51
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Wang Z, Liu H, Xie X, Zhang C, Wang R, Chen L, Xu Y, Ma H, Fang W, Yao Y, Sang H, Wang X, Li X, Xiao M. Free-triplet generation with improved efficiency in tetracene oligomers through spatially separated triplet pair states. Nat Chem 2021; 13:559-567. [PMID: 33833447 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) can potentially boost the efficiency of solar energy conversion by converting a singlet exciton (S1) into two free triplets (T1 + T1) through an intermediate state of a correlated triplet pair (TT). Although efficient TT generation has been recently realized in many intramolecular SF materials, their potential applications have been hindered by the poor efficiency of TT dissociation. Here we demonstrate that this can be overcome by employing a spatially separated 1(T…T) state with weak intertriplet coupling in tetracene oligomers with three or more chromophores. By using transient magneto-optical spectroscopic methods, we show that free-triplet generation can be markedly enhanced through the SF pathway that involves the spatially separated 1(T…T) state rather than the pathway mediated by the spatially adjacent TT state, leading to a marked improvement in free-triplet generation with an efficiency increase from 21% for the dimer to 85% (124%) for the trimer (tetramer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihe Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weihai Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Sang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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52
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Shaikh J, Congrave DG, Forster A, Minotto A, Cacialli F, Hele TJH, Penfold TJ, Bronstein H, Clarke TM. Intrinsic photogeneration of long-lived charges in a donor-orthogonal acceptor conjugated polymer. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8165-8177. [PMID: 34194707 PMCID: PMC8208312 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient charge photogeneration in conjugated polymers typically requires the presence of a second component to act as electron acceptor. Here, we report a novel low band-gap conjugated polymer with a donor/orthogonal acceptor motif: poly-2,6-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-2,6-spiro [cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-4,9'-fluorene]-2',7'-dicarbonitrile, referred to as PCPDT-sFCN. The role of the orthogonal acceptor is to spatially isolate the LUMO from the HOMO, allowing for negligible exchange energy between electrons in these orbitals and minimising the energy gap between singlet and triplet charge transfer states. We employ ultrafast and microsecond transient absorption spectroscopy to demonstrate that, even in the absence of a separate electron acceptor, PCPDT-sFCN shows efficient charge photogeneration in both pristine solution and film. This efficient charge generation is a result of an isoenergetic singlet/triplet charge transfer state equilibrium acting as a reservoir for charge carrier formation. Furthermore, clear evidence of enhanced triplet populations, which form in less than 1 ps, is observed. Using group theory, we show that this ultrafast triplet formation is due to highly efficient, quantum mechanically allowed intersystem crossing between the bright, initially photoexcited local singlet state and the triplet charge transfer state. Remarkably, the free charges that form via the charge transfer state are extraordinarily long-lived with millisecond lifetimes, possibly due to the stabilisation imparted by the spatial separation of PCPDT-sFCN's donor and orthogonal acceptor motifs. The efficient generation of long-lived charge carriers in a pristine polymer paves the way for single-material applications such as organic photovoltaics and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Building London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Daniel G Congrave
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Alex Forster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Alessandro Minotto
- Department of Physics, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Timothy J H Hele
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Building London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tracey M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Building London WC1H 0AJ UK
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53
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Hasobe T. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Molecular Architectures Utilizing Self-assembled Monolayers for Singlet Fission and Light Energy Conversion. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Hasobe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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54
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Kundu A, Dasgupta J. Photogeneration of Long-Lived Triplet States through Singlet Fission in Lycopene H-Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1468-1474. [PMID: 33528257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular triplet excitons produced through singlet fission (SF) usually have shorter triplet lifetimes due to exciton-exciton recombination and relaxation pathways, thereby resulting in complex device architectures for SF-boosted solar cells. Using broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, we here show that the photoexcitation of nanostructured lycopene H-aggregates at room temperature produces free triplets with an unprecedented 35-fold enhancement in the lifetime compared to those localized on the monomer backbone. The observed rise of a spectrally blue-shifted correlated T-T pair state in ∼19 ps with distinct vibronic features provides the basis for SF-induced triplet generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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55
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Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 1-3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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56
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Guzmán D, Papadopoulos I, Lavarda G, Rami PR, Tykwinski RR, Rodríguez‐Morgade MS, Guldi DM, Torres T. Controlling Intramolecular Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Singlet Fission in a Subporphyrazine-Pentacene Conjugate by Solvent Polarity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1474-1481. [PMID: 33002284 PMCID: PMC7839765 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Due its complementary absorptions in the range of 450 and 600 nm, an energy-donating hexaaryl-subporphyrazine has been linked to a pentacene dimer, which acts primarily as an energy acceptor and secondarily as a singlet fission enabler. In the corresponding conjugate, efficient intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (i-FRET) is the modus operandi to transfer energy from the subporphyrazine to the pentacene dimer. Upon energy transfer, the pentacene dimer undergoes intramolecular singlet fission (i-SF), that is, converting the singlet excited state, via an intermediate state, into a pair of correlated triplet excited states. Solvatochromic fluorescence of the subporphyrazine is a key feature of this system and features a red-shift as large as 20 nm in polar media. Solvent is thus used to modulate spectral overlap between the fluorescence of subporphyrazine and absorption of the pentacene dimer, which controls the Förster rate constant, on one hand, and the triplet quantum yield, on the other hand. The optimum spectral overlap is realized in xylene, leading to Förster rate constant of 3.52×1011 s-1 and a triplet quantum yield of 171 % ±10 %. In short, the solvent polarity dependence, which is a unique feature of subporphyrazines, is decisive in terms of adjusting spectral overlap, ensuring a sizable Förster rate constant, and maximizing triplet quantum yields. Uniquely, this optimization can be achieved without a need for synthetic modification of the subporphyrazine donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Guzmán
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Parisa R. Rami
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G2Canada
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez‐Morgade
