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Mohiuddin M, Kasahara K. The Mechanisms of the Growth Inhibitory Effects of Paclitaxel on Gefitinib-resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:661-673. [PMID: 34479918 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great challenge for the treatment of cancer patients. It presents as a severe respiratory infection in aged individuals, including some lung cancer patients. COVID-19 may be linked to the progression of aggressive lung cancer. In addition, the side effects of chemotherapy, such as chemotherapy resistance and the acceleration of cellular senescence, can worsen COVID-19. Given this situation, we investigated the role of paclitaxel (a chemotherapy drug) in the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular senescence of gefitinib-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (PC9-MET) to clarify the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC9-MET cells were treated with paclitaxel for 72 h and then evaluated by a cell viability assay, DAPI staining, Giemsa staining, apoptosis assay, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, SA-β-Gal staining, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay and Western blotting. RESULTS Paclitaxel significantly reduced the viability of PC9-MET cells and induced morphological signs of apoptosis. The apoptotic effects of paclitaxel were observed by increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 (Asp 175), cleaved caspase-9 (Asp 330) and cleaved PARP (Asp 214). In addition, paclitaxel increased ROS production, leading to DNA damage. Inhibition of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine attenuates paclitaxel-induced DNA damage. Importantly, paclitaxel eliminated cellular senescence, as observed by SA-β-Gal staining. Cellular senescence elimination was associated with p53/p21 and p16/pRb signaling inactivation. CONCLUSION Paclitaxel may be a promising anticancer drug and offer a new therapeutic strategy for managing gefitinib-resistant NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohiuddin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kasahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY. Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1185-1202. [PMID: 34046925 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue-specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non-proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Vic, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Wen-Yi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Huth HW, Castro-Gomes T, de Goes AM, Ropert C. Translocation of intracellular CD24 constitutes a triggering event for drug resistance in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17077. [PMID: 34426608 PMCID: PMC8382710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of tumor cells to shift dynamically between different states could be responsible for chemoresistance and has been commonly linked to the acquisition of stem cell properties. Here, we have evaluated the phenotype switching associated with drug resistance in breast cancer cell lines and cell lineage obtained from Brazilian patients. We have highlighted the role of the cancer stem cell marker CD24 in the dynamics of cell plasticity and the acquirement of drug resistance. We showed that the translocation of CD24 from cytosol to cell membrane is a triggering event for the phenotype change of breast tumor cells exposed to drug stress. Here, we provide evidence that the phenotype switching is due to the presence of a cytosolic pool of CD24. Importantly, the cellular localization of CD24 was correlated with the changes in the dynamics of p38 MAPK activation. A strong and continuous phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK led to the overexpression of Bcl-2 after treatment in persistent cells presenting high density of CD24 on cell membrane. This phenotype enabled the cells to enter in slow-down of cell cycle, after which several weeks later, the dormant cells proliferated again. Importantly, the use of a p38 activity inhibitor sensitized cells to drug treatment and avoided chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Werner Huth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Miranda de Goes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil
| | - Catherine Ropert
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-910, Brazil.
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Ishii T, Suzuki A, Kuwata T, Hisamitsu S, Hashimoto H, Ohara Y, Yanagihara K, Mitsunaga S, Yoshino T, Kinoshita T, Ochiai A, Shitara K, Ishii G. Drug-exposed cancer-associated fibroblasts facilitate gastric cancer cell progression following chemotherapy. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:810-822. [PMID: 33837489 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer progression following chemotherapy is a significant barrier to effective cancer treatment. We aimed to evaluate the role of drug-exposed cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the growth and progression of drug-exposed gastric cancer (GC) cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The human GC cell line 44As3 and CAFs were treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (5FU + OX). 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells were then cultured in a conditioned medium (CM) from 5FU + OX-pretreated CAFs, and the growth and migration/invasion ability of the cells were evaluated. We also compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the GC patients treated with S1 + OX in accordance with the properties of their resected specimens, focusing on the number of CAFs. Changes in gene expression in CAFs and 44As3 cells were comprehensively analyzed using RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS The CM from 5FU + OX-pretreated CAFs promoted the migration and invasion of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells. Although the number of cases was relatively small (n = 21), the frequency of positive cases of lymphovascular invasion and the recurrence rate were significantly higher in those with more residual CAF. RNA-seq analysis revealed 5FU + OX-pretreated CAF-derived glycoprotein 130 (gp130) as a candidate factor contributing to the increased migration of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells. Administration of the gp130 inhibitor SC144 prevented the increased migration ability of 5FU + OX-pretreated 44As3 cells owing to drug-treated CAFs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence regarding the interactions between GC cells and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment following chemotherapy, suggesting that ligands for gp130 may be novel therapeutic targets for suppressing or preventing metastasis in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Courses of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoshi Hisamitsu
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Mitsunaga
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. .,Courses of Advanced Clinical Research of Cancer, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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Chakrabarty A, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya R, Chowdhury G. Senescence-Induced Chemoresistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Evolution-Based Treatment Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674354. [PMID: 34249714 PMCID: PMC8264500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically treated with combination chemotherapies. Although, initially responsive to chemotherapies, TNBC patients frequently develop drug-resistant, metastatic disease. Chemotherapy resistance can develop through many mechanisms, including induction of a transient growth-arrested state, known as the therapy-induced senescence (TIS). In this paper, we will focus on chemoresistance in TNBC due to TIS. One of the key characteristics of senescent cells is a complex secretory phenotype, known as the senescence-associated secretory proteome (SASP), which by prompting immune-mediated clearance of senescent cells maintains tissue homeostasis and suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in cancer, particularly with TIS, senescent cells themselves as well as SASP promote cellular reprograming into a stem-like state responsible for the emergence of drug-resistant, aggressive clones. In addition to chemotherapies, outcomes of recently approved immune and DNA damage-response (DDR)-directed therapies are also affected by TIS, implying that this a common strategy used by cancer cells for evading treatment. Although there has been an explosion of scientific research for manipulating TIS for prevention of drug resistance, much of it is still at the pre-clinical stage. From an evolutionary perspective, cancer is driven by natural selection, wherein the fittest tumor cells survive and proliferate while the tumor microenvironment influences tumor cell fitness. As TIS seems to be preferred for increasing the fitness of drug-challenged cancer cells, we will propose a few tactics to control it by using the principles of evolutionary biology. We hope that with appropriate therapeutic intervention, this detrimental cellular fate could be diverted in favor of TNBC patients.
