51
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Moo EV, Harpsøe K, Hauser AS, Masuho I, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gloriam DE, Martemyanov KA. Ligand-directed bias of G protein signaling at the dopamine D 2 receptor. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:226-238.e4. [PMID: 34302750 PMCID: PMC8770702 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of drug targets. Upon activation, GPCRs signal primarily via a diverse set of heterotrimeric G proteins. Most GPCRs can couple to several different G protein subtypes. However, how drugs act at GPCRs contributing to the selectivity of G protein recognition is poorly understood. Here, we examined the G protein selectivity profile of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2), a GPCR targeted by antipsychotic drugs. We show that D2 discriminates between six individual members of the Gi/o family, and its profile of functional selectivity is remarkably different across its ligands, which all engaged D2 with a distinct G protein coupling pattern. Using structural modeling, receptor mutagenesis, and pharmacological evaluation, we identified residues in the D2 binding pocket that shape these ligand-directed biases. We further provide pharmacogenomic evidence that natural variants in D2 differentially affect its G protein biases in response to different ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Von Moo
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E. Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirill A. Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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52
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A Real-Time, Plate-Based BRET Assay for Detection of cGMP in Primary Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031908. [PMID: 35163827 PMCID: PMC8837005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. The modulation of cGMP is important in many diseases, but reliably assaying cGMP in live cells in a plate-based format with temporal resolution is challenging. The Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor cGES-DE5 has a high temporal resolution and high selectivity for cGMP over cAMP, so we converted it to use bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), which is more compatible with plate-based assays. This BRET variant, called CYGYEL (cyclic GMP sensor using YFP-PDE5-Rluc8), was cloned into a lentiviral vector for use across different mammalian cell types. CYGYEL was characterised in HEK293T cells using the nitric oxide donor diethylamine NONOate (DEA), where it was shown to be dynamic, reversible, and able to detect cGMP with or without the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. In human primary vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, CYGYEL successfully detected cGMP mediated through either soluble or particulate guanylate cyclase using DEA or C-type natriuretic peptide, respectively. Notably, CYGYEL detected differences in kinetics and strength of signal both between ligands and between cell types. CYGYEL remained selective for cGMP over cAMP, but this selectivity was reduced compared to cGES-DE5. CYGYEL streamlines the process of cGMP detection in plate-based assays and can be used to detect cGMP activity across a range of cell types.
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53
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Merlin J, Park J, Vandekolk TH, Fabb SA, Allinne J, Summers RJ, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. Multi-pathway in vitro pharmacological characterisation of specialised pro-resolving G protein-coupled receptors (SPM-GPCRs). Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:246-256. [DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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54
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Kolb P, Kenakin T, Alexander SPH, Bermudez M, Bohn LM, Breinholt CS, Bouvier M, Hill SJ, Kostenis E, Martemyanov K, Neubig RR, Onaran HO, Rajagopal S, Roth BL, Selent J, Shukla AK, Sommer ME, Gloriam DE. Community Guidelines for GPCR Ligand Bias: IUPHAR Review XX. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3651-3674. [PMID: 35106752 PMCID: PMC7612872 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors modulate a plethora of physiological processes and mediate the effects of one-third of FDA-approved drugs. Depending on which ligand activates a receptor, it can engage different intracellular transducers. This 'biased signaling' paradigm requires that we now characterize physiological signaling not just by receptors but by ligand-receptor pairs. Ligands eliciting biased signaling may constitute better drugs with higher efficacy and fewer adverse effects. However, ligand bias is very complex, making reproducibility and description challenging. Here, we provide guidelines and terminology for any scientists to design and report ligand bias experiments. The guidelines will aid consistency and clarity, as the basic receptor research and drug discovery communities continue to advance our understanding and exploitation of ligand bias. Scientific insight, biosensors, and analytical methods are still evolving and should benefit from and contribute to the implementation of the guidelines, together improving translation from in vitro to disease-relevant in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North, Carolina, USA
| | | | - Marcel Bermudez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christian S Breinholt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephen J Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirill Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Rick R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - H Ongun Onaran
- Molecular Biology and Technology Development Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, North, Carolina, USA
| | - Jana Selent
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Martha E Sommer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Current affiliation: ISAR Bioscience Institute, Munich-Planegg, Germany
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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55
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Jones B. The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor biased agonism. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:492-510. [PMID: 33880754 PMCID: PMC8820210 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are effective treatments for type 2 diabetes as they stimulate insulin release and promote weight loss through appetite suppression. Their main side effect is nausea. All approved GLP-1 agonists are full agonists across multiple signalling pathways. However, selective engagement with specific intracellular effectors, or biased agonism, has been touted as a means to improve GLP-1 agonists therapeutic efficacy. In this review, I critically examine how GLP-1 receptor-mediated intracellular signalling is linked to physiological responses and discuss the implications of recent studies investigating the metabolic effects of biased GLP-1 agonists. Overall, there is little conclusive evidence that beneficial and adverse effects of GLP-1 agonists are attributable to distinct, nonoverlapping signalling pathways. Instead, G protein-biased GLP-1 agonists appear to achieve enhanced anti-hyperglycaemic efficacy by avoiding GLP-1 receptor desensitisation and downregulation, partly via reduced β-arrestin recruitment. This effect seemingly applies more to insulin release than to appetite regulation and nausea, possible reasons for which are discussed. At present, most evidence derives from cellular and animal studies, and more human data are required to determine whether this approach represents a genuine therapeutic advance. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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56
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Hoare SRJ, Tewson PH, Sachdev S, Connor M, Hughes TE, Quinn AM. Quantifying the Kinetics of Signaling and Arrestin Recruitment by Nervous System G-Protein Coupled Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:814547. [PMID: 35110998 PMCID: PMC8801586 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.814547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons integrate inputs over different time and space scales. Fast excitatory synapses at boutons (ms and μm), and slow modulation over entire dendritic arbors (seconds and mm) are all ultimately combined to produce behavior. Understanding the timing of signaling events mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action of therapeutics targeting the nervous system. Measuring signaling kinetics in live cells has been transformed by the adoption of fluorescent biosensors and dyes that convert biological signals into optical signals that are conveniently recorded by microscopic imaging or by fluorescence plate readers. Quantifying the timing of signaling has now become routine with the application of equations in familiar curve fitting software to estimate the rates of signaling from the waveform. Here we describe examples of the application of these methods, including (1) Kinetic analysis of opioid signaling dynamics and partial agonism measured using cAMP and arrestin biosensors; (2) Quantifying the signaling activity of illicit synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists measured using a fluorescent membrane potential dye; (3) Demonstration of multiplicity of arrestin functions from analysis of biosensor waveforms and quantification of the rates of these processes. These examples show how temporal analysis provides additional dimensions to enhance the understanding of GPCR signaling and therapeutic mechanisms in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam R. J. Hoare
- Pharmechanics LLC, Owego, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sam R. J. Hoare
| | | | - Shivani Sachdev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Katayama K, Suzuki K, Suno R, Kise R, Tsujimoto H, Iwata S, Inoue A, Kobayashi T, Kandori H. Vibrational spectroscopy analysis of ligand efficacy in human M 2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M 2R). Commun Biol 2021; 4:1321. [PMID: 34815515 PMCID: PMC8635417 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic efficacy of ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) reflects the ability of the ligand to differentially activate its receptor to cause a physiological effect. Here we use attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to examine the ligand-dependent conformational changes in the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2R). We show that different ligands affect conformational alteration appearing at the C=O stretch of amide-I band in M2R. Notably, ATR-FTIR signals strongly correlated with G-protein activation levels in cells. Together, we propose that amide-I band serves as an infrared probe to distinguish the ligand efficacy in M2R and paves the path to rationally design ligands with varied efficacy towards the target GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Katayama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsujimoto
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
- OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan.
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58
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Duarte DA, Parreiras-E-Silva LT, Oliveira EB, Bouvier M, Costa-Neto CM. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Tachyphylaxis Is Defined by Agonist Residence Time. Hypertension 2021; 79:115-125. [PMID: 34739768 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) have been reported to exhibit tachyphylaxis, which is an acute loss of functional receptor response after repeated stimuli with an agonist. GPCRs are important clinical targets for a wide range of disorders. Therefore, elucidation of the ligand features that contribute to receptor tachyphylaxis and signaling events underlying this phenomenon is important for drug discovery and development. In this study, we examined the role of ligand-binding kinetics in the tachyphylaxis of AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays to monitor signaling events under both kinetic and equilibrium conditions. We investigated AT1R signal transduction and translocation promoted by the endogenous tachyphylactic agonist Ang II (angiotensin II) and its analogs, described previously for inducing reduced receptor tachyphylaxis. Estimation of binding kinetic parameters of the ligands revealed that the residence time of Ang II was higher than that of the analogs, resulting in more sustained Gq protein activation and recruitment of β-arrestin than that promoted by the analogs. Furthermore, we observed that Ang II led to more sustained internalization of the receptor, thereby retarding its recycling to the plasma membrane and preventing further receptor responses. These results show that the apparent lack of tachyphylaxis in the studied analogs resulted from their short residence time at the AT1R. In addition, our data highlight the relevance of complete characterization of novel GPCR drug candidates, taking into account their receptor binding kinetics as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Duarte
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (D.A.D., L.T.P.-e.-S., E.B.O., C.M.C.-N.)
| | - Lucas T Parreiras-E-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (D.A.D., L.T.P.-e.-S., E.B.O., C.M.C.-N.)
| | - Eduardo B Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (D.A.D., L.T.P.-e.-S., E.B.O., C.M.C.-N.)
