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Khor BH, Narayanan SS, Sahathevan S, Gafor AHA, Daud ZAM, Khosla P, Sabatino A, Fiaccadori E, Chinna K, Karupaiah T. Efficacy of Nutritional Interventions on Inflammatory Markers in Haemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Limited Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040397. [PMID: 29570616 PMCID: PMC5946182 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation is prevalent in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) treatment and is linked to the development of premature atherosclerosis and mortality. The non-pharmacological approach to treat inflammation in HD patients through nutritional intervention is well cited. We aimed to assess the efficacy of different nutritional interventions at improving inflammatory outcomes in HD patients, based on markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCT) published before June 2017. Inclusion criteria included RCTs on adult patients on maintenance HD treatment with duration of nutritional interventions for a minimum 4 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using the Jadad score. In total, 46 RCTs experimenting different nutritional interventions were included in the review and categorized into polyphenols rich foods, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamin D, fibres, and probiotics. Meta-analyses indicated significant reduction in CRP levels by omega-3 fatty acids (Random model effect: -0.667 mg/L, p < 0.001) and vitamin E (fixed model effect: -0.257 mg/L, p = 0.005). Evidence for other groups of nutritional interventions was inconclusive. In conclusion, our meta-analysis provided evidence that omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E could improve inflammatory outcomes in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban-Hock Khor
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | | | - Sharmela Sahathevan
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Pramod Khosla
- Department of Nutrition & Food Sciences, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Alice Sabatino
- Acute and Chronic Renal Failure Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Enrico Fiaccadori
- Acute and Chronic Renal Failure Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Tilakavati Karupaiah
- Dietetics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
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Veronese N, Solmi M, Caruso MG, Giannelli G, Osella AR, Evangelou E, Maggi S, Fontana L, Stubbs B, Tzoulaki I. Dietary fiber and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:436-444. [PMID: 29566200 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have suggested that higher consumption of dietary fiber is beneficial for a variety of health outcomes. However, many results have been inconclusive and, to our knowledge, there has been no attempt to systematically capture the breadth of outcomes associated with dietary fiber intake or to systematically assess the quality and the strength of the evidence on the associations of dietary fiber intake and different health outcomes or medical conditions. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the diverse health outcomes convincingly associated with dietary fiber consumption. Design This was an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis of observational studies. For each association, random-effects summary effect size, 95% CIs, and 95% prediction intervals were estimated. We also assessed heterogeneity, evidence for small-study effect, and evidence for excess significance bias. We used these metrics to evaluate the credibility of the identified evidence. Results Our literature search identified 1351 abstracts. Of these, 18 meta-analyses including a total of 298 prospective observational studies and 21 outcomes were included. Outcomes studied included cancer and precancer lesions (n = 12), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs; n = 3), all-cause and specific-cause mortality (n = 4), type 2 diabetes (n = 1), and Crohn disease (n = 1). Overall, 6 (29%) of the 21 eligible outcomes reported highly significant summary results (P < 1 × 10-6); these included CVD and CVD mortality, coronary artery disease, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer. Overall, 3 of 21 (14%) outcomes presented convincing evidence (pancreatic cancer, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality), but only CVD and all-cause mortality were based on prospective studies. Two other outcomes (10%), CVD and coronary artery disease, presented highly suggestive evidence based on prospective studies. Conclusion Our results support dietary recommendations that promote higher fiber intake as part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caruso
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Alberto R Osella
- Ambulatory of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Gastroenterology-Research Hospital, "Saverio de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC-PHE Center for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University Medical School, Brescia, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health System Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Social Care, and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and MRC-PHE Center for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of MRC-PHE Center for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Barrea L, Di Somma C, Muscogiuri G, Tarantino G, Tenore GC, Orio F, Colao A, Savastano S. Nutrition, inflammation and liver-spleen axis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:3141-3158. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1353479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- I.O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, Medicina Futura Medical Center, Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, Unit of Endocrinology, “Parthenope” University of Naples, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 38, Naples, Italy
- Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 38, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
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Edrisi F, Salehi M, Ahmadi A, Fararoei M, Rusta F, Mahmoodianfard S. Effects of supplementation with rice husk powder and rice bran on inflammatory factors in overweight and obese adults following an energy-restricted diet: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:833-843. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McLoughlin RF, Berthon BS, Jensen ME, Baines KJ, Wood LG. Short-chain fatty acids, prebiotics, synbiotics, and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:930-945. [PMID: 28793992 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.156265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic soluble fibers are fermented by beneficial bacteria in the colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are proposed to have systemic anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE This review examines the effect of SCFAs, prebiotics, and pre- and probiotic combinations (synbiotics) on systemic inflammation. DESIGN Relevant English language studies from 1947 to May 2017 were identified with the use of online databases. Studies were considered eligible if they examined the effects of SCFAs, prebiotics, or synbiotics; were delivered orally, intravenously, or per rectum; were on biomarkers of systemic inflammation in humans; and performed meta-analysis where possible. RESULTS Sixty-eight studies were included. Fourteen of 29 prebiotic studies and 13 of 26 synbiotic studies reported a significant decrease in ≥1 marker of systemic inflammation. Eight studies compared prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation, 2 of which reported a decrease in inflammation with synbiotics only, with 1 reporting a greater anti-inflammatory effect with synbiotics than with prebiotics alone. Meta-analyses indicated that prebiotics reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.60; 95% CI: -0.98, -0.23], and synbiotics reduce CRP (SMD: -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.06) and tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD -0.90; 95% CI: -1.50, -0.30). CONCLUSIONS There is significant heterogeneity of outcomes in studies examining the effect of prebiotics and synbiotics on systemic inflammation. Approximately 50% of included studies reported a decrease in ≥1 inflammatory biomarker. The inconsistency in reported outcomes may be due to heterogeneity in study design, supplement formulation, dosage, duration, and subject population. Nonetheless, meta-analyses provide evidence to support the systemic anti-inflammatory effects of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F McLoughlin
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan E Jensen
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Shin D, Hur J, Cho EH, Chung HK, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Lee KW. Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index Is Associated with Dietary Inflammatory Index and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2017; 9:E351. [PMID: 28368304 PMCID: PMC5409690 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been a limited number of studies examining the association between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and dietary inflammation during pregnancy. Our aim is to examine the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)™ and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations during pregnancy. The study included 631 pregnant American women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectional examinations from 2003 to 2012. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated based on self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and measured height. The cut-offs of <18.5 (underweight), 18.5-24.9 (normal), 25.0-29.9 (overweight), and ≥30 kg/m² (obese) were used to categorize the weight status of pregnant women prior to pregnancy. The DII, a literature-based dietary index to assess the inflammatory properties of diet, was estimated based on a one-day 24-h recall. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were performed to estimate beta coefficients and the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) on the association of pre-pregnancy BMI categories with the DII and CRP concentrations during pregnancy. After controlling for variables including: race/ethnicity, family poverty income ratio, education, marital status, month in pregnancy, and smoking status during pregnancy; women who were obese before pregnancy (n = 136) had increased odds for being in the highest tertile of the DII and CRP concentrations compared to women with normal weight (AORs 2.40, 95% CIs 1.01-5.71; AORs 24.84, 95% CIs 6.19-99.67, respectively). These findings suggest that women with pre-pregnancy obesity had greater odds of reporting higher DII and having elevated CRP. In conclusion, high pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with increased odds of pro-inflammatory diet and elevated CRP levels during pregnancy in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayeon Shin
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Nursing & Professional Disciplines, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - Eun-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Korea.
