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mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines-Facts and Hypotheses on Fragmentation and Encapsulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010040. [PMID: 36679885 PMCID: PMC9864138 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adventure of the mRNA vaccine began thirty years ago in the context of influenza. This consisted in encapsulating the mRNA coding for a viral protein in a lipid particle. We show how the mRNA encoding S protein has been modified for that purpose in the context of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. RESULTS by using data coming from genetic and epidemiologic databases, we show the theoretical possibility of fragmentation of this mRNA into small RNA sequences capable of inhibiting important bio-syntheses such as the production of beta-globin. DISCUSSION we discuss two aspects related to mRNA vaccine: (i) the plausibility of mRNA fragmentation, and (ii) the role of liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) used in the vaccine and their impact on mRNA biodistribution. CONCLUSION we insist on the need to develop lipid nanoparticles allowing personalized administration of vaccines and avoiding adverse effects due to mRNA fragmentation and inefficient biodistribution. Hence, we recommend (i) adapting the mRNA of vaccines to the least mutated virus proteins and (ii) personalizing its administration to the categories of chronic patients at risk most likely to suffer from adverse effects.
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Chavda VP, Soni S, Vora LK, Soni S, Khadela A, Ajabiya J. mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122150. [PMID: 36560560 PMCID: PMC9785933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into the public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used to combat COVID-19 is assisting in the creation of treatments and vaccines to treat existing illnesses and may avert pandemics in the future. Exploiting the capacity of mRNA to create therapeutic proteins to impede or treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, is the main goal of the quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field of biomedicine. In this review, we explore the potential of mRNA as a vaccine and therapeutic using current research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.K.V.)
| | - Shailvi Soni
- Massachussets College of Pharmacy and Health Science, 19 Foster Street, Worcester, MA 01608, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (V.P.C.); (L.K.V.)
| | - Shruti Soni
- PharmD Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Avinash Khadela
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinal Ajabiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics Analysis and Quality Assurance, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Kunte N, Westerfield M, McGraw E, Choi J, Akinsipe T, Whitaker SK, Brannen A, Panizzi P, Tomich JM, Avila LA. Evaluation of transfection efficacy, biodistribution, and toxicity of branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) associated with mRNA. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6980-6991. [PMID: 36254388 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01314b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to be a suitable mRNA delivery platform by conferring protection against ribonucleases and facilitating cellular uptake. Several NPs have succeeded in delivering mRNA intranasally, intratracheally, and intramuscularly in preclinical settings. However, intravenous mRNA delivery has been less explored. Only a few NPs have been tested for systemic delivery of mRNA, many of which are formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The incorporation of PEG presents some tradeoffs that must be carefully considered when designing a systemic delivery model. For example, while the addition of PEG may prolong circulation time by preventing early clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS), it has also been reported that treating patients with PEGylated drugs can result in hypersensitivity reactions due to anti-PEG antibodies. Thus, it is desirable to have alternative PEG-free delivery methods for mRNA to avoid these adverse effects while preserving the beneficial effects. Our research group developed BAPCs (branched amphiphilic peptide capsules), a peptide-based nanoparticle that resists disruption by chaotropes, proteases, and elevated temperature, thus displaying significant stability and shelf-life. In this study, we demonstrated that similarly to PEG, mRNA shields the BAPC cationic surface to avoid early clearance by the MPS. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and fluorescence reflectance imaging were imaging techniques used to analyze biodistribution within major MPS organs. Analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression showed that BAPC-mRNA complexes do not cause chronic inflammation. Additionally, BAPCs enhance intracellular delivery of mRNA with negligible cytotoxicity or oxidative stress. These results might pave the way for future therapeutic applications of BAPCs as a delivery platform for systemic mRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kunte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Matthew Westerfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Erin McGraw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Jiyeong Choi
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, NY- 14853, USA
| | - Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
| | - Susan K Whitaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas- 66506, USA
| | | | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - John M Tomich
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, NY- 14853, USA
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL- 36849, USA.
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Abstract
This Review examines the state-of-the-art in the delivery of nucleic acid therapies that are directed to the vascular endothelium. First, we review the most important homeostatic functions and properties of the vascular endothelium and summarize the nucleic acid tools that are currently available for gene therapy and nucleic acid delivery. Second, we consider the opportunities available with the endothelium as a therapeutic target and the experimental models that exist to evaluate the potential of those opportunities. Finally, we review the progress to date from investigations that are directly targeting the vascular endothelium: for vascular disease, for peri-transplant therapy, for angiogenic therapies, for pulmonary endothelial disease, and for the blood-brain barrier, ending with a summary of the future outlook in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Wang H, Qin L, Zhang X, Guan J, Mao S. Mechanisms and challenges of nanocarriers as non-viral vectors of therapeutic genes for enhanced pulmonary delivery. J Control Release 2022; 352:970-993. [PMID: 36372386 PMCID: PMC9671523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of biopharmaceuticals and the outbreak of COVID-19, the world has ushered in a frenzy to develop gene therapy. Therefore, therapeutic genes have received enormous attention. However, due to the extreme instability and low intracellular gene expression of naked genes, specific vectors are required. Viral vectors are widely used attributed to their high transfection efficiency. However, due to the safety concerns of viral vectors, nanotechnology-based non-viral vectors have attracted extensive investigation. Still, issues of low transfection efficiency and poor tissue targeting of non-viral vectors need to be addressed. Especially, pulmonary gene delivery has obvious advantages for the treatment of inherited lung diseases, lung cancer, and viral pneumonia, which can not only enhance lung targeting and but also reduce enzymatic degradation. For systemic diseases therapy, pulmonary gene delivery can enhance vaccine efficacy via inducing not only cellular, humoral immunity but also mucosal immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanocarriers as non-viral vectors of therapeutic genes for enhanced pulmonary delivery. First of all, the characteristics and therapeutic mechanism of DNA, mRNA, and siRNA are provided. Thereafter, the advantages and challenges of pulmonary gene delivery in exerting local and systemic effects are discussed. Then, the inhalation dosage forms for nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are introduced. Moreover, a series of materials used as nanocarriers for pulmonary gene delivery are presented, and the endosomal escape mechanisms of nanocarriers based on different materials are explored. The application of various non-viral vectors for pulmonary gene delivery are summarized in detail, with the perspectives of nano-vectors for pulmonary gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | | | - Shirui Mao
- Corresponding authors at: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, China
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Hasanzadeh A, Hamblin MR, Kiani J, Noori H, Hardie JM, Karimi M, Shafiee H. Could artificial intelligence revolutionize the development of nanovectors for gene therapy and mRNA vaccines? NANO TODAY 2022; 47:101665. [PMID: 37034382 PMCID: PMC10081506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy enables the introduction of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA into host cells, and is expected to revolutionize the treatment of a wide range of diseases. This growth has been further accelerated by the discovery of CRISPR/Cas technology, which allows accurate genomic editing in a broad range of cells and organisms in vitro and in vivo. Despite many advances in gene delivery and the development of various viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors, the lack of highly efficient non-viral systems with low cellular toxicity remains a challenge. The application of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) has great potential to find new paradigms to solve this issue. Herein, we review AI and its major subfields including machine learning (ML), neural networks (NNs), expert systems, deep learning (DL), computer vision and robotics. We discuss the potential of AI-based models and algorithms in the design of targeted gene delivery vehicles capable of crossing extracellular and intracellular barriers by viral mimicry strategies. We finally discuss the role of AI in improving the function of CRISPR/Cas systems, developing novel nanobots, and mRNA vaccine carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Noori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Joseph M. Hardie
