51
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Okuda KS, Hogan BM. Endothelial Cell Dynamics in Vascular Development: Insights From Live-Imaging in Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2020; 11:842. [PMID: 32792978 PMCID: PMC7387577 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of the vertebrate vasculature involves the acquisition of endothelial cell identities, sprouting, migration, remodeling and maturation of functional vessel networks. To understand the cellular and molecular processes that drive vascular development, live-imaging of dynamic cellular events in the zebrafish embryo have proven highly informative. This review focusses on recent advances, new tools and new insights from imaging studies in vascular cell biology using zebrafish as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide S Okuda
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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52
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Fonseca CG, Barbacena P, Franco CA. Endothelial cells on the move: dynamics in vascular morphogenesis and disease. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:H29-H43. [PMID: 32935077 PMCID: PMC7487603 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vascular system is a hierarchically organized network of blood vessels that play crucial roles in embryogenesis, homeostasis and disease. Blood vessels are built by endothelial cells – the cells lining the interior of blood vessels – through a process named vascular morphogenesis. Endothelial cells react to different biomechanical signals in their environment by adjusting their behavior to: (1) invade, proliferate and fuse to form new vessels (angiogenesis); (2) remodel, regress and establish a hierarchy in the network (patterning); and (3) maintain network stability (quiescence). Each step involves the coordination of endothelial cell differentiation, proliferation, polarity, migration, rearrangements and shape changes to ensure network integrity and an efficient barrier between blood and tissues. In this review, we highlighted the relevance and the mechanisms involving endothelial cell migration during different steps of vascular morphogenesis. We further present evidence on how impaired endothelial cell dynamics can contribute to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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53
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Sidhwani P, Leerberg DM, Boezio GLM, Capasso TL, Yang H, Chi NC, Roman BL, Stainier DYR, Yelon D. Cardiac function modulates endocardial cell dynamics to shape the cardiac outflow tract. Development 2020; 147:dev185900. [PMID: 32439760 PMCID: PMC7328156 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces are important participants in the cellular dynamics that shape developing organs. During heart formation, for example, contractility and blood flow generate biomechanical cues that influence patterns of cell behavior. Here, we address the interplay between function and form during the assembly of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), a crucial connection between the heart and vasculature that develops while circulation is under way. In zebrafish, we find that the OFT expands via accrual of both endocardial and myocardial cells. However, when cardiac function is disrupted, OFT endocardial growth ceases, accompanied by reduced proliferation and reduced addition of cells from adjacent vessels. The flow-responsive TGFβ receptor Acvrl1 is required for addition of endocardial cells, but not for their proliferation, indicating distinct modes of function-dependent regulation for each of these essential cell behaviors. Together, our results indicate that cardiac function modulates OFT morphogenesis by triggering endocardial cell accumulation that induces OFT lumen expansion and shapes OFT dimensions. Moreover, these morphogenetic mechanisms provide new perspectives regarding the potential causes of cardiac birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sidhwani
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dena M Leerberg
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Teresa L Capasso
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, and Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, and Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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54
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Campinho P, Vilfan A, Vermot J. Blood Flow Forces in Shaping the Vascular System: A Focus on Endothelial Cell Behavior. Front Physiol 2020; 11:552. [PMID: 32581842 PMCID: PMC7291788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is the cell monolayer that lines the interior of the blood vessels separating the vessel lumen where blood circulates, from the surrounding tissues. During embryonic development, endothelial cells (ECs) must ensure that a tight barrier function is maintained whilst dynamically adapting to the growing vascular tree that is being formed and remodeled. Blood circulation generates mechanical forces, such as shear stress and circumferential stretch that are directly acting on the endothelium. ECs actively respond to flow-derived mechanical cues by becoming polarized, migrating and changing neighbors, undergoing shape changes, proliferating or even leaving the tissue and changing identity. It is now accepted that coordinated changes at the single cell level drive fundamental processes governing vascular network morphogenesis such as angiogenic sprouting, network pruning, lumen formation, regulation of vessel caliber and stability or cell fate transitions. Here we summarize the cell biology and mechanics of ECs in response to flow-derived forces, discuss the latest advances made at the single cell level with particular emphasis on in vivo studies and highlight potential implications for vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Campinho
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Andrej Vilfan
- Department of Living Matter Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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55
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Stanicek L, Lozano-Vidal N, Bink DI, Hooglugt A, Yao W, Wittig I, van Rijssel J, van Buul JD, van Bergen A, Klems A, Ramms AS, Le Noble F, Hofmann P, Szulcek R, Wang S, Offermanns S, Ercanoglu MS, Kwon HB, Stainier D, Huveneers S, Kurian L, Dimmeler S, Boon RA. Long non-coding RNA LASSIE regulates shear stress sensing and endothelial barrier function. Commun Biol 2020; 3:265. [PMID: 32457386 PMCID: PMC7251106 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are constantly exposed to shear stress, a biomechanical force generated by blood flow. Normal shear stress sensing and barrier function are crucial for vascular homeostasis and are controlled by adherens junctions (AJs). Here we show that AJs are stabilized by the shear stress-induced long non-coding RNA LASSIE (linc00520). Silencing of LASSIE in endothelial cells impairs cell survival, cell-cell contacts and cell alignment in the direction of flow. LASSIE associates with junction proteins (e.g. PECAM-1) and the intermediate filament protein nestin, as identified by RNA affinity purification. The AJs component VE-cadherin showed decreased stabilization, due to reduced interaction with nestin and the microtubule cytoskeleton in the absence of LASSIE. This study identifies LASSIE as link between nestin and VE-cadherin, and describes nestin as crucial component in the endothelial response to shear stress. Furthermore, this study indicates that LASSIE regulates barrier function by connecting AJs to the cytoskeleton. Stanicek et al identify a shear stress-induced long non-coding RNA they name LASSIE, which stabilises junctions between endothelial cells through interactions with junctional and cytoskeletal proteins. This study provides insights into how a transcript that does not encode a protein controls endothelial response to forces associated with blood flow and endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stanicek
- Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Noelia Lozano-Vidal
- Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diewertje Ilse Bink
- Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aukie Hooglugt
- Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vascular Microenvironment and Integrity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjie Yao
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jos van Rijssel
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Diederik van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van Bergen
- Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Klems
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne Sophie Ramms
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology (ZOO), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Hofmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Dept. of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Meryem Seda Ercanoglu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Cologne, 50935, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vascular Microenvironment and Integrity, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Kurian
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinier Abraham Boon
- Dept. of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany.
