51
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Abstract
The photoionization of Lithium (Li+) via its doubly-excited state 2s2p 1P in intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation is studied. A recently developed perturbative statistical description of the atomic dynamics is used to calculate the ionization yield. It is observed that the FEL temporal fluctuations affect the lineshape significantly, strongly dependent on the product of the pulse’s coherence time with its intensity, ∼τcI0, which is a measure of the effect of the field in one correlation time. The weak-field long-pulse asymmetric resonant Fano-profile is broadened to resemble a Voight profile. As the intensity increases, the subsequent ionization of Li2+ takes over and causes further distortion of the lineshape for Li+.
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52
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Oelze T, Kulyk O, Schütte B, Frühling U, Klimešová E, Jagielski B, Dittrich L, Drescher M, Pan R, Stojanovic N, Polovinkin V, Khakurel KP, Muehlig K, Bermudez Macias IJ, Düsterer S, Faatz B, Andreasson J, Wieland M, Krikunova M. THz streak camera performance for single-shot characterization of XUV pulses with complex temporal structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:20686-20703. [PMID: 32680123 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The THz-field-driven streak camera has proven to be a powerful diagnostic-technique that enables the shot-to-shot characterization of the duration and the arrival time jitter of free electron laser (FEL) pulses. Here we investigate the performance of three computational approaches capable to determine the duration of FEL pulses with complex temporal structures from single-shot measurements of up to three simultaneously recorded spectra. We use numerically simulated FEL pulses in order to validate the accuracy of the pulse length retrieval in average as well as in a single-shot mode. We discuss requirements for the THz field strength in order to achieve reliable results and compare our numerical study with the analysis of experimental data that were obtained at the FEL in Hamburg - FLASH.
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53
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Fushitani M, Sasaki Y, Matsuda A, Fujise H, Kawabe Y, Hashigaya K, Owada S, Togashi T, Nakajima K, Yabashi M, Hikosaka Y, Hishikawa A. Multielectron-Ion Coincidence Spectroscopy of Xe in Extreme Ultraviolet Laser Fields: Nonlinear Multiple Ionization via Double Core-Hole States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:193201. [PMID: 32469563 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.193201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast multiphoton ionization of Xe in strong extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser (FEL) fields (91 eV, 30 fs, 1.6×10^{12} W/cm^{2}) has been investigated by multielectron-ion coincidence spectroscopy. The electron spectra recorded in coincidence with Xe^{4+} show characteristic features associated with two-photon absorption to the 4d^{-2} double core-hole (DCH) states and subsequent Auger decay. It is found that the pathway via the DCH states, which has eluded clear identification in previous studies, makes a large contribution to the multiple ionization, despite the long FEL pulse duration compared with the lifetime of the 4d core-hole states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Y Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - A Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - H Fujise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Y Kawabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Hashigaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - S Owada
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - T Togashi
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - K Nakajima
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - M Yabashi
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Y Hikosaka
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - A Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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54
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Zhou G, Jiao Y, Raubenheimer TO, Wang J, Holman AJ, Tsai CY, Wu JY, Wu W, Yang C, Yoon M, Wu J. Coherence time characterization method for hard X-ray free-electron lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:10928-10938. [PMID: 32403614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.28.010928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coherence time is one of the fundamental characteristics of light sources. Methods based on autocorrelation have been widely applied from optical domain to soft X-rays to characterize the radiation coherence time. However, for the hard X-ray regime, due to the lack of proper mirrors, it is extremely difficult to implement such autocorrelation scheme. In this paper, a novel approach for characterizing the coherence time of a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) is proposed and validated numerically. A phase shifter is adopted to control the correlation between X-ray and microbunched electrons. The coherence time of the FEL pulse can be extracted from the cross-correlation. Semi-analytical analysis and three-dimensional time-dependent numerical simulations are presented to elaborate the details. A coherence time of 218.2 attoseconds for 6.92 keV X-ray FEL pulses is obtained in our simulation based on the configuration of Linac Coherent Light Source. This approach provides critical temporal coherence diagnostics for X-ray FELs, and is decoupled from machine parameters, applicable for any photon energy, radiation brightness, repetition rate and FEL pulse duration.
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55
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Zhou G, Decker FJ, Ding Y, Jiao Y, Lutman AA, Maxwell TJ, Raubenheimer TO, Wang J, Holman AJ, Tsai CY, Wu JY, Wu W, Yang C, Yoon M, Wu J. Attosecond Coherence Time Characterization in Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Laser. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5961. [PMID: 32249769 PMCID: PMC7136262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges in scientific researches based on free-electron lasers (FELs) is the characterization of the coherence time of the ultra-fast hard x-ray pulse, which fundamentally influences the interaction process between x-rays and materials. Conventional optical methods, based on autocorrelation, are very difficult to realize due to the lack of mirrors. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a novel method which yields a coherence time of 174.7 attoseconds for the 6.92 keV FEL pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source. In our experiment, a phase shifter is adopted to control the cross-correlation between x-ray and microbunched electrons. This approach provides critical diagnostics for the temporal coherence of x-ray FELs and is universal for general machine parameters; applicable for wide range of photon energy, radiation brightness, repetition rate and FEL pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Franz-Josef Decker
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Yuantao Ding
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Yi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alberto A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Timothy J Maxwell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Tor O Raubenheimer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Jiuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Particle Acceleration Physics and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aaron J Holman
- Department of Physics and The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cheng-Ying Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jerome Y Wu
- Jane Lathrop Stanford Middle School, 480 E Meadow Dr, Palo Alto, CA, 94306, USA
| | - Weiwei Wu
- JSerra Catholic High School, 26351 Junipero Serra Road, San Juan Capistrano, CA, 92675, USA
| | - Chuan Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.,National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Moohyun Yoon
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Juhao Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA.
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56
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Water-Window X-Ray Pulses from a Laser-Plasma Driven Undulator. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5634. [PMID: 32221373 PMCID: PMC7101387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs) x-ray pulses are a key tool to study the structure and dynamics of matter on its natural length and time scale. To complement radio-frequency accelerator-based large-scale facilities, novel laser-based mechanisms hold promise for compact laboratory-scale x-ray sources. Laser-plasma driven undulator radiation in particular offers high peak-brightness, optically synchronized few-fs pulses reaching into the few-nanometer (nm) regime. To date, however, few experiments have successfully demonstrated plasma-driven undulator radiation. Those that have, typically operated at single and comparably long wavelengths. Here we demonstrate plasma-driven undulator radiation with octave-spanning tuneability at discrete wavelengths reaching from 13 nm to 4 nm. Studying spontaneous undulator radiation is an important step towards a plasma-driven free-electron laser. Our specific setup creates a photon pulse, which closely resembles the plasma electron bunch length and charge profile and thus might enable novel methods to characterize the longitudinal electron phase space.