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (M.B.)
| | - Claudio M Costa-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (D.A.D., L.T.P.-e.-S., E.B.O., C.M.C.-N.)
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59
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Shaik AB, Boateng CA, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A, Cao J, Chen L, Chitsazi R, Ravi S, Lee KH, Shi L, Newman AH. Structure Activity Relationships for a Series of Eticlopride-Based Dopamine D 2/D 3 Receptor Bitopic Ligands. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15313-15333. [PMID: 34636551 PMCID: PMC9617622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) in complex with eticlopride inspired the design of bitopic ligands that explored (1) N-alkylation of the eticlopride's pyrrolidine ring, (2) shifting of the position of the pyrrolidine nitrogen, (3) expansion of the pyrrolidine ring system, and (4) incorporation of O-alkylations at the 4-position. Structure activity relationships (SAR) revealed that moving the N- or expanding the pyrrolidine ring was detrimental to D2R/D3R binding affinities. Small pyrrolidine N-alkyl groups were poorly tolerated, but the addition of a linker and secondary pharmacophore (SP) improved affinities. Moreover, O-alkylated analogues showed higher binding affinities compared to analogously N-alkylated compounds, e.g., O-alkylated 33 (D3R, 0.436 nM and D2R, 1.77 nM) vs the N-alkylated 11 (D3R, 6.97 nM and D2R, 25.3 nM). All lead molecules were functional D2R/D3R antagonists. Molecular models confirmed that 4-position modifications would be well-tolerated for future D2R/D3R bioconjugate tools that require long linkers and or sterically bulky groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Rezvan Chitsazi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Saiprasad Ravi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
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Mansour A, Nagi K, Dallaire P, Lukasheva V, Le Gouill C, Bouvier M, Pineyro G. Comprehensive Signaling Profiles Reveal Unsuspected Functional Selectivity of δ-Opioid Receptor Agonists and Allow the Identification of Ligands with the Greatest Potential for Inducing Cyclase Superactivation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1483-1498. [PMID: 34661070 PMCID: PMC8506601 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Prolonged exposure
to opioid receptor agonists triggers adaptations
in the adenylyl cyclase (AC) pathway that lead to enhanced production
of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) upon withdrawal. This cellular
phenomenon contributes to withdrawal symptoms, hyperalgesia and analgesic
tolerance that interfere with clinical management of chronic pain
syndromes. Since δ-opioid receptors (DOPrs) are a promising
target for chronic pain management, we were interested in finding
out if cell-based signaling profiles as generated for drug discovery
purposes could inform us of the ligand potential to induce sensitization
of the cyclase path. For this purpose, signaling of DOPr agonists
was monitored at multiple effectors. The resulting signaling profiles
revealed marked functional selectivity, particularly for Met-enkephalin
(Met-ENK) whose signaling bias profile differed from those of synthetic
ligands like SNC-80 and ARM390. Signaling diversity among ligands
was systematized by clustering agonists according to similarities
in Emax and Log(τ) values for the
different responses. The classification process revealed that the
similarity in Gα/Gβγ, but not in β-arrestin
(βarr), responses was correlated with the potential of Met-ENK,
deltorphin II, (d-penicillamine2,5)-enkephalin (DPDPE), ARM390,
and SNC-80 to enhance cAMP production, all of which required Ca2+ mobilization to produce this response. Moreover, superactivation
by Met-ENK, which was the most-effective Ca2+ mobilizing
agonist, required Gαi/o activation, availability of Gβγ
subunits at the membrane, and activation of Ca2+ effectors
such as calmodulin and protein kinase C (PKC). In contrast, superactivation by (N-(l-tyrosyl)-(3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carbonyl)-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanine (TIPP), which was set
in a distinct category through clustering, required activation of
Gαi/o subunits but was independent of the Gβγ dimer
and Ca2+ mobilization, relying instead on Src and Raf-1
to induce this cellular adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Karim Nagi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul Dallaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Viktoriya Lukasheva
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
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61
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Noble F, Marie N. Biased Opioid Ligands: Revolution or Evolution? FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:722820. [PMID: 35295469 PMCID: PMC8915667 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.722820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid are the most powerful analgesics ever but their use is still limited by deleterious side effects such as tolerance, dependence, and respiratory depression that could eventually lead to a fatal overdose. The opioid crisis, mainly occurring in north America, stimulates research on finding new opioid ligands with reduced side effects. Among them, biased ligands are likely the most promising compounds. We will review some of the latest discovered biased opioid ligands and see if they were able to fulfill these expectations.
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62
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Pharmacological Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Biased Agonists at the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189850. [PMID: 34576014 PMCID: PMC8469697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) plays a key role in reproduction through the activation of multiple signaling pathways. Low molecular weight (LMW) ligands composed of biased agonist properties are highly valuable tools to decipher complex signaling mechanisms as they allow selective activation of discrete signaling cascades. However, available LMW FSHR ligands have not been fully characterized yet. In this context, we explored the pharmacological diversity of three benzamide and two thiazolidinone derivatives compared to FSH. Concentration/activity curves were generated for Gαs, Gαq, Gαi, β-arrestin 2 recruitment, and cAMP production, using BRET assays in living cells. ERK phosphorylation was analyzed by Western blotting, and CRE-dependent transcription was assessed using a luciferase reporter assay. All assays were done in either wild-type, Gαs or β-arrestin 1/2 CRISPR knockout HEK293 cells. Bias factors were calculated for each pair of read-outs by using the operational model. Our results show that each ligand presented a discrete pharmacological efficacy compared to FSH, ranging from super-agonist for β-arrestin 2 recruitment to pure Gαs bias. Interestingly, LMW ligands generated kinetic profiles distinct from FSH (i.e., faster, slower or transient, depending on the ligand) and correlated with CRE-dependent transcription. In addition, clear system biases were observed in cells depleted of either Gαs or β-arrestin genes. Such LMW properties are useful pharmacological tools to better dissect the multiple signaling pathways activated by FSHR and assess their relative contributions at the cellular and physio-pathological levels.