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56
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Castro M, Laviña B, Ando K, Álvarez-Aznar A, Abu Taha A, Brakebusch C, Dejana E, Betsholtz C, Gaengel K. CDC42 Deletion Elicits Cerebral Vascular Malformations via Increased MEKK3-Dependent KLF4 Expression. Circ Res 2020; 124:1240-1252. [PMID: 30732528 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aberrant formation of blood vessels precedes a broad spectrum of vascular complications; however, the cellular and molecular events governing vascular malformations are not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the role of CDC42 (cell division cycle 42) during vascular morphogenesis and its relative importance for the development of cerebrovascular malformations. METHODS AND RESULTS To avoid secondary systemic effects often associated with embryonic gene deletion, we generated an endothelial-specific and inducible knockout approach to study postnatal vascularization of the mouse brain. Postnatal endothelial-specific deletion of Cdc42 elicits cerebrovascular malformations reminiscent of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). At the cellular level, loss of CDC42 function in brain endothelial cells (ECs) impairs their sprouting, branching morphogenesis, axial polarity, and normal dispersion within the brain tissue. Disruption of CDC42 does not alter EC proliferation, but malformations occur where EC proliferation is the most pronounced during brain development-the postnatal cerebellum-indicating that a high, naturally occurring EC proliferation provides a permissive state for the appearance of these malformations. Mechanistically, CDC42 depletion in ECs elicited increased MEKK3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3)-MEK5 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5)-ERK5 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5) signaling and consequent detrimental overexpression of KLF (Kruppel-like factor) 2 and KLF4, recapitulating the hallmark mechanism for CCM pathogenesis. Through genetic approaches, we demonstrate that the coinactivation of Klf4 reduces the severity of vascular malformations in Cdc42 mutant mice. Moreover, we show that CDC42 interacts with CCMs and that CCM3 promotes CDC42 activity in ECs. CONCLUSIONS We show that endothelial-specific deletion of Cdc42 elicits CCM-like cerebrovascular malformations and that CDC42 is engaged in the CCM signaling network to restrain the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5-KLF2/4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castro
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Koji Ando
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Alberto Álvarez-Aznar
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Abdallah Abu Taha
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C. Brakebusch).,ICMC (Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre), Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca/Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden (C. Betsholtz)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.).,FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (E.D.)
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
| | - Konstantin Gaengel
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.C., B.L., K.A., A.Á.-A., A.A.T., E.D., C. Betsholtz, K.G.)
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57
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Helix 8 is the essential structural motif of mechanosensitive GPCRs. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5784. [PMID: 31857598 PMCID: PMC6923424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile cellular sensors for chemical stimuli, but also serve as mechanosensors involved in various (patho)physiological settings like vascular regulation, cardiac hypertrophy and preeclampsia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanically induced GPCR activation have remained elusive. Here we show that mechanosensitive histamine H1 receptors (H1Rs) are endothelial sensors of fluid shear stress and contribute to flow-induced vasodilation. At the molecular level, we observe that H1Rs undergo stimulus-specific patterns of conformational changes suggesting that mechanical forces and agonists induce distinct active receptor conformations. GPCRs lacking C-terminal helix 8 (H8) are not mechanosensitive, and transfer of H8 to non-responsive GPCRs confers, while removal of H8 precludes, mechanosensitivity. Moreover, disrupting H8 structural integrity by amino acid exchanges impairs mechanosensitivity. Altogether, H8 is the essential structural motif endowing GPCRs with mechanosensitivity. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for a better understanding of the roles of mechanosensitive GPCRs in (patho)physiology. GPCRs are versatile cellular sensors for chemical stimuli but the molecular mechanisms underlying mechanically induced GPCR activation have remained elusive. Here authors identify the C-terminal helix 8 (H8) as the essential structural motif endowing H1R and other GPCRs with mechanosensitivity.