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57
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Perry-Sassmannshausen A, Buhr T, Borovik A, Martins M, Reinwardt S, Ricz S, Stock SO, Trinter F, Müller A, Fritzsche S, Schippers S. Multiple Photodetachment of Carbon Anions via Single and Double Core-Hole Creation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:083203. [PMID: 32167340 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.083203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on new measurements of m-fold photodetachment (m=2-5) of carbon anions via K-shell excitation and ionization. The experiments were carried out employing the photon-ion merged-beams technique at a synchrotron light source. While previous measurements were restricted to double detachment (m=2) and to just the lowest-energy K-shell resonance at about 282 eV, our absolute experimental m-fold detachment cross sections at photon energies of up to 1000 eV exhibit a wealth of new thresholds and resonances. We tentatively identify these features with the aid of detailed atomic-structure calculations. In particular, we find unambiguous evidence for fivefold detachment via double K-hole production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perry-Sassmannshausen
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - T Buhr
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - A Borovik
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Reinwardt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Ricz
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, P.O. Box 51, 4001, Hungary
| | - S O Stock
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- FS-PETRA-S, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Müller
- Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Leihgesterner Weg 217, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Schippers
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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58
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Dickerson JL, McCubbin PTN, Garman EF. RADDOSE-XFEL: femtosecond time-resolved dose estimates for macromolecular X-ray free-electron laser experiments. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For macromolecular structure determination at synchrotron sources, radiation damage remains a major limiting factor. Estimation of the absorbed dose (J kg−1) during data collection at these sources by programs such as RADDOSE-3D has allowed direct comparison of radiation damage between experiments carried out with different samples and beam parameters. This has enabled prediction of roughly when radiation damage will manifest so it can potentially be avoided. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), which produce intense X-ray pulses only a few femtoseconds in duration, can be used to generate diffraction patterns before most of the radiation damage processes have occurred and hence hypothetically they enable the determination of damage-free atomic resolution structures. In spite of this, several experimental and theoretical studies have suggested that structures from XFELs are not always free of radiation damage. There are currently no freely available programs designed to calculate the dose absorbed during XFEL data collection. This article presents an extension to RADDOSE-3D called RADDOSE-XFEL, which calculates the time-resolved dose during XFEL experiments. It is anticipated that RADDOSE-XFEL could be used to facilitate the study of radiation damage at XFELs and ultimately be used prior to data collection so that experimenters can plan their experiments to avoid radiation damage manifesting in their structures.
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59
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Gissis I, Behar E, Fisher A, Aricha S, Yeger E, Avni U, Schnitzer I. GLIDER-A pulsed-current generator for laboratory astrophysics x-ray absorption experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:024701. [PMID: 32113414 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the field of pulse-power, there has always been an interest on small and medium size pulsed-current generators (≤2 MA) which are affordable and of low maintenance. We developed the GLIDER, a compact and modular generator, that drives a gas-puff z-pinch load as a soft x-ray source (0.1-1 keV) for laboratory astrophysics absorption experiments. It comprises 48 bricks, tightly packed in a 1.7 m × 3.5 m × 0.8 m transformer oil container. Its compactness and reliability was enabled owing to unique multilayered oil-soaked insulators, and more than 100 post-hole convolutes. Its stripline includes interchangeable tiles for ease of construction and maintenance. Six triggering units enable current pulse shaping. The GLIDER was tested up to ±60 kV (34 kJ) and produced 2 MA in 450 ns rise time on a 5 nH load. We present grating spectra of K-shell absorption of neutral O and N proving the experimental concept and demonstrating column density and ionization measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gissis
- Physics Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - E Behar
- Physics Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - A Fisher
- Physics Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - S Aricha
- RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems, Haifa 3102102, Israel
| | - E Yeger
- RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems, Haifa 3102102, Israel
| | - U Avni
- RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems, Haifa 3102102, Israel
| | - I Schnitzer
- RAFAEL Advanced Defense Systems, Haifa 3102102, Israel
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60
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Ho PJ, Daurer BJ, Hantke MF, Bielecki J, Al Haddad A, Bucher M, Doumy G, Ferguson KR, Flückiger L, Gorkhover T, Iwan B, Knight C, Moeller S, Osipov T, Ray D, Southworth SH, Svenda M, Timneanu N, Ulmer A, Walter P, Hajdu J, Young L, Maia FRNC, Bostedt C. The role of transient resonances for ultra-fast imaging of single sucrose nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 31919346 PMCID: PMC6952381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses hold great promise for imaging function in nanoscale and biological systems with atomic resolution. So far, however, the spatial resolution obtained from single shot experiments lags averaging static experiments. Here we report on a combined computational and experimental study about ultrafast diffractive imaging of sucrose clusters which are benchmark organic samples. Our theoretical model matches the experimental data from the water window to the keV x-ray regime. The large-scale dynamic scattering calculations reveal that transient phenomena driven by non-linear x-ray interaction are decisive for ultrafast imaging applications. Our study illuminates the complex interplay of the imaging process with the rapidly changing transient electronic structures in XFEL experiments and shows how computational models allow optimization of the parameters for ultrafast imaging experiments. X-ray free electron lasers provide high photon flux to explore single particle diffraction imaging of biological samples. Here the authors present dynamic electronic structure calculations and benchmark them to single-particle XFEL diffraction data of sucrose clusters to predict optimal single-shot imaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Benedikt J Daurer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Max F Hantke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Johan Bielecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Andre Al Haddad
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Leonie Flückiger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Bianca Iwan
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Knight
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Timur Osipov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Stephen H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Martin Svenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anatoli Ulmer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Janos Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland. .,LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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61
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You D, Fukuzawa H, Luo Y, Saito S, Berholts M, Gaumnitz T, Huttula M, Johnsson P, Kishimoto N, Myllynen H, Nemer A, Niozu A, Patanen M, Pelimanni E, Takanashi T, Wada SI, Yokono N, Owada S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Nagaya K, Kukk E, Ueda K. Multi-particle momentum correlations extracted using covariance methods on multiple-ionization of diiodomethane molecules by soft-X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2648-2659. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correlations between the ion momenta are extracted by covariance methods formulated for the use in multiparticle momentum-resolved ion time-of-flight spectroscopy.
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62
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Lee H, Shin J, Cho DH, Jung C, Sung D, Ahn K, Nam D, Kim S, Kim KS, Park SY, Fan J, Jiang H, Kang HC, Tono K, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Noh DY, Song C. Characterizing the intrinsic properties of individual XFEL pulses via single-particle diffraction. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:17-24. [PMID: 31868731 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With each single X-ray pulse having its own characteristics, understanding the individual property of each X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulse is essential for its applications in probing and manipulating specimens as well as in diagnosing the lasing performance. Intensive research using XFEL radiation over the last several years has introduced techniques to characterize the femtosecond XFEL pulses, but a simple characterization scheme, while not requiring ad hoc assumptions, to address multiple aspects of XFEL radiation via a single data collection process is scant. Here, it is shown that single-particle diffraction patterns collected using single XFEL pulses can provide information about the incident photon flux and coherence property simultaneously, and the X-ray beam profile is inferred. The proposed scheme is highly adaptable to most experimental configurations, and will become an essential approach to understanding single X-ray pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemin Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Do Hyung Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Chulho Jung
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Daeho Sung
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kangwoo Ahn
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Daewoong Nam
- PAL-XFEL Beamline Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- PAL-XFEL Beamline Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- PAL-XFEL Beamline Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Park
- PAL-XFEL Beamline Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jiadong Fan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaidong Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Hyun Chol Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Do Young Noh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Changyong Song
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
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Maiuri M, Garavelli M, Cerullo G. Ultrafast Spectroscopy: State of the Art and Open Challenges. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:3-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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64
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Multispectroscopic Study of Single Xe Clusters Using XFEL Pulses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) deliver ultrashort coherent laser pulses in the X-ray spectral regime, enabling novel investigations into the structure of individual nanoscale samples. In this work, we demonstrate how single-shot small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements combined with fluorescence and ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy can be used to obtain size- and structure-selective evaluation of the light-matter interaction processes on the nanoscale. We recorded the SAXS images of single xenon clusters using XFEL pulses provided by the SPring-8 Angstrom compact free-electron laser (SACLA). The XFEL fluences and the radii of the clusters at the reaction point were evaluated and the ion TOF spectra and fluorescence spectra were sorted accordingly. We found that the XFEL fluence and cluster size extracted from the diffraction patterns showed a clear correlation with the fluorescence and ion TOF spectra. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the multispectroscopic approach for exploring laser–matter interaction in the X-ray regime without the influence of the size distribution of samples and the fluence distribution of the incident XFEL pulses.