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Stahl EL, Bohn LM. Low Intrinsic Efficacy Alone Cannot Explain the Improved Side Effect Profiles of New Opioid Agonists. Biochemistry 2021; 61:1923-1935. [PMID: 34468132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In a recent report in Science Signaling (Gillis, A., et al. Low intrinsic efficacy for G protein activation can explain the improved side effect profiles of new opioid agonists. Sci. Signaling 2020, 13, eaaz3140 10.1126/scisignal.aaz3140), it was suggested that low intrinsic agonism, and not biased agonism, leads to an improvement in the separation of potency in opioid-induced respiratory suppression versus antinociception. Although many of the compounds that were tested have been shown to display G protein signaling bias in prior publications, the authors conclude that because they cannot detect biased agonism in their cellular signaling studies the compounds are therefore not biased agonists. Rather, they conclude that it is low intrinsic efficacy that leads to the therapeutic window improvement. Intrinsic efficacy is the extent to which an agonist can stimulate a G protein-coupled receptor response in a system, while biased agonism takes into consideration not only the intrinsic efficacy but also the potency of an agonist in an assay. Herein, we have reanalyzed the data presented in the published work (10.1126/scisignal.aaz3140) [including the recent Erratum (10.1126/scisignal.abf9803)] to derive intrinsic efficacy and bias factors as ΔΔlog(τ/KA) and ΔΔlog(Emax/EC50), respectively. On the basis of this reanalysis, the data support the conclusion that biased agonism, favoring G protein signaling, was observed. Moreover, a conservation of rank order intrinsic efficacy was not observed upon comparing responses in each assay, further suggesting that multiple active receptor states were present. These observations agree with prior studies in which oliceridine, PZM21, and SR-17018 were first described as biased agonists with improvement in antinociception over respiratory suppression in mice. Therefore, the data in the Science Signaling paper provide strong corroborating evidence that G protein signaling bias may be a means of improving opioid analgesia while avoiding certain undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Stahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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64
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Lu S, He X, Yang Z, Chai Z, Zhou S, Wang J, Rehman AU, Ni D, Pu J, Sun J, Zhang J. Activation pathway of a G protein-coupled receptor uncovers conformational intermediates as targets for allosteric drug design. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4721. [PMID: 34354057 PMCID: PMC8342441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most common proteins targeted by approved drugs. A complete mechanistic elucidation of large-scale conformational transitions underlying the activation mechanisms of GPCRs is of critical importance for therapeutic drug development. Here, we apply a combined computational and experimental framework integrating extensive molecular dynamics simulations, Markov state models, site-directed mutagenesis, and conformational biosensors to investigate the conformational landscape of the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor) - a prototypical class A GPCR-activation. Our findings suggest a synergistic transition mechanism for AT1 receptor activation. A key intermediate state is identified in the activation pathway, which possesses a cryptic binding site within the intracellular region of the receptor. Mutation of this cryptic site prevents activation of the downstream G protein signaling and β-arrestin-mediated pathways by the endogenous AngII octapeptide agonist, suggesting an allosteric regulatory mechanism. Together, these findings provide a deeper understanding of AT1 receptor activation at an atomic level and suggest avenues for the design of allosteric AT1 receptor modulators with a broad range of applications in GPCR biology, biophysics, and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongtao Chai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhua Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Kelly B, Hollingsworth SA, Blakemore DC, Owen RM, Storer RI, Swain NA, Aydin D, Torella R, Warmus JS, Dror RO. Delineating the Ligand-Receptor Interactions That Lead to Biased Signaling at the μ-Opioid Receptor. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3696-3707. [PMID: 34251810 PMCID: PMC8317888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biased agonists, which selectively stimulate certain signaling pathways controlled by a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), hold great promise as drugs that maximize efficacy while minimizing dangerous side effects. Biased agonists of the μ-opioid receptor (μOR) are of particular interest as a means to achieve analgesia through G protein signaling without dose-limiting side effects such as respiratory depression and constipation. Rational structure-based design of biased agonists remains highly challenging, however, because the ligand-mediated interactions that are key to activation of each signaling pathway remain unclear. We identify several compounds for which the R- and S-enantiomers have distinct bias profiles at the μOR. These compounds serve as excellent comparative tools to study bias because the identical physicochemical properties of enantiomer pairs ensure that differences in bias profiles are due to differences in interactions with the μOR binding pocket. Atomic-level simulations of compounds at μOR indicate that R- and S-enantiomers adopt different poses that form distinct interactions with the binding pocket. A handful of specific interactions with highly conserved binding pocket residues appear to be responsible for substantial differences in arrestin recruitment between enantiomers. Our results offer guidance for rational design of biased agonists at μOR and possibly at related GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Kelly
- Departments of Computer Science, Molecular and
Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology & Institute for Computational and
Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305, United States
| | - Scott A. Hollingsworth
- Departments of Computer Science, Molecular and
Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology & Institute for Computational and
Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305, United States
| | - David C. Blakemore
- Pfizer Medicine Design,
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert M. Owen
- Pfizer Medicine Design, The
Portway, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K.
| | - R. Ian Storer
- Pfizer Medicine Design, The
Portway, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K.
| | - Nigel A. Swain
- Pfizer Medicine Design, The
Portway, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GS, U.K.
| | - Deniz Aydin
- Departments of Computer Science, Molecular and
Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology & Institute for Computational and
Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305, United States
| | - Rubben Torella
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 610
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph S. Warmus
- Pfizer Medicine Design,
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ron O. Dror
- Departments of Computer Science, Molecular and
Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology & Institute for Computational and
Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305, United States
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Hill R, Canals M. Experimental considerations for the assessment of in vivo and in vitro opioid pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107961. [PMID: 34256067 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Morphine and other mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists remain the mainstay treatment of acute and prolonged pain states worldwide. The major limiting factor for continued use of these current opioids is the high incidence of side effects that result in loss of life and loss of quality of life. The development of novel opioids bereft, or much less potent, at inducing these side effects remains an intensive area of research, with multiple pharmacological strategies being explored. However, as with many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), translation of promising candidates from in vitro characterisation to successful clinical candidates still represents a major challenge and attrition point. This review summarises the preclinical animal models used to evaluate the key opioid-induced behaviours of antinociception, respiratory depression, constipation and opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. We highlight the influence of distinct variables in the experimental protocols, as well as the potential implications for differences in receptor reserve in each system. Finally, we discuss how methods to assess opioid action in vivo and in vitro relate to each other in the context of bridging the translational gap in opioid drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom.
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom.
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67
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Melchior JR, Perez RE, Salimando GJ, Luchsinger JR, Basu A, Winder DG. Cocaine Augments Dopamine-Mediated Inhibition of Neuronal Activity in the Dorsal Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5876-5893. [PMID: 34035141 PMCID: PMC8265809 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0284-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) receives substantial dopaminergic input which overlaps with norepinephrine input implicated in stress responses. Using ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry in male C57BL6 mouse brain slices, we demonstrate that electrically stimulated dBNST catecholamine signals are of substantially lower magnitude and have slower uptake rates compared with caudate signals. Dopamine terminal autoreceptor activation inhibited roughly half of the catecholamine transient, and noradrenergic autoreceptor activation produced an ∼30% inhibition. Dopamine transporter blockade with either cocaine or GBR12909 significantly augmented catecholamine signal duration. We optogenetically targeted dopamine terminals in the dBNST of transgenic (TH:Cre) mice of either sex and, using ex vivo whole-cell electrophysiology, we demonstrate that optically stimulated dopamine release induces slow outward membrane currents and an associated hyperpolarization response in a subset of dBNST neurons. These cellular responses had a similar temporal profile to dopamine release, were significantly reduced by the D2/D3 receptor antagonist raclopride, and were potentiated by cocaine. Using in vivo fiber photometry in male C57BL/6 mice during training sessions for cocaine conditioned place preference, we show that acute cocaine administration results in a significant inhibition of calcium transient activity in dBNST neurons compared with saline administration. These data provide evidence for a mechanism of dopamine-mediated cellular inhibition in the dBNST and demonstrate that cocaine augments this inhibition while also decreasing net activity in the dBNST in a drug reinforcement paradigm.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) is a region highly implicated in mediating stress responses; however, the dBNST also receives dopaminergic inputs from classically defined drug reward pathways. Here we used various techniques to demonstrate that dopamine signaling within the dBNST region has inhibitory effects on population activity. We show that cocaine, an abused psychostimulant, augments both catecholamine release and dopamine-mediated cellular inhibition in this region. We also demonstrate that cocaine administration reduces population activity in the dBNST, in vivo Together, these data support a mechanism of dopamine-mediated inhibition within the dBNST, providing a means by which drug-induced elevations in dopamine signaling may inhibit dBNST activity to promote drug reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Melchior
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Rafael E Perez
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Pharmacology
| | - Gregory J Salimando
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Joseph R Luchsinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Vanderbilt J. F. Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Aakash Basu
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Danny G Winder
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
- Vanderbilt J. F. Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
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68
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Born JR, Chenniappan VK, Davis DP, Dahlin JL, Marugan JJ, Patnaik S. The Impact of Assay Design on Medicinal Chemistry: Case Studies. SLAS DISCOVERY 2021; 26:1243-1255. [PMID: 34225522 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211026238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Born
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Vinoth Kumar Chenniappan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Danielle P Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jayme L Dahlin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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69
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Sijben HJ, van Oostveen WM, Hartog PBR, Stucchi L, Rossignoli A, Maresca G, Scarabottolo L, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Label-free high-throughput screening assay for the identification of norepinephrine transporter (NET/SLC6A2) inhibitors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12290. [PMID: 34112854 PMCID: PMC8192900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human norepinephrine transporter (NET) is an established drug target for a wide range of psychiatric disorders. Conventional methods that are used to functionally characterize NET inhibitors are based on the use of radiolabeled or fluorescent substrates. These methods are highly informative, but pose limitations to either high-throughput screening (HTS) adaptation or physiologically accurate representation of the endogenous uptake events. Recently, we developed a label-free functional assay based on the activation of G protein-coupled receptors by a transported substrate, termed the TRACT assay. In this study, the TRACT assay technology was applied to NET expressed in a doxycycline-inducible HEK 293 JumpIn cell line. Three endogenous substrates of NET-norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and epinephrine (EP)-were compared in the characterization of the reference NET inhibitor nisoxetine. The resulting assay, using NE as a substrate, was validated in a manual HTS set-up with a Z' = 0.55. The inhibitory potencies of several reported NET inhibitors from the TRACT assay showed positive correlation with those from an established fluorescent substrate uptake assay. These findings demonstrate the suitability of the TRACT assay for HTS characterization and screening of NET inhibitors and provide a basis for investigation of other solute carrier transporters with label-free biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert J Sijben
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wieke M van Oostveen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter B R Hartog
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Stucchi
- Axxam S.p.A, Openzone Science Park, Bresso, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, LACDR, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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70
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Liu C, Goel P, Kaeser PS. Spatial and temporal scales of dopamine transmission. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:345-358. [PMID: 33837376 PMCID: PMC8220193 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed by diffusion for widespread receptor activation on many target cells. Yet, we are only beginning to understand the specific organization of dopamine transmission in space and time. Although some roles of dopamine are mediated by slow and diffuse signalling, recent studies suggest that certain dopamine functions necessitate spatiotemporal precision. Here, we review the literature describing dopamine signalling in the striatum, including its release mechanisms and receptor organization. We then propose the domain-overlap model, in which release and receptors are arranged relative to one another in micrometre-scale structures. This architecture is different from both point-to-point synaptic transmission and the widespread organization that is often proposed for neuromodulation. It enables the activation of receptor subsets that are within micrometre-scale domains of release sites during baseline activity and broader receptor activation with domain overlap when firing is synchronized across dopamine neuron populations. This signalling structure, together with the properties of dopamine release, may explain how switches in firing modes support broad and dynamic roles for dopamine and may lead to distinct pathway modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pragya Goel
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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71
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Buprenorphine: Far Beyond the "Ceiling". Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060816. [PMID: 34072706 PMCID: PMC8230089 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, represents an untreated disease with important repercussions on the quality of life and huge costs on the national health system. It is well known that opioids are the most powerful analgesic drugs, but they represent the second or third line in neuropathic pain, that remain difficult to manage. Moreover, these drugs show several side effects that limit their use. In addition, opioids possess addictive properties that are associated with misuse and drug abuse. Among available opioids compounds, buprenorphine has been suggested advantageous for a series of clinical reasons, including the effectiveness in neuropathic pain. Some properties are partly explained by its unique pharmacological characteristics. However, questions on the dynamic profile remain to be answered. Pharmacokinetics optimization strategies, and additional potentialities, are still to be explored. In this paper, we attempt to conceptualize the potential undiscovered dynamic profile of buprenorphine.
