pathologically diagnosed ccRCC and from 60 controls who were patients with benign urological conditions. Metabolite concentrations in urine samples were investigated using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry with an internal standard and adjustment based on urinary creatinine levels. We analyzed the association between metabolite concentration and predictability of diagnosis and of malignant status by multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to establish ccRCC predictive models. Of the 47 metabolites identified in our previous study, we quantified 33 metabolites in the urine samples. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed 5 metabolites (l‐glutamic acid, lactate, d‐sedoheptulose 7‐phosphate, 2‐hydroxyglutarate, and myoinositol) for a diagnostic predictive model and 4 metabolites (l‐kynurenine, l‐glutamine, fructose 6‐phosphate, and butyrylcarnitine) for a predictive model for clinical stage III/IV. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic predictive model were 93.1% and 95.0%, respectively, yielding an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.966. The sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model for clinical stage were 88.5% and 75.4%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.837. In conclusion, quantitative analysis of urinary metabolites yielded predictive models for diagnosis and malignant status of ccRCC. Urinary metabolites have the potential to be clinically useful noninvasive biomarkers of ccRCC to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Sato
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kawasaki
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinya Takasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimada
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kento Morozumi
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sato
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawamorita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Wu J, Wu M, Wu Q. Identification of potential metabolite markers for colon cancer and rectal cancer using serum metabolomics. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23333. [PMID: 32281150 PMCID: PMC7439421 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the metabolic characteristics of patients with colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS)‐based metabolomics. Methods In this study, serum samples were collected from 22 CC patients and 23 RC patients preoperatively and postoperatively and 45 healthy volunteers (HVs), and subjected to metabolomics analysis by GC‐MS. Differential metabolites in the preoperative RC and CC samples and HVs were identified as potential biomarkers and evaluated for their utilities by receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results The different metabolic markers between CC and RC patients were identified, which may assist in distinguishing the two types of cancers. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.805 for combination of d‐glucose and d‐mannose for CC diagnosis, and 0.889 for combination of 2‐aminobutanoic acid, 3‐hydroxypyridine, d‐glucose, d‐mannose, isoleucine, l‐tryptophan, urea, and uric acid for RC diagnosis. The combinations of metabolite markers showed a better predictability than CEA and CA199 two commonly used protein markers for CRC diagnosis in clinical practice. Combining the metabolite markers with these two protein markers effectively improved the diagnostic accuracy with the AUC reaching 0.936 and 0.937 for CC and RC diagnosis, respectively. Conclusions Metabolic profiles are different in the blood samples between CC and RC patients. The study has established a panel of metabolic markers as a predictive and multiplexing signature for CC and RC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianxia Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bürtin F, Mullins CS, Linnebacher M. Mouse models of colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1394-1426. [PMID: 32308343 PMCID: PMC7152519 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i13.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common diagnosed malignancy among both sexes in the United States as well as in the European Union. While the incidence and mortality rates in western, high developed countries are declining, reflecting the success of screening programs and improved treatment regimen, a rise of the overall global CRC burden can be observed due to lifestyle changes paralleling an increasing human development index. Despite a growing insight into the biology of CRC and many therapeutic improvements in the recent decades, preclinical in vivo models are still indispensable for the development of new treatment approaches. Since the development of carcinogen-induced rodent models for CRC more than 80 years ago, a plethora of animal models has been established to study colon cancer biology. Despite tenuous invasiveness and metastatic behavior, these models are useful for chemoprevention studies and to evaluate colitis-related carcinogenesis. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) mirror the pathogenesis of sporadic as well as inherited CRC depending on the specific molecular pathways activated or inhibited. Although the vast majority of CRC GEMM lack invasiveness, metastasis and tumor heterogeneity, they still have proven useful for examination of the tumor microenvironment as well as systemic immune responses; thus, supporting development of new therapeutic avenues. Induction of metastatic disease by orthotopic injection of CRC cell lines is possible, but the so generated models lack genetic diversity and the number of suited cell lines is very limited. Patient-derived xenografts, in contrast, maintain the pathological and molecular characteristics of the individual patient’s CRC after subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice and are therefore most reliable for preclinical drug development – even in comparison to GEMM or cell line-based analyses. However, subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft models are less suitable for studying most aspects of the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumoral immune responses. The authors review the distinct mouse models of CRC with an emphasis on their clinical relevance and shed light on the latest developments in the field of preclinical CRC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bürtin
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Christina S Mullins
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
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Xiong Y, Shi C, Zhong F, Liu X, Yang P. LC-MS/MS and SWATH based serum metabolomics enables biomarker discovery in pancreatic cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:214-221. [PMID: 32243985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death because of its subtle clinical symptoms in the early stage. To discover particular serum metabolites as potential biomarkers to differentiate pancreatic carcinoma from benign disease (BD) is on urgent demand. METHOD To comprehensively analyze serum metabolites obtained from 14 patients with PC, 10 patients with BD and 10 healthy individuals (normal control, NC), we separated the metabolites using both reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). The data were acquired on a high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer operated in negative (ESI-) and positive (ESI+) ionization modes, respectively. Differential metabolites were selected by univariate (Student's t test) and multivariate (orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)) statistics. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra (SWATH) analysis was further utilized to validate the metabolites found in discovery stage. The receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate predictive clinical usefulness of 8 metabolites. RESULTS A total of 8 metabolites including taurocholic acid, glycochenodexycholic acid, glycocholic acid, L-glutamine, glutamic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, and L-arginine were identified and relatively quantified as differential metabolites for discriminating PC, BD and NC. The 8 metabolites and their combination discriminated PC from BD and NC with well-performed area under the curve (AUC) values, sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION Bile acids (especially taurocholic acid) performed to be potential biomarkers in PC diagnosis. Other amino acids (such as L-glutamine, glutamic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, and L-arginine) in serum samples from PC patients might provide a sensitive, blood-borne diagnostic signature for the presence of PC or its precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Xiong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, No. 1278th Baode Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Fan Zhong
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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60
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Zhang F, Li C, Deng K, Wang Z, Zhao W, Yang K, Yang C, Rong Z, Cao L, Lu Y, Huang Y, Han P, Li K. Metabolic phenotyping to monitor chronic enteritis canceration. Metabolomics 2020; 16:29. [PMID: 32095917 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an incurable disease. Previous metabolomic studies show that metabolic signatures in plasma distinguish CRC patients from healthy controls. Chronic enteritis (CE) represents a risk factor for CRC, with a 20 fold greater incidence than in healthy individuals. However, no studies have performed metabolomic profiling to investigate CRC biomarkers in CE. OBJECTIVE Our aims were to identify metabolomic signatures in CRC and CE and to search for blood-derived metabolite biomarkers distinguishing CRC from CE, especially early-stage biomarkers. METHODS In this case-control study, 612 subjects were prospectively recruited between May 2015 and May 2016, and including 539 CRC patients (stage I, 102 cases; stage II, 259 cases; stage III, 178 cases) and 73 CE patients. Untargeted metabolomics was performed to identify CRC-related metabolic signatures in CE. RESULTS Five pathways were significantly enriched based on 153 differential metabolites between CRC and CE. 16 biomarkers were identified for diagnosis of CRC from CE and for guiding CRC staging. The AUC value for CRC diagnosis in the external validation set was 0.85. Good diagnostic performances were also achieved for early-stage CRC (stage I and stage II), with an AUC value of 0.84. The biomarker panel could also stage CRC patients, with an AUC of 0.72 distinguishing stage I from stage II CRC and AUC of 0.74 distinguishing stage II from stage III CRC. CONCLUSIONS The identified metabolic biomarkers exhibit promising properties for CRC monitoring in CE patients and are superior to commonly used clinical biomarkers (CEA and CA19-9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of Hematology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Kui Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhuozhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhiwei Rong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yaxin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Loktionov A. Biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancer non-invasively: DNA, RNA or proteins? World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:124-148. [PMID: 32104546 PMCID: PMC7031146 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global problem affecting millions of people worldwide. This disease is unique because of its slow progress that makes it preventable and often curable. CRC symptoms usually emerge only at advanced stages of the disease, consequently its early detection can be achieved only through active population screening, which markedly reduces mortality due to this cancer. CRC screening tests that employ non-invasively detectable biomarkers are currently being actively developed and, in most cases, samples of either stool or blood are used. However, alternative biological substances that can be collected non-invasively (colorectal mucus, urine, saliva, exhaled air) have now emerged as new sources of diagnostic biomarkers. The main categories of currently explored CRC biomarkers are: (1) Proteins (comprising widely used haemoglobin); (2) DNA (including mutations and methylation markers); (3) RNA (in particular microRNAs); (4) Low molecular weight metabolites (comprising volatile organic compounds) detectable by metabolomic techniques; and (5) Shifts in gut microbiome composition. Numerous tests for early CRC detection employing such non-invasive biomarkers have been proposed and clinically studied. While some of these studies generated promising early results, very few of the proposed tests have been transformed into clinically validated diagnostic/screening techniques. Such DNA-based tests as Food and Drug Administration-approved multitarget stool test (marketed as Cologuard®) or blood test for methylated septin 9 (marketed as Epi proColon® 2.0 CE) show good diagnostic performance but remain too expensive and technically complex to become effective CRC screening tools. It can be concluded that, despite its deficiencies, the protein (haemoglobin) detection-based faecal immunochemical test (FIT) today presents the most cost-effective option for non-invasive CRC screening. The combination of non-invasive FIT and confirmatory invasive colonoscopy is the current strategy of choice for CRC screening. However, continuing intense research in the area promises the emergence of new superior non-invasive CRC screening tests that will allow the development of improved disease prevention strategies.
