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Rowe SM, Zuckerman JB, Dorgan D, Lascano J, McCoy K, Jain M, Schechter MS, Lommatzsch S, Indihar V, Lechtzin N, McBennett K, Callison C, Brown C, Liou TG, MacDonald KD, Nasr SZ, Bodie S, Vaughn M, Meltzer EB, Barbier AJ. Inhaled mRNA therapy for treatment of cystic fibrosis: Interim results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 clinical study. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:656-664. [PMID: 37121795 PMCID: PMC10524666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRT5005, a codon-optimized CFTR mRNA, delivered by aerosol in lipid nanoparticles, was designed as a genotype-agnostic treatment for CF lung disease. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1/2 study performed in the US. Adults with 2 severe class I and/or II CFTR mutations and baseline ppFEV1 values between 50 and 90% were randomized 3:1 (MRT5005: placebo). Six dose levels of MRT5005 (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 mg) or placebo (0.9% Sodium Chloride) were administered by nebulization. The single ascending dose cohort was treated over a range from 8 to 24 mg; the multiple ascending dose cohort received five weekly doses (range 8-20 mg); and the daily dosing cohort received five daily doses (4 mg). RESULTS A total of 42 subjects were assigned to MRT5005 [31] or placebo [11]. A total of 14 febrile reactions were observed in 10 MRT5005-treated participants, which were mild [3] or moderate [11] in severity; two subjects discontinued related to these events. Additionally, two MRT5005-treated patients experienced hypersensitivity reactions, which were managed conservatively. The most common treatment emergent adverse events were cough and headache. No consistent effects on FEV1 were noted. CONCLUSIONS MRT5005 was generally safe and well tolerated through 28 days of follow-up after the last dose, though febrile and hypersensitivity reactions were noted. The majority of these reactions resolved within 1-2 days with supportive care allowing continued treatment with MRT5005 and careful monitoring. In this small first-in-human study, FEV1 remained stable after treatment, but no beneficial effects on FEV1 were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Rowe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | - D Dorgan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Lascano
- University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - K McCoy
- Nationwide Children's Hospital/the Ohio State University, USA
| | - M Jain
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - M S Schechter
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | | | | | | | - K McBennett
- University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, USA
| | - C Callison
- University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, USA
| | - C Brown
- Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
| | - T G Liou
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | - S Z Nasr
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - S Bodie
- Translate Bio Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - M Vaughn
- Translate Bio Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
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Barbier AJ, Jiang AY, Zhang P, Wooster R, Anderson DG. The clinical progress of mRNA vaccines and immunotherapies. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:840-854. [PMID: 35534554 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergency use authorizations (EUAs) of two mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 vaccines approximately 11 months after publication of the viral sequence highlights the transformative potential of this nucleic acid technology. Most clinical applications of mRNA to date have focused on vaccines for infectious disease and cancer for which low doses, low protein expression and local delivery can be effective because of the inherent immunostimulatory properties of some mRNA species and formulations. In addition, work on mRNA-encoded protein or cellular immunotherapies has also begun, for which minimal immune stimulation, high protein expression in target cells and tissues, and the need for repeated administration have led to additional manufacturing and formulation challenges for clinical translation. Building on this momentum, the past year has seen clinical progress with second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, Omicron-specific boosters and vaccines against seasonal influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer. Here we review the clinical progress of mRNA therapy as well as provide an overview and future outlook of the transformative technology behind these mRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen Yujie Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | | | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Grace RF, Rose C, Layton DM, Galactéros F, Barcellini W, Morton DH, van Beers EJ, Yaish H, Ravindranath Y, Kuo KHM, Sheth S, Kwiatkowski JL, Barbier AJ, Bodie S, Silver B, Hua L, Kung C, Hawkins P, Jouvin MH, Bowden C, Glader B. Safety and Efficacy of Mitapivat in Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:933-944. [PMID: 31483964 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1902678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate kinase deficiency is caused by mutations in PKLR and leads to congenital hemolytic anemia. Mitapivat is an oral, small-molecule allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase in red cells. METHODS In this uncontrolled, phase 2 study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of mitapivat in 52 adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency who were not receiving red-cell transfusions. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg or 300 mg of mitapivat twice daily for a 24-week core period; eligible patients could continue treatment in an ongoing extension phase. RESULTS Common adverse events, including headache and insomnia, occurred at the time of drug initiation and were transient; 92% of the episodes of headache and 47% of the episodes of insomnia resolved within 7 days. The most common serious adverse events, hemolytic anemia and pharyngitis, each occurred in 2 patients (4%). A total of 26 patients (50%) had an increase of more than 1.0 g per deciliter in the hemoglobin level. Among these patients, the mean maximum increase was 3.4 g per deciliter (range, 1.1 to 5.8), and the median time until the first increase of more than 1.0 g per deciliter was 10 days (range, 7 to 187); 20 patients (77%) had an increase of more than 1.0 g per deciliter in the hemoglobin level at more than 50% of visits during the core study period, with improvement in markers of hemolysis. The response was sustained in all 19 patients remaining in the extension phase, with a median follow-up of 29 months (range, 22 to 35). Hemoglobin responses were observed only in patients who had at least one missense PKLR mutation and were associated with the red-cell pyruvate kinase protein level at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The administration of mitapivat was associated with a rapid increase in the hemoglobin level in 50% of adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency, with a sustained response during a median follow-up of 29 months during the extension phase. Adverse effects were mainly low-grade and transient. (Funded by Agios Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02476916.).
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/blood
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/drug therapy
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital Nonspherocytic/genetics
- Catechols
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Headache/chemically induced
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mutation
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/adverse effects
- Pyruvate Kinase/blood
- Pyruvate Kinase/deficiency
- Pyruvate Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/drug therapy
- Pyruvate Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Quinolines/administration & dosage
- Quinolines/adverse effects
- Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/chemically induced
- Tyrphostins
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael F Grace
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Christian Rose
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - D Mark Layton
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Frédéric Galactéros
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Wilma Barcellini
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - D Holmes Morton
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Eduard J van Beers
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Hassan Yaish
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Kevin H M Kuo
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Sujit Sheth
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Janet L Kwiatkowski
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Ann J Barbier
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Susan Bodie
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Bruce Silver
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Lei Hua
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Charles Kung
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Peter Hawkins
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Marie-Hélène Jouvin
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Chris Bowden
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
| | - Bertil Glader
- From the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston (R.F.G.), and Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge (A.J.B., S.B., L.H., C.K., P.H., M.-H.J., C.B.) - all in Massachusetts; Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille (C.R.), and Unité des Maladies Génétiques du Globule Rouge, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Créteil (F.G.) - both in France; Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London (D.M.L.); Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.); Central Pennsylvania Clinic, Belleville (D.H.M.), and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.L.K.); Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (E.J.B.); University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.Y.); Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (Y.R.); University of Toronto, Toronto (K.H.M.K.); Weill Cornell Medical College, New York (S.S.); Bruce A. Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD (B.S.); and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (B.G.)