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Wiesmann N, Gieringer R, Viel M, Eckrich J, Tremel W, Brieger J. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Can Intervene in Radiation-Induced Senescence and Eradicate Residual Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122989. [PMID: 34203835 PMCID: PMC8232817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in tumor therapy, metastasis and tumor relapse remain major complications hindering the complete recovery of many cancer patients. Dormant tumor cells, which reside in the body, possess the ability to re-enter the cell cycle after therapy. This phenomenon has been attributed to therapy-induced senescence. We show that these cells could be targeted by the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). In the present study, the properties of tumor cells after survival of 16 Gy gamma-irradiation were investigated in detail. Analysis of morphological features, proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and protein expression revealed classical hallmarks of senescent cells among the remnant cell mass after irradiation. The observed radiation-induced senescence was associated with the increased ability to withstand further irradiation. Additionally, tumor cells were able to re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate again after weeks. Treatment with ZnO NPs was evaluated as a therapeutical approach to target senescent cells. ZnO NPs were suitable to induce cell death in senescent, irradiation-resistant tumor cells. Our findings underline the pathophysiological relevance of remnant tumor cells that survived first-line radiotherapy. Additionally, we highlight the therapeutic potential of ZnO NPs for targeting senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.G.); (J.E.); (J.B.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-4034
| | - Rita Gieringer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.G.); (J.E.); (J.B.)
| | - Melanie Viel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.V.); (W.T.)
| | - Jonas Eckrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.G.); (J.E.); (J.B.)
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.V.); (W.T.)
| | - Juergen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.G.); (J.E.); (J.B.)
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Madhavan BK, Han Z, Singh B, Bordt N, Kaymak S, Bandapalli OR, Kihm L, Shahzad K, Isermann B, Herzig S, Nawroth P, Kumar V. Elevated Expression of the RAGE Variant- V in SCLC Mitigates the Effect of Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112843. [PMID: 34200336 PMCID: PMC8201239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiomimetic drugs induce extensive genotoxic insults to their target cells. Irreparable DNA damage leaves cells with the choice between a program leading to cell death or senescence, but not DNA repair. Among the challenges of an advanced stage of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), the resistance to radiomimetic drugs is the most prominent one. In SCLC, the initial chemotherapeutic treatment primes cell to modify their DNA repair and cell cycle regulatory systems, using alternative but highly efficient forms of DNA repair and auxiliary factors. This modulated system now bypasses several regulatory controls. Thus, at this stage, cells become resistant to any beneficial effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. In the present study, we observed that variant-V of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is abundantly expressed in advancing and metastasizing SCLC. Therefore, it may serve as a potential target for specific therapeutic interventions directed to SCLC. Abstract Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a very high mortality rate. A prominent part of this is because these carcinomas are refractory to chemotherapies, such as etoposide or cisplatin, making effective treatment almost impossible. Here, we report that elevated expression of the RAGE variant-V in SCLC promotes homology-directed DNA DSBs repair when challenged with anti-cancer drugs. This variant exclusively localizes to the nucleus, interacts with members of the double-strand break (DSB) repair machinery and thus promotes the recruitment of DSBs repair factors at the site of damage. Increased expression of this variant thus, promotes timely DNA repair. Congruently, the tumor cells expressing high levels of variant-V can tolerate chemotherapeutic drug treatment better than the RAGE depleted cells. Our findings reveal a yet undisclosed role of the RAGE variant-V in the homology-directed DNA repair. This variant thus can be a potential target to be considered for future therapeutic approaches in advanced SSLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindhu K. Madhavan
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Bishal Singh
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Nico Bordt
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Serap Kaymak
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kihm
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Khurrum Shahzad
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.S.); (B.I.)
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.S.); (B.I.)
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Programm, Helmholtz-Zentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Programm, Helmholtz-Zentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.K.M.); (Z.H.); (B.S.); (N.B.); (S.K.); (L.K.); (P.N.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6221-56-6960
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The spleen as a sanctuary site for residual leukemic cells following ABT-199 monotherapy in ETP-ALL. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1963-1976. [PMID: 33830207 PMCID: PMC8045507 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) has recently emerged as a therapeutic target for early T-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL), a high-risk subtype of human T-cell ALL. The major clinical challenge with targeted therapeutics, such as the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199, is the development of acquired resistance. We assessed the in vivo response of luciferase-positive LOUCY cells to ABT-199 monotherapy and observed specific residual disease in the splenic microenvironment. Of note, these results were confirmed by using a primary ETP-ALL patient-derived xenograft. Splenomegaly has previously been associated with poor prognosis in diverse types of leukemia. However, the exact mechanism by which the splenic microenvironment alters responses to specific targeted therapies remains largely unexplored. We show that residual LOUCY cells isolated from the spleen microenvironment displayed reduced BCL-2 dependence, which was accompanied by decreased BCL-2 expression levels. Notably, this phenotype of reduced BCL-2 dependence could be recapitulated by using human splenic fibroblast coculture experiments and was confirmed in an in vitro chronic ABT-199 resistance model of LOUCY. Finally, single-cell RNA-sequencing was used to show that ABT-199 triggers transcriptional changes in T-cell differentiation genes in leukemic cells obtained from the spleen microenvironment. Of note, increased expression of CD1a and sCD3 was also observed in ABT199-resistant LOUCY clones, further reinforcing the idea that a more differentiated leukemic population might display decreased sensitivity toward BCL-2 inhibition. Overall, our data reveal the spleen as a site of residual disease for ABT-199 treatment in ETP-ALL and provide evidence for plasticity in T-cell differentiation as a mechanism of therapy resistance.
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Saleh T, Alhesa A, Al-Balas M, Abuelaish O, Mansour A, Awad H, El-Sadoni M, Carpenter V, Azab B. Expression of therapy-induced senescence markers in breast cancer samples upon incomplete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210079. [PMID: 33948615 PMCID: PMC8725197 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a cell stress response induced by replicative, oxidative, oncogenic, and genotoxic stresses. Tumor cells undergo senescence in response to several cancer therapeutics in vitro (Therapy-Induced Senescence, TIS), including agents utilized as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in the treatment of invasive breast cancer. TIS has been proposed to contribute to adverse therapy outcomes including relapse. However, there is limited evidence on the induction of senescence in response to NAC in clinical cancer and its contribution to disease outcomes. In this work, the expression of three senescence-associated markers (p21CIP1, H3K9Me3 (histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation), and Lamin B1) was investigated in breast cancer samples that developed partial or incomplete pathological response to NAC (n=37). Accordingly, 40.54% of all samples showed marker expression consistent with a senescence-like phenotype, while the remainders were either negative or inconclusive for senescence (2.70 and 56.8%, respectively). Moreover, analysis of core-needle biopsies revealed minimal changes in p21CIP1 and H3K9Me3, but significant changes in Lamin B1 expression levels following NAC, highlighting a more predictive role of Lamin B1 in senescence detection. However, our analysis did not establish an association between TIS and cancer relapse as only three patients (8.1%) with a senescence-like profile developed short-term recurrent disease. Our analysis indicates that identification of TIS in tumor samples requires large-scale transcriptomic and protein marker analyses and extended clinical follow-up. Better understanding of in vivo senescence should elucidate its contribution to therapy outcomes and pave the way for the utilization of senolytic approaches as potential adjuvant cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Al-Balas
- Department of General and Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Omar Abuelaish
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Mansour
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, U.S.A
| | - Heyam Awad
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammed El-Sadoni
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Valerie J. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, U.S.A
| | - Bilal Azab
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Papachristou F, Anninou N, Koukoulis G, Paraskakis S, Sertaridou E, Tsalikidis C, Pitiakoudis M, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha A. Differential effects of cisplatin combined with the flavonoid apigenin on HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 liver cancer cell lines. Mutat Res 2021; 866:503352. [PMID: 33985696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of apigenin (APG) to enhance cisplatin's (CDDP) chemotherapeutic efficacy was investigated in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 liver cancer cell lines. The presence of 20 μM APG sensitized all cell lines to CDDP treatment (degree of sensitization based on the MTT assay: HepG2>Huh7>Hep3B). As reflected by sister chromatid exchange levels, the degree of genetic instability as well as DNA repair by homologous recombination differed among cell lines. CDDP and 20 μM APG cotreatment exhibited a synergistic genotoxic effect on Hep3B cells and a less than additive effect on HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Cell cycle delays were noticed during the first mitotic division in Hep3B and Huh7 cells and the second mitotic division in HepG2 cells. CDDP and CDDP + APG treatments reduced the clonogenic capacity of all cell lines; however, there was a discordance in drug sensitivity compared with the MMT assay. Furthermore, a senescence-like phenotype was induced, especially in Hep3B and Huh7 cells. Unlike CDDP monotherapy, the combined treatment exhibited a significant anti-invasive and anti-migratory action in all cancer cell lines. The fact that the three liver cancer cell lines responded differently, yet positively, to CDDP + APG cotreatment could be attributed to variations they present in gene expression. Complex mechanisms seem to influence cellular responses and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Papachristou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece; Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece.