| | - Hae-Kyung Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea.
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Khayyatzadeh SS, Kazemi-Bajestani SMR, Bagherniya M, Mehramiz M, Tayefi M, Ebrahimi M, Ferns GA, Safarian M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Serum high C reactive protein concentrations are related to the intake of dietary macronutrients and fiber: Findings from a large representative Persian population sample. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:750-755. [PMID: 28336391 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum high-sensitivity CRP is a marker of inflammation and an independent predictor of chronic diseases. However, the effect of diet on serum hs-CRP is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary macronutrient intake and serum hs-CRP. DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 9778 adults, aged 35-65years as part of the MASHAD study. Dietary intake was determined using 24-hour dietary recall and several biochemical parameters including serum hs-CRP were measured. Analysis of covariance was used for assessment of crude and energy-adjusted nutrients across quartiles of serum hs-CRP. To find the association of dietary nutrients intake and serum hs-CRP level, we used logistic regression in different model. RESULTS Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate analyses indicate that there was a significant positive association between dietary protein and sodium intake and serum hs-CRP concentrations. There was also a positive association with dietary fat and cholesterol and serum hs-CRP in the adjusted models. There was a significant inverse association between dietary carbohydrate and fiber consumption and serum hs-CRP in both crude and adjusted models. CONCLUSION We have found a significant positive association between the dietary intake of fat, protein, cholesterol and sodium and hs-CRP level, and an inverse correlation between dietary carbohydrate and fiber and serum hs-CRP in a large representative Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Reza Kazemi-Bajestani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Department of Oncology, Division of Palliative Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehraneh Mehramiz
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran..
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran..
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Kapoor MP, Ishihara N, Okubo T. Soluble dietary fibre partially hydrolysed guar gum markedly impacts on postprandial hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and incretins metabolic hormones over time in healthy and glucose intolerant subjects. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Satija A, Bhupathiraju SN, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Chiuve SE, Borgi L, Willett WC, Manson JE, Sun Q, Hu FB. Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in US Men and Women: Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies. PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1002039. [PMID: 27299701 PMCID: PMC4907448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets have been recommended to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, not all plant foods are necessarily beneficial. We examined the association of an overall plant-based diet and hypothesized healthful and unhealthful versions of a plant-based diet with T2D incidence in three prospective cohort studies in the US. METHODS AND FINDINGS We included 69,949 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2012), 90,239 women from the Nurses' Health Study 2 (1991-2011), and 40,539 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010), free of chronic diseases at baseline. Dietary data were collected every 2-4 y using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using these data, we created an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), where plant foods received positive scores, while animal foods (animal fats, dairy, eggs, fish/seafood, poultry/red meat, miscellaneous animal-based foods) received reverse scores. We also created a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), where healthy plant foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, tea/coffee) received positive scores, while less healthy plant foods (fruit juices, sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, sweets/desserts) and animal foods received reverse scores. Lastly, we created an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI) by assigning positive scores to less healthy plant foods and reverse scores to healthy plant foods and animal foods. We documented 16,162 incident T2D cases during 4,102,369 person-years of follow-up. In pooled multivariable-adjusted analysis, both PDI and hPDI were inversely associated with T2D (PDI: hazard ratio [HR] for extreme deciles 0.51, 95% CI 0.47-0.55, p trend < 0.001; hPDI: HR for extreme deciles 0.55, 95% CI 0.51-0.59, p trend < 0.001). The association of T2D with PDI was considerably attenuated when we additionally adjusted for body mass index (BMI) categories (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.87, p trend < 0.001), while that with hPDI remained largely unchanged (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.61-0.72, p trend < 0.001). uPDI was positively associated with T2D even after BMI adjustment (HR for extreme deciles 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.25, p trend < 0.001). Limitations of the study include self-reported diet assessment, with the possibility of measurement error, and the potential for residual or unmeasured confounding given the observational nature of the study design. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that plant-based diets, especially when rich in high-quality plant foods, are associated with substantially lower risk of developing T2D. This supports current recommendations to shift to diets rich in healthy plant foods, with lower intake of less healthy plant and animal foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Satija
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie E. Chiuve
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lea Borgi
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Adequately diversified dietary intake and iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is associated with reduced occurrence of symptoms suggestive of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia in Indian women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119120. [PMID: 25785774 PMCID: PMC4364955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Pre-eclampsia or Eclampsia (PE or E) accounts for 25% of cases of maternal mortality worldwide. There is some evidence of a link to dietary factors, but few studies have explored this association in developing countries, where the majority of the burden falls. We examined the association between adequately diversified dietary intake, iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and symptoms suggestive of PE or E in Indian women. Methods Cross-sectional data from India’s third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005-06) was used for this study. Self-reported symptoms suggestive of PE or E during pregnancy were obtained from 39,657 women aged 15-49 years who had had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between adequately diversified dietary intake, iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and symptoms suggestive of PE or E after adjusting for maternal, health and lifestyle factors, and socio-demographic characteristics of the mother. Results In their most recent pregnancy, 1.2% (n=456) of the study sample experienced symptoms suggestive of PE or E. Mothers who consumed an adequately diversified diet were 34% less likely (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51-0.87) to report PE or E symptoms than mothers with inadequately diversified dietary intake. The likelihood of reporting PE or E symptoms was also 36% lower (OR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.88) among those mothers who consumed iron and folic acid supplementation for at least 90 days during their last pregnancy. As a sensitivity analysis, we stratified our models sequentially by education, wealth, antenatal care visits, birth interval, and parity. Our results remained largely unchanged: both adequately diversified dietary intake and iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy were associated with a reduced occurrence of PE or E symptoms. Conclusion Having a adequately diversified dietary intake and iron and folic acid supplementation in pregnancy was associated with a reduced occurrence of symptoms suggestive of PE or E in Indian women.
