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Glushkova OV, Parfenyuk SB, Novoselova TV, Khrenov MO, Lunin SM, Novoselova EG. The Role of p38 and CK2 Protein Kinases in the Response of RAW 264.7 Macrophages to Lipopolysaccharide. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:746-754. [PMID: 30195331 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of protein kinases p38 and CK2 (casein kinase II) in the response of RAW 264.7 macrophages to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria was studied. Using specific p38 and CK2 inhibitors (p38 MAP kinase Inhibitor XI and casein kinase II Inhibitor III, respectively), we investigated the effects of these protein kinases on (i) LPS-induced activation of signaling pathways involving nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), p38, and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3); (ii) expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inducible heat-shock proteins HSP72 and HSP90; and (iii) production of interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-10. Activation of the proapoptotic signaling in the macrophages was evaluated from the ratio between the active and inactive caspase-3 forms and p53 phosphorylation. Six hours after LPS addition (2.5 μg/ml) to RAW 264.7 cells, activation of the TLR4 signaling pathways was observed that was accompanied by a significant increase in phosphorylation of IκB kinase α/β, NF-κB (at both Ser536 and Ser276), p38, JNK, and IRF3. Other effects of macrophage incubation with LPS were an increase in the contents of TLR4, inducible heat-shock proteins (HSPs), and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as slight activation of the pro-apoptotic signaling in the cells. Using inhibitor analysis, we found that during the early response of macrophages to the LPS, both CK2 and p38 modulate activation of MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways and p65 phosphorylation at Ser276/Ser536 and cause accumulation of HSP72, HSP90 and the LPS-recognizing receptor TLR4. Suppression of the p38 MAP kinase and CK2 activities by specific inhibitors (Inhibitor XI and Inhibitor III, respectively) resulted in the impairment of the macrophage effector function manifested as a decrease in the production of the early-response proinflammatory cytokines and disbalance between the pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways leading presumably to apoptosis development. Taken together, our data indicate the inefficiency of therapeutic application of p38 and CK2 inhibitors during the early stages of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Glushkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - S B Parfenyuk
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - T V Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - M O Khrenov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - S M Lunin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - E G Novoselova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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Wang C, Shu L, Zhang C, Li W, Wu R, Guo Y, Yang Y, Kong AN. Histone Methyltransferase Setd7 Regulates Nrf2 Signaling Pathway by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Ursolic Acid in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700840. [PMID: 29383876 PMCID: PMC6226019 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate the role of the epigenetic regulator SET domain-containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (Setd7) in regulating the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and examines the effects of two phytochemicals, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and ursolic acid (UA). METHODS AND RESULTS Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of Setd7 in LNCaP and PC-3 cells decreases the expression of downstream Nrf2 targets, such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (Gstt2). Downregulation of Setd7 decreases soft agar colony formation ability of PCa cells. Knockdown of Setd7 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, Setd7 knockdown attenuates Nqo1 and Gstt2 expression in response to H2 O2 challenge, whereas increased DNA damage is observed in Setd7 knockdown cells in comet assay. Interestingly, Setd7 expression could be induced by the dietary phytochemicals PEITC and UA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays show that Setd7 knockdown decreased H3K4me1 enrichment in the Nrf2 and Gstt2 promoter regions, while PEITC and UA treatments elevated the enrichment. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that Setd7 knockdown decreases Nrf2 and Nrf2-target genes expression and that PEITC and UA induce Setd7 expression, which activates the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and protects DNA from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Limin Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Phytochemical Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
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Gu Y, Wang X, Liu H, Li G, Yu W, Ma Q. SET7/9 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through regulation of E2F1. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1863-1874. [PMID: 30106440 PMCID: PMC6111541 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Histone‑lysine N‑methyltransferase SET7/9 is a protein lysine monomethylase that methylates histone H3K4 as well as various non‑histone proteins. Deregulation of SET7/9 is frequently detected in human cancers. However, the role of SET7/9 in HCC development remains unclear. In the present study, upregulation of SET7/9 and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) expression was detected in 68 samples of HCC tissues compared with these levels noted in the paired healthy liver samples. The expression levels of SET7/9 and E2F1 were significantly correlated with pathological stage and tumor size. Subcellular fractionation and co‑immunoprecipitation analyses revealed protein‑protein interaction between SET7/9 and E2F1 in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. Silencing of SET7/9, as well as treatment with 5'‑deoxy‑5'‑methylthioadenosine (MTA), a protein methylation inhibitor, led to reduced E2F1 protein abundance in HCC cells. Using Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay, Transwell migration assay and wound healing assay, significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion were observed in cells exhibiting downregulation of SET7/9 and E2F1 expression, as well as in wild‑type HCC cells treated with MTA. Furthermore, SET7/9 downregulation and MTA treatment resulted in reduced expression of downstream targets of E2F1, including cyclin A2, cyclin E1 and CDK2. In conclusion, the present study revealed an oncogenic function of SET7/9 in HCC and demonstrated that SET7/9 may be responsible for alterations in the proliferative ability, aggressiveness and invasive/metastatic potential of HCC cells through post‑translational regulation of E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Department of Pathology, No. 81 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Guimei Li
- Department of Pathology, No. 81 Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ma
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China
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Methylation of Aurora kinase A by MMSET reduces p53 stability and regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis. Oncogene 2018; 37:6212-6224. [PMID: 30013191 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase multiple myeloma SET domain protein (MMSET/WHSC1) is highly expressed in diverse tumor types, and its expression appears to be involved in cell proliferation. In this study, we report that MMSET interacts with and methylates Aurora kinase A (AURKA). We show that MMSET-mediated methylation of AURKA induces interaction with p53 as well as enhanced kinase activity of AURKA, which results in the proteasomal degradation of p53. MMSET-mediated p53 degradation increases cell proliferation and results in oncogenic activity. Furthermore, knockdown of MMSET potently inhibits tumorigenic cells and renders them sensitive to growth inhibition by the therapeutic drug, alisertib (AURKA inhibitor). Taken together, our results suggest that MMSET is a regulator of p53 stability via methylation of AURKA in proliferating cells and might be a potential therapeutic target in solid tumors.
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Biological processes and signal transduction pathways regulated by the protein methyltransferase SETD7 and their significance in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:19. [PMID: 30013796 PMCID: PMC6043541 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methyltransferases have been shown to methylate histone and non-histone proteins, leading to regulation of several biological processes that control cell homeostasis. Over the past few years, the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD7 (SETD7; also known as SET7/9, KIAA1717, KMT7, SET7, SET9) has emerged as an important regulator of at least 30 non-histone proteins and a potential target for the treatment of several human diseases. This review discusses current knowledge of the structure and subcellular localization of SETD7, as well as its function as a histone and non-histone methyltransferase. This work also underlines the putative contribution of SETD7 to the regulation of gene expression, control of cell proliferation, differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which indicate that SETD7 is a candidate for novel targeted therapies with the aim of either stimulating or inhibiting its activity, depending on the cell signaling context.