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58
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Troisi A, Dall'Aglio C, Maranesi M, Orlandi R, Speranza R, Zerani M, Polisca A. Presence and expression of apelin and apelin receptor in bitch placenta. Theriogenology 2019; 147:192-196. [PMID: 31767185 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is a potent inotropic agent causing endothelium-mediated vasodilation and is involved in vessel formation by interacting with a specific receptor. Its cardiovascular profile suggests a role in the regulation of gestational hemodynamic changes. The expression of apelin and its receptor has been reported in some portions of the reproductive tract of different mammalian species. As far as we know, there are no reports describing the expression of apelin and apelin receptor in bitch's placenta. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the presence and distribution of apelin and apelin receptor in bitch placenta by molecular biology and immunohistochemical techniques. Sixteen adult female half-breed bitches were used. The animals were divided into two groups based on the stage of pregnancy: group 1 (mid-gestation n = 8) and group 2 (end gestation n = 8). These bitches were subjected to ovariohysterectomy (group1) or non-conservative caesarean section (group 2). The immunohistochemical technique revealed the presence of positive immune reaction for apelin and apelin receptor in all the samples examined at 30 days and at the end of pregnancy. In particular, apelin and apelin receptor staining was evident in the cytoplasms of cytotrophoblasts and in epithelial cells of the maternal portion. Even if not included into the structure of the placenta, the uterine glands also exhibited a positive immune reaction for apelin and apelin receptor. The RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of transcripts for apelin and apelin receptor in all the placenta samples examined. On the basis of our results it was also possible to hypothesize a potential role of apelin in the control of local placenta blood flow during pregnancy development in bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Dall'Aglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Maranesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Orlandi
- Tyrus Clinica Veterinaria, Via Aldo Bartocci, 1G, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - R Speranza
- Guadia di Finanza, Corso allevamento e addestramento cinofilo 46, Via Lungolago, 06061, Castiglione Del Lago, Italy
| | - M Zerani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Polisca
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06124, Perugia, Italy
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59
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Duchemin AL, Vignes H, Vermot J, Chow R. Mechanotransduction in cardiovascular morphogenesis and tissue engineering. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:106-116. [PMID: 31586750 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular morphogenesis involves cell behavior and cell identity changes that are activated by mechanical forces associated with heart function. Recently, advances in in vivo imaging, methods to alter blood flow, and computational modelling have greatly advanced our understanding of how forces produced by heart contraction and blood flow impact different morphogenetic processes. Meanwhile, traditional genetic approaches have helped to elucidate how endothelial cells respond to forces at the cellular and molecular level. Here we discuss the principles of endothelial mechanosensitity and their interplay with cellular processes during cardiovascular morphogenesis. We then discuss their implications in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Duchemin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Helene Vignes
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Renee Chow
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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60
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Geudens I, Coxam B, Alt S, Gebala V, Vion AC, Meier K, Rosa A, Gerhardt H. Artery-vein specification in the zebrafish trunk is pre-patterned by heterogeneous Notch activity and balanced by flow-mediated fine-tuning. Development 2019; 146:dev.181024. [PMID: 31375478 PMCID: PMC6737902 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
How developing vascular networks acquire the right balance of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels to efficiently supply and drain tissues is poorly understood. In zebrafish embryos, the robust and regular 50:50 global balance of intersegmental veins and arteries that form along the trunk prompts the intriguing question of how does the organism keep ‘count’? Previous studies have suggested that the ultimate fate of an intersegmental vessel (ISV) is determined by the identity of the approaching secondary sprout emerging from the posterior cardinal vein. Here, we show that the formation of a balanced trunk vasculature involves an early heterogeneity in endothelial cell behaviour and Notch signalling activity in the seemingly identical primary ISVs that is independent of secondary sprouting and flow. We show that Notch signalling mediates the local patterning of ISVs, and an adaptive flow-mediated mechanism subsequently fine-tunes the global balance of arteries and veins along the trunk. We propose that this dual mechanism provides the adaptability required to establish a balanced network of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels. Highlighted Article: A stepwise dual mechanism involving Notch signalling and flow provides the adaptability required to establish a balanced network of arteries and veins in the zebrafish trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Geudens
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.,Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Coxam
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Silvanus Alt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Véronique Gebala
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Anne-Clémence Vion
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Katja Meier
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Andre Rosa
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven B-3000, Belgium .,Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.,Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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61
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Carvalho JR, Fortunato IC, Fonseca CG, Pezzarossa A, Barbacena P, Dominguez-Cejudo MA, Vasconcelos FF, Santos NC, Carvalho FA, Franco CA. Non-canonical Wnt signaling regulates junctional mechanocoupling during angiogenic collective cell migration. eLife 2019; 8:45853. [PMID: 31246175 PMCID: PMC6684320 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis of hierarchical vascular networks depends on the integration of multiple biomechanical signals by endothelial cells, the cells lining the interior of blood vessels. Expansion of vascular networks arises through sprouting angiogenesis, a process involving extensive cell rearrangements and collective cell migration. Yet, the mechanisms controlling angiogenic collective behavior remain poorly understood. Here, we show this collective cell behavior is regulated by non-canonical Wnt signaling. We identify that Wnt5a specifically activates Cdc42 at cell junctions downstream of ROR2 to reinforce coupling between adherens junctions and the actin cytoskeleton. We show that Wnt5a signaling stabilizes vinculin binding to alpha-catenin, and abrogation of vinculin in vivo and in vitro leads to uncoordinated polarity and deficient sprouting angiogenesis in Mus musculus. Our findings highlight how non-canonical Wnt signaling coordinates collective cell behavior during vascular morphogenesis by fine-tuning junctional mechanocoupling between endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabela C Fortunato
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Pezzarossa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A Dominguez-Cejudo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisca F Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filomena A Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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62
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Gálvez-Santisteban M, Chen D, Zhang R, Serrano R, Nguyen C, Zhao L, Nerb L, Masutani EM, Vermot J, Burns CG, Burns CE, del Álamo JC, Chi NC. Hemodynamic-mediated endocardial signaling controls in vivo myocardial reprogramming. eLife 2019; 8:e44816. [PMID: 31237233 PMCID: PMC6592682 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower vertebrate and neonatal mammalian hearts exhibit the remarkable capacity to regenerate through the reprogramming of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. However, how cardiac injury initiates signaling pathways controlling this regenerative reprogramming remains to be defined. Here, we utilize in vivo biophysical and genetic fate mapping zebrafish studies to reveal that altered hemodynamic forces due to cardiac injury activate a sequential endocardial-myocardial signaling cascade to direct cardiomyocyte reprogramming and heart regeneration. Specifically, these altered forces are sensed by the endocardium through the mechanosensitive channel Trpv4 to control Klf2a transcription factor expression. Consequently, Klf2a then activates endocardial Notch signaling which results in the non-cell autonomous initiation of myocardial Erbb2 and BMP signaling to promote cardiomyocyte reprogramming and heart regeneration. Overall, these findings not only reveal how the heart senses and adaptively responds to environmental changes due to cardiac injury, but also provide insight into how flow-mediated mechanisms may regulate cardiomyocyte reprogramming and heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gálvez-Santisteban