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72
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Bonifazi A, Battiti FO, Sanchez J, Zaidi SA, Bow E, Makarova M, Cao J, Shaik AB, Sulima A, Rice KC, Katritch V, Canals M, Lane JR, Newman AH. Novel Dual-Target μ-Opioid Receptor and Dopamine D 3 Receptor Ligands as Potential Nonaddictive Pharmacotherapeutics for Pain Management. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7778-7808. [PMID: 34011153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for safer pain-management therapies with decreased abuse liability inspired a novel drug design that retains μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated analgesia, while minimizing addictive liability. We recently demonstrated that targeting the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) with highly selective antagonists/partial agonists can reduce opioid self-administration and reinstatement to drug seeking in rodent models without diminishing antinociceptive effects. The identification of the D3R as a target for the treatment of opioid use disorders prompted the idea of generating a class of ligands presenting bitopic or bivalent structures, allowing the dual-target binding of the MOR and D3R. Structure-activity relationship studies using computationally aided drug design and in vitro binding assays led to the identification of potent dual-target leads (23, 28, and 40), based on different structural templates and scaffolds, with moderate (sub-micromolar) to high (low nanomolar/sub-nanomolar) binding affinities. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based functional studies revealed MOR agonist-D3R antagonist/partial agonist efficacies that suggest potential for maintaining analgesia with reduced opioid-abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, U.K
| | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eric Bow
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mariia Makarova
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, U.K
| | - J Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, U.K
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Parodi B, Sanna A, Cedola A, Uccelli A, Kerlero de Rosbo N. Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2, a Pleiotropically Linked Receptor for the Multiple Sclerosis Drug, Monomethyl Fumarate. Possible Implications for the Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655212. [PMID: 34084164 PMCID: PMC8167049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monomethyl fumarate (MMF), metabolite of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an immunosuppressive drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), is a potent agonist for hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2), eliciting signals that dampen cell activation or lead to inflammation such as the skin flushing reaction that is one of the main side effects of the treatment, together with gastrointestinal inflammation. Our aim is to further understand the molecular basis underlying these differential effects of the drug. We have used wild-type and HCAR2 knock-out mice to investigate, in vitro and ex vivo under steady-state and pathological conditions, the HCAR2-mediated signaling pathways activated by MMF in dendritic cells (DC), which promote differentiation of T cells, and in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) where activation of a pro-inflammatory pathway, such as the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway involved in skin flushing, could underlie gastrointestinal side effects of the drug. To understand how DMF treatment might impact on gut inflammation induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for MS, we have used 3D X-ray phase contrast tomography and flow cytometry to monitor possible intestinal alterations at morphological and immunological levels, respectively. We show that HCAR2 is a pleiotropically linked receptor for MMF, mediating activation of different pathways leading to different outcomes in different cell types, depending on experimental in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. In the small intestine of EAE-affected mice, DMF treatment affected migration of tolerogenic DC from lamina propria to mesenteric lymph nodes, and/or reverted their profile to pro-inflammatory, probably as a result of reduced expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase and transforming growth factor beta as well as the inflammatory environment. Nevertheless, DMF treatment did not amplify the morphological alterations induced by EAE. On the basis of our further understanding of MMF signaling through HCAR2, we suggest that the pleiotropic signaling of fumarate via HCAR2 should be addressed for its pharmaceutical relevance in devising new lead compounds with reduced inflammatory side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Parodi
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Uccelli
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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74
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Manning JJ, Green HM, Glass M, Finlay DB. Pharmacological selection of cannabinoid receptor effectors: Signalling, allosteric modulation and bias. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108611. [PMID: 34000272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) is a promising drug target for a wide range of diseases. However, many existing and novel candidate ligands for CB1 have shown only limited therapeutic potential. Indeed, no ligands are currently approved for the clinic except formulations of the phytocannabinoids Δ9-THC and CBD and a small number of analogues. A key limitation of many promising CB1 ligands are their on-target adverse effects, notably including psychoactivity (agonists) and depression/suicidal ideation (inverse agonists). Recent drug development attempts have therefore focussed on altering CB1 signalling profiles in two ways. Firstly, with compounds that enhance or reduce the signalling of endogenous (endo-) cannabinoids, namely allosteric modulators. Secondly, with compounds that probe the capability of selectively targeting specific cellular signalling pathways that may mediate therapeutic effects using biased ligands. This review will summarise the current paradigm of CB1 signalling in terms of the intracellular transduction pathways acted on by the receptor. The development of compounds that selectively activate CB1 signalling pathways, whether allosterically or via orthosteric agonist bias, will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Manning
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hayley M Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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75
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Roberts MJ, May LT, Keen AC, Liu B, Lam T, Charlton SJ, Rosethorne EM, Halls ML. Inhibition of the Proliferation of Human Lung Fibroblasts by Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists is Linked to a Sustained cAMP Signal in the Nucleus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669227. [PMID: 33995100 PMCID: PMC8116805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease, and current treatments are limited by their side effects. Proliferation of human lung fibroblasts in the pulmonary interstitial tissue is a hallmark of this disease and is driven by prolonged ERK signalling in the nucleus in response to growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Agents that increase cAMP have been suggested as alternative therapies, as this second messenger can inhibit the ERK cascade. We previously examined a panel of eight Gαs-cAMP-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) endogenously expressed in human lung fibroblasts. Although the cAMP response was important for the anti-fibrotic effects of GPCR agonists, the magnitude of the acute cAMP response was not predictive of anti-fibrotic efficacy. Here we examined the reason for this apparent disconnect by stimulating the Gαs-coupled prostacyclin receptor and measuring downstream signalling at a sub-cellular level. MRE-269 and treprostinil caused sustained cAMP signalling in the nucleus and complete inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. In contrast, iloprost caused a transient increase in nuclear cAMP, there was no effect of iloprost on PDGF-induced ERK in the nucleus, and this agonist was much less effective at reversing PDGF-induced proliferation. This suggests that sustained elevation of cAMP in the nucleus is necessary for efficient inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. This is an important first step towards understanding of the signalling events that drive GPCR inhibition of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine J Roberts
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Bonan Liu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Terrance Lam
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Steven J Charlton
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd., BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
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76
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Mann A, Keen AC, Mark H, Dasgupta P, Javitch JA, Canals M, Schulz S, Robert Lane J. New phosphosite-specific antibodies to unravel the role of GRK phosphorylation in dopamine D 2 receptor regulation and signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8288. [PMID: 33859231 PMCID: PMC8050214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is the target of drugs used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. The D2R is regulated through its interaction with and phosphorylation by G protein receptor kinases (GRKs) and interaction with arrestins. More recently, D2R arrestin-mediated signaling has been shown to have distinct physiological functions to those of G protein signalling. Relatively little is known regarding the patterns of D2R phosphorylation that might control these processes. We aimed to generate antibodies specific for intracellular D2R phosphorylation sites to facilitate the investigation of these mechanisms. We synthesised double phosphorylated peptides corresponding to regions within intracellular loop 3 of the hD2R and used them to raise phosphosite-specific antibodies to capture a broad screen of GRK-mediated phosphorylation. We identify an antibody specific to a GRK2/3 phosphorylation site in intracellular loop 3 of the D2R. We compared measurements of D2R phosphorylation with other measurements of D2R signalling to profile selected D2R agonists including previously described biased agonists. These studies demonstrate the utility of novel phosphosite-specific antibodies to investigate D2R regulation and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Mann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Hanka Mark
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pooja Dasgupta
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Meritxell Canals
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - J Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
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77
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Dopamine D 2 Receptor Agonist Binding Kinetics-Role of a Conserved Serine Residue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084078. [PMID: 33920848 PMCID: PMC8071183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The forward (kon) and reverse (koff) rate constants of drug–target interactions have important implications for therapeutic efficacy. Hence, time-resolved assays capable of measuring these binding rate constants may be informative to drug discovery efforts. Here, we used an ion channel activation assay to estimate the kons and koffs of four dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonists; dopamine (DA), p-tyramine, (R)- and (S)-5-OH-dipropylaminotetralin (DPAT). We further probed the role of the conserved serine S1935.42 by mutagenesis, taking advantage of the preferential interaction of (S)-, but not (R)-5-OH-DPAT with this residue. Results suggested similar koffs for the two 5-OH-DPAT enantiomers at wild-type (WT) D2R, both being slower than the koffs of DA and p-tyramine. Conversely, the kon of (S)-5-OH-DPAT was estimated to be higher than that of (R)-5-OH-DPAT, in agreement with the higher potency of the (S)-enantiomer. Furthermore, S1935.42A mutation lowered the kon of (S)-5-OH-DPAT and reduced the potency difference between the two 5-OH-DPAT enantiomers. Kinetic Kds derived from the koff and kon estimates correlated well with EC50 values for all four compounds across four orders of magnitude, strengthening the notion that our assay captured meaningful information about binding kinetics. The approach presented here may thus prove valuable for characterizing D2R agonist candidate drugs.