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4
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Yang H, Merica E, Chen Y, Cohen M, Goldwater R, Kosinski PA, Kung C, Yuan ZJ, Silverman L, Goldwasser M, Silver BA, Agresta S, Barbier AJ. Phase 1 Single- and Multiple-Ascending-Dose Randomized Studies of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of AG-348, a First-in-Class Allosteric Activator of Pyruvate Kinase R, in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 8:246-259. [PMID: 30091852 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase deficiency is a chronic hemolytic anemia caused by mutations in PK-R, a key glycolytic enzyme in erythrocytes. These 2 phase 1 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind healthy-volunteer studies assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of AG-348, a first-in-class allosteric PK-R activator. Twelve sequential cohorts were randomized 2:6 to receive oral placebo or AG-348, respectively, as a single dose (30-2500 mg) in the single-ascending-dose (SAD) study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02108106) or 15-700 mg every 12 hours or 120 mg every 24 hours, for 14 days in the multiple-ascending-dose (MAD) study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02149966). All 48 subjects completed the fasted SAD part; 44 of 48 completed the MAD (2 discontinued because of adverse events [AEs], 2 withdrew consent). The most common treatment-related AEs in AG-348-treated subjects were headache (16.7% [SAD] and 13.9% [MAD]) and nausea (13.9%, both studies). AE frequency increased at AG-348 doses ≥ 700 mg (SAD) and at 700 mg every 12 hours (MAD); 1 grade ≥ 3 AE occurred in the latter cohort. Pharmacokinetics were favorable with low variability. Dose-dependent changes in blood glycolytic intermediates consistent with glycolytic pathway activation were observed at all MAD doses, supporting future trials investigating the potential of AG-348 for treating PK deficiency or other anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Yue Chen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce A Silver
- Bruce A Silver Clinical Science and Development, Dunkirk, MD, USA
| | - Sam Agresta
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Abstract
While planning for a successful clinical trial in a prevalent condition is no trivial orchestration, even more complicated is the coordination of novel, delicate and critical operational components necessary for the successful conduct of clinical trials of rare disease (RD). We highlight some of the inherent and practical challenges to conducting clinical trials and selecting or developing endpoints for RD and the importance of including the patient voice or perspective. These challenges include the lack of regulatory precedent for proposed endpoints, a void of available measures, little or no published literature or natural history information, the practicalities of obtaining access to patients, and the appropriateness of placebo-controlled trials. As part of our review, we include practical considerations for addressing these issues along with a regulatory perspective regarding potential logistic and methodologic challenges. We conclude that the patient perspective is a critical component in defining treatment benefit and in interpreting the meaningfulness of a change (or lack thereof). Engaging with patients is needed at multiple steps along the long road of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan C Goldsmith
- 2 Rare Diseases Program, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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6
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Jones SA, Breen C, Heap F, Rust S, de Ruijter J, Tump E, Marchal JP, Pan L, Qiu Y, Chung JK, Nair N, Haslett PAJ, Barbier AJ, Wijburg FA. A phase 1/2 study of intrathecal heparan-N-sulfatase in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 118:198-205. [PMID: 27211612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was an open-label, phase 1/2 dose-escalation, safety trial of intrathecal recombinant human heparan-N-sulfatase (rhHNS) administered via intrathecal drug delivery device (IDDD) for treating mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (NCT01155778). STUDY DESIGN Twelve patients received 10, 45, or 90mg of rhHNS via IDDD once monthly for a total of 6 doses. Primary endpoints included adverse events (AEs) and anti-rhHNS antibodies. Secondary endpoints included standardized neurocognitive assessments, cortical gray matter volume, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses. RESULTS All patients experienced treatment-emergent AEs; most of mild-to-moderate severity. Seven patients reported a total of 10 serious AEs (SAEs), all but one due to hospitalization to revise a nonfunctioning IDDD. No SAEs were considered related to rhHNS. Anti-rhHNS antibodies were detected in the serum of 6 patients and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 2 of these. CSF heparan sulfate levels were elevated at baseline and there were sustained declines in all tested patients following the first rhHNS dose. No impact of anti-rhHNS antibodies on any pharmacodynamic or safety parameters was evident. 4 of 12 patients showed a decline in developmental quotient, 6 were stable, and 2 patients had only a single data point. No dose group showed a clearly different response pattern. CONCLUSIONS rhHNS administration via IDDD appeared generally safe and well tolerated. Treatment resulted in consistent declines in CSF heparan sulfate, suggesting in vivo activity in the relevant anatomical compartment. Results of this small study should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are required to assess the potential clinical benefits of rhHNS and to test improved IDDD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Jones
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Breen
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Heap
- Willink Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT), University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart Rust
- Paediatric Psychosocial Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica de Ruijter
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Tump
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pieter Marchal
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frits A Wijburg
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Shapiro E, Bernstein J, Adams HR, Barbier AJ, Buracchio T, Como P, Delaney KA, Eichler F, Goldsmith JC, Hogan M, Kovacs S, Mink JW, Odenkirchen J, Parisi MA, Skrinar A, Waisbren SE, Mulberg AE. Neurocognitive clinical outcome assessments for inborn errors of metabolism and other rare conditions. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 118:65-9. [PMID: 27132782 PMCID: PMC4895194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined and reliable clinical outcome assessments are essential for determining whether a drug provides clinically meaningful treatment benefit for patients. In 2015, FDA convened a workshop, "Assessing Neurocognitive Outcomes in Inborn Errors of Metabolism." Topics covered included special challenges of clinical studies of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) and other rare diseases; complexities of identifying treatment effects in the context of the dynamic processes of child development and disease progression; and the importance of natural history studies. Clinicians, parents/caregivers, and participants from industry, academia, and government discussed factors to consider when developing measures to assess treatment outcomes, as well as tools and methods that may contribute to standardizing measures. Many issues examined are relevant to the broader field of rare diseases in addition to specifics of IEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Shapiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Shapiro & Delaney, LLC, Mendota Heights, MN, USA.
| | - Jessica Bernstein
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Heather R Adams
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | | | - Teresa Buracchio
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Peter Como
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Kathleen A Delaney
- Shapiro & Delaney, LLC, Mendota Heights, MN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Florian Eichler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan C Goldsmith
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Melissa Hogan
- Saving Case & Friends, Inc., Thompson's Station, TN, USA.