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139 USA
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556559, Iran
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1584743311, Iran
| | - Hadi Shafiee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02139 USA
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Shi Y, Huang J, Liu Y, Liu J, Guo X, Li J, Gong L, Zhou X, Cheng G, Qiu Y, You J, Lou Y. Structural and biochemical characteristics of mRNA nanoparticles determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1827. [PMID: 36417530 PMCID: PMC9683711 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underlines the urgent need for effective mRNA vaccines. However, current understanding of the immunological outcomes of mRNA vaccines formulated under different nanoplatforms is insufficient. Here, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor binding domain mRNA delivered via lipid nanoparticle (LNP), cationic nanoemulsion (CNE), and cationic liposome (Lipo) was constructed. Results demonstrated that the structural and biochemical characteristics of nanoparticles shaped their tissue dissemination, cellular uptake, and intracellular trafficking, which eventually determined the activation of antiviral humoral and cellular immunity. Specifically, LNP was mainly internalized by myocyte and subsequently circumvented lysosome degradation, giving rise to humoral-biased immune responses. Meanwhile, CNE and Lipo induced cellular-preferred immunity, which was respectively attributed to the better lysosomal escape in dendritic cells and the superior biodistribution in secondary lymphoid organs. Overall, this study may guide the design and clinical use of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Ausper Biopharma Inc., 688 Bin’an Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Ausper Biopharma Inc., 688 Bin’an Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian You
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People’s Republic of China
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Karim ME, Haque ST, Al-Busaidi H, Bakhtiar A, Tha KK, Holl MMB, Chowdhury EH. Scope and challenges of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery in cancer treatment. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:865-893. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gao C, Cheng K, Li Y, Gong R, Zhao X, Nie G, Ren H. Injectable Immunotherapeutic Hydrogel Containing RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Reshapes Tumor Microenvironment for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8801-8809. [PMID: 36251255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy is becoming a promising strategy for improving the survival rate of postsurgical patients. However, the low response rate to immunotherapy suggests a low number of antigen-specific T cells and a high number of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed an in situ injectable thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel loaded with lipid-immune regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) mRNA/C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) siRNA (LPR) nanoparticle complexes (LPR@CHG) that reprogram the antitumoral immune niche. The LPR@CHG hydrogel upregulates IRF5 and downregulates CCL5 secretion, which contribute to a significant increase in M1 phenotype macrophages. Tumor growth is controlled by effective M1 phenotype macrophage that initiate T cell-mediated immune responses. Overall, the LPR@CHG hydrogel is expected to be a meaningful immunotherapy platform that can reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of current pancreatic immunotherapies while minimizing systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruining Gong
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Ren
- Center for GI Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Chen L, Pan L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Su Y, Luo Y, Wu Z, Zheng W, Cai S, Liu X, Wu X. Qishen Yiqi dropping pills improve cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via the lncRNA TINCR/miR-193b-3p/RORA axis. J Thorac Dis 2022; 14:4372-4383. [PMID: 36524095 PMCID: PMC9745534 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of Qishen Yiqi dropping pills (QYDP) in chronic heart failure (CHF) via a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA) axis. Here, the mechanism of action of the lncRNA terminal differentiation-induced non-coding RNA (TINCR), miR-193b-3p, and RAR-related orphan receptor A (RORA) mRNA was analyzed in an angiotensin (Ang) II-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model treated with QYDP. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the gene expression changes of lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in H9C2 induced by QYDP on Ang II. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) potentially affecting CHF progression. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to analyze the effect of QYDP on the proliferation of H9C2, RNA pull-down was used to analyze the binding of lncRNA and miRNA, and dual luciferase was used to analyze the targeting of miRNA and lncRNA or mRNA. RESULTS Ang II induced TINCR and RORA downregulation, miR-193b-3p upregulation, and hypertrophy in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes, which were alleviated by QYDP. In contrast, TINCR inhibition reversed the effects of QYDP by increasing miR-193b-3p expression and downregulating RORA expression. According to subsequent double luciferase and RNA pull-down experiments, TINCR adsorbed miR-193b-3p by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA sponge and miR-193b-3p directly targeted RORA. Lastly, we showed that the Ang-II-induced inhibition of TINCR and RORA expression and promotion of cardiac hypertrophy were both reversed by a TINCR overexpression plasmid (ov-TINCR), whereas the effects of ov-TINCR were suppressed by a miR-193b-3p mimic. CONCLUSIONS Administration of QYDP improves Ang II-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increase cell proliferation rate through the TINCR/miR-193b-3p/RORA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Lihua Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yuansheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yuewu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yangshen Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Zengfan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Wanling Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Shikang Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Xianxia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
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Malburet C, Leclercq L, Cotte JF, Thiebaud J, Bazin E, Garinot M, Cottet H. Taylor Dispersion Analysis to support lipid-nanoparticle formulations for mRNA vaccines. Gene Ther 2022; 30:421-428. [PMID: 36316446 PMCID: PMC9628342 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most advanced non-viral clinically approved messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) delivery systems. The ability of a mRNA vaccine to have a therapeutic effect is related to the capacity of LNPs to deliver the nucleic acid intact into cells. The role of LNPs is to protect mRNA, especially from degradation by ribonucleases (RNases) and to allow it to access the cytoplasm of cells where it can be translated into the protein of interest. LNPs enter cells by endocytosis and their size is a critical parameter impacting their cellular internalization. In this work, we studied different formulation process parameters impacting LNPs size. Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) was used to determine the LNPs size and size distribution and the results were compared with those obtained by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). TDA was also used to study both the degradation of mRNA in the presence of RNases and the percentage of mRNA encapsulation within LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malburet
- grid.462008.8IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France ,grid.417924.dSanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Laurent Leclercq
- grid.462008.8IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Cotte
- grid.417924.dSanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Jérôme Thiebaud
- grid.417924.dSanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Emilie Bazin
- grid.417924.dSanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Marie Garinot
- grid.417924.dSanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Hervé Cottet
- grid.462008.8IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Recent approaches to mRNA vaccine delivery by lipid-based vectors prepared by continuous-flow microfluidic devices. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1561-1581. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in the introduction of several nonviral delivery vectors for the nontoxic, efficient delivery of encapsulated mRNA-based vaccines. Lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles (NP) have proven to be the most potent delivery systems, providing increased delivery efficiency and protection of mRNA molecules from degradation. Here, the authors provide an overview of the recent studies carried out using lipid NPs and their functionalized forms, polymeric and lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarriers utilized mainly for the encapsulation of mRNAs for gene and immune therapeutic applications. A microfluidic system as a prevalent methodology for the preparation of NPs with continuous flow enables NP size tuning, rapid mixing and production reproducibility. Continuous-flow microfluidic devices for lipid and polymeric encapsulated RNA NP production are specifically reviewed.