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Abstract
Protein lysine methylation is a distinct posttranslational modification that causes minimal changes in the size and electrostatic status of lysine residues. Lysine methylation plays essential roles in regulating fates and functions of target proteins in an epigenetic manner. As a result, substrates and degrees (free versus mono/di/tri) of protein lysine methylation are orchestrated within cells by balanced activities of protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) and demethylases (KDMs). Their dysregulation is often associated with neurological disorders, developmental abnormalities, or cancer. Methyllysine-containing proteins can be recognized by downstream effector proteins, which contain methyllysine reader domains, to relay their biological functions. While numerous efforts have been made to annotate biological roles of protein lysine methylation, limited work has been done to uncover mechanisms associated with this modification at a molecular or atomic level. Given distinct biophysical and biochemical properties of methyllysine, this review will focus on chemical and biochemical aspects in addition, recognition, and removal of this posttranslational mark. Chemical and biophysical methods to profile PKMT substrates will be discussed along with classification of PKMT inhibitors for accurate perturbation of methyltransferase activities. Semisynthesis of methyllysine-containing proteins will also be covered given the critical need for these reagents to unambiguously define functional roles of protein lysine methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkui Luo
- Chemical Biology Program , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York 10065 , United States.,Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Science , Cornell University , New York , New York 10021 , United States
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Kublanovsky M, Aharoni A, Levy D. Enhanced PKMT-substrate recognition through non active-site interactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:1029-1033. [PMID: 29778536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) catalyze the methylation of lysine residues on many different cellular proteins. Despite extensive biochemical and structural studies, focusing on PKMT active site-peptide interactions, little is known regarding how PKMTs recognize globular substrates. To examine whether these enzymes recognize protein substrates through interactions that take place outside of the active site, we have measured SETD6 and SETD7 activity with both protein and peptide RelA substrate. We have utilized the MTase-Glo™ methyltransferase assay to measure the activity of SETD6 and SETD7 with the different RelA substrates and calculated the Michaelis-Menten (MM) parameters. We found an up to ∼12-fold increase in KM of the PKMTs activity with RelA peptide relative to the respective full-length protein, emphasizing the significantly higher PKMT-protein interaction affinity. Examination of SETD6 and SETD7 activity toward the same RelA substrates highlight the similarity in substrate recognition for both PKMTs. Our results show that the interaction affinity of SETD6 and SETD7 with RelA is enhanced through interactions that occur outside of the active site leading to higher catalytic efficiency and specificity. These interactions can significantly vary depending on the PKMT and the specific methylation site on RelA. Overall, our results underline that PKMTs can recognize their substrates through docking interactions that occur out of the active site-peptide region for enhancing their activity and specificity in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kublanovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amir Aharoni
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Dan Levy
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Methylated DNMT1 and E2F1 are targeted for proteolysis by L3MBTL3 and CRL4 DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1641. [PMID: 29691401 PMCID: PMC5915600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many non-histone proteins are lysine methylated and a novel function of this modification is to trigger the proteolysis of methylated proteins. Here, we report that the methylated lysine 142 of DNMT1, a major DNA methyltransferase that preserves epigenetic inheritance of DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication, is demethylated by LSD1. A novel methyl-binding protein, L3MBTL3, binds the K142-methylated DNMT1 and recruits a novel CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase to degrade DNMT1. Both LSD1 and PHF20L1 act primarily in S phase to prevent DNMT1 degradation by L3MBTL3-CRL4DCAF5. Mouse L3MBTL3/MBT-1 deletion causes accumulation of DNMT1 protein, increased genomic DNA methylation, and late embryonic lethality. DNMT1 contains a consensus methylation motif shared by many non-histone proteins including E2F1, a key transcription factor for S phase. We show that the methylation-dependent E2F1 degradation is also controlled by L3MBTL3-CRL4DCAF5. Our studies elucidate for the first time a novel mechanism by which the stability of many methylated non-histone proteins are regulated.
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Recruitment of lysine demethylase 2A to DNA double strand breaks and its interaction with 53BP1 ensures genome stability. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15915-15930. [PMID: 29662616 PMCID: PMC5882307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine demethylase 2A (KDM2A) functions in transcription as a demethylase of lysine 36 on histone H3. Herein, we characterise a role for KDM2A in the DNA damage response in which KDM2A stimulates conjugation of ubiquitin to 53BP1. Impaired KDM2A-mediated ubiquitination negatively affects the recruitment of 53BP1 to DSBs. Notably, we show that KDM2A itself is recruited to DSBs in a process that depends on its demethylase activity and zinc finger domain. Moreover, we show that KDM2A plays an important role in ensuring genomic stability upon DNA damage. Depletion of KDM2A or disruption of its zinc finger domain results in the accumulation of micronuclei following ionizing radiation (IR) treatment. In addition, IR-treated cells depleted of KDM2A display premature exit from the G2/M checkpoint. Interestingly, loss of the zinc finger domain also resulted in 53BP1 focal distribution in condensed mitotic chromosomes. Overall, our data indicates that KDM2A plays an important role in modulating the recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA breaks and is crucial for the preservation of genome integrity following DNA damage.
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PKCα-LSD1-NF-κB-Signaling Cascade Is Crucial for Epigenetic Control of the Inflammatory Response. Mol Cell 2018; 69:398-411.e6. [PMID: 29395062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response mediated by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling is essential for host defense against pathogens. Although the regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling has been well studied, the molecular basis for epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response is poorly understood. Here we identify a new signaling axis of PKCα-LSD1-NF-κB, which is critical for activation and amplification of the inflammatory response. In response to excessive inflammatory stimuli, PKCα translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates LSD1. LSD1 phosphorylation is required for p65 binding and facilitates p65 demethylation, leading to enhanced stability. In vivo genetic analysis using Lsd1SA/SA mice with ablation of LSD1 phosphorylation and chemical approaches in wild-type mice with inhibition of PKCα or LSD1 activity show attenuated sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury and mortality. Together, we demonstrate that the PKCα-LSD1-NF-κB signaling cascade is crucial for epigenetic control of the inflammatory response, and targeting this signaling could be a powerful therapeutic strategy for systemic inflammatory diseases, including sepsis.
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Backe MB, Andersson JL, Bacos K, Christensen DP, Hansen JB, Dorosz JJ, Gajhede M, Dahlby T, Bysani M, Kristensen LH, Ling C, Olsen L, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Lysine demethylase inhibition protects pancreatic β cells from apoptosis and improves β-cell function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:47-56. [PMID: 28684291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional changes control β-cell survival in response to inflammatory stress. Posttranslational modifications of histone and non-histone transcriptional regulators activate or repress gene transcription, but the link to cell-fate signaling is unclear. Inhibition of lysine deacetylases (KDACs) protects β cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis and reduces type 1 diabetes incidence in animals. We hypothesized that also lysine demethylases (KDMs) regulate β-cell fate in response to inflammatory stress. Expression of the demethylase Kdm6B was upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines suggesting a possible role in inflammation-induced β-cell destruction. Inhibition of KDM6 demethylases using the selective inhibitor GSK-J4 protected insulin-producing cells and human and mouse islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis by blunting nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response gene expression. GSK-J4 furthermore increased expression of insulin gene and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Expression of genes regulating purinergic and cytokine ligand-receptor interactions was downregulated following GSK-J4 exposure, while expression of genes involved in cell maintenance and survival was upregulated. These data suggest that KDMs are important regulators of inflammation-induced β-cell dysfunction and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Balslev Backe
- Immuno-endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Legaard Andersson
- Section of Biostructural Reseach, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Bacos
- Unit for Epigenetics and Diabetes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Ploug Christensen
- Immuno-endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bondo Hansen
- Immuno-endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jerzy Jòzef Dorosz
- Section of Biostructural Reseach, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Section of Biostructural Reseach, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina Dahlby
- Immuno-endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Madhusudhan Bysani
- Unit for Epigenetics and Diabetes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Line Hyltoft Kristensen
- Section of Biostructural Reseach, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Unit for Epigenetics and Diabetes, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Olsen
- Section of Biostructural Reseach, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Immuno-endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Huang Q, Ma C, Chen L, Luo D, Chen R, Liang F. Mechanistic Insights Into the Interaction Between Transcription Factors and Epigenetic Modifications and the Contribution to the Development of Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:370. [PMID: 30034368 PMCID: PMC6043677 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The development of obesity is inseparable from genetic and epigenetic factors, and transcription factors (TFs) play an essential role in these two mechanisms. This review analyzes the interaction of TFs with epigenetic modifications and the epigenetic mechanisms underlying peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, an important transcription factor, in the development of obesity. Methods: We describe the relationship between TFs and different epigenetic modifications and illustrate the several mechanisms described. Next, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms of PPARs, an important class of transcription factors involved in obesity, that induce obesity with different triggering factors. Finally, we discuss the mechanisms of epigenetic modification of PPAR-related ligands in lipid metabolism and propose future avenues of research. Results: TFs participate in epigenetic modifications in different forms, causing changes in gene expression. The interactions between the different epigenetic modifications and PPARs are important biological developments that affect fat tissue differentiation, lipogenesis, and lipid metabolism, thereby inducing or inhibiting the development of obesity. We then highlight the need for more research to understand the role of epigenetic modifications and PPARs. Conclusions: Epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of PPARs may be excellent therapeutic targets for obesity treatment. However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of how PPARs and other obesity-related transcription factors interact with epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Chen
