51
|
Severity of Idiopathic Scoliosis Is Associated with Differential Methylation: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Monozygotic Twins with Idiopathic Scoliosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081191. [PMID: 34440365 PMCID: PMC8391702 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to idiopathic scoliosis (IS). We identified 8 monozygotic twin pairs with IS, 6 discordant (Cobb angle difference > 10°) and 2 concordant (Cobb angle difference ≤ 2°). Genome-wide methylation in blood was measured with the Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC Beadchip. We tested for differences in methylation and methylation variability between discordant twins and tested the association between methylation and curve severity in all twins. Differentially methylated region (DMR) analyses identified gene promoter regions. Methylation at cg12959265 (chr. 7 DPY19L1) was less variable in cases (false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.0791). We identified four probes (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.10); cg02477677 (chr. 17, RARA gene), cg12922161 (chr. 2 LOC150622 gene), cg08826461 (chr. 2), and cg16382077 (chr. 7) associated with curve severity. We identified 57 DMRs where hyper- or hypo-methylation was consistent across the region and 28 DMRs with a consistent association with curve severity. Among DMRs, 21 were correlated with bone methylation. Prioritization of regions based on methylation concordance in bone identified promoter regions for WNT10A (WNT signaling), NPY (regulator of bone and energy homeostasis), and others predicted to be relevant for bone formation/remodeling. These regions may aid in understanding the complex interplay between genetics, environment, and IS.
Collapse
|
52
|
Oss-Ronen L, Cohen I. Epigenetic regulation and signalling pathways in Merkel cell development. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1051-1064. [PMID: 34152646 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Merkel cells are specialized epithelial cells connected to afferent nerve endings responsible for light-touch sensations, formed at specific locations in touch-sensitive regions of the mammalian skin. Although Merkel cells are descendants of the epidermal lineage, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the development of these unique mechanosensory cells. Recent studies have highlighted that the Polycomb group (PcG) of proteins play a significant role in spatiotemporal regulation of Merkel cell formation. In addition, several of the major signalling pathways involved in skin development have been shown to regulate Merkel cell development as well. Here, we summarize the current understandings of the role of developmental regulators in Merkel cell formation, including the interplay between the epigenetic machinery and key signalling pathways, and the lineage-specific transcription factors involved in the regulation of Merkel cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Oss-Ronen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Foster JW, Parikh RN, Wang J, Bower KS, Matthaei M, Chakravarti S, Jun AS, Eberhart CG, Soiberman US. Transcriptomic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Progressive Keratoconus Reveal Altered WNT10A in Epithelium and Bowman's Layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 33988693 PMCID: PMC8132000 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify global gene expression changes in the corneal epithelium of keratoconus (KC) patients compared to non-KC myopic controls. Methods RNA-sequencing was performed on corneal epithelium samples of five progressive KC and five myopic control patients. Selected results were validated using TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) on 31 additional independent samples, and protein level validation was conducted using western blot analysis on a subset. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays containing cores from over 100 KC and control cases. WNT10A transcript levels in corneal epithelium were correlated with tomographic indicators of KC disease severity in 15 eyes. Additionally, WNT10A was overexpressed in vitro in immortalized corneal epithelial cells. Results WNT10A was found to be underexpressed in KC epithelium at the transcript (ratio KC/control = 0.59, P = 0.02 per RNA-sequencing study; ratio = 0.66, P = 0.03 per qPCR) and protein (ratio = 0.07, P = 0.06) levels. Immunohistochemical analysis also indicated WNT10A protein was decreased in Bowman's layer of KC patients. In contrast, WNT10A transcript level positively correlated with increased keratometry (Kmax ρ = 0.57, P = 0.02). Finally, WNT10A positively regulated COL1A1 expression in corneal epithelial cells. Conclusions A specific Wnt ligand, WNT10A, is reduced at the mRNA and protein level in KC epithelium and Bowman's layer. This ligand positively regulates collagen type I expression in corneal epithelial cells. The results suggest that WNT10A expression in the corneal epithelium may play a role in progressive KC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Foster
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rupin N Parikh
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jiangxia Wang
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kraig S Bower
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shukti Chakravarti
- Department of Ophthalmology and Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States
| | - Albert S Jun
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Uri S Soiberman
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Pagella P, de Vargas Roditi L, Stadlinger B, Moor AE, Mitsiadis TA. A single-cell atlas of human teeth. iScience 2021; 24:102405. [PMID: 33997688 PMCID: PMC8099559 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth exert fundamental functions related to mastication and speech. Despite their great biomedical importance, an overall picture of their cellular and molecular composition is still missing. In this study, we have mapped the transcriptional landscape of the various cell populations that compose human teeth at single-cell resolution, and we analyzed in deeper detail their stem cell populations and their microenvironment. Our study identified great cellular heterogeneity in the dental pulp and the periodontium. Unexpectedly, we found that the molecular signatures of the stem cell populations were very similar, while their respective microenvironments strongly diverged. Our findings suggest that the microenvironmental specificity is a potential source for functional differences between highly similar stem cells located in the various tooth compartments and open new perspectives toward cell-based dental therapeutic approaches. Dental atlas of the pulp and periodontal tissues of human teeth Identification of three common MSC subclusters between dental pulp and periodontium Dental pulp and periodontal MSCs are similar, and their niches diverge
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernd Stadlinger
- Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E. Moor
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Thimios A. Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Abstract
Taste buds are the sensory end organs for gustation, mediating sensations of salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami as well as other possible modalities, e.g. fat and kokumi. Understanding of the structure and function of these sensory organs has increased greatly in the last decades with advances in ultrastructural methods, molecular genetics, and in vitro models. This review will focus on the cellular constituents of taste buds, and molecular regulation of taste bud cell renewal and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Finger
- Dept. Cell & Developmental Biology, Univ. Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, MS 8108, Room L18-11118, RC-1, 12801 E. 17th Ave., Aurora CO 80045
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Dept. Cell & Developmental Biology, Univ. Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, MS 8108, Room L18-11118, RC-1, 12801 E. 17th Ave., Aurora CO 80045
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Square TA, Sundaram S, Mackey EJ, Miller CT. Distinct tooth regeneration systems deploy a conserved battery of genes. EvoDevo 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33766133 PMCID: PMC7995769 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-021-00172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrate teeth exhibit a wide range of regenerative systems. Many species, including most mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, form replacement teeth at a histologically distinct location called the successional dental lamina, while other species do not employ such a system. Notably, a 'lamina-less' tooth replacement condition is found in a paraphyletic array of ray-finned fishes, such as stickleback, trout, cod, medaka, and bichir. Furthermore, the position, renewal potential, and latency times appear to vary drastically across different vertebrate tooth regeneration systems. The progenitor cells underlying tooth regeneration thus present highly divergent arrangements and potentials. Given the spectrum of regeneration systems present in vertebrates, it is unclear if morphologically divergent tooth regeneration systems deploy an overlapping battery of genes in their naïve dental tissues. RESULTS In the present work, we aimed to determine whether or not tooth progenitor epithelia could be composed of a conserved cell type between vertebrate dentitions with divergent regeneration systems. To address this question, we compared the pharyngeal tooth regeneration processes in two ray-finned fishes: zebrafish (Danio rerio) and threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). These two teleost species diverged approximately 250 million years ago and demonstrate some stark differences in dental morphology and regeneration. Here, we find that the naïve successional dental lamina in zebrafish expresses a battery of nine genes (bmpr1aa, bmp6, cd34, gli1, igfbp5a, lgr4, lgr6, nfatc1, and pitx2), while active Wnt signaling and Lef1 expression occur during early morphogenesis stages of tooth development. We also find that, despite the absence of a histologically distinct successional dental lamina in stickleback tooth fields, the same battery of nine genes (Bmpr1a, Bmp6, CD34, Gli1, Igfbp5a, Lgr4, Lgr6, Nfatc1, and Pitx2) are expressed in the basalmost endodermal cell layer, which is the region most closely associated with replacement tooth germs. Like zebrafish, stickleback replacement tooth germs additionally express Lef1 and exhibit active Wnt signaling. Thus, two fish systems that either have an organized successional dental lamina (zebrafish) or lack a morphologically distinct successional dental lamina (sticklebacks) deploy similar genetic programs during tooth regeneration. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the expression domains described here delineate a highly conserved "successional dental epithelium" (SDE). Furthermore, a set of orthologous genes is known to mark hair follicle epithelial stem cells in mice, suggesting that regenerative systems in other epithelial appendages may utilize a related epithelial progenitor cell type, despite the highly derived nature of the resulting functional organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Square