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInterdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaCampus de Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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57
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Steiner AM, Lissel F, Fery A, Lauth J, Scheele M. Perspektiven gekoppelter organisch‐anorganischer Nanostrukturen für Ladungs‐ und Energietransferanwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Maria Steiner
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institut Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01064 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institut Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Deutschland
- Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01064 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Leibniz-Universität Hannover Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie Callinstr. 3A 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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58
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Steiner AM, Lissel F, Fery A, Lauth J, Scheele M. Prospects of Coupled Organic-Inorganic Nanostructures for Charge and Energy Transfer Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1152-1175. [PMID: 32173981 PMCID: PMC7821299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We review the field of organic-inorganic nanocomposites with a focus on materials that exhibit a significant degree of electronic coupling across the hybrid interface. These nanocomposites undergo a variety of charge and energy transfer processes, enabling optoelectronic applications in devices which exploit singlet fission, triplet energy harvesting, photon upconversion or hot charge carrier transfer. We discuss the physical chemistry of the most common organic and inorganic components. Based on those we derive synthesis and assembly strategies and design criteria on material and device level with a focus on photovoltaics, spin memories or optical upconverters. We conclude that future research in the field should be directed towards an improved understanding of the binding motif and molecular orientation at the hybrid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Maria Steiner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Institute of Macromolecular ChemistryLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401064DresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer PhysicsLeibniz Institute of Polymer ResearchHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401064DresdenGermany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Leibniz Universität HannoverInstitute of Physical Chemistry and ElectrochemistryCallinstr. 3A30167HannoverGermany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Eberhard Karls-Universität TübingenInstitute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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59
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Guzmán D, Papadopoulos I, Lavarda G, Rami PR, Tykwinski RR, Rodríguez‐Morgade MS, Guldi DM, Torres T. Kontrolle des intramolekularen Förster‐Resonanzenergietransfers und der Singulettspaltung in einem Subporphyrazin‐Pentacen‐Konjugat mittels Lösungsmittelpolarität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Giulia Lavarda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Parisa R. Rami
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - M. Salomé Rodríguez‐Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- IMDEA-Nanociencia Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spanien
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60
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Aguilar Suarez LE, de Graaf C, Faraji S. Influence of the crystal packing in singlet fission: one step beyond the gas phase approximation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14164-14177. [PMID: 33988190 PMCID: PMC8284770 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF), a multiexciton generation process, has been proposed as an alternative to enhance the performance of solar cells. The gas phase dimer model has shown its utility to study this process, but it does not always cover all the physics and the effect of the surrounding atoms has to be included in such cases. In this contribution, we explore the influence of crystal packing on the electronic couplings, and on the so-called exciton descriptors and electron–hole correlation plots. We have studied three tetracene dimers extracted from the crystal structure, as well as several dimers and trimers of the α and β polymorphs of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). These polymorphs show different SF yields. Our results highlight that the character of the excited states of tetracene depends on both the mutual disposition of molecules and inclusion of the environment. The latter does however not change significantly the interpretation of the SF mechanism in the studied systems. For DPBF, we establish how the excited state analysis is able to pinpoint differences between the polymorphs. We observe strongly bound correlated excitons in the β polymorph which might hinder the formation of the 1TT state and, consequently, explain its low SF yield. Singlet fission (SF), a multiexciton generation process, has been proposed as an alternative to enhance the performance of solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Aguilar Suarez
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands. and Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C. Marcel lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain and ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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61
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Abstract
This review surveys recent progress towards robust chiral nanostructure fabrication techniques using synthetic helical polymers, the unique inferred properties that these materials possess, and their intricate connection to natural, biological chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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62
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Stevens AL, Yeow C, White JM, Bradley SJ, Ghiggino KP, Steer RP. Electronic spectroscopy and photophysics of calix[4]azulene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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63
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Bao P, Hettich CP, Shi Q, Gao J. Block-Localized Excitation for Excimer Complex and Diabatic Coupling. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 17:240-254. [PMID: 33370101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a block-localized excitation (BLE) method to carry out constrained optimization of block-localized orbitals for constructing valence bond-like, diabatic excited configurations using multistate density functional theory (MSDFT). The method is an extension of the previous block-localized wave function method through a fragment-based ΔSCF approach to optimize excited determinants within a molecular complex. In BLE, both the number of electrons and the electronic spin of different fragments in a whole system can be constrained, whereas electrostatic, exchange, and polarization interactions among different blocks can be fully taken into account of. To avoid optimization collapse to unwanted states, a ΔSCF projection scheme and a maximum overlap of wave function approach have been presented. The method is illustrated by the excimer complex of two naphthalene molecules. With a minimum of eight spin-adapted configurational state functions, it was found that the inversion of La- and Lb- states near the optimal structure of the excimer complex is correctly produced, which is in quantitative agreement with DMRG-CASPT2 calculations and experiments. Trends in the computed transfer integrals associated with excited-state energy transfer both in the singlet and triplet states are discussed. The results suggest that MSDFT may be used as an efficient approach to treat intermolecular interactions in excited states with a minimal active space (MAS) for interpretation of the results and for dynamic simulations, although the selection of a small active space is often system dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Christian P Hettich