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Chavda VP, Yao Q, Vora LK, Apostolopoulos V, Patel CA, Bezbaruah R, Patel AB, Chen ZS. Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961198. [PMID: 36263030 PMCID: PMC9574046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the outbreak a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March 2020 it was declared a pandemic. The spread and severity of the outbreak took a heavy toll and overburdening of the global health system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With an immediate worldwide effort, communication, and sharing of data, large amounts of funding, researchers and pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order to prevent severe disease, hospitalizations and death. A number of vaccines were quickly approved for emergency use, and worldwide vaccination rollouts were immediately put in place. However, due to several individuals being hesitant to vaccinations and many poorer countries not having access to vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants quickly emerged that were distinct from the original variant. Uncertainties related to the effectiveness of the various vaccines against the new variants as well as vaccine specific-side effects have remained a concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track vaccine approval, manufacturing at large scale, and the effective distribution of COVID-19 vaccines remain the topmost priorities around the world. Unprecedented efforts made by vaccine developers/researchers as well as healthcare staff, played a major role in distributing vaccine shots that provided protection and/or reduced disease severity, and deaths, even with the delta and omicron variants. Fortunately, even for those who become infected, vaccination appears to protect against major disease, hospitalisation, and fatality from COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing vaccination studies and vaccine platforms that have saved many deaths from the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Qian Yao
- Graduate School, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Chirag A. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Aayushi B. Patel
- Pharmacy Section, LM. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
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Park T, Hwang H, Moon S, Kang SG, Song S, Kim YH, Kim H, Ko EJ, Yoon SD, Kang SM, Hwang HS. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future pandemics. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1363-1376. [PMID: 35924678 PMCID: PMC9979704 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2110075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination continues to be the most effective method for controlling COVID-19 infectious diseases. Nonetheless, SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to evolve and emerge, resulting in significant public concerns worldwide, even after more than 2 years since the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to better understand how different COVID-19 vaccine platforms work, why SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, and what options for improving COVID-19 vaccines can be considered to fight against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future pandemics. AREA COVERED Here, we reviewed the innate immune sensors in the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 virus, innate and adaptive immunity including neutralizing antibodies by different COVID-19 vaccines. Efficacy comparison of the several COVID-19 vaccine platforms approved for use in humans, concerns about SARS-CoV-2 variants and breakthrough infections, and the options for developing future COIVD-19 vaccines were also covered. EXPERT OPINION Owing to the continuous emergence of novel pathogens and the reemergence of variants, safer and more effective new vaccines are needed. This review also aims to provide the knowledge basis for the development of next-generation COVID-19 and pan-coronavirus vaccines to provide cross-protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants and future coronavirus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Park
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyogyeong Hwang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Suhyeong Moon
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Gu Kang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghyup Song
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Hanbi Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Soon-Do Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University (SCNU), Suncheon, South Korea
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Lorentzen CL, Haanen JB, Met Ö, Svane IM. Clinical advances and ongoing trials on mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:e450-e458. [PMID: 36174631 PMCID: PMC9512276 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Years of research exploring mRNA vaccines for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials have set the stage for the rapid development of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and the inherent advantage in ease of production, which rivals the best available conventional vaccine manufacture methods, renders mRNA vaccines a promising option for cancer immunotherapy. Technological advances have optimised mRNA-based vaccine stability, structure, and delivery methods, and multiple clinical trials investigating mRNA vaccine therapy are now enrolling patients with various cancer diagnoses. Although therapeutic mRNA-based cancer vaccines have not yet been approved for standard treatment, encouraging results from early clinical trials with mRNA vaccines as monotherapy and in combination with checkpoint inhibitors have been obtained. This Review summarises the latest clinical advances in mRNA-based vaccines for cancer treatment and reflects on future perspectives and challenges for this new and promising treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine Lund Lorentzen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - John B Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
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Nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated systemic mRNA delivery to reverse trastuzumab resistance for effective breast cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:955-966. [PMID: 36970191 PMCID: PMC10031380 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based therapy has achieved great success and is now one of the most crucial therapeutic modalities for cancer therapy. The first monoclonal antibody authorized for treating human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is trastuzumab. However, resistance to trastuzumab therapy is frequently encountered and thus significantly restricts the therapeutic outcomes. To address this issue, tumor microenvironment (TME) pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) were herein developed for systemic mRNA delivery to reverse the trastuzumab resistance of breast cancer (BCa). This nanoplatform is comprised of a methoxyl-poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer with a TME pH-liable linker (Meo-PEG-Dlink m -PLGA) and an amphiphilic cationic lipid that can complex PTEN mRNA via electrostatic interaction. When the long-circulating mRNA-loaded NPs build up in the tumor after being delivered intravenously, they could be efficiently internalized by tumor cells due to the TME pH-triggered PEG detachment from the NP surface. With the intracellular mRNA release to up-regulate PTEN expression, the constantly activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be blocked in the trastuzumab-resistant BCa cells, thereby resulting in the reversal of trastuzumab resistance and effectively suppress the development of BCa.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A monkeypox outbreak is spreading in territories where the virus is not generally prevalent. The rapid and sudden emergence of monkeypox in numerous nations at the same time means that unreported transmission may have persisted. The number of reported cases is on a constant increase worldwide. At least 20 non-African countries, like Canada, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, have reported more than 57662 as of September 9th suspected or confirmed cases. This is the largest epidemic seen outside of Africa. Scientists are struggling to determine the responsible genes for the higher virulence and transmissibility of the virus. Because the viruses are related, several countries have begun acquiring smallpox vaccinations, which are believed to be very effective against monkeypox. METHODS Bibliographic databases and web-search engines were used to retrieve studies that assessed monkeypox basic biology, life cycle, and transmission. Data were evaluated and used to explain the therapeutics that are under use or have potential. Finally, here is a comparison between how vaccines are being made now and how they were made in the past to stop the spread of new viruses. CONCLUSIONS Available vaccines are believed to be effective if administered within four days of viral exposure, as the virus has a long incubation period. As the virus is zoonotic, there is still a great deal of concern about the viral genetic shift and the risk of spreading to humans. This review will discuss the virus's biology and how dangerous it is. It will also look at how it spreads, what vaccines and treatments are available, and what technologies could be used to make vaccines quickly using mRNA technologies.
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Kubiatowicz LJ, Mohapatra A, Krishnan N, Fang RH, Zhang L. mRNA nanomedicine: Design and recent applications. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210217. [PMID: 36249890 PMCID: PMC9539018 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The rational design and application of mRNA-based medicine have recently yielded some key successes in the clinical management of human diseases. mRNA technology allows for the facile and direct production of proteins in vivo, thus circumventing the need for lengthy drug development cycles and complex production workflows. As such, mRNA formulations can significantly improve upon the biological therapies that have become commonplace in modern medicine. Despite its many advantages, mRNA is inherently fragile and has specific delivery requirements. Leveraging the engineering flexibility of nanobiotechnology, mRNA payloads can be incorporated into nanoformulations such that they do not invoke unwanted immune responses, are targeted to tissues of interest, and can be delivered to the cytosol, resulting in improved safety while enhancing bioactivity. With the rapidly evolving landscape of nanomedicine, novel technologies that are under development have the potential to further improve the clinical utility of mRNA medicine. This review covers the design principles relevant to engineering mRNA-based nanomedicine platforms. It also details the current research on mRNA nanoformulations for addressing viral infections, cancers, and genetic diseases. Given the trends in the field, future mRNA-based nanomedicines have the potential to change how many types of diseases are managed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J. Kubiatowicz
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Animesh Mohapatra
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nishta Krishnan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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69
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Taghizadeh SM, Ghoshoon MB, Ghasemi Y, Dehshahri A, Berenjian A, Ebrahiminezhad A. Efficiency of magnetic immobilization for recombinant Pichia pastoris cells harvesting over consecutive production cycles. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Masoumeh Taghizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Younes Ghasemi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, the University of Waikato, Shiraz, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 221 Agricultural Engineering Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Sung J, Alghoul Z, Long D, Yang C, Merlin D. Oral delivery of IL-22 mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles targeting the injured intestinal mucosa: A novel therapeutic solution to treat ulcerative colitis. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121707. [PMID: 35953326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral mRNA delivery is a promising yet understudied approach for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inspired by the colon-targeting ability of ginger-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs), we reversely engineered lipid nanoparticles that comprise the three major lipids identified in GDNPs. When mixed at the ratio found in GDNPs, the selected lipids (phosphatidic acid, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol; 5:2:3) self-assembled into new lipid nanoparticles (nLNPs) in phosphate-buffered saline. We encapsulated IL-22-mRNA within the nLNPs, as enhanced IL-22 expression in the colon is known to have potent anti-inflammatory efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). The IL-22 mRNA-loaded nLNPs (IL-22/nLNPs) were found to be about 200 nm in diameter and have a zeta potential of -18 mV. Oral delivery of IL-22/nLNPs elevated the protein expression level of IL-22 in the colonic mucosa of mice. In a mouse model of acute colitis, mice fed with IL-22/nLNPs experienced an accelerated healing process, as indicated by the recovery of more body weight and colon length as well as reduction of the histological index, colonic MPO activity, fecal lipocalin concentration, and mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Our results suggest that our reversely engineered nLNPs is an excellent mRNA delivery platform for treating ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsik Sung
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zahra Alghoul
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Dingpei Long
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30302, USA.