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78
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Chirality of Novel Bitopic Agonists Determines Unique Pharmacology at the Dopamine D3 Receptor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040570. [PMID: 33924613 PMCID: PMC8069330 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R/D3R) agonists are used as therapeutics for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other motor disorders. Selective targeting of D3R over D2R is attractive because of D3R's restricted tissue distribution with potentially fewer side-effects and its putative neuroprotective effect. However, the high sequence homology between the D2R and D3R poses a challenge in the development of D3R selective agonists. To address the ligand selectivity, bitopic ligands were designed and synthesized previously based on a potent D3R-preferential agonist PF592,379 as the primary pharmacophore (PP). This PP was attached to various secondary pharmacophores (SPs) using chemically different linkers. Here, we characterize some of these novel bitopic ligands at both D3R and D2R using BRET-based functional assays. The bitopic ligands showed varying differences in potencies and efficacies. In addition, the chirality of the PP was key to conferring improved D3R potency, selectivity, and G protein signaling bias. In particular, compound AB04-88 exhibited significant D3R over D2R selectivity, and G protein bias at D3R. This bias was consistently observed at various time-points ranging from 8 to 46 min. Together, the structure-activity relationships derived from these functional studies reveal unique pharmacology at D3R and support further evaluation of functionally biased D3R agonists for their therapeutic potential.
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79
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Slosky LM, Caron MG, Barak LS. Biased Allosteric Modulators: New Frontiers in GPCR Drug Discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:283-299. [PMID: 33581873 PMCID: PMC9797227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface receptors in the genome and the most successful family of targets of FDA-approved drugs. New frontiers in GPCR drug discovery remain, however, as achieving receptor subtype selectivity and controlling off- and on-target side effects are not always possible with classic agonist and antagonist ligands. These challenges may be overcome by focusing development efforts on allosteric ligands that confer signaling bias. Biased allosteric modulators (BAMs) are an emerging class of GPCR ligands that engage less well-conserved regulatory motifs outside the orthosteric pocket and exert pathway-specific effects on receptor signaling. The unique ways that BAMs texturize receptor signaling present opportunities to fine-tune physiology and develop safer, more selective therapeutics. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for understanding the pharmacology of BAMs, explore their therapeutic potential, and discuss strategies for their discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Slosky
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc G. Caron
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Correspondence: (L.S.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Lawrence S. Barak
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Correspondence: (L.S.B.); (M.G.C.)
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80
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Jiang S, Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas C, Tong F, Brust CA, Keenan CM, Raghav JG, Hua T, Wu S, Ho JH, Wu Y, Grim TW, Zvonok N, Thakur GA, Liu ZJ, Sharkey KA, Bohn LM, Nikas SP, Makriyannis A. Novel Functionalized Cannabinoid Receptor Probes: Development of Exceptionally Potent Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3870-3884. [PMID: 33761251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of novel cannabinergic probes that can stabilize the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) through tight binding interactions. Ligand design involves the introduction of select groups at a judiciously chosen position within the classical hexahydrocannabinol template (monofunctionalized probes). Such groups include the electrophilic isothiocyanato, the photoactivatable azido, and the polar cyano moieties. These groups can also be combined to produce bifunctionalized probes potentially capable of interacting at two distinct sites within the CBR-binding domains. These novel compounds display remarkably high binding affinities for CBRs and are exceptionally potent agonists. A key ligand (27a, AM11245) exhibits exceptionally high potency in both in vitro and in vivo assays and was designated as "megagonist," a property attributed to its tight binding profile. By acting both centrally and peripherally, 27a distinguishes itself from our previously reported "megagonist" AM841, whose functions are restricted to the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christina A Brust
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Catherine M Keenan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | | | - Jo-Hao Ho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Travis W Grim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | | | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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81
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Arsova A, Møller TC, Hellyer SD, Vedel L, Foster SR, Hansen JL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gregory KJ. Positive Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as Tool Compounds to Study Signaling Bias. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:328-341. [PMID: 33602724 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive impairments. However, positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agonist activity has been associated with adverse side effects, and neurotoxicity has also been observed for pure PAMs. The structural and pharmacological basis of therapeutic versus adverse mGlu5 PAM in vivo effects remains unknown. Thus, gaining insights into the signaling fingerprints, as well as the binding kinetics of structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs, may help in the rational design of compounds with desired properties. We assessed the binding and signaling profiles of N-methyl-5-(phenylethynyl)pyrimidin-2-amine (MPPA), 3-cyano-N-(2,5-diphenylpyrazol-3-yl)benzamide (CDPPB), and 1-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-pyridylmethoxy)ethenone [compound 2c, a close analog of 1-(4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)ethanone] in human embryonic kidney 293A cells stably expressing mGlu5 using Ca2+ mobilization, inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and receptor internalization assays. Of the three allosteric ligands, only CDPPB had intrinsic agonist efficacy, and it also had the longest receptor residence time and highest affinity. MPPA was a biased PAM, showing higher positive cooperativity with orthosteric agonists in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation and receptor internalization. In primary cortical neurons, all three PAMs showed stronger positive cooperativity with (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) in Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation. Our characterization of three structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs provides further molecular pharmacological insights and presents the first assessment of PAM-mediated mGlu5 internalization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Enhancing metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) activity is a promising strategy to treat cognitive and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. It is increasingly evident that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu5 are not all equal in preclinical models; there remains a need to better understand the molecular pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs. This study reports detailed characterization of the binding and functional pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs and is the first study of the effects of mGlu5 PAMs on receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arsova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Jakob L Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
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82
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Onaran HO, Costa T. Conceptual and experimental issues in biased agonism. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109955. [PMID: 33607257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the theoretical and experimental foundations for assessing agonism in the context of signalling bias in GPCRs. We show that the formulation of efficacy in classical receptor theory and the definition of ligand-induced allosteric effect in chemical thermodynamics are coincident measures of agonism, only if we recognize that the classical model cannot be considered as a mechanistic description of the physicochemical events underlying ligand-receptor signalling. It represents instead a mathematical tool, fortuitously capable of extracting efficacy information from concentration-dependent functional data, where both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent information are present. We also assert that dissecting efficacy from affinity, as originally advocated in classical theory, is imperative for understanding the molecular property underlying agonism, and the biased agonism that leads to preferential formation of diverse GPCR-transducer complexes. Finally, we argue that beyond the assumed translational value of functional selectivity (i.e. signalling bias), the identification of ligands with true bias of efficacy is of fundamental importance for unravelling the conformational space that determines the complex functional chemistry of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ongun Onaran
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Technology Development Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
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83
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Deganutti G, Barkan K, Preti B, Leuenberger M, Wall M, Frenguelli BG, Lochner M, Ladds G, Reynolds CA. Deciphering the Agonist Binding Mechanism to the Adenosine A1 Receptor. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:314-326. [PMID: 33615181 PMCID: PMC7887845 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite being among the most characterized G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), adenosine receptors (ARs) have always been a difficult target in drug design. To date, no agonist other than the natural effector and the diagnostic regadenoson has been approved for human use. Recently, the structure of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) was determined in the active, Gi protein complexed state; this has important repercussions for structure-based drug design. Here, we employed supervised molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis experiments to extend the structural knowledge of the binding of selective agonists to A1R. Our results identify new residues involved in the association and dissociation pathway, they suggest the binding mode of N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) related ligands, and they highlight the dramatic effect that chemical modifications can have on the overall binding mechanism, paving the way for the rational development of a structure-kinetics relationship of A1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre
for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life
Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry CV1 5FB, U.K.