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Fengxia Liang
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63
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Boehm D, Ott M. Host Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Potential New Epigenetic Targets for HIV Cure Strategies and Beyond. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S8-S22. [PMID: 29140109 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful HIV cure strategy may require reversing HIV latency to purge hidden viral reservoirs or enhancing HIV latency to permanently silence HIV transcription. Epigenetic modifying agents show promise as antilatency therapeutics in vitro and ex vivo, but also affect other steps in the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize what we know about cellular DNA and protein methyltransferases (PMTs) as well as demethylases involved in HIV infection. We describe the biology and function of DNA methyltransferases, and their controversial role in HIV infection. We further explain the biology of PMTs and their effects on lysine and arginine methylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. We end with a focus on protein demethylases, their unique modes of action and their emerging influence on HIV infection. An outlook on the use of methylation-modifying agents in investigational HIV cure strategies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boehm
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
As an important epigenetic mark, lysine methylations play critical roles in the regulation of both chromatin and non-chromatin proteins. There are three levels of lysine methylation, mono-, di-, and trimethylation. Each one has turned out to be biologically distinctive. For the biochemical characterization of proteins with lysine methylation, multiple chemical biology methods have been developed. This concept article will highlight these developments and their applications in epigenetic investigation of protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng A. Wang
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wenshe R. Liu
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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65
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Ayati SH, Fazeli B, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Cicero AFG, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Regulatory effects of berberine on microRNome in Cancer and other conditions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 116:147-158. [PMID: 28693796 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in different plant families such as Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Papaveraceae. BBR is well-known for its anti-inflammatory, lipid-modifying, anticancer, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, antiparasitic and fungicide activities. Multiple pharmacological actions of BBR stem from different molecular targets of this phytochemical. MicroRNAs (miRs) are single-stranded, evolutionary conserved, small non-coding RNA molecules with a length of 19-23 nucleotides that are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNA. MiRs emerged as important regulatory elements in almost all biological processes like cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and organogenesis, and numerous human diseases such as cancer and diabetes. BBR was shown to regulate the expression of miRs in several diseases. Here, we reviewed the target miRs of BBR and the relevance of their modulation for the potential treatment of serious human diseases like multiple myeloma, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer and glioblastoma. The role of miR regulation in the putative anti-diabetic effects of BBR is discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hasan Ayati
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Badrieh Fazeli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
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66
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D'Ignazio L, Batie M, Rocha S. Hypoxia and Inflammation in Cancer, Focus on HIF and NF-κB. Biomedicines 2017; 5:E21. [PMID: 28536364 PMCID: PMC5489807 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterised by the presence of hypoxia and inflammation. Paramount to the mechanisms controlling cellular responses under such stress stimuli, are the transcription factor families of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) and Nuclear Factor of κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Although, a detailed understating of how these transcription factors respond to their cognate stimulus is well established, it is now appreciated that HIF and NF-κB undergo extensive crosstalk, in particular in pathological situations such as cancer. Here, we focus on the current knowledge on how HIF is activated by inflammation and how NF-κB is modulated by hypoxia. We summarise the evidence for the possible mechanism behind this activation and how HIF and NF-κB function impacts cancer, focusing on colorectal, breast and lung cancer. We discuss possible new points of therapeutic intervention aiming to harness the current understanding of the HIF-NF-κB crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Ignazio
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Michael Batie
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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Bei Y, Tianqian H, Fanyuan Y, Haiyun L, Xueyang L, Jing Y, Chenglin W, Ling Y. ASH1L Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinase through Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Pulpitis. J Endod 2016; 43:306-314.e2. [PMID: 28041684 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulpitis is an inflammation of dental pulp produced by a response to external stimuli. The response entails substantial cellular and molecular activities. Both genetic and epigenetic regulators contribute to the occurrence of pulpitis. However, the epigenetic mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this research, we studied the role of the absent, small, or homeotic-like (ASH1L) gene in the process of pulpitis. METHODS Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Gene expression profiling was performed to assess the occurrence of epigenetic regulators. Pulp tissue from rat experimental pulpitis was subjected to immunofluorescence to detect the occurrence of ASH1L and trimethylation of lysine 4 histone 3 (H3K4me3). The presence of ASH1L in HDPCs that had been generated by TNF-α stimulation was analyzed by Western blot procedures and cellular immunofluorescence. Once detected, ASH1L was silenced through the use of specific small interfering RNA. The effects of ASH1L on the occurrence and operation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were then tested by analysis of quantitative polymerase chain reactions, Western blotting, and zymography. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to detect whether ASH1L and H3K4me3 were present in the promoter regions of MMPs. We then used Western blot procedures to examine the nuclear factor kappa B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) responses to the silencing of ASH1L. We also examined the specific pathway involved in ASH1L regulation of the MMPs. RESULTS After stimulating HDPCs with TNF-α, ASH1L emerged as 1 of the most strongly induced epigenetic mediators. We found that TNF-α treatment induced the expression of ASH1L through the nuclear factor kappa B and MAPK signal pathways. ASH1L was found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. TNF-α treatment was particularly active in inducing the accumulation of ASH1L in cellular cytoplasm. As is also consistent with in vitro results, ASH1L was found in increased quantities in experimental dental pulpitis tissue. ASH1L knockdown markedly up-regulated the occurrence of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-13. It also exercised an impact on the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 in HDPCs that had been stimulated with TNF-α. ASH1L knockdown activated the MAPK signal pathway in TNF-α-triggered HDPCs, the inhibition of which reversed the induction of MMPs. CONCLUSIONS Our research identifies a mechanism by which ASH1L suppresses the occurrence and operation of MMPs during pulpitis. It does this through the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Tianqian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fanyuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Haiyun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liao Xueyang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Chenglin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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68
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Yeo KS, Tan MC, Wong WY, Loh SW, Lam YL, Tan CL, Lim YY, Ea CK. JMJD8 is a positive regulator of TNF-induced NF-κB signaling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34125. [PMID: 27671354 PMCID: PMC5037431 DOI: 10.1038/srep34125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-induced signaling mediates pleiotropic biological consequences including inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Misregulation of TNF signaling has been attributed as a major cause of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Jumonji domain-containing protein 8 (JMJD8) belongs to the JmjC family. However, only part of the family members has been described as hydroxylase enzymes that function as histone demethylases. Here, we report that JMJD8 positively regulates TNF-induced NF-κB signaling. Silencing the expression of JMJD8 using RNA interference (RNAi) greatly suppresses TNF-induced expression of several NF-κB-dependent genes. Furthermore, knockdown of JMJD8 expression reduces RIP ubiquitination, IKK kinase activity, delays IκBα degradation and subsequently blocks nuclear translocation of p65. In addition, JMJD8 deficiency enhances TNF-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings indicate that JMJD8 functions as a positive regulator of TNF-induced NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Siong Yeo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ming Cheang Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Wong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sheng Wei Loh
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Lyn Lam
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Leng Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yat-Yuen Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Kwee Ea
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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69
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The association between phosphatase and tensin homolog hypermethylation and patients with breast cancer, a meta-analysis and literature review. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32723. [PMID: 27620353 PMCID: PMC5020353 DOI: 10.1038/srep32723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein is a negative regulator of the Akt pathway, leading to suppression of apoptois and increased cell survival. Its role as a tumor-suppressor gene has been adequately substantiated, and PTEN hypermethylation has been demonstrated in familial and sporadic cancers. However, the association and clinical significance between PTEN hypermethylation and breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, we systematically reviewed studies of PTEN hypermethylation and breast cancer and quantify the association between PTEN hypermethylation and breast cancer using meta-analysis methods. The pooled OR, 22.30, 95% confidential intervals, CI = 1.98–251.51, P = 0.01, which demonstrates that loss of PTEN expression by hypermethylation plays a critical role in the early tumorigenesis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). In addition, PTEN hypermethylation also is detected in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) and is significantly higher than in normal controls, OR = 23.32, 95% CI = 10.43–52.13, P < 0.00001. Further analysis did not show significant correlation between PTEN hypermethylation and the progression of breast cancer, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), as well as HER2 status. These results indicate the PTEN hypermethylation is significantly associated with both DCIS and IDCs. The detection of PTEN hypermethylation could be an early tumorigenesis marker for breast cancer patients.