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Group, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30302, USA
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Kim KQ, Burgute BD, Tzeng SC, Jing C, Jungers C, Zhang J, Yan LL, Vierstra RD, Djuranovic S, Evans BS, Zaher HS. N1-methylpseudouridine found within COVID-19 mRNA vaccines produces faithful protein products. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111300. [PMID: 35988540 PMCID: PMC9376333 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic mRNA technology is a promising avenue for treating and preventing disease. Key to the technology is the incorporation of modified nucleotides such as N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) to decrease immunogenicity of the RNA. However, relatively few studies have addressed the effects of modified nucleotides on the decoding process. Here, we investigate the effect of m1Ψ and the related modification pseudouridine (Ψ) on translation. In a reconstituted system, we find that m1Ψ does not significantly alter decoding accuracy. More importantly, we do not detect an increase in miscoded peptides when mRNA containing m1Ψ is translated in cell culture, compared with unmodified mRNA. We also find that m1Ψ does not stabilize mismatched RNA-duplex formation and only marginally promotes errors during reverse transcription. Overall, our results suggest that m1Ψ does not significantly impact translational fidelity, a welcome sign for future RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyusik Q. Kim
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Crystal Jing
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Courtney Jungers
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Junya Zhang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Liewei L. Yan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Richard D. Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sergej Djuranovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Hani S. Zaher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA,Corresponding author
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mRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Targeting Immune Cells in the Spleen for Use as Cancer Vaccines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081017. [PMID: 36015165 PMCID: PMC9415712 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA delivery has recently gained substantial interest for possible use in vaccines. Recently approved mRNA vaccines are administered intramuscularly where they transfect antigen-presenting cells (APCs) near the site of administration, resulting in an immune response. The spleen contains high numbers of APCs, which are located near B and T lymphocytes. Therefore, transfecting APCs in the spleen would be expected to produce a more efficient immune response, but this is a challenging task due to the different biological barriers. Success requires the development of an efficient system that can transfect different immune cells in the spleen. In this study, we report on the development of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) targeting immune cells in the spleen with the goal of eliciting an efficient immune response against the antigen encoded in the mRNA. The developed system is composed of mRNA loaded in LNPs whose lipid composition was optimized for maximum transfection into spleen cells. Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells in the spleen were efficiently transfected. The optimized LNPs produced efficient dose-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities that were significantly higher than that produced after local administration. The optimized LNPs encapsulating tumor-antigen encoding mRNA showed both prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor effects in mice.
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73
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Higuchi A, Sung TC, Wang T, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Hsu ST, Umezawa A. Material Design for Next-Generation mRNA Vaccines Using Lipid Nanoparticles. POLYM REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2022.2106490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akon Higuchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taiwan
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Okura, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tzu-Cheng Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S. Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, Pingjen City, Taiwan Taoyuan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, Okura, Tokyo, Japan
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Duan X, Zhang Y, Guo M, Fan N, Chen K, Qin S, Xiao W, Zheng Q, Huang H, Wei X, Wei Y, Song X. Sodium alginate coating simultaneously increases the biosafety and immunotherapeutic activity of the cationic mRNA nanovaccine. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:942-954. [PMID: 36970209 PMCID: PMC10031150 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary advantages associated with mRNA vaccines, including their high efficiency, relatively low severity of side effects, and ease of manufacture, have enabled them to be a promising immunotherapy approach against various infectious diseases and cancers. Nevertheless, most mRNA delivery carriers have many disadvantages, such as high toxicity, poor biocompatibility, and low efficiency in vivo, which have hindered the widespread use of mRNA vaccines. To further characterize and solve these problems and develop a new type of safe and efficient mRNA delivery carrier, a negatively charged SA@DOTAP-mRNA nanovaccine was prepared in this study by coating DOTAP-mRNA with the natural anionic polymer sodium alginate (SA). Intriguingly, the transfection efficiency of SA@DOTAP-mRNA was significantly higher than that of DOTAP-mRNA, which was not due to the increase in cellular uptake but was associated with changes in the endocytosis pathway and the strong lysosome escape ability of SA@DOTAP-mRNA. In addition, we found that SA significantly increased the expression of LUC-mRNA in mice and achieved certain spleen targeting. Finally, we confirmed that SA@DOTAP-mRNA had a stronger antigen-presenting ability in E. G7-OVA tumor-bearing mice, dramatically inducing the proliferation of OVA-specific CLTs and ameliorating the antitumor effect. Therefore, we firmly believe that the coating strategy applied to cationic liposome/mRNA complexes is of potential research value in the field of mRNA delivery and has promising clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengran Guo
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kepan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +028 8550 3817.
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75
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Wang Z, Cui K, Costabel U, Zhang X. Nanotechnology-facilitated vaccine development during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210082. [PMID: 35941992 PMCID: PMC9349967 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continually poses a significant threat to the human race, and prophylactic vaccination is the most potent approach to end this pandemic. Nanotechnology is widely adopted during COVID-19 vaccine development, and the engineering of nanostructured materials such as nanoparticles has opened new possibilities in innovative vaccine development by improving the design and accelerating the development process. This review aims to comprehensively understand the current situation and prospects of nanotechnology-enabled vaccine development against the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the interplay between nanotechnology and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineZhengzhou University People's HospitalHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenanP. R. China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineZhengzhou University People's HospitalHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenanP. R. China
- Academy of Medical ScienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanP. R. China
| | - Ulrich Costabel
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineZhengzhou University People's HospitalHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenanP. R. China
- Department of PneumologyRuhrlandklinikUniversity Medicine EssenEssenGermany
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineZhengzhou University People's HospitalHenan Provincial People's HospitalZhengzhouHenanP. R. China
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Yang L, Tang L, Zhang M, Liu C. Recent Advances in the Molecular Design and Delivery Technology of mRNA for Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896958. [PMID: 35928814 PMCID: PMC9345514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines can prevent many millions of illnesses against infectious diseases and save numerous lives every year. However, traditional vaccines such as inactivated viral and live attenuated vaccines cannot adapt to emerging pandemics due to their time-consuming development. With the global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the virus continues to evolve and mutate, producing mutants with enhanced transmissibility and virulence; the rapid development of vaccines against such emerging global pandemics becomes more and more critical. In recent years, mRNA vaccines have been of significant interest in combating emerging infectious diseases due to their rapid development and large-scale production advantages. However, their development still suffers from many hurdles such as their safety, cellular delivery, uptake, and response to their manufacturing, logistics, and storage. More efforts are still required to optimize the molecular designs of mRNA molecules with increased protein expression and enhanced structural stability. In addition, a variety of delivery systems are also needed to achieve effective delivery of vaccines. In this review, we highlight the advances in mRNA vaccines against various infectious diseases and discuss the molecular design principles and delivery systems of associated mRNA vaccines. The current state of the clinical application of mRNA vaccine pipelines against various infectious diseases and the challenge, safety, and protective effect of associated vaccines are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chaoyong Liu, ; Ming Zhang,
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chaoyong Liu, ; Ming Zhang,
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77
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Tu Y, Yao Z, Yang W, Tao S, Li B, Wang Y, Su Z, Li S. Application of Nanoparticles in Tumour Targeted Drug Delivery and Vaccine. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.948705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and nearly 1 in 6 deaths each year is caused by cancer. Traditional cancer treatment strategies cannot completely solve cancer recurrence and metastasis. With the development of nanotechnology, the study of nanoparticles (NPs) has gradually become a hotspot of medical research. NPs have various advantages. NPs exploit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) of tumour cells to achieve targeted drug delivery and can be retained in tumours long-term. NPs can be used as a powerful design platform for vaccines as well as immunization enhancers. Liposomes, as organic nanomaterials, are widely used in the preparation of nanodrugs and vaccines. Currently, most of the anticancer drugs that have been approved and entered clinical practice are prepared from lipid materials. However, the current clinical conversion rate of NPs is still extremely low, and the transition of NPs from the laboratory to clinical practice is still a substantial challenge. In this paper, we review the in vivo targeted delivery methods, material characteristics of NPs and the application of NPs in vaccine preparation. The application of nanoliposomes is also emphasized. Furthermore, the challenges and limitations of NPs are briefly discussed.