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - Shivani Sundaram
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Emma J Mackey
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Craig T Miller
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
Wnt signaling is an important morphogenetic signaling pathway best known for its essential role in determining embryonic cell fates; it is often activated to re-specify fetal cells or to maintain the lineage flexibility of somatic stem cells. In this review, we consider the role of this pathway in the remarkable process of differentiation, growth and morphogenesis of the mammary gland during embryogenesis, ductal outgrowth and pregnancy. Specifically, mammary stem cells are compared with stem cells from other tissues, to identify commonalities and differences. Wnt signaling is known to be required to maintain the bipotent basal stem cell present in adult mammary ductal trees, however, the absence of this stem cell has little effect on growth or morphogenesis, and Wnt signaling is not induced during the ductal/alveolar expansion during pregnancy. The evidence for pre-determined hierarchies of mammary epithelial cells is reviewed, together with the role of signaling between mixtures of specified mammary epithelial cells in the maintenance of Wnt-dependent clonagenic stem cells. The dazzling variety of Wnt signaling components expressed by mammary epithelial cells is presented, along with some potential stromal sources of Wnt proteins that may be important starting points for the induction of plasticity in the epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Gaillard D, Barlow LA. A Mechanistic Overview of Taste Bud Maintenance and Impairment in Cancer Therapies. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6161548. [PMID: 33693542 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 20th century, progress in cancer therapies has significantly improved disease prognosis. Nonetheless, cancer treatments are often associated with side effects that can negatively affect patient well-being and disrupt the course of treatment. Among the main side effects, taste impairment is associated with depression, malnutrition, and morbid weight loss. Although relatively common, taste disruption associated with cancer therapies remains poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms underlying taste maintenance and disruption in the context of cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop 8108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop 8108, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
He J, Jing J, Feng J, Han X, Yuan Y, Guo T, Pei F, Ma Y, Cho C, Ho TV, Chai Y. Lhx6 regulates canonical Wnt signaling to control the fate of mesenchymal progenitor cells during mouse molar root patterning. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009320. [PMID: 33596195 PMCID: PMC7920342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian tooth crown formation has long served as a model for investigating how patterning and morphogenesis are orchestrated during development. However, the mechanism underlying root patterning and morphogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we find that Lhx6 labels a subpopulation of root progenitor cells in the apical dental mesenchyme, which is closely associated with furcation development. Loss of Lhx6 leads to furcation and root number defects, indicating that Lhx6 is a key root patterning regulator. Among the multiple cellular events regulated by Lhx6 is the odontoblast fate commitment of progenitor cells, which it controls in a cell-autonomous manner. Specifically, Lhx6 loss leads to elevated expression of the Wnt antagonist Sfrp2 and down-regulation of Wnt signaling in the furcation region, while overactivation of Wnt signaling in Lhx6+ progenitor cells partially restore the furcation defects in Lhx6-/- mice. Collectively, our findings have important implications for understanding organ morphogenesis and future strategies for tooth root regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhi He
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, Sichuan province, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xia Han
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tingwei Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fei Pei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Courtney Cho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Lin Y, Chen L, Zhang M, Xie S, Du L, Zhang X, Li H. Eccrine Sweat Gland and Its Regeneration: Current Status and Future Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667765. [PMID: 34395417 PMCID: PMC8355620 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) play an important role in temperature regulation by secreting sweat. Insufficiency or dysfunction of ESGs in a hot environment or during exercise can lead to hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and even death, but the ability of ESGs to repair and regenerate themselves is very weak and limited. Repairing the damaged ESGs and regenerating the lost or dysfunctional ESGs poses a challenge for dermatologists and bum surgeons. To promote and accelerate research on the repair and regeneration of ESGs, we summarized the development, structure and function of ESGs, and current strategies to repair and regenerate ESGs based on stem cells, scaffolds, and possible signaling pathways involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liyun Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sitian Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lijie Du
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Wound Repair and Dermatologic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Haihong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wu Z, Hai E, Di Z, Ma R, Shang F, Wang Y, Wang M, Liang L, Rong Y, Pan J, Wu W, Su R, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang Y, Li J. Using WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) to identify the hub genes of skin hair follicle development in fetus stage of Inner Mongolia cashmere goat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243507. [PMID: 33351808 PMCID: PMC7755285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mature hair follicles represent an important stage of hair follicle development, which determines the stability of hair follicle structure and its ability to enter the hair cycle. Here, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify hub genes of mature skin and hair follicles in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. METHODS We used transcriptome sequencing data for the skin of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats from fetal days 45-135 days, and divided the co expressed genes into different modules by WGCNA. Characteristic values were used to screen out modules that were highly expressed in mature skin follicles. Module hub genes were then selected based on the correlation coefficients between the gene and module eigenvalue, gene connectivity, and Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Ten modules were successfully defined, of which one, with a total of 3166 genes, was selected as a specific module through sample and gene expression pattern analyses. A total of 584 candidate hub genes in the module were screened by the correlation coefficients between the genes and module eigenvalue and gene connectivity. Finally, GO/KEGG functional enrichment analyses detected WNT10A as a key gene in the development and maturation of skin hair follicles in fetal Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. qPCR showed that the expression trends of 13 genes from seven fetal skin samples were consistent with the sequencing results, indicating that the sequencing results were reliable.n.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Erhan Hai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengyang Di
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fangzheng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lili Liang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Youjun Rong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Zhenlai Hehe Animal Husbandry Development Co., Ltd, Baicheng, China
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- * E-mail: (JL); , (YZ)
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- * E-mail: (JL); , (YZ)
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Recent Discoveries on the Involvement of Krüppel-Like Factor 4 in the Most Common Cancer Types. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228843. [PMID: 33266506 PMCID: PMC7700188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor highly conserved in evolution. It is particularly well known for its role in inducing pluripotent stem cells. In addition, KLF4 plays many roles in cancer. The results of most studies suggest that KLF4 is a tumor suppressor. However, the functioning of KLF4 is regulated at many levels. These include regulation of transcription, alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization, protein stability and interactions with other molecules. Simple experiments aimed at assaying transcript levels or protein levels fail to address this complexity and thus may deliver misleading results. Tumor subtypes are also important; for example, in prostate cancer KLF4 is highly expressed in indolent tumors where it impedes tumor progression, while it is absent from aggressive prostate tumors. KLF4 is important in regulating response to many known drugs, and it also plays a role in tumor microenvironment. More and more information is available about upstream regulators, downstream targets and signaling pathways associated with the involvement of KLF4 in cancer. Furthermore, KLF4 performs critical function in the overall regulation of tissue homeostasis, cellular integrity, and progression towards malignancy. Here we summarize and analyze the latest findings concerning this fascinating transcription factor.