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Saneei P, Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Esmaillzadeh A. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet affects inflammation in childhood metabolic syndrome: a randomized cross-over clinical trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2015; 64:20-7. [PMID: 24686130 DOI: 10.1159/000358341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet on inflammation in childhood metabolic syndrome (MetS) have still to be identified. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of the DASH diet on markers of systemic inflammation in adolescents with MetS. METHODS In this randomized, cross-over clinical trial, 60 postpubescent girls with MetS were randomly assigned to receive either the DASH diet menu cycles or usual dietary advice (UDA) for 6 weeks. After a 4-week washout period, participants were crossed over to the alternate arm. The DASH diet was designed to maintain the current body weight. This diet contained high amounts of fruit, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and was low in saturated fats and cholesterol. UDA consisted of general oral advice and written information about healthy food choices based on the Healthy Eating Plate. Compliance to the DASH diet was assessed through quantification of plasma vitamin C levels. Fasting venous blood samples were taken 4 times from each participant: at baseline and at the end of each study arm. Circulating levels of biomarkers of systemic inflammation were quantified according to standard protocols. RESULTS Mean (SD) age and weight of participants was 14.2 years (1.7) and 69 kg (14.5), respectively. Serum vitamin C levels tended to increase during the DASH phase compared with the UDA phase (16.8 ± 12.9 vs. -13.8 ± 9.7 ng/dl, respectively, p = 0.06) indicating a relatively good compliance to the DASH diet. Adherence to the DASH diet, compared to the UDA, had a significant effect on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.002). This effect remained significant even after adjustment for weight changes and after further controlling for changes in lipid profiles. We did not observe any significant effect of intervention on levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and adiponectin, in either the crude or adjusted models. There were no significant group*time interactions for any dependent variable, except for IL-6; this was close to the significant level. CONCLUSION In summary, consumption of the DASH eating pattern for 6 weeks may reduce circulating levels of hs-CRP among adolescents with MetS. Other inflammatory markers were not affected by the DASH diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Sutliffe JT, Wilson LD, de Heer HD, Foster RL, Carnot MJ. C-reactive protein response to a vegan lifestyle intervention. Complement Ther Med 2014; 23:32-7. [PMID: 25637150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief lifestyle intervention, including a vegan diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains and various legumes, nuts and seeds, significantly improved health risk factors and reduced systemic inflammation as measured by circulating CRP. The degree of improvement was associated with baseline CRP such that higher levels predicted greater decreases. The interaction between gender and baseline CRP was significant and showed that males with higher baseline CRP levels appeared to have a more robust decrease in CRP due to the intervention than did their female counterparts. It is likely that the vegetable and high fiber content of a vegan diet reduces CRP in the presences of obesity. Neither the quantity of exercise nor the length of stay was significant predictors of CRP reduction. Additionally, those participants who had a vegan diet prior to the intervention had the lowest CRP risk coming into the program. Direct measure of body fat composition, estrogen and other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha would enhance current understanding of the specific mechanisms of CRP reduction related to lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay T Sutliffe
- Northern Arizona University, College of Health & Human Services, PO Box 15095, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States.
| | - Lori D Wilson
- Northern Arizona University, College of Health & Human Services, PO Box 15095, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States
| | - Hendrik D de Heer
- Northern Arizona University, College of Health & Human Services, PO Box 15095, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States
| | - Ray L Foster
- Black Hills Health & Education Center, PO Box 19, Hermosa, SD 57744, United States
| | - Mary Jo Carnot
- Chadron State College, 1000 Main Street, Chadron, NE 69337, United States
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Dietary fiber effects in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:761-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Torjusen H, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M, Alexander J, Bakketeig LS, Lieblein G, Stigum H, Næs T, Swartz J, Holmboe-Ottesen G, Roos G, Meltzer HM. Reduced risk of pre-eclampsia with organic vegetable consumption: results from the prospective Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006143. [PMID: 25208850 PMCID: PMC4160835 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the potential health effects of eating organic food either in the general population or during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine associations between organic food consumption during pregnancy and the risk of pre-eclampsia among nulliparous Norwegian women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Norway, years 2002-2008. PARTICIPANTS 28 192 pregnant women (nulliparous, answered food frequency questionnaire and general health questionnaire in mid-pregnancy and no missing information on height, body weight or gestational weight gain). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Relative risk was estimated as ORs by performing binary logistic regression with pre-eclampsia as the outcome and organic food consumption as the exposure. RESULTS The prevalence of pre-eclampsia in the study sample was 5.3% (n=1491). Women who reported to have eaten organic vegetables 'often' or 'mostly' (n=2493, 8.8%) had lower risk of pre-eclampsia than those who reported 'never/rarely' or 'sometimes' (crude OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.96; adjusted OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.99). The lower risk associated with high organic vegetable consumption was evident also when adjusting for overall dietary quality, assessed as scores on a healthy food pattern derived by principal component analysis. No associations with pre-eclampsia were found for high intake of organic fruit, cereals, eggs or milk, or a combined index reflecting organic consumption. CONCLUSIONS These results show that choosing organically grown vegetables during pregnancy was associated with reduced risk of pre-eclampsia. Possible explanations for an association between pre-eclampsia and use of organic vegetables could be that organic vegetables may change the exposure to pesticides, secondary plant metabolites and/or influence the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Torjusen
