51
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Design of All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Approaching 14% Efficiency via Isometric Terminal Alkyl Chain Engineering. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Morphology is crucial to determining the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, manipulating morphology involving only small-molecule donors and acceptors is extremely challenging. Herein, a simple terminal alkyl chain engineering process is introduced to fine-tune the morphology towards high-performance all-small-molecule (ASM) OSCs. We successfully chose a chlorinated two-dimension benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) central unit and two isomeric alkyl cyanoacetate as the end-capped moieties to conveniently synthesize two isomeric small-molecule donors, namely, BT-RO-Cl and BT-REH-Cl, each bearing linear n-octyl (O) as the terminal alkyl chain and another branched 2-ethylhexyl (EH) as the terminal alkyl chain. The terminal alkyl chain engineering process provided BT-RO-Cl with 13.35% efficiency and BT-REH-Cl with 13.90% efficiency ASM OSCs, both with Y6 as the electron acceptor. The successful performance resulted from uniform phase separation and the favorable combination of face-on and edge-on molecular stacking of blended small-molecule donors and acceptors, which formed a fluent 3D transport channel and thus delivered high and balanced carrier mobilities. These findings demonstrate that alkyl chain engineering can finely control the morphology of ASM OSCs, and provides an alternative for the optimal design of small-molecule materials towards high-performance ASM OSCs.
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52
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High electron mobility fluorinated indacenodithiophene small molecule acceptors for organic solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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53
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Subbiah J, Lee CJ, Mitchell VD, Jones DJ. Effect of Side-Chain Modification on the Active Layer Morphology and Photovoltaic Performance of Liquid Crystalline Molecular Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1086-1093. [PMID: 33347751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale morphology of the photoactive layer by fine-tuning the molecular structure of semiconducting organic materials is one of the most effective ways to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. In this contribution, we investigate the photovoltaic performance of benzodithiophene (BDT)-based p-type small molecules with three different side chains, namely alkyl-thio (BTR-TE), dialkylthienyl (BTR), and trialkylsilyl (BTR-TIPS) moieties substituted on the BDT core, when used alongside a nonfullerene acceptor. The side-chain changes on the BDT core are shown to have a profound effect on energy levels, charge generation, recombination, morphology, and photovoltaic performance of solid-state molecules. Compared with BTR and BTR-TIPS, BTR-TE-based single-junction binary blend solar cells show the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2% due to improved morphology and charge transport with suppressed recombination. In addition, we also achieved relatively good performances for ternary blend solar cells with a PCE of 16.1% using BTR-TE as a third component. Our results show that side-chain modification has a significant effect on modulating active layer morphology, and in particular that thioether side-chain modification is an effective way to achieve optimum morphology and performance for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Calvin J Lee
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Valerie D Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Jones
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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54
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Miao J, Ding Z, Liu J, Wang L. Research Progress in Organic Solar Cells Based on Small Molecule Donors and Polymer Acceptors. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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55
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Zarrabi N, Sandberg OJ, Kaiser C, Subbiah J, Jones DJ, Meredith P, Armin A. Experimental Evidence Relating Charge-Transfer-State Kinetics and Strongly Reduced Bimolecular Recombination in Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10519-10525. [PMID: 33289568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significantly reduced bimolecular recombination relative to the Langevin recombination rate has been observed in a limited number of donor-acceptor organic semiconductor blends. The strongly reduced recombination has been previously attributed to a high probability for the interfacial charge-transfer (CT) states (formed upon charge encounter) to dissociate back to free charges. However, whether the reduced recombination is due to a suppressed CT-state decay rate or an improved dissociation rate has remained a matter of conjecture. Here we investigate a donor-acceptor material system that exhibits significantly reduced recombination upon solvent annealing. On the basis of detailed balance analysis and the accurate characterization of CT-state parameters, we provide experimental evidence that an increase in the dissociation rate of CT states upon solvent annealing is responsible for the reduced recombination. We attribute this to the presence of purer and more percolated domains in the solvent-annealed system, which may, therefore, have a stronger entropic driving force for CT dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Zarrabi
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J Sandberg
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Kaiser
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - David J Jones
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Ser-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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Qin J, Zhang L, Xiao Z, Chen S, Sun K, Zang Z, Yi C, Yuan Y, Jin Z, Hao F, Cheng Y, Bao Q, Ding L. Over 16% efficiency from thick-film organic solar cells. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1979-1982. [PMID: 36659055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zhigang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (MoE), School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chenyi Yi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Hao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
| | - Qinye Bao
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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Park S, Kim T, Yoon S, Koh CW, Woo HY, Son HJ. Progress in Materials, Solution Processes, and Long-Term Stability for Large-Area Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002217. [PMID: 33020976 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells based on bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) are attractive energy-conversion devices that can generate electricity from absorbed sunlight by dissociating excitons and collecting charge carriers. Recent breakthroughs attained by development of nonfullerene acceptors result in significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCEs) exceeding 17%. However, most of researches have focused on pursuing high efficiency of small-area (<1 cm2 ) unit cells fabricated usually with spin coating. For practical application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) from lab-scale unit cells to industrial products, it is essential to develop efficient technologies that can extend active area of devices with minimized loss of performance and ensured operational stability. In this progress report, an overview of recent advancements in materials and processing technologies is provided for transitioning from small-area laboratory-scale devices to large-area industrial scale modules. First, development of materials that satisfy requirements of high tolerability in active layer thickness and large-area adaptability is introduced. Second, morphology control using various coating techniques in a large active area is discussed. Third, the recent research progress is also underlined for understanding mechanisms of OPV degradation and studies for improving device long-term stability along with reliable evaluation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmin Park
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Yoon
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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58
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Kim J, Koh CW, Uddin MA, Ryu KY, Jang SR, Woo HY, Lim B, Kim K. Improving the Photostability of Small-Molecule-Based Organic Photovoltaics by Providing a Charge Percolation Pathway of Crystalline Conjugated Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112598. [PMID: 33167422 PMCID: PMC7694356 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photostability of small-molecule (SM)-based organic photovoltaics (SM-OPVs) is greatly improved by utilizing a ternary photo-active layer incorporating a small amount of a conjugated polymer (CP). Semi-crystalline poly[(2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(5,6-difluoro-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT) and amorphous poly[(2,5-bis(2-decyltetradecyloxy)phenylene)-alt-(5,6-dicyano-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2CNBT) with similar chemical structures were used for preparing SM:fullerene:CP ternary photo-active layers. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary device with PPDT2FBT (Ternary-F) was higher than those of the ternary device with PPDT2CNBT (Ternary-CN) and a binary SM-OPV device (Binary) by 15% and 17%, respectively. The photostability of the SM-OPV was considerably improved by the addition of the crystalline CP, PPDT2FBT. Ternary-F retained 76% of its initial PCE after 1500 h of light soaking, whereas Ternary-CN and Binary retained only 38% and 17% of their initial PCEs, respectively. The electrical and morphological analyses of the SM-OPV devices revealed that the addition of the semi-crystalline CP led to the formation of percolation pathways for charge transport without disturbing the optimized bulk heterojunction morphology. The CP also suppressed trap-assisted recombination and enhanced the hole mobility in Ternary-F. The percolation pathways enabled the hole mobility of Ternary-F to remain constant during the light-soaking test. The photostability of Ternary-CN did not improve because the addition of the amorphous CP inhibited the formation of ordered SM domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.K.); (K.Y.R.)
