51
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Nathan V, Johansson PA, Palmer JM, Hamilton HR, Howlie M, Brooks KM, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. A rare missense variant in protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) predisposes to a range of haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:e57-e60. [PMID: 33216348 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Nathan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hayley R Hamilton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madeleine Howlie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly M Brooks
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,University of Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
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52
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Replication stress conferred by POT1 dysfunction promotes telomere relocalization to the nuclear pore. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1619-1636. [PMID: 33122293 PMCID: PMC7706707 DOI: 10.1101/gad.337287.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Pinzaru et al. set out to uncover the pathways that enable the proliferation of cells expressing cancer-associated POT1 mutations. Using complementary genetic and proteomic approaches, the authors identify a conserved function for the NPC in resolving replication defects at telomere loci. Mutations in the telomere-binding protein POT1 are associated with solid tumors and leukemias. POT1 alterations cause rapid telomere elongation, ATR kinase activation, telomere fragility, and accelerated tumor development. Here, we define the impact of mutant POT1 alleles through complementary genetic and proteomic approaches based on CRISPR interference and biotin-based proximity labeling, respectively. These screens reveal that replication stress is a major vulnerability in cells expressing mutant POT1, which manifests as increased telomere mitotic DNA synthesis at telomeres. Our study also unveils a role for the nuclear pore complex in resolving replication defects at telomeres. Depletion of nuclear pore complex subunits in the context of POT1 dysfunction increases DNA damage signaling, telomere fragility and sister chromatid exchanges. Furthermore, we observed telomere repositioning to the nuclear periphery driven by nuclear F-actin polymerization in cells with POT1 mutations. In conclusion, our study establishes that relocalization of dysfunctional telomeres to the nuclear periphery is critical to preserve telomere repeat integrity.
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53
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Identification of Germline Mutations in Melanoma Patients with Early Onset, Double Primary Tumors, or Family Cancer History by NGS Analysis of 217 Genes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100404. [PMID: 33050356 PMCID: PMC7601281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest skin malignity with a rising prevalence worldwide. Patients carrying germline mutations in melanoma-susceptibility genes face an increased risk of melanoma and other cancers. To assess the spectrum of germline variants, we analyzed 264 Czech melanoma patients indicated for testing due to early melanoma (at <25 years) or the presence of multiple primary melanoma/melanoma and other cancer in their personal and/or family history. All patients were analyzed by panel next-generation sequencing targeting 217 genes in four groups: high-to-moderate melanoma risk genes, low melanoma risk genes, cancer syndrome genes, and other genes with an uncertain melanoma risk. Population frequencies were assessed in 1479 population-matched controls. Selected POT1 and CHEK2 variants were characterized by functional assays. Mutations in clinically relevant genes were significantly more frequent in melanoma patients than in controls (31/264; 11.7% vs. 58/1479; 3.9%; p = 2.0 × 10−6). A total of 9 patients (3.4%) carried mutations in high-to-moderate melanoma risk genes (CDKN2A, POT1, ACD) and 22 (8.3%) patients in other cancer syndrome genes (NBN, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, ATM, WRN, RB1). Mutations in high-to-moderate melanoma risk genes (OR = 52.2; 95%CI 6.6–413.1; p = 3.2 × 10−7) and in other cancer syndrome genes (OR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.4–3.8; p = 0.003) were significantly associated with melanoma risk. We found an increased potential to carry these mutations (OR = 2.9; 95%CI 1.2–6.8) in patients with double primary melanoma, melanoma and other primary cancer, but not in patients with early age at onset. The analysis revealed affected genes in Czech melanoma patients and identified individuals who may benefit from genetic testing and future surveillance management of mutation carriers.