| | - Nikolia Anninou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
| | - Georgios Koukoulis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
| | - Stefanos Paraskakis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
| | - Eleni Sertaridou
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
| | - Christos Tsalikidis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
| | - Michael Pitiakoudis
- Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
| | - Constantinos Simopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece; Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
| | - Alexandra Tsaroucha
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece; Postgraduate Program in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68 100, Greece
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61
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Senolytics for Cancer Therapy: Is All That Glitters Really Gold? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040723. [PMID: 33578753 PMCID: PMC7916462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Senescence is an essential component of tumor cell biology and is a primary cell stress response to therapy. While the long-term impact of senescence in cancer therapy is not yet fully understood, the use of senolytics, drugs that selectively kill senescent cells, is an area of active investigation in cancer treatment. Several challenges and unanswered questions have arisen from the current preclinical literature, indicating the need to re-evaluate some of the basic premises and experimental approaches, as well as the potential utility for translating to the clinic the application of senolytics as adjuvants to current cancer therapy. Abstract Senolytics represent a group of mechanistically diverse drugs that can eliminate senescent cells, both in tumors and in several aging-related pathologies. Consequently, senolytic use has been proposed as a potential adjuvant approach to improve the response to senescence-inducing conventional and targeted cancer therapies. Despite the unequivocal promise of senolytics, issues of universality, selectivity, resistance, and toxicity remain to be further clarified. In this review, we attempt to summarize and analyze the current preclinical literature involving the use of senolytics in senescent tumor cell models, and to propose tenable solutions and future directions to improve the understanding and use of this novel class of drugs.
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Duy C, Li M, Teater M, Meydan C, Garrett-Bakelman FE, Lee TC, Chin CR, Durmaz C, Kawabata KC, Dhimolea E, Mitsiades CS, Doehner H, D'Andrea RJ, Becker MW, Paietta EM, Mason CE, Carroll M, Melnick AM. Chemotherapy Induces Senescence-Like Resilient Cells Capable of Initiating AML Recurrence. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1542-1561. [PMID: 33500244 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently relapse after chemotherapy, yet the mechanism by which AML reemerges is not fully understood. Herein, we show that primary AML cells enter a senescence-like phenotype following chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. This is accompanied by induction of senescence/inflammatory and embryonic diapause transcriptional programs, with downregulation of MYC and leukemia stem cell genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing suggested depletion of leukemia stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and enrichment for subpopulations with distinct senescence-like cells. This senescence effect was transient and conferred superior colony-forming and engraftment potential. Entry into this senescence-like phenotype was dependent on ATR, and persistence of AML cells was severely impaired by ATR inhibitors. Altogether, we propose that AML relapse is facilitated by a senescence-like resilience phenotype that occurs regardless of their stem cell status. Upon recovery, these post-senescence AML cells give rise to relapsed AMLs with increased stem cell potential. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite entering complete remission after chemotherapy, relapse occurs in many patients with AML. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the relapse mechanism in AML and the development of targeted treatments to improve outcome. Here, we identified a senescence-like resilience phenotype through which AML cells can survive and repopulate leukemia.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihangir Duy
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Cancer Epigenetics Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Matt Teater
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Francine E Garrett-Bakelman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Tak C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ceyda Durmaz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kimihito C Kawabata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eugen Dhimolea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Constantine S Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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63
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The Jekyll and Hyde of Cellular Senescence in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020208. [PMID: 33494247 PMCID: PMC7909764 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in response to various insults and is characterized by distinct morphological hallmarks, gene expression profiles, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Importantly, cellular senescence is a key component of normal physiology with tumor suppressive functions. In the last few decades, novel cancer treatment strategies exploiting pro-senescence therapies have attracted considerable interest. Recent insight, however, suggests that therapy-induced senescence (TIS) elicits cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous implications that potentially entail detrimental consequences, reflecting the Jekyll and Hyde nature of cancer cell senescence. In essence, the undesirable manifestations that generally culminate in inflammation, cancer stemness, senescence reversal, therapy resistance, and disease recurrence are dictated by the persistent accumulation of senescent cells and the SASP. Thus, mitigating these pro-tumorigenic effects by eliminating these cells or inhibiting their SASP production holds great promise for developing innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the fundamental aspects and dynamics of cancer cell senescence and summarize the comprehensive research on the adverse outcomes of TIS. Furthermore, we underline the rationale and motivation of emerging senotherapeutic modalities surrounding the removal of senescent cells and the SASP to help maximize the overall efficacy of cancer therapies.
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64
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IER2-induced senescence drives melanoma invasion through osteopontin. Oncogene 2021; 40:6494-6512. [PMID: 34611309 PMCID: PMC8616759 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the immediate-early response gene IER2 has been associated with the progression of several types of cancer, but its functional role is poorly understood. We found that increased IER2 expression in human melanoma is associated with shorter overall survival, and subsequently investigated the mechanisms through which IER2 exerts this effect. In experimental melanoma models, sustained expression of IER2 induced senescence in a subset of melanoma cells in a p53/MAPK/AKT-dependent manner. The senescent cells produced a characteristic secretome that included high levels of the extracellular phosphoglycoprotein osteopontin. Nuclear localization of the IER2 protein was critical for both the induction of senescence and osteopontin secretion. Osteopontin secreted by IER2-expressing senescent cells strongly stimulated the migration and invasion of non-senescent melanoma cells. Consistently, we observed coordinate expression of IER2, p53/p21, and osteopontin in primary human melanomas and metastases, highlighting the pathophysiological relevance of IER2-mediated senescence in melanoma progression. Together, our study reveals that sustained IER2 expression drives melanoma invasion and progression through stimulating osteopontin secretion via the stochastic induction of senescence.