| | - Sarrit Kovacs
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Mink
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Joanne Odenkirchen
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Melissa A Parisi
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Alison Skrinar
- Clinical Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Susan E Waisbren
- Metabolism Program, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrew E Mulberg
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Hendriksz CJ, Muenzer J, Burton BK, Pan L, Wang N, Naimy H, Pano A, Barbier AJ. A Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection Study in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Hunter Syndrome. Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409815595821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J. Hendriksz
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit NW2, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Muenzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Barbara K. Burton
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pano A, Barbier AJ, Bielefeld B, Whiteman DAH, Amato DA. Immunogenicity of idursulfase and clinical outcomes in very young patients (16 months to 7.5 years) with mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:50. [PMID: 25902842 PMCID: PMC4416269 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twenty-eight treatment-naïve mucopolysaccharidosis II patients (16 months–7.5 years) received 0.5 mg/kg idursulfase weekly for one year in NCT00607386. Serum anti-idursulfase immunoglobulin G antibodies (Abs) were seen in 68% of patients. Methods This post hoc analysis examined the relationship between Ab status, genotype, adverse events (AEs), and efficacy. Event rate analyses, time-varying proportional hazards (Cox) modeling, and landmark analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between Ab status and safety. We calculated the cumulative probability of AEs by genotype to evaluate the relationship between genotype and safety. Urinary glycosaminoglycan (uGAG) concentration, index of liver size, and spleen volume were compared by Ab status and genotype. Safety results The overall infusion-related AE (IRAE) rate was higher in Ab+ patients than in Ab− ones. However, the rate was highest before Abs developed, then decreased over time, suggesting that Abs did not confer the risk. A landmark analysis of patients who were IRAE-naïve at the landmark point found that Ab+ patients were no more likely to experience post-landmark IRAEs than were Ab− patients. In the genotype analysis, all patients in the complete deletion/large rearrangement (CD/LR) and frame shift/splice site mutation (FS/SSM) groups seroconverted, compared with only one-third of patients in the missense mutation (MS) group (p < 0.001). The cumulative probability of having ≥1 IRAE was 87.5% in the CD/LR group and 46.2% in the MS group, with a shorter time to first IRAE in the CD/LR group (p = 0.004). Efficacy results Ab+ patients had a reduced response to idursulfase for liver size and uGAG concentration, but not for spleen size. However, when percent change from baseline in liver size and in uGAG level at Week 53 were adjusted for genotype, the difference was significant only for neutralizing Ab+ groups. In the genotype analysis, the CD/LR and FS/SSM groups had a reduced response in liver size and uGAG concentration compared with the MS group. Conclusions Safety outcomes and spleen size response on idursulfase treatment appeared to be associated with genotype, not Ab status. Liver size and uGAG response on idursulfase treatment at Week 53 appeared to be associated with both neutralizing Ab status and genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Pano
- Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.
| | | | | | | | - David A Amato
- Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA. .,Current address: Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Letavic MA, Aluisio L, Apodaca R, Bajpai M, Barbier AJ, Bonneville A, Bonaventure P, Carruthers NI, Dugovic C, Fraser IC, Kramer ML, Lord B, Lovenberg TW, Li LY, Ly KS, Mcallister H, Mani NS, Morton KL, Ndifor A, Nepomuceno SD, Pandit CR, Sands SB, Shah CR, Shelton JE, Snook SS, Swanson DM, Xiao W. Novel benzamide-based histamine h3 receptor antagonists: the identification of two candidates for clinical development. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:450-4. [PMID: 25893048 DOI: 10.1021/ml5005156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The preclinical characterization of novel phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanones that are histamine H3 receptor antagonists is described. The compounds described are high affinity histamine H3 antagonists. Optimization of the physical properties of these histamine H3 antagonists led to the discovery of several promising lead compounds, and extensive preclinical profiling aided in the identification of compounds with optimal duration of action for wake promoting activity. This led to the discovery of two development candidates for Phase I and Phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Letavic
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Leah Aluisio
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Richard Apodaca
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Manoj Bajpai
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ann J. Barbier
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anne Bonneville
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Pascal Bonaventure
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Nicholas I. Carruthers
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Christine Dugovic
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ian C. Fraser
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle L. Kramer
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Timothy W. Lovenberg
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lilian Y. Li
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kiev S. Ly
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Heather Mcallister
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Neelakandha S. Mani
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kirsten L. Morton
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Anthony Ndifor
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - S. Diane Nepomuceno
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chennagiri R. Pandit
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Steven B. Sands
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Chandra R. Shah
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Shelton
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sandra S. Snook
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Devin M. Swanson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Wei Xiao
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, a division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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11
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Muenzer J, Hendriksz CJ, Fan Z, Vijayaraghavan S, Perry V, Santra S, Solanki GA, Mascelli MA, Pan L, Wang N, Sciarappa K, Barbier AJ. A phase I/II study of intrathecal idursulfase-IT in children with severe mucopolysaccharidosis II. Genet Med 2015; 18:73-81. [PMID: 25834948 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately two-thirds of patients with the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis II have progressive cognitive impairment. Intravenous (i.v.) enzyme replacement therapy does not affect cognitive impairment because recombinant iduronate-2-sulfatase (idursulfase) does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier at therapeutic concentrations. We examined the safety of idursulfase formulated for intrathecal administration (idursulfase-IT) via intrathecal drug delivery device (IDDD). A secondary endpoint was change in concentration of glycosaminoglycans in cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS Sixteen cognitively impaired males with mucopolysaccharidosis II who were previously treated with weekly i.v. idursulfase 0.5 mg/kg for ≥6 months were enrolled. Patients were randomized to no treatment or 10-mg, 30-mg, or 1-mg idursulfase-IT monthly for 6 months (four patients per group) while continuing i.v. idursulfase weekly. RESULTS No serious adverse events related to idursulfase-IT were observed. Surgical revision/removal of the IDDD was required in 6 of 12 patients. Twelve total doses were administrated by lumbar puncture. Mean cerebrospinal fluid glycosaminoglycan concentration was reduced by approximately 90% in the 10-mg and 30-mg groups and approximately 80% in the 1-mg group after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data support further development of investigational idursulfase-IT in MPS II patients with the severe phenotype who have progressed only to a mild-to-moderate level of cognitive impairment.Genet Med 18 1, 73-81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Muenzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christian J Hendriksz
- Department of Clinical Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suresh Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Clinical Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victor Perry
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saikat Santra
- Department of Clinical Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Guirish A Solanki
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Nan Wang
- Shire, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Barbier AJ, Bielefeld B, Whiteman DAH, Natarajan M, Pano A, Amato DA. The relationship between anti-idursulfase antibody status and safety and efficacy outcomes in attenuated mucopolysaccharidosis II patients aged 5 years and older treated with intravenous idursulfase. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:303-10. [PMID: 23988379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the pivotal phase II/III trial of idursulfase administered intravenously to treat mucopolysaccharidosis II, approximately half of the patients developed antibodies to idursulfase. This post-hoc analysis of data from the phase II/III trial and extension study examined the relationship between antibody status and outcomes. A total of 63 treatment-naïve patients received 0.5 mg/kg of intravenous idursulfase weekly for two years. Thirty-two patients (51%) were positive for anti-idursulfase IgG antibodies, 23 of whom (37%) became persistently positive. All patients who developed an antibody response did so by their scheduled Week 27 study visit. Positive antibody status appeared to have no statistically significant effect upon changes in six-minute walk test distance, percent predicted forced vital capacity, or liver and spleen volume. All patients showed significant decreases in urinary GAG levels, although the antibody positive group maintained somewhat higher urinary GAG levels than their antibody-negative counterparts at the end of study (138.7 vs. 94.7 μg/mg creatinine, p = 0.001). Antibody positivity was not associated with a higher event rate for serious adverse events. Among patients who had no prior infusion-related reactions, antibody positive patients were 2.3 times more likely to have a first infusion-related reaction than those who would remain negative (p = 0.017); the risk increased to 2.5 times more likely for those who were persistently positive (p = 0.009). These differences in risk disappeared among patients with a previous infusion-related reaction, likely because of preventive measures. A genotype analysis for the 36 patients with available data found that patients with nonsense or frameshift mutations may be more likely to develop antibodies, to experience infusion-related reactions, and to have a reduced uGAG response than those with missense mutations, suggesting the possibility that antibodies are not a driver of clinical outcomes but rather a marker for genotype.