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54
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Wu Y, Poulos RC, Reddel RR. Role of POT1 in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102739. [PMID: 32987645 PMCID: PMC7598640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The segmentation of eukaryotic genomes into discrete linear chromosomes requires processes to solve several major biological problems, including prevention of the chromosome ends being recognized as DNA breaks and compensation for the shortening that occurs when linear DNA is replicated. A specialized set of six proteins, collectively referred to as shelterin, is involved in both of these processes, and mutations in several of these are now known to be involved in cancer. Here, we focus on Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1), the shelterin protein that appears to be most commonly involved in cancer, and consider the clinical significance of findings about its biological functions and the prevalence of inherited and acquired mutations in the POT1 gene. Abstract Telomere abnormalities facilitate cancer development by contributing to genomic instability and cellular immortalization. The Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex. It directly binds to single-stranded telomeric DNA, protecting chromosomal ends from an inappropriate DNA damage response, and plays a role in telomere length regulation. Alterations of POT1 have been detected in a range of cancers. Here, we review the biological functions of POT1, the prevalence of POT1 germline and somatic mutations across cancer predisposition syndromes and tumor types, and the dysregulation of POT1 expression in cancers. We propose a framework for understanding how POT1 abnormalities may contribute to oncogenesis in different cell types. Finally, we summarize the clinical implications of POT1 alterations in the germline and in cancer, and possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Wu
- Cancer Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
- ProCan® Cancer Data Science Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Rebecca C. Poulos
- ProCan® Cancer Data Science Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Roger R. Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8865-2901
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55
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Belhadj S, Terradas M, Munoz-Torres PM, Aiza G, Navarro M, Capellá G, Valle L. Candidate genes for hereditary colorectal cancer: Mutational screening and systematic review. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1563-1576. [PMID: 32449991 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide approaches applied for the identification of new hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) genes, identified several potential causal genes, including RPS20, IL12RB1, LIMK2, POLE2, MRE11, POT1, FAN1, WIF1, HNRNPA0, SEMA4A, FOCAD, PTPN12, LRP6, POLQ, BLM, MCM9, and the epigenetic inactivation of PTPRJ. Here we attempted to validate the association between variants in these genes and nonpolyposis CRC by performing a mutational screening of the genes and PTPRJ promoter methylation analysis in 473 familial/early-onset CRC cases, a systematic review of the published cases, and assessment of allele frequencies in control population. In the studied cohort, 24 (5%) carriers of (predicted) deleterious variants in the studied genes and no constitutional PTPRJ epimutations were identified. Assessment of allele frequencies in controls compared with familial/early-onset patients with CRC showed association with increased nonpolyposis CRC risk of disruptive variants in RPS20, IL12RB1, POLE2, MRE11 and POT1, and of FAN1 c.149T>G (p.Met50Arg). Lack of association was demonstrated for LIMK2, PTPN12, LRP6, PTPRJ, POLQ, BLM, MCM9 and FOCAD variants. Additional studies are required to provide conclusive evidence for SEMA4A, WIF1, HNRNPA0 c.-110G>C, and FOCAD large deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Belhadj
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau M Munoz-Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aiza
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Matilde Navarro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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56
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MiR-185 targets POT1 to induce telomere dysfunction and cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14791-14807. [PMID: 32687062 PMCID: PMC7425516 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protection of telomere 1 (POT1), the telomeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein in the shelterin complex, has been implicated in the DNA damage response, tumorigenesis and aging. Telomere dysfunction induced by telomere deprotection could accelerate cellular senescence in primary human cells. While previous work demonstrated the biological mechanism of POT1 in aging and cancer, how POT1 is posttranscriptionally regulated remains largely unknown. To better understand the POT1 regulatory axis, we performed bioinformatic prediction, and selected candidates were further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Collectively, our results revealed that miR-185 can significantly reduce POT1 mRNA and protein levels by directly targeting the POT1 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR). Overexpression of miR-185 increased telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIF) signals in both cancer cells and primary human fibroblasts. Elevated miR-185 led to telomere elongation in the telomerase-positive cell line HTC75, which was phenotypically consistent with POT1 knocking down. Moreover, miR-185 accelerated the replicative senescence process in primary human fibroblasts in a POT1-dependent manner. Interestingly, increased serum miR-185 could represent a potential aging-related biomarker. Taken together, our findings reveal miR-185 as a novel aging-related miRNA that targets POT1 and provide insight into the telomere and senescence regulatory network at both the intracellular and extracellular levels.