| | - Chang Woo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Korea; (C.W.K.); (M.A.U.)
| | - Mohammad Afsar Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Korea; (C.W.K.); (M.A.U.)
| | - Ka Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.K.); (K.Y.R.)
| | - Song-Rim Jang
- Future Technology Research Center, LG Sciencepark, LG Chem, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Korea;
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Korea; (C.W.K.); (M.A.U.)
- Correspondence: (H.Y.W.); (B.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Future Technology Research Center, LG Sciencepark, LG Chem, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07796, Korea;
- Green Fine Chemical Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 45 Jongga-ro, Jung-gu, Ulsan 44412, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.Y.W.); (B.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyungkon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.K.); (K.Y.R.)
- Correspondence: (H.Y.W.); (B.L.); (K.K.)
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Wang W, Li Y, Zhan C, Xiao S, Tang C, Li G, Lu X, Zhang Q. Bis(thieno[3,2- b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene-Based Acceptor with Efficient and Comparable Photovoltaic Performance under Various Processing Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49876-49885. [PMID: 33089683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend within a polymer solar cell (PSC) device plays a crucial role in its performance. The ideal morphology is generally achieved through molecular engineering and optimization under film processing conditions. Under different processing conditions, the deviation of the resulted morphology characteristics from the ideal one leads to the dispersion of device performance. For a specific donor/acceptor BHJ blend, it is of great challenge to maintain an efficient and comparable photovoltaic performance under various processing conditions. The solution to this challenge would be of great value in offering more choices for a suitable processing technology in practical applications. Based on the acceptor BTTFIC with the core of bis(thieno[3,2-b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene (BTTF) in our previous work, we chemically modified BTTFIC by fluorination of the end groups of 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanones (IC) and the switching part of octyls in BTTF with 4-hexylphenyls to offer a novel acceptor (BTTFIC4F-Ar). The inverted PBDB-T-2Cl:BTTFIC4F-Ar blend device provided an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.61, 11.08, and 11.55% when processed under solvent annealing (SA), thermal annealing (TA), and additive treatment with 1,8-diodooctane (DIO), respectively. Different from the reported discrete performance under various processing conditions for a specific donor/acceptor BHJ blend, a low mean absolute performance deviation of 3% was attained. This slight enhancement trend was unexceptionally reflected on charge generation, transportation, and recombination within the blend films from SA, TA, and DIO conditions. A slightly improved ordering of BTTFIC4F-Ar within the DIO blend was observed. Meanwhile, very similar molecular packings as well as a close amorphous domain size of the mixture of PBDB-T-2Cl and BTTFIC4F-Ar within the three blends were observed. These morphological characteristics are in good agreement with the photoelectrical conversion performance of the blends under the three processing conditions. Furthermore, similar attenuation behaviors in performance were also observed. This investigation may provide new guidance on the molecular engineering of nonfullerene acceptors to achieve an efficient BHJ blend with more options for a suitable and cost-effective processing method in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chenqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Gongchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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Dong X, Wang M, He Q, She A, Dong Y. Atomistic liquid crystalline structures of discotic bent-core-like mesogens formed by hydrogen bonding and interchain interactions. J Mol Model 2020; 26:308. [PMID: 33083942 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Integrated atomistic and molecular dynamic simulations are used to characterize the role hydrogen bonding and interchain interactions on structures and phase transitions of novel bent-core-like mesogenic materials that exhibit new self-assembly features, attractive to the development of functional materials. Multi-step simulations were carried out to model phase transitions and various spectra of two complex mesogenic materials formed from acid functionalized azo compounds, 4-[2,3,4-tri(octyloxy)phenylazo] benzoic acid and 4-[2,3,4- tri(heptyloxy)phenylazo] benzoic acid. The simulations contain three consecutive steps, involving molecular quantum chemistry, molecular crystal packing, and super cell molecular dynamics calculations. These two mesogens are supposed to form phasmidic molecular conformers. However, simulations point to the formation of complex discotic bent-core-like liquid crystals with tetramer mesogenic assemblies, in very good agreement with experimental observations. The wide range agreements between simulations and experimental results include transitions of crystal structures to columnar and uniaxial nematic phases, x-ray diffraction patterns of columnar phases, the structure of the two-dimensional complex bent-core-like tetramers, molecular Raman spectra, Raman depolarization spectra, and order parameters of nematic phases. The multi-step simulation methodology and its results shed light on this unique behaviour of plasmids with flexible side chains for simulation design of novel bent-core-like mesogenic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanchen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi He
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi She
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Dong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Piradi V, Zhang G, Li T, Zhang M, Peng Q, Zhan X, Zhu X. Side-Chain Engineering of Benzodithiophene-Bridged Dimeric Porphyrin Donors for All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41506-41514. [PMID: 32812417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two new A-D-A small-molecule donors (C8T-BDTDP and C8ST-BDTDP) are prepared from benzodithiophene (BDT)-linked dimeric porphyrin (DP), which differ in side chains of BDT linkers with 4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (C8T-BDT) for the former and 4,8-bis{5-[(2-ethylhexyl)thio]-2-thienyl}benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (C8ST-BDT) for the latter. Both dimeric porphyrin donors show strongly UV-visible to near-infrared absorption. Compared to C8T-BDTDP, C8ST-BDTDP with an alkylthiothienyl-substituted BDT linker exhibits more intense absorption bands in the film and a lower highest occupied molecular orbital energy level. The blend film of the electron acceptor 6TIC with the respective dimeric porphyrin donor displays a broad photon response from 400 to 900 nm, unfortunately, with an absorption valley at ca. 600 nm. The device based on C8ST-BDTDP/6TIC demonstrates a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.39% with a high short-circuit current density (JSC) of 19.53 mA cm-2, whereas the device based on C8T-BDTDP/6TIC shows a slightly lower PCE of 8.73% with a JSC of 17.75 mA cm-2. The better performance for C8ST-BDTDP/6TIC is mainly attributed to efficient charge dissociation and transportation because of the smooth surface morphology and highly ordered crystalline packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Piradi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and In Situ Center for Physical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xunjin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Uvarov MN, Plekhanov MS, Zinoviev VA, Yanshole VV, Fedin MV, Kulik LV. Free radicals in organic semiconductors during photooxidation: Thin films of polymers P3HT and PCDTBT vs small molecules DRCN5T and BTR. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wadsworth A, Hamid Z, Kosco J, Gasparini N, McCulloch I. The Bulk Heterojunction in Organic Photovoltaic, Photodetector, and Photocatalytic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001763. [PMID: 32754970 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors require an energetic offset in order to photogenerate free charge carriers efficiently, owing to their inability to effectively screen charges. This is vitally important in order to achieve high power conversion efficiencies in organic solar cells. Early heterojunction-based solar cells were limited to relatively modest efficiencies (<4%) owing to limitations such as poor exciton dissociation, limited photon harvesting, and high recombination losses. The development of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) has significantly overcome these issues, resulting in dramatic improvements in organic photovoltaic performance, now exceeding 18% power conversion efficiencies. Here, the design and engineering strategies used to develop the optimal bulk heterojunction for solar-cell, photodetector, and photocatalytic applications are discussed. Additionally, the thermodynamic driving forces in the creation and stability of the bulk heterojunction are presented, along with underlying photophysics in these blends. Finally, new opportunities to apply the knowledge accrued from BHJ solar cells to generate free charges for use in promising new applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wadsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zeinab Hamid