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Cathleen Nguyen
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Laura Nerb
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Evan M Masutani
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, INSERM U964, Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Charles Geoffrey Burns
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research CenterMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Juan C del Álamo
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering DepartmentUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Institute for Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Neil C Chi
- Department of Medicine, Division of CardiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Institute for Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Institute of Genomic MedicineUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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63
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Barbacena P, Ouarné M, Haigh JJ, Vasconcelos FF, Pezzarossa A, Franco CA. GNrep mouse: A reporter mouse for front-rear cell polarity. Genesis 2019; 57:e23299. [PMID: 30990965 PMCID: PMC6618267 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential during development, regeneration, homeostasis, and disease. Depending on the microenvironment, cells use different mechanisms to migrate. Yet, all modes of migration require the establishment of an intracellular front-rear polarity axis for directional movement. Although front-rear polarity can be easily identified in in vitro conditions, its assessment in vivo by live-imaging is challenging due to tissue complexity and lack of reliable markers. Here, we describe a novel and unique double fluorescent reporter mouse line to study front-rear cell polarity in living tissues, called GNrep. This mouse line simultaneously labels Golgi complexes and nuclei allowing the assignment of a nucleus-to-Golgi axis to each cell, which functions as a readout for cell front-rear polarity. As a proof-of-principle, we validated the efficiency of the GNrep line using an endothelial-specific Cre mouse line. We show that the GNrep labels the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus of endothelial cells with very high efficiency and high specificity. Importantly, the features of fluorescent intensity and localization for both mCherry and eGFP fluorescent intensity and localization allow automated segmentation and assignment of polarity vectors in complex tissues, making GNrep a great tool to study cell behavior in large-scale automated analyses. Altogether, the GNrep mouse line, in combination with different Cre recombinase lines, is a novel and unique tool to study of front-rear polarity in mice, both in fixed tissues or in intravital live imaging. This new line will be instrumental to understand cell migration and polarity in development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barbacena
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marie Ouarné
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisca F Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Pezzarossa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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64
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Abstract
Genetic robustness, or the ability of an organism to maintain fitness in the presence of mutations, can be achieved via protein feedback loops. Recent evidence suggests that organisms may also respond to mutations by upregulating related gene(s) independently of protein feedback loops, a phenomenon called transcriptional adaptation. However, the prevalence of transcriptional adaptation and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, by analyzing several models of transcriptional adaptation in zebrafish and mouse, we show a requirement for mRNA degradation. Alleles that fail to transcribe the mutated gene do not display transcriptional adaptation and exhibit more severe phenotypes than alleles displaying mutant mRNA decay. Transcriptome analysis reveals the upregulation of a substantial proportion of the genes that exhibit sequence similarity with the mutated gene’s mRNA, suggesting a sequence dependent mechanism. Besides implications for our understanding of disease-causing mutations, these findings will help design mutant alleles with minimal transcriptional adaptation-derived compensation.
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65
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Yin W, Kim HT, Wang S, Gunawan F, Li R, Buettner C, Grohmann B, Sengle G, Sinner D, Offermanns S, Stainier DYR. Fibrillin-2 is a key mediator of smooth muscle extracellular matrix homeostasis during mouse tracheal tubulogenesis. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.00840-2018. [PMID: 30578393 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00840-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tubes, comprised of polarised epithelial cells around a lumen, are crucial for organ function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying tube formation remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the function of fibrillin (FBN)2, an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, as a critical regulator of tracheal tube formation.We performed a large-scale forward genetic screen in mouse to identify regulators of respiratory organ development and disease. We identified Fbn2 mutants which exhibit shorter and narrowed tracheas as well as defects in tracheal smooth muscle cell alignment and polarity.We found that FBN2 is essential for elastic fibre formation and Fibronectin accumulation around tracheal smooth muscle cells. These processes appear to be regulated at least in part through inhibition of p38-mediated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as pharmacological decrease of p38 phosphorylation or MMP activity partially attenuated the Fbn2 mutant tracheal phenotypes. Analysis of human tracheal tissues indicates that a decrease in ECM proteins, including FBN2 and Fibronectin, is associated with tracheomalacia.Our findings provide novel insights into the role of ECM homeostasis in mesenchymal cell polarisation during tracheal tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Yin
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,W. Yin and D.Y.R. Stainier are joint senior authors
| | - Hyun-Taek Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carmen Buettner
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Beate Grohmann
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Debora Sinner
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, CCHMC, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Dept of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,W. Yin and D.Y.R. Stainier are joint senior authors
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66
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Red-Horse K, Siekmann AF. Veins and Arteries Build Hierarchical Branching Patterns Differently: Bottom-Up versus Top-Down. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800198. [PMID: 30805984 PMCID: PMC6478158 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A tree-like hierarchical branching structure is present in many biological systems, such as the kidney, lung, mammary gland, and blood vessels. Most of these organs form through branching morphogenesis, where outward growth results in smaller and smaller branches. However, the blood vasculature is unique in that it exists as two trees (arterial and venous) connected at their tips. Obtaining this organization might therefore require unique developmental mechanisms. As reviewed here, recent data indicate that arterial trees often form in reverse order. Accordingly, initial arterial endothelial cell differentiation occurs outside of arterial vessels. These pre-artery cells then build trees by following a migratory path from smaller into larger arteries, a process guided by the forces imparted by blood flow. Thus, in comparison to other branched organs, arteries can obtain their structure through inward growth and coalescence. Here, new information on the underlying mechanisms is discussed, and how defects can lead to pathologies, such as hypoplastic arteries and arteriovenous malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 California,
| | - Arndt F. Siekmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104 Pennsylvania,
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67