- National Institute for Consumer Research (SIFO), Oslo, Norway
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Office of the Director-General, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leiv S Bakketeig
- Division of Epidemiology, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Lieblein
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Division of Epidemiology, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tormod Næs
- Nofima, Ås, Norway
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jackie Swartz
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Vidarkliniken, Järna, Sweden
| | - Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen
- Department of General Practice and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Gun Roos
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Taneyo Saa D, Turroni S, Serrazanetti DI, Rampelli S, Maccaferri S, Candela M, Severgnini M, Simonetti E, Brigidi P, Gianotti A. Impact of Kamut® Khorasan on gut microbiota and metabolome in healthy volunteers. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rebello CJ, Greenway FL, Finley JW. Whole grains and pulses: a comparison of the nutritional and health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7029-7049. [PMID: 24992700 DOI: 10.1021/jf500932z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention and management of disease. Whole grain cereals contain a host of nutrients and bioactive substances that have health-promoting effects. Epidemiological evidence shows a consistent inverse association between whole grain intake and the risk of chronic disease. Despite a concerted effort by scientists, educators, and policy makers to promote the consumption of whole grains, it remains dismally short of the recommended intakes. Pulses (dried beans and peas) differ from whole grains in their structural and physicochemical properties and have varying amounts of fiber, resistant starch, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive components; nevertheless, these food groups complement each other. Observational as well as intervention trials show that pulse consumption has beneficial effects on the prevention and management of chronic disease. The nutritional and phytochemical components of pulses coupled with those of whole grains suggest a potential synergistic effect that could provide significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida J Rebello
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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68
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Mahalle N, Kulkarni MV, Naik SS, Garg MK. Association of dietary factors with insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in subjects with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease in Indian population. J Diabetes Complications 2014; 28:536-41. [PMID: 24746438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation have been implicated in pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Dietary factors have been reported to be associated to insulin resistance and inflammation. Hence, we studied the association of dietary factors with IR and inflammation in known patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease with the hypothesis that carbohydrate and fat will be positively; and protein, fiber and mineral will be negatively associated with IR and inflammatory markers. METHODS Three hundred patients (M: 216; F: 84, age: 25-92) who had coronary disease on angiography were included in this study consecutively. All patients were evaluated for anthropometry and cardiovascular risk factors, and blood samples were collected for biochemical and inflammatory markers. Nutrition assessment was done once at the time of recruitment, based on 24h dietary recall. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients had significantly lower protein and total dietary fiber intake as compared to non diabetics. Diabetic patients had lower intake of vitamin A, riboflavin and vitamin B12. There was significantly lower intake of minerals by diabetic patients. Dietary carbohydrate and fat were positively, and protein and dietary fiber intakes were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and IL-6. There was no correlation of individual amino acids with HOMA-IR but showed strong negative correlation with inflammatory markers (hsCRP; IL-6 and TNF-α). Intake of vitamins and minerals was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and inflammatory markers. There is a strong correlation between dietary factors, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mahalle
- Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Biochemistry Section, Department of Pathology, Erandawane, Pune-411004, India; Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune.
| | - M V Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Pune
| | - S S Naik
- Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Biochemistry Section, Department of Pathology, Erandawane, Pune-411004, India; Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune
| | - M K Garg
- Department of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune
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Associations of the Baltic Sea diet with cardiometabolic risk factors – a meta-analysis of three Finnish studies. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:616-26. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia, hypertension and low-grade inflammation increase the risk of CVD. In the present meta-analysis, we examined whether adherence to a healthy Nordic diet, also called the Baltic Sea diet, may associate with a lower risk of these cardiometabolic risk factors. In 2001–2007, three cross-sectional Finnish studies were conducted: the Dietary, Lifestyle and Genetic Determinants of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome study (n4776); Health 2000 Survey (n5180); Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (n1972). The following parameters were assessed in these three studies: blood pressure, total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, TAG and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP); a validated FFQ was used to assess the participants' dietary intakes. The Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) was developed based on the healthy Nordic diet. All studies assessed confounding variables, such as physical activity and BMI, based on standardised questionnaires and measurements. The random-effects meta-analysis provided summary estimates for OR and 95 % CI by the BSDS quintiles. In the meta-analysis, the risk of elevated hs-CRP concentration was lower among men (OR 0·58, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·78) and women (OR 0·73, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·91) in the highest BSDS quintile than among those in the lowest BSDS quintile. In contrast, the risk of lowered HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher among women (OR 1·67, 95 % CI 1·12, 2·48) in the highest BSDS quintile than among those in the lowest BSDS quintile. However, no other associations were found. In conclusion, the associations between the adherence to the healthy Nordic diet and cardiometabolic risk factors are equivocal. Longitudinal studies are needed to further examine this hypothesis.