Collapse
|
63
|
Exploiting teeth as a model to study basic features of signaling pathways. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2729-2742. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Teeth constitute a classical model for the study of signaling pathways and their roles in mediating interactions between cells and tissues in organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. Rodent teeth are mostly used as experimental models. Rodent molars have proved fundamental in the study of epithelial–mesenchymal interactions and embryonic organ morphogenesis, as well as to faithfully model human diseases affecting dental tissues. The continuously growing rodent incisor is an excellent tool for the investigation of the mechanisms regulating stem cells dynamics in homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the use of teeth as a model to investigate signaling pathways, providing an overview of the many unique experimental approaches offered by this organ. We discuss how complex networks of signaling pathways modulate the various aspects of tooth biology, and the models used to obtain this knowledge. Finally, we introduce new experimental approaches that allow the study of more complex interactions, such as the crosstalk between dental tissues, innervation and vascularization.
Collapse
|
64
|
Sharma M, Pruitt K. Wnt Pathway: An Integral Hub for Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8018. [PMID: 33126517 PMCID: PMC7663720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is an integral cell-to-cell signaling hub which regulates crucial development processes and maintenance of tissue homeostasis by coordinating cell proliferation, differentiation, cell polarity, cell movement, and stem cell renewal. When dysregulated, it is associated with various developmental diseases, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. We now better appreciate the complexity and crosstalk of the Wnt pathway with other signaling cascades. Emerging roles of the Wnt signaling in the cancer stem cell niche and drug resistance have led to development of therapeutics specifically targeting various Wnt components, with some agents currently in clinical trials. This review highlights historical and recent findings on key mediators of Wnt signaling and how they impact antitumor immunity and maintenance of cancer stem cells. This review also examines current therapeutics being developed that modulate Wnt signaling in cancer and discusses potential shortcomings associated with available therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Zeng Y, Baugh E, Akyalcin S, Letra A. Functional Effects of WNT10A Rare Variants Associated with Tooth Agenesis. J Dent Res 2020; 100:302-309. [PMID: 33034246 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520962728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in WNT10A have frequently been reported as etiologic for tooth agenesis (TA). However, the effects of WNT10A variation on gene/protein function and contribution to TA phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we performed bioinformatic and functional characterization analysis of WNT10A variants. In silico prediction of variant function was performed with VIPUR for all WNT10A missense variants reported in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database. Functional characterization experiments were then performed for selected WNT10A variants previously associated with TA. Expression vectors for wild-type and mutant WNT10A were made and transfected into stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for evaluation of gene/protein function, WNT signaling activity, and effects on expression of relevant genes. While 75% of WNT10A variants were predicted neutral, most of the TA-associated variants received deleterious scores by potentially destabilizing or preventing the disulfide bond formation required for proper protein function. WNT signaling was significantly decreased with 8 of 13 variants tested, whereas wild-type-like activity was retained with 4 of 13 variants. WNT10A-mutant cells (T357I, R360C, and R379C mutants) showed reduced or impaired binding affinity to FZD5, suggesting a potential mechanism for the decreased WNT signaling. Mutant cells also had decreased WNT10A protein expression in comparison to wild-type cells. mRNA expression of PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, and RUNX2 (known tooth development genes) was perturbed in mutant cells and quite significantly for PAX9 and RUNX2. Transcriptome analysis of wild-type and T357I-mutant cells identified 36 differentially expressed genes (26 downregulated, 10 upregulated) involved in skeletal system development and morphogenesis and pattern specification. WNT10A variants deemed pathogenic for TA likely affect protein folding and/or stabilization, leading to decreased WNT signaling and concomitant dysregulated expression of relevant genes. These findings may allow for improved interpretation of TA phenotypes upon clinical diagnosis while providing important insights toward the development of future tooth replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Zeng
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Baugh
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Akyalcin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Pediatric Research Center, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Han X, Wang M, Liu C, Trush O, Takayama R, Akiyama T, Naito T, Tomomizu T, Imamura K, Sato M. DWnt4 and DWnt10 Regulate Morphogenesis and Arrangement of Columnar Units via Fz2/PCP Signaling in the Drosophila Brain. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108305. [PMID: 33113378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Columns are structural and functional units of the brain. However, the mechanism of column formation remains unclear. The medulla of the fly visual center shares features with the mammalian cerebral cortex, such as columnar and layered structures, and provides a good opportunity to study the mechanisms of column formation. Column formation is initiated by three core neurons in the medulla, namely, Mi1, R8, and R7. The proper orientation of neurons is required for the orientation and arrangement of multiple columns. Their orientations may be under the control of planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, because it is known to regulate the orientation of cells in two-dimensional tissue structures. In this study, we demonstrate that the ligands DWnt4 and DWnt10 expressed specifically in the ventral medulla and dorsal medulla, respectively, globally regulate the columnar arrangement and orientation of Mi1 and R8 terminals through Fz2/PCP signaling in a three-dimensional space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Han
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Miaoxing Wang
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chuyan Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Olena Trush
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Rie Takayama
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akiyama
- Division of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshiki Naito
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomomizu
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kousuke Imamura
- Faculty of Electrical, Information and Communication Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Xu H, Yang X, Huang W, Ma Y, Ke H, Zou L, Yang Q, Jiao B. Single-cell profiling of long noncoding RNAs and their cell lineage commitment roles via RNA-DNA-DNA triplex formation in mammary epithelium. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1594-1611. [PMID: 32930441 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are crucial for organ development, exhibit cell-specific expression. Thus, transcriptomic analysis based on total tissue (bulk-seq) cannot accurately reflect the expression pattern of lncRNAs. Here, we used high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq data to investigate the role of lncRNAs using the hierarchical model of mammary epithelium. With our comprehensive annotation of the mammary epithelium, lncRNAs showed much greater cell-lineage specific expression than coding genes. The lineage-specific lncRNAs were functionally correlated with lineage commitment through the coding genes via the cis- and trans-effects of lncRNAs. For the working mechanism, lncRNAs formed a triplex structure with the DNA helix to regulate downstream lineage-specific marker genes. We used lncRNA-Carmn as an example to validate the above findings. Carmn, which is specifically expressed in mammary gland stem cells (MaSCs) and basal cells, positively regulated the Wnt signaling ligand Wnt10a through formation of a lncRNA-DNA-DNA triplex, and thus controlled the stemness of MaSCs. Our study suggests that lncRNAs play essential roles in cell-lineage commitment and provides an approach to decipher lncRNA functions based on single-cell RNA-seq data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiren Huang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Wang Z, Zhou J, Marshall B, Rekaya R, Ye K, Liu HX. SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is Enriched in a Subpopulation of Mouse Tongue Epithelial Cells in Nongustatory Papillae but Not in Taste Buds or Embryonic Oral Epithelium. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:749-758. [PMID: 32821883 PMCID: PMC7409941 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection caused taste loss at a rate higher than that of influenza. ACE2, the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, has been identified in the oral epithelium; however, it is unclear at what developmental stage ACE2 expression emerges and whether ACE2 is expressed in taste buds. To identify the specific developmental stage, we analyzed RNA-Seq data from embryonic and newborn mouse oral tissue. We found that robust ACE2 expression was observed in the newborn oral epithelium. In contrast, only extremely low levels, if any, of ACE2 transcripts in the embryonic stage oral tissue were found (E12.5 and E14.5). Analyses of three public scRNA-seq data sets of adult mouse tongue epithelial cells showed that receptors for various viruses were enriched in distinct clusters of tongue epithelial cells. ACE2 was enriched in a subpopulation of epithelial cells in the basal region of nongustatory filiform papillae but not in the taste papillae or taste buds. Expression of ACE2 was detected in a small proportion of type III taste cells. Our results indicate that when applied across species, nongustatory papilla epithelial cells are the prime targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the tongue; thus, taste loss in COVID-19 patients is likely not caused by a direct infection of SARS-CoV-2 to taste bud cells. Additionally, fetuses at different stages of development may have distinct susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghou Wang