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jan Kosco
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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Planar D-π-A Configured Dimethoxy Vinylbenzene Based Small Organic Molecule for Solution-Processed Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10175743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new and effective planar D-π-A configured small organic molecule (SOM) of 2-5-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione, abbreviated as DVB-T-ID, was synthesized using 1,3-indanedione acceptor and dimethoxy vinylbenzene donor units, connected through a thiophene π-spacer. The presence of a dimethoxy vinylbenzene unit and π-spacer in DVB-T-ID significantly improved the absorption behavior by displaying maximum absorbance at ~515 nm, and the reasonable band gap was estimated as ~2.06 eV. The electronic properties revealed that DVB-T-ID SOMs exhibited promising HOMO (−5.32 eV) and LUMO (−3.26 eV). The synthesized DVB-T-ID SOM was utilized as donor material for fabricating solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ-OSCs) and showed a reasonable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~3.1% with DVB-T-ID:PC61BM (1:2, w/w) active layer. The outcome of this work clearly reflects that synthesized DVB-T-ID based on 1,3-indanedione units is a promising absorber (donor) material for BHJ-OSCs.
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65
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Chen N, Devi M, Jang SJ. Computational modeling of charge hopping dynamics along a disordered one-dimensional wire with energy gradients in quantum environments. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054109. [PMID: 32770925 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This computational study investigates the effects of energy gradients on charge hopping dynamics along a one-dimensional chain of discrete sites coupled to quantum bath, which is modeled at the level of Pauli master equation (PME). This study also assesses the performance of different approximations for the hopping rates. Three different methods for solving the PME, a fourth order Runge-Kutta method, numerical diagonalization of the rate matrix followed by analytic propagation, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method, are tested and confirmed to produce virtually identical values of time dependent mean square displacement, diffusion constant, and mobility. Five different rate expressions, exact numerical evaluation of Fermi's Golden Rule (FGR) rate, stationary phase interpolation (SPI) approximation, semiclassical approximation, classical Marcus rate, and Miller-Abrahams rate, are tested to help understand the effects of approximations in representing quantum environments in the presence of energy gradients. The results based on direct numerical evaluation of FGR rate exhibit transition from diffusive to non-diffusive behavior with the increase in the gradient and show that the charge transport in the quantum bath is more sensitive to the magnitude of the gradient and the disorder than in the classical bath. Among all the four approximations for the hopping rates, the SPI approximation is confirmed to work best overall. A comparison of two different methods to calculate the mobility identifies drift motion of the population distribution as the major source of non-diffusive behavior and provides more reliable information on the contribution of quantum bath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, USA
| | - Murali Devi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, USA
| | - Seogjoo J Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Queens, New York 11367, USA
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66
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Yan C, Tang H, Ma R, Zhang M, Liu T, Lv J, Huang J, Yang Y, Xu T, Kan Z, Yan H, Liu F, Lu S, Li G. Synergy of Liquid-Crystalline Small-Molecule and Polymeric Donors Delivers Uncommon Morphology Evolution and 16.6% Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000149. [PMID: 32775152 PMCID: PMC7404173 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Achieving an ideal morphology is an imperative avenue for enhancing key parameters toward high-performing organic solar cells (OSCs). Among a myriad of morphological-control methods, the strategy of incorporating a third component with structural similarity and crystallinity difference to construct ternary OSCs has emerged as an effective approach to regulate morphology. A nematic liquid-crystalline benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodamine (BTR) molecule, which possesses the same alkylthio-thienyl-substituted benzo moiety but obviously stronger crystallinity compared to classical medium-bandgap polymeric donor PM6, is employed as a third component to construct ternary OSCs based on a PM6:BTR:Y6 system. The doping of BTR (5 wt%) is found to be enough to improve the OSC morphology-significantly enhancing the crystallinity of the photoactive layer while slightly reducing the donor/acceptor phase separation scale simultaneously. Rarely is such a morphology evolution reported. It positively affects the electronic properties of the device-prolongs the carrier lifetime, shortens the photocurrent decay time, facilitates exciton dissociation, charge transport, and collection, and ultimately boosts the power conversion efficiency from 15.7% to 16.6%. This result demonstrates that the successful synergy of liquid-crystalline small-molecule and polymeric donors delicately adjusts the active-layer morphology and refines device performance, which brings vibrancy to the OSC research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenqi Yan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Hua Tang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Jie Lv
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - YanKang Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Tongle Xu
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & ReconstructionHong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)Clear Water BayKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Organic Semiconductor Research CenterChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChongqing400714China
| | - Gang Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ShenZhen Research instituteShenzhen518057China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HumKowloonHong Kong999077China
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67
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Jones AL, Schanze KS. Fluorescent Charge-Transfer Excited States in Acceptor Derivatized Thiophene Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7001-7013. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin L. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Florida P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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68
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Guo C, Zhang Q, Li H, Lu J. Solvent Vapor Annealing Upgraded Orderly Intermolecular Stacking and Crystallinity to Enhance Memory Device Performance. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2493-2498. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Guo
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Qijian Zhang
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
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69