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13
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Bembenek SD, Keith JM, Letavic MA, Apodaca R, Barbier AJ, Dvorak L, Aluisio L, Miller KL, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Lead identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors–histamine H3 receptor antagonists from molecular modeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:2968-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Ly KS, Letavic MA, Keith JM, Miller JM, Stocking EM, Barbier AJ, Bonaventure P, Lord B, Jiang X, Boggs JD, Dvorak L, Miller KL, Nepomuceno D, Wilson SJ, Carruthers NI. Synthesis and biological activity of piperazine and diazepane amides that are histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Barbier AJ, Aluisio L, Lord B, Qu Y, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Bonaventure P, Miller K, Fraser I, Dvorak L, Pudiak C, Dugovic C, Shelton J, Mazur C, Letavic MA, Carruthers NI, Lovenberg TW. Pharmacological characterization of JNJ-28583867, a histamine H3 receptor antagonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 576:43-54. [PMID: 17765221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wake-promoting agents such as modafinil are used in the clinic as adjuncts to antidepressant therapy in order to alleviate lethargy. The wake-promoting action of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists has been evidenced in numerous animal studies. They may therefore be a viable strategy for use as an antidepressant therapy in conjunction with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. JNJ-28583867 (2-Methyl-4-(4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl)-7-(3-morpholin-4-yl-propoxy)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline) is a selective and potent histamine H(3) receptor antagonist (K(i)=10.6 nM) and inhibitor of the serotonin transporter (SERT) (K(i)=3.7 nM), with 30-fold selectivity for SERT over the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. After subcutaneous administration, JNJ-28583867 occupied both the histamine H(3) receptor and the SERT in rat brain at low doses (<1 mg/kg). JNJ-28583867 blocked imetit-induced drinking (3-10 mg/kg i.p.), confirming in vivo functional activity at the histamine H(3) receptor and also significantly increased cortical extracellular levels of serotonin at doses of 0.3 mg/kg (s.c.) and higher. Smaller increases in cortical extracellular levels of norepinephrine and dopamine were also observed. JNJ-28583867 (3-30 mg/kg p.o.) showed antidepressant-like activity in the mouse tail suspension test. JNJ-28583867 (1-3 mg/kg s.c.) caused a dose-dependent increase in the time spent awake mirrored by a decrease in NREM. Concomitantly, JNJ-28583867 produced a potent suppression of REM sleep from the dose of 1 mg/kg onwards. JNJ-28583867 has good oral bioavailability in the rat (32%), a half-life of 6.9 h and a C(max) of 260 ng/ml after 10 mg/kg p.o. In summary, JNJ-28583867 is a combined histamine H(3) receptor antagonist-SERT inhibitor with in vivo efficacy in biochemical and behavioral models of depression and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Barbier
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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16
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Letavic MA, Stocking EM, Barbier AJ, Bonaventure P, Boggs JD, Lord B, Miller KL, Wilson SJ, Carruthers NI. Benzylamine histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4799-803. [PMID: 17616397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and in vitro activity of a series of novel 5-ethynyl-2-aryloxybenzylamine-based histamine H(3) ligands that are also serotonin reuptake transporters is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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17
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Keith JM, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Miller K, Boggs JD, Fraser IC, Mazur C, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Dual serotonin transporter inhibitor/histamine H3 antagonists: development of rigidified H3 pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5325-9. [PMID: 17765543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrahydroisoquinolines acting as dual serotonin transporter inhibitor/histamine H(3) antagonists is described. The introduction of polar aromatic spacers as part of the histamine H(3) pharmacophore was explored. A convergent synthesis of the final products allowing late stage introduction of the aromatic side chain was developed. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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18
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Chang L, Luo L, Palmer JA, Sutton S, Wilson SJ, Barbier AJ, Breitenbucher JG, Chaplan SR, Webb M. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase produces analgesia by multiple mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 148:102-13. [PMID: 16501580 PMCID: PMC1617043 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 The reversible fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor OL135 reverses mechanical allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and mild thermal injury (MTI) models in the rat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the cannabinoid and opioid systems in mediating this analgesic effect. 2 Elevated brain concentrations of anandamide (350 pmol g(-1) of tissue vs 60 pmol g(-1) in vehicle-treated controls) were found in brains of rats given OL135 (20 mg kg(-1)) i.p. 15 min prior to 20 mg kg(-1) i.p. anandamide. 3 Predosing rats with OL135 (2-60 mg kg(-1) i.p.) 30 min before administration of an irreversible FAAH inhibitor (URB597: 0.3 mg kg(-1) intracardiac) was found to protect brain FAAH from irreversible inactivation. The level of enzyme protection was correlated with the OL135 concentrations in the same brains. 4 OL135 (100 mg kg(-1) i.p.) reduced by 50% of the maximum possible efficacy (MPE) mechanical allodynia induced by MTI in FAAH(+/+)mice (von Frey filament measurement) 30 min after dosing, but was without effect in FAAH(-/-) mice. 5 OL135 given i.p. resulted in a dose-responsive reversal of mechanical allodynia in both MTI and SNL models in the rat with an ED(50) between 6 and 9 mg kg(-1). The plasma concentration at the ED(50) in both models was 0.7 microM (240 ng ml(-1)). 6 In the rat SNL model, coadministration of the selective CB(2) receptor antagonist SR144528 (5 mg kg(-1) i.p.), with 20 mg kg(-1) OL135 blocked the OL135-induced reversal of mechanical allodynia, but the selective CB(1) antagonist SR141716A (5 mg kg(-1) i.p.) was without effect. 7 In the rat MTI model neither SR141716A or SR144528 (both at 5 mg kg(-1) i.p.), or a combination of both antagonists coadministered with OL135 (20 mg kg(-1)) blocked reversal of mechanical allodynia assessed 30 min after dosing. 8 In both the MTI model and SNL models in rats, naloxone (1 mg kg(-1), i.p. 30 min after OL135) reversed the analgesia (to 15% of control levels in the MTI model, to zero in the SNL) produced by OL135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Chang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - Lin Luo
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - James A Palmer
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - Steven Sutton
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - Sandy J Wilson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - Ann J Barbier
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - James Guy Breitenbucher
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - Sandra R Chaplan
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
| | - Michael Webb
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, U.S.A
- Author for correspondence:
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19
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Stocking EM, Miller JM, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, McAllister HM, Wu J, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI, Wolin RL. Synthesis and biological evaluation of diamine-based histamine H3 antagonists with serotonin reuptake inhibitor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3130-5. [PMID: 17412583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel phenoxyphenyl diamine derivatives with affinity for both the histamine H(3) receptor and the serotonin transporter is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Stocking
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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20
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Keith JM, Gomez LA, Wolin RL, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Mazur C, Fraser IC, Lord B, Aluisio L, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines as potent dual H3 antagonist and serotonin transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2603-7. [PMID: 17317177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel and potent pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines with dual histamine H(3) antagonist/serotonin transporter inhibitor activity is described. A highly regio- and diastereoselective synthesis of the pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinoline core involving acid mediated ring-closure of an acetophenone intermediate followed by reduction with NaCNBH(3) was developed. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA.