- Regenerative
Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jingqi Zhou
- Department
of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Brett Marshall
- Regenerative
Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Romdhane Rekaya
- Department
of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Institute
of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department
of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Institute
of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative
Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
van Steensel MAM. From genome-wide association to biological explanation. Br J Dermatol 2020; 181:1113-1114. [PMID: 31797373 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A M van Steensel
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Pasadyn SR, Haseley A, Irfan M. WNT10A Mutation Causes Ectodermal Dysplasia in a Patient Mosaic for Turner Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:57-58. [PMID: 32884623 PMCID: PMC7442305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
WNT10A plays a role in the proper proliferation and differentiation of ectodermal structures. Mutations in this gene can be responsible for a highly phenotypically variable range of disorders termed ectodermal dysplasias. Here, we describe the case of a five-year-old male patient who is mosaic for Turner syndrome (45,X [90%]/46,X isodicentric Y [10%]) and who presented to dermatology with anhidrosis, conical-shaped teeth, and a slowed rate of hair growth with genetic testing subsequently revealing a likely pathogenic heterozygous variant in WNT10A (c.682T>A; p.Phe228Ile). Future investigation into the WNT10A pathway, which is regulated downstream by β-catenin, might allow topical therapeutics to be developed that promote normal ectodermal growth and differentiation. Current management for this patient includes precautions taken to prevent overheating and heat stroke and close dermatological and dental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selena R Pasadyn
- Ms. Pasadyn is with the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio
- Ms. Haseley is with the Genomic Medicine Institute at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio
- Dr. Irfan is with the Department of Dermatology at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexandria Haseley
- Ms. Pasadyn is with the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio
- Ms. Haseley is with the Genomic Medicine Institute at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio
- Dr. Irfan is with the Department of Dermatology at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahwish Irfan
- Ms. Pasadyn is with the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio
- Ms. Haseley is with the Genomic Medicine Institute at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio
- Dr. Irfan is with the Department of Dermatology at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yu M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wong SW, Wu J, Liu H, Feng H, Han D. Epithelial Wnt10a Is Essential for Tooth Root Furcation Morphogenesis. J Dent Res 2020; 99:311-319. [PMID: 31914354 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519897607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT10A (Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A) plays a crucial role in tooth development, and patients with biallelic WNT10A mutation and mice lacking Wnt10a show taurodontism. However, whether epithelial or mesenchymal WNT10A controls the initiation of the root furcation formation remains unclear, and the functional significance of WNT10A in regulating root morphogenesis has not been clarified. Here, we investigated how Wnt10a affects tooth root development by generating different tissue-specific Wnt10a conditional knockout mice. Wnt10a knockout in the whole tissue (EIIa-Cre;Wnt10aflox/flox) and in dental epithelium (K14-Cre;Wnt10aflox/flox) led to an absence of or apically located root furcation in molars of mice, a phenotype that resembled taurodontism. An RNAscope analysis showed that the dynamic epithelial and mesenchymal Wnt10a expression pattern occurred during root development. Immunofluorescent staining of E-cadherin and EdU revealed decreased epithelial cell proliferation at the cervical region of the molar in K14-Cre;Wnt10aflox/flox mice at postnatal day 0 (PN0), just before the initiation of root morphogenesis. Interestingly, we found increased pulpal mesenchymal cell proliferation in the presumptive root furcating region of the molar in K14-Cre;Wnt10aflox/flox mice at PN4 and PN7. RNA-seq indicated that among the Wnt ligands with high endogenous expression levels in molars, Wnt4 was increased after epithelial knockout of Wnt10a. The RNAscope assay confirmed that the expression of Wnt4 and Axin2 in the dental papilla of the presumptive root furcating region, where dental pulp overgrowth occurred, was increased in K14-Cre;Wnt10aflox/flox molars. Furthermore, after suppression of the elevated Wnt4 level in K14-Cre;Wnt10aflox/flox molars by Wnt4 shRNA adenovirus and kidney capsule grafts, the root furcation defect was partially rescued. Taken together, our study provides the first in vivo evidence that epithelial Wnt10a guides root furcation formation and plays a crucial role in controlling the organized proliferation of adjacent mesenchymal cells by regulating proper Wnt4 expression during root furcation morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S W Wong
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Care-Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - D Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Wang C, Cao H, Gu S, Shi C, Chen X, Han X. Expression analysis of microRNAs and mRNAs in myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2019; 112:10-16. [PMID: 31838455 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious lung disease that involved the myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs). However, the specific molecular mechanisms of myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs still remain a mystery. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs changes in LR-MSCs treated with TGF-β1 was performed. Through computational approaches, the pivotal roles of differentially expressed miRNAs that were associated with tight junction, pathways in cancer, focal adhesion, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were shown. Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and inhibitor of growth family, member 5 (Ing5) may be the targets for the therapy of pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and EMT. Collectively, a molecular paradigm for understanding myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs in IPF was provided by the integrated miRNA/mRNA analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of New Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Honghui Cao
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Shen Gu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Chaowen Shi
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Gaillard D, Shechtman LA, Millar SE, Barlow LA. Fractionated head and neck irradiation impacts taste progenitors, differentiated taste cells, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in adult mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17934. [PMID: 31784592 PMCID: PMC6884601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer patients receiving conventional repeated, low dose radiotherapy (fractionated IR) suffer from taste dysfunction that can persist for months and often years after treatment. To understand the mechanisms underlying functional taste loss, we established a fractionated IR mouse model to characterize how taste buds are affected. Following fractionated IR, we found as in our previous study using single dose IR, taste progenitor proliferation was reduced and progenitor cell number declined, leading to interruption in the supply of new taste receptor cells to taste buds. However, in contrast to a single dose of IR, we did not encounter increased progenitor cell death in response to fractionated IR. Instead, fractionated IR induced death of cells within taste buds. Overall, taste buds were smaller and fewer following fractionated IR, and contained fewer differentiated cells. In response to fractionated IR, expression of Wnt pathway genes, Ctnnb1, Tcf7, Lef1 and Lgr5 were reduced concomitantly with reduced progenitor proliferation. However, recovery of Wnt signaling post-IR lagged behind proliferative recovery. Overall, our data suggest carefully timed, local activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling may mitigate radiation injury and/or speed recovery of taste cell renewal following fractionated IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Lauren A Shechtman
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hawkshaw N, Hardman J, Alam M, Jimenez F, Paus R. Deciphering the molecular morphology of the human hair cycle: Wnt signalling during the telogen–anagen transformation. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:1184-1193. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.J. Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research The University of Manchester and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