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70
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Fechner A, Kiehntopf M, Jahreis G. The formation of short-chain fatty acids is positively associated with the blood lipid-lowering effect of lupin kernel fiber in moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. J Nutr 2014; 144:599-607. [PMID: 24572041 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.186858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupin kernel fiber beneficially modifies blood lipids because of its bile acid-binding capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of a lupin kernel fiber preparation on cardiovascular diseases and to clarify possible mechanisms. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial, 60 moderately hypercholesterolemic adults (plasma total cholesterol: >5.2 mmol/L) passed 3 intervention periods in different orders with a 2-wk washout phase between each. Participants consumed either a high-fiber diet containing 25-g/d lupin kernel fiber (LF) or citrus fiber (CF), or a low-fiber control diet (CD) for 4 wk each. Anthropometric, plasma, and fecal variables were assessed at baseline and after the interventions. Contrary to the CF period, total (9%) and LDL (12%) cholesterol as well as triacylglycerols (10%) were lower after the LF period when compared with the CD period [P ≤ 0.02, adjusted for baseline, age, gender, and body mass index (BMI)]. HDL cholesterol remained unchanged. Moreover, the LF period reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P = 0.02) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.01) when compared with baseline. Bile acid binding could not be shown because the excretion of total bile acids remained constant after the high-fiber diets. However, the LF period resulted in an enhanced formation of the main short-chain fatty acids in comparison with the CD period. During the CF period, only acetate increased significantly. Both high-fiber diets led to higher satiety and modified nutritional behavior, resulting in significantly lower body weight, BMI, and waist circumference compared with the CD period. The blood lipid-lowering effects of LF are apparently not a result of bile acid binding. Rather, we hypothesize for the first time, to our knowledge, that the blood lipid-lowering effects of LF may be mainly attributed to the formation of short-chain fatty acids, specifically propionate and acetate. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01035086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fechner
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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71
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Rebello CJ, Greenway FL, Finley JW. A review of the nutritional value of legumes and their effects on obesity and its related co-morbidities. Obes Rev 2014; 15:392-407. [PMID: 24433379 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the proportion of overweight and obese people in the United States has grown at an alarming rate. An awareness of the consequences of obesity on the health and well-being of individuals is evident in the plethora of strategic plans at the local and national levels, most of which have largely fallen short of their goals. If interventions continue to be unsuccessful, it is estimated that approximately three of four Americans will be overweight or obese by 2020. Prevention of excess weight gain can be accomplished with relatively small changes in lifestyle behaviours to control body weight. Small sustainable changes are perhaps better than efforts to achieve larger changes that cannot be sustained. Legumes can be a valuable food by which the needs of the undernourished or under-served populations could be met. They can be incorporated into meat products, such as sausages and burgers, to lower the energy density of these foods while providing important nutrients. Replacing energy-dense foods with legumes has been shown to have beneficial effects on the prevention and management of obesity and related disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. This review explores the nutritional value and obesity-related health benefits of legume consumption while focusing on pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Rebello
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Kanerva N, Loo BM, Eriksson JG, Leiviskä J, Kaartinen NE, Jula A, Männistö S. Associations of the Baltic Sea diet with obesity-related markers of inflammation. Ann Med 2014; 46:90-6. [PMID: 24447090 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.870020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is an important contributor to the development of chronic diseases. We examined whether a healthy Nordic diet, also called the Baltic Sea diet, associates with lower concentrations of inflammatory markers. METHODS We used two independent cross-sectional studies: the DILGOM study including Finnish participants aged 25-74 years (n = 4579), and the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study including individuals born at Helsinki University Central Hospital between 1934 and 1944 and who participated in a clinical examination in 2001-2004 (n = 1911). Both studies measured anthropometrics, drew blood, and assessed concentrations of leptin, high-molecular-weight adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). A food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary intake over the past year and calculate the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS). RESULTS In both studies, linear regression adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, lifestyle factors, obesity, statin medication, and upstream inflammatory markers revealed an inverse association between the BSDS and hs-CRP concentrations (P < 0.01). Especially, high intake of Nordic fruits and cereals, low intake of red and processed meat, and moderate intake of alcohol contributed to the emerged association (P < 0.05). The BSDS did not associate with other inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION The Baltic Sea diet is associated with lower hs-CRP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Kanerva
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki and Turku , Finland
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Huang CJ, Zourdos MC, Jo E, Ormsbee MJ. Influence of physical activity and nutrition on obesity-related immune function. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:752071. [PMID: 24324381 PMCID: PMC3842061 DOI: 10.1155/2013/752071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research examining immune function during obesity suggests that excessive adiposity is linked to impaired immune responses leading to pathology. The deleterious effects of obesity on immunity have been associated with the systemic proinflammatory profile generated by the secretory molecules derived from adipose cells. These include inflammatory peptides, such as TNF- α , CRP, and IL-6. Consequently, obesity is now characterized as a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, a condition considerably linked to the development of comorbidity. Given the critical role of adipose tissue in the inflammatory process, especially in obese individuals, it becomes an important clinical objective to identify lifestyle factors that may affect the obesity-immune system relationship. For instance, stress, physical activity, and nutrition have each shown to be a significant lifestyle factor influencing the inflammatory profile associated with the state of obesity. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the impact of lifestyle factors, in particular psychological stress, physical activity, and nutrition, on obesity-related immune function with specific focus on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Huang
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Michael C. Zourdos
- Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Edward Jo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Polyphenol-rich black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) extract regulates the expression of genes critical for intestinal cholesterol flux in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1564-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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76
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Could dyslipidemic children benefit from glucomannan intake? Nutrition 2013; 29:1060-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Labonté MÈ, Couture P, Richard C, Desroches S, Lamarche B. Impact of dairy products on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review of randomized controlled nutritional intervention studies in overweight and obese adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:706-17. [PMID: 23446894 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.052217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data from cross-sectional studies suggest that consumption of dairy products is inversely associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, but a cause-and-effect relation can be confirmed only with results from randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVE We reviewed the results of randomized controlled nutritional intervention studies that have assessed the impact of dairy product consumption (ie, milk, yogurt, and/or cheese) on biomarkers of inflammation in adults (aged ≥18 y). DESIGN We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed in April 2012, which was limited to randomized controlled trials in humans published in English. Studies that included pregnant or lactating women or that did not include a low-dairy control intervention were excluded. RESULTS Eight trials that were conducted in overweight or obese adults were included in the review. The only study that had identified change in the inflammatory profile as its primary outcome measure showed that dairy food consumption improved pro- and antiinflammatory biomarker concentrations compared with the low-dairy control diet. Three of the 7 studies in which inflammation was a secondary or undefined outcome showed improvement in key inflammatory biomarkers, ie, C-reactive protein, IL-6, or TNF-α after dairy product consumption, whereas the other 4 studies showed no effect. CONCLUSIONS Dairy product consumption does not exert adverse effects on biomarkers of inflammation in overweight or obese adults. Several methodologic factors and limitations among existing studies do not allow differentiation between a beneficial or neutral impact of dairy products on inflammation. Further studies specifically designed to assess inflammation-related outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Labonté