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Garza DR, Taddese R, Wirbel J, Zeller G, Boleij A, Huynen MA, Dutilh BE. Metabolic models predict bacterial passengers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2020; 8:3. [PMID: 32055399 PMCID: PMC7008539 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-0208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex multifactorial disease. Increasing evidence suggests that the microbiome is involved in different stages of CRC initiation and progression. Beyond specific pro-oncogenic mechanisms found in pathogens, metagenomic studies indicate the existence of a microbiome signature, where particular bacterial taxa are enriched in the metagenomes of CRC patients. Here, we investigate to what extent the abundance of bacterial taxa in CRC metagenomes can be explained by the growth advantage resulting from the presence of specific CRC metabolites in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS We composed lists of metabolites and bacteria that are enriched on CRC samples by reviewing metabolomics experimental literature and integrating data from metagenomic case-control studies. We computationally evaluated the growth effect of CRC enriched metabolites on over 1500 genome-based metabolic models of human microbiome bacteria. We integrated the metabolomics data and the mechanistic models by using scores that quantify the response of bacterial biomass production to CRC-enriched metabolites and used these scores to rank bacteria as potential CRC passengers. RESULTS We found that metabolic networks of bacteria that are significantly enriched in CRC metagenomic samples either depend on metabolites that are more abundant in CRC samples or specifically benefit from these metabolites for biomass production. This suggests that metabolic alterations in the cancer environment are a major component shaping the CRC microbiome. CONCLUSION Here, we show with in sillico models that supplementing the intestinal environment with CRC metabolites specifically predicts the outgrowth of CRC-associated bacteria. We thus mechanistically explain why a range of CRC passenger bacteria are associated with CRC, enhancing our understanding of this disease. Our methods are applicable to other microbial communities, since it allows the systematic investigation of how shifts in the microbiome can be explained from changes in the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Garza
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahwa Taddese
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB Netherlands
| | - Jakob Wirbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbus 9101, 6500 Nijmegen, HB Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas E. Dutilh
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Postbus 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sience4Life, Utrecht University, Hugo R. Kruytgebouw, Room Z-509, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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63
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Gao Y, Teo YCK, Beuerman RW, Wong TY, Zhou L, Cheung CMG. A serum metabolomics study of patients with nAMD in response to anti-VEGF therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1341. [PMID: 31992792 PMCID: PMC6987119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is the current standard of treatment for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), but there are no diagnostic tools to predict response of these therapies. We hypothesize that differences in baseline metabolic profiles of patients with nAMD may influence responsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy, and thus provide prognosticating information for these patients. A prospective study was performed on 100 patients with nAMD treated with anti-VEGF therapy. We classified patients into two groups: responders (n = 54) and non-responders (n = 46). The expression levels of glycerophosphocholine,LysoPC (18:2) and PS (18:0/20:4) were higher in non-responders and these findings were verified in the validation cohort, implicating that reductions in these three metabolites can be used as predictors for responsiveness to anti-VEGF therapy during the initial loading phase for patients with nAMD. Our study also provided new insights into the pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanism of anti- VEGF therapy for nAMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Chong Kelvin Teo
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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64
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Kowalczyk T, Ciborowski M, Kisluk J, Kretowski A, Barbas C. Mass spectrometry based proteomics and metabolomics in personalized oncology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165690. [PMID: 31962175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine (PM) means the customization of healthcare with decisions and practices adjusted to the individual patient. It includes personalized diagnostics, patients' sub-classification, individual treatment selection and the monitoring of its effectiveness. Currently, in oncology, PM is based on the molecular and cellular features of a tumor, its microenvironment and the patient's genetics and lifestyle. Surprisingly, the available targeted therapies were found effective only in a subset of patients. An in-depth understanding of tumor biology is crucial to improve their effectiveness and develop new therapeutic targets. Completion of genetic information with proteomics and metabolomics can give broader knowledge about tumor biology which consequently provides novel biomarkers and indicates new therapeutic targets. Recently, metabolomics and proteomics have extensively been applied in the field of oncology. In the context of PM, human studies, with the use of mass spectrometry (MS) which allows the detection of thousands of molecules in a large number of samples, are the most valuable. Such studies, focused on cancer biomarkers discovery or patients' stratification, are presented in this review. Moreover, the technical aspects of MS-based clinical proteomics and metabolomics are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisluk
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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65
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Yu J, Zhao J, Zhang M, Guo J, Liu X, Liu L. Metabolomics studies in gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:9-25. [PMID: 31786962 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1700112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This systemic review provides an overview of metabolic perturbations and possible mechanisms in gastrointestinal cancer. The authors discuss emerging challenges of technical and clinical applications.Areas covered: In this systemic review, the authors summarized the currently available results of metabolomic biomarkers linked to GI cancer, and discussed the altered metabolism pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipids, and nucleotide metabolism and other metabolisms. Furthermore, future efforts need to adhere to normalize analysis procedures, validate with the larger cohort and utilize multiple-omics technologies. The search was conducted in PubMed with the following search terms (biomarker, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer) from 2013 to 2019.Expert opinion: This systemic review summarized the currently available results of metabolomic biomarkers linked to gastrointestinal cancer, and discussed the altered metabolism pathways. The authors believe that metabolomics will benefit deeper understandings of the pathogenic mechanism, discovery of biomarkers and aid the search for drug targets as we move toward the era of personalized medicine. Personalized medication for tumors can improve the curative effect, avoid side effects and medical resource waste. As a promisingtool, metabolomics that targets the entire cancer-specific metabolite network should be applied more widely in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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Martín-Blázquez A, Díaz C, González-Flores E, Franco-Rivas D, Jiménez-Luna C, Melguizo C, Prados J, Genilloud O, Vicente F, Caba O, Pérez Del Palacio J. Untargeted LC-HRMS-based metabolomics to identify novel biomarkers of metastatic colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20198. [PMID: 31882610 PMCID: PMC6934557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the main causes of cancer death worldwide, and novel biomarkers are urgently needed for its early diagnosis and treatment. The utilization of metabolomics to identify and quantify metabolites in body fluids may allow the detection of changes in their concentrations that could serve as diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer and may also represent new therapeutic targets. Metabolomics generates a pathophysiological ‘fingerprint’ that is unique to each individual. The purpose of our study was to identify a differential metabolomic signature for metastatic colorectal cancer. Serum samples from 60 healthy controls and 65 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were studied by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry in an untargeted metabolomic approach. Multivariate analysis revealed a separation between patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and healthy controls, who significantly differed in serum concentrations of one endocannabinoid, two glycerophospholipids, and two sphingolipids. These findings demonstrate that metabolomics using liquid-chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry offers a potent diagnostic tool for metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Martín-Blázquez
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Franco-Rivas
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Spain
| | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), SAS-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Pérez Del Palacio
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Granada, Spain