| | - Kerry Barkan
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Barbara Preti
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Leuenberger
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Wall
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Bruno G. Frenguelli
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Reynolds
- Centre
for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life
Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry CV1 5FB, U.K.
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84
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Yang D, Zhou Q, Labroska V, Qin S, Darbalaei S, Wu Y, Yuliantie E, Xie L, Tao H, Cheng J, Liu Q, Zhao S, Shui W, Jiang Y, Wang MW. G protein-coupled receptors: structure- and function-based drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:7. [PMID: 33414387 PMCID: PMC7790836 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most successful therapeutic target families, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have experienced a transformation from random ligand screening to knowledge-driven drug design. We are eye-witnessing tremendous progresses made recently in the understanding of their structure-function relationships that facilitated drug development at an unprecedented pace. This article intends to provide a comprehensive overview of this important field to a broader readership that shares some common interests in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Viktorija Labroska
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanaz Darbalaei
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Elita Yuliantie
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Linshan Xie
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China.
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85
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Ma X, Leurs R, Vischer HF. NanoLuc-Based Methods to Measure β-Arrestin2 Recruitment to G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2268:233-248. [PMID: 34085273 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1221-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic β-arrestins are key regulators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by sterically uncoupling G protein activation, facilitating receptor internalization, and/or acting as G protein-independent signaling scaffolds. The current awareness that GPCR ligands may display bias toward G protein signaling or β-arrestin recruitment makes β-arrestin recruitment assays important additions to the drug discovery toolbox. This chapter describes two NanoLuc-based methods to monitor β-arrestin2 recruitment to the human histamine H1 receptor by measuring bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and enzyme-fragment complementation in real-time on living cells with reasonable high throughput. In addition to the detection of agonism, both assay formats can be used to qualitatively evaluate the binding kinetics of antihistamines on the human histamine H1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ma
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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86
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Oberhauser L, Stoeber M. Biosensors Monitor Ligand-Selective Effects at Kappa Opioid Receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 271:65-82. [PMID: 33387066 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for pain and itch treatment. There is growing interest in biased agonists that preferentially activate select signaling pathways downstream of KOR activation on the cellular level due to their therapeutic promise in retaining the analgesic and antipruritic effects and eliminating the sedative and dysphoric effects of KOR signaling on the physiological level. The concept of ligand-selective signaling includes that biased ligands promote KOR to selectively recruit one transducer or regulator protein over another, introducing bias into the signaling cascade at the very receptor-proximal level. Measuring agonist effects directly at the receptor has remained challenging and previous studies have focused on inferring agonist-selective KOR engagement with G protein relative to β-arrestin based on downstream signaling readouts. Here we discuss novel strategies to directly assess ligand-selective effects on receptor activation using KOR-interacting biosensors. The conformation-specific cytoplasmic biosensors are disconnected from the endogenous signaling machinery and provide a direct receptor-proxy readout of ligand effects in living cells. Receptor-biosensor interaction is ligand concentration dependent and can be used to determine relative ligand potency and efficacy. In addition, the biosensors reveal the existence of two dimensions of agonist bias in the cellular context: Firstly, agonists can selectively produce discrete protein-engaged KOR states and secondly, agonists can differ in the precise subcellular location at which they activate KOR. We discuss the value and the limitations of using orthogonal receptor-interacting biosensors in the quest to understand functional selectivity amongst KOR agonists in the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Oberhauser
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Stoeber
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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87
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Tóth AD, Garger D, Prokop S, Soltész-Katona E, Várnai P, Balla A, Turu G, Hunyady L. A general method for quantifying ligand binding to unmodified receptors using Gaussia luciferase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100366. [PMID: 33545176 PMCID: PMC7950324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable measurement of ligand binding to cell surface receptors is of outstanding biological and pharmacological importance. Resonance energy transfer-based assays are powerful approaches to achieve this goal, but the currently available methods are hindered by the necessity of receptor tagging, which can potentially alter ligand binding properties. Therefore, we developed a tag-free system to measure ligand‒receptor interactions in live cells using the Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) as a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer donor. GLuc is as small as the commonly applied Nanoluciferase but has enhanced brightness, and its proper substrate is the frequently used coelenterazine. In our assay, bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer is detected between a GLuc-based extracellular surface biosensor and fluorescent ligands bound to their unmodified receptors. The broad spectrum of applications includes equilibrium and kinetic ligand binding measurements for both labeled and competitive unlabeled ligands, and the assay can be utilized for different classes of plasma membrane receptors. Furthermore, the assay is suitable for high-throughput screening, as evidenced by the identification of novel α1 adrenergic receptor ligands. Our data demonstrate that GLuc-based biosensors provide a simple, sensitive, and cost-efficient platform for drug characterization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Dávid Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Garger
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanne Prokop
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Várnai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Balla
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Turu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary.
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88
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Dijon NC, Nesheva DN, Holliday ND. Luciferase Complementation Approaches to Measure GPCR Signaling Kinetics and Bias. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2268:249-274. [PMID: 34085274 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1221-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the kinetic contributions to G protein-coupled receptor pharmacology and signaling is increasingly important in compound profiling. Nonequilibrium conditions are commonly present in vivo, for example, as the drug competes with dynamic changes in hormone or neurotransmitter concentration for the receptor. Under such conditions individual binding kinetic properties of the ligands can influence duration of action, local ligand concentration, and functional properties such as the degree of insurmountable inhibition. Mapping the kinetic patterns of GPCR signaling events elicited by agonists, rather than a peak response at a single timepoint, is often key to predicting their functional impact. This is also a path to a better understanding of the origins of ligand bias, and whether such ligands demonstrate their effects through selection of distinct GPCR conformations, or via their kinetic properties. Recent developments in complementation approaches, based on a small bright shrimp luciferase Nanoluc, provide a new route to kinetic analysis of GPCR signaling in living cells that is amenable to the throughput required for compound profiling. In the NanoBiT luciferase complementation system, GPCRs and effector proteins are tagged with Nanoluc fragments optimized for their low interacting affinity and stability. The interactions brought about by GPCR recruitment of the effector are reproduced by a rapid and reversible increase in NanoBiT luminescence, in the presence of its substrate furimazine. Here we discuss the methods for optimizing and validating the GPCR NanoBiT assays, and protocols for their application to study endpoint and kinetic aspects of agonist and antagonist pharmacology. We also describe how timecourse families of agonist concentration response curves, derived from a single NanoBiT assay experiment, can be used to evaluate the kinetic components in operational model derived parameters of ligand bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Dijon
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Desislava N Nesheva
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Excellerate Bioscience, Biocity, Nottingham, UK.