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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78
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Increased serum visfatin levels in obesity and its association with anthropometric/biochemical parameters, physical inactivity and nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnme.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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79
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Bozzetto L, De Natale C, Di Capua L, Della Corte G, Patti L, Maione S, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G. The association of hs-CRP with fasting and postprandial plasma lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes is disrupted by dietary monounsaturated fatty acids. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:273-6. [PMID: 21833777 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-011-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether two dietary approaches recommended for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular prevention-high-MUFA or complex carbohydrates/fiber-differently influence inflammation. A 4-week crossover study in 12 individuals with type 2 diabetes was performed. Fasting and postprandial hs-CRP plasma levels were not significantly different after a high-carbohydrate/high-fiber/low-glycemic index (CHO/fiber) and a high-MUFA diet. Compared with fasting, hs-CRP levels decreased significantly after the MUFA but not after the CHO/fiber meal. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were significantly lower after the CHO/fiber than the MUFA diet. At fasting and postprandially, hs-CRP correlated with triglyceride in whole plasma, chylomicrons, small and large VLDL after the CHO/fiber but not after the MUFA diet. In conclusion, a MUFA-rich diet and a carbohydrate/fiber-rich diet induced similar effects on plasma hs-CRP concentrations. However, these dietary approaches seem to influence hs-CRP levels through different mechanisms. i.e., direct acute postprandial effects by MUFA and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins mediated effects by CHO/fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Via S Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Gut microbiome composition is linked to whole grain-induced immunological improvements. ISME JOURNAL 2012; 7:269-80. [PMID: 23038174 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders, and the ability of whole grains to affect both host metabolism and gut microbial ecology, suggest that some benefits of whole grains are mediated through their effects on the gut microbiome. Nutritional studies that assess the effect of whole grains on both the gut microbiome and human physiology are needed. We conducted a randomized cross-over trial with four-week treatments in which 28 healthy humans consumed a daily dose of 60 g of whole-grain barley (WGB), brown rice (BR), or an equal mixture of the two (BR+WGB), and characterized their impact on fecal microbial ecology and blood markers of inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism. All treatments increased microbial diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and the abundance of the genus Blautia in fecal samples. The inclusion of WGB enriched the genera Roseburia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister, and the species Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis and Roseburia intestinalis. Whole grains, and especially the BR+WGB treatment, reduced plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and peak postprandial glucose. Shifts in the abundance of Eubacterium rectale were associated with changes in the glucose and insulin postprandial response. Interestingly, subjects with greater improvements in IL-6 levels harbored significantly higher proportions of Dialister and lower abundance of Coriobacteriaceae. In conclusion, this study revealed that a short-term intake of whole grains induced compositional alterations of the gut microbiota that coincided with improvements in host physiological measures related to metabolic dysfunctions in humans.
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81
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Prepregnancy maternal body mass index and preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207:212.e1-7. [PMID: 22835494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of maternal prepregnancy body mass index on preterm delivery (PTD), controlling for health and lifestyle variables. STUDY DESIGN Prospective data were from 83,544 pregnancies in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. PTD was divided into early PTD (22 + 0 to 31 + 6 weeks' gestation) and late PTD (32 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation). RESULTS The overall prevalence of PTD was 5.1%. Increased body mass index was associated with an increased risk of PTD; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) ranged from 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.20) for preobesity to 2.00 (95% CI, 1.48-2.71) for grade-III obesity in the group that included all PTD subgroups. Grade-III obese women had an increased risk of both early and late PTD: aOR, 3.24 (95% CI, 1.71-6.14) and 1.81 (95% CI, 1.29-2.54), respectively. CONCLUSION Prepregnancy maternal overweight increases the risk of both early and late PTD.
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Parikh S, Pollock NK, Bhagatwala J, Guo DH, Gutin B, Zhu H, Dong Y. Adolescent fiber consumption is associated with visceral fat and inflammatory markers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1451-7. [PMID: 22593589 PMCID: PMC3410273 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The link between adolescent fiber consumption, inflammation, and body fat distribution has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations of dietary fiber intake with inflammatory-related biomarkers and robust measures of total and central adiposity in a sample of 559 adolescents aged 14-18 yr (49% female, 45% Black). METHODS Fasting blood samples were measured for leptin, adiponectin, resistin, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen. Diet was assessed with four to seven 24-h recalls, and physical activity was determined by accelerometry. Fat-free soft tissue mass and fat mass were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Visceral adipose tissue was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, race, Tanner stage, fat-free soft tissue mass, energy intake, and physical activity, revealed that dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with fat mass and serum leptin in males (all P < 0.03) but not in females. In both genders, dietary fiber intake was negatively associated with visceral adipose tissue, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma fibrinogen and positively associated with plasma adiponectin (all P < 0.05). No relations were found between dietary fiber intake and plasma resistin in either males or females. CONCLUSION Our adolescent data suggest that greater consumption of dietary fiber is associated with lower visceral adiposity and multiple biomarkers implicated in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samip Parikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
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84
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Wu X, Schauss AG. Mitigation of inflammation with foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6703-6717. [PMID: 22468569 DOI: 10.1021/jf3007008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Constant overproduction of pro-inflammatory molecules leads to chronic inflammation. Unlike acute inflammation, which is essential for healing, chronic inflammation can delay healing and, if left unchecked, contribute to a host of diseases. There is growing evidence that some dietary factors can play important roles in maintaining health and even reversing the progression of chronic diseases, with anti-inflammatory effects as important underlying mechanism. Such findings add to the body of evidence that certain dietary components, including polyphenols and other types of compounds, found in various dietary factors including fruits, berries, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and foods of marine origin, can play an important role in attenuating and mitigating chronic pro-inflammatory processes associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
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85
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Abstract
Psyllium, a dietary fibre rich in soluble components, has both cholesterol- and TAG-lowering effects. Many studies have verified these actions using liver samples, whereas little information is available on the effects of psyllium treatment on other organs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of psyllium. We investigated the gene expression profiles of both liver and skeletal muscle using DNA microarrays. C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 7 % fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 40 % fat) or a HFD with psyllium (40 % fat+5 % psyllium; HFD+Psy) for 10 weeks. Body weights and food intake were measured weekly. After 10 weeks, the mice were killed and tissues were collected. Adipose tissues were weighed, and plasma total cholesterol and TAG blood glucose levels were measured. The expression levels of genes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucose transport and fatty acid metabolism were measured by DNA microarray in the liver and skeletal muscle. In the HFD+Psy group, plasma total cholesterol, TAG and blood glucose levels significantly decreased. There was a significant reduction in the relative weight of the epididymal and retroperitoneal fat tissue depots in mice fed the HFD+Psy. The expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and lipid transport were significantly up-regulated in the skeletal muscle of the HFD+Psy group. This result suggests that psyllium stimulates lipid transport and fatty acid oxidation in the muscle. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that psyllium can promote lipid consumption in the skeletal muscle; and this effect would create a slightly insufficient glucose state in the liver.