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Barberini L, Restivo A, Noto A, Deidda S, Fattuoni C, Fanos V, Saba L, Zorcolo L, Mussap M. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomic approach in human colorectal cancer (CRC): the emerging role of monosaccharides and amino acids. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:727. [PMID: 32042743 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been confirmed to be the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females. We investigated the blood plasma metabolome in CRC patients and in healthy adults to elucidate the role of monosaccharides, amino acids, and their respective metabolic pathways as prognostic factors in patients with CRC. Methods Fifteen patients with CRC and nine healthy adults were enrolled in the study and their blood plasma samples analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Univariate Student's t-test, multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were conducted on MetaboAnalyst 4.0. The analysis of metabolic profiles was carried out by the web-based extension Metabolite Sets Enrichment Analysis (MSEA). Results Overall, 125 metabolites were identified in plasma samples by GC-MS. In CRC patient samples, nine metabolites, including D-mannose and fructose, were significantly more abundant than in controls; conversely, eleven amino derivatives were less abundant, including methionine, valine, lysine, and proline. Methionine was significantly less abundant in died patients compared with survivors. The most significantly altered metabolic pathways in CRC patients are those involving monosaccharides (primarily the catabolic pathway of fructose and D-mannose), and amino acids (primarily methionine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine). Conclusions The abundance of D-mannose in CRC patient samples contributes to inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, while the abundance of fructose may be consistent either with low consumption of fructose by aerobic glycolysis within cancer cells or with a high bioavailability of fructose from diet. The reduction in methionine concentration may be related to increased activity of the threonine and methionine catabolic pathways, confirmed by high levels of α-hydroxybutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barberini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Noto
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simona Deidda
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Fattuoni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Saba
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Zorcolo
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Mussap
- Laboratory Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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68
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Geijsen AJ, Brezina S, Keski‐Rahkonen P, Baierl A, Bachleitner‐Hofmann T, Bergmann MM, Boehm J, Brenner H, Chang‐Claude J, van Duijnhoven FJ, Gigic B, Gumpenberger T, Hofer P, Hoffmeister M, Holowatyj AN, Karner‐Hanusch J, Kok DE, Leeb G, Ulvik A, Robinot N, Ose J, Stift A, Schrotz‐King P, Ulrich AB, Ueland PM, Kampman E, Scalbert A, Habermann N, Gsur A, Ulrich CM. Plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer: A discovery-replication strategy. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1221-1231. [PMID: 30665271 PMCID: PMC6614008 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is known to arise from multiple tumorigenic pathways; however, the underlying mechanisms remain not completely understood. Metabolomics is becoming an increasingly popular tool in assessing biological processes. Previous metabolomics research focusing on colorectal cancer is limited by sample size and did not replicate findings in independent study populations to verify robustness of reported findings. Here, we performed a ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) screening on EDTA plasma from 268 colorectal cancer patients and 353 controls using independent discovery and replication sets from two European cohorts (ColoCare Study: n = 180 patients/n = 153 controls; the Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria (CORSA) n = 88 patients/n = 200 controls), aiming to identify circulating plasma metabolites associated with colorectal cancer and to improve knowledge regarding colorectal cancer etiology. Multiple logistic regression models were used to test the association between disease state and metabolic features. Statistically significant associated features in the discovery set were taken forward and tested in the replication set to assure robustness of our findings. All models were adjusted for sex, age, BMI and smoking status and corrected for multiple testing using False Discovery Rate. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from questionnaires and medical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J.M.R. Geijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | | | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations ResearchUniversity of ViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Juergen Boehm
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jenny Chang‐Claude
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyGerman Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Tanja Gumpenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Hofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreana N. Holowatyj
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | - Dieuwertje E. Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Anton Stift
- Department of SurgeryMedical University ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Schrotz‐King
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | - Alexis B. Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Biomarkers GroupInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive OncologyNational Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Genome BiologyEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine IMedical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer InstituteSalt Lake CityUT
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT
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69
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Beuchel C, Becker S, Dittrich J, Kirsten H, Toenjes A, Stumvoll M, Loeffler M, Thiele H, Beutner F, Thiery J, Ceglarek U, Scholz M. Clinical and lifestyle related factors influencing whole blood metabolite levels - A comparative analysis of three large cohorts. Mol Metab 2019; 29:76-85. [PMID: 31668394 PMCID: PMC6734104 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Human blood metabolites are influenced by a number of lifestyle and environmental factors. Identification of these factors and the proper quantification of their relevance provides insights into human biological and metabolic disease processes, is key for standardized translation of metabolite biomarkers into clinical applications, and is a prerequisite for comparability of data between studies. However, so far only limited data exist from large and well-phenotyped human cohorts and current methods for analysis do not fully account for the characteristics of these data. The primary aim of this study was to identify, quantify and compare the impact of a comprehensive set of clinical and lifestyle related factors on metabolite levels in three large human cohorts. To achieve this goal, we improve current methodology by developing a principled analysis approach, which could be translated to other cohorts and metabolite panels. Methods 63 Metabolites (amino acids, acylcarnitines) were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in three cohorts (total N = 16,222). Supported by a simulation study evaluating various analytical approaches, we developed an analysis pipeline including preprocessing, identification, and quantification of factors affecting metabolite levels. We comprehensively identified uni- and multivariable metabolite associations considering 29 environmental and clinical factors and performed metabolic pathway enrichment and network analyses. Results Inverse normal transformation of batch corrected and outlier removed metabolite levels accompanied by linear regression analysis proved to be the best suited method to deal with the metabolite data. Association analyses revealed numerous uni- and multivariable significant associations. 15 of the analyzed 29 factors explained >1% of variance for at least one of the metabolites. Strongest factors are application of steroid hormones, reticulocytes, waist-to-hip ratio, sex, haematocrit, and age. Effect sizes of factors are comparable across studies. Conclusions We introduced a principled approach for the analysis of MS data allowing identification, and quantification of effects of clinical and lifestyle factors with metabolite levels. We detected a number of known and novel associations broadening our understanding of the regulation of the human metabolome. The large heterogeneity observed between cohorts could almost completely be explained by differences in the distribution of influencing factors emphasizing the necessity of a proper confounder analysis when interpreting metabolite associations. Amino-acids and acylcarnitines analyzed in three studies with >16,000 individuals. Develop a generic and adaptable bioinformatics workflow. Analysis of the impact of 29 clinical and life-style factors on blood metabolites. Analysis of network between factors and metabolites. Comparison of results between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Beuchel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susen Becker
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Dittrich
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Toenjes
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE - Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; IFB Adiposity Diseases, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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70