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Tariq A, Ramzan H, Ahmad SW, Bhatti IA, Ajmal M, Khalid M, Iqbal J. The theoretical investigation of the opto-electronic properties of designed molecules having 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end-capped acceptors. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Five acceptor-donor-acceptor molecules having different core units with 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end capped terminal acceptor unit were designed. The ground state geometries and electronic properties were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The absorption spectra were computed by using time dependent DFT at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The designed molecules have broad absorption range in visible region. M3 shows relatively lower band gap so that having high light harvesting efficiency (LHE). The molecules consider as better hole blocking materials in term of high ionization potentials. The reorganization energies calculation of M1, M2 and M4 manifests that these molecules are the optimal candidate for electron transportation. High value of Voc has been observed for molecules which would favorably contribute in power conversion efficiency. M1, M2, M4 and M5 are more stable in terms of absolute hardness and electrostatic potential surfaces. All molecules show good opto-electronic properties in the aspect of their use in photovoltaic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Tariq
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Hina Ramzan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering , University of Engineering and Technology, Faisalabad Campus , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Maryam Ajmal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry , Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology , Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 , Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology , Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 , Pakistan
- Punjab Bioenergy Institute , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad, 38000 , Pakistan
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70
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Tariq A, Ramzan H, Ahmad SW, Bhatti IA, Ajmal M, Khalid M, Iqbal J. The theoretical investigation of the opto-electronic properties of designed molecules having 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end-capped acceptors. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpc-2019-1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Five acceptor-donor-acceptor molecules having different core units with 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end capped terminal acceptor unit were designed. The ground state geometries and electronic properties were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The absorption spectra were computed by using time dependent DFT at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The designed molecules have broad absorption range in visible region. M3 shows relatively lower band gap so that having high light harvesting efficiency (LHE). The molecules consider as better hole blocking materials in term of high ionization potentials. The reorganization energies calculation of M1, M2 and M4 manifests that these molecules are the optimal candidate for electron transportation. High value of Voc has been observed for molecules which would favorably contribute in power conversion efficiency. M1, M2, M4 and M5 are more stable in terms of absolute hardness and electrostatic potential surfaces. All molecules show good opto-electronic properties in the aspect of their use in photovoltaic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Tariq
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Hina Ramzan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Syed Waqas Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering , University of Engineering and Technology, Faisalabad Campus , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Maryam Ajmal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry , Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology , Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 , Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000 , Faisalabad , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology , Rahim Yar Khan, 64200 , Pakistan
- Punjab Bioenergy Institute , University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad, 38000 , Pakistan
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71
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Castro E, Fernandez-Delgado O, Artigas A, Zavala G, Liu F, Moreno-Vicente A, Rodríguez-Fortea A, Velasquez JD, Poblet JM, Echegoyen L. α-DTC 70 Fullerene Performs Significantly Better than β-DTC 70 as Electron Transporting Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2020; 8:6813-6819. [PMID: 33777397 PMCID: PMC7990232 DOI: 10.1039/d0tc01382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two new C70 isomers, α and β bis(2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl)-C70-fullerene mono-adducts (DTC70), were synthesized, characterized and used as electron transporting materials (ETMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Our results show that the α isomer improves both the J sc and FF values of the devices, when compared to the results for the β-isomer and to those for phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), used as control. Devices based on α-DTC70 achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.9%, which is higher than that observed with PC71BM (15.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Olivia Fernandez-Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Albert Artigas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Department de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerardo Zavala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Antonio Moreno-Vicente
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Fortea
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona (Spain)
| | - José D. Velasquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Josep M. Poblet
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona (Spain)
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
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72
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Wang N, Yu Y, Zhao R, Ding Z, Liu J, Wang L. Improving Active Layer Morphology of All-Polymer Solar Cells by Solution Temperature. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Ruyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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73
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Fu J, Chen S, Yang K, Jung S, Lv J, Lan L, Chen H, Hu D, Yang Q, Duan T, Kan Z, Yang C, Sun K, Lu S, Xiao Z, Li Y. A "σ-Hole"-Containing Volatile Solid Additive Enabling 16.5% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. iScience 2020; 23:100965. [PMID: 32199291 PMCID: PMC7082553 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we introduce a σ-hole-containing volatile solid additive, 1, 4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (A3), in PM6:Y6-based OSCs. Aside from the appropriate volatility of A3 additive, the synergetic halogen interactions between A3 and photoactive matrix contribute to more condensed and ordered molecular arrangement in the favorable interpenetrating donor/acceptor domains. As a result, greatly accelerated charge transport process with suppressed charge recombination possibility is observed and ultimately a champion PCE value of 16.5% is achieved. Notably, the A3 treated OSCs can maintain a high efficiency of over 16.0% in a wide concentration range of A3 additive between 10 and 35 mg/mL. The A3-treated device shows excellent stability with an efficiency of 15.9% after 360-h storage. This work demonstrates that the σ-hole interaction can be applied to enhance the OSC performance and highlights the importance of non-covalent interactions in the optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehao Fu
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Sungwoo Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Lv
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Linkai Lan
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Qianguang Yang
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Tainan Duan
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China.
| | - Shirong Lu
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China.
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Organic Semiconductor Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China.