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86
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Aetiological factors behind adipose tissue inflammation: an unexplored research area. Public Health Nutr 2012; 16:27-35. [PMID: 22464010 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980012000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite extensive research into the biological mechanisms behind obesity-related inflammation, knowledge of environmental and genetic factors triggering such mechanisms is limited. In the present narrative review we present potential determinants of adipose tissue inflammation and suggest ways ahead for future research in the field. DESIGN We searched the literature for potential determinants of obesity with inflammation through MEDLINE by applying the MeSH headings 'obesity' and 'inflammation' in combination with specific terms for a series of environmental and genetic factors. RESULTS Numerous articles reported on the association between environmental or genetic factors and respectively obesity and inflammation, whereas only a few studies assessed obesity and inflammation as a combined outcome. Among suggested determinants for obesity with inflammation were Adenovirus-36, the gut microbiota, trans-fatty acids, and the four genes FTO, MC4R, TNF-α and LEPR. CONCLUSIONS We present a limited number of factors potentially contributing to the development of obesity with inflammation, while concluding that overall the area is indeed sparsely investigated. We present ideas for future studies that can identify relevant aetiological factors. This identification is essential for targeted prevention of obesity with inflammation and the clinical consequences thereof.
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87
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Gaesser GA, Angadi SS, Ryan DM, Johnston CS. Lifestyle Measures to Reduce Inflammation. Am J Lifestyle Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827611411646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D) may be ameliorated with exercise and/or diet. High levels of physical activity and/or cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced risk of low-grade inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise have been found to improve inflammatory status, with the majority of evidence suggesting that aerobic exercise may have broader anti-inflammatory effects. In particular, aerobic exercise appears to improve the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Improvement in inflammatory status is most likely to occur in persons with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers prior to intervention. A number of dietary factors, including fiber-rich foods, whole grains, fruits (especially berries), omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins (eg, C and E), and certain trace minerals (eg, zinc) have been documented to reduce blood concentrations of inflammatory markers. Anti-inflammatory foods may also help mitigate the pro-inflammatory postprandial state that is particularly evident after ingestion of meals high in saturated fat. Intensive lifestyle interventions involving both exercise and diet appear to be most effective. For the most part, anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and diet are independent of weight loss. Thus overweight and obese men and women, who are most likely to have a pro-inflammatory profile, do not necessarily have to normalize body mass index to improve inflammatory status and reduce risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A. Gaesser
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona
| | - Siddhartha S. Angadi
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona
| | - Dana M. Ryan
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona
| | - Carol S. Johnston
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona
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Freitas RN, Luben R, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Relationship between plasma fibrinogen and fiber intake in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:443-51. [PMID: 22113250 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fiber-rich diets have been proposed to lower circulating levels of inflammatory makers. Our objective was to investigate cross-sectional relationships between fiber intake and plasma fibrinogen. SUBJECTS/METHODS We examined the relationship between plasma fibrinogen and dietary fiber in 20,960 men and women, aged 45-75 years old, living in Norfolk, U.K. Fiber intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Mean fibrinogen levels were lower across the increasing quartiles of the fiber intake after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status and alcohol consumption, and total calories, percentage of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein and fat, with a difference of 0.08 g/l fibrinogen between first and fourth quartiles (P for trend <0.001) for the whole population. When categorized by sex, the results for men were the same and for women, the results failed to be significant. In linear regression models, fibrinogen levels were significantly related to fiber intake for the whole population (-0.056 g/l, s.e.=0.012 per 10 g increase in fiber intake, P<0.001), but although the relations were in the same direction after adjusting for the same covariates above, they failed to be significant when smokers or women not using post-menopause hormone therapy were separately considered. CONCLUSIONS Plasma fibrinogen levels appear to be inversely related to dietary fiber intake in middle-aged and older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Freitas
- DENCS, School of Nutrition and NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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89
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Brantsaeter AL, Myhre R, Haugen M, Myking S, Sengpiel V, Magnus P, Jacobsson B, Meltzer HM. Intake of probiotic food and risk of preeclampsia in primiparous women: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:807-15. [PMID: 21821542 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been suggested to modify placental trophoblast inflammation, systemic inflammation, and blood pressure, all potentially interesting aspects of preeclampsia. The authors examined the association between consumption of milk-based probiotic products in pregnancy and development of preeclampsia and its subtypes. The study was performed in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study by using a prospective design in 33,399 primiparous women in the years 2002-2008. The intake of milk-based products containing probiotic lactobacilli was estimated from a self-reported food frequency questionnaire. Preeclampsia diagnoses were obtained from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry. Intake of probiotic milk products was associated with reduced risk of preeclampsia. The association was most prominent in severe preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66, 0.96). With probiotic intakes divided into categories representing no, monthly, weekly, or daily intake, a lower risk for preeclampsia (all subtypes) was observed for daily probiotic intake (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.96). Lower risks for severe preeclampsia were observed for weekly (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.98) and daily (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.89) intakes. These results suggest that regular consumption of milk-based probiotics could be associated with lower risk of preeclampsia in primiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lise Brantsaeter
- Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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90
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Abstract