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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64
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Paul S, Govind C, Karunakaran V. Planarity and Length of the Bridge Control Rate and Efficiency of Intramolecular Singlet Fission in Pentacene Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2020; 125:231-239. [PMID: 33371685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) improves the power conversion efficiency of optoelectronic devices by converting high-energy photons into two triplet excitons. SF dynamics and efficiency (Φ) are controlled by various factors. Here, the effect of planarity and length of the bridge in pentacene dimers on the intramolecular SF (iSF) process was investigated by synthesizing the dimers connected by bridges having fluorene (FL-PD, planar), methyl-substituted biphenyl (MBP-PD, twisted), and diphenyl acetylene (DPA-PD, longer) groups and characterizing their excited-state relaxation dynamics using nanosecond and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Transient absorption studies reveal that iSF dynamics of FL-PD having a planar bridge are ∼787 times faster (187 ps) and exhibit higher Φ (198%) by feasible electronic coupling, compared to MBP-PD possessing a twisted bridge showing a low Φ of ∼16%. However compared to FL-PD, iSF dynamics of DPA-PD with an increase of bridge length are slower by an order (1.09 ns) and show comparable Φ of 185% through extended conjugation. Thus, the planarity and length of the bridge in pentacene dimers control the rate and efficiency of the iSF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitha Paul
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Chinju Govind
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Venugopal Karunakaran
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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65
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Wang G, Zhang C, Liu Z, Wang R, Ma H, Wang X, Xiao M. Singlet Fission Dynamics in Tetracene Single Crystals Probed by Polarization-Dependent Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10447-10456. [PMID: 33290074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The exact mechanism of endothermic singlet fission in crystalline polyacene remains to be clarified. It has been elusive whether the excess energy of vibrational hot states and the upper branch of Davydov splitting is important for the energy compensation. Here, we probe the excited-state specified singlet fission dynamics in tetracene single crystals by polarization-dependent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). While a major spectral transfer with a characteristic lifetime of 86 ps is observed to be largely independent of the excitation energy due to formation of the spatially separated triplet pairs (1(T···T)), the excitation-energy dependent subpicosecond dynamics show marked differences for different states probed, implying the possible involvement of a coherently formed triplet pair state (1(TT)). Analysis of coherent vibrational modes suggests the coupling to high energy modes may offset the energy difference between singlet and triplet pair states. Moreover, the beating map of the low frequency mode indicates a vibrational hot state violating the aggregation behavior of Davydov exciton, which can be explained as a resonance of the 1(TT) state. These results suggest that the coherent vibronic mixing between local excitation and triplet pair states is essential for the singlet fission dynamics in molecule aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.,Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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66
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Zirzlmeier J, Lavarda G, Gotfredsen H, Papadopoulos I, Chen L, Clark T, Tykwinski RR, Torres T, Guldi DM. Modulating the dynamics of Förster resonance energy transfer and singlet fission by variable molecular spacers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23061-23068. [PMID: 33179680 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06285e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to previous work, the synergy between panchromatic absorption and molecular singlet fission (SF) is exploited to optimize solar energy conversion through evaluation of the distance dependence of intramolecular Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (i-FRET) in a series of subphthalocyanines (SubPcs) linked to pentacene dimers (Pnc2s). To provide control over i-FRET, the molecular spacer rather than the energy donating SubPc is tailored in the corresponding SubPc-Pnc2 conjugates in terms of length (i.e., the number of aryl units) and flexibility (i.e., presence or absence of a CH2 group). AM1-CIS calculations support the experiments, which underline the importance of the molecular spacer to impact not only the i-FRET dynamics, but also the dynamics of intramolecular singlet fission (i-SF). For example, an additional phenyl group slows down both i-FRET and i-SF by a factor of ∼3.8 and ∼1.6, respectively, by a quinone-like conjugation pattern that affords a pentacene acceptor orbital that is fairly delocalized over both pentacenes and the bridging phenyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zirzlmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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67
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Lubert-Perquel D, Szumska AA, Azzouzi M, Salvadori E, Ruloff S, Kay CMW, Nelson J, Heutz S. Structure Dependence of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters in Singlet Fission Processes. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9557-9565. [PMID: 33119322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission-whereby one absorbed photon generates two coupled triplet excitons-is a key process for increasing the efficiency of optoelectronic devices by overcoming the Shockley-Queisser limit. A crucial parameter is the rate of dissociation of the coupled triplets, as this limits the number of free triplets subsequently available for harvesting and ultimately the overall efficiency of the device. Here we present an analysis of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for this process in parallel and herringbone dimers measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in coevaporated films of pentacene in p-terphenyl. The rate of dissociation is higher for parallel dimers than for their herringbone counterparts, as is the rate of recombination to the ground state. DFT calculations, which provide the magnitude of the electronic coupling as well as the distribution of molecular orbitals for each geometry, suggest that weaker triplet coupling in the parallel dimer is the driving force for faster dissociation. Conversely, localization of the molecular orbitals and a stronger triplet-triplet interaction result in slower dissociation and recombination. The identification and understanding of how the intermolecular geometry promotes efficient triplet dissociation provide the basis for control of triplet coupling and thereby the optimization of one important parameter of device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Lubert-Perquel
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Anna A Szumska
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria 7, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Stefan Ruloff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Christopher M W Kay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, U.K
| | - Sandrine Heutz
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, U.K
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68
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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69