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21
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Letavic MA, Keith JM, Ly KS, Barbier AJ, Boggs JD, Wilson SJ, Lord B, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Novel naphthyridines are histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2566-9. [PMID: 17307358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tetrahydronaphthyridine-based histamine H(3) ligands that have serotonin reuptake transporter inhibitor activity is described. The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,6-naphthyridine scaffold is assembled via the addition of a nitrostyrene to a metalated pyridine followed by reduction and cyclization to form the naphthyridine. In vitro biological data for these novel compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121-1126, USA.
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22
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Keith JM, Gomez LA, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Lord B, Mazur C, Aluisio L, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines bearing pendant heterocycles as potent dual H3 antagonist and serotonin transporter inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4374-7. [PMID: 17583504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel and potent 6-heteroaryl-pyrrolidino-tetrahydroisoquinolines with dual histamine H(3) antagonist/serotonin transporter inhibitor activity is described. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, La Jolla, CA 92121, USA.
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23
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Abstract
The role of histaminergic neurotransmission in the promotion of waking has been extensively studied in preclinical species. Appreciation for the role of histamine continues to expand with increasing understanding of the interaction of histamine within the broad network of neuromodulators that regulate sleep and wake. The effects of histamine on waking are transduced through the H(1) and the H(3) receptors in the central nervous system. Brain penetrant over-the-counter antihistamines comprised of antagonist actions at H(1) receptors as well as varying degrees of antimuscarinic properties are marketed as sleep aids, based on their well-known daytime drowsiness side effects. The data supporting their use as sedatives, however, are not consistent. H(3) receptors are presynaptic receptors that limit histamine release as well as that of monoamine neurotransmitters thought to participate in the maintenance of waking. In this review, we discuss the existing studies on various antihistamines and antagonists of the H(1) receptor in the regulation of sleep in preclinical studies, normal subjects and in subjects with sleep disorders. In addition, we review the current data available on the use of ligands at H(3) receptors for the modulation of sleep and wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurocrine Biosciences, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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24
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Keith JM, Gomez LA, Letavic MA, Ly KS, Jablonowski JA, Seierstad M, Barbier AJ, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Fraser IC, Mazur C, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Dual serotonin transporter/histamine H3 ligands: Optimization of the H3 pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:702-6. [PMID: 17107798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetrahydroisoquinolines acting as dual histamine H3/serotonin transporter ligands is described. A highly regio-selective synthesis of the tetrahydroisoquinoline core involving acid mediated ring-closure of an acetophenone intermediate followed by reduction with NaCNBH3 was developed. In vitro and in vivo data are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Keith
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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25
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Letavic MA, Keith JM, Jablonowski JA, Stocking EM, Gomez LA, Ly KS, Miller JM, Barbier AJ, Bonaventure P, Boggs JD, Wilson SJ, Miller KL, Lord B, McAllister HM, Tognarelli DJ, Wu J, Abad MC, Schubert C, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Novel tetrahydroisoquinolines are histamine H3 antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1047-51. [PMID: 17127059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-based histamine H(3) ligands that also have serotonin reuptake transporter inhibitor activity is described. The synthesis, in vitro biological data, and select pharmacokinetic data for these novel compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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26
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Airaksinen AJ, Jablonowski JA, van der Mey M, Barbier AJ, Klok RP, Verbeek J, Schuit R, Herscheid JDM, Leysen JE, Carruthers NI, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD. Radiosynthesis and biodistribution of a histamine H3 receptor antagonist 4-[3-(4-piperidin-1-yl-but-1-ynyl)-[11C]benzyl]-morpholine: evaluation of a potential PET ligand. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:801-10. [PMID: 16934699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The potent histamine H(3) receptor antagonist JNJ-10181457 (1) was successfully labeled with (11)C in a novel one-pot reaction sequence, with high chemical yield (decay-corrected yield, 28+/-8%) and high specific radioactivity (56+/-26 GBq/mumol). The binding of [(11)C]1 to H(3) receptors was studied in vitro in rat brain and in vivo in rats and mice. The in vitro binding of [(11)C]1 in rat coronal brain slices showed high binding in the striatum, and this binding was blocked by histamine and by two known H(3) antagonists, JNJ-5207852 (2) and unlabeled Compound (1), in a concentration-dependent manner. The biodistribution of [(11)C]1 in rats was measured at 5, 10, 30 and 60 min. The uptake of [(11)C]1 in regions rich in H(3) receptors was highest at 30 min, giving 0.98%, 1.41%, 1.28% and 1.72% dose/g for the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex, respectively. However, the binding of [(11)C]1 in the rat brain could not be blocked by pretreatment with either Compound (2) (30 min or 24 h pretreatment) or cold Compound (1) (30-min pretreatment). The biodistribution of [(11)C]1 in a second species (Balb/c mice) showed a higher overall uptake of the radioligand with an average brain uptake of 8.9% dose/g. In C57BL/6-H(3)(-/-) knockout mice, a higher brain uptake was also observed. Analyses of metabolites and plasma protein binding were also undertaken. It appeared that [(11)C]1 could not specifically label H(3) receptors in rodent brain in vivo. Possible causes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, Location Radionuclide Center, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Letavic
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Swanson DM, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Xiao W, Apodaca R, Barbier AJ, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. Aplysamine-1 and related analogs as histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:897-900. [PMID: 16300945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aplysamine-1 (1), a marine natural product, was synthesized and screened for in vitro activity at the human and rat histamine H3 receptors. Aplysamine-1 (1) was found to possess a high binding affinity for the human H3 receptor (Ki = 30+/-4 nM). Synthetic analogs of 1, including des-bromoaplysamine-1 (10) and dimethyl-{2-[4-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine (13), were potent H3 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Swanson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Dvorak CA, Apodaca R, Barbier AJ, Berridge CW, Wilson SJ, Boggs JD, Xiao W, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. 4-Phenoxypiperidines: Potent, Conformationally Restricted, Non-Imidazole Histamine H3Antagonists. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2229-38. [PMID: 15771465 DOI: 10.1021/jm049212n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of 4-(1-alkyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzonitriles and 4-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzylamines have been prepared. In vitro activity was determined at the recombinant human H(3) receptor and several members of these new series were found to be potent H(3) antagonists. The present compounds contain a 4-phenoxypiperidine core, which behaves as a conformationally restricted version of the 3-amino-1-propanol moiety common to the many previously described non-imidazole histamine H(3) ligands. One selected member of the new series, 4-[4-(1-isopropyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-benzyl]-morpholine (13g), was found to be a potent, highly selective H(3) receptor antagonist with in vivo efficacy in a rat EEG model of wakefulness at doses as low as 1 mg/kg sc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt A Dvorak