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65
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Ott C, Aufleger L, Ding T, Rebholz M, Magunia A, Hartmann M, Stooß V, Wachs D, Birk P, Borisova GD, Meyer K, Rupprecht P, da Costa Castanheira C, Moshammer R, Attar AR, Gaumnitz T, Loh ZH, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Ullrich J, Jiang Y, Meyer M, Lambropoulos P, Pfeifer T. Strong-Field Extreme-Ultraviolet Dressing of Atomic Double Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:163201. [PMID: 31702368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of a strong-field dressing of an autoionizing two-electron state in helium with intense extreme-ultraviolet laser pulses from a free-electron laser. The asymmetric Fano line shape of this transition is spectrally resolved, and we observe modifications of the resonance asymmetry structure for increasing free-electron-laser pulse energy on the order of few tens of Microjoules. A quantum-mechanical calculation of the time-dependent dipole response of this autoionizing state, driven by classical extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) electric fields, evidences strong-field-induced energy and phase shifts of the doubly excited state, which are extracted from the Fano line-shape asymmetry. The experimental results obtained at the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) thus correspond to transient energy shifts on the order of a few meV, induced by strong XUV fields. These results open up a new way of performing nonperturbative XUV nonlinear optics for the light-matter interaction of resonant electronic transitions in atoms at short wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Wachs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew R Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Lambropoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Crete and IESL-FORTH, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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66
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Zhang Y, Bergmann U, Schoenlein R, Khalil M, Govind N. Double core hole valence-to-core x-ray emission spectroscopy: A theoretical exploration using time-dependent density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- LCLS and Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Robert Schoenlein
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Niranjan Govind
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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67
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Obaid R, Schnorr K, Wolf TJA, Takanashi T, Kling NG, Kooser K, Nagaya K, Wada SI, Fang L, Augustin S, You D, Campbell EEB, Fukuzawa H, Schulz CP, Ueda K, Lablanquie P, Pfeifer T, Kukk E, Berrah N. Photo-ionization and fragmentation of Sc 3N@C 80 following excitation above the Sc K-edge. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104308. [PMID: 31521092 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the ionization and fragmentation of a metallo-endohedral fullerene, Sc3N@C80, using ultrashort (10 fs) x-ray pulses. Following selective ionization of a Sc (1s) electron (hν = 4.55 keV), an Auger cascade leads predominantly to either a vibrationally cold multiply charged parent molecule or multifragmentation of the carbon cage following a phase transition. In contrast to previous studies, no intermediate regime of C2 evaporation from the carbon cage is observed. A time-delayed, hard x-ray pulse (hν = 5.0 keV) was used to attempt to probe the electron transfer dynamics between the encapsulated Sc species and the carbon cage. A small but significant change in the intensity of Sc-containing fragment ions and coincidence counts for a delay of 100 fs compared to 0 fs, as well as an increase in the yield of small carbon fragment ions, may be indicative of incomplete charge transfer from the carbon cage on the sub-100 fs time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razib Obaid
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | | | - Thomas J A Wolf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tsukasa Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Kuno Kooser
- Deparment of Physics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Wada
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Eleanor E B Campbell
- EastCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pascal Lablanquie
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Edwin Kukk
- Deparment of Physics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nora Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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68
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Ding T, Rebholz M, Aufleger L, Hartmann M, Meyer K, Stooß V, Magunia A, Wachs D, Birk P, Mi Y, Borisova GD, Castanheira CDC, Rupprecht P, Loh ZH, Attar AR, Gaumnitz T, Roling S, Butz M, Zacharias H, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Cavaletto SM, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Nonlinear Coherence Effects in Transient-Absorption Ion Spectroscopy with Stochastic Extreme-Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:103001. [PMID: 31573300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate time-resolved nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy on multiply charged ions, here applied to the doubly charged neon ion, driven by a phase-locked sequence of two intense free-electron laser pulses. Absorption signatures of resonance lines due to 2p-3d bound-bound transitions between the spin-orbit multiplets ^{3}P_{0,1,2} and ^{3}D_{1,2,3} of the transiently produced doubly charged Ne^{2+} ion are revealed, with time-dependent spectral changes over a time-delay range of (2.4±0.3) fs. Furthermore, we observe 10-meV-scale spectral shifts of these resonances owing to the ac Stark effect. We use a time-dependent quantum model to explain the observations by an enhanced coupling of the ionic quantum states with the partially coherent free-electron laser radiation when the phase-locked pump and probe pulses precisely overlap in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Wachs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Andrew R Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Butz
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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69
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Zheng X, Cheng L. Performance of Delta-Coupled-Cluster Methods for Calculations of Core-Ionization Energies of First-Row Elements. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:4945-4955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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70
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Toyota K, Jurek Z, Son SK, Fukuzawa H, Ueda K, Berrah N, Rudek B, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Santra R. xcalib: a focal spot calibrator for intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses based on the charge state distributions of light atoms. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1017-1030. [PMID: 31274423 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The xcalib toolkit has been developed to calibrate the beam profile of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at the focal spot based on the experimental charge state distributions (CSDs) of light atoms. Characterization of the fluence distribution at the focal spot is essential to perform the volume integrations of physical quantities for a quantitative comparison between theoretical and experimental results, especially for fluence-dependent quantities. The use of the CSDs of light atoms is advantageous because CSDs directly reflect experimental conditions at the focal spot, and the properties of light atoms have been well established in both theory and experiment. Theoretical CSDs are obtained using xatom, a toolkit to calculate atomic electronic structure and to simulate ionization dynamics of atoms exposed to intense XFEL pulses, which involves highly excited multiple core-hole states. Employing a simple function with a few parameters, the spatial profile of an XFEL beam is determined by minimizing the difference between theoretical and experimental results. The optimization procedure employing the reinforcement learning technique can automatize and organize calibration procedures which, before, had been performed manually. xcalib has high flexibility, simultaneously combining different optimization methods, sets of charge states, and a wide range of parameter space. Hence, in combination with xatom, xcalib serves as a comprehensive tool to calibrate the fluence profile of a tightly focused XFEL beam in the interaction region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudai Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sang Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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71
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Klimešová E, Kulyk O, Gu Y, Dittrich L, Korn G, Hajdu J, Krikunova M, Andreasson J. Plasma channel formation in NIR laser-irradiated carrier gas from an aerosol nanoparticle injector. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8851. [PMID: 31221980 PMCID: PMC6586673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol nanoparticle injectors are fundamentally important for experiments where container-free sample handling is needed to study isolated nanoparticles. The injector consists of a nebuliser, a differential pumping unit, and an aerodynamic lens to create and deliver a focused particle beam to the interaction point inside a vacuum chamber. The tightest focus of the particle beam is close to the injector tip. The density of the focusing carrier gas is high at this point. We show here how this gas interacts with a near infrared laser pulse (800 nm wavelength, 120 fs pulse duration) at intensities approaching 1016 Wcm-2. We observe acceleration of gas ions to kinetic energies of 100s eV and study their energies as a function of the carrier gas density. Our results indicate that field ionisation by the intense near-infrared laser pulse opens up a plasma channel behind the laser pulse. The observations can be understood in terms of a Coulomb explosion of the created underdense plasma channel. The results can be used to estimate gas background in experiments with the injector and they open up opportunities for a new class of studies on electron and ion dynamics in nanoparticles surrounded by a low-density gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klimešová
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Olena Kulyk
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Yanjun Gu
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Dittrich
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, ER 1-1, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Korn
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Janos Hajdu
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Krikunova
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, ER 1-1, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Physics, Göteborg, Sweden
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72