| | - J.A. Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research The University of Manchester and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
| | - M. Alam
- Mediteknia Skin and Hair Lab Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH Münster Germany
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa‐Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - F. Jimenez
- Mediteknia Skin and Hair Lab Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
- Universidad Fernando Pessoa‐Canarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - R. Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research The University of Manchester and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
- Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH Münster Germany
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Zhuan B, Lu Y, Chen Q, Zhao X, Li P, Yuan Q, Yang Z. Overexpression of the long noncoding RNA TRHDE‐AS1 inhibits the progression of lung cancer via the miRNA‐103/KLF4 axis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17616-17624. [PMID: 31119790 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine Luohe Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Luohe Henan China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Qun Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital Yinchuan Ningxia China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities Yinchuan Ningxia China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital Suzhou Jiangsu China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Park H, Song JS, Shin TJ, Hyun HK, Kim YJ, Kim JW. WNT10A mutations causing oligodontia. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 103:8-11. [PMID: 31103801 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the molecular genetic etiology of the families with non-syndromic multiple missing permanent teeth (oligodontia). MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated and measured, and whole-exome sequencing was performed. The obtained sequencing reads were aligned to the human reference genome and subsequently processed by a series of bioinformatics programs. Finally, short insertions/deletions and single nucleotide variations were annotated with dbSNP build 138. RESULTS The proband of family 1 was missing 14 permanent teeth, and the mutational analysis revealed compound heterozygousWNT10A mutations (c.364A > T and c.511C > T). Two affected individuals in family 2 were missing 20 and 12 permanent teeth, respectively, and compound heterozygous WNT10A mutations (c.364A > T and c.637G > A) were also identified. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals compound heterozygousWNT10A missense mutations in two families with non-syndromic oligodontia which will improve the understanding of odontogenesis and the pathogenesis related to WNT10A mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haemin Park
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Teo Jeon Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Keun Hyun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Tsukamoto M, Wang KY, Tasaki T, Murata Y, Okada Y, Yamanaka Y, Nakamura E, Yamada S, Izumi H, Zhou Q, Azuma K, Sasaguri Y, Kohno K, Sakai A. Findings as a starting point to unravel the underlying mechanisms of in vivo interactions involving Wnt10a in bone, fat and muscle. Bone 2019; 120:75-84. [PMID: 30315998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wnt10a is a member of the WNT family. Although deficiency of this gene causes symptoms related to teeth, hair, nails, and skin, we recently demonstrated a new phenotype of Wnt10a knockout (KO) mice involving bone and fat. The in vivo effect of the Wnt10a gene on bone and fat is unclear, and the relationship between bone/fat and muscle in Wnt10a signaling is also interesting. We aimed to evaluate the tissue changes in Wnt10a KO mice compared to wild-type mice and show the findings as a starting point to unravel the underlying mechanisms of in vivo interactions involving Wnt10a in bone, fat and muscle. Trabecular bone loss in the lower limbs of Wnt10a mice and decreased bone mineralization were observed. The adipose tissue in bone marrow was also decreased, and adipocyte differentiation was reduced. The body fat mass in Wnt10a KO mice was decreased, and white adipocytes in subcutaneous fat were converted to beige adipocytes. The muscle weight of the lower limbs was not decreased despite trabecular bone loss, but Gdf8/myostatin expression was reduced in the subcutaneous fat and gastrocnemius muscles of Wnt10a KO mice. Thus, in vivo deletion of Wnt10a inhibited osteogenic activity, promoted beige adipogenesis of white adipocytes and maintained muscle mass. These results suggest that regulation of Gdf8 by Wnt10a may help maintain the muscle mass of Wnt10a KO mice. This study was the first to histologically evaluate the bone, fat and muscle phenotypes of Wnt10a KO mice. The results of this study, which were obtained by investigating the three tissues together, could influence the understanding of in vivo interactions involving the Wnt10a gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Murata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kagaku Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan
| | | | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health University, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Reynolds K, Kumari P, Sepulveda Rincon L, Gu R, Ji Y, Kumar S, Zhou CJ. Wnt signaling in orofacial clefts: crosstalk, pathogenesis and models. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/2/dmm037051. [PMID: 30760477 PMCID: PMC6398499 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse signaling cues and attendant proteins work together during organogenesis, including craniofacial development. Lip and palate formation starts as early as the fourth week of gestation in humans or embryonic day 9.5 in mice. Disruptions in these early events may cause serious consequences, such as orofacial clefts, mainly cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Morphogenetic Wnt signaling, along with other signaling pathways and transcription regulation mechanisms, plays crucial roles during embryonic development, yet the signaling mechanisms and interactions in lip and palate formation and fusion remain poorly understood. Various Wnt signaling and related genes have been associated with orofacial clefts. This Review discusses the role of Wnt signaling and its crosstalk with cell adhesion molecules, transcription factors, epigenetic regulators and other morphogenetic signaling pathways, including the Bmp, Fgf, Tgfβ, Shh and retinoic acid pathways, in orofacial clefts in humans and animal models, which may provide a better understanding of these disorders and could be applied towards prevention and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lessly Sepulveda Rincon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ran Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA .,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Li S, Zheng X, Nie Y, Chen W, Liu Z, Tao Y, Hu X, Hu Y, Qiao H, Qi Q, Pei Q, Cai D, Yu M, Mou C. Defining Key Genes Regulating Morphogenesis of Apocrine Sweat Gland in Sheepskin. Front Genet 2019; 9:739. [PMID: 30761184 PMCID: PMC6363705 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The apocrine sweat gland is a unique skin appendage in humans compared to mouse and chicken models. The absence of apocrine sweat glands in chicken and murine skin largely restrains further understanding of the complexity of human skin biology and skin diseases, like hircismus. Sheep may serve as an additional system for skin appendage investigation owing to the distributions and histological similarities between the apocrine sweat glands of sheep trunk skin and human armpit skin. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying morphogenesis of apocrine sweat glands in sheepskin, transcriptome analyses were conducted to reveal 1631 differentially expressed genes that were mainly enriched in three functional groups (cellular component, molecular function and biological process), particularly in gland, epithelial, hair follicle and skin development. There were 7 Gene Ontology (GO) terms enriched in epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis of branching epithelium that were potentially correlated with the wool follicle peg elongation. An additional 5 GO terms were enriched in gland morphogenesis (20 genes), gland development (42 genes), salivary gland morphogenesis and development (8 genes), branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis (6 genes) and mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation (4 genes). The enriched gland-related genes and two Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway genes (WNT and TGF-β) were potentially involved in the induction of apocrine sweat glands. Genes named BMPR1A, BMP7, SMAD4, TGFB3, WIF1, and WNT10B were selected to validate transcript expression by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize markers for hair follicle (SOX2), skin fibroblast (PDGFRB), stem cells (SOX9) and BMP signaling (SMAD5) in sheepskin. SOX2 and PDGFRB were absent in apocrine sweat glands. SOX9 and SMAD5 were both observed in precursor cells of apocrine sweat glands and later in gland ducts. These results combined with the upregulation of BMP signaling genes indicate that apocrine sweat glands were originated from outer root sheath of primary wool follicle and positively regulated by BMP signaling. This report established the primary network regulating early development of apocrine sweat glands in sheepskin and will facilitate the further understanding of histology and pathology of apocrine sweat glands in human and companion animal skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaomei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangfan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfeng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Haisheng Qiao