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Hong JT, Kim ER. Current state and future direction of screening tool for colorectal cancer. World J Meta-Anal 2019; 7:184-208. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v7.i5.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second-most-common cause of cancer death, colorectal cancer (CRC) has been recognized as one of the biggest health concerns in advanced countries. The 5-year survival rate for patients with early-stage CRC is significantly better than that for patients with CRC detected at a late stage. The primary target for CRC screening and prevention is advanced neoplasia, which includes both CRC itself, as well as benign but histologically advanced adenomas that are at increased risk for progression to malignancy. Prevention of CRC through detection of advanced adenomas is important. It is, therefore, necessary to develop more efficient detection methods to enable earlier detection and therefore better prognosis. Although a number of CRC diagnostic methods are currently used for early detection, including stool-based tests, traditional colonoscopy, etc., they have not shown optimal results due to several limitations. Hence, development of more reliable screening methods is required in order to detect the disease at an early stage. New screening tools also need to be able to accurately diagnose CRC and advanced adenoma, help guide treatment, and predict the prognosis along with being relatively simple and non-invasive. As part of such efforts, many proposals for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms have been introduced. For example, metabolomics, referring to the scientific study of the metabolism of living organisms, has been shown to be a possible approach for discovering CRC-related biomarkers. In addition, a growing number of high-performance screening methodologies could facilitate biomarker identification. In the present, evidence-based review, the authors summarize the current state as recognized by the recent guideline recommendation from the American Cancer Society, US Preventive Services Task Force and the United States Multi-Society Task Force and discuss future direction of screening tools for colorectal cancer. Further, we highlight the most interesting publications on new screening tools, like molecular biomarkers and metabolomics, and discuss these in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Taek Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, South Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, South Korea
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71
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Saus E, Iraola-Guzmán S, Willis JR, Brunet-Vega A, Gabaldón T. Microbiome and colorectal cancer: Roles in carcinogenesis and clinical potential. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 69:93-106. [PMID: 31082399 PMCID: PMC6856719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors most of the microbiota associated with humans. In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in assessing the relationships between the gut microbiota and several gut alterations, including colorectal cancer. Changes in the gut microbiota in patients suffering colorectal cancer suggest a possible role of host-microbe interactions in the origin and development of this malignancy and, at the same time, open the door for novel ways of preventing, diagnosing, or treating this disease. In this review we survey current knowledge on the healthy microbiome of the gut and how it is altered in colorectal cancer and other related disease conditions. In describing past studies we will critically assess technical limitations of different approaches and point to existing challenges in microbiome research. We will have a special focus on host-microbiome interaction mechanisms that may be important to explain how dysbiosis can lead to chronic inflammation and drive processes that influence carcinogenesis and tumor progression in colon cancer. Finally, we will discuss the potential of recent developments of novel microbiota-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Saus
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susana Iraola-Guzmán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesse R Willis
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Brunet-Vega
- Oncology Service, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain.
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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72
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Hashim NAA, Ab-Rahim S, Suddin LS, Saman MSA, Mazlan M. Global serum metabolomics profiling of colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:3-14. [PMID: 31289671 PMCID: PMC6535638 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on the use of invasive tools such as colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Non-invasive tools are less sensitive in detecting the disease, particularly in the early stage. A number of researchers have used metabolomics analyses on serum/plasma samples of patients with CRC compared with normal healthy individuals in an effort to identify biomarkers for CRC. The aim of the present review is to compare reported serum metabolomics profiles of CRC and to identify common metabolites affected among these studies. A literature search was performed to include any experimental studies on global metabolomics profile of CRC using serum/plasma samples published up to March 2018. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was used to assess the quality of the studies reviewed. In total, nine studies were included. The studies used various analytical platforms and were performed on different populations. A pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the data from all the studies under review. The most affected pathways identified were protein biosynthesis, urea cycle, ammonia recycling, alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and citric acid cycle. The metabolomics analysis revealed levels of metabolites of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaerobic respiration, protein, lipid and glutathione metabolism were significantly different between cancer and control samples. Although the majority of differentiating metabolites identified were different in the different studies, there were several metabolites that were common. These metabolites include pyruvic acid, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, creatinine and ornithine. The consistent dysregulation of these metabolites among the different studies suggest the possibility of common diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Azmir Amir Hashim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab-Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Leny Suzana Suddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahril Ahmad Saman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
| | - Musalmah Mazlan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Sungai Buloh, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
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73
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Ling HH, Pan YP, Fan CW, Tseng WK, Huang JS, Wu TH, Chou WC, Wang CH, Yeh KY, Chang PH. Clinical Significance of Serum Glutamine Level in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040898. [PMID: 31010101 PMCID: PMC6521237 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited studies have assessed the associations of pretreatment serum glutamine level with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. This study focuses on clarifying the clinical significance of baseline serum glutamine level in CRC patients. We retrospectively examine 123 patients with newly diagnosed CRC between 2009 and 2011. The associations of pretreatment serum glutamine level with clinicopathological characteristics, proinflammatory cytokines, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. We executed univariate and multivariate analyses to assess the associations between serum glutamine level and clinicopathological variables able to predict survival. Low glutamine levels were associated with older age, advanced stage, decreased albumin levels, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels, higher C-reactive protein levels, higher modified Glasgow prognostic scores, and higher proinflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, patients with low glutamine levels had poorer OS and PFS than those with high glutamine levels (p < 0.001 for both). In multivariate analysis, pretreatment glutamine level independently predicted OS (p = 0.016) and PFS (p = 0.037) in CRC patients. Pretreatment serum glutamine level constitutes an independent prognostic marker to predict survival and progression in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Huong Ling
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ping Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Wei Fan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ko Tseng
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Seng Huang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Han Wu
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Hung Chang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
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74
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Chen J, Hou H, Chen H, Luo Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang F, Liu Y, Wang A, Hu Q. Urinary metabolomics for discovering metabolic biomarkers of laryngeal cancer using UPLC-QTOF/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 167:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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75
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Amino Acid Biosignature in Plasma among Ischemic Stroke Subtypes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8480468. [PMID: 30800679 PMCID: PMC6360633 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8480468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurovascular disorder caused by reduced or blockage of blood flow to the brain, which may permanently affect motor and cognitive abilities. The diagnostic of stroke is performed using imaging technologies, clinical evaluation, and neuropsychological protocols, but no blood test is available yet. In this work, we analyzed amino acid concentrations in blood plasma from poststroke patients in order to identify differences that could characterize the stroke etiology. Plasma concentrations of sixteen amino acids from patients with chronic ischemic stroke (n = 73) and the control group (n = 16) were determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentration data was processed by Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to classify patients with stroke and control. The amino acid analysis generated a first model able to discriminate ischemic stroke patients from control group. Proline was the most important amino acid for classification of the stroke samples in PLS-DA, followed by lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, and glycine, and while higher levels of methionine and alanine were mostly related to the control samples. The second model was able to discriminate the stroke subtypes like atherothrombotic etiology from cardioembolic and lacunar etiologies, with lysine, leucine, and cysteine plasmatic concentrations being the most important metabolites. Our results suggest an amino acid biosignature for patients with chronic stroke in plasma samples, which can be helpful in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics of these patients.