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Real-time observation of X-ray-induced intramolecular and interatomic electronic decay in CH 2I 2. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2186. [PMID: 31097703 PMCID: PMC6522627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has catalyzed the development of single-object structural determination and of structural dynamics tracking in real-time. Disentangling the molecular-level reactions triggered by the interaction with an XFEL pulse is a fundamental step towards developing such applications. Here we report real-time observations of XFEL-induced electronic decay via short-lived transient electronic states in the diiodomethane molecule, using a femtosecond near-infrared probe laser. We determine the lifetimes of the transient states populated during the XFEL-induced Auger cascades and find that multiply charged iodine ions are issued from short-lived (∼20 fs) transient states, whereas the singly charged ones originate from significantly longer-lived states (∼100 fs). We identify the mechanisms behind these different time scales: contrary to the short-lived transient states which relax by molecular Auger decay, the long-lived ones decay by an interatomic Coulombic decay between two iodine atoms, during the molecular fragmentation. Understanding strong X-ray induced phenomena is important for applications of X-ray free-electron laser imaging. Here, the authors show time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron laser induced electronic decay of CH2I2 molecule probed with NIR pulses and identify mechanisms behind different transient states lifetimes.
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74
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Błachucki W, Kayser Y, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Guo M, Juranić P, Kavčič M, Källman E, Knopp G, Lundberg M, Milne C, Rehanek J, Sá J, Szlachetko J. Inception of electronic damage of matter by photon-driven post-ionization mechanisms. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:024901. [PMID: 31041363 PMCID: PMC6450797 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
"Probe-before-destroy" methodology permitted diffraction and imaging measurements of intact specimens using ultrabright but highly destructive X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses. The methodology takes advantage of XFEL pulses ultrashort duration to outrun the destructive nature of the X-rays. Atomic movement, generally on the order of >50 fs, regulates the maximum pulse duration for intact specimen measurements. In this contribution, we report the electronic structure damage of a molecule with ultrashort X-ray pulses under preservation of the atoms' positions. A detailed investigation of the X-ray induced processes revealed that X-ray absorption events in the solvent produce a significant number of solvated electrons within attosecond and femtosecond timescales that are capable of coulombic interactions with the probed molecules. The presented findings show a strong influence on the experimental spectra coming from ionization of the probed atoms' surroundings leading to electronic structure modification much faster than direct absorption of photons. This work calls for consideration of this phenomenon in cases focused on samples embedded in, e.g., solutions or in matrices, which in fact concerns most of the experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Błachucki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y. Kayser
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M. Guo
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. Juranić
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - M. Kavčič
- Jozef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E. Källman
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G. Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - M. Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C. Milne
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Rehanek
- Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Sá
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - J. Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
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75
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Liu T, Feng C, Xiang D, Liu J, Wang D. Generation of ultrashort coherent radiation based on a laser plasma accelerator. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:311-319. [PMID: 30855237 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518018209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A laser plasma accelerator (LPA) has the potential to realize compact free-electron laser (FEL) radiation at the regular laboratory scale. However, large initial angular divergence and energy spread dramatically hinder ways to transport the beam and realize FEL radiation. Although methods have been proposed to solve these problems, the relatively large jitter, including transverse position jitter and energy jitter, still limits the advance of these experiments. In this paper a simple method to realize coherent harmonic generation based on a LPA beam is proposed. The scheme is very compact, adopting a high-power laser split from the driver laser, a short modulator and a short radiator which has a great tolerance to these typical types of jitter. Numerical simulations indicate that coherent third-harmonic radiation with gigawatt-level power and single spike spectra can be obtained, verifying the feasibility of the scheme and indicating the capability to generate ultrashort fully coherent radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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76
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Jensen SC, Sullivan B, Hartzler D, Aguilar JM, Awel S, Bajt S, Basu S, Bean R, Chapman H, Conrad C, Frank M, Fromme R, Martin-Garcia JM, Grant TD, Heymann M, Hunter MS, Ketawala G, Kirian RA, Knoska J, Kupitz C, Li X, Liang M, Lisova S, Mariani V, Mazalova V, Messerschmidt M, Moran M, Nelson G, Oberthür D, Schaffer A, Sierra RG, Vaughn N, Weierstall U, Wiedorn MO, Xavier L, Yang JH, Yefanov O, Zatsepin NA, Aquila A, Fromme P, Boutet S, Seidler GT, Pushkar Y. X-ray Emission Spectroscopy at X-ray Free Electron Lasers: Limits to Observation of the Classical Spectroscopic Response for Electronic Structure Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:441-446. [PMID: 30566358 PMCID: PMC7047744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) provide ultrashort intense X-ray pulses suitable to probe electron dynamics but can also induce a multitude of nonlinear excitation processes. These affect spectroscopic measurements and interpretation, particularly for upcoming brighter XFELs. Here we identify and discuss the limits to observing classical spectroscopy, where only one photon is absorbed per atom for a Mn2+ in a light element (O, C, H) environment. X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) with different incident photon energies, pulse intensities, and pulse durations is presented. A rate equation model based on sequential ionization and relaxation events is used to calculate populations of multiply ionized states during a single pulse and to explain the observed X-ray induced spectral lines shifts. This model provides easy estimation of spectral shifts, which is essential for experimental designs at XFELs and illustrates that shorter X-ray pulses will not overcome sequential ionization but can reduce electron cascade effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Jensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brendan Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Daniel Hartzler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jose Meza Aguilar
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Salah Awel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saša Bajt
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shibom Basu
- Paul Sherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Henry Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chelsie Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Matthias Frank
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Raimund Fromme
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | | | - Thomas D Grant
- Hauptman-Woodward Institute, Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203
- BioXFEL Science and Technology Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Michael Heymann
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gihan Ketawala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Richard A Kirian
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Juraj Knoska
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Kupitz
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Xuanxuan Li
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengning Liang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Stella Lisova
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Valerio Mariani
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Victoria Mazalova
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Moran
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Garrett Nelson
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Dominik Oberthür
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex Schaffer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Raymond G Sierra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Natalie Vaughn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Max O. Wiedorn
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lourdu Xavier
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jay-How Yang
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Oleksandr Yefanov
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadia A Zatsepin
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
| | - Andrew Aquila
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-7401, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287-1604
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gerald T Seidler
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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77
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Nass K. Radiation damage in protein crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:211-218. [PMID: 30821709 PMCID: PMC6400258 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage is still the most limiting factor in obtaining high-resolution structures of macromolecules in crystallographic experiments at synchrotrons. With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that produce ultrashort and highly intense X-ray pulses, it became possible to outrun most of the radiation-damage processes occurring in the sample during exposure to XFEL radiation. Although this is generally the case, several experimental and theoretical studies have indicated that structures from XFELs may not always be radiation-damage free. This is especially true when higher intensity pulses are used and protein molecules that contain heavy elements in their structures are studied. Here, the radiation-damage mechanisms that occur in samples exposed to XFEL pulses are summarized, results that show indications of radiation damage are reviewed and methods that can partially overcome it are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Nass
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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78