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78
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Ripoll M, Bernard MC, Vaure C, Bazin E, Commandeur S, Perkov V, Lemdani K, Nicolaï MC, Bonifassi P, Kichler A, Frisch B, Haensler J. An imidazole modified lipid confers enhanced mRNA-LNP stability and strong immunization properties in mice and non-human primates. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121570. [PMID: 35576809 PMCID: PMC9078044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine technology has promising applications to fight infectious diseases as demonstrated by the licensing of two mRNA-based vaccines, Comirnaty® (Pfizer/BioNtech) and Spikevax® (Moderna), in the context of the Covid-19 crisis. Safe and effective delivery systems are essential to the performance of these vaccines and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) able to entrap, protect and deliver the mRNA in vivo are considered by many as the current "best in class". Nevertheless, current mRNA/LNP vaccine technology has still some limitations, one of them being thermostability, as evidenced by the ultracold distribution chain required for the licensed vaccines. We found that the thermostability of mRNA/LNP, could be improved by a novel imidazole modified lipid, DOG-IM4, in combination with standard helper lipids. DOG-IM4 comprises an ionizable head group consisting of imidazole, a dioleoyl lipid tail and a short flexible polyoxyethylene spacer between the head and tail. Here we describe the synthesis of DOG-IM4 and show that DOG-IM4 LNPs confer strong immunization properties to influenza HA mRNA in mice and macaques and a remarkable stability to the encapsulated mRNA when stored liquid in phosphate buffered saline at 4 °C. We speculate the increased stability to result from some specific attributes of the lipid's imidazole head group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ripoll
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Equipe 3Bio (Biovectorisation, Bioconjugaison, Biomatériaux), UMR 7199 - CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | | | - Céline Vaure
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Emilie Bazin
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Sylvie Commandeur
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Vladimir Perkov
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Katia Lemdani
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France; Neovacs, 3 impasse Reille, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Claire Nicolaï
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Patrick Bonifassi
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Equipe 3Bio (Biovectorisation, Bioconjugaison, Biomatériaux), UMR 7199 - CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Benoit Frisch
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Equipe 3Bio (Biovectorisation, Bioconjugaison, Biomatériaux), UMR 7199 - CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Jean Haensler
- Sanofi R&D, Campus Mérieux, 1541 avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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D’haese S, Laeremans T, den Roover S, Allard SD, Vanham G, Aerts JL. Efficient Induction of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses by Cationic Peptide-Based mRNA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071387. [PMID: 35890284 PMCID: PMC9321026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major determinant for the success of mRNA-based vaccines is the composition of the nanoparticles (NPs) used for formulation and delivery. Cationic peptides represent interesting candidate carriers for mRNA, since they have been shown to efficiently deliver nucleic acids to eukaryotic cells. mRNA NPs based on arginine-rich peptides have previously been demonstrated to induce potent antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. We therefore compared the histidine-rich amphipathic peptide LAH4-L1 (KKALLAHALHLLALLALHLAHALKKA) to the fully substituted arginine variant (LAH4-L1R) for their capacity to formulate mRNA and transfect dendritic cells (DCs). Although both peptides encapsulated mRNA to the same extent, and showed excellent uptake in DCs, the gene expression level was significantly higher for LAH4-L1. The LAH4-L1–mRNA NPs also resulted in enhanced antigen presentation in the context of MHC I compared to LAH4-L1R in primary murine CD103+ DCs. Both peptides induced DC maturation and inflammasome activation. Subsequent ex vivo stimulation of OT-I splenocytes with transfected CD103+ DCs resulted in a high proportion of polyfunctional CD8+ T cells for both peptides. In addition, in vivo immunization with LAH4-L1 or LAH4-L1R–mRNA NPs resulted in proliferation of antigen-specific T cells. In conclusion, although LAH4-L1 outperformed LAH4-L1R in terms of transfection efficiency, the immune stimulation ex vivo and in vivo was equally efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid D’haese
- Laboratory for Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.D.); (T.L.); (S.d.R.)
| | - Thessa Laeremans
- Laboratory for Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.D.); (T.L.); (S.d.R.)
| | - Sabine den Roover
- Laboratory for Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.D.); (T.L.); (S.d.R.)
| | - Sabine D. Allard
- Department of Internal Medicine (IRG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Guido Vanham
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- Laboratory for Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.D.); (T.L.); (S.d.R.)
- Correspondence:
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80
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Hameed SA, Paul S, Dellosa GKY, Jaraquemada D, Bello MB. Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:71. [PMID: 35764661 PMCID: PMC9239993 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccine platform has offered the greatest potential in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic owing to rapid development, effectiveness, and scalability to meet the global demand. There are many other mRNA vaccines currently being developed against different emerging viral diseases. As with the current COVID-19 vaccines, these mRNA-based vaccine candidates are being developed for parenteral administration via injections. However, most of the emerging viruses colonize the mucosal surfaces prior to systemic infection making it very crucial to target mucosal immunity. Although parenterally administered vaccines would induce a robust systemic immunity, they often provoke a weak mucosal immunity which may not be effective in preventing mucosal infection. In contrast, mucosal administration potentially offers the dual benefit of inducing potent mucosal and systemic immunity which would be more effective in offering protection against mucosal viral infection. There are however many challenges posed by the mucosal environment which impede successful mucosal vaccination. The development of an effective delivery system remains a major challenge to the successful exploitation of mucosal mRNA vaccination. Nonetheless, a number of delivery vehicles have been experimentally harnessed with different degrees of success in the mucosal delivery of mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mRNA vaccines and summarise their application in the fight against emerging viral diseases with particular emphasis on COVID-19 mRNA platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects and challenges of mucosal administration of mRNA-based vaccines, and we explore the existing experimental studies on mucosal mRNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodiq A. Hameed
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stephane Paul
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Giann Kerwin Y. Dellosa
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Dolores Jaraquemada
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Muhammad Bashir Bello
- grid.412771.60000 0001 2150 5428Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University PMB, 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
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81
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Ray TK, Rahaman MS, Islam M, Anika F, Hosain MK, Aovi FI, Hemeg HA, Rauf A, Wilairatana P. Recent advancements of nanoparticles application in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: At a glance. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113305. [PMID: 35717779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is one of the innovative approaches to heal multitudes of ailments, such as varieties of malignancies, neurological problems, and infectious illnesses. Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may be modified in aspect because of their ability to stimulate physiological response while limiting negative consequences by interfacing and activating possible targets. Nanomaterials have been extensively studied and employed for cancerous therapeutic strategies since nanomaterials potentially play a significant role in medical transportation. When compared to conventional drug delivery, nanocarriers drug delivery offers various benefits, such as excellent reliability, bioactivity, improved penetration and retention impact, as well as precise targeting and administering. Upregulation of drug efflux transporters, dysfunctional apoptotic mechanisms, and a hypoxic atmosphere are all elements that lead to cancer treatment sensitivity in humans. It has been possible to target these pathways using nanoparticles and increase the effectiveness of multidrug resistance treatments. As innovative strategies of tumor chemoresistance are uncovered, nanomaterials are being developed to target specific pathways of tumor resilience. Scientists have recently begun investigating the function of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, a field that is becoming increasingly useful in the care of malignancies. Nanoscale therapeutics have been explored in this scientific literature and represent the most current approaches to neurodegenerative illnesses and cancer therapy. In addition, current findings and various biomedical nanomaterials' future promise for tissue regeneration, prospective medication design, and the synthesis of novel delivery approaches have been emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanmay Kumar Ray
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fazilatunnesa Anika
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawser Hosain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Islam Aovi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Monawra 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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82