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76
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Zaimenko I, Jaeger C, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Grötzinger C, Detjen K, Burock S, Schmitt CA, Stein U, Lisec J. Non-invasive metastasis prognosis from plasma metabolites in stage II colorectal cancer patients: The DACHS study. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:221-231. [PMID: 30560999 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death from colorectal cancer (CRC). About 20% of stage II CRC patients develop metastasis during the course of disease. We performed metabolic profiling of plasma samples from non-metastasized and metachronously metastasized stage II CRC patients to assess the potential of plasma metabolites to serve as biomarkers for stratification of stage II CRC patients according to metastasis risk. We compared the metabolic profiles of plasma samples prospectively obtained prior to metastasis formation from non-metastasized vs. metachronously metastasized stage II CRC patients of the German population-based case-control multicenter DACHS study retrospectively. Plasma samples were analyzed from stage II CRC patients for whom follow-up data including the information on metachronous metastasis were available. To identify metabolites distinguishing non-metastasized from metachronously metastasized stage II CRC patients robust supervised classifications using decision trees and support vector machines were performed and verified by 10-fold cross-validation, by nested cross-validation and by traditional validation using training and test sets. We found that metabolic profiles distinguish non-metastasized from metachronously metastasized stage II CRC patients. Classification models from decision trees and support vector machines with 10-fold cross-validation gave average accuracy of 0.75 (sensitivity 0.79, specificity 0.7) and 0.82 (sensitivity 0.85, specificity 0.77), respectively, correctly predicting metachronous metastasis in stage II CRC patients. Taken together, plasma metabolic profiles distinguished non-metastasized and metachronously metastasized stage II CRC patients. The classification models consisting of few metabolites stratify non-invasively stage II CRC patients according to their risk for metachronous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Zaimenko
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Grötzinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Detjen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susen Burock
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Lisec
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Analytical Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
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77
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Wang Z, Cui B, Zhang F, Yang Y, Shen X, Li Z, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Deng K, Rong Z, Yang K, Yu X, Li K, Han P, Zhu ZJ. Development of a Correlative Strategy To Discover Colorectal Tumor Tissue Derived Metabolite Biomarkers in Plasma Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2018; 91:2401-2408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | - Xiaotao Shen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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78
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Sirniö P, Väyrynen JP, Klintrup K, Mäkelä J, Karhu T, Herzig KH, Minkkinen I, Mäkinen MJ, Karttunen TJ, Tuomisto A. Alterations in serum amino-acid profile in the progression of colorectal cancer: associations with systemic inflammation, tumour stage and patient survival. Br J Cancer 2018; 120:238-246. [PMID: 30563990 PMCID: PMC6342921 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a complex wasting syndrome affecting patients with advanced cancer, with systemic inflammation as a key component in pathogenesis. Protein degradation and release of amino acids (AAs) in skeletal muscle are stimulated in cachexia. Here, we define factors contributing to serum AA levels in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Serum levels of nine AAs were characterised in 336 CRC patients and their relationships with 20 markers of systemic inflammatory reaction, clinicopathological features of cancers and patient survival were analysed. RESULTS Low serum glutamine and histidine levels and high phenylalanine levels associated with indicators of systemic inflammation, including high modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, high blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and high serum levels of CRP, IL-6 and IL-8. Low levels of serum glutamine, histidine, alanine and high glycine levels also associated with advanced cancer stage and with poor cancer-specific survival in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS In CRC, serum AA levels are associated with systemic inflammation and disease stage. These findings may reflect muscle catabolism induced by systemic inflammation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Sirniö
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kai Klintrup
- Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jyrki Mäkelä
- Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Karhu
- Department of Physiology, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilkka Minkkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus J Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Tuomisto
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. .,Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, POB 21, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
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79
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Marchand CR, Farshidfar F, Rattner J, Bathe OF. A Framework for Development of Useful Metabolomic Biomarkers and Their Effective Knowledge Translation. Metabolites 2018; 8:E59. [PMID: 30274369 PMCID: PMC6316283 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advantages of metabolomic biomarkers, no diagnostic tests based on metabolomics have been introduced to clinical use. There are many reasons for this, centered around substantial obstacles in developing clinically useful metabolomic biomarkers. Most significant is the need for interdisciplinary teams with expertise in metabolomics, analysis of complex clinical and metabolomic data, and clinical care. Importantly, the clinical need must precede biomarker discovery, and the experimental design for discovery and validation must reflect the purpose of the biomarker. Standard operating procedures for procuring and handling samples must be developed from the beginning, to ensure experimental integrity. Assay design is another challenge, as there is not much precedent informing this. Another obstacle is that it is not yet clear how to protect any intellectual property related to metabolomic biomarkers. Viewing a metabolomic biomarker as a natural phenomenon would inhibit patent protection and potentially stifle commercial interest. However, demonstrating that a metabolomic biomarker is actually a derivative of a natural phenomenon that requires innovation would enhance investment in this field. Finally, effective knowledge translation strategies must be implemented, which will require engagement with end users (clinicians and lab physicians), patient advocate groups, policy makers, and payer organizations. Addressing each of these issues comprises the framework for introducing a metabolomic biomarker to practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calena R Marchand
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Farshad Farshidfar
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jodi Rattner
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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80
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An Y, Cai H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Wu X, Duan Y, Sun D, Chen X. Identification of ENTPD8 and cytidine in pancreatic cancer by metabolomic and transcriptomic conjoint analysis. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2811-2821. [PMID: 29987902 PMCID: PMC6125470 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify metabolic pathways that were perturbed in pancreatic cancer (PC), we investigated gene‐metabolite networks by integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic. In this research, we undertook the metabolomic study of 43 paired human PC samples, aiming to identify key metabolic alterations in PC. We also carried out in vitro experiments to validate that the key metabolite cytidine and its related gene ENTPD8 played an important role in PC cell proliferation. We screened out 13 metabolites differentially expressed in PC tissue (PCT) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis on 34 metabolites, and the partial least square discrimination analysis results revealed that 9 metabolites among them were remarkably altered in PCT compared to adjacent noncancerous tissue (variable importance in projection >1, P < .05). Among the 9 metabolites, 7 might be potential biomarkers. The most significantly enriched metabolic pathway was pyrimidine metabolism. We analyzed 351 differentially expressed genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas and intersected them with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways. We found that ENTPD8 had a gene‐metabolite association with cytidine in the CTP dephosphorylation pathway. We verified by in vitro experiments that the CTP dephosphorylation pathway was changed in PCT compared with adjacent noncancerous tissue. ENTPD8 was downregulated in PCT, causing a reduction in cytidine formation and hence weakened CTP dephosphorylation in pyrimidine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong An
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huihua Cai
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengyong Liu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinquan Wu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfei Duan
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donglin Sun
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Erben V, Bhardwaj M, Schrotz-King P, Brenner H. Metabolomics Biomarkers for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E246. [PMID: 30060469 PMCID: PMC6116151 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several approaches have been suggested to be useful in the early detection of colorectal neoplasms. Since metabolites are closely related to the phenotype and are available from different human bio-fluids, metabolomics are candidates for non-invasive early detection of colorectal neoplasms. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize current knowledge on performance characteristics of metabolomics biomarkers that are potentially applicable in a screening setting for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms. DESIGN We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and Web of Science and searched for biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal neoplasms in easy-to-collect human bio-fluids. Information on study design and performance characteristics for diagnostic accuracy was extracted. RESULTS Finally, we included 41 studies in our analysis investigating biomarkers in different bio-fluids (blood, urine, and feces). Although single metabolites mostly had limited ability to distinguish people with and without colorectal neoplasms, promising results were reported for metabolite panels, especially amino acid panels in blood samples, as well as nucleosides in urine samples in several studies. However, validation of the results is limited. CONCLUSIONS Panels of metabolites consisting of amino acids in blood and nucleosides in urinary samples might be useful biomarkers for early detection of advanced colorectal neoplasms. However, to make metabolomic biomarkers clinically applicable, future research in larger studies and external validation of the results is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Erben
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Megha Bhardwaj
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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82
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Jia H, Shen X, Guan Y, Xu M, Tu J, Mo M, Xie L, Yuan J, Zhang Z, Cai S, Zhu J, Zhu Z. Predicting the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation using untargeted metabolomics in locally advanced rectal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:548-556. [PMID: 30041962 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to identify a panel of potential metabolite biomarkers to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemo-radiation therapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics was used to profile human serum samples (n = 106) from LARC patients treated with NCRT. The samples were collected from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) from July 2014 to January 2016. Statistical methods, such as partial least squares (PLS) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test, were used to identify discriminative metabolites between NCRT-sensitive and NCRT-resistant patients according to their tumor regression grade (TRG). This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov, number NCT03149978. RESULTS A panel of metabolites was selected as potential predictive biomarkers of pathological response to NCRT. A total of 4810 metabolic peaks were detected, and 57 significantly dysregulated peaks were identified. These 57 metabolic peaks were used to differentiate patients using PLS in a dataset containing NCRT-sensitive (n = 56) and NCRT-resistant (n = 49) patients. The combination of 57 metabolic peaks had AUC values of 0.88, 0.81 and 0.84 in the prediction models using PLS, random forest, and support vector machine, respectively, suggesting that metabolomics has the potential ability to predict responses to NCRT. Furthermore, 15 metabolite biomarkers were identified and used to construct a logistic regression model and explore dysregulated metabolic pathways using untargeted metabolic profiling and data mining approaches. CONCLUSIONS A panel of metabolites has been identified to facilitate the prediction of tumor response to NCRT in LARC, which is promising for the generation of personalized treatment strategies for LARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixun Jia
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Xiaotao Shen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China
| | - Meimei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Tu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Miao Mo
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China.
| | - ZhengJiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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Lee PY, Chin SF, Low TY, Jamal R. Probing the colorectal cancer proteome for biomarkers: Current status and perspectives. J Proteomics 2018; 187:93-105. [PMID: 29953962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Biomarkers that can facilitate better clinical management of CRC are in high demand to improve patient outcome and to reduce mortality. In this regard, proteomic analysis holds a promising prospect in the hunt of novel biomarkers for CRC and in understanding the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress of proteomic research, focusing on discovery and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. We will summarize the contributions of proteomic strategies to recent discoveries of protein biomarkers for CRC and also briefly discuss the potential and challenges of different proteomic approaches in biomarker discovery and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pey Yee Lee
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siok-Fong Chin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Villéger R, Lopès A, Veziant J, Gagnière J, Barnich N, Billard E, Boucher D, Bonnet M. Microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection and/or prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2327-2347. [PMID: 29904241 PMCID: PMC6000297 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i22.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbial-based test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, and the potential use of microbial variation markers for non-invasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Amélie Lopès
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Research Biologics, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France
| | - Julie Veziant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Johan Gagnière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Delphine Boucher
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
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85
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Le Y, Zhang S, Ni J, You Y, Luo K, Yu Y, Shen X. Sorting nexin 10 controls mTOR activation through regulating amino-acid metabolism in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:666. [PMID: 29867114 PMCID: PMC5986761 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino-acid metabolism plays a vital role in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which is the pivot in colorectal cancer (CRC). Upregulated chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) activity contributes to the regulation of metabolism in cancer cells. Previously, we found that sorting nexin 10 (SNX10) is a critical regulator in CMA activation. Here we investigated the role of SNX10 in regulating amino-acid metabolism and mTOR signaling pathway activation, as well as the impact on the tumor progression of mouse CRC. Our results showed that SNX10 deficiency promoted colorectal tumorigenesis in male FVB mice and CRC cell proliferation and survival. Metabolic pathway analysis of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data revealed unique changes of amino-acid metabolism by SNX10 deficiency. In HCT116 cells, SNX10 knockout resulted in the increase of CMA and mTOR activation, which could be abolished by chloroquine treatment or reversed by SNX10 overexpression. By small RNA interference (siRNA), we found that the activation of mTOR was dependent on lysosomal-associated membrane protein type-2A (LAMP-2A), which is a limiting factor of CMA. Similar results were also found in Caco-2 and SW480 cells. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time of flight (UHPLC-QTOF) and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics revealed that 10 amino-acid metabolism in SNX10-deficient cells were significantly upregulated, which could be restored by LAMP-2A siRNA. All of these amino acids were previously reported to be involved in mTOR activation. In conclusion, this work revealed that SNX10 controls mTOR activation through regulating CMA-dependent amino-acid metabolism, which provides potential target and strategy for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Le
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yan You
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Kejing Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yunqiu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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86
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatty acid profile of the fecal metabolome and its association with colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully evaluated. AIMS We aimed to compare the fecal fatty acid profiles of CRC patients and healthy controls. METHODS We enrolled 26 newly diagnosed CRC patients and 28 healthy individuals between July 2014 and August 2014 from our institute. Long- and short-chain fatty acids were extracted from fecal samples and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Regarding fecal long-chain fatty acids, the levels of total ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and, particularly, of linoleic acid (C18:2ω-6) were significantly higher in male CRC patients than in healthy men (2.750 ± 2.583 vs. 1.254 ± 0.966 µg/mg feces, P = 0.040; 2.670 ± 2.507 vs. 1.226 ± 0.940 µg/mg feces, P = 0.034, respectively). In addition, the levels of total monounsaturated fatty acid and, particularly, of oleic acid (C18:1ω-9) were significantly higher in male CRC patients than in healthy men (1.802 ± 1.331 vs. 0.977 ± 0.625 µg/mg feces, P = 0.027; 1.749 ± 1.320 vs. 0.932 ± 0.626 µg/mg feces, P = 0.011, respectively). However, those differences were not shown in female gender. The level of fecal short-chain fatty acids was not different between CRC patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS There were changes in the profiles of fecal fatty acid metabolomes in CRC patients compared to healthy controls, implying that fecal fatty acids could be used as a novel screening tool for CRC.
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87
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Jean-Quartier C, Jeanquartier F, Jurisica I, Holzinger A. In silico cancer research towards 3R. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:408. [PMID: 29649981 PMCID: PMC5897933 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving our understanding of cancer and other complex diseases requires integrating diverse data sets and algorithms. Intertwining in vivo and in vitro data and in silico models are paramount to overcome intrinsic difficulties given by data complexity. Importantly, this approach also helps to uncover underlying molecular mechanisms. Over the years, research has introduced multiple biochemical and computational methods to study the disease, many of which require animal experiments. However, modeling systems and the comparison of cellular processes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes help to understand specific aspects of uncontrolled cell growth, eventually leading to improved planning of future experiments. According to the principles for humane techniques milestones in alternative animal testing involve in vitro methods such as cell-based models and microfluidic chips, as well as clinical tests of microdosing and imaging. Up-to-date, the range of alternative methods has expanded towards computational approaches, based on the use of information from past in vitro and in vivo experiments. In fact, in silico techniques are often underrated but can be vital to understanding fundamental processes in cancer. They can rival accuracy of biological assays, and they can provide essential focus and direction to reduce experimental cost. MAIN BODY We give an overview on in vivo, in vitro and in silico methods used in cancer research. Common models as cell-lines, xenografts, or genetically modified rodents reflect relevant pathological processes to a different degree, but can not replicate the full spectrum of human disease. There is an increasing importance of computational biology, advancing from the task of assisting biological analysis with network biology approaches as the basis for understanding a cell's functional organization up to model building for predictive systems. CONCLUSION Underlining and extending the in silico approach with respect to the 3Rs for replacement, reduction and refinement will lead cancer research towards efficient and effective precision medicine. Therefore, we suggest refined translational models and testing methods based on integrative analyses and the incorporation of computational biology within cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jean-Quartier
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Fleur Jeanquartier
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network; Depts. of Medical Bioph. and Comp. Sci., University of Toronto; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Interactive Systems and Data Science, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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88
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Shu X, Xiang YB, Rothman N, Yu D, Li HL, Yang G, Cai H, Ma X, Lan Q, Gao YT, Jia W, Shu XO, Zheng W. Prospective study of blood metabolites associated with colorectal cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:527-534. [PMID: 29479691 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Few prospective studies, and none in Asians, have systematically evaluated the relationship between blood metabolites and colorectal cancer risk. We conducted a nested case-control study to search for risk-associated metabolite biomarkers for colorectal cancer in an Asian population using blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess associations of metabolites with cancer risk. In this study, we included 250 incident cases with colorectal cancer and individually matched controls nested within two prospective Shanghai cohorts. We found 35 metabolites associated with risk of colorectal cancer after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Among them, 12 metabolites were glycerophospholipids including nine associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer and three with increased risk [odds ratios per standard deviation increase of transformed metabolites: 0.31-1.98; p values: 0.002-1.25 × 10-10 ]. The other 23 metabolites associated with colorectal cancer risk included nine lipids other than glycerophospholipid, seven aromatic compounds, five organic acids and four other organic compounds. After mutual adjustment, nine metabolites remained statistically significant for colorectal cancer. Together, these independently associated metabolites can separate cancer cases from controls with an area under the curve of 0.76 for colorectal cancer. We have identified that dysregulation of glycerophospholipids may contribute to risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Danxia Yu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiao Ma