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Li X, Parrish RM, Martínez TJ. An ab initio exciton model for singlet fission. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184116. [PMID: 33187442 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an ab initio exciton model that extends the Frenkel exciton model and includes valence, charge-transfer, and multiexcitonic excited states. It serves as a general, parameter-free, yet computationally efficient and scalable approach for simulation of singlet fission processes in multichromophoric systems. A comparison with multiconfigurational methods confirms that our exciton model predicts consistent energies and couplings for the pentacene dimer and captures the correct physics. Calculations of larger pentacene clusters demonstrate the computational scalability of the exciton model and suggest that the mixing between local and charge-transfer excitations narrows the gap between singlet and multiexcitonic states. Local vibrations of pentacene molecules are found to facilitate singlet-multiexcitonic state-crossing and hence are important for understanding singlet fission. The exciton model developed in this work also sets the stage for further implementation of the nuclear gradients and nonadiabatic couplings needed for first principles nonadiabatic quantum molecular dynamics simulations of singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Robert M Parrish
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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70
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Parenti KR, He G, Sanders SN, Pun AB, Kumarasamy E, Sfeir MY, Campos LM. Bridge Resonance Effects in Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9392-9399. [PMID: 33138366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A major benefit of intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) materials, in which through-bond interactions mediate triplet pair formation, is the ability to control the triplet formation dynamics through molecular engineering. One common design strategy is the use of molecular bridges to mediate interchromophore interactions, decreasing electronic coupling by increasing chromophore-chromophore separation. Here, we report how the judicious choice of aromatic bridges can enhance chromophore-chromophore electronic coupling. This molecular engineering strategy takes advantage of "bridge resonance", in which the frontier orbital energies are nearly degenerate with those of the covalently linked singlet fission chromophores, resulting in fast iSF even at large interchromophore separations. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we investigate this bridge resonance effect in a series of pentacene and tetracene-bridged dimers, and we find that the rate of triplet formation is enhanced as the bridge orbitals approach resonance. This work highlights the important role of molecular connectivity in controlling the rate of iSF through chemical bonds and establishes critical design principles for future use of iSF materials in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Andrew B Pun
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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71
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Wollscheid N, Lustres JLP, Brosius V, Motzkus M, Bunz UHF, Buckup T. Diffusion-Controlled Singlet Fission in a Chlorinated Phenazinothiadiazole by Broadband Femtosecond Transient Absorption. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10186-10194. [PMID: 33118824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a process by which one excited singlet state yields two triplet states upon close interaction with a ground-state chromophore of the same kind. This photoreaction was first observed in solid state and has important implications in organic photovoltaics. Singlet fission was also reported in concentrated solutions, where the need for diffusion of the reaction partners slows the dynamics. This helps to single out reaction stages and to identify the involved species. In this work, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and time-correlated single photon counting are applied to the concentration-dependent (from 10-1 to 102 mM) photodynamics of a tetrachlorinated phenazinothiadiazole in toluene. Time-resolved emission shows a monoexponential decay, which is constant across the emission band. The corresponding decay rate depends linearly on the concentration of the phenazinothiadiazole. Femtosecond transient absorption demonstrates that a concentration-dependent singlet-to-triplet conversion hides behind the emission decay which is diffusion controlled. Contrary to previous reports on SF in pentacenes and tetracenes, no indication of intermediate states has been found. Efficient, direct and barrierless SF is concluded. The strong enhancement of the triplet yield at increasingly higher concentrations of the thiadiazole indicates very efficient singlet fission with a triplet yield up to 189 ± 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Wollscheid
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jose Luis Pérez Lustres
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victor Brosius
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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72
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Bergman HM, Kiel GR, Witzke RJ, Nenon DP, Schwartzberg AM, Liu Y, Tilley TD. Shape-Selective Synthesis of Pentacene Macrocycles and the Effect of Geometry on Singlet Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19850-19855. [PMID: 33169994 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pentacene's extraordinary photophysical and electronic properties are highly dependent on intermolecular through-space interactions. Macrocyclic arrangements of chromophores have been shown to provide a high level of control over these interactions, but few examples exist for pentacene due to inherent synthetic challenges. In this work, zirconocene-mediated alkyne coupling was used as a dynamic covalent C-C bond forming reaction to synthesize two geometrically distinct, pentacene-containing macrocycles on a gram scale and in four or fewer steps. Both macrocycles undergo singlet fission in solution with rates that differ by an order of magnitude, while the rate of triplet recombination is approximately the same. This independent modulation of singlet and triplet decay rates is highly desirable for the design of efficient singlet fission materials. The dimeric macrocycle adopts a columnar packing motif in the solid state with large void spaces between pentacene units of the crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan J Witzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David P Nenon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam M Schwartzberg
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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73
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Zeiser C, Moretti L, Lepple D, Cerullo G, Maiuri M, Broch K. Singlet Heterofission in Tetracene–Pentacene Thin‐Film Blends. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Luca Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan Italy
| | - Daniel Lepple
- Institute for Applied Physics University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 Milan Italy
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
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74
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Zeiser C, Moretti L, Lepple D, Cerullo G, Maiuri M, Broch K. Singlet Heterofission in Tetracene-Pentacene Thin-Film Blends. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19966-19973. [PMID: 32761935 PMCID: PMC7820980 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heterofission is a photophysical process of fundamental and applied interest whereby an excited singlet state is converted into two triplets on chemically distinct chromophores. The potential of this process lies in the tuning of both the optical band gap and the splitting between singlet and triplet energies. Herein, we report the time‐domain observation of heterofission in mixed thin films of the prototypical singlet fission chromophores pentacene and tetracene using excitation wavelengths above and below the tetracene band gap. We found a time constant of 26 ps for endothermic heterofission of a singlet exciton on pentacene in blends with low pentacene fractions, which was outcompeted by pentacene homofission for increasing pentacene concentrations. Direct excitation of tetracene lead to fast energy transfer to pentacene and subsequent singlet fission, which prevented homo‐ or heterofission of a singlet exciton on tetracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Zeiser