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70
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Oudhoff MJ, Antignano F, Chenery AL, Burrows K, Redpath SA, Braam MJ, Perona-Wright G, Zaph C. Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Intrinsic Deletion of Setd7 Identifies Role for Developmental Pathways in Immunity to Helminth Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005876. [PMID: 27598373 PMCID: PMC5012677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is a common site for a variety of pathogenic infections. Helminth infections continue to be major causes of disease worldwide, and are a significant burden on health care systems. Lysine methyltransferases are part of a family of novel attractive targets for drug discovery. SETD7 is a member of the Suppressor of variegation 3-9-Enhancer of zeste-Trithorax (SET) domain-containing family of lysine methyltransferases, and has been shown to methylate and alter the function of a wide variety of proteins in vitro. A few of these putative methylation targets have been shown to be important in resistance against pathogens. We therefore sought to study the role of SETD7 during parasitic infections. We find that Setd7-/- mice display increased resistance to infection with the helminth Trichuris muris but not Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Resistance to T. muris relies on an appropriate type 2 immune response that in turn prompts intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to alter differentiation and proliferation kinetics. Here we show that SETD7 does not affect immune cell responses during infection. Instead, we found that IEC-specific deletion of Setd7 renders mice resistant to T. muris by controlling IEC turnover, an important aspect of anti-helminth immune responses. We further show that SETD7 controls IEC turnover by modulating developmental signaling pathways such as Hippo/YAP and Wnt/β-Catenin. We show that the Hippo pathway specifically is relevant during T. muris infection as verteporfin (a YAP inhibitor) treated mice became susceptible to T. muris. We conclude that SETD7 plays an important role in IEC biology during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno J. Oudhoff
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail: (MJO); (CZ)
| | - Frann Antignano
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alistair L. Chenery
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen A. Redpath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitchell J. Braam
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georgia Perona-Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colby Zaph
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (MJO); (CZ)
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71
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Choi JY, Jo SA. KDM7A histone demethylase mediates TNF-α-induced ICAM1 protein upregulation by modulating lysosomal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1355-62. [PMID: 27565733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM1) is involved in adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes across endothelium, promoting brain inflammation and leading to brain diseases. Here, we studied the mechanism that regulates ICAM expression in response to proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). ICAM1 mRNA and protein levels in human brain microvascular endothelial cells dramatically increased after TNF-α treatment. TNF-α also upregulated histone demethylases KDM1B and KDM7A responsible for demethylation of H3K9me2, a well-known repression marker. Knockdown of KDM7A by a small interfering RNA reduced the ICAM1 protein level and leukocyte adhesion without an effect on ICAM1 mRNA expression. In contrast, a KDM1B knockdown did not affect TNF-α-induced ICAM1 expression. Thus, KDM7A-mediated ICAM1 protein upregulation is likely related to protein stability, not a histone-mediated epigenetic mechanism. Experiments with cycloheximide supported the role of KDM7A in ICAM1 protein stabilization. Further experiments suggest that KDM7A regulates ICAM1 protein stability via a lysosome-dependent pathway. Lysosome inhibitors increased the TNF-α-induced ICAM1 protein level and restored KDM7A knockdown-induced downregulation of ICAM1. In contrast, the KDM7A knockdown had no effect on proteasome-mediated ICAM1 degradation. We also found that the transcription factor EB protein level reduced in response to TNF-α but increased by the KDM7A knockdown. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed weak lysosome formation with high ICAM1 immunoreactivity after TNF-α treatment, but KDM7A knockdown reversed this response, resulting in strong lysosome formation with ICAM1 protein clustering in lysosomes. Taken together, our results show that KDM7A mediates TNF-α-induced ICAM1 protein upregulation and is mediated by induction of KDM7A, which regulates the TFEB-mediated lysosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea
| | - Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea.
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72
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Ali I, Ramage H, Boehm D, Dirk LMA, Sakane N, Hanada K, Pagans S, Kaehlcke K, Aull K, Weinberger L, Trievel R, Schnoelzer M, Kamada M, Houtz R, Ott M. The HIV-1 Tat Protein Is Monomethylated at Lysine 71 by the Lysine Methyltransferase KMT7. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16240-8. [PMID: 27235396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.735415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat is a critical regulator of HIV transcription primarily enabling efficient elongation of viral transcripts. Its interactions with RNA and various host factors are regulated by ordered, transient post-translational modifications. Here, we report a novel Tat modification, monomethylation at lysine 71 (K71). We found that Lys-71 monomethylation (K71me) is catalyzed by KMT7, a methyltransferase that also targets lysine 51 (K51) in Tat. Using mass spectrometry, in vitro enzymology, and modification-specific antibodies, we found that KMT7 monomethylates both Lys-71 and Lys-51 in Tat. K71me is important for full Tat transactivation, as KMT7 knockdown impaired the transcriptional activity of wild type (WT) Tat but not a Tat K71R mutant. These findings underscore the role of KMT7 as an important monomethyltransferase regulating HIV transcription through Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Ali
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, Departments of Medicine and
| | - Holly Ramage
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Daniela Boehm
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Lynnette M A Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40508
| | - Naoki Sakane
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratory, JT Inc., Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hanada
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratory, JT Inc., Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sara Pagans
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Katrin Kaehlcke
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Katherine Aull
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Leor Weinberger
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Raymond Trievel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and
| | | | - Masafumi Kamada
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratory, JT Inc., Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Robert Houtz
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40508
| | - Melanie Ott
- From the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94158, Departments of Medicine and
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73
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The Ubiquitination of NF-κB Subunits in the Control of Transcription. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020023. [PMID: 27187478 PMCID: PMC4931672 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB has evolved as a latent, inducible family of transcription factors fundamental in the control of the inflammatory response. The transcription of hundreds of genes involved in inflammation and immune homeostasis require NF-κB, necessitating the need for its strict control. The inducible ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the cytoplasmic inhibitor of κB (IκB) proteins promotes the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. More recently, an additional role for ubiquitination in the regulation of NF-κB activity has been identified. In this case, the ubiquitination and degradation of the NF-κB subunits themselves plays a critical role in the termination of NF-κB activity and the associated transcriptional response. While there is still much to discover, a number of NF-κB ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases have now been identified which coordinate to regulate the NF-κB transcriptional response. This review will focus the regulation of NF-κB subunits by ubiquitination, the key regulatory components and their impact on NF-κB directed transcription.
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Ahmed H, Duan S, Arrowsmith CH, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Schapira M. An Integrative Proteomic Approach Identifies Novel Cellular SMYD2 Substrates. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2052-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ahmed
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shili Duan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department
of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto; 1 King’s
College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Histone Lysine Methylation in TGF-β1 Mediated p21 Gene Expression in Rat Mesangial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6927234. [PMID: 27247942 PMCID: PMC4876202 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6927234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1- (TGF-β1-) induced p21-dependent mesangial cell (MC) hypertrophy plays a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic renal diseases including diabetic nephropathy (DN). Increasing evidence demonstrated the role of posttranscriptional modifications (PTMs) in the event; however, the precise regulatory mechanism of histone lysine methylation remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the roles of both histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 9 methylations (H3K4me/H3K9me) in TGF-β1 induced p21 gene expression in rat mesangial cells (RMCs). Our results indicated that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of p21 gene in RMCs, which was positively correlated with the increased chromatin marks associated with active genes (H3K4me1/H3K4me2/H3K4me3) and negatively correlated with the decreased levels of repressive marks (H3K9me2/H3K9me3) at p21 gene promoter. TGF-β1 also elevated the recruitment of the H3K4 methyltransferase (HMT) SET7/9 to the p21 gene promoter. SET7/9 gene silencing with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) significantly abolished the TGF-β1 induced p21 gene expression. Taken together, these results reveal the key role of histone H3Kme in TGF-β1 mediated p21 gene expression in RMC, partly through HMT SET7/9 occupancy, suggesting H3Kme and SET7/9 may be potential renoprotective agents in managing chronic renal diseases.