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- SKLORG & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI.,Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Farshidfar F, Kopciuk KA, Hilsden R, McGregor SE, Mazurak VC, Buie WD, MacLean A, Vogel HJ, Bathe OF. A quantitative multimodal metabolomic assay for colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:26. [PMID: 29301511 PMCID: PMC5755335 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) simplifies treatment and improves treatment outcomes. We previously described a diagnostic metabolomic biomarker derived from semi-quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our objective was to determine whether a quantitative assay of additional metabolomic features, including parts of the lipidome could enhance diagnostic power; and whether there was an advantage to deriving a combined diagnostic signature with a broader metabolomic representation. Methods The well-characterized Biocrates P150 kit was used to quantify 163 metabolites in patients with CRC (N = 62), adenoma (N = 31), and age- and gender-matched disease-free controls (N = 81). Metabolites included in the analysis included phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, acylcarnitines, and amino acids. Using a training set of 32 CRC and 21 disease-free controls, a multivariate metabolomic orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) classifier was developed. An independent set of 28 CRC and 20 matched healthy controls was used for validation. Features characterizing 31 colorectal adenomas from their healthy matched controls were also explored, and a multivariate OPLS classifier for colorectal adenoma could be proposed. Results The metabolomic profile that distinguished CRC from controls consisted of 48 metabolites (R2Y = 0.83, Q2Y = 0.75, CV-ANOVA p-value < 0.00001). In this quantitative assay, the coefficient of variance for each metabolite was <10%, and this dramatically enhanced the separation of these groups. Independent validation resulted in AUROC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93–1.00) and sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 95%. Similarly, we were able to distinguish adenoma from controls (R2Y = 0.30, Q2Y = 0.20, CV-ANOVA p-value = 0.01; internal AUROC = 0.82 (95% CI, 0.72–0.93)). When combined with the previously generated GC-MS signatures for CRC and adenoma, the candidate biomarker performance improved slightly. Conclusion The diagnostic power for metabolomic tests for colorectal neoplasia can be improved by utilizing a multimodal approach and combining metabolites from diverse chemical classes. In addition, quantification of metabolites enhances separation of disease-specific metabolomic profiles. Our future efforts will be focused on developing a quantitative assay for the metabolites comprising the optimal diagnostic biomarker. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3923-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Farshidfar
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen A Kopciuk
- Department Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Hilsden
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Elizabeth McGregor
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Population Health Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - W Donald Buie
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anthony MacLean
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Division of Surgical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 - 29th St NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N2, Canada.
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90
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Research progression of blood and fecal metabolites in colorectal
cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY: ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/ij9.0000000000000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rattner J, Bathe OF. Monitoring for Response to Antineoplastic Drugs: The Potential of a Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7040060. [PMID: 29144383 PMCID: PMC5746740 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
For most cancers, chemotherapeutic options are rapidly expanding, providing the oncologist with substantial choices. Therefore, there is a growing need to select the best systemic therapy, for any individual, that effectively halts tumor progression with minimal toxicity. Having the capability to predict benefit and to anticipate toxicity would be ideal, but remains elusive at this time. An alternative approach is an adaptive approach that involves close observation for treatment response and emergence of resistance. Currently, response to systemic therapy is estimated using radiographic tests. Unfortunately, radiographic estimates of response are imperfect and radiographic signs of response can be delayed. This is particularly problematic for targeted agents, as tumor shrinkage is often not apparent with these drugs. As a result, patients are exposed to prolonged courses of toxic drugs that may ultimately be found to be ineffective. A biomarker-based adaptive strategy that involves the serial analysis of the metabolome is attractive. The metabolome changes rapidly with changes in physiology. Changes in the circulating metabolome associated with various antineoplastic agents have been described, but further work will be required to understand what changes signify clinical benefit. We present an investigative approach for the discovery and validation of metabolomic response biomarkers, which consists of serial analysis of the metabolome and linkage of changes in the metabolome to measurable therapeutic benefit. Potential pitfalls in the development of metabolomic biomarkers of response and loss of response are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Rattner
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
| | - Oliver F Bathe
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, 1331 29th St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, University of Calgary, 1331 29th St NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N2, Canada.
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92
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Fan CW, Kuo YB, Lin GP, Chen SM, Chang SH, Li BA, Chan EC. Development of a multiplexed tumor-associated autoantibody-based blood test for the detection of colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 475:157-163. [PMID: 29074220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and early diagnosis is vital to improving prognoses. We explored the diagnostic potential of a multiplex autoantibody panel as a biomarker for the detection of CRC by ELISA. METHODS In total, 192 serum samples (92 CRC and 100 matched controls) were tested against a panel of 12 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs): RPH3AL, RPL36, SLP2, p53, survivin, ANAXA4, SEC61B, CCCAP, NYCO16, NMDAR, PLSCR1, and HDAC5. Individual and combined autoantibody signatures were examined. RESULTS Compared to individual autoantibody markers, the combinations of TAAs provided better discrimination between tumorous and normal sera. The overall sensitivity of a selected panel of four antibodies (anti-SLP2, -p53, -SEC61B, and -PLSCR1) was 64.1%, with a specificity of 80% that increased to 83.7% when carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurement was added. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the panel of four antibodies for early and advanced stages of CRC was 66.7% and 62%, increasing to 88.3% and 84%, respectively, when CEA was added. CONCLUSIONS We identified a panel of four antibodies as a promising diagnostic biomarker for the detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wei Fan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Geng-Pin Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Si-Min Chen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Chang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Bo-An Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Err-Cheng Chan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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93
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Koriem KMM. Protective effect of natural products and hormones in colon cancer using metabolome: A physiological overview. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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94
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Min L, Choy E, Tu C, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Application of metabolomics in sarcoma: From biomarkers to therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:1-10. [PMID: 28693790 PMCID: PMC5527996 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Edwin Choy
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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95
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Singh MP, Rai S, Suyal S, Singh SK, Singh NK, Agarwal A, Srivastava S. Genetic and epigenetic markers in colorectal cancer screening: recent advances. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:665-685. [PMID: 28562109 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1337511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogenous disease which develops from benign intraepithelial lesions known as adenomas to malignant carcinomas. Acquired alterations in Wnt signaling, TGFβ, MAPK pathway genes and clonal propagation of altered cells are responsible for this transformation. Detection of adenomas or early stage cancer in asymptomatic patients and better prognostic and predictive markers is important for improving the clinical management of CRC. Area covered: In this review, the authors have evaluated the potential of genetic and epigenetic alterations as markers for early detection, prognosis and therapeutic predictive potential in the context of CRC. We have discussed molecular heterogeneity present in CRC and its correlation to prognosis and response to therapy. Expert commentary: Molecular marker based CRC screening methods still fail to gain trust of clinicians. Invasive screening methods, molecular heterogeneity, chemoresistance and low quality test samples are some key challenges which need to be addressed in the present context. New sequencing technologies and integrated omics data analysis of individual or population cohort results in GWAS. MPE studies following a GWAS could be future line of research to establish accurate correlations between CRC and its risk factors. This strategy would identify most reliable biomarkers for CRC screening and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Pratap Singh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad , India
| | - Sandhya Rai
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad , India
| | - Shradha Suyal
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad , India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad , India
| | - Nand Kumar Singh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad , India
| | - Akash Agarwal
- b Department of Surgical Oncology , Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences (DRMLIMS) , Lucknow , India
| | - Sameer Srivastava
- a Department of Biotechnology , Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad , India
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96