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Quanqing Qi
- Sanjiaocheng Sheep Breeding Farm, Haibei, China
| | | | - Danzhuoma Cai
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Haixi, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Mou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Kumagai M, Guo X, Wang KY, Izumi H, Tsukamoto M, Nakashima T, Tasaki T, Kurose N, Uramoto H, Sasaguri Y, Kohno K, Yamada S. Depletion of WNT10A Prevents Tumor Growth by Suppressing Microvessels and Collagen Expression. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:416-423. [PMID: 30911276 PMCID: PMC6428976 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.26997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We recently reported that WNT10A plays a pivotal role in wound healing by regulating collagen expression/synthesis, as the depletion of WNT10A dramatically delays skin ulcer formation. WNT signaling also has a close correlation with the cancer microenvironment and proliferation, since tumors are actually considered to be 'unhealing' or 'overhealing' wounds. To ascertain the in vivo regulatory functions of WNT10A in tumor growth, we examined the net effects of WNT10A depletion using Wnt10a-deficient mice (Wnt10a -/-). Methods and Results: We subjected C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) or Wnt10a -/- mice to murine melanoma B16-F10 cell transplantation. Wnt10a -/- mice showed a significantly smaller volume of transplanted melanoma as well as fewer microvessels and less collagen expression and more necrosis than WT mice. Conclusions: Taken together, our observations suggest that critical in vivo roles of Wnt10a-depleted anti-stromagenesis prevent tumor growth, in contrast with true wound healing/scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motona Kumagai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Tamiji Nakashima
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kurose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.,Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Fukuoka 816-0864, Japan
| | | | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Yu M, Liu Y, Liu H, Wong SW, He H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Han D, Feng H. Distinct impacts of bi-allelic WNT10A
mutations on the permanent and primary dentitions in odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 179:57-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.60682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| | - Haochen Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| | - Sing-Wai Wong
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Huiying He
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| | - Hailan Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing PR China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Petridis C, Navarini AA, Dand N, Saklatvala J, Baudry D, Duckworth M, Allen MH, Curtis CJ, Lee SH, Burden AD, Layton A, Bataille V, Pink AE, Carlavan I, Voegel JJ, Spector TD, Trembath RC, McGrath JA, Smith CH, Barker JN, Simpson MA. Genome-wide meta-analysis implicates mediators of hair follicle development and morphogenesis in risk for severe acne. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5075. [PMID: 30542056 PMCID: PMC6290788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a highly heritable common, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin for which five genetic risk loci have so far been identified. Here, we perform a genome-wide association study of 3823 cases and 16,144 controls followed by meta-analysis with summary statistics from a previous study, with a total sample size of 26,722. We identify 20 independent association signals at 15 risk loci, 12 of which have not been previously implicated in the disease. Likely causal variants disrupt the coding region of WNT10A and a P63 transcription factor binding site in SEMA4B. Risk alleles at the 1q25 locus are associated with increased expression of LAMC2, in which biallelic loss-of-function mutations cause the blistering skin disease epidermolysis bullosa. These findings indicate that variation affecting the structure and maintenance of the skin, in particular the pilosebaceous unit, is a critical aspect of the genetic predisposition to severe acne. Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of the skin, the genetic basis of which is incompletely understood. Here, Petridis et al. perform GWAS and meta-analysis for acne in 26,722 individuals and identify 12 novel risk loci that implicate structure and maintenance of the skin in severe acne risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Petridis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Departement of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nick Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jake Saklatvala
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David Baudry
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael Duckworth
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael H Allen
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charles J Curtis
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) & Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A David Burden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alison Layton
- Department of Dermatology, Harrogate and District Foundation Trust, Harrogate, HG2 7SX, UK
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew E Pink
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Isabelle Carlavan
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Johannes J Voegel
- Research Department, Galderma R&D, Sophia Antipolis, 06410 Biot, France
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Regional Control of Hairless versus Hair-Bearing Skin by Dkk2. Cell Rep 2018; 25:2981-2991.e3. [PMID: 30509557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haired skin is a defining characteristic of mammals. However, some specialized skin regions, such as human palms, soles and ventral wrist, and mouse plantar foot, are entirely hairless. Using mouse plantar skin as a model system, we show that the endogenous secreted Wnt inhibitor DKK2 suppresses plantar hair follicle development and permits the formation of hairless skin. Plantar skin retains all of the mechanistic components needed for hair follicle development, as genetic deletion of Dkk2 permits formation of fully functional plantar hair follicles that give rise to external hair, contain sebaceous glands and a stem cell compartment, and undergo regenerative growth. In the absence of Dkk2, Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity is initially broadly elevated in embryonic plantar skin and gradually becomes patterned, mimicking follicular development in normally haired areas. These data provide a paradigm in which regionally restricted expression of a Wnt inhibitor underlies specification of hairless versus hairy skin.
Collapse
|
84
|
Kahle P, Ludolphy C, Kierdorf H, Kierdorf U. Dental anomalies and lesions in Eastern Atlantic harbor seals, Phoca vitulina vitulina (Carnivora, Phocidae), from the German North Sea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204079. [PMID: 30281623 PMCID: PMC6169878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skulls of 1,901 Eastern Atlantic harbor seals (Phoca vitulina vitulina) were systematically studied for externally visible dental anomalies and lesions. The sample comprised 927 males and 974 female individuals, with age at death ranging between 1 week and 25 years. Most of the skulls originated from animals collected in 1988, when the population suffered from a mass mortality event caused by the phocine distemper virus (PDV). Mean age (± SD) of females (6.7 ± 6.4 years) was higher (p = 0.002) than that of males (5.9 ± 5.2 years). In 264 individuals, one or more teeth were missing either congenitally (n = 26 animals, 1.4%) or due to intravital loss (n = 238 animals, 12.5%). One male exhibited congenital absence of all teeth (anodontia). As this animal had been reported to be almost hairless, the condition was tentatively diagnosed as a case of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Males were more frequently (p = 0.002) affected by intravital tooth loss (15.0%) than females (10.2%). Supernumerary teeth were found in 3.4% of the skulls, with females (4.7%) showing hyperodontia more frequently (p < 0.001) than males (1.9%). Fifty-nine individuals (3.1%; 28 males, 31 females, p = 0.84) exhibited abnormal tooth morphology. Tooth fractures were noted in 40 seals (2.1%), with males being more frequently affected than females (p = 0.017). Periapical lesions were diagnosed in 143 skulls, with a tendency (p = 0.05) for males (8.7%) to be more frequently affected than females (6.4%). Enamel hypoplasia was not observed in the study sample. Analyzing the occurrence of dental anomalies and lesions in wild mammals can substantially contribute to an assessment of population health and thereby broaden the basis for effective species conservation and informed management decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kahle
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | | | - Horst Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chen E, Li Q, Wang H, Yang F, Min L, Yang J. MiR-92a promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer, a transcriptomic and functional based study. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1370-1377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
|
86
|