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Fu L, Wu H, Cheng SY, Gao D, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Set7 mediated Gli3 methylation plays a positive role in the activation of Sonic Hedgehog pathway in mammals. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27146893 PMCID: PMC4884081 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling plays very important roles in development and cancers. Vertebrates have three transcriptional factors, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3. Among them, Gli3 is a very special transcriptional factor which closely resembles Cubitus interruptus (Ci, in Drosophila) structurally and functionally as a ‘double agent’ for Shh target gene expression. Here we show that Gli3 full-length, but not the truncated form, can be methylated at K436 and K595. This methylation is specifically catalyzed by Set7, a lysine methyltransferase (KMT). Methylation at K436 and K595 respectively increases the stability and DNA binding ability of Gli3, resulting in an enhancement of Shh signaling activation. Furthermore, functional experiments indicate that the Gli3 methylation contributes to the tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we propose that Set7 mediated methylation is a novel PTM of Gli3, which positively regulates the transactivity of Gli3 and the activation of Shh signaling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15690.001 Cells in mammals need to be able to communicate with each other to enable them to work together in tissues and organs. A signaling pathway called Hedgehog signaling plays a crucial role in carrying information between cells in developing embryos, but if it is active at other times it can also promote the development of cancers. The Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates the activity of several proteins, including one called Gli3. When the Hedgehog signaling pathway is not active, Gli3 is able to switch off certain genes in the cells. On the other hand, when the signaling pathway is active, Gli3 changes shape so that it is able to activate its target genes instead. It is thought that this shape change is triggered by the addition (or removal) of chemical tags to Gli3. So far, researchers have reported that several different types of chemical tags can modify the activity of Gli3. However, it is not clear whether another type of chemical tag – known as a methyl tag – is involved in regulating Gli3. Fu et al. studied Hedgehog signaling in mice. The experiments show that an enzyme called Set7 can modify Gli3 by adding methyl tags to certain sites in the protein. This modification makes the protein’s structure more stable and helps it to bind to the target genes. Further experiments show that these methyl groups contribute to the progression of lung cancer. Fu et al.’s findings expand our understanding of how chemical tags can alter the cells’ response to Hedgehog signaling activity. Future challenges are to understand exactly how Set7 and Gli3 interact and to develop drugs that can block this interaction, which may have the potential to treat cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15690.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Department of Developmental Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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77
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Su SK, Li CY, Lei PJ, Wang X, Zhao QY, Cai Y, Wang Z, Li L, Wu M. The EZH1-SUZ12 complex positively regulates the transcription of NF-κB target genes through interaction with UXT. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2343-53. [PMID: 27127229 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other members of the polycomb group protein family, EZH1 has been shown to positively associate with active transcription on a genome-wide scale. However, the underlying mechanism for this behavior still remains elusive. Here, we report that EZH1 physically interacts with UXT, a small chaperon-like transcription co-activator. UXT specifically interacts with EZH1 and SUZ12, but not EED. Similar to upon knockdown of UXT, knockdown of EZH1 or SUZ12 through RNA interference in the cell impairs the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB target genes induced by TNFα. EZH1 deficiency also increases TNFα-induced cell death. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation and the following next-generation sequencing analysis show that H3K27 mono-, di- and tri-methylation on NF-κB target genes are not affected in EZH1- or UXT-deficient cells. EZH1 also does not affect the translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB (also known as RELA) from the cytosol to the nucleus. Instead, EZH1 and SUZ12 regulate the recruitment of p65 and RNA Pol II to target genes. Taken together, our study shows that EZH1 and SUZ12 act as positive regulators for NF-κB signaling and demonstrates that EZH1, SUZ12 and UXT work synergistically to regulate pathway activation in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Kun Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Pin-Ji Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Quan-Yi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lianyun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Cohen DO, Duchin S, Feldman M, Zarivach R, Aharoni A, Levy D. Engineering of Methylation State Specific 3xMBT Domain Using ELISA Screening. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154207. [PMID: 27111853 PMCID: PMC4844143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ε-amino group of lysine residues may be mono-, di- or tri-methylated by protein lysine methyltransferases. In the past few years it has been highly considered that methylation of both histone and non-histone proteins has fundamental role in development and progression of various human diseases. Thus, the establishment of tools to study lysine methylation that will distinguish between the different states of methylation is required to elucidate their cellular functions. The 3X malignant brain tumor domain (3XMBT) repeats of the Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 (L3MBTL1) have been utilized in the past as an affinity reagent for the identification of mono- and di-methylated lysine residues on individual proteins and on a proteomic scale. Here, we have utilized the 3XMBT domain to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that allows the high-throughput detection of 3XMBT binding to methylated lysines. We demonstrated that this system allows the detection of methylated peptides, methylated proteins and PKMT activity on both peptides and proteins. We also optimized the assay to detect 3XMBT binding in crude E. coli lysates which facilitated the high throughput screening of 3XMBT mutant libraries. We have utilized protein engineering tools and generated a double site saturation 3XMBT library of residues 361 and 411 that were shown before to be important for binding mono and di-methylated substrates and identified variants that can exclusively recognize only di-methylated peptides. Together, our results demonstrate a powerful new approach that will contribute to deeper understanding of lysine methylation biology and that can be utilized for the engineering of domains for specific binders of other post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Od Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Shai Duchin
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Michal Feldman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Aharoni
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (DL); (AA)
| | - Dan Levy
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev (NIBN), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (DL); (AA)
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Asymmetric arginine dimethylation of RelA provides a repressive mark to modulate TNFα/NF-κB response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4326-31. [PMID: 27051065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1522372113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an inducible transcription factor that plays critical roles in immune and stress responses and is often implicated in pathologies, including chronic inflammation and cancer. Although much has been learned about NF-κB-activating pathways, the specific repression of NF-κB is far less well understood. Here we identified the type I protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) as a restrictive factor controlling TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB. PRMT1 forms a cellular complex with NF-κB through direct interaction with the Rel homology domain of RelA. We demonstrate that PRMT1 methylates RelA at evolutionary conserved R30, located in the DNA-binding L1 loop, which is a critical residue required for DNA binding. Asymmetric R30 dimethylation inhibits the binding of RelA to DNA and represses NF-κB target genes in response to TNFα. Molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA-bound RelA:p50 predicted structural changes in RelA caused by R30 methylation or a mutation that interferes with the stability of the DNA-NF-κB complex. Our findings provide evidence for the asymmetric arginine dimethylation of RelA and unveil a unique mechanism controlling TNFα/NF-κB signaling.
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80
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Dysregulation of AKT Pathway by SMYD2-Mediated Lysine Methylation on PTEN. Neoplasia 2016; 17:367-73. [PMID: 25925379 PMCID: PMC4415136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), one of the well-characterized tumor suppressor proteins, counteracts the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway through its unique lipid phosphatase activity. The functions of PTEN are regulated by a variety of posttranslational modifications such as acetylation, oxidation, ubiquitylation, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation. However, methylation of PTEN has not been reported so far. In this study, we demonstrated that the oncogenic protein lysine methyltransferase SET and MYND domain containing 2 (SMYD2) methylates PTEN at lysine 313 in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of SMYD2 suppressed the cell growth of breast cancer cells and attenuated phosphorylation levels of AKT, indicating that SMYD2-mediated methylation negatively regulates PTEN tumor suppressor activity and results in activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway. Furthermore, PTEN protein with lysine 313 substitution diminished phosphorylation of PTEN at serine 380, which is known to inactivate tumor suppressor functions of PTEN. Taken together, our findings unveil a novel mechanism of PTEN dysregulation regulated by lysine methylation in human cancer.