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Fukumoto T, Nishiumi S, Fujiwara S, Yoshida M, Nishigori C. Novel serum metabolomics-based approach by gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for detection of human skin cancers: Candidate biomarkers. J Dermatol 2017; 44:1268-1275. [PMID: 28593747 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer incidence rates are continuing to rise; however, if detected at an early stage, they can be cured with minimally invasive treatment. Therefore, the identification of novel and robust biomarkers for the early detection of skin cancer is required to improve the quality of life of the patient after treatment. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers of skin cancers. We carried out serum metabolomics using gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for two types of skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. The changes in the expression of metabolites compared with healthy volunteers were analyzed by principal component analysis. Among all 118 metabolites, 27 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 33 in patients with melanoma showed significant changes in comparison with healthy volunteers. Principal component analysis showed that both skin cancer groups could be distinguished from the healthy volunteers group. We further investigated the specific metabolites most useful for these distinctions. In the squamous cell carcinoma group, these metabolites were glycerol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, sebacic acid, fucose and suberic acid. In the melanoma group, these metabolites were glutamic acid, sebacic acid, suberic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and phenylalanine. The present study identified several metabolites that were distinct for certain skin cancer types, which could potentially be used as diagnostic biomarkers leading to novel clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukumoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Fujiwara
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Metabolomics Research, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,AMED-CREST, AMED, Kobe, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe, Japan
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97
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Rattray NJW, Charkoftaki G, Rattray Z, Hansen JE, Vasiliou V, Johnson CH. Environmental influences in the etiology of colorectal cancer: the premise of metabolomics. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:114-125. [PMID: 28642837 PMCID: PMC5475285 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review we discuss how environmental exposures predominate the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). With CRC being a personalized disease influenced by genes and environment, our goal was to explore the role metabolomics can play in identifying exposures, assessing the interplay between co-exposures, and the development of personalized therapeutic interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Approximately 10 % of CRC cases can be explained by germ-line mutations, whereas the prevailing majority are caused by an initiating exposure event occurring decades prior to diagnosis. Recent research has shown that dietary metabolites are linked to a procarcinogenic or protective environment in the colon which is modulated by the microbiome. In addition, excessive alcohol has been shown to increase the risk of CRC and is dependent on diet (folate), the response of microbiome, and genetic polymorphisms within the folate and alcohol metabolic pathways. Metabolomics can not only be used to identify this modulation of host metabolism, which could affect the progression of the tumors but also response to targeted therapeutics. SUMMARY This review highlights the current understanding of the multifaceted etiology and mechanisms of CRC development but also highlights where the field of metabolomics can contribute to a greater understanding of environmental exposure in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Rattray
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Yale University, CT, USA 06520
| | - James E. Hansen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Yale University, CT, USA 06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA 06520
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
| | - Caroline H. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520
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98
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Jerzak KJ, Laureano M, Elsharawi R, Kavsak P, Chan KK, Dhesy-Thind SK, Zbuk K. Targeted metabolomics in colorectal cancer: a strategic approach using standardized laboratory tests of the blood and urine. HYPOXIA 2017; 5:61-66. [PMID: 28580363 PMCID: PMC5449104 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s127560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolytic markers have been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC) using advanced analytical methods. METHODS Using commercially available assays, by-products of anaerobic metabolism were prospectively measured in the blood and urine of 20 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and 20 patients with local disease. Twenty-four-hour urine citrate, plasma lactate, ketones, venous blood gas, anion gap, and osmolar gap were investigated. Results of patients with metastatic and local CRC were compared using two-sample t-tests or equivalent nonparametric tests. In addition, plasma total CO2 concentrations in our local hospital (5,931 inpatients and 1,783 outpatients) were compared retrospectively with those in our dedicated cancer center (1,825 outpatients) over 1 year. RESULTS The average venous pCO2 was higher in patients with mCRC (50.2 mmHg; standard deviation [SD]=9.36) compared with those with local disease (42.8 mmHg; SD=8.98), p=0.045. Calculated serum osmolarity was higher in mCRC and attributed to concomitant sodium and urea elevations. In our retrospective analysis, plasma total CO2 concentrations (median=27 mmol/L) were higher in cancer patients compared to both hospital inpatients (median=23 mmol/L) and outpatients (median=24 mmol/L), p<0.0001. CONCLUSION Patients with mCRC had higher venous pCO2 levels than those with local disease. Although causation cannot be established, we hypothesize that pCO2 elevation may stem from a perturbed metabolism in mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna J Jerzak
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.,Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | | | - Radwa Elsharawi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Peter Kavsak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
| | - Kelvin Kw Chan
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto.,Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | | | - Kevin Zbuk
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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99
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Trivedi DK, Hollywood KA, Goodacre R. Metabolomics for the masses: The future of metabolomics in a personalized world. NEW HORIZONS IN TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:294-305. [PMID: 29094062 PMCID: PMC5653644 DOI: 10.1016/j.nhtm.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical practices focus on a small number of biochemical directly related to the pathophysiology with patients and thus only describe a very limited metabolome of a patient and fail to consider the interations of these small molecules. This lack of extended information may prevent clinicians from making the best possible therapeutic interventions in sufficient time to improve patient care. Various post-genomics '('omic)' approaches have been used for therapeutic interventions previously. Metabolomics now a well-established'omics approach, has been widely adopted as a novel approach for biomarker discovery and in tandem with genomics (especially SNPs and GWAS) has the potential for providing systemic understanding of the underlying causes of pathology. In this review, we discuss the relevance of metabolomics approaches in clinical sciences and its potential for biomarker discovery which may help guide clinical interventions. Although a powerful and potentially high throughput approach for biomarker discovery at the molecular level, true translation of metabolomics into clinics is an extremely slow process. Quicker adaptation of biomarkers discovered using metabolomics can be possible with novel portable and wearable technologies aided by clever data mining, as well as deep learning and artificial intelligence; we shall also discuss this with an eye to the future of precision medicine where metabolomics can be delivered to the masses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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100
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Tumas J, Kvederaviciute K, Petrulionis M, Kurlinkus B, Rimkus A, Sakalauskaite G, Cicenas J, Sileikis A. Metabolomics in pancreatic cancer biomarkers research. Med Oncol 2016; 33:133. [PMID: 27807722 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst prognoses of all malignancies. More than 40,000 deaths a year from this disease are observed in European Union alone. The only possibly curative treatment of pancreatic cancer is surgery, yet only 15-20% of patients have operable disease and even patients, which go through surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, survival is less than 30%. The sensitive and specific biomarkers which could be used for the advance of early diagnostics are needed and constantly researched. Metabolomics is a technology which analyzes the concentrations of low-molecular-weight metabolites (the metabolome) has lately effectively developed due to the improvements in analytical technology. Metabolome analysis can be a one of the useful approaches for the biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. Here we discuss recent discoveries in the field of pancreatic cancer metabolomics as well as the most promising biomarkers for diagnostics, prognosis and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Tumas
- Center of Abdominal Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital, Santariskiu Klinikos Santariskiu str. 2, 08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kotryna Kvederaviciute
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio ave. 7, 01222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Petrulionis
- Center of Abdominal Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital, Santariskiu Klinikos Santariskiu str. 2, 08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Benediktas Kurlinkus
- Center of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietology, Vilnius University Hospital, Santariskiu Klinikos Santariskiu str. 2, 08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arnas Rimkus
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Jonas Cicenas
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. .,MAP Kinase Resource, Bioinformatics, Melchiorstrasse 9, 3027, Bern, Switzerland. .,Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, 08662, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Audrius Sileikis
- Center of Abdominal Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital, Santariskiu Klinikos Santariskiu str. 2, 08661, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Center of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietology, Vilnius University Hospital, Santariskiu Klinikos Santariskiu str. 2, 08661, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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