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65
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Kinker GS, Greenwald AC, Tal R, Orlova Z, Cuoco MS, McFarland JM, Warren A, Rodman C, Roth JA, Bender SA, Kumar B, Rocco JW, Fernandes PACM, Mader CC, Keren-Shaul H, Plotnikov A, Barr H, Tsherniak A, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Krizhanovsky V, Puram SV, Regev A, Tirosh I. Pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq identifies recurring programs of cellular heterogeneity. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1208-1218. [PMID: 33128048 PMCID: PMC8135089 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cultured cell lines are the workhorse of cancer research, but the extent to which they recapitulate the heterogeneity observed among malignant cells in tumors is unclear. Here we used multiplexed single-cell RNA-seq to profile 198 cancer cell lines from 22 cancer types. We identified 12 expression programs that are recurrently heterogeneous within multiple cancer cell lines. These programs are associated with diverse biological processes, including cell cycle, senescence, stress and interferon responses, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and protein metabolism. Most of these programs recapitulate those recently identified as heterogeneous within human tumors. We prioritized specific cell lines as models of cellular heterogeneity and used them to study subpopulations of senescence-related cells, demonstrating their dynamics, regulation and unique drug sensitivities, which were predictive of clinical response. Our work describes the landscape of heterogeneity within diverse cancer cell lines and identifies recurrent patterns of heterogeneity that are shared between tumors and specific cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Kinker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alissa C Greenwald
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Tal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zhanna Orlova
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael S Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James M McFarland
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allison Warren
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Rodman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samantha A Bender
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James W Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Plotnikov
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Haim Barr
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviad Tsherniak
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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66
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Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T. Senolytic drugs: from discovery to translation. J Intern Med 2020; 288:518-536. [PMID: 32686219 PMCID: PMC7405395 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Senolytics are a class of drugs that selectively clear senescent cells (SC). The first senolytic drugs Dasatinib, Quercetin, Fisetin and Navitoclax were discovered using a hypothesis-driven approach. SC accumulate with ageing and at causal sites of multiple chronic disorders, including diseases accounting for the bulk of morbidity, mortality and health expenditures. The most deleterious SC are resistant to apoptosis and have up-regulation of anti-apoptotic pathways which defend SC against their own inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), allowing them to survive, despite killing neighbouring cells. Senolytics transiently disable these SCAPs, causing apoptosis of those SC with a tissue-destructive SASP. Because SC take weeks to reaccumulate, senolytics can be administered intermittently - a 'hit-and-run' approach. In preclinical models, senolytics delay, prevent or alleviate frailty, cancers and cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, liver, kidney, musculoskeletal, lung, eye, haematological, metabolic and skin disorders as well as complications of organ transplantation, radiation and cancer treatment. As anticipated for agents targeting the fundamental ageing mechanisms that are 'root cause' contributors to multiple disorders, potential uses of senolytics are protean, potentially alleviating over 40 conditions in preclinical studies, opening a new route for treating age-related dysfunction and diseases. Early pilot trials of senolytics suggest they decrease senescent cells, reduce inflammation and alleviate frailty in humans. Clinical trials for diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, eye diseases and bone marrow transplant and childhood cancer survivors are underway or beginning. Until such studies are done, it is too early for senolytics to be used outside of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Kirkland
- From the, Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T Tchkonia
- From the, Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Rochester, MN, USA
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67
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Saleh T, Carpenter VJ, Tyutyunyk‐Massey L, Murray G, Leverson JD, Souers AJ, Alotaibi MR, Faber AC, Reed J, Harada H, Gewirtz DA. Clearance of therapy-induced senescent tumor cells by the senolytic ABT-263 via interference with BCL-X L -BAX interaction. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2504-2519. [PMID: 32652830 PMCID: PMC7530780 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells undergo senescence in response to both conventional and targeted cancer therapies. The induction of senescence in response to cancer therapy can contribute to unfavorable patient outcomes, potentially including disease relapse. This possibiliy is supported by our findings that tumor cells induced into senescence by doxorubicin or etoposide can give rise to viable tumors in vivo. We further demonstrate sensitivity of these senescent tumor cells to the senolytic ABT-263 (navitoclax), therefore providing a "two-hit" approach to eliminate senescent tumor cells that persist after exposure to chemotherapy or radiation. The sequential combination of therapy-induced senescence and ABT-263 could shift the response to therapy toward apoptosis by interfering with the interaction between BCL-XL and BAX. The administration of ABT-263 after either etoposide or doxorubicin also resulted in marked, prolonged tumor suppression in tumor-bearing animals. These findings support the premise that senolytic therapy following conventional cancer therapy may improve therapeutic outcomes and delay disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineThe Hashemite UniversityZarqaJordan
- Departments of Pharmacology & ToxicologySchool of MedicineMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Valerie J. Carpenter
- Departments of Pharmacology & ToxicologySchool of MedicineMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Liliya Tyutyunyk‐Massey
- Departments of Pharmacology & ToxicologySchool of MedicineMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Graeme Murray
- Department of PhysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | | | | | - Moureq R. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Anthony C. Faber
- Philips Institute for Oral Health ResearchSchool of DentistryMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Jason Reed
- Department of PhysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health ResearchSchool of DentistryMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Departments of Pharmacology & ToxicologySchool of MedicineMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
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68
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Simmnacher K, Krach F, Schneider Y, Alecu JE, Mautner L, Klein P, Roybon L, Prots I, Xiang W, Winner B. Unique signatures of stress-induced senescent human astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113466. [PMID: 32949572 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescence was recently linked to neurodegeneration and astrocytes are one of the major cell types to turn senescent under neurodegenerative conditions. Senescent astrocytes were detected in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' brains besides reactive astrocytes, yet the difference between senescent and reactive astrocytes is unclear. We aimed to characterize senescent astrocytes in comparison to reactive astrocytes and investigate differences and similarities. In a cell culture model of human fetal astrocytes, we determined a unique senescent transcriptome distinct from reactive astrocytes, which comprises dysregulated pathways. Both, senescent and reactive human astrocytes activated a proinflammatory pattern. Astrocyte senescence was at least partially depending on active mechanistic-target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and DNA-damage response signaling, both drivers of senescence. To further investigate how PD and senescence connect to each other, we asked if a PD-linked environmental factor induces senescence and if senescence impairs midbrain neurons. We could show that the PD-linked pesticide rotenone causes astrocyte senescence. We further delineate, that the senescent secretome exaggerates rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in midbrain neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) of PD patients with alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) locus duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Simmnacher
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian E Alecu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paulina Klein