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81
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Herrington FD, Carmody RJ, Goodyear CS. Modulation of NF-κB Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:223-42. [PMID: 26597958 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115617456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases arise from the loss of tolerance to endogenous self-antigens, resulting in a heterogeneous range of chronic conditions that cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Western countries, over 5% of the population is affected by some form of autoimmune disease, with enhanced or inappropriate activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB implicated in a number of these conditions. Although treatment strategies for autoimmunity have improved significantly in recent years, current therapeutics are still not capable of achieving satisfactory disease management in all patients, and as such, the therapeutic modulation of NF-κB is an attractive target in autoimmunity. To date, no NF-κB inhibitors have progressed to the clinic for the treatment of autoimmunity, but a variety of promising approaches targeting multiple stages of the NF-κB pathway are currently being explored. This review focuses on the current strategies being investigated for the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in autoimmune diseases and considers potential future strategies for the therapeutic targeting of this crucial transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity D Herrington
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruaidhrí J Carmody
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK GLAZgo Discovery Centre, University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
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82
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Maeng YS, Lee GH, Choi SI, Kim KS, Kim EK. Histone methylation levels correlate with TGFBIp and extracellular matrix gene expression in normal and granular corneal dystrophy type 2 corneal fibroblasts. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:74. [PMID: 26553048 PMCID: PMC4638082 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TGFβ1-induced expression of transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes plays a major role in the development of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2: also called Avellino corneal dystrophy). Although some key transcription factors are known, the epigenetic mechanisms modulating TGFBIp and ECM expression remain unclear. We examined the role of chromatin markers such as histone H3 lysine methylation (H3Kme) in TGFβ1-induced TGFBIp and ECM gene expression in normal and GCD2-derived human corneal fibroblasts. Methods Wild-type (n = 3), GCD2-heterozygous (n = 1), and GCD2-homozygous (n = 3) primary human corneal fibroblasts were harvested from human donors and patients prepared. Microarray and gene-expression profiling, Chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray analysis, and Methylated DNA isolation assay-assisted CpG microarrays was performed in Wild-type and GCD2-homozygous human cells. Results Transcription and extracellular-secretion levels of TGFBIp were high in normal cells compared with those in GCD2-derived cells and were related to H3K4me3 levels but not to DNA methylation over the TGFBI locus. TGFβ1 increased the expression of TGFBIp and the ECM-associated genes connective tissue growth factor, collagen-α2[Ι], and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in normal corneal fibroblasts. Increased levels of gene-activating markers (H3K4me1/3) and decreased levels of repressive markers (H3K27me3) at the promoters of those gene accompanied the changes in expression. TGFβ1 also increased recruitment of the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1 and of SET7/9 and also the binding of Smad3 to the promoters. Knockdown of both MLL1 and SET7/9 significantly blocked the TGFβ1-induced gene expression and inhibited TGFβ1-induced changes in promoter H3K4me1/3 levels. Those effects were very weak, however, in GCD2-derived corneal fibroblasts. Conclusions Taken together, the results show the functional role of H3K4me in TGFβ1-mediated TGFBIp and ECM gene expression in corneal fibroblasts. Pharmacologic and other therapies that regulate these modifications could have potential cornea-protective effects for granular corneal dystrophy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0151-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Seung-Il Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyu Seo Kim
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea. .,Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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83
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Shi X. Emerging roles of lysine methylation on non-histone proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4257-72. [PMID: 26227335 PMCID: PMC11114002 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a common posttranslational modification (PTM) of histones that is important for the epigenetic regulation of transcription and chromatin in eukaryotes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that in addition to histones, lysine methylation also occurs on various non-histone proteins, especially transcription- and chromatin-regulating proteins. In this review, we will briefly describe the histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) that have a broad spectrum of non-histone substrates. We will use p53 and nuclear receptors, especially estrogen receptor alpha, as examples to discuss the dynamic nature of non-histone protein lysine methylation, the writers, erasers, and readers of these modifications, and the crosstalk between lysine methylation and other PTMs in regulating the functions of the modified proteins. Understanding the roles of lysine methylation in normal cells and during development will shed light on the complex biology of diseases associated with the dysregulation of lysine methylation on both histones and non-histone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yaling Huang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The Genes and Development and the Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis Graduate Programs, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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84
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Proteomic Study to Survey the CIGB-552 Antitumor Effect. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:124082. [PMID: 26576414 PMCID: PMC4630370 DOI: 10.1155/2015/124082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CIGB-552 is a cell-penetrating peptide that exerts in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect on cancer cells. In the present work, the mechanism involved in such anticancer activity was studied using chemical proteomics and expression-based proteomics in culture cancer cell lines. CIGB-552 interacts with at least 55 proteins, as determined by chemical proteomics. A temporal differential proteomics based on iTRAQ quantification method was performed to identify CIGB-552 modulated proteins. The proteomic profile includes 72 differentially expressed proteins in response to CIGB-552 treatment. Proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by both approaches. In line with previous findings, proteomic data revealed that CIGB-552 triggers the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, proteins related to cell invasion were differentially modulated by CIGB-552 treatment suggesting new potentialities of CIGB-552 as anticancer agent. Overall, the current study contributes to a better understanding of the antitumor action mechanism of CIGB-552.
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85
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Carr SM, Poppy Roworth A, Chan C, La Thangue NB. Post-translational control of transcription factors: methylation ranks highly. FEBS J 2015; 282:4450-65. [PMID: 26402372 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of lysine and arginine residues on histones has long been known to determine both chromatin structure and gene expression. In recent years, the methylation of non-histone proteins has emerged as a prevalent modification which impacts on diverse processes such as cell cycle control, DNA repair, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis and tumourigenesis. Many of these non-histone targets represent transcription factors, cell signalling molecules and tumour suppressor proteins. Evidence now suggests that the dysregulation of methyltransferases, demethylases and reader proteins is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer, and several of these proteins represent potential therapeutic targets for small molecule compounds, fuelling a recent surge in chemical inhibitor design. Such molecules will greatly help us to understand the role of methylation in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - A Poppy Roworth
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Cheryl Chan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
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86
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Meng F, Cheng S, Ding H, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhu K, Chen S, Lu J, Xie Y, Li L, Liu R, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Liu YC, Zheng M, Jiang H, Lu W, Liu H, Luo C. Discovery and Optimization of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore- and Docking-Based Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8166-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanwang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sufang Cheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shien Liu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junyan Lu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqian Xie
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linjuan Li
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rongfeng Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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87
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Lu T, Stark GR. NF-κB: Regulation by Methylation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3692-5. [PMID: 26337909 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In normal cells exposed to stress, the central transcription factor NF-κB is activated only transiently, to modulate the activation of downstream immune responses. However, in most cancers, NF-κB is abnormally activated constitutively, contributing thus to oncogenesis and tumor progression. Therefore, downregulating NF-κB activity is an important goal of cancer treatment. In order to control NF-κB activity therapeutically, it is helpful to understand the molecular mechanisms that normally govern its activation and how dysregulated NF-κB activity may aid the development of disease. Recent evidence from our laboratories and others indicates that, in addition to various posttranslational modifications of NF-κB that have been observed previously, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, NF-κB can be methylated reversibly on lysine or arginine residues by histone-modifying enzymes, including lysine and arginine methyl transferases and demethylases. Furthermore, these methylations are required to activate many downstream genes. Interestingly, amplifications and mutations of several such enzymes have been linked to cancer. We propose that some of these mutations may alter the methylation not only of histones but also of NF-κB, making them attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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88
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Alam H, Gu B, Lee MG. Histone methylation modifiers in cellular signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4577-92. [PMID: 26305020 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases and demethylases epigenetically regulate gene expression by modifying histone methylation status in numerous cellular processes, including cell differentiation and proliferation. These modifiers also control methylation levels of various non-histone proteins, such as effector proteins that play critical roles in cellular signaling networks. Dysregulated histone methylation modifiers alter expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and change methylation states of effector proteins, frequently resulting in aberrant cellular signaling cascades and cellular transformation. In this review, we summarize the role of histone methylation modifiers in regulating the following signaling pathways: NF-κB, RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, p53, and ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bingnan Gu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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89
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Shen C, Wang D, Liu X, Gu B, Du Y, Wei FZ, Cao LL, Song B, Lu X, Yang Q, Zhu Q, Hou T, Li M, Wang L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhu WG. SET7/9 regulates cancer cell proliferation by influencing β-catenin stability. FASEB J 2015; 29:4313-23. [PMID: 26116705 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin, which is a key mediator of the wingless-integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays an important role in cell proliferation, cell fate determination, and tumorigenesis, by regulating the expression of a wide range of target genes. Although a variety of posttranslational modifications are involved in β-catenin activity, the role of lysine methylation in β-catenin activity is largely unknown. In this study, su(var)3-9, enhancer-of-zeste, trithorax (SET) domain-containing protein 7 (SET7/9), a lysine methyltransferase, interacted with and methylated β-catenin, as demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction and methylation were significantly enhanced in response to H2O2 stimulation. A mutagenesis assay and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that β-catenin was monomethylated by SET7/9 at lysine residue 180. Methylated β-catenin was easily recognized by phosphokinase glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β for degradation. Consistent with this finding, the mutated β-catenin (K180R) that cannot be methylated exhibited a longer half-life than did the methylated β-catenin. The consequent depletion of SET7/9 by shRNA or the mutation of the β-catenin (K180R) significantly enhanced the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes such as c-myc and cyclin D1 and promoted the growth of cancer cells. Together, these results provide a novel mechanism by which Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Shen
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donglai Wang
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Gu
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Du
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zheng Wei
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Cao
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boyan Song
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyan Yang
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Hou
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiting Li
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- *Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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90
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Lu L, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Cao Q, Zhang X, Zou J, Cao Y. Kdm2a/b Lysine Demethylases Regulate Canonical Wnt Signaling by Modulating the Stability of Nuclear β-Catenin. Dev Cell 2015; 33:660-74. [PMID: 26004508 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of Wnt activation, cytosolic β-catenin is degraded through GSK3/CK1-mediated phosphorylation at the N terminus. Here, we show that, upon Wnt activation, the stability of nuclear β-catenin is regulated via methylation/demethylation. The protein lysine demethylases Kdm2a and Kdm2b regulate the turnover of non-phosphorylated β-catenin specifically within the nucleus via direct interaction with the fourth and fifth armadillo repeats. The lysine residues within this region are required for the methylation of non-phosphorylated β-catenin, which is demethylated by Kdm2a/b and subsequently ubiquitylated. During Xenopus embryogenesis, kdm2a/b genes are transcribed during early embryogenesis and are required for the specification of the body axis. Kdm2a/b knockdown in Xenopus embryos leads to increases in non-phosphorylated and methylated β-catenin, concurrent with the upregulation of β-catenin target genes. This mechanism is required for controlling the output of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to maintain normal cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xuena Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jianghuan Zou
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou High-Tech Zone, Nanjing 210061, China.