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Hu HL, Kang Y, Zeng Y, Zhang M, Liao Q, Rong MQ, Zhang Q, Lai R. Region-resolved proteomics profiling of monkey heart. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13720-13734. [PMID: 30644093 PMCID: PMC7166496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) play an indispensable role in biomedical research because of their similarities in genetics, physiological, and neurological function to humans. Proteomics profiling of monkey heart could reveal significant cardiac biomarkers and help us to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of heart disease. However, the proteomic study of monkey heart is relatively lacking. Here, we performed the proteomics profiling of the normal monkey heart by measuring three major anatomical regions (vessels, valves, and chambers) based on iTRAQ‐coupled LC‐MS/MS analysis. Over 3,200 proteins were identified and quantified from three heart tissue samples. Furthermore, multiple bioinformatics analyses such as gene ontology analysis, protein–protein interaction analysis, and gene‐diseases association were used to investigate biological network of those proteins from each area. More than 60 genes in three heart regions are implicated with heart diseases such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. These genes associated with heart disease are mainly enriched in citrate cycle, amino acid degradation, and glycolysis pathway. At the anatomical level, the revelation of molecular characteristics of the healthy monkey heart would be an important starting point to investigate heart disease. As a unique resource, this study can serve as a reference map for future in‐depth research on cardiac disease‐related NHP model and novel biomarkers of cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Liang Hu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Division of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiong Liao
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Rong
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, China
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68
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Brown AR, Green JM, Moreman J, Gunnarsson LM, Mourabit S, Ball J, Winter MJ, Trznadel M, Correia A, Hacker C, Perry A, Wood ME, Hetheridge MJ, Currie RA, Tyler CR. Cardiovascular Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Bisphenol A and Its Metabolite MBP in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:463-474. [PMID: 30520632 PMCID: PMC6333396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest production volume chemicals in the world and is frequently detected in wildlife and humans, particularly children. BPA has been associated with numerous adverse health outcomes relating to its estrogenic and other hormonal properties, but direct causal links are unclear in humans and animal models. Here we simulated measured (1×) and predicted worst-case (10× ) maximum fetal exposures for BPA, or equivalent concentrations of its metabolite MBP, using fluorescent reporter embryo-larval zebrafish, capable of quantifying Estrogen Response Element (ERE) activation throughout the body. Heart valves were primary sites for ERE activation by BPA and MBP, and transcriptomic analysis of microdissected heart tissues showed that both chemicals targeted several molecular pathways constituting biomarkers for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), including extra-cellular matrix (ECM) alteration. ECM collagen deficiency and impact on heart valve structural integrity were confirmed by histopathology for high-level MBP exposure, and structural defects (abnormal curvature) of the atrio-ventricular valves corresponded with impaired cardiovascular function (reduced ventricular beat rate and blood flow). Our results are the first to demonstrate plausible mechanistic links between ERE activation in the heart valves by BPA's reactive metabolite MBP and the development of valvular-cardiovascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ross Brown
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Jon M. Green
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - John Moreman
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Lina M. Gunnarsson
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Sulayman Mourabit
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Jonathan Ball
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Winter
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Maciej Trznadel
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Ana Correia
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Christian Hacker
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Alexis Perry
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Mark E. Wood
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Malcolm J. Hetheridge
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
| | - Richard A. Currie
- Jealott’s
Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42
6EY, U.K.
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences,
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, U.K.
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69
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Abstract
Heart formation involves a complex series of tissue rearrangements, during which regions of the developing organ expand, bend, converge, and protrude in order to create the specific shapes of important cardiac components. Much of this morphogenesis takes place while cardiac function is underway, with blood flowing through the rapidly contracting chambers. Fluid forces are therefore likely to influence the regulation of cardiac morphogenesis, but it is not yet clear how these biomechanical cues direct specific cellular behaviors. In recent years, the optical accessibility and genetic amenability of zebrafish embryos have facilitated unique opportunities to integrate the analysis of flow parameters with the molecular and cellular dynamics underlying cardiogenesis. Consequently, we are making progress toward a comprehensive view of the biomechanical regulation of cardiac chamber emergence, atrioventricular canal differentiation, and ventricular trabeculation. In this review, we highlight a series of studies in zebrafish that have provided new insight into how cardiac function can shape cardiac morphology, with a particular focus on how hemodynamics can impact cardiac cell behavior. Over the long-term, this knowledge will undoubtedly guide our consideration of the potential causes of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sidhwani
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
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70
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Rasouli SJ, El-Brolosy M, Tsedeke AT, Bensimon-Brito A, Ghanbari P, Maischein HM, Kuenne C, Stainier DY. The flow responsive transcription factor Klf2 is required for myocardial wall integrity by modulating Fgf signaling. eLife 2018; 7:e38889. [PMID: 30592462 PMCID: PMC6329608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interplay between cardiac tissues is crucial for their integrity. The flow responsive transcription factor KLF2, which is expressed in the endocardium, is vital for cardiovascular development but its exact role remains to be defined. To this end, we mutated both klf2 paralogues in zebrafish, and while single mutants exhibit no obvious phenotype, double mutants display a novel phenotype of cardiomyocyte extrusion towards the abluminal side. This extrusion requires cardiac contractility and correlates with the mislocalization of N-cadherin from the lateral to the apical side of cardiomyocytes. Transgenic rescue data show that klf2 expression in endothelium, but not myocardium, prevents this cardiomyocyte extrusion phenotype. Transcriptome analysis of klf2 mutant hearts reveals that Fgf signaling is affected, and accordingly, we find that inhibition of Fgf signaling in wild-type animals can lead to abluminal cardiomyocyte extrusion. These studies provide new insights into how Klf2 regulates cardiovascular development and specifically myocardial wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Mohamed El-Brolosy
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Ayele Taddese Tsedeke
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Parisa Ghanbari
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodelingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics Core UnitMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier Y Stainier
- Department of Developmental GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
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71
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Cheng J, Luo X, Huang Z, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction‐related diseases. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12149-12160. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China Hengyang China
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72
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Weijts B, Gutierrez E, Saikin SK, Ablooglu AJ, Traver D, Groisman A, Tkachenko E. Blood flow-induced Notch activation and endothelial migration enable vascular remodeling in zebrafish embryos. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5314. [PMID: 30552331 PMCID: PMC6294260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteries and veins are formed independently by different types of endothelial cells (ECs). In vascular remodeling, arteries and veins become connected and some arteries become veins. It is unclear how ECs in transforming vessels change their type and how fates of individual vessels are determined. In embryonic zebrafish trunk, vascular remodeling transforms arterial intersegmental vessels (ISVs) into a functional network of arteries and veins. Here we find that, once an ISV is connected to venous circulation, venous blood flow promotes upstream migration of ECs that results in displacement of arterial ECs by venous ECs, completing the transformation of this ISV into a vein without trans-differentiation of ECs. Arterial blood flow initiated in two neighboring ISVs prevents their transformation into veins by activating Notch signaling in ECs. Together, different responses of ECs to arterial and venous blood flow lead to formation of a balanced network with equal numbers of arteries and veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Weijts