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Ilchen M, Hartmann G, Gryzlova EV, Achner A, Allaria E, Beckmann A, Braune M, Buck J, Callegari C, Coffee RN, Cucini R, Danailov M, De Fanis A, Demidovich A, Ferrari E, Finetti P, Glaser L, Knie A, Lindahl AO, Plekan O, Mahne N, Mazza T, Raimondi L, Roussel E, Scholz F, Seltmann J, Shevchuk I, Svetina C, Walter P, Zangrando M, Viefhaus J, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Meyer M. Symmetry breakdown of electron emission in extreme ultraviolet photoionization of argon. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4659. [PMID: 30405105 PMCID: PMC6220192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs), providing pulses of ultrahigh photon intensity, have revolutionized spectroscopy on ionic targets. Their exceptional photon flux enables multiple photon absorptions within a single femtosecond pulse, which in turn allows for deep insights into the photoionization process itself as well as into evolving ionic states of a target. Here we employ ultraintense pulses from the FEL FERMI to spectroscopically investigate the sequential emission of electrons from gaseous, atomic argon in the neutral as well as the ionic ground state. A pronounced forward-backward symmetry breaking of the angularly resolved emission patterns with respect to the light propagation direction is experimentally observed and theoretically explained for the region of the Cooper minimum, where the asymmetry of electron emission is strongly enhanced. These findings aim to originate a better understanding of the fundamentals of photon momentum transfer in ionic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilchen
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany. .,Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.
| | - G Hartmann
- Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E V Gryzlova
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A Achner
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Beckmann
- X-Spectrum GmbH, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Buck
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - R N Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - R Cucini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - A De Fanis
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Particle Accelerator Physics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Glaser
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Knie
- Institut für Physik, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - A O Lindahl
- Qamcom Research & Technology AB, Falkenbergsgatan 3, SE-412 85, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Mahne
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - L Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Roussel
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Scholz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Seltmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Shevchuk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Svetina
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villingen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Walter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149, Trieste, Italy.,CNR, IOM, Lab Nazl TASC, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Viefhaus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A N Grum-Grzhimailo
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.,Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
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79
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Rudek B, Toyota K, Foucar L, Erk B, Boll R, Bomme C, Correa J, Carron S, Boutet S, Williams GJ, Ferguson KR, Alonso-Mori R, Koglin JE, Gorkhover T, Bucher M, Lehmann CS, Krässig B, Southworth SH, Young L, Bostedt C, Ueda K, Marchenko T, Simon M, Jurek Z, Santra R, Rudenko A, Son SK, Rolles D. Relativistic and resonant effects in the ionization of heavy atoms by ultra-intense hard X-rays. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4200. [PMID: 30305630 PMCID: PMC6180123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate description of the interaction of intense hard X-ray pulses with heavy atoms, which is crucial for many applications of free-electron lasers, represents a hitherto unresolved challenge for theory because of the enormous number of electronic configurations and relativistic effects, which need to be taken into account. Here we report results on multiple ionization of xenon atoms by ultra-intense (about 1019 W/cm2) femtosecond X-ray pulses at photon energies from 5.5 to 8.3 keV and present a theoretical model capable of reproducing the experimental data in the entire energy range. Our analysis shows that the interplay of resonant and relativistic effects results in strongly structured charge state distributions, which reflect resonant positions of relativistically shifted electronic levels of highly charged ions created during the X-ray pulse. The theoretical approach described here provides a basis for accurate modeling of radiation damage in hard X-ray imaging experiments on targets with high-Z constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Koudai Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Cédric Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Correa
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Carron
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Garth J Williams
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Jason E Koglin
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Carl Stefan Lehmann
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Linda Young
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatiana Marchenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marc Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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80
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Sun Z, Fan J, Li H, Liu H, Nam D, Kim C, Kim Y, Han Y, Zhang J, Yao S, Park J, Kim S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Song C, Fan C, Jiang H. Necessary Experimental Conditions for Single-Shot Diffraction Imaging of DNA-Based Structures with X-ray Free-Electron Lasers. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7509-7518. [PMID: 29986128 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that the radiation damage to biological particles and soft condensed matter can be overcome by ultrafast and ultraintense X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) with short pulse durations. The successful demonstration of the "diffraction-before-destruction" concept has made single-shot diffraction imaging a promising tool to achieve high resolutions under the native states of samples. However, the resolution is still limited because of the low signal-to-noise ratio, especially for biological specimens such as cells, viruses, and macromolecular particles. Here, we present a demonstration single-shot diffraction imaging experiment of DNA-based structures at SPring-8 Angstrom Compact Free Electron Laser (SACLA), Japan. Through quantitative analysis of the reconstructed images, the scattering abilities of gold and DNA were demonstrated. Suggestions for extracting valid DNA signals from noisy diffraction patterns were also explained and outlined. To sketch out the necessary experimental conditions for the 3D imaging of DNA origami or DNA macromolecular particles, we carried out numerical simulations with practical detector noise and experimental geometry using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA. The simulated results demonstrate that it is possible to capture images of DNA-based structures at high resolutions with the technique development of current and next-generation X-ray FEL facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Jiadong Fan
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Linac Coherent Light Source , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
- Department of Physics , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Huajie Liu
- Laboratory of Physical Biology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Daewoong Nam
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
- Department of Physics , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- European XFEL GmbH , Holzkoppel 4 , Schenefeld 22869 , Germany
- Department of Physics and Photon Science & School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Korea
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- European XFEL GmbH , Holzkoppel 4 , Schenefeld 22869 , Germany
- Department of Physics and Photon Science & School of Materials Science and Engineering , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005 , Korea
| | - Yubo Han
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Shengkun Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Sunam Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute , Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun , Hyogo 679-5198 , Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center , Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center , Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| | - Changyong Song
- Department of Physics , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Laboratory of Physical Biology , Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201800 , China
| | - Huaidong Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai 201210 , China
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81
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Tamasaku K, Shigemasa E, Inubushi Y, Inoue I, Osaka T, Katayama T, Yabashi M, Koide A, Yokoyama T, Ishikawa T. Nonlinear Spectroscopy with X-Ray Two-Photon Absorption in Metallic Copper. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:083901. [PMID: 30192600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.083901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray two-photon absorption (TPA) spectrum of metallic copper is measured using a free-electron laser (XFEL). The spectrum differs from that measured by the conventional one-photon absorption (OPA), and characterized by a peak below the Fermi level, which is assigned to the transition to the 3d state. The impact of the XFEL pulse on the OPA spectrum is discussed by analyzing the pulse-energy dependence, which indicates that the intrinsic TPA spectrum is measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tamasaku
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigemasa
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki-shi, Nagoya 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Taito Osaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Koide
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki-shi, Nagoya 444-8585, Japan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Toshihiko Yokoyama
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki-shi, Nagoya 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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82
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Jiang WC, Burgdörfer J. Dynamic interference as signature of atomic stabilization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:19921-19931. [PMID: 30119311 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.019921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the ionization of atoms by very intense linearly polarized pulse with moderately high frequency by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). In this regime, the photon energy exceeds the ionization potential allowing for one-photon ionization which is, however, strongly influenced by strong nonlinear photon-atom interactions. We find that the onset of atomic stabilization can be monitored by the appearance of a dynamic interference pattern in the photoelectron spectrum.