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Funck F, Pahl J, Kyjacova L, Freund L, Oehrl S, Gräbe G, Pezer S, Hassel JC, Sleeman J, Cerwenka A, Schäkel K. Human innate immune cell crosstalk induces melanoma cell senescence. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1808424. [PMID: 32939325 PMCID: PMC7470184 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1808424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes and NK cells constitute the first line of innate immune defense. How these cells interact and join forces against cancer is incompletely understood. Here, we observed an early accumulation of slan+ (6-sulfo LacNAc) non-classical monocytes (slanMo) in stage I melanoma, which was followed by an increase in NK cell numbers in stage III. Accordingly, culture supernatants of slanMo induced migration of primary human NK cells in vitro via the chemotactic cytokine IL-8 (CXCL8), suggesting a role for slanMo in NK cell recruitment into cancer tissues. High levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were produced in co-cultures of TLR-ligand stimulated slanMo and NK cells, whereas much lower levels were contained in cultures of slanMo and NK cells alone. Moreover, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentrations in slanMo/NK cell co-cultures exceeded those in CD14+ monocyte/NK cell and slanMo/T cell co-cultures. Importantly, TNF-α and IFN-γ that was produced in TLR-ligand stimulated slanMo/NK cell co-cultures induced senescence in different melanoma cell lines, as indicated by reduced melanoma cell proliferation, increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression, p21 upregulation, and induction of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Taken together, we identified a role for slanMo and NK cells in a collaborative innate immune defense against melanoma by generating a tumor senescence-inducing microenvironment. We conclude that enhancing the synergistic innate immune crosstalk of slanMo and NK cells could improve current immunotherapeutic approaches in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Funck
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Pahl
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lenka Kyjacova
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Freund
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Oehrl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Galina Gräbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pezer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience MI3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Department for Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience MI3, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ghorai A, Mahaddalkar T, Thorat R, Dutt S. Sustained inhibition of PARP-1 activity delays glioblastoma recurrence by enhancing radiation-induced senescence. Cancer Lett 2020; 490:44-53. [PMID: 32645394 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and is highly aggressive with a median survival of 15 months. We have previously shown that residual cells of GBM form multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) showing a senescent phenotype, but eventually escape from therapy induced senescence (TIS), resulting in GBM recurrence. Here we demonstrate the role of PARP-1 in TIS and its recovery. We show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 has an anti-proliferative effect on GBM cell lines and primary cultures derived from patient samples. Furthermore, the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib, in combination with radiation increased MNGCs formation and senescence as assessed by β-galactosidase activity, and macroH2A1 levels in residual cells. Additionally, we found that reduced PARP-1 activity and not protein levels in residual cells was crucial for MNGCs formation and their maintenance in the senescent state. PARP-1 activity was restored to higher levels in recurrent cells that escaped from TIS. Importantly, olaparib + radiation treatment significantly delayed recurrence in vitro as well in vivo in orthotopic GBM mouse models with a significant increase in overall survival of mice. Overall, this study demonstrates that sustained inhibition of PARP-1 activity during radiation treatment significantly delays GBM recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Ghorai
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Tejashree Mahaddalkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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71
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Millner A, Lizardo DY, Atilla‐Gokcumen GE. Untargeted Lipidomics Highlight the Depletion of Deoxyceramides during Therapy‐Induced Senescence. Proteomics 2020; 20:e2000013. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Millner
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Darleny Y. Lizardo
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Gunes Ekin Atilla‐Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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Vernot JP. Senescence-Associated Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Tumor Cell Plasticity. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:63. [PMID: 32478091 PMCID: PMC7237636 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-recognized cell phenotypic heterogeneity in tumors is a great challenge for cancer treatment. Dynamic interconversion and movement within a spectrum of different cell phenotypes (cellular plasticity) with the acquisition of specific cell functions is a fascinating biological puzzle, that represent an additional difficulty for cancer treatment and novel therapies development. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for moving or stabilizing tumor cells within this spectrum of variable states constitutes a valuable tool to overcome these challenges. In particular, cell transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes (EMT-MET) and de-and trans-differentiation processes are relevant, since it has been shown that they confer invasiveness, drug resistance, and metastatic ability, due to the simultaneous acquisition of stem-like cell properties. Multiple drivers participate in these cell conversions events. In particular, cellular senescence and senescence-associated soluble factors have been shown to unveil stem-like cell properties and cell plasticity. By modulating gradually the composition of their secretome and the time of exposure, senescent cells may have differential effect not only on tumor cells but also on surrounding cells. Intriguingly, tumor cells that scape from senescence acquire stem-like cell properties and aggressiveness. The reinforcement of senescence and inflammation by soluble factors and the participation of immune cells may provide a dynamic milieu having varied effects on cell transitions, reprogramming, plasticity, stemness and therefore heterogeneity. This will confer different epithelial/mesenchymal traits (hybrid phenotype) and stem-like cell properties, combinations of which, in a particular cell context, could be responsible for different cellular functions during cancer progression (survival, migration, invasion, colonization or proliferation). Additionally, cooperative behavior between cell subpopulations with different phenotypes/stemness functions could also modulate their cellular plasticity. Here, we will discuss the role of senescence and senescence-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines on the induction of cellular plasticity, their effect role in establishing particular states within this spectrum of cell phenotypes and how this is accompanied by stem-like cell properties that, as the epithelial transitions, may also have a continuum of characteristics providing tumor cells with functional adaptability specifically useful in the different stages of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Vernot
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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73
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The gut microbiota metabolite urolithin A, but not other relevant urolithins, induces p53-dependent cellular senescence in human colon cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 139:111260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Santana-Rivera Y, Rabelo-Fernández RJ, Quiñones-Díaz BI, Grafals-Ruíz N, Santiago-Sánchez G, Lozada-Delgado EL, Echevarría-Vargas IM, Apiz J, Soto D, Rosado A, Meléndez L, Valiyeva F, Vivas-Mejía PE. Reduced expression of enolase-1 correlates with high intracellular glucose levels and increased senescence in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1275-1292. [PMID: 32355541 PMCID: PMC7191177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite good responses to first-line treatment with platinum-based combination chemotherapy, most ovarian cancer patients will relapse and eventually develop a platinum-resistant disease with a poor overall prognosis. The molecular events leading to the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells are not fully understood. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis to identify protein candidates deregulated in a cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line (A2780CP20) in comparison to their sensitive counterpart (A2780). Forty-eight proteins were differentially abundant in A2780CP20, as compared with A2780, cells. Enolase-1 (ENO1) was significantly decreased in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Western blots and RT-PCR confirmed our findings. Ectopic ENO1 expression increased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. In contrast, small-interfering (siRNA)-based ENO1 silencing in A2780 cells reduced the sensitivity of these cells to cisplatin treatment. Whereas glucose consumption was lower, intracellular levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells as compared with their cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (β-Gal) levels were higher in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells as compared with cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cells. β-Gal levels were decreased in ENO1 overexpressed clones. Protein levels of the cell cycle regulators and senescence markers p21 and p53 showed opposite expression patterns in cisplatin-resistant compared with cisplatin sensitive cells. Our studies suggest that decreased expression of ENO1 promotes glucose accumulation, induces senescence, and leads to cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmarie Santana-Rivera
- Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Robert J Rabelo-Fernández
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Blanca I Quiñones-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Nilmary Grafals-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Ginette Santiago-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Eunice L Lozada-Delgado