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Edgar Gutierrez
- Dpartment of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- MuWells Inc, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Semion K Saikin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ararat J Ablooglu
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Alex Groisman
- Dpartment of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Eugene Tkachenko
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- MuWells Inc, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
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73
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Ferreira RR, Pakula G, Klaeyle L, Fukui H, Vilfan A, Supatto W, Vermot J. Chiral Cilia Orientation in the Left-Right Organizer. Cell Rep 2018; 25:2008-2016.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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74
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Szymborska A, Gerhardt H. Hold Me, but Not Too Tight-Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions in Angiogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029223. [PMID: 28851748 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-cell junctions must perform seemingly incompatible tasks during vascular development-providing stable connections that prevent leakage, while allowing dynamic cellular rearrangements during sprouting, anastomosis, lumen formation, and functional remodeling of the vascular network. This review aims to highlight recent insights into the molecular mechanisms governing endothelial cell-cell adhesion in the context of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymborska
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
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75
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Yin W, Kim HT, Wang S, Gunawan F, Wang L, Kishimoto K, Zhong H, Roman D, Preussner J, Guenther S, Graef V, Buettner C, Grohmann B, Looso M, Morimoto M, Mardon G, Offermanns S, Stainier DYR. The potassium channel KCNJ13 is essential for smooth muscle cytoskeletal organization during mouse tracheal tubulogenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2815. [PMID: 30022023 PMCID: PMC6052067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulogenesis is essential for the formation and function of internal organs. One such organ is the trachea, which allows gas exchange between the external environment and the lungs. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tracheal tube development remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the potassium channel KCNJ13 is a critical modulator of tracheal tubulogenesis. We identify Kcnj13 in an ethylnitrosourea forward genetic screen for regulators of mouse respiratory organ development. Kcnj13 mutants exhibit a shorter trachea as well as defective smooth muscle (SM) cell alignment and polarity. KCNJ13 is essential to maintain ion homeostasis in tracheal SM cells, which is required for actin polymerization. This process appears to be mediated, at least in part, through activation of the actin regulator AKT, as pharmacological increase of AKT phosphorylation ameliorates the Kcnj13-mutant trachea phenotypes. These results provide insight into the role of ion homeostasis in cytoskeletal organization during tubulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Yin
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
| | - Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Keishi Kishimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hua Zhong
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular and Human Genetics, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dany Roman
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular and Human Genetics, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jens Preussner
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Viola Graef
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Carmen Buettner
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Beate Grohmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Graeme Mardon
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology and Molecular and Human Genetics, Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.
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76
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Murza A, Trân K, Bruneau-Cossette L, Lesur O, Auger-Messier M, Lavigne P, Sarret P, Marsault É. Apelins, ELABELA, and their derivatives: Peptidic regulators of the cardiovascular system and beyond. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Murza
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Kien Trân
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Laurent Bruneau-Cossette
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Pierre Lavigne
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
- Département de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
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77
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Strohbach A, Pennewitz M, Glaubitz M, Palankar R, Groß S, Lorenz F, Materzok I, Rong A, Busch MC, Felix SB, Delcea M, Busch R. The apelin receptor influences biomechanical and morphological properties of endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6250-6261. [PMID: 29369349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adaption of endothelial cells to local flow conditions is a multifunctional process which leads to distinct alterations in cell shape, the subcellular distribution of structural proteins, and cellular function. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified to be fundamentally involved in such processes. Recently, we and others have shown that the expression of the endothelial GPCR apelin receptor (APJ) is regulated by fluid flow and that activation of APJ participates in signaling pathways which are related to processes of mechanotransduction. The present study aims to illuminate these findings by further visualization of APJ function. We show that APJ is located to the cellular junctions and might thus be associated with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of APJ expression influences the shear-induced adaption of HUVEC in terms of cytoskeletal remodeling, cellular elasticity, cellular motility, attachment, and distribution of adhesion complexes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that APJ is crucial for complemented endothelial adaption to local flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Strohbach
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Malte Pennewitz
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Glaubitz
- ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Raghavendra Palankar
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Groß
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Lorenz
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilka Materzok
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alena Rong
- ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mathias C Busch
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Raila Busch
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
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78
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Adipokine apelin ameliorates chronic colitis in Il-10 -/- mice by promoting intestinal lymphatic functions. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 148:202-212. [PMID: 29309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Both mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and lymphatic vessels (LVs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), and adipokines have been implicated in the crosstalk between MAT and LVs. Apelin, a newly identified adipokine, has been demonstrated to be crucial in the development and stabilization of LVs. We aimed to identify the expression of apelin in MAT of CD patients and explore whether apelin influences the disease course in murine colitis and determine its contributions to LVs. Expression of apelin in MAT specimens from patients with CD (n = 24) and without CD (control, n = 12) was detected. Il-10 deficient (Il-10-/-) mice with established colitis were administered apelin, and untreated and wild-type mice served as controls (n = 8 for each group). Disease activity and colonic inflammation was evaluated. The LV density, lymphatic drainage function and related signaling pathways were also analyzed. We found that MAT from CD patients expressed a higher level of apelin compared with that from controls. Systemic delivery of apelin significantly ameliorated chronic colitis in Il-10-/- mice, demonstrated by decreased disease activity index and inflammatory scores, and lower levels of Tnf-α, Il-1β and Il-6. Increased LV density and podoplanin levels indicated that apelin promoted lymphangiogenesis. Evans blue dye and fluorescent lymphangiography revealed an enhanced lymphatic drainage function in apelin-treated mice. The role of apelin was found to be related to the activation of the Akt and Erk signaling pathways. These results indicate that the adipokine apelin was highly expressed in MAT of CD patients and has a promising role in ameliorating experimental colitis by promoting intestinal lymphatic functions, suggesting the potential crosstalk between adipokines and LVs in MAT in CD status. Therapies with adipokines, such as apelin, may be a novel approach for the treatment of CD.