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83
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Triple-core-hole states produced in the interaction of solid-state density plasmas with a relativistic femtosecond optical laser. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11048. [PMID: 30038296 PMCID: PMC6056547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely exotic dense matter states can be produced in the interaction of a relativistic femtosecond optical laser with a solid density matter. Here we theoretically investigate triple-core-hole (TCH) states produced by an intense polychromatic x-ray field formed by hot electrons in the interaction of a relativistic femtosecond optical laser with a thin silver foil. X-ray emission spectra of solid-density silver plasmas show unambiguously the production of TCH states at an electron temperature of a few hundreds of eV and radiative temperature of 1–3 keV of the polychromatic x-ray field. Practical calculations show that the emissivity originating from the TCH states exceeds that from the single- and double-core-hole states in Ne-like Ag37+ at electron temperature of ~500 eV and radiative temperature of ~1500 eV. For the neighbouring ionization stages of Ag36+ and Ag38+, TCH emissivity is roughly equivalent or comparable to that from the single- and double-core-hole states. Present work deepens our insight into investigation of the properties of extremely exotic states, which is important in high energy density physics, astrophysics and laser physics.
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84
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Lutman AA, Guetg MW, Maxwell TJ, MacArthur JP, Ding Y, Emma C, Krzywinski J, Marinelli A, Huang Z. High-Power Femtosecond Soft X Rays from Fresh-Slice Multistage Free-Electron Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:264801. [PMID: 30004769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.264801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel multistage amplification scheme for self-amplified spontaneous-emission free electron lasers for the production of few femtosecond pulses with very high power in the soft x-ray regime. The scheme uses the fresh-slice technique to produce an x-ray pulse on the bunch tail, subsequently amplified in downstream undulator sections by fresh electrons. With three-stages amplification, x-ray pulses with an energy of hundreds of microjoules are produced in few femtoseconds. For single-spike spectra x-ray pulses the pulse power is increased more than an order of magnitude compared to other techniques in the same wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - Marc W Guetg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - Timothy J Maxwell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - James P MacArthur
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - Yuantao Ding
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - Claudio Emma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - Jacek Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, Calfornia 94025, USA
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85
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Guetg MW, Lutman AA, Ding Y, Maxwell TJ, Huang Z. Dispersion-Based Fresh-Slice Scheme for Free-Electron Lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:264802. [PMID: 30004747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.264802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The fresh-slice technique improved the performance of several self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser schemes by granting selective control on the temporal lasing slice without spoiling the other electron bunch slices. So far, the implementation has required a special insertion device to create the beam yaw, called a dechirper. We demonstrate a novel scheme to enable fresh-slice operation based on electron energy chirp and orbit dispersion that can be implemented at any free-electron laser facility without additional hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Guetg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alberto A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Yuantao Ding
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Timothy J Maxwell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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86
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Fransson T, Chatterjee R, Fuller FD, Gul S, Weninger C, Sokaras D, Kroll T, Alonso-Mori R, Bergmann U, Kern J, Yachandra VK, Yano J. X-ray Emission Spectroscopy as an in Situ Diagnostic Tool for X-ray Crystallography of Metalloproteins Using an X-ray Free-Electron Laser. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4629-4637. [PMID: 29906115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using the ultrashort X-ray pulses from a X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) provides a new way of collecting structural data at room temperature that allows for following the reaction in real time after initiation. XFEL experiments are conducted in a shot-by-shot mode as the sample is destroyed and replenished after each X-ray pulse, and therefore, monitoring and controlling the data quality by using in situ diagnostic tools is critical. To study metalloenzymes, we developed the use of simultaneous collection of X-ray diffraction of crystals along with X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) data that is used as a diagnostic tool for crystallography, by monitoring the chemical state of the metal catalytic center. We have optimized data analysis methods and sample delivery techniques for fast and active feedback to ensure the quality of each batch of samples and the turnover of the catalytic reaction caused by reaction triggering methods. Here, we describe this active in situ feedback system using Photosystem II as an example that catalyzes the oxidation of H2O to O2 at the Mn4CaO5 active site. We used the first moments of the Mn Kβ1,3 emission spectra, which are sensitive to the oxidation state of Mn, as the primary diagnostics. This approach is applicable to different metalloproteins to determine the integrity of samples and follow changes in the chemical states of the reaction that can be initiated by light or activated by substrates and offers a metric for determining the diffraction images that are used for the final data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fransson
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California United States
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California United States
| | - Franklin D Fuller
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California United States
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California United States
| | - Clemens Weninger
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California United States
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California United States
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California United States
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California United States
| | - Vittal K Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California United States
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87
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Kumagai Y, Jurek Z, Xu W, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Iablonskyi D, Nagaya K, Wada SI, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Ito Y, Sakai T, Matsunami K, Nishiyama T, Umemoto T, Nicolas C, Miron C, Togashi T, Ogawa K, Owada S, Tono K, Yabashi M, Son SK, Ziaja B, Santra R, Ueda K. Radiation-Induced Chemical Dynamics in Ar Clusters Exposed to Strong X-Ray Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:223201. [PMID: 29906148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that electron and ion spectroscopy reveals the details of the oligomer formation in Ar clusters exposed to an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulse, i.e., chemical dynamics triggered by x rays. With guidance from a dedicated molecular dynamics simulation tool, we find that van der Waals bonding, the oligomer formation mechanism, and charge transfer among the cluster constituents significantly affect ionization dynamics induced by an XFEL pulse of moderate fluence. Our results clearly demonstrate that XFEL pulses can be used not only to "damage and destroy" molecular assemblies but also to modify and transform their molecular structure. The accuracy of the predictions obtained makes it possible to apply the cluster spectroscopy, in connection with the respective simulations, for estimation of the XFEL pulse fluence in the fluence regime below single-atom multiple-photon absorption, which is hardly accessible with other diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22671 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Koji Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Denys Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Wada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Subhendu Mondal
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tachibana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sakai
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsunami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Umemoto
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Christophe Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, FR-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Catalin Miron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, FR-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physiscs (ELI-NP), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Mǎgurele, Jud. Ilfov, Romania
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kanade Ogawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | | | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22671 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beata Ziaja
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22671 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22671 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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88
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Kraus PM, Zürch M, Cushing SK, Neumark DM, Leone SR. The ultrafast X-ray spectroscopic revolution in chemical dynamics. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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89