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca Moretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Lepple
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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75
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Gish MK, Thorley KJ, Parkin SR, Anthony JE, Johnson JC. Hydrogen Bonding Optimizes Singlet Fission in Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Anthradithiophene Films. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Gish
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Karl J. Thorley
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Sean R. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - John E. Anthony
- Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden CO 80401 USA
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76
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Chen WC, Cheng YC. Elucidating the Magnitude of Internal Reorganization Energy of Molecular Excited States from the Perspective of Transition Density. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7644-7657. [PMID: 32864966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying vibronic couplings in molecular excited states is crucial for the elucidation of a broad range of photophysical phenomena. In this study, we compare different theoretical approaches for the calculation of reorganization energy, a measure of vibronic coupling strength, and provide a rigorous derivation to show that molecular transition density characterizing electron-hole excitation could be used to quantify the magnitude of reorganization energy. The theory enables a descriptor based on molecular-orbital coefficients and atomic transition densities to quantify the magnitude of reorganization energies in molecular excited states. Applying the approach to low-lying excited states of polyacenes, we demonstrate that transition density distribution explains the difference in the magnitude of the reorganization energy of different excited states. Furthermore, to clarify the applicability of the transition density descriptor in molecular design for small-reorganization energy molecules, we investigate a broad range of molecular chromophores to show the effectiveness of the proposed theory. With this perspective on the relationship between reorganization energy and transition density, we successfully provide a quantitative rule to identify π-conjugated systems with small reorganization energy in the excited state, which should be useful for the development of novel optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Chung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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77
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Han J, Rehn DR, Buckup T, Dreuw A. Evaluation of Single-Reference DFT-Based Approaches for the Calculation of Spectroscopic Signatures of Excited States Involved in Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8446-8460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Robert Rehn
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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78
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Xue L, Song X, Feng Y, Cheng S, Lu G, Bu Y. General Dual-Switched Dynamic Singlet Fission Channels in Solvents Governed Jointly by Chromophore Structural Dynamics and Solvent Impact: Singlet Prefission Energetics Analyses. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17469-17479. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
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79
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Lijina MP, Benny A, Ramakrishnan R, Nair NG, Hariharan M. Exciton Isolation in Cross-Pentacene Architecture. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17393-17402. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Lijina
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Alfy Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Nanditha G. Nair
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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80
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Alvertis AM, Pandya R, Quarti C, Legrand L, Barisien T, Monserrat B, Musser AJ, Rao A, Chin AW, Beljonne D. First principles modeling of exciton-polaritons in polydiacetylene chains. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084103. [PMID: 32872885 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons in organic materials are hybrid states that result from the strong interaction of photons and the bound excitons that these materials host. Organic polaritons hold great interest for optoelectronic applications; however, progress toward this end has been impeded by the lack of a first principles approach that quantifies light-matter interactions in these systems, which would allow the formulation of molecular design rules. Here, we present a theoretical framework that combines first principles calculations for excitons with classical electrodynamics in order to quantify light-matter interactions. We exemplify our approach by studying variants of the conjugated polymer polydiacetylene, and we show that a large polymer conjugation length is critical toward strong exciton-photon coupling, hence underlying the importance of pure structures without static disorder. By comparing to our experimental reflectivity measurements, we show that the coupling of excitons to vibrations, manifested by phonon side bands in the absorption, has a strong impact on the magnitude of light-matter coupling over a range of frequencies. Our approach opens the way toward a deeper understanding of polaritons in organic materials, and we highlight that a quantitatively accurate calculation of the exciton-photon interaction would require accounting for all sources of disorder self-consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios M Alvertis
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Quarti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurent Legrand
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Barisien
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Alex W Chin
- Sorbonne Universite, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc, 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
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81
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Multiexcitonic Triplet Pair Generation in Oligoacene Dendrimers as Amorphous Solid‐State Miniatures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20956-20964. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 22012 Incheon Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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82
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Jiang H, Zimmerman PM. Charge transfer via spin flip configuration interaction: Benchmarks and application to singlet fission. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:064109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0018267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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83
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The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Singlet Fission in Organic Semiconductors: its Understanding and Applications. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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84
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Menon A, Papadopoulos I, Harreiß C, Mora-Fuentes JP, Cortizo-Lacalle D, Mateo-Alonso A, Spiecker E, Guldi DM. Collecting up to 115% of Singlet-Fission Products by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8875-8886. [PMID: 32543172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we focused on integrating a phenylene-bridged dibenzodiazahexacene dimer (o-DAD), which is singlet fission (SF) active, onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a low-energy sink for energetically low lying excited states that stem from SF. Spectroscopic and microscopic assays assisted in documenting that SWCNT/o-DAD feature high stability in THF as a result of electronic interactions between the individual constituents. For example, statistical Raman analysis underlined n-doping of SWCNTs in the presence of o-DAD. Fluorescence spectroscopy prompted an energy transfer between the individual constituents, a conclusion that was exclusively derived from the quenching of the o-DAD-centered fluorescence. Excitation spectroscopy with a focus on the SWCNT fluorescence confirmed independently this conclusion by showing o-DAD-centered features. Our work was rounded off by time-resolved transient absorption measurements with SWCNT/o-DAD, in which evidence was gathered for the sequential o-DAD-centered SF with an efficiency of 112% followed by a unidirectional energy transfer from o-DAD to SWCNT and a rapid deactivation. The energy transfer efficiency from SF products such as (S1S0)CT and 1(T1T1) exceeded the 100% threshold with values of 115%, which is conventionally found in energy transfer schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan P Mora-Fuentes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Diego Cortizo-Lacalle