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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30
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Boldrup L, Wilson SJ, Barbier AJ, Fowler CJ. A simple stopped assay for fatty acid amide hydrolase avoiding the use of a chloroform extraction phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:171-7. [PMID: 15262451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2004.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Revised: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A stopped assay for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has been developed, whereby the enzyme reaction product ([(3)H]ethanolamine) was separated from substrate (anandamide [ethanolamine-1-(3)H]), by differential adsorption to charcoal. The assay gave a better extraction efficiency when acidic rather than alkaline charcoal solutions were used to stop the reaction, and a very good ratio of sample/blank was also seen. The acidic charcoal assay gave the expected sensitivities to compounds known to inhibit FAAH (palmitoyltrifluoromethyl ketone, arvanil, AM404 and indomethacin). It is concluded that the acidic charcoal extraction method provides a robust and simple stopped assay for FAAH without the need to use potentially hazardous solvents like chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Boldrup
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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31
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Barbier AJ, Berridge C, Dugovic C, Laposky AD, Wilson SJ, Boggs J, Aluisio L, Lord B, Mazur C, Pudiak CM, Langlois X, Xiao W, Apodaca R, Carruthers NI, Lovenberg TW. Acute wake-promoting actions of JNJ-5207852, a novel, diamine-based H3 antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:649-61. [PMID: 15466448 PMCID: PMC1575430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1 1-[4-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-benzyl]-piperidine (JNJ-5207852) is a novel, non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist, with high affinity at the rat (pKi=8.9) and human (pKi=9.24) H3 receptor. JNJ-5207852 is selective for the H3 receptor, with negligible binding to other receptors, transporters and ion channels at 1 microm. 2 JNJ-5207852 readily penetrates the brain tissue after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, as determined by ex vivo autoradiography (ED50 of 0.13 mg kg(-1) in mice). In vitro autoradiography with 3H-JNJ-5207852 in mouse brain slices shows a binding pattern identical to that of 3H-R-alpha-methylhistamine, with high specific binding in the cortex, striatum and hypothalamus. No specific binding of 3H-JNJ-5207852 was observed in brains of H3 receptor knockout mice. 3 In mice and rats, JNJ-5207852 (1-10 mg kg(-1) s.c.) increases time spent awake and decreases REM sleep and slow-wave sleep, but fails to have an effect on wakefulness or sleep in H3 receptor knockout mice. No rebound hypersomnolence, as measured by slow-wave delta power, is observed. The wake-promoting effects of this H3 receptor antagonist are not associated with hypermotility. 4 A 4-week daily treatment of mice with JNJ-5207852 (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not lead to a change in body weight, possibly due to the compound being a neutral antagonist at the H3 receptor. 5 JNJ-5207852 is extensively absorbed after oral administration and reaches high brain levels. 6 The data indicate that JNJ-5207852 is a novel, potent and selective H3 antagonist with good in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and confirm the wake-promoting effects of H3 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, WI, U.S.A
| | - C Dugovic
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
| | - A D Laposky
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
| | - S J Wilson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - J Boggs
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - L Aluisio
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - B Lord
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C Mazur
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C M Pudiak
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - X Langlois
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W Xiao
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - R Apodaca
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - N I Carruthers
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - T W Lovenberg
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
- Author for correspondence:
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Apodaca R, Dvorak CA, Xiao W, Barbier AJ, Boggs JD, Wilson SJ, Lovenberg TW, Carruthers NI. A new class of diamine-based human histamine H3 receptor antagonists: 4-(aminoalkoxy)benzylamines. J Med Chem 2003; 46:3938-44. [PMID: 12930154 DOI: 10.1021/jm030185v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
4-(Aminoalkoxy)benzylamines were prepared and screened for in vitro activity at the human histamine H(3) receptor. Some members of this series exhibited subnanomolar binding affinities. Analogues in which one nitrogen atom was replaced with a methine group showed greatly reduced binding affinities. Six members of this series were found to be antagonists in a cell-based model of human histamine H(3) receptor activation. One member of this series, 1-[4-(3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)benzyl]piperidine (7b), was found to be a selective and potent human H(3) receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Apodaca
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (EC 3.5.1.4.) is the enzyme responsible for the rapid degradation of lipid-derived chemical messengers such as anandamide, oleamide, and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. The pharmacological characterization of this enzyme in vivo has been hampered by the lack of selective and bioavailable inhibitors. We have developed a simple, radioactive, high-throughput-compatible assay for this enzyme based on the differential absorption of the substrate and its products to activated charcoal. The assay was validated using known inhibitors. It may be applied for the identification of new inhibitors from a compound library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy J Wilson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC Neuroscience, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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34
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Toyota H, Dugovic C, Koehl M, Laposky AD, Weber C, Ngo K, Wu Y, Lee DH, Yanai K, Sakurai E, Watanabe T, Liu C, Chen J, Barbier AJ, Turek FW, Fung-Leung WP, Lovenberg TW. Behavioral characterization of mice lacking histamine H(3) receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2002; 62:389-97. [PMID: 12130692 DOI: 10.1124/mol.62.2.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain histamine H(3) receptors are predominantly presynaptic and serve an important autoregulatory function for the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters. They have been implicated in a variety of brain functions, including arousal, locomotor activity, thermoregulation, food intake, and memory. The recent cloning of the H(3) receptor in our laboratory has made it possible to create a transgenic line of mice devoid of H(3) receptors. This paper provides the first description of the H(3) receptor-deficient mouse (H(3)(-/-)), including molecular and pharmacologic verification of the receptor deletion as well as phenotypic screens. The H(3)(-/-) mice showed a decrease in overall locomotion, wheel-running behavior, and body temperature during the dark phase but maintained normal circadian rhythmicity. H(3)(-/-) mice were insensitive to the wake-promoting effects of the H(3) receptor antagonist thioperamide. We also observed a slightly decreased stereotypic response to the dopamine releaser, methamphetamine, and an insensitivity to the amnesic effects of the cholinergic receptor antagonist, scopolamine. These data indicate that the H(3) receptor-deficient mouse represents a valuable model for studying histaminergic regulation of a variety of behaviors and neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine and acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Toyota
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun B Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Biology Center, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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36