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Gerhardt A, Voigt E, Archer M, Reed S, Larson E, Van Hoeven N, Kramer R, Fox C, Casper C. A flexible, thermostable nanostructured lipid carrier platform for RNA vaccine delivery. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:205-214. [PMID: 35308783 PMCID: PMC8924030 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current RNA vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited by instability of both the RNA and the lipid nanoparticle delivery system, requiring storage at -20°C or -70°C and compromising universally accessible vaccine distribution. This study demonstrates the thermostability and adaptability of a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) delivery system for RNA vaccines that has the potential to address these concerns. Liquid NLC alone is stable at refrigerated temperatures for ≥1 year, enabling stockpiling and rapid deployment by point-of-care mixing with any vaccine RNA. Alternatively, NLC complexed with RNA may be readily lyophilized and stored at room temperature for ≥8 months or refrigerated temperature for ≥21 months while still retaining the ability to express protein in vivo. The thermostability of this NLC/RNA vaccine delivery platform could significantly improve distribution of current and future pandemic response vaccines, particularly in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Gerhardt
- Product Development Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Emily Voigt
- RNA Vaccines Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Michelle Archer
- Product Development Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Sierra Reed
- Product Development Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Elise Larson
- Formulation Sciences Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Neal Van Hoeven
- RNA Vaccines Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Ryan Kramer
- Product Development Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Christopher Fox
- Formulation Sciences Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Corey Casper
- Product Development Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- RNA Vaccines Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Formulation Sciences Group, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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83
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Deng Z, Tian Y, Song J, An G, Yang P. mRNA Vaccines: The Dawn of a New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887125. [PMID: 35720301 PMCID: PMC9201022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA therapy is a novel anticancer strategy based on in vitro transcription (IVT), which has potential for the treatment of malignant tumors. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the early 21st century has promoted the application of mRNA technologies in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and there has been a great deal of interest in the research and development of mRNA cancer vaccines. There has been progress in a number of key technologies, including mRNA production strategies, delivery systems, antitumor immune strategies, etc. These technologies have accelerated the progress and clinical applications of mRNA therapy, overcoming problems encountered in the past, such as instability, inefficient delivery, and weak immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines. This review provides a detailed overview of the production, delivery systems, immunological mechanisms, and antitumor immune response strategies for mRNA cancer vaccines. We list some mRNA cancer vaccines that are candidates for cancer treatment and discuss clinical trials in the field of tumor immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss the immunological mechanism of action by which mRNA vaccines destroy tumors as well as challenges and prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Guangwen An
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 984 Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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84
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Barbier AJ, Jiang AY, Zhang P, Wooster R, Anderson DG. The clinical progress of mRNA vaccines and immunotherapies. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:840-854. [PMID: 35534554 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergency use authorizations (EUAs) of two mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 vaccines approximately 11 months after publication of the viral sequence highlights the transformative potential of this nucleic acid technology. Most clinical applications of mRNA to date have focused on vaccines for infectious disease and cancer for which low doses, low protein expression and local delivery can be effective because of the inherent immunostimulatory properties of some mRNA species and formulations. In addition, work on mRNA-encoded protein or cellular immunotherapies has also begun, for which minimal immune stimulation, high protein expression in target cells and tissues, and the need for repeated administration have led to additional manufacturing and formulation challenges for clinical translation. Building on this momentum, the past year has seen clinical progress with second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, Omicron-specific boosters and vaccines against seasonal influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer. Here we review the clinical progress of mRNA therapy as well as provide an overview and future outlook of the transformative technology behind these mRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen Yujie Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | | | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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85
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The link between genetic variation and variability in vaccine responses: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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86
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Zhuang X, Chen L, Yang S, Xia S, Xu Z, Zhang T, Zeng B, Yu T, Yu N, Wang W, Lu H, Tian M, Jin N. R848 Adjuvant Laden With Self-Assembled Nanoparticle-Based mRNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity Against H5N1 in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836274. [PMID: 35711431 PMCID: PMC9197463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to perfect the design strategy of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against the H5N1 influenza virus, we investigated whether different antigen designs and the use of adjuvants could improve the immune effect of mRNA vaccines. We designed three different forms of antigen genes, including Flu [H1/H3/H5/B-HA2(aa90~105)-M2e(24aa)], Flu-Fe (Fe, ferritin), and CD5-Flu-Fe (CD5, a secretion signal peptide). Meanwhile, R848 (Requimod) was selected as the adjuvant of the mRNA vaccine. We prepared cationic lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery, named LNP-Man (mannose-modified lipid nanoparticles). Cell transfection results showed that Flu-Fe/CD5-Flu-Fe containing ferritin could express the target antigens HA2 and M2e more efficiently than Flu. In the mice immune experiment, five immune groups (LNP-Man/Flu, LNP-Man/Flu-Fe, LNP-Man/CD5-Flu-Fe, LNP-Man/Flu-Fe+R848, and LNP-Man/CD5-Flu-Fe+R848) and two control groups (LNP-Man, PBS) were set up. After being infected with the 1×LD50 H5N1 avian influenza virus, the survival rate of the mice in the LNP-Man/CD5-Flu-Fe, LNP-Man/Flu-Fe+R848, and LNP-Man/CD5-Flu-Fe+R848 were 100%. More importantly, in LNP-Man/Flu-Fe+R848 and LNP-Man/CD5-Flu-Fe+R848 groups, there was no residual virus detected in the mice lung tissue on the 5th day postchallenge. Overall, this study provides a new idea for the design of H5N1 avian influenza virus mRNA vaccines in terms of antigen designs and adjuvant selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhuang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Luer Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songhui Yang
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boyu Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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87
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Feng Y, Li Y, Shen PP, Wang B. Gene-Modified Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury: a Promising Better Alternative Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2662-2682. [PMID: 35587330 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), which can reverse neurodegeneration and promote tissue regeneration via its pluripotency and ability to secrete neurotrophic factors. Although various stem cell-based approaches have shown certain therapeutic effects when applied to the treatment of SCI, their clinical efficacies have been disappointing. Thus, it is an urgent need to further enhance the neurological benefits of stem cells through bioengineering strategies including genetic engineering. In this review, we summarize the progress of stem cell therapy for SCI and the prospect of genetically modified stem cells, focusing on the genome editing tools and functional molecules involved in SCI repair, trying to provide a deeper understanding of genetically modified stem cell therapy and more applicable clinical strategies for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Feng
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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88
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Costa B, Boueri B, Oliveira C, Silveira I, Ribeiro AJ. Lipoplexes and polyplexes as nucleic acids delivery nanosystems: The current state and future considerations. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:577-594. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2075846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Costa
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Boueri
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudia Oliveira
- Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silveira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antonio J. Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
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89
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Jawalagatti V, Kirthika P, Lee JH. Oral mRNA Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases- A Bacterial Perspective [Invited]. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884862. [PMID: 35592330 PMCID: PMC9110646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna were granted emergency approval in record time in the history of vaccinology and played an instrumental role in limiting the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The success of these vaccines resulted from over 3 decades of research from many scientists. However, the development of orally administrable mRNA vaccine development is surprisingly underexplored. Our group specializing in Salmonella-based vaccines explored the possibility of oral mRNA vaccine development. Oral delivery was made possible by the exploitation of the Semliki Forest viral replicon and Salmonella vehicle for transgene amplification and gene delivery, respectively. Herein we highlight the prospect of developing oral replicon-based mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases based on our recent primary studies on SARS-CoV-2. Further, we discuss the potential advantages and limitations of bacterial gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Hwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