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79
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Abstract
In recent years, use of the zebrafish embryo as a model organism to study vascular development in vivo has provided valuable insights into the genetic and cellular events shaping the embryonic vasculature. In this chapter, we aim to present the methods for the measurement of some of the most commonly investigated dynamic parameters in endothelial cells during developmental angiogenesis, namely, migration speed and acceleration, filopodia extension, front-rear polarity, cell cycle progression, membrane deformations, and junctional rearrangements. We also offer suggestions on how to deal with the most common imaging and quantifications challenges faced when acquiring and quantifying endothelial cell dynamic behavior in vivo.We intend this section to serve as an experience-based imaging primer for scientists interested in endothelial cell imaging in the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Coxam
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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80
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Abstract
Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein-coupled receptor named the apelin receptor (AR/APJ/APLNR). Ligand-AR interactions have been implicated in regulation of the adipoinsular axis, cardiovascular system, and central nervous system alongside pathological processes. Each ligand may be processed into a variety of bioactive isoforms endogenously, with apelin ranging from 13 to 55 amino acids and apela from 11 to 32, typically being cleaved C-terminal to dibasic proprotein convertase cleavage sites. The C-terminal region of the respective precursor protein is retained and is responsible for receptor binding and subsequent activation. Interestingly, both apelin and apela exhibit isoform-dependent variability in potency and efficacy under various physiological and pathological conditions, but most studies focus on a single isoform. Biophysical behavior and structural properties of apelin and apela isoforms show strong correlations with functional studies, with key motifs now well determined for apelin. Unlike its ligands, the AR has been relatively difficult to characterize by biophysical techniques, with most characterization to date being focused on effects of mutagenesis. This situation may improve following a recently reported AR crystal structure, but there are still barriers to overcome in terms of comprehensive biophysical study. In this review, we summarize the three components of the apelinergic system in terms of structure-function correlation, with a particular focus on isoform-dependent properties, underlining the potential for regulation of the system through multiple endogenous ligands and isoforms, isoform-dependent pharmacological properties, and biological membrane-mediated receptor interaction. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:407-450, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Shin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Calem Kenward
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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81
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Boselli F, Steed E, Freund JB, Vermot J. Anisotropic shear stress patterns predict the orientation of convergent tissue movements in the embryonic heart. Development 2017; 144:4322-4327. [PMID: 29183943 PMCID: PMC5769631 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial contractility and blood flow provide essential mechanical cues for the morphogenesis of the heart. In general, endothelial cells change their migratory behavior in response to shear stress patterns, according to flow directionality. Here, we assessed the impact of shear stress patterns and flow directionality on the behavior of endocardial cells, the specialized endothelial cells of the heart. At the early stages of zebrafish heart valve formation, we show that endocardial cells are converging to the valve-forming area and that this behavior depends upon mechanical forces. Quantitative live imaging and mathematical modeling allow us to correlate this tissue convergence with the underlying flow forces. We predict that tissue convergence is associated with the direction of the mean wall shear stress and of the gradient of harmonic phase-averaged shear stresses, which surprisingly do not match the overall direction of the flow. This contrasts with the usual role of flow directionality in vascular development and suggests that the full spatial and temporal complexity of the wall shear stress should be taken into account when studying endothelial cell responses to flow in vivo. Summary: Blood flow modeling shows that dynamic shear stress patterns, rather than mean flow direction, predict the stereotypical behavior of endocardial cells during the early steps of heart valve formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Boselli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Emily Steed
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Jonathan B Freund
- Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France
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82
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Roman BL, Hinck AP. ALK1 signaling in development and disease: new paradigms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4539-4560. [PMID: 28871312 PMCID: PMC5687069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activin A receptor like type 1 (ALK1) is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor family that is expressed on endothelial cells. Defects in ALK1 signaling cause the autosomal dominant vascular disorder, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), which is characterized by development of direct connections between arteries and veins, or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Although previous studies have implicated ALK1 in various aspects of sprouting angiogenesis, including tip/stalk cell selection, migration, and proliferation, recent work suggests an intriguing role for ALK1 in transducing a flow-based signal that governs directed endothelial cell migration within patent, perfused vessels. In this review, we present an updated view of the mechanism of ALK1 signaling, put forth a unified hypothesis to explain the cellular missteps that lead to AVMs associated with ALK1 deficiency, and discuss emerging roles for ALK1 signaling in diseases beyond HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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83
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Hogan BM, Schulte-Merker S. How to Plumb a Pisces: Understanding Vascular Development and Disease Using Zebrafish Embryos. Dev Cell 2017; 42:567-583. [PMID: 28950100 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our vasculature plays diverse and critical roles in homeostasis and disease. In recent decades, the use of zebrafish has driven our understanding of vascular development into new areas, identifying new genes and mechanisms controlling vessel formation and allowing unprecedented observation of the cellular and molecular events that shape the developing vasculature. Here, we highlight key mechanisms controlling formation of the zebrafish vasculature and investigate how knowledge from this highly tractable model system has informed our understanding of vascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003), WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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84