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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74
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Yin A, Zhang D, Wang J, Zhou H, Fu Z, Zhang Y. Mediated Non-geminate Recombination in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Through a Liquid Crystal Guest Donor. Front Chem 2020; 8:21. [PMID: 32117865 PMCID: PMC7026665 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The approach via ternary blends prompts the increase of absorbed photon density and resultant photocurrent enhancement in organic solar cells (OSCs). In contrast to actively reported high efficiency ternary OSCs, little is known about charge recombination properties and carrier loss mechanisms in these emerging devices. Here, through introducing a small molecule donor BTR as a guest component to the PCE-10:PC71BM binary system, we show that photocarrier losses via recombination are mitigated with respect the binary OSCs, owing to a reduced bimolecular recombination. The gain of the fill factor in ternary devices are reconciled by the change in equilibrium between charge exaction and recombination in the presence of BTR toward the former process. With these modifications, the power conversion efficiency in ternary solar cells receives a boost from 8.8 (PCE-10:PC71BM) to 10.88%. We further found that the voltage losses in the ternary cell are slightly suppressed, related to the rising charge transfer-state energy. These benefits brought by the third guest donor are important for attaining improvements on key photophysical processes governing the photovoltaic efficiencies in organic ternary solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Yin
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierachical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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75
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Ge J, Xie L, Peng R, Fanady B, Huang J, Song W, Yan T, Zhang W, Ge Z. 13.34 % Efficiency Non‐Fullerene All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Modulating the Crystallinity of Donors via a Fluorination Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2808-2815. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Lingchao Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Billy Fanady
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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76
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Bolleddu R, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharjee M, Bhandaru N, Thakur S, Gooh-Pattader PS, Mukherjee R, Bandyopadhyay D. Pattern-Directed Phase Transitions and VOC Sensing of Liquid Crystal Films. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bolleddu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Snigdha Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mitradip Bhattacharjee
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Nandini Bhandaru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Siddharth Thakur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Partho Sarathi Gooh-Pattader
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Rabibrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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77
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Ge J, Xie L, Peng R, Fanady B, Huang J, Song W, Yan T, Zhang W, Ge Z. 13.34 % Efficiency Non‐Fullerene All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Modulating the Crystallinity of Donors via a Fluorination Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Lingchao Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Billy Fanady
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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78
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Xu C, Xu X, Zheng S. On the relations between backbone thiophene functionalization and charge carrier mobility of A–D–A type small molecules. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Backbone thiophene functionalization: an efficient way to improve the charge carrier mobility of A–D–A type small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies School of Materials and Energy Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
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79
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Wang K, Li Y, Li Y. Challenges to the Stability of Active Layer Materials in Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900437. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 451191 China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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80
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Wan X, Li C, Zhang M, Chen Y. Acceptor–donor–acceptor type molecules for high performance organic photovoltaics – chemistry and mechanism. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2828-2842. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chemical structure–property relationships and mechanism for high performance organic photovoltaics of acceptor–donor–acceptor type molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Chenxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and the Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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81
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Yue Q, Wu H, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Liu F, Zhu X. 13.7% Efficiency Small-Molecule Solar Cells Enabled by a Combination of Material and Morphology Optimization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904283. [PMID: 31693243 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the quick development of polymer solar cells, achieving high-efficiency small-molecule solar cells (SMSCs) remains highly challenging, as they are limited by the lack of matched materials and morphology control to a great extent. Herein, two small molecules, BSFTR and Y6, which possess broad as well as matched absorption and energy levels, are applied in SMSCs. Morphology optimization with sequential solvent vapor and thermal annealing makes their blend films show proper crystallinity, balanced and high mobilities, and favorable phase separation, which is conducive for exciton dissociation, charge transport, and extraction. These contribute to a remarkable power conversion efficiency up to 13.69% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.85 V, a high short-circuit current of 23.16 mA cm-2 and a fill factor of 69.66%, which is the highest value among binary SMSCs ever reported. This result indicates that a combination of materials with matched photoelectric properties and subtle morphology control is the inevitable route to high-performance SMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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82
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Ge J, Wei Q, Peng R, Zhou E, Yan T, Song W, Zhang W, Zhang X, Jiang S, Ge Z. Improved Efficiency in All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Ternary Blend of Nonfullerene Acceptor and Chlorinated and Nonchlorinated Donors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44528-44535. [PMID: 31694379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ternary nonfullerene all-small-molecule organic solar cells (NFSM-OSCs) were developed by incorporating a nonfullerene acceptor (IDIC) and two structurally similar small molecular donors (SM and SM-Cl), where SM-Cl is a novel small molecular donor derived from the reported molecular donor SM. When doping 10% SM-Cl in the SM:IDIC binary system, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the ternary solar cell was dramatically increased from 9.39 to 10.29%. Characterization studies indicated that the two donors tend to form an alloy state, which effectively down-shifted the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the donor, thus promoting a higher open-circuit voltage. Interestingly, incorporating a third component (SM-Cl) with a lower crystallinity was proven to facilitate the demixing between donors and acceptors, which was contrary to the traditional findings of enhanced phase separation through the incorporation of highly crystalline molecule. Although the morphological modulation has always been a bottleneck issue in NFSM-OSCs, the findings in this work indicated that the modulation on crystallinity deviation between donors and acceptors could be an effective method to further improve the performance of NFSM-OSCs, providing a new perspective on NFSM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Ruixiang Peng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Xiaoa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Shengling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
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83
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Zhou R, Jiang Z, Yang C, Yu J, Feng J, Adil MA, Deng D, Zou W, Zhang J, Lu K, Ma W, Gao F, Wei Z. All-small-molecule organic solar cells with over 14% efficiency by optimizing hierarchical morphologies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5393. [PMID: 31772169 PMCID: PMC6879588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The high efficiency all-small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) normally require optimized morphology in their bulk heterojunction active layers. Herein, a small-molecule donor is designed and synthesized, and single-crystal structural analyses reveal its explicit molecular planarity and compact intermolecular packing. A promising narrow bandgap small-molecule with absorption edge of more than 930 nm along with our home-designed small molecule is selected as electron acceptors. To the best of our knowledge, the binary all-small-molecule OSCs achieve the highest efficiency of 14.34% by optimizing their hierarchical morphologies, in which the donor or acceptor rich domains with size up to ca. 70 nm, and the donor crystals of tens of nanometers, together with the donor-acceptor blending, are proved coexisting in the hierarchical large domain. All-small-molecule photovoltaic system shows its promising for high performance OSCs, and our study is likely to lead to insights in relations between bulk heterojunction structure and photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Zhou
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.,Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Yu
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jirui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Adil
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS key laboratory of nanosystem and hierarchical fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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84