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Ileabett M Echevarría-Vargas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan Apiz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Cayey CampusCayey 00736, Puerto Rico
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Andrea Rosado
- Department of Interdisciplinary Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras CampusSan Juan 00927, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Loyda Meléndez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Fatima Valiyeva
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
| | - Pablo E Vivas-Mejía
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences CampusSan Juan 00935, Puerto Rico
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Bajbouj K, Shafarin J, Taneera J, Hamad M. Estrogen Signaling Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Associated Autophagy and Senescence in Breast Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E68. [PMID: 32244623 PMCID: PMC7235898 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that although estrogen (E2) disrupts cellular iron metabolism and induces oxidative stress in breast and ovarian cancer cells, it fails to induce apoptosis. However, E2 treatment was reported to enhance the apoptotic effects of doxorubicin in cancer cells. This suggests that E2 can precipitate anti-growth effects that render cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy. To investigate such anti-growth non-apoptotic, effects of E2 in cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were evaluated for the expression of key autophagy and senescence markers and for mitochondrial damage following E2 treatment. Treated cells experienced mitochondrial membrane depolarization along with increased expression of LC3-I/II, Pink1 and LAMP2, increased LC3-II accumulation and increased lysosomal and mitochondrial accumulation and flattening. E2-treated MCF-7 cells also showed reduced P53 and pRb780 expression and increased Rb and P21 expression. Increased expression of the autophagy markers ATG3 and Beclin1 along with increased levels of β-galactosidase activity and IL-6 production were evident in E2-treated MCF-7 cells. These findings suggest that E2 precipitates a form of mitochondrial damage that leads to cell senescence and autophagy in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud Bajbouj
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (K.B.); (J.S.); (J.T.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (K.B.); (J.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (K.B.); (J.S.); (J.T.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (K.B.); (J.S.); (J.T.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
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76
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Saleh T, Bloukh S, Carpenter VJ, Alwohoush E, Bakeer J, Darwish S, Azab B, Gewirtz DA. Therapy-Induced Senescence: An "Old" Friend Becomes the Enemy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040822. [PMID: 32235364 PMCID: PMC7226427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past two decades, cellular senescence has been recognized as a central component of the tumor cell response to chemotherapy and radiation. Traditionally, this form of senescence, termed Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS), was linked to extensive nuclear damage precipitated by classical genotoxic chemotherapy. However, a number of other forms of therapy have also been shown to induce senescence in tumor cells independently of direct genomic damage. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of both conventional and targeted anticancer therapeutics that have been shown to induce senescence in vitro and in vivo. Still, the utility of promoting senescence as a therapeutic endpoint remains under debate. Since senescence represents a durable form of growth arrest, it might be argued that senescence is a desirable outcome of cancer therapy. However, accumulating evidence suggesting that cells have the capacity to escape from TIS would support an alternative conclusion, that senescence provides an avenue whereby tumor cells can evade the potentially lethal action of anticancer drugs, allowing the cells to enter a temporary state of dormancy that eventually facilitates disease recurrence, often in a more aggressive state. Furthermore, TIS is now strongly connected to tumor cell remodeling, potentially to tumor dormancy, acquiring more ominous malignant phenotypes and accounts for several untoward adverse effects of cancer therapy. Here, we argue that senescence represents a barrier to effective anticancer treatment, and discuss the emerging efforts to identify and exploit agents with senolytic properties as a strategy for elimination of the persistent residual surviving tumor cell population, with the goal of mitigating the tumor-promoting influence of the senescent cells and to thereby reduce the likelihood of cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (T.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Bloukh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Valerie J. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Enas Alwohoush
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Jomana Bakeer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
| | - Sarah Darwish
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (T.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Belal Azab
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (S.B.); (E.A.); (J.B.); (B.A.)
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Triana-Martínez F, Loza MI, Domínguez E. Beyond Tumor Suppression: Senescence in Cancer Stemness and Tumor Dormancy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020346. [PMID: 32028565 PMCID: PMC7072600 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide an overview of the importance of cellular fate in cancer as a group of diseases of abnormal cell growth. Tumor development and progression is a highly dynamic process, with several phases of evolution. The existing evidence about the origin and consequences of cancer cell fate specification (e.g., proliferation, senescence, stemness, dormancy, quiescence, and cell cycle re-entry) in the context of tumor formation and metastasis is discussed. The interplay between these dynamic tumor cell phenotypes, the microenvironment, and the immune system is also reviewed in relation to cancer. We focus on the role of senescence during cancer progression, with a special emphasis on its relationship with stemness and dormancy. Selective interventions on senescence and dormancy cell fates, including the specific targeting of cancer cell populations to prevent detrimental effects in aging and disease, are also reviewed. A new conceptual framework about the impact of synthetic lethal strategies by using senogenics and then senolytics is given, with the promise of future directions on innovative anticancer therapies.
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78
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Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. DNA damage response and resistance of cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:106-117. [PMID: 31968219 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model defines tumors as hierarchically organized entities, containing a small population of tumorigenic CSC, or tumour-initiating cells, placed at the apex of this hierarchy. These cells may share common qualities with chemo- and radio-resistant cancer cells and contribute to self-renewal activities resulting in tumour formation, maintenance, growth and metastasis. Yet, it remains obscure what self-defense mechanisms are utilized by these cells against the chemotherapeutic drugs or radiotherapy. Recently, attention has been focused on the pivotal role of the DNA damage response (DDR) in tumorigenesis. In line with this note, an increased DDR that prevents CSC and chemoresistant cells from genotoxic pressure of chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation may be responsible for cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge concerning the role of DDR in CSC and resistant cancer cells and describe the existing opportunities of re-sensitizing such cells to modulate therapeutic treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna Abad
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
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79
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Diversity of the Senescence Phenotype of Cancer Cells Treated with Chemotherapeutic Agents. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121501. [PMID: 31771226 PMCID: PMC6952928 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is acknowledged that cancer cells are able to undergo senescence in response to clinically used chemotherapeutics. Moreover, recent years have provided evidence that some drugs can selectively remove senescent cells. Therefore, it is essential to properly identify and characterize senescent cells, especially when it comes to cancer. Senescence was induced in various cancer cell lines (A549, SH-SY-5Y, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7) following treatment with doxorubicin, irinotecan, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or paclitaxel. Treatment with tested chemotherapeutics resulted in upregulation of p21 and proliferation arrest without cytotoxicity. A comparative analysis with the use of common senescence markers (i.e., morphology, SA-β-galactosidase, granularity, secretory phenotype, and the level of double-stranded DNA damage) revealed a large diversity in response to the chemotherapeutics used. The strongest senescence inducers were doxorubicin, irinotecan, and methotrexate; paclitaxel had an intermediate effect and oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil did not induce senescence. In addition, different susceptibility of cancer cells to senescence was observed. A statistical analysis aimed at finding any relationship between the senescence markers applied did not show clear correlations. Moreover, increased SA-β-gal activity coupled with p21 expression proved not to be an unequivocal senescence marker. This points to a need to simultaneously analyze multiple markers, given their individual limitations.