Dittmer J. Breast cancer stem cells: Features, key drivers and treatment options. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:59-74. [PMID: 30059727 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current view is that breast cancer is a stem cell disease characterized by the existence of cancer cells with stem-like features and tumor-initiating potential. These cells are made responsible for tumor dissemination and metastasis. Common therapies by chemotherapeutic drugs fail to eradicate these cells and rather increase the pool of cancer stem cells in tumors, an effect that may increase the likelyhood of recurrence. Fifteen years after the first evidence for a small stem-like subpopulation playing a major role in breast cancer initiation has been published a large body of knowledge has been accumulated regarding the signaling cascades and proteins involved in maintaining stemness in breast cancer. Differences in the stem cell pool size and in mechanisms regulating stemness in the different breast cancer subtypes have emerged. Overall, this knowledge offers new approaches to intervene with breast cancer stem cell activity. New options are particularly needed for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer subtype, which is particularly rich in cancer stem cells and is also the subtype for which specific therapies are still not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Hawkshaw NJ, Hardman JA, Haslam IS, Shahmalak A, Gilhar A, Lim X, Paus R. Identifying novel strategies for treating human hair loss disorders: Cyclosporine A suppresses the Wnt inhibitor, SFRP1, in the dermal papilla of human scalp hair follicles. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003705. [PMID: 29738529 PMCID: PMC5940179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair growth disorders often carry a major psychological burden. Therefore, more effective human hair growth–modulatory agents urgently need to be developed. Here, we used the hypertrichosis-inducing immunosuppressant, Cyclosporine A (CsA), as a lead compound to identify new hair growth–promoting molecular targets. Through microarray analysis we identified the Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), as being down-regulated in the dermal papilla (DP) of CsA-treated human scalp hair follicles (HFs) ex vivo. Therefore, we further investigated the function of SFRP1 using a pharmacological approach and found that SFRP1 regulates intrafollicular canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity through inhibition of Wnt ligands in the human hair bulb. Conversely, inhibiting SFRP1 activity through the SFRP1 antagonist, WAY-316606, enhanced hair shaft production, hair shaft keratin expression, and inhibited spontaneous HF regression (catagen) ex vivo. Collectively, these data (a) identify Wnt signalling as a novel, non–immune-inhibitory CsA target; (b) introduce SFRP1 as a physiologically important regulator of canonical β-catenin activity in a human (mini-)organ; and (c) demonstrate WAY-316606 to be a promising new promoter of human hair growth. Since inhibiting SFRP1 only facilitates Wnt signalling through ligands that are already present, this ‘ligand-limited’ therapeutic strategy for promoting human hair growth may circumvent potential oncological risks associated with chronic Wnt over-activation. Hair loss is a common disorder and can lead to psychological distress. Cyclosporine A, a fungal metabolite commonly used as an immunosuppressant, can potently induce hair growth in humans. However, it cannot be effectively used to restore hair growth because of its toxic profile. In this study, we used Cyclosporine A as a lead compound to identify novel therapeutic targets that can aid the development of new hair growth–promoting agents. Through microarray analysis, we found that the level of the secreted Wnt inhibitor, SFRP1, was significantly reduced by Cyclosporine A. This inspired us to design a new pharmacological approach that uses WAY-316606, a reportedly well-tolerated and specific antagonist of SFRP1, to prolong the growth phase of the hair cycle. We show that WAY-316606 enhances human hair growth ex vivo, suggesting that it is a more targeted hair growth promoter with the potential to treat human hair loss disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S. Haslam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wang KY, Yamada S, Izumi H, Tsukamoto M, Nakashima T, Tasaki T, Guo X, Uramoto H, Sasaguri Y, Kohno K. Critical in vivo roles of WNT10A in wound healing by regulating collagen expression/synthesis in WNT10A-deficient mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195156. [PMID: 29596490 PMCID: PMC5875851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have reported that WNT10A plays a critical role in the growth of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells, i.e.; wound healing/scarring. To ascertain the in vivo regulatory, central functions of WNT10A, we examined the net effects of WNT10A depletion using WNT10A-deficient mice (WNT10A–/–). Methods and results We generated WNT10A–/–mice, displaying a range of unique phenotypes of morpho/organogenetic failure, such as growth retardation, alopecia, kyphosis and infertility, and then focused on the functions of WNT10A in wound healing. We subjected C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) or WNT10A–/–mice to skin ulcer formation. The WNT10A–/–mice had significantly larger injured areas and delayed wound healing, which were associated with (a) a smaller number of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and microvessels; and (b) more reduced expression and synthesis of collagen, compared with WT mice with intact WNT10A expression, especially in those with activated myofibroblasts. Conclusions These observations indicate that WNT10A signaling can play a pivotal in vivo role in wound healing by regulating the expression and synthesis of collagen, as one of fibrogenic factors, at least in part, and critical in vivo roles of WNT10A-mediated effective wound healing are extremely closely associated with collagen expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (SY); (KK)
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tamiji Nakashima
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Tasaki
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Fukuoka Tokushukai Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Kohno
- Asahi-Matsumoto Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
- * E-mail: (SY); (KK)
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Abstract
Background/purpose Concomitant hypo-hyperdontia (CHH) is a rare numeric dental anomaly characterized by congenital missing teeth and supernumerary teeth occurring in the same individual. Due to its rarity and sporadicity, the causes of CHH have been completely unknown. Detailed characterization and presentation of more CHH cases not only strengthen clinical diagnosis and treatment for the patients but facilitate the search for etiological factors of the disorder. Materials and methods From a pedodontic patient population, 21 CHH subjects, with a mean age of 6 years 10 months, were identified and characterized. Dental records and radiographs were scrutinized and analyzed for the distribution and frequencies of involved teeth and concurrent dental anomalies. Through further literature review, 59 CHH cases with supernumeraries in the premaxillary region were retrieved for comparative analyses. Results The boys were affected twice as often as the girls. While most cases were unrelated and sporadic, two sisters and a pair of identical twins from two unrelated families were presented. Of all cases, only one was of syndromic CHH carrying Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Bimaxillay CHH, with anomalies involving two jaws, occurred more than 4 times as often as maxillary CHH. While all supernumeraries were found in premaxillary region, hypodontia frequently involved lateral incisors and premolars of both jaws. Conclusion As genetic contribution to CHH is strongly suggested by its familial occurrence and syndromic cases, environmental factors seem to play certain roles in modifying disease phenotypes. Judicious use of radiographs during early mixed dentition stage enhances clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Lin Wang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City, 10041, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Han Pan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City, 10041, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City, 10041, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Guay-Fen Huang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Zhongshan S. Rd., Taipei City, 10041, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry National Taiwan University, No. 1, Changde St., Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Lin-Shiao E, Lan Y, Coradin M, Anderson A, Donahue G, Simpson CL, Sen P, Saffie R, Busino L, Garcia BA, Berger SL, Capell BC. KMT2D regulates p63 target enhancers to coordinate epithelial homeostasis. Genes Dev 2018; 32:181-193. [PMID: 29440247 PMCID: PMC5830930 DOI: 10.1101/gad.306241.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Lin-Shiao et al. identify a novel role for KMT2D, an epigenetic regulator, in coordinating self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation, as depletion of KMT2D from undifferentiated epidermal keratinocytes results in reduced proliferation, premature spurious activation of terminal differentiation genes, and disorganized epidermal stratification. Their results reveal a critical role for KMT2D in the control of epithelial enhancers and p63 target gene expression, including the requirement of KMT2D for the maintenance of epithelial progenitor gene expression and the coordination of proper terminal differentiation. Epithelial tissues rely on a highly coordinated balance between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation, disruption of which may drive carcinogenesis. The epigenetic regulator KMT2D (MLL4) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in all cancers, particularly epithelial cancers, yet its normal function in these tissues is unknown. Here, we identify a novel role for KMT2D in coordinating this fine balance, as depletion of KMT2D from undifferentiated epidermal keratinocytes results in reduced proliferation, premature spurious activation of terminal differentiation genes, and disorganized epidermal stratification. Genome-wide, KMT2D interacts with p63 and is enriched at its target enhancers. Depletion of KMT2D results in a broad loss of enhancer histone modifications H3 Lys 4 (H3K4) monomethylation (H3K4me1) and H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) as well as reduced expression of p63 target genes, including key genes involved in epithelial development and adhesion. Together, these results reveal a critical role for KMT2D in the control of epithelial enhancers and p63 target gene expression, including the requirement of KMT2D for the maintenance of epithelial progenitor gene expression and the coordination of proper terminal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lin-Shiao