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Wu J, Luke J, Lee HKH, Shakya Tuladhar P, Cha H, Jang SY, Tsoi WC, Heeney M, Kang H, Lee K, Kirchartz T, Kim JS, Durrant JR. Tail state limited photocurrent collection of thick photoactive layers in organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5159. [PMID: 31727897 PMCID: PMC6856365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyse organic solar cells with four different photoactive blends exhibiting differing dependencies of short-circuit current upon photoactive layer thickness. These blends and devices are analysed by transient optoelectronic techniques of carrier kinetics and densities, air photoemission spectroscopy of material energetics, Kelvin probe measurements of work function, Mott-Schottky analyses of apparent doping density and by device modelling. We conclude that, for the device series studied, the photocurrent loss with thick active layers is primarily associated with the accumulation of photo-generated charge carriers in intra-bandgap tail states. This charge accumulation screens the device internal electrical field, preventing efficient charge collection. Purification of one studied donor polymer is observed to reduce tail state distribution and density and increase the maximal photoactive thickness for efficient operation. Our work suggests that selecting organic photoactive layers with a narrow distribution of tail states is a key requirement for the fabrication of efficient, high photocurrent, thick organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Joel Luke
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Harrison Ka Hin Lee
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Pabitra Shakya Tuladhar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Soo-Young Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wing Chung Tsoi
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
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85
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Tang H, Xu T, Yan C, Gao J, Yin H, Lv J, Singh R, Kumar M, Duan T, Kan Z, Lu S, Li G. Donor Derivative Incorporation: An Effective Strategy toward High Performance All-Small-Molecule Ternary Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901613. [PMID: 31728292 PMCID: PMC6839630 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Thick-film all-small-molecule (ASM) organic solar cells (OSCs) are preferred for large-scale fabrication with printing techniques due to the distinct advantages of monodispersion, easy purification, and negligible batch-to-batch variation. However, ASM OSCs are typically constrained by the morphology aspect to achieve high efficiency and maintain thick film simultaneously. Specifically, synchronously manipulating crystallinity, domain size, and phase segregation to a suitable level are extremely challenging. Herein, a derivative of benzodithiophene terthiophene rhodanine (BTR) (a successful small molecule donor for thick-film OSCs), namely, BTR-OH, is synthesized with similar chemical structure and absorption but less crystallinity relative to BTR, and is employed as a third component to construct BTR:BTR-OH:PC71BM ternary devices. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.14% and fill factor (FF) of 74.2% are successfully obtained in ≈300 nm OSC, which outperforms BTR:PC71BM (9.05% and 69.6%) and BTR-OH:PC71BM (8.00% and 65.3%) counterparts, and stands among the top values for thick-film ASM OSCs. The performance enhancement results from the enhanced absorption, suppressed bimolecular/trap-assisted recombination, improved charge extraction, optimized domain size, and suitable crystallinity. These findings demonstrate that the donor derivative featuring similar chemical structure but different crystallinity provides a promising third component guideline for high-performance ternary ASM OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong HumKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Tongle Xu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong HumKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Jie Gao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong HumKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Jie Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Energy & Materials EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul04620Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator LaboratoryPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Tainan Duan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong HumKowloonHong KongChina
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86
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Sun W, Zheng Y, Yang K, Zhang Q, Shah AA, Wu Z, Sun Y, Feng L, Chen D, Xiao Z, Lu S, Li Y, Sun K. Machine learning-assisted molecular design and efficiency prediction for high-performance organic photovoltaic materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay4275. [PMID: 31723607 PMCID: PMC6839938 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the process of finding high-performance materials for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), it is meaningful if one can establish the relationship between chemical structures and photovoltaic properties even before synthesizing them. Here, we first establish a database containing over 1700 donor materials reported in the literature. Through supervised learning, our machine learning (ML) models can build up the structure-property relationship and, thus, implement fast screening of OPV materials. We explore several expressions for molecule structures, i.e., images, ASCII strings, descriptors, and fingerprints, as inputs for various ML algorithms. It is found that fingerprints with length over 1000 bits can obtain high prediction accuracy. The reliability of our approach is further verified by screening 10 newly designed donor materials. Good consistency between model predictions and experimental outcomes is obtained. The result indicates that ML is a powerful tool to prescreen new OPV materials, thus accelerating the development of the OPV field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ke Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Akeel A. Shah
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society, School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuyang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society, School of Automation, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liang Feng
- College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- School of Electrical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohaidadao, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
- Corresponding author. (K.S.); (S.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fang Zheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400714, China
- Corresponding author. (K.S.); (S.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yong Li
- College of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- Corresponding author. (K.S.); (S.L.); (Z.X.)
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87
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Wang G, Adil MA, Zhang J, Wei Z. Large-Area Organic Solar Cells: Material Requirements, Modular Designs, and Printing Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805089. [PMID: 30506830 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The printing of large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) has become a frontier for organic electronics and is also regarded as a critical step in their industrial applications. With the rapid progress in the field of OSCs, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for small-area devices is approaching 15%, whereas the PCE for large-area devices has also surpassed 10% in a single cell with an area of ≈1 cm2 . Here, the progress of this fast developing area is reviewed, mainly focusing on: 1) material requirements (materials that are able to form efficient thick active layer films for large-area printing); 2) modular designs (effective designs that can suppress electrical, geometric, optical, and additional losses, leading to a reduction in the PCE of the devices, as a consequence of substrate area expansion); and 3) printing methods (various scalable fabrication techniques that are employed for large-area fabrication, including knife coating, slot-die coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, pad printing, and brush coating). By combining thick-film material systems with efficient modular designs exhibiting low-efficiency losses and employing the right printing methods, the fabrication of large-area OSCs will be successfully realized in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Adil
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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88
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Wang J, Sun Q, Xiao J, Zhu M, Chen L, Chen J. Subtly adjusted active layer self‐assembly process for efficient organic solar cells. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringTaishan University Taian China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- School of Physics and ElectronicsShandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringTaishan University Taian China
| | - Mei Zhu
- College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringTaishan University Taian China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringTaishan University Taian China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringTaishan University Taian China
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89
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Miao J, Du M, Fang Y, Zhang F. Acceptor-free photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16406-16413. [PMID: 31441487 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03552d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of organic photodetectors (OPDs) is prepared with two donor materials as active layers, with the only difference being the weight ratio of the two donors (one polymer and one small molecule). The OPDs work according to a photodiode model with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of less than 10% at -10 V when the weight ratio of the two materials is 1 : 1 (wt/wt). The EQE of an OPD with P3HT:DRCN5T (100 : 2, wt/wt) as the active layer reaches 1400% at -10 V, exhibiting the photomultiplication (PM) phenomenon. The EQE values of PM-type OPDs can be markedly improved along with a bias increase, and the champion EQE reaches 10 600% at -20 V. The small number of small molecules can be used as electron traps due to the different lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the two donors, and photogenerated electrons can be trapped in the small molecules surrounded by P3HT. The trapped electrons near the Al electrode can induce interfacial band bending for efficient hole tunneling injection from an external circuit. This work provides a new strategy for realizing acceptor-free PM-type OPDs, which may inspire us to further develop organic electronic devices with single type organic semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Miao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China.