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 6 Solairua, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM) and Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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85
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Sharma A, Zhang L, Tollerud JO, Dong M, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Vogl T, Liang K, Nguyen HT, Wang F, Sanwlani S, Earl SK, Macdonald D, Lam PK, Davis JA, Lu Y. Supertransport of excitons in atomically thin organic semiconductors at the 2D quantum limit. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:116. [PMID: 32655861 PMCID: PMC7338549 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-range and fast transport of coherent excitons is important for the development of high-speed excitonic circuits and quantum computing applications. However, most of these coherent excitons have only been observed in some low-dimensional semiconductors when coupled with cavities, as there are large inhomogeneous broadening and dephasing effects on the transport of excitons in their native states in materials. Here, by confining coherent excitons at the 2D quantum limit, we first observed molecular aggregation-enabled 'supertransport' of excitons in atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) organic semiconductors between coherent states, with a measured high effective exciton diffusion coefficient of ~346.9 cm2/s at room temperature. This value is one to several orders of magnitude higher than the values reported for other organic molecular aggregates and low-dimensional inorganic materials. Without coupling to any optical cavities, the monolayer pentacene sample, a very clean 2D quantum system (~1.2 nm thick) with high crystallinity (J-type aggregation) and minimal interfacial states, showed superradiant emission from Frenkel excitons, which was experimentally confirmed by the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) emission, highly enhanced radiative decay rate, significantly narrowed PL peak width and strongly directional in-plane emission. The coherence in monolayer pentacene samples was observed to be delocalised over ~135 molecules, which is significantly larger than the values (a few molecules) observed for other organic thin films. In addition, the supertransport of excitons in monolayer pentacene samples showed highly anisotropic behaviour. Our results pave the way for the development of future high-speed excitonic circuits, fast OLEDs, and other optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jonathan O. Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Miheng Dong
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Robert Halbich
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Tobias Vogl
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kun Liang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Shilpa Sanwlani
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Stuart K. Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Daniel Macdonald
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ping Koy Lam
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
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86
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Palmer JR, Wells KA, Yarnell JE, Favale JM, Castellano FN. Visible-Light-Driven Triplet Sensitization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Thionated Perinones. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5092-5099. [PMID: 32517474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free chromophores that efficiently generate triplet excited states represent promising alternatives with respect to transition metal-containing photosensitizers, such as those featuring metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states. However, such molecular constructs have remained underexplored due to the unclear relationship(s) between molecular structure and efficient/rapid intersystem crossing. In this regard, we present a series of three thionated perinone chromophores serving as a newly conceived class of heavy metal-free triplet photosensitizers. We demonstrate that thionation of the lone C═O substituent in each highly fluorescent perinone imparts red-shifted absorbance bands that maintain intense extinction coefficients across the visible spectrum, as well as unusually efficient triplet excited state formation as inferred from the measured singlet O2 quantum yields at 1270 nm (ΦΔ = 0.78-1.0). Electronic structure calculations revealed the emergence of a low energy S1 (n → π*) excited state in the proximity of a slightly higher energy S2 (π → π*) excited state. The distinct character in each of the two lowest-lying singlet state manifolds resulted in the energetic inversion of the corresponding triplet excited states due to differences in electron exchange interactions. Rapid S1 → T1 intersystem crossing was thereby facilitated in this manner through spin-orbit coupling as predicted by the El Sayed rules. The lifetimes of the resultant triplet excited states persisted into the microsecond time regime, as measured by transient absorbance spectroscopy, enabling effective bimolecular triplet sensitization of some common polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The synthetically facile interchange of a single O atom to an S atom in the investigated perinones resulted in marked changes to their photophysical properties, namely, conversion of dominant singlet state fluorescence in the former to long-lived triplet excited states in the latter. The combined results suggest a general strategy for accessing long-lived triplet excited states in organic chromophores featuring a lone C═O moiety residing within its structure, valuable for the design of metal-free triplet photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Kaylee A Wells
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - James E Yarnell
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840-6230, United States
| | - Joseph M Favale
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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87
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Sardar S. Effects of site-specific substitution to hexacene and its effect towards singlet fission. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 98:107608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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88
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Papadopoulos I, Gutiérrez-Moreno D, McCosker PM, Casillas R, Keller PA, Sastre-Santos Á, Clark T, Fernández-Lázaro F, Guldi DM. Perylene-Monoimides: Singlet Fission Down-Conversion Competes with Up-Conversion by Geminate Triplet–Triplet Recombination. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5727-5736. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Gutiérrez-Moreno
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Rubén Casillas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer-Chemie-Center (CCC), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Fernández-Lázaro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avdade la Universidad s/n, Elche E-03202, Spain
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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89
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Aguilar Suarez
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F. S. J. Menger
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Theoretical Chemistry Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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90