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90
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Morad N, Taghizadeh SM, Hadi N, Ghanbariasad A, Berenjian A, Khoo KS, Varjani S, Show PL, Ebrahiminezhad A. Synthesis of mesoporous antimicrobial herbal nanomaterial-carrier for silver nanoparticles and antimicrobial sensing. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113077. [PMID: 35489468 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Herbal nanoparticles (HNPs) were introduced as a novel generation of antimicrobial nanoparticles. But in the battle against superbugs we need nanostructures with boosted antimicrobial potency. So in the current experiment, for the first time a green approach was developed for the silver functionalization of HNPs which were fabricated from an antimicrobial herb Thymus vulgaris. Silver functionalized HNPs (AgHNPs) were found to be mesoporous and were further fortified with antimicrobial compounds. The resulted structures were re-tested against MRSA and P. aeruginosa as superbugs. It was found that silver functionalization can provide eight-fold increase in the antimicrobial potency of HNPs. Moreover, MIC was reduced from 20 mg/mL to 2.5 mg/mL. Another eight-fold reduction in the MIC (0.3 mg/mL) was achieved by fortification with antimicrobial compounds. So, the antimicrobial potency of HNPs was successfully increase approximately up to 64-folds. Obtained results illustrated that silver functionalization and fortification with antimicrobial compounds can be considered as effective approaches to achieve HNPs with boosted antimicrobial potency. These nanostructures have the potency to be loaded with other antimicrobial compound such as antibiotics toward synergistic effects of AgNPs and antibiotics. Resulted nanostructures can be employed in the formulation of powerful topical and surface disinfectants against superbugs. Also, these particles can be considered as a next generation of boosted antimicrobial nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Morad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Nahal Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbariasad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Aydin Berenjian
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3216, New Zealand; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 221 Agricultural Engineering Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 43500, Malaysia.
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91
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COVID-19 Vaccines: Current and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040608. [PMID: 35455357 PMCID: PMC9025326 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective but not able to keep the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic completely under control. Alternative R&D strategies are required to induce a long-lasting immunological response and to reduce adverse events as well as to favor rapid development and large-scale production. Several technological platforms have been used to develop COVID-19 vaccines, including inactivated viruses, recombinant proteins, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and virus-like particles. In general, mRNA vaccines, protein-based vaccines, and vectored vaccines have shown a high level of protection against COVID-19. However, the mutation-prone nature of the spike (S) protein affects long-lasting vaccine protection and its effectiveness, and vaccinated people can become infected with new variants, also showing high virus levels. In addition, adverse effects may occur, some of them related to the interaction of the S protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Thus, there are some concerns that need to be addressed and challenges regarding logistic problems, such as strict storage at low temperatures for some vaccines. In this review, we discuss the limits of vaccines developed against COVID-19 and possible innovative approaches.
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92
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Kavanagh EW, Green JJ. Toward Gene Transfer Nanoparticles as Therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102145. [PMID: 35006646 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic medicine has great potential to treat the underlying causes of many human diseases with exquisite precision, but the field has historically been stymied by delivery as the central challenge. Nanoparticles, engineered constructs the size of natural viruses, are being designed to more closely mimic the delivery efficiency of viruses, while enabling the advantages of increased safety, cargo-carrying flexibility, specific targeting, and ease in manufacturing. The speed in which nonviral gene transfer nanoparticles are making progress in the clinic is accelerating, with clinical validation of multiple nonviral nucleic acid delivery nanoparticle formulations recently FDA approved for both expression and for silencing of genes. While much of this progress has been with lipid nanoparticle formulations, significant development is being made with other nanomaterials for gene transfer as well, with favorable attributes such as biodegradability, scalability, and cell targeting. This review highlights the state of the field, current challenges in delivery, and opportunities for engineered nanomaterials to meet these challenges, including enabling long-term therapeutic gene editing. Delivery technology utilizing different kinds of nanomaterials and varying cargos for gene transfer (DNA, mRNA, and ribonucleoproteins) are discussed. Clinical applications are presented, including for the treatment of genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W. Kavanagh
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5017 Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Translational Tissue Engineering Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 400 North Broadway, Smith Building 5017 Baltimore MD 21231 USA
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93
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Akamine CM, El Sahly HM. Messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 - a review. Transl Res 2022; 242:1-19. [PMID: 34954088 PMCID: PMC8695521 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mRNA therapeutics have been studied since the 1970s and the currently available mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 are the culmination of decades of scientific research. The mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 have played a key role in our global response to the COVID-19 pandemic as they have demonstrated significant advantages over conventional vaccines and have proven to be highly effective against COVID-19 associated hospitalization and severe illness in large clinical trials and studies using real-world data.
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Key Words
- covid-19, coronavirus disease of 2019
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- mrna, messenger ribonucleic acid
- lnp, liposomal nanoparticle
- sam, self-amplifying mrna
- dsrna, double-stranded rna
- ad5, adenovirus type 5
- apcs, antigen presenting cells
- rbd, receptor-binding domain
- mers-cov, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- gmt, geometric mean titer
- bmi, body mass index
- eua, emergency use authorization
- cdc, centers for disease control
- b.1.1.7, alpha variant
- b.1.351, beta variant
- covid-net, covid-19-associated hospitalization surveillance network
- voc, variants of concern
- utr, untranslated regions
- pamps, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- mhc, major histocompatibility complex
- dcs, dendritic cells
- ace-2, angiotensin converting enzyme receptor
- cvncov, curevac
- gmc, geometric mean concentration
- fda, food and drug administration
- vaers, vaccine adverse event reporting system
- bau, binding antibody units
- dna, deoxyribonucleic acid
- trna, transfer ribonucleic acid
- prnt50, plaque reduction neutralization test
- nab, neutralizing antibodies
- bla, biologics license application
- ve, vaccine efficacy
- vsd, vaccine safety datalink
- va, department of veterans affairs
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana M El Sahly
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas
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94
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Huff AL, Jaffee EM, Zaidi N. Messenger RNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy: progress promotes promise. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156211. [PMID: 35289317 PMCID: PMC8920340 DOI: 10.1172/jci156211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has elevated mRNA vaccines to global recognition due to their unprecedented success rate in protecting against a deadly virus. This international success is underscored by the remarkable versatility, favorable immunogenicity, and overall safety of the mRNA platform in diverse populations. Although mRNA vaccines have been studied in preclinical models and patients with cancer for almost three decades, development has been slow. The recent technological advances responsible for the COVID-19 vaccines have potential implications for successfully adapting this vaccine platform for cancer therapeutics. Here we discuss the lessons learned along with the chemical, biologic, and immunologic adaptations needed to optimize mRNA technology to successfully treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Oncology
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and
- The Cancer Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Department of Oncology
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and
- The Cancer Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and
- The Cancer Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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95
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Messerschmidt VL, Chintapula U, Bonetesta F, Laboy-Segarra S, Naderi A, Nguyen KT, Cao H, Mager E, Lee J. In vivo Evaluation of Non-viral NICD Plasmid-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Developing Zebrafish to Improve Cardiac Functions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819767. [PMID: 35283767 PMCID: PMC8906778 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of the advanced nanomaterials, use of nanoparticles has been highlighted in biomedical research. However, the demonstration of DNA plasmid delivery with nanoparticles for in vivo gene delivery experiments must be carefully tested due to many possible issues, including toxicity. The purpose of the current study was to deliver a Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD)-encoded plasmid via poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and to investigate the toxic environmental side effects for an in vivo experiment. In addition, we demonstrated the target delivery to the endothelium, including the endocardial layer, which is challenging to manipulate gene expression for cardiac functions due to the beating heart and rapid blood pumping. For this study, we used a zebrafish animal model and exposed it to nanoparticles at varying concentrations to observe for specific malformations over time for toxic effects of PLGA nanoparticles as a delivery vehicle. Our nanoparticles caused significantly less malformations than the positive control, ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the NICD plasmid was successfully delivered by PLGA nanoparticles and significantly increased Notch signaling related genes. Furthermore, our image based deep-learning analysis approach evaluated that the antibody conjugated nanoparticles were successfully bound to the endocardium to overexpress Notch related genes and improve cardiac function such as ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. This research demonstrates that PLGA nanoparticle-mediated target delivery to upregulate Notch related genes which can be a potential therapeutic approach with minimum toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Messerschmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Uday Chintapula