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89
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Pineyro G, Nagi K. Signaling diversity of mu- and delta- opioid receptor ligands: Re-evaluating the benefits of β-arrestin/G protein signaling bias. Cell Signal 2020; 80:109906. [PMID: 33383156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Opioid analgesics are elective for treating moderate to severe pain but their use is restricted by severe side effects. Signaling bias has been proposed as a viable means for improving this situation. To exploit this opportunity, continuous efforts are devoted to understand how ligand-specific modulations of receptor functions could mediate the different in vivo effects of opioids. Advances in the field have led to the development of biased agonists based on hypotheses that allocated desired and undesired effects to specific signaling pathways. However, the prevalent hypothesis associating β-arrestin to opioid side effects was recently challenged and multiple of the newly developed biased drugs may not display the superior side effects profile that was sought. Moreover, biased agonism at opioid receptors is now known to be time- and cell-dependent, which adds a new layer of complexity for bias estimation. Here, we first review the signaling mechanisms underlying desired and undesired effects of opioids. We then describe biased agonism at opioid receptors and discuss the different perspectives that support the desired and undesired effects of opioids in view of exploiting biased signaling for therapeutic purposes. Finally, we explore how signaling kinetics and cellular background can influence the magnitude and directionality of bias at those receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Pineyro
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine research center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Karim Nagi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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90
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Piekielna-Ciesielska J, Artali R, Azzam AAH, Lambert DG, Kluczyk A, Gentilucci L, Janecka A. Pharmacological Characterization of µ-Opioid Receptor Agonists with Biased G Protein or β-Arrestin Signaling, and Computational Study of Conformational Changes during Receptor Activation. Molecules 2020; 26:E13. [PMID: 33375124 PMCID: PMC7792944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, G protein vs. β-arrestin biased agonism at opioid receptors has been proposed as an opportunity to produce antinociception with reduced adverse effects. However, at present this approach is highly debated, a reason why more information about biased ligands is required. While the practical relevance of bias in the case of µ-opioid receptors (MOP) still needs to be validated, it remains important to understand the basis of this bias of MOP (and other GPCRs). Recently, we reported two cyclopeptides with high affinity for MOP, the G protein biased Dmt-c[d-Lys-Phe-pCF3-Phe-Asp]NH2 (F-81), and the β-arrestin 2 biased Dmt-c[d-Lys-Phe-Asp]NH2 (C-33), as determined by calcium mobilization assay and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based assay. The biased character of F-81 and C-33 has been further analyzed in the [35S]GTPγS binding assay in human MOP-expressing cells, and the PathHunter enzyme complementation assay, used to measure β-arrestin 2 recruitment. To investigate the structural features of peptide-MOP complexes, we performed conformational analysis by NMR spectroscopy, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. These studies predicted that the two ligands form alternative complexes with MOP, engaging specific ligand-receptor contacts. This would induce different displays of the cytosolic side of the seven-helices bundle, in particular by stabilizing different angulations of helix 6, that could favor intracellular coupling to either G protein or β-arrestin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Artali
- Scientia Advice, di Roberto Artali, Desio, 20832 Monza and Brianza, Italy;
| | - Ammar A. H. Azzam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE27LX, UK; (A.A.H.A.); (D.G.L.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon 51002, Iraq
| | - David G. Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE27LX, UK; (A.A.H.A.); (D.G.L.)
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
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91
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Calebiro D, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, Miljus T, O'Brien S. G protein-coupled receptor-G protein interactions: a single-molecule perspective. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:857-906. [PMID: 33331229 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many cellular and physiological processes, responding to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and light. Decades of biochemical and pharmacological studies have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms of GPCR signaling. Thanks to recent advances in structural biology, we now possess an atomistic understanding of receptor activation and G protein coupling. However, how GPCRs and G proteins interact in living cells to confer signaling efficiency and specificity remains insufficiently understood. The development of advanced optical methods, including single-molecule microscopy, has provided the means to study receptors and G proteins in living cells with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. The results of these studies reveal an unexpected level of complexity, whereby GPCRs undergo transient interactions among themselves as well as with G proteins and structural elements of the plasma membrane to form short-lived signaling nanodomains that likely confer both rapidity and specificity to GPCR signaling. These findings may provide new strategies to pharmaceutically modulate GPCR function, which might eventually pave the way to innovative drugs for common diseases such as diabetes or heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Miljus
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Nottingham and Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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92
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Allikalt A, Purkayastha N, Flad K, Schmidt MF, Tabor A, Gmeiner P, Hübner H, Weikert D. Fluorescent ligands for dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21842. [PMID: 33318558 PMCID: PMC7736868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent ligands are versatile tools for the study of G protein-coupled receptors. Depending on the fluorophore, they can be used for a range of different applications, including fluorescence microscopy and bioluminescence or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET or FRET) assays. Starting from phenylpiperazines and indanylamines, privileged scaffolds for dopamine D2-like receptors, we developed dansyl-labeled fluorescent ligands that are well accommodated in the binding pockets of D2 and D3 receptors. These receptors are the target proteins for the therapy for several neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. The dansyl-labeled ligands exhibit binding affinities up to 0.44 nM and 0.29 nM at D2R and D3R, respectively. When the dansyl label was exchanged for sterically more demanding xanthene or cyanine dyes, fluorescent ligands 10a-c retained excellent binding properties and, as expected from their indanylamine pharmacophore, acted as agonists at D2R. While the Cy3B-labeled ligand 10b was used to visualize D2R and D3R on the surface of living cells by total internal reflection microscopy, ligand 10a comprising a rhodamine label showed excellent properties in a NanoBRET binding assay at D3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Allikalt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nirupam Purkayastha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Khajidmaa Flad
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Tabor
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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93
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Jones B, McGlone ER, Fang Z, Pickford P, Corrêa IR, Oishi A, Jockers R, Inoue A, Kumar S, Görlitz F, Dunsby C, French PMW, Rutter GA, Tan T, Tomas A, Bloom SR. Genetic and biased agonist-mediated reductions in β-arrestin recruitment prolong cAMP signaling at glucagon family receptors. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100133. [PMID: 33268378 PMCID: PMC7948418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors for the peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1R), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIPR), and glucagon (GCGR) are important regulators of insulin secretion and energy metabolism. GLP-1R agonists have been successfully deployed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but it has been suggested that their efficacy is limited by target receptor desensitization and downregulation due to recruitment of β-arrestins. Indeed, recently described GLP-1R agonists with reduced β-arrestin-2 recruitment have delivered promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. We therefore aimed to determine if the same phenomenon could apply to the closely related GIPR and GCGR. In HEK293 cells depleted of both β-arrestin isoforms the duration of G protein–dependent cAMP/PKA signaling was increased in response to the endogenous ligand for each receptor. Moreover, in wildtype cells, “biased” GLP-1, GCG, and GIP analogs with selective reductions in β-arrestin-2 recruitment led to reduced receptor endocytosis and increased insulin secretion over a prolonged stimulation period, although the latter effect was only seen at high agonist concentrations. Biased GCG analogs increased the duration of cAMP signaling, but this did not lead to increased glucose output from hepatocytes. Our study provides a rationale for the development of GLP-1R, GIPR, and GCGR agonists with reduced β-arrestin recruitment, but further work is needed to maximally exploit this strategy for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma Rose McGlone
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zijian Fang
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Pickford
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Atsuro Oishi
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Görlitz
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M W French
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tricia Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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94
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Kenakin T. Biased signaling as allosteric probe dependence. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109844. [PMID: 33242565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Signaling 'bias' is a phenomenon whereby the natural allosteric probe dependence of seven transmembrane receptors allows different receptor conformations (stabilized by different agonists) to activate some signaling pathways (coupled to pleiotropically coupled receptors) more than others at the expense of those other pathways. There are a number of relevant scenarios where such an activity could be therapeutically beneficial therefore there are practical reasons why this property of receptors should be exploited. This paper discusses recent ideas around attempts to harness this potentially useful idea and also the limitations around the current methods available to do so. Specifically, the determination of a quantitative value for the receptor bias of a given agonist that may translate to useful in vivo has been particularly elusive and studies need to be directed to solving this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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95
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Pacull EM, Sendker F, Bernhard F, Scheidt HA, Schmidt P, Huster D, Krug U. Integration of Cell-Free Expression and Solid-State NMR to Investigate the Dynamic Properties of Different Sites of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:562113. [PMID: 33324203 PMCID: PMC7723455 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.562113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free expression represents an attractive method to produce large quantities of selectively labeled protein for NMR applications. Here, cell-free expression was used to label specific regions of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) with NMR-active isotopes. The GHSR is a member of the class A family of G protein-coupled receptors. A cell-free expression system was established to produce the GHSR in the precipitated form. The solubilized receptor was refolded in vitro and reconstituted into DMPC lipid membranes. Methionines, arginines, and histidines were chosen for 13C-labeling as they are representative for the transmembrane domains, the loops and flanking regions of the transmembrane α-helices, and the C-terminus of the receptor, respectively. The dynamics of the isotopically labeled residues was characterized by solid-state NMR measuring motionally averaged 1H-13C dipolar couplings, which were converted into molecular order parameters. Separated local field DIPSHIFT experiments under magic-angle spinning conditions using either varying cross polarization contact times or direct excitation provided order parameters for these residues showing that the C-terminus was the segment with the highest motional amplitude. The loop regions and helix ends as well as the transmembrane regions of the GHSR represent relatively rigid segments in the overall very flexible receptor molecule. Although no site resolution could be achieved in the experiments, the previously reported highly dynamic character of the receptor concluded from uniformly 13C labeled receptor samples could be further specified by this segmental labeling approach, leading to a more diversified understanding of the receptor dynamics under equilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne M Pacull