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Zukun W, Wu R, Chen Z, Ye L, Li H, Zhu H. Ultrafast Electron Transfer Before Singlet Fission and Slow Triplet State Electron Transfer in Pentacene Single Crystal/C 60 Heterostructure. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4185-4192. [PMID: 32353232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The singlet fission (SF) process converts one high-energy singlet exciton to two low-energy triplet excitons after absorbing one photon. Organic photovoltaic devices based on the SF process have shown great potential in solar energy conversion to exceed Shockley-Queisser limit. The key to SF photovoltaic devices requires efficient electron transfer (ET) from triplet exciton after SF, which is yet to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we performed thorough photophysical studies in 6,13-Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene)/C60 heterostructures using TIPS-pentacene microsize single crystal as a well-defined model system. We show the SF process in TIPS-pentacene single crystal occurs by a two-step process, with triplet pair intermediates forming in 75 fs and then dissociating to non-interacting triplets in 1.6 ps. The SF process in single crystal is comparable to that in polycrystalline film. Importantly, we observe a considerable fraction of singlet excitons is quenched by ultrafast (<75 fs) interfacial ET prior to fission and no ET from triplet excitons in 1.5 ns time window. We confirm that the absence of ET is not limited by exciton diffusion but due to very slow (≫1.5 ns) interfacial ET from triplet exciton. The observations contradict expected singlet and triplet ET behaviors based on a simple two-state Marcus ET model and suggest long-range interfacial ET from delocalized photoexcitation. The ultrafast ET from singlet exciton before SF and slow ET from triplet exciton call for reconsideration and careful design of efficient SF photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zukun
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruihan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Centre for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
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91
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Ullrich T, Pinter P, Messelberger J, Haines P, Kaur R, Hansmann MM, Munz D, Guldi DM. Singlet Fission in Carbene-Derived Diradicaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7906-7914. [PMID: 32129920 PMCID: PMC7317569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a new class of singlet fission (SF) materials based on diradicaloids of carbene scaffolds, namely cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs). Our modular approach allows the tuning of two key SF criteria: the steric factor and the diradical character. In turn, we modified the energy landscapes of excited states in a systematic manner to accommodate the needs for SF. We report the first example of intermolecular SF in solution by dimer self-assembly at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Piermaria Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Allgemeine und Anorganische ChemieFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Julian Messelberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Allgemeine und Anorganische ChemieFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn Straße 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Allgemeine und Anorganische ChemieFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstraße 391058ErlangenGermany
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92
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Papadopoulos I, Gao Y, Hetzer C, Tykwinski RR, Guldi DM. Singlet Fission in Enantiomerically Pure Pentacene Dimers. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Constantin Hetzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Rik R. Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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93
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Huh JS, Ha YH, Kwon SK, Kim YH, Kim JJ. Design Strategy of Anthracene-Based Fluorophores toward High-Efficiency Deep Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Utilizing Triplet-Triplet Fusion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15422-15429. [PMID: 32115936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the red and green regions, conventional fluorescent emitters continue to serve as blue emitters in commercialized organic light-emitting diodes. Many researchers have studied anthracene moieties as blue emitters, given their appropriate energy levels and good emission properties. We herein report two new deep blue-emitting anthracene derivatives that include p-xylene as moieties connecting the anthracene cores to side groups. We enhanced the efficiency by maximizing triplet-triplet fusion (TTF) without sacrificing emission color. The large steric hindrance imposed by the methyl groups of p-xylene creates a perpendicular geometry between p-xylene and the neighboring aromatic rings. Any extension of π-conjugation is thus disrupted, and the isolated core anthracene moiety emits a deep blue color with a high photoluminescence quantum yield. Moreover, the extensive steric hindrance suppresses vibration and rotation because the molecules are rigid. The high horizontal dipole ratio attributable to the large aspect ratio increases the outcoupling efficiency of the emitted light. Furthermore, the charge mobility and triplet harvesting ability are enhanced by decreasing the bulkiness of the side groups. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the bulkiness of the side group significantly impacted molecular density, which in turn affected the charge transport and TTF. We used two molecules, 2PPIAn (containing a phenyl side group) and 4PPIAn (containing a terphenyl side group), to form nondoped emission layers that exhibited maximum external quantum efficiencies of 8.9 and 7.1% with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.150, 0.060) and (0.152, 0.085), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Suk Huh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Kwon
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology and ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jang-Joo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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94
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Ullrich T, Pinter P, Messelberger J, Haines P, Kaur R, Hansmann MM, Munz D, Guldi DM. Singlet Fission in Carbene‐Derived Diradicaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Piermaria Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Julian Messelberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Dominik Munz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
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95
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Spatial separation of triplet excitons drives endothermic singlet fission. Nat Chem 2020; 12:391-398. [PMID: 32123340 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that undergo singlet fission, converting singlet excitons into pairs of triplet excitons, have potential as photovoltaic materials. The possible advantages of endothermic singlet fission (enhanced use of photon energy and larger triplet energies for coupling with common absorbers) motivated us to assess the role of exciton delocalization in the activation of this process. Here we report the synthesis of a series of linear perylene oligomers that undergo endothermic singlet fission and have endothermicities in the range 5-10 kBT at room temperature in solution. We study these compounds using transient spectroscopy and modelling to unravel the singlet and triplet dynamics. We show that the minimal number of coupled chromophores needed to undergo endothermic singlet fission is three, which provides sufficient statistical space for triplet excitons to separate and avoid annihilation-and a subsequent fast return to the singlet state. Our data additionally suggest that torsional motion of chromophores about the molecular axis following triplet-pair separation contributes to the increase in entropy, thus lengthening the triplet lifetime in longer oligomers.