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80
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Nagesh PK, Chowdhury P, Hatami E, Kumari S, Kashyap VK, Tripathi MK, Wagh S, Meibohm B, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM. Cross-Linked Polyphenol-Based Drug Nano-Self-Assemblies Engineered to Blockade Prostate Cancer Senescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38537-38554. [PMID: 31553876 PMCID: PMC8020616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is one of the prevailing issues in cancer therapeutics that promotes cancer relapse, chemoresistance, and recurrence. Patients undergoing persistent chemotherapy often develop drug-induced senescence. Docetaxel, an FDA-approved treatment for prostate cancer, is known to induce cellular senescence which often limits the overall survival of patients. Strategic therapies that counter the cellular and drug-induced senescence are an unmet clinical need. Towards this an effort was made to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that targets and removes senescent cells from the tumors, we developed a nanoformulation of tannic acid-docetaxel self-assemblies (DSAs). The construction of DSAs was confirmed through particle size measurements, spectroscopy, thermal, and biocompatibility studies. This formulation exhibited enhanced in vitro therapeutic activity in various biological functional assays with respect to native docetaxel treatments. Microarray and immunoblot analysis results demonstrated that DSAs exposure selectively deregulated senescence associated TGFβR1/FOXO1/p21 signaling. Decrease in β-galactosidase staining further suggested reversion of drug-induced senescence after DSAs exposure. Additionally, DSAs induced profound cell death by activation of apoptotic signaling through bypassing senescence. Furthermore, in vivo and ex vivo imaging analysis demonstrated the tumor targeting behavior of DSAs in mice bearing PC-3 xenograft tumors. The antisenescence and anticancer activity of DSAs was further shown in vivo by inhibiting TGFβR1 proteins and regressing tumor growth through apoptotic induction in the PC-3 xenograft mouse model. Overall, DSAs exhibited such advanced features due to a natural compound in the formulation as a matrix/binder for docetaxel. Overall, DSAs showed superior tumor targeting and improved cellular internalization, promoting docetaxel efficacy. These findings may have great implications in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K.B. Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Elham Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Sonam Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Manish K. Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Santosh Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Corresponding Author Mailing address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, 5300 North L Street, Room 2.249, McAllen, TX 78504. Phone: (956) 296-1705. Fax No: (956)-296-1325.
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81
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Hisamitsu S, Miyashita T, Hashimoto H, Neri S, Sugano M, Nakamura H, Yamazaki S, Ochiai A, Goto K, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. Interaction between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts after cisplatin treatment promotes cancer cell regrowth. Hum Cell 2019; 32:453-464. [PMID: 31441010 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Regrowth of cancer cells following chemotherapy is a significant problem for cancer patients. This study examined whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of a tumor microenvironment, promote cancer cell regrowth after chemotherapy. First, we treated human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and CAFs from four patients with cisplatin. Cisplatin treatment inhibited the viable cell number of A549 cells and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. After cisplatin was removed, A549 cells continued to manifest the mesenchymal phenotype and proliferated 2.2-fold in 4 days (regrowth of A549 cells). Cisplatin treatment inhibited the viable cell number of CAFs from four patients also. The CM (derived from cisplatin-pretreated CAFs from two patients) significantly enhanced the regrowth of cisplatin-pretreated A549 cells, and the CM derived from cisplatin-naïve CAFs marginally enhanced A549 regrowth. By contrast, the CM derived from either cisplatin-pretreated CAFs or cisplatin-naïve CAFs failed to enhance the growth of cisplatin-naïve A549 cells. The CM derived from cisplatin-pretreated CAFs did not enhance the proliferation of A549 cells in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced by TGFβ-1. Our findings indicate the possibility that humoral factors from cisplatin-pretreated CAFs promote the regrowth of cisplatin-pretreated A549 cells. These results suggest that interactions between cancer cells and CAFs may significantly enhance cancer cell regrowth within the tumor microenvironment after cisplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshi Hisamitsu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyashita
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Neri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Sugano
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shota Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.,Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. .,Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 277-8577, Chiba, Japan.
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82
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Gomes LR, Rocha CRR, Martins DJ, Fiore APZP, Kinker GS, Bruni-Cardoso A, Menck CFM. ATR mediates cisplatin resistance in 3D-cultured breast cancer cells via translesion DNA synthesis modulation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:459. [PMID: 31189884 PMCID: PMC6561919 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue architecture and cell–extracellular matrix (cell–ECM) interaction determine the organ specificity; however, the influences of these factors on anticancer drugs preclinical studies are highly neglected. For considering such aspects, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are relevant tools for accurate analysis of cellular responses to chemotherapy. Here we compared the MCF-7 breast cancer cells responses to cisplatin in traditional two-dimensional (2D) and in 3D-reconstituted basement membrane (3D-rBM) cell culture models. The results showed a substantial increase of cisplatin resistance mediated by 3D microenvironment. This phenotype was independent of p53 status and autophagy activity and was also observed for other cellular models, including lung cancer cells. Such strong decrease on cellular sensitivity was not due to differences on drug-induced DNA damage, since similar levels of γ-H2AX and cisplatin–DNA adducts were detected under both conditions. However, the processing of these cisplatin-induced DNA lesions was very different in 2D and 3D cultures. Unlike cells in monolayer, cisplatin-induced DNA damage is persistent in 3D-cultured cells, which, consequently, led to high senescence induction. Moreover, only 3D-cultured cells were able to progress through S cell cycle phase, with unaffected replication fork progression, due to the upregulation of translesion (TLS) DNA polymerase expression and activation of the ATR-Chk1 pathway. Co-treatment with VE-821, a pharmacological inhibitor of ATR, blocked the 3D-mediated changes on cisplatin response, including low sensitivity and high TLS capacity. In addition, ATR inhibition also reverted induction of REV3L by cisplatin treatment. By using REV3L-deficient cells, we showed that this TLS DNA polymerase is essential for the cisplatin sensitization effect mediated by VE-821. Altogether, our results demonstrate that 3D-cell architecture-associated resistance to cisplatin is due to an efficient induction of REV3L and TLS, dependent of ATR. Thus co-treatment with ATR inhibitors might be a promising strategy for enhancement of cisplatin treatment efficiency in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rodrigues Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi Jardim Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Sarti Kinker
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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83
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de Matos MR, Posa I, Carvalho FS, Morais VA, Grosso AR, de Almeida SF. A Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis of Genetic Heterogeneity Reveals Associations with Epigenetic Modifiers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E391. [PMID: 30897760 PMCID: PMC6468518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumor genetic heterogeneity (ITH) is the main obstacle to effective cancer treatment and a major mechanism of drug resistance. It results from the continuous evolution of different clones of a tumor over time. However, the molecular features underlying the emergence of genetically-distinct subclonal cell populations remain elusive. Here, we conducted an exhaustive characterization of ITH across 2807 tumor samples from 16 cancer types. Integration of ITH scores and somatic variants detected in each tumor sample revealed that mutations in epigenetic modifier genes are associated with higher ITH levels. In particular, genes that regulate genome-wide histone and DNA methylation emerged as being determinant of high ITH. Indeed, the knockout of histone methyltransferase SETD2 or DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A using the CRISPR/Cas9 system on cancer cells led to significant expansion of genetically-distinct clones and culminated in highly heterogeneous cell populations. The ITH scores observed in knockout cells recapitulated the heterogeneity levels observed in patient tumor samples and correlated with a better mitochondrial bioenergetic performance under stress conditions. Our work provides new insights into tumor development, and discloses new drivers of ITH, which may be useful as either predictive biomarkers or therapeutic targets to improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Ramos de Matos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ioana Posa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipa Sofia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vanessa Alexandra Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Grosso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sérgio Fernandes de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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84