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fabrizio Bonetesta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Laboy-Segarra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Amir Naderi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hung Cao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Edward Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.,University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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96
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Chen W, Ma Y, Liu X, Zhu D. Polyester materials for mRNA delivery. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:117-127. [PMID: 36046844 PMCID: PMC9400784 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has recently made important progress in clinical implementation, offering a promising therapeutic option for infectious disease and cancer. However, the nature of mRNA molecules rendered them poorly bioavailable and unstable in vivo, impeding their further clinical application. Therefore, safe and efficient delivery of mRNA therapeutics to the target site is crucial for their successful translation into the clinical setting. Various vectors have been explored for mRNA delivery. Among them, polyesters and their analogs, a family of biodegradable polymers, have exhibited great potential for mRNA delivery. In this short review, the authors briefly introduce mRNA therapeutics, their therapeutic applications and delivery challenges. The authors then presented the typical examples of polyester materials for mRNA delivery to highlight the current progress and discuss the challenges for the rational design of polyester based mRNA delivery vectors. The authors hope to provide a new insight for the design of biodegradable vectors for nucleic acids delivery, thereby promoting their further clinic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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97
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Peterson CW, Venkataraman R, Reddy SS, Pande D, Enstrom MR, Radtke S, Humbert O, Kiem HP. Intracellular RNase activity dampens zinc finger nuclease-mediated gene editing in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 24:30-39. [PMID: 34977270 PMCID: PMC8671732 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, numerous gene-editing platforms which alter host DNA in a highly specific and targeted fashion have been described. Two notable examples are zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), the first gene-editing platform to be tested in clinical trials, and more recently, CRISPR/Cas9. Although CRISPR/Cas9 approaches have become arguably the most popular platform in the field, the therapeutic advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are only beginning to emerge. We have established a nonhuman primate (NHP) model that serves as a strong predictor of successful gene therapy and gene-editing approaches in humans; our recent work shows that ZFN-edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) engraft at lower levels than CRISPR/Cas9-edited cells. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this difference. We show that optimized culture conditions, including defined serum-free media, augment engraftment of gene-edited NHP HSPCs in a mouse xenograft model. Furthermore, we identify intracellular RNases as major barriers for mRNA-encoded nucleases relative to preformed enzymatically active CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. We conclude that CRISPR/Cas9 RNP gene editing is more stable and efficient than ZFN mRNA-based delivery and identify co-delivered RNase inhibitors as a strategy to enhance the expression of gene-editing proteins from mRNA intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rasika Venkataraman
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Sowmya S. Reddy
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Dnyanada Pande
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Mark R. Enstrom
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Stefan Radtke
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Olivier Humbert
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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98
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Byun MJ, Lim J, Kim SN, Park DH, Kim TH, Park W, Park CG. Advances in Nanoparticles for Effective Delivery of RNA Therapeutics. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022; 16:128-145. [PMID: 35261724 PMCID: PMC8891745 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics, including messenger RNA (mRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), are genetic materials that mediate the translation of genetic direction from genes to induce or inhibit specific protein production. Although the interest in RNA therapeutics is rising globally, the absence of an effective delivery system is an obstacle to the clinical application of RNA therapeutics. Additionally, immunogenicity, short duration of protein expression, unwanted enzymatic degradation, and insufficient cellular uptake could limit the therapeutic efficacy of RNA therapeutics. In this regard, novel platforms based on nanoparticles are crucial for delivering RNAs to the targeted site to increase efficiency without toxicity. In this review, the most recent status of nanoparticles as RNA delivery vectors, with a focus on polymeric nanoparticles, peptide-derived nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and hybrid nanoparticles, is discussed. These nanoparticular platforms can be utilized for safe and effective RNA delivery to augment therapeutic effects. Ultimately, RNA therapeutics encapsulated in nanoparticle-based carriers will be used to treat many diseases and save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Byun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Park
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419 Republic of Korea
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Nonviral Delivery Systems of mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030512. [PMID: 35335891 PMCID: PMC8949480 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the fields of gene therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell biomedicine has received extensive attention. With the development of scientific technology, mRNA applications for tumor treatment have matured. Since the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak in 2019, the development of engineered mRNA and mRNA vaccines has accelerated rapidly. mRNA is easy to produce, scalable, modifiable, and not integrated into the host genome, showing tremendous potential for cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy when used in combination with traditional strategies. The core mechanism of mRNA therapy is vehicle-based delivery of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA), which is large, negatively charged, and easily degradable, into the cytoplasm and subsequent expression of the corresponding proteins. However, effectively delivering mRNA into cells and successfully activating the immune response are the keys to the clinical transformation of mRNA therapy. In this review, we focus on nonviral nanodelivery systems of mRNA vaccines used for cancer gene therapy and immunotherapy.
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Durojaye OA, Sedzro DM, Idris MO, Yekeen AA, Fadahunsi AA, Alakanse OS. Identification of a Potential mRNA-based Vaccine Candidate against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Reverse Vaccinology Approach. ChemistrySelect 2022; 7:e202103903. [PMID: 35601809 PMCID: PMC9111088 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 has generated a devastating global consequence which makes the development of a rapidly deployable, effective and safe vaccine candidate an imminent global health priority. The design of most vaccine candidates has been directed at the induction of antibody responses against the trimeric spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, a class I fusion protein that aids ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor binding. A variety of formulations and vaccinology approaches are being pursued for targeting the spike glycoprotein, including simian and human replication-defective adenoviral vaccines, subunit protein vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines and whole-inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Here, we directed a reverse vaccinology approach towards the design of a nucleic acid (mRNA-based) vaccine candidate. The "YLQPRTFLL" peptide sequence (position 269-277) which was predicted to be a B cell epitope and likewise a strong binder of the HLA*A-0201 was selected for the design of the vaccine candidate, having satisfied series of antigenicity assessments. Through the codon optimization protocol, the nucleotide sequence for the vaccine candidate design was generated and targeted at the human toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Bioinformatics analyses showed that the sequence "UACCUGCAGCCGCGUACCUUCCUGCUG" exhibited a strong affinity and likewise was bound to a stable cavity in the TLR7 pocket. This study is therefore expected to contribute to the research efforts directed at securing definitive preventive measures against the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju Ayodeji Durojaye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular DynamicsHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
- Department of Chemical SciencesCoal City University, EmeneEnugu StateNigeria
| | - Divine Mensah Sedzro
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular DynamicsHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | | | - Abeeb Abiodun Yekeen
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Adeola Abraham Fadahunsi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
| | - Oluwaseun Suleiman Alakanse
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230027China
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of IlorinIlorinKwara StateNigeria
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