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96
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Han J, Xie Q, Luo J, Deng GH, Qian Y, Sun D, Harutyunyan AR, Chen G, Rao Y. Anisotropic Geminate and Non-Geminate Recombination of Triplet Excitons in Singlet Fission of Single Crystalline Hexacene. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1261-1267. [PMID: 31971388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is believed to improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion by breaking up the Shockley-Queisser thermodynamic limit. Understanding of triplet excitons generated by singlet fission is essential for solar energy exploitation. Here we employed transient absorption microscopy to examine dynamical behaviors of triplet excitons. We observed anisotropic recombination of triplet excitons in hexacene single crystals. The triplet exciton relaxations from singlet fission proceed in both geminate and non-geminate recombination. For the geminate recombination, the different rates were attributed to the significant difference in their related energy change based on the Redfield quantum dissipation theory. The process is mainly governed by the electron-phonon interaction in hexacene. On the other hand, the non-geminate recombination is of bimolecular origin through energy transfer. In the triplet-triplet bimolecular process, the rates along the two different optical axes in the a-b crystalline plane differ by a factor of 4. This anisotropy in the triplet-triplet recombination rates was attributed to the interference in the coupling probability of dipole-dipole interactions in the different geometric configurations of hexacene single crystals. Our experimental findings provide new insight into future design of singlet fission materials with desirable triplet exciton exploitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Gang-Hua Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
| | - Dezheng Sun
- Department of Physics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Avetik R Harutyunyan
- Honda Research Institute, USA, Inc. , San Jose , California 95134 , United States
| | - Gugang Chen
- Honda Research Institute, USA, Inc. , San Jose , California 95134 , United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322 , United States
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97
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Korovina NV, Pompetti NF, Johnson JC. Lessons from intramolecular singlet fission with covalently bound chromophores. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:040904. [PMID: 32007061 DOI: 10.1063/1.5135307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular dimers, oligomers, and polymers are versatile components in photophysical and optoelectronic architectures that could impact a variety of applications. We present a perspective on such systems in the field of singlet fission, which effectively multiplies excitons and produces a unique excited state species, the triplet pair. The choice of chromophore and the nature of the attachment between units, both geometrical and chemical, play a defining role in the dynamical scheme that evolves upon photoexcitation. Specific final outcomes (e.g., separated and uncorrelated triplet pairs) are being sought through rational design of covalently bound chromophore architectures built with guidance from recent fundamental studies that correlate structure with excited state population flow kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Korovina
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Nicholas F Pompetti
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Justin C Johnson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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98
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Luo X, Han Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Liang G, Liu X, Ding T, Nie C, Wang M, Castellano FN, Wu K. Mechanisms of triplet energy transfer across the inorganic nanocrystal/organic molecule interface. Nat Commun 2020; 11:28. [PMID: 31911606 PMCID: PMC6946700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of triplet energy transfer across the inorganic nanocrystal/organic molecule interface remain poorly understood. Many seemingly contradictory results have been reported, mainly because of the complicated trap states characteristic of inorganic semiconductors and the ill-defined relative energetics between semiconductors and molecules used in these studies. Here we clarify the transfer mechanisms by performing combined transient absorption and photoluminescence measurements, both with sub-picosecond time resolution, on model systems comprising lead halide perovskite nanocrystals with very low surface trap densities as the triplet donor and polyacenes which either favour or prohibit charge transfer as the triplet acceptors. Hole transfer from nanocrystals to tetracene is energetically favoured, and hence triplet transfer proceeds via a charge separated state. In contrast, charge transfer to naphthalene is energetically unfavourable and spectroscopy shows direct triplet transfer from nanocrystals to naphthalene; nonetheless, this "direct" process could also be mediated by a high-energy, virtual charge-transfer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441053, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Tao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Chengming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
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99
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Buchanan EA, Havlas Z, Michl J. Optimal Arrangements of Tetracene Molecule Pairs for Fast Singlet Fission. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
| | - Zdeněk Havlas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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100
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Herrmann C. Electronic Communication as a Transferable Property of Molecular Bridges? J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10205-10223. [PMID: 31380640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Electronic communication through molecular bridges is important for different types of experiments, such as single-molecule conductance, electron transfer, superexchange spin coupling, and intramolecular singlet fission. In many instances, the chemical structure of the bridge determines how the two parts it is connecting communicate, and does so in ways that are transferable between these different manifestations (for example, high conductance often correlates with strong antiferromagnetic spin coupling, and low conductance due to destructive quantum interference correlates with ferromagnetic coupling). Defining electronic communication as a transferable property of the bridge can help transfer knowledge between these different areas of research. Examples and limits of such transferability are discussed here, along with some possible directions for future research, such as employing spin-coupled and mixed-valence systems as structurally well-controlled proxies for understanding molecular conductance and for validating first-principles theoretical methodologies, building conceptual understanding for the growing experimental work on intramolecular singlet fission, and developing measures for the transferability of electronic communication as a bridge property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 , Hamburg 20146 , Germany
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