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Sendker
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Bernhard
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Holger A Scheidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Krug
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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96
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Ricart-Ortega M, Berizzi AE, Pereira V, Malhaire F, Catena J, Font J, Gómez-Santacana X, Muñoz L, Zussy C, Serra C, Rovira X, Goudet C, Llebaria A. Mechanistic Insights into Light-Driven Allosteric Control of GPCR Biological Activity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:883-895. [PMID: 33073188 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), including the metabotrobic glutamate 5 receptor (mGlu5), are important therapeutic targets and the development of allosteric ligands for targeting GPCRs has become a desirable approach toward modulating receptor activity. Traditional pharmacological approaches toward modulating GPCR activity are still limited since precise spatiotemporal control of a ligand is lost as soon as it is administered. Photopharmacology proposes the use of photoswitchable ligands to overcome this limitation, since their activity can be reversibly controlled by light with high precision. As this is still a growing field, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the light-induced changes of different photoswitchable ligand pharmacology is suboptimal. For this reason, we have studied the mechanisms of action of alloswitch-1 and MCS0331; two freely diffusible, mGlu5 phenylazopyridine photoswitchable negative allosteric modulators. We combined photochemical, cell-based, and in vivo photopharmacological approaches to investigate the effects of trans-cis azobenzene photoisomerization on the functional activity and binding ability of these ligands to the mGlu5 allosteric pocket. From these results, we conclude that photoisomerization can take place inside and outside the ligand binding pocket, and this leads to a reversible loss in affinity, in part, due to changes in dissociation rates from the receptor. Ligand activity for both photoswitchable ligands deviates from high-affinity mGlu5 negative allosteric modulation (in the trans configuration) to reduced affinity for the mGlu5 in their cis configuration. Importantly, this mechanism translates to dynamic and reversible control over pain following local injection and illumination of negative allosteric modulators into a brain region implicated in pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ricart-Ortega
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Synthesis, Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.,IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Alice E Berizzi
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Vanessa Pereira
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Malhaire
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Juanlo Catena
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Synthesis, Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Joan Font
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lourdes Muñoz
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Synthesis, Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.,SIMchem, Service of Synthesis of High Added Value Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Charleine Zussy
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Carmen Serra
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Synthesis, Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.,SIMchem, Service of Synthesis of High Added Value Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Xavier Rovira
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Synthesis, Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Cyril Goudet
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Synthesis, Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain.,SIMchem, Service of Synthesis of High Added Value Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
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97
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Cao D, Huang P, Chiu YT, Chen C, Wang H, Li M, Zheng Y, Ehlert FJ, Zhang Y, Liu-Chen LY. Comparison of Pharmacological Properties between the Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist Nalfurafine and 42B, Its 3-Dehydroxy Analogue: Disconnect between in Vitro Agonist Bias and in Vivo Pharmacological Effects. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3036-3050. [PMID: 32897695 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nalfurafine, a moderately selective kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, is used in Japan for treatment of itch without causing dysphoria or psychotomimesis. Here we characterized the pharmacology of compound 42B, a 3-dehydroxy analogue of nalfurafine and compared with that of nalfurafine. Nalfurafine and 42B acted as full KOR agonists and partial μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, but 42B showed much lower potency for both receptors and lower KOR/MOR selectivity, different from previous reports. Molecular modeling revealed that water-mediated hydrogen-bond formation between 3-OH of nalfurafine and KOR accounted for its higher KOR potency than 42B. The higher potency of both at KOR over MOR may be due to hydrogen-bond formation between nonconserved Y7.35 of KOR and their carbonyl groups. Both showed modest G protein signaling biases. In mice, like nalfurafine, 42B produced antinociceptive and antiscratch effects and did not cause conditioned place aversion (CPA) in the effective dose ranges. Unlike nalfurafine, 42B caused motor incoordination and hypolocomotion. As both agonists showed G protein biases, yet produced different effects on locomotor activity and motor incoordination, the findings and those in the literature suggest caution in correlating in vitro biochemical data with in vivo behavior effects. The factors contributing to the disconnect, including pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic issues, are discussed. In addition, our results suggest that among the KOR-induced adverse behaviors, CPA can be separated from motor incoordination and hypolocomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Yi-Ting Chiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Chongguang Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Mengchu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Frederick J. Ehlert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
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98
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Darbalaei S, Yuliantie E, Dai A, Chang R, Zhao P, Yang D, Wang MW, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Evaluation of biased agonism mediated by dual agonists of the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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99
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Sarott RC, Westphal MV, Pfaff P, Korn C, Sykes DA, Gazzi T, Brennecke B, Atz K, Weise M, Mostinski Y, Hompluem P, Koers E, Miljuš T, Roth NJ, Asmelash H, Vong MC, Piovesan J, Guba W, Rufer AC, Kusznir EA, Huber S, Raposo C, Zirwes EA, Osterwald A, Pavlovic A, Moes S, Beck J, Benito-Cuesta I, Grande T, Ruiz de Martı N Esteban S, Yeliseev A, Drawnel F, Widmer G, Holzer D, van der Wel T, Mandhair H, Yuan CY, Drobyski WR, Saroz Y, Grimsey N, Honer M, Fingerle J, Gawrisch K, Romero J, Hillard CJ, Varga ZV, van der Stelt M, Pacher P, Gertsch J, McCormick PJ, Ullmer C, Oddi S, Maccarrone M, Veprintsev DB, Nazaré M, Grether U, Carreira EM. Development of High-Specificity Fluorescent Probes to Enable Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Studies in Living Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16953-16964. [PMID: 32902974 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) holds promise for the treatment of numerous conditions, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, pain, and cancer. Despite the significance of this receptor, researchers lack reliable tools to address questions concerning the expression and complex mechanism of CB2R signaling, especially in cell-type and tissue-dependent contexts. Herein, we report for the first time a versatile ligand platform for the modular design of a collection of highly specific CB2R fluorescent probes, used successfully across applications, species, and cell types. These include flow cytometry of endogenously expressing cells, real-time confocal microscopy of mouse splenocytes and human macrophages, as well as FRET-based kinetic and equilibrium binding assays. High CB2R specificity was demonstrated by competition experiments in living cells expressing CB2R at native levels. The probes were effectively applied to FACS analysis of microglial cells derived from a mouse model relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman C Sarott
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias V Westphal
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Pfaff
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Korn
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David A Sykes
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Thais Gazzi
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Brennecke
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Atz
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie Weise
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yelena Mostinski
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pattarin Hompluem
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Eline Koers
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Tamara Miljuš
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Nicolas J Roth
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England
| | - Hermon Asmelash
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England
| | - Man C Vong
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jacopo Piovesan
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Wolfgang Guba
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne C Rufer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric A Kusznir
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylwia Huber
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catarina Raposo
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth A Zirwes
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Osterwald
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anto Pavlovic
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Moes
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Beck
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene Benito-Cuesta
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Grande
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alexei Yeliseev
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Faye Drawnel
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Widmer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Holzer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harpreet Mandhair
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yin Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - William R Drobyski
- Department of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Yurii Saroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natasha Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Honer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Fingerle
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Gawrisch
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Julian Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States.,HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pal Pacher
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter J McCormick
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England
| | - Christoph Ullmer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Oddi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.,European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy.,Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie FMP, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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100
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Tran T, Mitra J, Ha T, Kavran JM. Increasing kinase domain proximity promotes MST2 autophosphorylation during Hippo signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16166-16179. [PMID: 32994222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in developmental biology, mediating organ size by controlling cell proliferation through the activity of a core kinase cassette. Multiple upstream events activate the pathway, but how each controls this core kinase cassette is not fully understood. Activation of the core kinase cassette begins with phosphorylation of the kinase MST1/2 (also known as STK3/4). Here, using a combination of in vitro biochemistry and cell-based assays, including chemically induced dimerization and single-molecule pulldown, we revealed that increasing the proximity of adjacent kinase domains, rather than formation of a specific protein assembly, is sufficient to trigger autophosphorylation. We validate this mechanism in cells and demonstrate that multiple events associated with the active pathway, including SARAH domain-mediated homodimerization, membrane recruitment, and complex formation with the effector protein SAV1, each increase the kinase domain proximity and autophosphorylation of MST2. Together, our results reveal that multiple and distinct upstream signals each utilize the same common molecular mechanism to stimulate MST2 autophosphorylation. This mechanism is likely conserved among MST2 homologs. Our work also highlights potential differences in Hippo signal propagation between each activating event owing to differences in the dynamics and regulation of each protein ensemble that triggers MST2 autophosphorylation and possible redundancy in activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaba Mitra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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