| | - Mingde Du
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ying Fang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China.
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90
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Chen F, Zhang L, Wu H, Guan C, Yang Y, Qiu J, Lyu P, Li M. Bifunctional oxygen evolution and supercapacitor electrode with integrated architecture of NiFe-layered double hydroxides and hierarchical carbon framework. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:325402. [PMID: 30965295 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide with exchangeable interlayer anions are considered promising electro-active materials for renewable energy technologies. However, the limited exposure of active sites and poor electrical conductivity of hydroxide powder restrict its application. Herein, bifunctional integrated electrode with a 3D hierarchical carbon framework decorated by nickel iron-layered double hydroxides (NiFe-LDH) is developed. A conductive carbon nanowire array is introduced not only to provide enough anchoring sites for the hydroxide, but also affords a continuous pathway for electron transport throughout the entire electrode. The 3D integrated architecture of NiFe-hydroxide and hierarchical carbon framework possesses several beneficial effects including large electrochemical active surfaces, fast electron/mass transport, and enhanced mechanical stability. The as-prepared electrode affords a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 269 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M of KOH. It also offers excellent stability with negligible current decline even after 2000 cycles. Besides, density functional theory calculations revealed that the (110) surface of NiFe-LDH is more active than the (003) surface for OER. Furthermore, the electrode possesses promising application prospects in alkaline battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices with a capacity of 178.8 mAh g-1 (capacitance of 1609.6 F g-1) at a current density of 0.2 A g-1. The viability of the as-prepared bifunctional electrode will provide a potential solution for wearable electronics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China. MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
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91
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Che Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu CH, Izquierdo R, Xiao SS, Perepichka DF. Understanding the Photovoltaic Behavior of A–D–A Molecular Semiconductors through a Permutation of End Groups. J Org Chem 2019; 85:52-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Département d’Informatique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Yali Yang
- 1-Material Inc., Dorval, Quebec H9P 1K2, Canada
| | - Cheng-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ricardo Izquierdo
- Electrical Engineering Department, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, Québec H3C 3K1, Canada
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92
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Zhang Z, Miao J, Ding Z, Kan B, Lin B, Wan X, Ma W, Chen Y, Long X, Dou C, Zhang J, Liu J, Wang L. Efficient and thermally stable organic solar cells based on small molecule donor and polymer acceptor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3271. [PMID: 31332173 PMCID: PMC6646397 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) often use combination of polymer donor and small molecule acceptor. Herein we demonstrate efficient and thermally stable OSCs with combination of small molecule donor and polymer acceptor, which is expected to expand the research field of OSCs. Typical small molecule donors show strong intermolecular interactions and high crystallinity, and consequently do not match polymer acceptors because of large-size phase separation. We develop a small molecule donor with suppressed π-π stacking between molecular backbones by introducing large steric hindrance. As the result, the OSC exhibits small-size phase separation in the active layer and shows a power conversion efficiency of 8.0%. Moreover, this OSC exhibits much improved thermal stability, i.e. maintaining 89% of its initial efficiency after thermal annealing the active layer at 180 °C for 7 days. These results indicate a different kind of efficient and stable OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Kan
- Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer Materials and Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
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93
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Wang K, Guo X, Ye C, Wang Y, Meng Y, Li X, Zhang M. A New Small-Molecule Donor Containing Non-Fused Ring π-Bridge Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells with High Open Circuit Voltage and Low Acceptor Content. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2674-2682. [PMID: 31257670 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and low acceptor content, the molecular design of a small-molecule donor with low energy loss (Eloss ) is very important for solution-processable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we designed and synthesized a new coplanar A-D-A structured organic small-molecule semiconductor with non-fused ring structure π-bridge, namely B2TPR, and applied it as donor material in OSCs. Owing to the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the end group and the coplanar π-bridge, B2TPR exhibits a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital and strong crystallinity. Furthermore, benefiting from the coplanar molecular skeleton, the high hole mobility, balanced charge transport and reduced recombination were achieved, leading to a high fill factor (FF). The OSCs based on B2TPR : PC71 BM blend film (w/w=1 : 0.35) demonstrates a moderate power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.10 % with a remarkable Voc of 0.98 V and FF of 64 %, corresponding to a low fullerene content of 25.9 % and a low Eloss of 0.70 eV. These results demonstrate the great potential of small-molecule with structure of B2TPR for future low-cost organic photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,School of of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chennan Ye
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- School of of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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94
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Han G, Yi Y. Origin of Photocurrent and Voltage Losses in Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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95
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Park M, Hong KI, Kang M, Kim TW, Lee H, Jang WD, Jeong KU. Hierarchical Hybrid Nanostructures Constructed by Fullerene and Molecular Tweezer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6101-6112. [PMID: 31042357 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the construction of well-defined hierarchical superstructures of pristine [60]fullerene (C60) arrays, pyrene-based molecular tweezers (PT) were used as host molecules for catching and arranging C60 guest molecules. The formation of host-guest complexes was systematically studied in solution as well as in the solid state. Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies revealed that PT-host and C60-guest complexes were closely related to the molecular self-assembly of PT. Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopic titrations indicated the formation of stable 1:1 and 2:1 (PT/C60) complexes. From the nonlinear curve-fitting analysis, equilibrium constants for the 1:1 (log K1) and 2:1 (log K2) complexes were estimated to be 4.96 and 5.01, respectively. X-ray diffraction results combined with transmission electron microscopy observations clearly exhibited the construction of well-defined layered superstructures of the PT-host and C60-guest complexes. From electron mobility measurements, it was demonstrated that the well-defined hierarchical hybrid nanostructure incorporating a C60 array exhibited a high electron mobility of 1.7 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study can provide a guideline for the hierarchical hybrid nanostructures of host-guest complex and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Park
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of BIN Convergence Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 54896 , Korea
| | - Kyeong-Im Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 565-905 , Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 565-905 , Korea
| | - Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of BIN Convergence Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 54896 , Korea
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96
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Zhang C, Heumueller T, Gruber W, Almora O, Du X, Ying L, Chen J, Unruh T, Cao Y, Li N, Brabec CJ. Comprehensive Investigation and Analysis of Bulk-Heterojunction Microstructure of High-Performance PCE11:PCBM Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18555-18563. [PMID: 31046222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide research efforts have been devoted to organic photovoltaics in the hope of a large-scale commercial application in the near future. To meet the industrial production requirements, organic photovoltaics that can reach power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 10% along with promising operational device stability are of utmost interest. In the study, we take PCE11:PCBM as a model system, which can achieve over 11% PCE when processed from nonhalogen solvents, to deeply investigate the morphology-performance-stability correlation. We demonstrate that four batches of PCE11 with varying crystalline properties can achieve similar high performance in combination with PCBM. Careful device optimization is necessary in each case to properly address the requirements for the quite distinct microstructures. The bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) microstructure is comprehensively investigated as a function of the macromolecular weight and crystallinity. It is demonstrated that small differences in morphology significantly affect the kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium of the BHJ microstructure as well as the photostability and thermal stability of the PCE11:PCBM solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohong Zhang
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Southern University of Science and Technology , No. 1088, Xueyuan Road , 518055 Shenzhen , Guangdong , P. R. China
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Thomas Heumueller
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gruber
- Institute for Crystallography and Structure Physics , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Osbel Almora
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Tobias Unruh
- Institute for Crystallography and Structure Physics , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstrasse 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road , 510640 Guangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology , Zhengzhou University , No. 100 Science Avenue , 450002 Zhengzhou , P. R. China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürenberg (HIERN) , Immerwahrstr. 2 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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97
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Wang N, Long X, Ding Z, Feng J, Lin B, Ma W, Dou C, Liu J, Wang L. Improving Active Layer Morphology of All-Polymer Solar Cells by Dissolving the Two Polymers Individually. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University
of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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98
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Gao K, Jo SB, Shi X, Nian L, Zhang M, Kan Y, Lin F, Kan B, Xu B, Rong Q, Shui L, Liu F, Peng X, Zhou G, Cao Y, Jen AKY. Over 12% Efficiency Nonfullerene All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Sequentially Evolved Multilength Scale Morphologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807842. [PMID: 30730067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two near-infrared absorbing molecules are successfully incorporated into nonfullerene-based small-molecule organic solar cells (NFSM-OSCs) to achieve a very high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.08%. This is achieved by tuning the sequentially evolved crystalline morphology through combined solvent additive and solvent vapor annealing, which mainly work on ZnP-TBO and 6TIC, respectively. It not only helps improve the crystallinity of the ZnP-TBO and 6TIC blend, but also forms multilength scale morphology to enhance charge mobility and charge extraction. Moreover, it simultaneously reduces the nongeminate recombination by effective charge delocalization. The resultant device performance shows remarkably enhanced fill factor and Jsc . These result in a very respectable PCE, which is the highest among all NFSM-OSCs and all small-molecule binary solar cells reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Li Nian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Bin Kan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
| | - Qikun Rong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Shui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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99
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Feng X. Electronic Characters and Synthesis Method of Novel Conjugated System Based on Benzodithiophene Groups. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180412152056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzodithiophene based conjugated small molecules (SMBDTs) are usually used in organic
photovoltaic (OPV), Organic Filed Effection Transistor (OFET), Organic Phototransistor (OPT) and
Non-Linear Optical (NLO) chromophores. Band-gap engineering is one of the key design principles for
π-conjugated materials and this can be done by altering the structures of SMBDTs with sidechain and
backbone reactions. In this way, scientists develop several kinds of SMBDTs with different electron donors
and acceptors. The alkoxyl and aromatic substituted BDT units are mostly used as the donors,
while the alkyl cyanoacetate, dicyano, rhodamine, indenedione, thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione,
benzothiadiazole and diketopyrrolopyrrole groups are used as the acceptors. The electronic characters of
SMBDTs including the HOMO and LUMO energy level are listed and discussed. The synthesis methods
of SMBDTs are mostly in common, especially with the backbone reaction. There are about four
coupling methods for the backbone reaction, mostly used is the Stille coupling methods. In this review
paper, the common synthesis methods and the electronic characters by several samples are summarized
to provide researchers an overview of SMBDTs’ synthesis, structures and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantao Feng
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engeneering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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100
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Ravi B, Bhattacharjee M, Ghosh A, Bandyopadhyay D. Fabrication of pixelated liquid crystal nanostructures employing the contact line instabilities of droplets. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1680-1691. [PMID: 30620017 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A liquid crystal (LC) droplet resting on a poly-dimethylsiloxane substrate could rapidly spread upon solvent vapour annealing to form a non-uniform film. While the solvophobic surfaces restricted the spreading of the droplet to form a thicker film upon solvent annealing, the solvophilic substrates allowed the formation of a thinner film under similar conditions. Withdrawal of the solvent exposure caused rapid evaporation of the solvent molecules from the film, especially near the retracting contact-line to form microscale LC-droplets, which shrunk into nanoscopic ones after evaporation of the excess solvent. The thinner films on solvophilic surfaces allowed the formation of droplets with smaller size and periodicity as small as ∼100 nm and ∼200 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the use of a patterned substrate could impose a large-area ordering on the nanodroplets. A theoretical model for an evaporating film of LC-solution revealed that the spacing of nanodroplets could be decided by the interplay of stabilizing and destabilizing components of capillary force while van der Waals interaction played a supportive role when the film was ultrathin near the contact line. The micro/nanodroplets thus formed showed an anomalous oscillatory rotational motion originating from the difference in the Laplace pressure near contact lines under the influence of an external electric field. The application of the Lorenz force to these droplets showed translation and rotational motions followed by ejection of satellite droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolleddu Ravi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India.
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