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Kroll T, Weninger C, Alonso-Mori R, Sokaras D, Zhu D, Mercadier L, Majety VP, Marinelli A, Lutman A, Guetg MW, Decker FJ, Boutet S, Aquila A, Koglin J, Koralek J, DePonte DP, Kern J, Fuller FD, Pastor E, Fransson T, Zhang Y, Yano J, Yachandra VK, Rohringer N, Bergmann U. Stimulated X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy in Transition Metal Complexes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:133203. [PMID: 29694162 PMCID: PMC6007888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.133203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation and analysis of the gain curve of amplified Kα x-ray emission from solutions of Mn(II) and Mn(VII) complexes using an x-ray free electron laser to create the 1s core-hole population inversion. We find spectra at amplification levels extending over 4 orders of magnitude until saturation. We observe bandwidths below the Mn 1s core-hole lifetime broadening in the onset of the stimulated emission. In the exponential amplification regime the resolution corrected spectral width of ∼1.7 eV FWHM is constant over 3 orders of magnitude, pointing to the buildup of transform limited pulses of ∼1 fs duration. Driving the amplification into saturation leads to broadening and a shift of the line. Importantly, the chemical sensitivity of the stimulated x-ray emission to the Mn oxidation state is preserved at power densities of ∼10^{20} W/cm^{2} for the incoming x-ray pulses. Differences in signal sensitivity and spectral information compared to conventional (spontaneous) x-ray emission spectroscopy are discussed. Our findings build a baseline for nonlinear x-ray spectroscopy for a wide range of transition metal complexes in inorganic chemistry, catalysis, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kroll
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Clemens Weninger
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Laurent Mercadier
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vinay P Majety
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- Accelerator Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alberto Lutman
- Accelerator Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Marc W Guetg
- Accelerator Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Decker
- Accelerator Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Andy Aquila
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jason Koglin
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jake Koralek
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Daniel P DePonte
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jan Kern
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Franklin D Fuller
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Fransson
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Vittal K Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence, Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nina Rohringer
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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90
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Osipov T, Bostedt C, Castagna JC, Ferguson KR, Bucher M, Montero SC, Swiggers ML, Obaid R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Bozek JD, Berrah N. The LAMP instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:035112. [PMID: 29604777 DOI: 10.1063/1.5017727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Laser Applications in Materials Processing (LAMP) instrument is a new end-station for soft X-ray imaging, high-field physics, and ultrafast X-ray science experiments that is available to users at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron laser. While the instrument resides in the Atomic, Molecular and Optical science hutch, its components can be used at any LCLS beamline. The end-station has a modular design that provides high flexibility in order to meet user-defined experimental requirements and specifications. The ultra-high-vacuum environment supports different sample delivery systems, including pulsed and continuous atomic, molecular, and cluster jets; liquid and aerosols jets; and effusive metal vapor beams. It also houses movable, large-format, high-speed pnCCD X-ray detectors for detecting scattered and fluorescent photons. Multiple charged-particle spectrometer options are compatible with the LAMP chamber, including a double-sided spectrometer for simultaneous and even coincident measurements of electrons, ions, and photons produced by the interaction of the high-intensity X-ray beam with the various samples. Here we describe the design and capabilities of the spectrometers along with some general aspects of the LAMP chamber and show some results from the initial instrument commissioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Osipov
- Physics Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J-C Castagna
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian C Montero
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michele L Swiggers
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Razib Obaid
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - John D Bozek
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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91
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Gorobtsov OY, Mukharamova N, Lazarev S, Chollet M, Zhu D, Feng Y, Kurta RP, Meijer JM, Williams G, Sikorski M, Song S, Dzhigaev D, Serkez S, Singer A, Petukhov AV, Vartanyants IA. Diffraction based Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry at a hard x-ray free-electron laser. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2219. [PMID: 29396400 PMCID: PMC5797123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) provide extremely bright and highly spatially coherent x-ray radiation with femtosecond pulse duration. Currently, they are widely used in biology and material science. Knowledge of the XFEL statistical properties during an experiment may be vitally important for the accurate interpretation of the results. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometry performed in diffraction mode at an XFEL source. It allowed us to determine the XFEL statistical properties directly from the Bragg peaks originating from colloidal crystals. This approach is different from the traditional one when HBT interferometry is performed in the direct beam without a sample. Our analysis has demonstrated nearly full (80%) global spatial coherence of the XFEL pulses and an average pulse duration on the order of ten femtoseconds for the monochromatized beam, which is significantly shorter than expected from the electron bunch measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yu Gorobtsov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Mukharamova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M Chollet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - D Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - Y Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - R P Kurta
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J-M Meijer
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - G Williams
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 53 Bell Avenue, Upton, NY, 11973-5000, USA
| | - M Sikorski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - S Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, 94025, CA, USA
| | - D Dzhigaev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Serkez
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A Singer
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - A V Petukhov
- Van't Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute for Nanomaterial Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - I A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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92
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Current Status of Single Particle Imaging with X-ray Lasers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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93
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Guetg MW, Lutman AA, Ding Y, Maxwell TJ, Decker FJ, Bergmann U, Huang Z. Generation of High-Power High-Intensity Short X-Ray Free-Electron-Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:014801. [PMID: 29350964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers combine a high pulse power, short pulse length, narrow bandwidth, and high degree of transverse coherence. Any increase in the photon pulse power, while shortening the pulse length, will further push the frontier on several key x-ray free-electron laser applications including single-molecule imaging and novel nonlinear x-ray methods. This Letter shows experimental results at the Linac Coherent Light Source raising its maximum power to more than 300% of the current limit while reducing the photon pulse length to 10 fs. This was achieved by minimizing residual transverse-longitudinal centroid beam offsets and beam yaw and by correcting the dispersion when operating over 6 kA peak current with a longitudinally shaped beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Guetg
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alberto A Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Yuantao Ding
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Timothy J Maxwell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Uwe Bergmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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94
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Feng Y, Schafer DW, Song S, Sun Y, Zhu D, Krzywinski J, Robert A, Wu J, Decker FJ. Direct experimental observation of the gas density depression effect using a two-bunch X-ray FEL beam. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:145-150. [PMID: 29271764 PMCID: PMC5741131 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517014278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The experimental observation of the depression effect in gas devices designed for X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) is reported. The measurements were carried out at the Linac Coherent Light Source using a two-bunch FEL beam at 6.5 keV with 122.5 ns separation passing through an argon gas cell. The relative intensities of the two pulses of the two-bunch beam were measured, after and before the gas cell, from X-ray scattering off thin targets by using fast diodes with sufficient temporal resolution. At a cell pressure of 140 hPa, it was found that the after-to-before ratio of the intensities of the second pulse was about 17% ± 6% higher than that of the first pulse, revealing lower effective attenuation of the gas cell due to heating by the first pulse and subsequent gas density reduction in the beam path. This measurement is important in guiding the design and/or mitigating the adverse effects in gas devices for high-repetition-rate FELs such as the LCLS-II and the European XFEL or other future high-repetition-rate upgrades to existing FEL facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Feng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - D. W. Schafer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S. Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Y. Sun
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - D. Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J. Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. Robert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J. Wu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - F.-J. Decker
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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95