The emerging role of chronic inflammation in the major degenerative diseases of modern society has stimulated research into the influence of nutrition and dietary patterns on inflammatory indices. Most human studies have correlated analyses of habitual dietary intake as determined by a food frequency questionnaire or 24-hour recall with systemic markers of inflammation like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). An occasional study also includes nutrition analysis of blood components. There have been several controlled interventions which evaluated the effect of a change in dietary pattern or of single foods on inflammatory markers in defined populations. Most studies reveal a modest effect of dietary composition on some inflammatory markers in free-living adults, although different markers do not vary in unison. Significant dietary influences have been established for glycemic index (GI) and load (GL), fiber, fatty acid composition, magnesium, carotenoids, and flavonoids. A traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern, which typically has a high ratio of monounsaturated (MUFA) to saturated (SFA) fats and ω-3 to ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) and supplies an abundance of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and grains, has shown anti-inflammatory effects when compared with typical North American and Northern European dietary patterns in most observational and interventional studies and may become the diet of choice for diminishing chronic inflammation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Galland
- Foundation for Integrated Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Balagopal PB, de Ferranti SD, Cook S, Daniels SR, Gidding SS, Hayman LL, McCrindle BW, Mietus-Snyder ML, Steinberger J. Nontraditional risk factors and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease: mechanistic, research, and clinical considerations for youth: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123:2749-69. [PMID: 21555711 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31821c7c64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the prevalence and severity of obesity in children is likely to lower the age of onset and increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Understanding the pathophysiology and improving the clinical management of cardiovascular disease involve a knowledge of novel risk factors and biomarkers. The clinical and mechanistic roles of these novel biological factors during childhood are currently being investigated. The goals of this scientific statement are to present the existing knowledge and theoretical framework of nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease as they relate to children and adolescents, to describe the relevance and weight of available experimental and clinical evidence and the therapeutic implications pertaining to nontraditional risk factors in the pediatric population, and to stimulate further research with a goal of developing valid and reliable approaches to identify and validate novel risk factors that will aid in the clinical evaluation and perhaps prediction of cardiovascular disease in the pediatric population. Although several biomarkers are promising, substantial research is required before nontraditional risk factors can be used to identify and reduce cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents.
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Dietary fiber is associated with circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein in breast cancer survivors: the HEAL study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 129:485-94. [PMID: 21455669 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a suspected risk factor for breast cancer and its subsequent prognosis. The extent to which dietary and lifestyle factors might influence inflammation is important to examine. Specifically, dietary fiber may reduce systemic inflammation, but this relationship has not been examined among breast cancer survivors. We examined associations between dietary fiber and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA), among 698 female breast cancer survivors from the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study. Data are from interviews and clinical visits conducted 24-months post-study enrollment. Multivariate-adjusted linear regression estimated associations of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber with serum concentrations of CRP and SAA. Logistic regression estimated the odds of elevated CRP (defined as >3.0 mg/l) across tertiles of dietary fiber intake. Mean total dietary fiber intake was 13.9 ± 6.4 g/day. Mean CRP and SAA were 3.32 ± 3.66 and 7.73 ± 10.23 mg/l, respectively. We observed a multivariate-adjusted inverse association between total dietary fiber intake and CRP concentrations (β, -0.029; 95% CI, -0.049, -0.008). Results for insoluble fiber were similar (β, -0.039; 95% CI, -0.064, -0.013). Among survivors who consumed >15.5 g/day of insoluble dietary fiber, a 49% reduction in the likelihood of having elevated CRP concentrations (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.27, 0.95) was observed compared to those who consumed <5.4 g/day (P = 0.053). Our results suggest that diets high in fiber may benefit breast cancer survivors via reductions in systemic inflammation; elevated inflammation may be prognostic for reduced survival.
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Raninen K, Lappi J, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K. Dietary fiber type reflects physiological functionality: comparison of grain fiber, inulin, and polydextrose. Nutr Rev 2011; 69:9-21. [PMID: 21198631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber is a nutritional concept based not on physiological functions but on defined chemical and physical properties. Recent definitions of dietary fiber differentiate inherent plant cell wall-associated fiber from isolated or synthetic fiber. For the latter to be defined as fiber, beneficial physiological effects should be demonstrated, such as laxative effects, fermentability, attenuation of blood cholesterol levels, or postprandial glucose response. Grain fibers are a major natural source of dietary fiber worldwide, while inulin, a soluble indigestible fructose polymer isolated from chicory, and polydextrose, a synthetic indigestible glucose polymer, have more simple structures. Inulin and polydextrose show many of the same functionalities of grain fiber in the large intestine, in that they are fermentable, bifidogenic, and laxative. The reported effects on postprandial blood glucose and fasting cholesterol levels have been modest, but grain fibers also show variable effects. New biomarkers are needed to link the physiological functions of specific fibers with long-term health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Raninen
- Food and Health Research Centre, Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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94
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Li C, Uppal M. Canadian Diabetes Association National Nutrition Committee Clinical Update on Dietary Fibre in Diabetes: Food Sources to Physiological Effects. Can J Diabetes 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(10)44010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Kolb H, Mandrup-Poulsen T. The global diabetes epidemic as a consequence of lifestyle-induced low-grade inflammation. Diabetologia 2010; 53:10-20. [PMID: 19890624 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent major increase in the global incidence of type 2 diabetes suggests that most cases of this disease are caused by changes in environment and lifestyle. All major risk factors for type 2 diabetes (overnutrition, low dietary fibre, sedentary lifestyle, sleep deprivation and depression) have been found to induce local or systemic low-grade inflammation that is usually transient or milder in individuals not at risk for type 2 diabetes. By contrast, inflammatory responses to lifestyle factors are more pronounced and prolonged in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and appear to occur also in the pancreatic islets. Chronic low-grade inflammation will eventually lead to overt diabetes if counter-regulatory circuits to inflammation and metabolic stress are compromised because of a genetic and/or epigenetic predisposition. Hence, it is not the lifestyle change per se but a deficient counter-regulatory response in predisposed individuals which is crucial to disease pathogenesis. Novel approaches of intervention may target these deficient defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kolb
- Hagedorn Research Institute, DK 2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
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