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Nakajima H, Mochizuki N. Flow pattern-dependent endothelial cell responses through transcriptional regulation. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1893-1901. [PMID: 28820314 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1364324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow provides endothelial cells (ECs) lining the inside of blood vessels with mechanical stimuli as well as humoral stimuli. Fluid shear stress, the frictional force between flowing blood and ECs, is recognized as an essential mechanical cue for vascular growth, remodeling, and homeostasis. ECs differentially respond to distinct flow patterns. High laminar shear flow leads to inhibition of cell cycle progression and stabilizes vessels, whereas low shear flow or disturbed flow leads to increased turnover of ECs and inflammatory responses of ECs prone to atherogenic. These differences of EC responses dependent on flow pattern are mainly ascribed to distinct patterns of gene expression. In this review, we highlight flow pattern-dependent transcriptional regulation in ECs by focusing on KLF2 and NFκB, major transcription factors responding to laminar flow and disturbed flow, respectively. Moreover, we introduce roles of a new flow-responsive transcriptional co-regulator, YAP, in blood vessel maintenance and discuss how these transcriptional regulators are spatiotemporally regulated by flow and then regulate EC functions in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakajima
- a Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- a Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute , Suita , Osaka , Japan.,b AMED-CREST. National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita , Osaka , Japan
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85
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Poduri A, Chang AH, Raftrey B, Rhee S, Van M, Red-Horse K. Endothelial cells respond to the direction of mechanical stimuli through SMAD signaling to regulate coronary artery size. Development 2017; 144:3241-3252. [PMID: 28760815 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
How mechanotransduction intersects with chemical and transcriptional factors to shape organogenesis is an important question in developmental biology. This is particularly relevant to the cardiovascular system, which uses mechanical signals from flowing blood to stimulate cytoskeletal and transcriptional responses that form a highly efficient vascular network. Using this system, artery size and structure are tightly regulated, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of Smad4 increased the diameter of coronary arteries during mouse embryonic development, a phenotype that followed the initiation of blood flow. At the same time, the BMP signal transducers SMAD1/5/8 were activated in developing coronary arteries. In a culture model of blood flow-induced shear stress, human coronary artery endothelial cells failed to align when either BMPs were inhibited or SMAD4 was depleted. In contrast to control cells, SMAD4-deficient cells did not migrate against the direction of shear stress and increased proliferation rates specifically under flow. Similar alterations were seen in coronary arteries in vivo Thus, endothelial cells perceive the direction of blood flow and respond through SMAD signaling to regulate artery size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Poduri
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew H Chang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian Raftrey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mike Van
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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86
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Lu L, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Chen L. The significant role of the Golgi apparatus in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2911-2919. [PMID: 28574583 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a ribbon-like system of stacks which consist of multiple closely apposed flattened cisternae and vesicles usually localized in the juxta-nuclear area. As for the biological functions, the GA plays a major role in protein biosynthesis, post-translational modification, and sorting protein from ER to plasma membrane and other destinations. Structural changes and functional disorder of the GA is associated with various diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence revealed that swelling, poor development, and other morphological alterations of the GA are linked to cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, dysfunction of the GA is also related to cardiovascular diseases since the GA is extremely responsible for transport, glycosylation, biosynthesis, and subcellular distribution of cardiovascular proteins. This review gives a brief overview of the intricate relationship between the GA and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we provide a further prospective that the GA may provide diagnosis reference for cardiovascular diseases, and changes in the ultrastructure and morphology of the GA such as swelling, poor development, and fragmentation may serve as a reliable index for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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87
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Chang AH, Raftrey BC, D'Amato G, Surya VN, Poduri A, Chen HI, Goldstone AB, Woo J, Fuller GG, Dunn AR, Red-Horse K. DACH1 stimulates shear stress-guided endothelial cell migration and coronary artery growth through the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1308-1324. [PMID: 28779009 PMCID: PMC5580653 DOI: 10.1101/gad.301549.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient blood flow to tissues relies on arterial blood vessels, but the mechanisms regulating their development are poorly understood. Many arteries, including coronary arteries of the heart, form through remodeling of an immature vascular plexus in a process triggered and shaped by blood flow. However, little is known about how cues from fluid shear stress are translated into responses that pattern artery development. Here, we show that mice lacking endothelial Dach1 had small coronary arteries, decreased endothelial cell polarization, and reduced expression of the chemokine Cxcl12 Under shear stress in culture, Dach1 overexpression stimulated endothelial cell polarization and migration against flow, which was reversed upon CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibition. In vivo, DACH1 was expressed during early arteriogenesis but was down in mature arteries. Mature artery-type shear stress (high, uniform laminar) specifically down-regulated DACH1, while the remodeling artery-type flow (low, variable) maintained DACH1 expression. Together, our data support a model in which DACH1 stimulates coronary artery growth by activating Cxcl12 expression and endothelial cell migration against blood flow into developing arteries. This activity is suppressed once arteries reach a mature morphology and acquire high, laminar flow that down-regulates DACH1. Thus, we identified a mechanism by which blood flow quality balances artery growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Chang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brian C Raftrey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vinay N Surya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aruna Poduri
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Heidi I Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andrew B Goldstone
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gerald G Fuller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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88
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Abstract
Endothelial cells line blood vessels and experience shear stress from blood flow. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Nakajima and colleagues (2017) show that in zebrafish Yap responds to blood flow by translocating into the nucleus, where it drives a genetic program to maintain vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kuan Han Lai
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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89
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Zhao H, Yao P, Li L, Chen L. Apelin receptor signaling: a novel mechanism of endothelial cell polarization. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:1138-1139. [PMID: 27797720 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Pingbo Yao
- Intensive Care Units of the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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