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yemin Lan
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mariel Coradin
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amy Anderson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Cory L Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rizwan Saffie
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Luca Busino
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Capell
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Boyce ST, Lalley AL. Tissue engineering of skin and regenerative medicine for wound care. BURNS & TRAUMA 2018; 6:4. [PMID: 30009192 PMCID: PMC6040609 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-017-0103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineering of biologic skin substitutes has progressed over time from individual applications of skin cells, or biopolymer scaffolds, to combinations of cells and scaffolds for treatment, healing, and closure of acute and chronic skin wounds. Skin substitutes may be categorized into three groups: acellular scaffolds, temporary substitutes containing allogeneic skin cells, and permanent substitutes containing autologous skin cells. Combined use of acellular dermal substitutes with permanent skin substitutes containing autologous cells has been shown to provide definitive wound closure in burns involving greater than 90% of the total body surface area. These advances have contributed to reduced morbidity and mortality from both acute and chronic wounds but, to date, have failed to replace all of the structures and functions of the skin. Among the remaining deficiencies in cellular or biologic skin substitutes are hypopigmentation, absence of stable vascular and lymphatic networks, absence of hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and incomplete innervation. Correction of these deficiencies depends on regulation of biologic pathways of embryonic and fetal development to restore the full anatomy and physiology of uninjured skin. Elucidation and integration of developmental biology into future models of biologic skin substitutes promises to restore complete anatomy and physiology, and further reduce morbidity from skin wounds and scar. This article offers a review of recent advances in skin cell thrapies and discusses the future prospects in cutaneous regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Boyce
- 1Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 670558, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0558 USA.,2Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Andrea L Lalley
- 2Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
The Wnt Signaling Landscape of Mammary Stem Cells and Breast Tumors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:271-298. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
93
|
Higashino T, Lee JYW, McGrath JA. Advances in the genetic understanding of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2017.1405806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Higashino
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - John Y. W. Lee
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - John A. McGrath
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Abstract
The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines (ENAMEL) Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field.
Collapse
|
95
|
Yuan Q, Zhao M, Tandon B, Maili L, Liu X, Zhang A, Baugh EH, Tran T, Silva RM, Hecht JT, Swindell EC, Wagner DS, Letra A. Role of WNT10A in failure of tooth development in humans and zebrafish. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:730-741. [PMID: 29178643 PMCID: PMC5702573 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oligodontia is a severe form of tooth agenesis characterized by the absence of six or more permanent teeth. Oligodontia has complex etiology and variations in numerous genes have been suggested as causal for the condition. METHODS We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the cause of oligodontia in a 9-year-old girl missing 11 permanent teeth. Protein modeling and functional analysis in zebrafish were also performed to understand the impact of identified variants on the phenotype. RESULTS We identified a novel compound heterozygous missense mutation in WNT10A (c.637G>A:p.Gly213Ser and c.1070C>T:p.Thr357Ile) as the likely cause of autosomal recessive oligodontia in the child. Affected residues are located in conserved regions and variants are predicted to be highly deleterious for potentially destabilizing the protein fold and inhibiting normal protein function. Functional studies in zebrafish embryos showed that wnt10a is expressed in the craniofacies at critical time points for tooth development, and that perturbations of wnt10a expression impaired normal tooth development and arrested tooth development at 5 days postfertilization (dpf). Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of additional tooth development genes were directly correlated with wnt10a expression; expression of msx1, dlx2b, eda, and axin2 was decreased upon wnt10a knockdown, and increased upon wnt10a overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a novel compound heterozygous variant in WNT10A as pathogenic for oligodontia, and demonstrate that perturbations of wnt10a expression in zebrafish may directly and/or indirectly affect tooth development recapitulating the agenesis phenotype observed in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Yuan
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
- Pediatric Research CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
| | - Min Zhao
- Center for Craniofacial ResearchUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
| | - Bhavna Tandon
- Department of BiosciencesRice UniversityHoustonTexas
| | - Lorena Maili
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
- Pediatric Research CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public HealthHoustonTexas
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial ResearchUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
| | - Evan H. Baugh
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNew York
| | - Tam Tran
- Center for Craniofacial ResearchUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
| | - Renato M. Silva
- Pediatric Research CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
- Center for Craniofacial ResearchUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
- Department of EndodonticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
- Pediatric Research CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
- Center for Craniofacial ResearchUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
| | - Eric C. Swindell
- University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHoustonTexas77030
| | | | - Ariadne Letra
- Pediatric Research CenterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical SchoolHoustonTexas
- Center for Craniofacial ResearchUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of DentistryHoustonTexas
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Gaillard D, Bowles SG, Salcedo E, Xu M, Millar SE, Barlow LA. β-catenin is required for taste bud cell renewal and behavioral taste perception in adult mice. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006990. [PMID: 28846687 PMCID: PMC5591015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste stimuli are transduced by taste buds and transmitted to the brain via afferent gustatory fibers. Renewal of taste receptor cells from actively dividing progenitors is finely tuned to maintain taste sensitivity throughout life. We show that conditional β-catenin deletion in mouse taste progenitors leads to rapid depletion of progenitors and Shh+ precursors, which in turn causes taste bud loss, followed by loss of gustatory nerve fibers. In addition, our data suggest LEF1, TCF7 and Wnt3 are involved in a Wnt pathway regulatory feedback loop that controls taste cell renewal in the circumvallate papilla epithelium. Unexpectedly, taste bud decline is greater in the anterior tongue and palate than in the posterior tongue. Mutant mice with this regional pattern of taste bud loss were unable to discern sweet at any concentration, but could distinguish bitter stimuli, albeit with reduced sensitivity. Our findings are consistent with published reports wherein anterior taste buds have higher sweet sensitivity while posterior taste buds are better tuned to bitter, and suggest β-catenin plays a greater role in renewal of anterior versus posterior taste buds. By remaining relatively constant throughout adult life, the sense of taste helps keep the body healthy. However, taste perception can be disrupted by various environmental factors, including cancer therapies. Here, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway known to control normal tissue maintenance and associated with the development of cancers, is required for taste cell renewal and behavioral taste sensitivity in mice. Our findings are significant as they suggest that chemotherapies targeting the Wnt pathway in cancerous tissues may cause taste dysfunction and further diminish the quality of life of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Spencer G. Bowles
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingang Xu
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Millar
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|