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Nagy G, Király G, Veres P, Lázár I, Fábián I, Bánfalvi G, Juhász I, Kalmár J. Controlled release of methotrexate from functionalized silica-gelatin aerogel microparticles applied against tumor cell growth. Int J Pharm 2019; 558:396-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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85
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Abstract
Originally thought of as a stress response end point, the view of cellular senescence has since evolved into one encompassing a wide range of physiological and pathological functions, including both protumorignic and antitumorigenic features. It has also become evident that senescence is a highly dynamic and heterogenous process. Efforts to reconcile the beneficial and detrimental features of senescence suggest that physiological functions require the transient presence of senescent cells in the tissue microenvironment. Here, we propose the concept of a physiological "senescence life cycle," which has pathological consequences if not executed in its entirety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelyne Sue Li Chan
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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86
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Talukdar S, Bhoopathi P, Emdad L, Das S, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Dormancy and cancer stem cells: An enigma for cancer therapeutic targeting. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:43-84. [PMID: 30691685 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dormancy occurs when cells remain viable but stop proliferating. When most of a cancer population undergoes this phenomenon, the result is called tumor dormancy, and when a single cancer cell undergoes this process, it is termed quiescence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) share several overlapping characteristics and signaling pathways with dormant cancer cells, including therapy resistance, and an ability to metastasize and evade the immune system. Cancer cells can be broadly grouped into dormancy-competent CSCs (DCCs), cancer-repopulating cells (CRCs), dormancy-incompetent CSCs and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). The settings in which cancer cells exploit the dormancy phase to survive and adapt are: (i) primary cancer dormancy; (ii) metastatic dormancy; (iii) therapy-induced dormancy; and (iv) immunologic dormancy. Dormancy, therapy resistance and plasticity of CSCs are fundamentally interconnected processes mediated through mechanisms involving reversible genetic alterations. Niches including metastatic, bone marrow, and perivascular are known to harbor dormant cancer cells. Mechanisms of dormancy induction are complex and multi-factorial and can involve angiogenic switching, addictive oncogene inhibition, immunoediting, anoikis, therapy, autophagy, senescence, epigenetic, and biophysical regulation. Therapy can have opposing effects on cancer cells with respect to dormancy; some therapies can induce dormancy, while others can reactivate dormant cells. There is a lack of consensus relative to the value of therapy-induced dormancy, i.e., some researchers view dormancy induction as a beneficial strategy as it can lead to metastasis inhibition, while others argue that reactivating dormant cancer cells and then eliminating them through therapy are a better approach. More focused investigations of intrinsic cell kinetics and environmental dynamics that promote and maintain cancer cells in a dormant state, and the long-term consequences of dormancy are critical for improving current therapeutic treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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87
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Saleh T, Tyutyunyk-Massey L, Murray GF, Alotaibi MR, Kawale AS, Elsayed Z, Henderson SC, Yakovlev V, Elmore LW, Toor A, Harada H, Reed J, Landry JW, Gewirtz DA. Tumor cell escape from therapy-induced senescence. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 162:202-212. [PMID: 30576620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
H460 non-small cell lung, HCT116 colon and 4T1 breast tumor cell lines induced into senescence by exposure to either etoposide or doxorubicin were able to recover proliferative capacity both in mass culture and when enriched for the senescence-like phenotype by flow cytometry (based on β-galactosidase staining and cell size, and a senescence-associated reporter, BTG1-RFP). Recovery was further established using both real-time microscopy and High-Speed Live-Cell Interferometry (HSLCI) and was shown to be accompanied by the attenuation of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Cells enriched for the senescence-like phenotype were also capable of forming tumors when implanted in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice. As chemotherapy-induced senescence has been identified in patient tumors, our results suggest that certain senescence-like phenotypes may not reflect a terminal state of growth arrest, as cells that recover with self-renewal capacity may ultimately contribute to disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Graeme F Murray
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Ajinkya S Kawale
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Zeinab Elsayed
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Scott C Henderson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Vasily Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lynne W Elmore
- Department of Extramural Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amir Toor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jason Reed
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Joseph W Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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88
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Chromosomal instability-induced senescence potentiates cell non-autonomous tumourigenic effects. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:62. [PMID: 30108207 PMCID: PMC6092349 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN), a high rate of chromosome loss or gain, is often associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance in cancers. Aneuploid, including near-polyploid, cells contain an abnormal number of chromosomes and exhibit CIN. The post-mitotic cell fates following generation of different degrees of chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy are unclear. Here we used aneuploidy inducers, nocodazole and reversine, to create different levels of aneuploidy. A higher extent of aneuploid and near-polyploid cells in a given population led to senescence. This was in contrast to cells with relatively lower levels of abnormal ploidy that continued to proliferate. Our findings revealed that senescence was accompanied by DNA damage and robust p53 activation. These senescent cells acquired the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Depletion of p53 reduced the number of senescent cells with concomitant increase in cells undergoing DNA replication. Characterisation of these SASP factors demonstrated that they conferred paracrine pro-tumourigenic effects such as invasion, migration and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, a correlation between increased aneuploidy and senescence was observed at the invasive front in breast carcinomas. Our findings demonstrate functional non-equivalence of discernable aneuploidies on tumourigenesis and suggest a cell non-autonomous mechanism by which aneuploidy-induced senescent cells and SASP can affect the tumour microenvironment to promote tumour progression.
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89
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Jakhar R, Luijten MN, Wong AX, Cheng B, Guo K, Neo SP, Au B, Kulkarni M, Lim KJ, Maimaiti J, Chong HC, Lim EH, Tan TB, Ong KW, Sim Y, Wong JS, Khoo JB, Ho JT, Chua BT, Sinha I, Wang X, Connolly JE, Gunaratne J, Crasta KC. Autophagy Governs Protumorigenic Effects of Mitotic Slippage–induced Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1625-1640. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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90
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Yanai H, Fraifeld VE. The role of cellular senescence in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:18-33. [PMID: 29106993 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since Hayflick's discovery of cellular senescence (CS), a great volume of knowledge in the field has been accumulated and intensively discussed. Here, we attempted to organize the evidence "for" and "against" the hypothesized causal role of CS in aging. For that purpose, we utilized robust Koch-like logical criteria, based on the assumption that some quantitative relationships between the accumulation of senescent cells and aging rate should exist. If so, it could be expected that (i) the "CS load" would be greater in the premature aging phenotype and lesser in longevity phenotype; (ii) CS would promote age-related diseases, and (iii) the interventions that modulate the levels of senescent cells should also modulate health/lifespan. The analysis shows that CS can be considered a causal factor of aging and an important player in various age-related diseases, though its contribution may greatly vary across species. While the relative impact of senescent cells to aging could overall be rather limited and their elimination is hardly expected to be the "fountain of youth", the potential benefits of the senolytic strategy seems a promising option in combating age-related diseases and extending healthspan.
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