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Barbier AJ, Baron BM. Biotechnol Lett 2001; 23:1559-1563. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1011965209834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Barbier AJ, Poppleton HM, Yigzaw Y, Mullenix JB, Wiepz GJ, Bertics PJ, Patel TB. Transmodulation of epidermal growth factor receptor function by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:14067-73. [PMID: 10318821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.20.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptor (EGFR) augments the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor and autophosphorylation. Exposure of some tissues and cells to EGF also stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity and results in an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Because cAMP activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), we investigated the effect of PKA on the EGFR. The purified catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAc) stoichiometrically phosphorylated the purified full-length wild type (WT) and kinase negative (K721M) forms of the EGFR. PKAc phosphorylated both WT-EGFR as well as a mutant truncated form of EGFR (Delta1022-1186) exclusively on serine residues. Moreover, PKAc also phosphorylated the cytosolic domain of the EGFR (EGFRKD). Phosphorylation of the purified WT as well as EGFRDelta1022-1186 and EGFRKD was accompanied by decreased autophosphorylation and diminished tyrosine kinase activity. Pretreatment of REF-52 cells with the nonhydrolyzable cAMP analog, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP, decreased EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins as well as activation of the WT-EGFR. Similar effects were also observed in B82L cells transfected to express the Delta1022-1186 form of EGFR. Furthermore, activation of PKAc in intact cells resulted in serine phosphorylation of the EGFR. The decreased phosphorylation of cellular proteins and diminished activation of the EGFR in cells treated with the cAMP analog was not the result of altered binding of EGF to its receptors or changes in receptor internalization. Therefore, we conclude that PKA phosphorylates the EGFR on Ser residues and decreases its tyrosine kinase activity and signal transduction both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, The Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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38
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Scholich K, Wittpoth C, Barbier AJ, Mullenix JB, Patel TB. Identification of an intramolecular interaction between small regions in type V adenylyl cyclase that influences stimulation of enzyme activity by Gsalpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:9602-7. [PMID: 9275169 PMCID: PMC23231 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.18.9602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the full-length and two engineered soluble forms (C1-C2 and Cla-C2) of type V adenylyl cyclase (ACV), we have investigated the role of an intramolecular interaction in ACV that modulates the ability of the alpha subunit of the stimulatory GTP-binding protein of AC (Gsalpha) to stimulate enzyme activity. Concentration-response curves with Gsalpha suggested the presence of high and low affinity sites on ACV, which interact with the G protein. Activation of enzyme by Gsalpha interaction at these two sites was most apparent in the C1a-C2 form of ACV, which lacks the C1b region (K572-F683). Yeast two-hybrid data demonstrated that the C1b region interacted with the C2 region and its 64-aa subdomain, C2I. Using peptides corresponding to the C2I region of ACV, we investigated the role of the C1b/C2I interaction on Gsalpha-mediated stimulation of C1-C2 and full-length ACV. Our data demonstrate that a 10-aa peptide corresponding to L1042-T1051 alters the profile of the activation curves of full-length and C1-C2 forms of ACV by different Gsalpha concentrations to mimic the activation profile observed with C1a-C2 ACV. The various peptides used in our studies did not alter forskolin-mediated stimulation of full-length and C1-C2 forms of ACV. We conclude that the C1b region of ACV interacts with the 10-aa region (L1042-T1051) in the C2 domain of the enzyme to modulate Gsalpha-elicited stimulation of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Scholich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, 874 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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39
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Abstract
Type V adenylyl cyclase (ACV) belongs to the family of Ca2+-inhibited cyclases. We have generated two soluble forms of the enzyme containing the C1 or C1a region (which lacks the C-terminal 112 amino acids) linked to the C2 domain and compared their regulation with the full-length ACV. All three forms of ACV were stimulated by the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein Gs (G(s alpha)) and forskolin. However, the synergistic stimulation by both these activators was markedly enhanced in the soluble enzymes. Moreover, the alpha subunit of the inhibitory G protein Gi (G(i alpha)) inhibited all forms of the enzyme, indicating that the regions for G(s alpha) and G(i alpha) interaction are preserved in the soluble forms. Ca2+ inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity of the full-length and C1-C2 forms of ACV but did not alter the activity of the C1a-C2 form. Maximal stimulation of AC activity by combination of G(s alpha) and forskolin obliterated the Ca2+-mediated inhibition of the full-length and C1-C2 forms of ACV. In 45Ca2+ overlay experiments, the C1-C2 but not the C1a-C2 soluble ACV bound Ca2+. Moreover, proteins corresponding to the C1a and C2 domains did not bind calcium. On the other hand, the proteins corresponding to C1 and its C-terminal 112 amino acids (C1b) bound 45Ca2+. To our knowledge, this is the first report of nonchimeric soluble forms of AC in which regulation by G(s alpha) and G(i alpha) is preserved. Moreover, we demonstrate that the 112 amino acid C1b region of ACV is responsible for the binding of Ca2+ and inhibition of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Scholich
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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Abstract
The breakdown of the relaxation-inducing second messengers cAMP and cGMP is mediated by phosphodiesterases. Inhibitors of functionally present phosphodiesterases can be expected to induce relaxation by increasing the basic amount of cAMP and/or cGMP. In the cat gastric fundus, vinpocetine, which has some selectivity for phosphodiesterase type I, only induced contractions, but the inhibitors of type III [5-(4-acetimidophenyl)pyrazin-(1H)-one; SKF 94120], type IV (rolipram) and type V (zaprinast) phosphodiesterase all caused concentration-dependent relaxation, as did the non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). The most potent relaxant agent was rolipram (EC50 9 +/- 5 x 10(-7) M and 3 +/- 1 x 10(-7) M in longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips, respectively). These results suggest that type III, IV and V phosphodiesterases are functionally present in the cat gastric fundus and are involved in the regulation of tone. The possible influence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors on non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxation induced by nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and train and sustained electrical field stimulation was then tested. Rolipram (3 x 10(-8) M), SKF 94120 (10(-5) M) and IBMX (10(-6) M) did not potentiate any of the relaxant stimuli studied. Zaprinast (10(-5) M), the cGMP specific type V phosphodiesterase inhibitor, caused a significant increase of the relaxation induced by exogenous NO and by train electrical field stimulation. These stimuli are thought to induce relaxation via an increase of intracellular cGMP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent Medical School, Belgium
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41
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Abstract
1. The relaxant responses of S-nitroso-L-cysteine (CysNO), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP), S-nitroso-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (SNAC) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in the rat gastric fundus (forestomach) were studied and compared to the relaxant responses obtained in response to nitric oxide (NO) and electrical field stimulation (EFS, 10 s strains) of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves. 2. CysNO (10(-7)-3 x 10(-4) M) caused transient relaxation of the precontracted rat gastric fundus, comparable to the response to NO (10(-6)-10(-4) M) and EFS. SNAP, SNAC and GSNO elicited more sustained relaxations. 3. The cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, zaprinast (3 x 10(-5) M) increased the relaxant effect of CysNO, SNAP and GSNO while the NO-synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG, 3 x 10(-4) M) had no influence. 4. In the presence of LY 83583 (10(-5) M), which releases superoxide anions, the relaxant response to NO and CysNO was decreased, whereas that to all other stimuli was unaltered. The inhibitory effect of LY 83583 on CsNO-induced relaxations was prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1000 u ml-1). 5. Tissues incubated for 1 h with 5.5 x 10(-4) M nitroglycerin (GTN) became tolerant to GTN. In this condition, the relaxant response to 10(-5) M NO was maintained, while the relaxations by EFS (8 Hz) and 3 x 10(-5) M SNAP were significantly decreased. The reduction of the response to the other S-nitrosothiols was not significant. 6. The combination of nitrate tolerance and 10-5 M LY 83583 caused a significantly larger inhibition of the relaxant response to EFS (8 Hz) than nitrate tolerance alone. The combination of LY 83583 and GTN tolerance reduced the relaxant effect of 10-5 M NO to a similar extent to LY 83583 alone, while the relaxant response to 10-4 M GTN was reduced to the same extent as after 1 h exposure to 5.5 x 10-4 M GTN alone.7. It is concluded that S-nitrosothiols potently relax the rat gastric fundus, possibly by a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism and S-nitrosothiols such as SNAC and GSNO may be involved in NANC neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent Medical School, Belgium