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91
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Fujimaki K, Ogihara T, Morris DL, Oda H, Iida H, Fujitani Y, Mirmira RG, Evans-Molina C, Watada H. SET7/9 Enzyme Regulates Cytokine-induced Expression of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase through Methylation of Lysine 4 at Histone 3 in the Islet β Cell. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16607-18. [PMID: 25995453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SET7/9 is an enzyme that methylates histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4) to maintain euchromatin architecture. Although SET7/9 is enriched in islets and contributes to the transactivation of β cell-specific genes, including Ins1 and Slc2a, SET7/9 has also been reported to bind the p65 subunit of nuclear factor κB in non-β cells and modify its transcriptional activity. Given that inflammation is a central component of β cell dysfunction in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of SET7/9 in proinflammatory cytokine signaling in β cells. To induce inflammation, βTC3 insulinoma cells were treated with IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Cytokine treatment led to increased expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase, which was attenuated by the diminution of SET7/9 using RNA interference. Consistent with previous reports, SET7/9 was co-immunoprecipitated with p65 and underwent cytosolic to nuclear translocation in response to cytokines. ChIP analysis demonstrated augmented H3K4 mono- and dimethylation of the proximal Nos2 promoter with cytokine exposure. SET7/9 was found to occupy this same region, whereas SET7/9 knockdown attenuated cytokine-induced histone methylation of the Nos2 gene. To test this relationship further, islets were isolated from SET7/9-deficient and wild-type mice and treated with IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Cytokine-induced Nos2 expression was reduced in the islets from SET7/9 knock-out mice. Together, our findings suggest that SET7/9 contributes to Nos2 transcription and proinflammatory cytokine signaling in the pancreatic β cell through activating histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hisanobu Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iida
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, and Japan Science and Technology Agency-Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology Program, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- Medicine, and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cellular and Integrative Physiology and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, and
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Medicine, and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cellular and Integrative Physiology and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, and
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- From the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, and Centers for Molecular Diabetology and
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92
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Liu X, Chen Z, Xu C, Leng X, Cao H, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Repression of hypoxia-inducible factor α signaling by Set7-mediated methylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5081-98. [PMID: 25897119 PMCID: PMC4446437 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are the main regulators of cellular responses to hypoxia. Post-translational modifications of HIF-1α and 2α are necessary to modulate their functions. The methylation of non-histone proteins by Set7, an SET domain-containing lysine methyltransferase, is a novel regulatory mechanism to control cell protein function in response to various cellular stresses. In this study, we show that Set7 methylates HIF-1α at lysine 32 and HIF-2α at lysine K29; this methylation inhibits the expression of HIF-1α/2α targets by impairing the occupancy of HIF-α on hypoxia response element of HIF target gene promoter. Set7-null fibroblasts and the cells with shRNA-knocked down Set7 exhibit upregulated HIF target genes. Set7 inhibitor blocks HIF-1α/2α methylation to enhance HIF target gene expression. Set7-null fibroblasts and the cells with shRNA-knocked down Set7 or inhibition of Set7 by the inhibitor subjected to hypoxia display an increased glucose uptake and intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels. These findings define a novel modification of HIF-1α/2α and demonstrate that Set7-medited lysine methylation negatively regulates HIF-α transcriptional activity and HIF-1α-mediated glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China Department of Reproduction, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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93
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Gunawan M, Venkatesan N, Loh JT, Wong JF, Berger H, Neo WH, Li LYJ, La Win MK, Yau YH, Guo T, See PCE, Yamazaki S, Chin KC, Gingras AR, Shochat SG, Ng LG, Sze SK, Ginhoux F, Su IH. The methyltransferase Ezh2 controls cell adhesion and migration through direct methylation of the extranuclear regulatory protein talin. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:505-16. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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94
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Maganti AV, Maier B, Tersey SA, Sampley ML, Mosley AL, Özcan S, Pachaiyappan B, Woster PM, Hunter CS, Stein R, Mirmira RG. Transcriptional activity of the islet β cell factor Pdx1 is augmented by lysine methylation catalyzed by the methyltransferase Set7/9. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9812-22. [PMID: 25713082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Pdx1 is crucial to islet β cell function and regulates target genes in part through interaction with coregulatory factors. Set7/9 is a Lys methyltransferase that interacts with Pdx1. Here we tested the hypothesis that Lys methylation of Pdx1 by Set7/9 augments Pdx1 transcriptional activity. Using mass spectrometry and mutational analysis of purified proteins, we found that Set7/9 methylates the N-terminal residues Lys-123 and Lys-131 of Pdx1. Methylation of these residues occurred only in the context of intact, full-length Pdx1, suggesting a specific requirement of secondary and/or tertiary structural elements for catalysis by Set7/9. Immunoprecipitation assays and mass spectrometric analysis using β cells verified Lys methylation of endogenous Pdx1. Cell-based luciferase reporter assays using wild-type and mutant transgenes revealed a requirement of Pdx1 residue Lys-131, but not Lys-123, for transcriptional augmentation by Set7/9. Lys-131 was not required for high-affinity interactions with DNA in vitro, suggesting that its methylation likely enhances post-DNA binding events. To define the role of Set7/9 in β cell function, we generated mutant mice in which the gene encoding Set7/9 was conditionally deleted in β cells (Set(Δ)β). Set(Δ)β mice exhibited glucose intolerance similar to Pdx1-deficient mice, and their isolated islets showed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with reductions in expression of Pdx1 target genes. Our results suggest a previously unappreciated role for Set7/9-mediated methylation in the maintenance of Pdx1 activity and β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Sarah A Tersey
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research
| | - Megan L Sampley
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | | | - Sabire Özcan
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Boobalan Pachaiyappan
- the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, and
| | - Patrick M Woster
- the Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, and
| | - Chad S Hunter
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Roland Stein
- the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Raghavendra G Mirmira
- From the Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,
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95
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Han T, Wan Y, Wang J, Zhao P, Yuan Y, Wang L, She Y, Broering R, Lu M, Ye L, Zhu Y. Set7 facilitates hepatitis C virus replication via enzymatic activity-dependent attenuation of the IFN-related pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2757-68. [PMID: 25681344 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease, usually resulting in persistent infection involving hepatic steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma via escape of the host's immune response. Set7 is a lysine-specific methyltransferase that is involved in gene regulation and virus replication. However, the mechanism underlying the immune evasion between HCV and Set7 is not well understood. In this study, we observed that the expression of Set7 in Huh7.5.1 cells was upregulated by HCV infection, and high levels of Set7 expression were also found in the sera, PBMCs, and liver tissue of HCV patients relative to healthy individuals. Further investigation showed that Set7 enhanced HCV replication in an enzymatic activity-dependent manner. Moreover, our data showed that Set7 decreased the expression of virus-induced IFN and IFN-related effectors, such as dsRNA-activated protein kinase and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase. Further investigation suggested that Set7 suppressed the endogenous IFN expression by reducing the nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 3/7 and the p65 subunit of NF-κB and reduced IFN-induced dsRNA-activated protein kinase and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase via attenuation of the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. Additionally, IFN receptors, including IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, which are located upstream of the JAK/STAT pathway, were reduced by Set7. Taken together, our results reveal that Set7 facilitates HCV replication through the attenuation of IFN signaling pathways and IFN-related effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yushun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yinglong She
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ruth Broering
- Medical Faculty, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45127 Essen, Germany; and
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45127 Essen, Germany
| | - Linbai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China;
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96
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Using sequential immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify methylation of NF-κB. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1280:383-93. [PMID: 25736762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2422-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications have long been known to play an essential role in the regulation of NF-κB activity. In the past few years, in addition to more traditional modifications such as phosphorylation, the p65 subunit of NF-κB has been found to be methylated at multiple sites. Here, we describe procedures for using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to identify the methylation sites of p65.