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Seddon EA, Clarke JA, Dunning DJ, Masciovecchio C, Milne CJ, Parmigiani F, Rugg D, Spence JCH, Thompson NR, Ueda K, Vinko SM, Wark JS, Wurth W. Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:115901. [PMID: 29059048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa7cca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Seddon
- ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom. The School of Physics and Astronomy and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom. The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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96
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Feifel R, Eland JHD, Carniato S, Selles P, Püttner R, Koulentianos D, Marchenko T, Journel L, Guillemin R, Goldsztejn G, Travnikova O, Ismail I, Miranda BCD, Lago AF, Céolin D, Lablanquie P, Penent F, Piancastelli MN, Simon M. Cationic double K-hole pre-edge states of CS 2 and SF 6. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13317. [PMID: 29042664 PMCID: PMC5645408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in X-ray instrumentation have made it possible to measure the spectra of an essentially unexplored class of electronic states associated with double inner-shell vacancies. Using the technique of single electron spectroscopy, spectra of states in CS2 and SF6 with a double hole in the K-shell and one electron exited to a normally unoccupied orbital have been obtained. The spectra are interpreted with the aid of a high-level theoretical model giving excellent agreement with the experiment. The results shed new light on the important distinction between direct and conjugate shake-up in a molecular context. In particular, systematic similarities and differences between pre-edge states near single core holes investigated in X-ray absorption spectra and the corresponding states near double core holes studied here are brought out.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - J H D Eland
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Carniato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - P Selles
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R Püttner
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Koulentianos
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - T Marchenko
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L Journel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Guillemin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Goldsztejn
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Travnikova
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - I Ismail
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - B Cunha de Miranda
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - A F Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - D Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - P Lablanquie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - F Penent
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M N Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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97
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Marchenko T, Goldsztejn G, Jänkälä K, Travnikova O, Journel L, Guillemin R, Sisourat N, Céolin D, Žitnik M, Kavčič M, Bučar K, Mihelič A, de Miranda BC, Ismail I, Lago AF, Gel'mukhanov F, Püttner R, Piancastelli MN, Simon M. Potential Energy Surface Reconstruction and Lifetime Determination of Molecular Double-Core-Hole States in the Hard X-Ray Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:133001. [PMID: 29341715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and resonant Auger spectroscopy provides complementary information on the dynamic response of resonantly excited molecules. This is exemplified for CH_{3}I, for which we reconstruct the potential energy surface of the dissociative I 3d^{-2} double-core-hole state and determine its lifetime. The proposed method holds a strong potential for monitoring the hard x-ray induced electron and nuclear dynamic response of core-excited molecules containing heavy elements, where ab initio calculations of potential energy surfaces and lifetimes remain challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Marchenko
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - G Goldsztejn
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jänkälä
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - O Travnikova
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L Journel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R Guillemin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - N Sisourat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Žitnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Kavčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Bučar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Mihelič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Cunha de Miranda
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - I Ismail
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - A F Lago
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - F Gel'mukhanov
- Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - R Püttner
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M N Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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98
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99
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Kubin M, Kern J, Gul S, Kroll T, Chatterjee R, Löchel H, Fuller FD, Sierra RG, Quevedo W, Weniger C, Rehanek J, Firsov A, Laksmono H, Weninger C, Alonso-Mori R, Nordlund DL, Lassalle-Kaiser B, Glownia JM, Krzywinski J, Moeller S, Turner JJ, Minitti MP, Dakovski GL, Koroidov S, Kawde A, Kanady JS, Tsui EY, Suseno S, Han Z, Hill E, Taguchi T, Borovik AS, Agapie T, Messinger J, Erko A, Föhlisch A, Bergmann U, Mitzner R, Yachandra VK, Yano J, Wernet P. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054307. [PMID: 28944255 PMCID: PMC5586166 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L-edge of 3d transition metals provides unique information on the local metal charge and spin states by directly probing 3d-derived molecular orbitals through 2p-3d transitions. However, this soft x-ray technique has been rarely used at synchrotron facilities for mechanistic studies of metalloenzymes due to the difficulties of x-ray-induced sample damage and strong background signals from light elements that can dominate the low metal signal. Here, we combine femtosecond soft x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser with a novel x-ray fluorescence-yield spectrometer to overcome these difficulties. We present L-edge absorption spectra of inorganic high-valent Mn complexes (Mn ∼ 6-15 mmol/l) with no visible effects of radiation damage. We also present the first L-edge absorption spectra of the oxygen evolving complex (Mn4CaO5) in Photosystem II (Mn < 1 mmol/l) at room temperature, measured under similar conditions. Our approach opens new ways to study metalloenzymes under functional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kubin
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sheraz Gul
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Heike Löchel
- Institute for Nanometre Optics and Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franklin D Fuller
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Raymond G Sierra
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Wilson Quevedo
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Weniger
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rehanek
- Institute for Nanometre Optics and Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anatoly Firsov
- Institute for Nanometre Optics and Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartawan Laksmono
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dennis L Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jacek Krzywinski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Stefan Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joshua J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michael P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Georgi L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Anurag Kawde
- Institutionen för Kemi, Kemiskt Biologiskt Centrum, Umeå Universitet, SE 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jacob S Kanady
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Emily Y Tsui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Sandy Suseno
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Zhiji Han
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ethan Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Taketo Taguchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Andrew S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - Alexei Erko
- Institute for Nanometre Optics and Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vittal K Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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100
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Preston TR, Vinko SM, Ciricosta O, Hollebon P, Chung HK, Dakovski GL, Krzywinski J, Minitti M, Burian T, Chalupský J, Hájková V, Juha L, Vozda V, Zastrau U, Lee RW, Wark JS. Measurements of the K-Shell Opacity of a Solid-Density Magnesium Plasma Heated by an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:085001. [PMID: 28952743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the spectrally resolved x rays emitted from solid-density magnesium targets of varying sub-μm thicknesses isochorically heated by an x-ray laser. The data exhibit a largely thickness-independent source function, allowing the extraction of a measure of the opacity to K-shell x rays within well-defined regimes of electron density and temperature, extremely close to local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The deduced opacities at the peak of the Kα transitions of the ions are consistent with those predicted by detailed atomic-kinetics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Preston
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S M Vinko
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - O Ciricosta
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - P Hollebon
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - H-K Chung
- Atomic and Molecular Data Unit, Nuclear Data Section, IAEA, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - G L Dakovski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Minitti
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Burian
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - J Chalupský
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V Hájková
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L Juha
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V Vozda
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - U Zastrau
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R W Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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