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42
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Barbier AJ, Lefebvre RA. Involvement of the L-arginine: nitric oxide pathway in nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation of the cat gastric fundus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 266:172-8. [PMID: 8331556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a neurotransmitter of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerves in the cat gastric fundus. A possible additional role for nitric oxide (NO) was investigated in circular and longitudinal muscle strips from this tissue. Incubation with the inhibitor of NO-synthesis, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 3 x 10(-4) M), inhibited the relaxant response to both short- and long-lasting electrical field stimulation. The substrate for NO synthesis, L-arginine (2 x 10(-3) M), prevented this inhibition. In experiments with long-lasting electrical field stimulation, trypsin (3 x 10(-6) M) and L-NAME inhibited the beginning of the NANC relaxation to the same extent, but the inhibition by trypsin was more pronounced at the end of the stimulation period. The inhibitory effect of L-NAME and trypsin was additive. L-NAME did not influence the relaxations induced by VIP (10(-7) M), NO (10(-5) M) and isoprenaline (3 x 10(-6) M). NG-nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-4) M) also did not change the response to VIP. The relaxation induced by 10(-5) M NO was not transient but was sustained. The plateau phase of this relaxation was reduced by trypsin but not by 3 x 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin. It is concluded that NO is involved in NANC relaxation of the cat gastric fundus. During sustained NANC relaxation in the cat gastric fundus, cotransmission of NO and VIP is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent Medical School, Belgium
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Barbier AJ, Lefebvre RA. Effect of LY 83583 on relaxation induced by non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerve stimulation and exogenous nitric oxide in the rat gastric fundus. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 219:331-4. [PMID: 1425959 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90315-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the rat gastric fundus, the reported cGMP-lowering agent LY 83583 (10(-5) M) inhibited the relaxation induced by nitric oxide (NO), without altering the response to isoprenaline, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, sodium nitroprusside or electrical field stimulation of inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurones, which are thought to release NO. Incubation with superoxide dismutase partially prevented the effect of LY 83583. When added during a relaxation maintained by continuous NO infusion, LY 83583 reversed the relaxation. It is concluded that LY 83583 inactivates exogenous NO through the generation of superoxide anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent Medical School, Belgium
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Abstract
1. The influence of NG-nitro-L-Arginine (L-NNA) on non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation was investigated in circular muscle strips of the guinea-pig gastric fundus. 2. In the presence of 10(-6) M atropine and 4 x 10(-6) M guanethidine, electrical field stimulation (40 V, 1 ms, 0.125-16 Hz) with 10 s trains at 5 min intervals induced short-lasting, frequency-dependent relaxations. Continuous stimulation, with cumulative increase of the stimulation frequency, induced sustained frequency-dependent relaxations. Both types of response were abolished by 3 x 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin. 3. L-NNA (10(-5) M and 10(-4) M) concentration-dependently reduced both types of NANC response. Pre-incubation with 2 x 10(-3) M L-arginine prevented the inhibitory action of 10(-5) M L-NNA and partially antagonized that of 10(-4) M L-NNA. D-arginine (2 x 10(-3) M) did not protect against the inhibitory effect of L-NNA. 4. L-NNA did not consistently influence the basal tone of the tissues. L-Arginine and D-arginine likewise did not influence basal tone; they also had no influence on the electrically-induced NANC relaxations. 5. NO (10(-6)-10(-4) M) induced short-lasting concentration-dependent relaxations, while vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, (10(-9)-10(-7) M) induced more sustained relaxations, that developed at a slower rate. The NO- and VIP-induced relaxations were not influenced by 10(-4) M L-NNA.6. These results suggest that NO is involved in NANC neurotransmission of the guinea-pig gastric fundus; its contribution to sustained NANC relaxation in the guinea-pig gastric fundus is much more important than in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lefebvre
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent Medical School, Belgium
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Barbier AJ, Lefebvre RA. Effect of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and zaprinast on non-adrenergic non-cholinergic relaxation in the rat gastric fundus. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 210:315-23. [PMID: 1377130 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (NO) have been proposed as inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitters in the rat gastric fundus. The smooth muscle relaxant actions of VIP and NO are medaited by cAMP and cGMP, respectively; therefore the effect of inhibitors of phosphodiesterases responsible for cyclic nucleotide breakdown on relaxation induced by VIP, NO and electrical field stimulation was investigated. The non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, zaprinast, the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, and the cyclic nucleotide analog, 8-bromo cGMP, produced concentration-dependent relaxation of rat gastric fundus strips precontracted by PGF2 alpha. IBMX potentiated isoprenaline-induced relaxation but not relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside, VIP, NO or electrical field stimulation. Zaprinast potentiated the relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside, while having no influence on relaxation due to any other stimulus. The combination of both phosphodiesterase inhibitors did not significantly affect the electrically induced relaxation. It is concluded that both cAMP and cGMP mediate relaxation in the rat gastric fundus. Further research is needed to investigate the role of the cyclic nucleotides during NANC relaxation of this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent Medical School, Belgium
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Abstract
1. GABA induced concentration-dependent transient contractions of the guinea-pig duodenum, but only occasionally evoked small relaxatory responses. The GABA-induced contractions were blocked by atropine and tetrodotoxin but were not influenced by hexamethonium; during electrically evoked twitch contractions, GABA had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect. 2. The concentration-response curve for the contractile effect of GABA was shifted to the right in a dose-dependent manner by bicuculline and picrotoxin, with a clear reduction of the maximal effect in the presence of picrotoxin. 3. Homotaurine and delta-aminovaleric acid but not baclofen mimicked the GABA-induced contractions; the responses induced by these GABAA receptor agonists were antagonized by atropine, tetrodotoxin and bicuculline. Baclofen concentration-dependently inhibited electrically evoked twitch contractions. 4. Ethylenediamine also had a GABA-like effect, and cross-desensitization developed between GABA and ethylenediamine. 5. The ethylenediamine-induced contractions were not antagonized by thiosemicarbazide; they were reduced by 3-mercaptopropionic acid but the GABA-induced contractions were reduced to the same extent. 6. It is concluded that GABA induces contraction of the guinea-pig duodenum by excitation of GABAA receptors on postganglionic cholinergic neurones; a GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory effect can be observed during electrically evoked twitch contractions. Ethylenediamine mimicks the GABAA receptor-mediated effect probably by a direct effect on the GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent Medical School, Belgium
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