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97
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Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of NF-κB, including acetylation and methylation, have emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for determining the duration and strength of NF-κB nuclear activity as well as its transcriptional output. Within the seven NF-κB family proteins, the RelA subunit of NF-κB is the most studied for its regulation by lysine acetylation and methylation. Acetylation or methylation at different lysine residues modulates distinct functions of NF-κB, including DNA-binding and transcription activity, protein stability, and its interaction with NF-κB modulators. Here, we describe the experimental methods to monitor the in vitro and in vivo acetylated or methylated forms of NF-κB. These methods include radiolabeling the acetyl or methyl groups and immunoblotting with pan- or site-specific acetyl- or methyl-lysine antibodies. Radiolabeling is useful in the initial validation of the modifications. Immunoblotting with antibodies provides a rapid and powerful approach to detect and analyze the functions of these modifications in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinJing Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, COM 190 MSB, MC-714 506 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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98
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Keating ST, Ziemann M, Okabe J, Khan AW, Balcerczyk A, El-Osta A. Deep sequencing reveals novel Set7 networks. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4471-86. [PMID: 24875254 PMCID: PMC11113315 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyl-dependent regulation of transcription has expanded from a traditional focus on histones to encompass transcription factor modulation. While the Set7 lysine methyltransferase is associated with pro-inflammatory gene expression in vascular endothelial cells, genome-wide regulatory roles remain to be investigated. From initial characterization of Set7 as specific for methyl-lysine 4 of H3 histones (H3K4m1), biochemical activity toward non-histone substrates has revealed additional mechanisms of gene regulation. RESULTS mRNA-Seq revealed transcriptional deregulation of over 8,000 genes in an endothelial model of Set7 knockdown. Gene ontology identified up-regulated pathways involved in developmental processes and extracellular matrix remodeling, whereas pathways regulating the inflammatory response as well as nitric oxide signaling were down-regulated. Chromatin maps derived from ChIP-Seq profiling of H3K4m1 identified several hundred loci with loss of H3K4m1 at gene regulatory elements associated with an unexpectedly subtle effect on gene expression. Transcription factor network analysis implicated six previously described Set7 substrates in mRNA-Seq changes, and we predict that Set7 post-translationally regulates other transcription factors associated with vascular endothelial gene expression through the presence of Set7 amino acid methylation motifs. CONCLUSION We describe a role for Set7 in regulating developmental pathways and response to stimuli (inflammation/immune response) in human endothelial cells of vascular origin. Set7-dependent gene expression changes that occurred independent of H3K4m1 may involve transcription factor lysine methylation events. The method of mapping measured transcriptional changes to transcription factors to identify putative substrates with strong associations to functional changes is applicable to substrate prediction for other broad-substrate histone modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T. Keating
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Epigenomics Profiling Facility, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Epigenomics Profiling Facility, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
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99
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O'Hara A, Simpson J, Morin P, Loveridge CJ, Williams AC, Novo SM, Stark LA. p300-mediated acetylation of COMMD1 regulates its stability, and the ubiquitylation and nucleolar translocation of the RelA NF-κB subunit. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3659-65. [PMID: 25074812 PMCID: PMC4150058 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar sequestration of the RelA subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-κB is an important mechanism for regulating NF-κB transcriptional activity. Ubiquitylation, facilitated by COMMD1 (also known as MURR1), acts as a crucial nucleolar-targeting signal for RelA, but how this ubiquitylation is regulated, and how it differs from cytokine-mediated ubiquitylation, which causes proteasomal degradation of RelA, is poorly understood. Here, we report a new role for p300 (also known as EP300) in controlling stimulus-specific ubiquitylation of RelA, through modulation of COMMD1. We show that p300 is required for stress-mediated ubiquitylation and nucleolar translocation of RelA, but that this effect is indirect. We also demonstrate that COMMD1 is acetylated by p300 and that acetylation protects COMMD1 from XIAP-mediated proteosomal degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that COMMD1 acetylation is enhanced by aspirin-mediated stress, and that this acetylation is absolutely required for the protein to bind RelA under these conditions. In contrast, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has no effect on COMMD1 acetylation. Finally, we demonstrate these findings have relevance in a whole tissue setting. These data offer a new paradigm for the regulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity, and the multiple other pathways controlled by COMMD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O'Hara
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James Simpson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pierre Morin
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carolyn J Loveridge
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- Colorectal Tumour Biology Group, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Sonia M Novo
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lesley A Stark
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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100
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Wei N, Zhang C, He H, Wang T, Liu Z, Liu G, Sun Z, Zhou Z, Bai C, Yuan D. Protective effect of saponins extract from Panax japonicus on myocardial infarction: involvement of NF-κB, Sirt1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways and inhibition of inflammation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1641-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Inflammation is widely acknowledged to increase morbidity and mortality in myocardial infarction (MI), and the ideal therapeutic methods should be aimed at the inflammation reaction triggers. The aim was to evaluate the protective effect of saponins extracted from Panax japonicus (SPJ) on MI, and based on these results investigate the possible involvement mechanism of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathways.
Methods
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, MI, MI + SPJ 50 and SPJ 100 mg/kg groups. After administration for 3 days, MI rats were created by ligaturing coronary artery, and then underwent the same administration for 7 days as before. Cardiac function and the expressions of pro-apoptosis protein Bax, anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, NF-κB, SIRT1, MAPKs signal pathway-related proteins and inflammatory factor, such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), were assessed.
Key findings
SPJ might significantly improve cardiac function, decrease the serum MCP-1 and TNF-α levels, ameliorate the increased Bax protein expression and decrease Bcl-2 protein expression, and suppress the protein expressions of NF-κBp65 subunit, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK, but have no effect on c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and increase the expression of SIRT1. Histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for aforementioned results, and with the dose of SPJ increasing, the aforesaid improvement became more and more strong.
Conclusion
The studies demonstrated that SPJ exerted beneficially cardioprotective effects on MI rats, mainly inhibiting NF-κB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation, but increased the expression of SIRT1, alleviating MI injury and cardiac cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- College of Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Changcheng Zhang
- College of Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Haibo He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- College of Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- College of Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Hubei Three Gorges Career Technical College, Yichang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- College of Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Caihong Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- College of Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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