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57
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Fernandes SG, Dsouza R, Pandya G, Kirtonia A, Tergaonkar V, Lee SY, Garg M, Khattar E. Role of Telomeres and Telomeric Proteins in Human Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1901. [PMID: 32674474 PMCID: PMC7409176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes comprised of repetitive nucleotide sequences in humans. Telomeres preserve chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Telomere length shortens with every cell division in somatic cells, eventually resulting in replicative senescence once telomere length becomes critically short. Telomere shortening can be overcome by telomerase enzyme activity that is undetectable in somatic cells, while being active in germline cells, stem cells, and immune cells. Telomeres are bound by a shelterin complex that regulates telomere lengthening as well as protects them from being identified as DNA damage sites. Telomeres are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and generate a long noncoding RNA called telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), which plays a key role in regulating subtelomeric gene expression. Replicative immortality and genome instability are hallmarks of cancer and to attain them cancer cells exploit telomere maintenance and telomere protection mechanisms. Thus, understanding the role of telomeres and their associated proteins in cancer initiation, progression and treatment is very important. The present review highlights the critical role of various telomeric components with recently established functions in cancer. Further, current strategies to target various telomeric components including human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as a therapeutic approach in human malignancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Rebecca Dsouza
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sook Y. Lee
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
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58
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Aramburu T, Plucinsky S, Skordalakes E. POT1-TPP1 telomere length regulation and disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1939-1946. [PMID: 32774788 PMCID: PMC7385035 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are DNA repeats at the ends of linear chromosomes and are replicated by telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase. Telomere length regulation and chromosome end capping are essential for genome stability and are mediated primarily by the shelterin and CST complexes. POT1-TPP1, a subunit of shelterin, binds the telomeric overhang, suppresses ATR-dependent DNA damage response, and recruits telomerase to telomeres for DNA replication. POT1 localization to telomeres and chromosome end protection requires its interaction with TPP1. Therefore, the POT1-TPP1 complex is critical to telomere maintenance and full telomerase processivity. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize recent POT1-TPP1 structural studies and discuss how the complex contributes to telomere length regulation. In addition, we review how disruption of POT1-TPP1 function leads to human disease.
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Key Words
- ATM, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated protein
- ATR, Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related Protein
- CST, CTC1, Stn1 and Ten1
- CTC1, Conserved Telomere Capping Protein 1
- POT1
- POT1, Protection of telomere 1
- RAP1, Repressor/Activator Protein 1
- RPA, Replication Protein A
- SMCHD1, Structural Maintenance Of Chromosomes Flexible Hinge Domain Containing 1
- Shelterin
- Stn1, Suppressor of Cdc Thirteen
- TERC, Telomerase RNA
- TERT, Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase
- TIN2, TRF1- and TRF2-Interacting Nuclear Protein 2
- TPP1
- TPP1 also known as ACD, Adrenocortical Dysplasia Protein Homolog
- TRF1, Telomere Repeat binding Factor 1
- TRF2, Telomere Repeat binding Factor 2
- TSPYL5, Testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 5
- Telomerase
- Telomeres
- Ten1, Telomere Length Regulation Protein
- USP7, ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7
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59
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Terradas M, Capellá G, Valle L. Dominantly Inherited Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Not Caused by MMR Genes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061954. [PMID: 32585810 PMCID: PMC7355797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, multiple studies have been undertaken to elucidate the genetic cause of the predisposition to mismatch repair (MMR)-proficient nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we present the proposed candidate genes according to their involvement in specific pathways considered relevant in hereditary CRC and/or colorectal carcinogenesis. To date, only pathogenic variants in RPS20 may be convincedly linked to hereditary CRC. Nevertheless, accumulated evidence supports the involvement in the CRC predisposition of other genes, including MRE11, BARD1, POT1, BUB1B, POLE2, BRF1, IL12RB1, PTPN12, or the epigenetic alteration of PTPRJ. The contribution of the identified candidate genes to familial/early onset MMR-proficient nonpolyposis CRC, if any, is extremely small, suggesting that other factors, such as the accumulation of low risk CRC alleles, shared environmental exposures, and/or gene-environmental interactions, may explain the missing heritability in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.T.); (G.C.)
- Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-260-7145
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60
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Srivastava A, Miao B, Skopelitou D, Kumar V, Kumar A, Paramasivam N, Bonora E, Hemminki K, Försti A, Bandapalli OR. A Germline Mutation in the POT1 Gene Is a Candidate for Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061441. [PMID: 32492864 PMCID: PMC7352431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) is a common endocrine malignancy with a genetic basis that has yet to be unequivocally established. In a recent whole-genome sequencing study of five families with occurrence of NMTCs, we shortlisted promising variants with the help of bioinformatics tools. Here, we report in silico analyses and in vitro experiments on a novel germline variant (p.V29L) in the highly conserved oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding domain of the Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) gene in one of the families. The results showed a reduction in telomere-bound POT1 levels in the mutant protein as compared to its wild-type counterpart. HEK293T cells carrying POT1 p.V29L showed increased telomere length in comparison to wild-type cells, suggesting that the mutation causes telomere dysfunction and may play a role in predisposition to NMTC in this family. While one germline mutation in POT1 has already been reported in a melanoma-prone family with prevalence of thyroid cancers, we report the first of such mutations in a family affected solely by NMTCs, thus expanding current knowledge on shelterin complex-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (K.H.); (A.F.)
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beiping Miao
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diamanto Skopelitou
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (K.H.); (A.F.)
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (K.H.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Elena Bonora
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (K.H.); (A.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, 30605 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (K.H.); (A.F.)
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Obul Reddy Bandapalli
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (K.H.); (A.F.)
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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61
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Rotunno M, Barajas R, Clyne M, Hoover E, Simonds NI, Lam TK, Mechanic LE, Goldstein AM, Gillanders EM. A Systematic Literature Review of Whole Exome and Genome Sequencing Population Studies of Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1519-1534. [PMID: 32467344 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in cancer research has accelerated the discovery of somatic mutations; however, progress in the identification of germline variation associated with cancer risk is less clear. We conducted a systematic literature review of cancer genetic susceptibility studies that used NGS technologies at an exome/genome-wide scale to obtain a fuller understanding of the research landscape to date and to inform future studies. The variability across studies on methodologies and reporting was considerable. Most studies sequenced few high-risk (mainly European) families, used a candidate analysis approach, and identified potential cancer-related germline variants or genes in a small fraction of the sequenced cancer cases. This review highlights the importance of establishing consensus on standards for the application and reporting of variants filtering strategies. It also describes the progress in the identification of cancer-related germline variation to date. These findings point to the untapped potential in conducting studies with appropriately sized and racially diverse families and populations, combining results across studies and expanding beyond a candidate analysis approach to advance the discovery of genetic variation that accounts for the unexplained cancer heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rotunno
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Rolando Barajas
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mindy Clyne
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise Hoover
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Tram Kim Lam
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leah E Mechanic
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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Urbini M, Astolfi A, Indio V, Nannini M, Pizzi C, Paolisso P, Tarantino G, Pantaleo MA, Saponara M. Genetic aberrations and molecular biology of cardiac sarcoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920918492. [PMID: 32489430 PMCID: PMC7238448 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920918492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tumors are rare and complex entities. Early assessment and differentiation between non-neoplastic and neoplastic masses, be they benign or malignant, is essential for guiding diagnosis, determining prognosis, and planning therapy. Cardiac sarcomas represent the most frequent primary malignant histotype. They could have manifold presentations so that the diagnosis is often belated. Moreover, considering their rarity and the limitation due to the cardiac location itself, the optimal multimodal management of patients affected by primary cardiac sarcomas still remains highly difficult and outcome dismal. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve these results mainly focusing on more adequate tools for prompt diagnosis and exploring new and more effective therapies. Knowledge about the molecular landscape and pathogenesis of cardiac sarcoma is even more limited due to the rarity of this disease. In this sense, the molecular characterization of heart tumors could unfold potentially novel, druggable targets. In this review, we focused on genetic aberrations and molecular biology of cardiac sarcomas, collecting the scarce information available and resuming all the molecular findings discovered in each tumor subtype, with the aim to get further insights on mechanisms involved in tumor growth and to possibly highlight specific molecular profiles that can be used as diagnostic tests and unveil new clinically actionable targets in this tricky and challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Urbini
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Cardiology and Transplantation, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi
Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Cardiology and Transplantation, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi
Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tarantino
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital,
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maristella Saponara
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and
Diagnostic Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital,
University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, Bologna, Bologna 40138,
Italy
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63
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Orois A, Badenas C, Reverter JL, López V, Potrony M, Mora M, Halperin I, Oriola J. Lack of Mutations in POT1 Gene in Selected Families with Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:111-116. [PMID: 32172474 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the genes involved in familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) remain poorly understood, with the exception of syndromic cases of FNMTC. It has been proposed that germline mutations in telomere-related genes, such as POT1, described in familial melanoma might also predispose individuals to thyroid cancer, requiring further research. We aimed to identify germline mutations in POT1 in selected FNMTC families (with at least three affected members) without a history of other cancers or other features, and to describe the clinical characteristics of these families. Sequencing of the 5'UTR and coding regions of POT1 was performed in seven affected people (index cases) from seven families with FNMTC. In addition, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of DNA from 10 affected individuals belonging to four of these families. We did not find germline variants of interest in POT1 by Sanger sequencing or WES. We neither found putative causative mutations in genes previously described as candidate genes for FNMTC in the 4 families studied by WES. In our study, no germline potentially pathogenic mutations were detected in POT1, minimizing the possibilities that this gene could be substantially involved in non-syndromic FNMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Orois
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, 08221, Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Celia Badenas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi L Reverter
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute and Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08196, Badalona, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Mora
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Halperin
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
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64
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Gong Y, Stock AJ, Liu Y. The enigma of excessively long telomeres in cancer: lessons learned from rare human POT1 variants. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 60:48-55. [PMID: 32155570 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that rare POT1 variants are associated with extremely long telomeres and increased cancer predisposition has provided a framework to revisit the relationship between telomere length and cancer development. Telomere shortening is linked with increased risk for cancer. However, over the past decade, there is increasing evidence to show that extremely long telomeres caused by mutations in shelterin components (POT1, TPP1, and RAP1) also display an increased risk of cancer. Here, we will review current knowledge on germline mutations of POT1 identified from cancer-prone families. In particular, we will discuss some common features presented by the mutations through structure-function studies. We will further provide an overview of how POT1 mutations affect telomere length regulation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Amanda J Stock
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yie Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Richard MA, Lupo PJ, Morton LM, Yasui YA, Sapkota YA, Arnold MA, Aubert G, Neglia JP, Turcotte LM, Leisenring WM, Sampson JN, Chanock SJ, Hudson MM, Armstrong GT, Robison LL, Bhatia S, Gramatges MM. Genetic variation in POT1 and risk of thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228887. [PMID: 32040538 PMCID: PMC7010302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is associated with risk for thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm in survivors of childhood cancer. Here, we investigated associations between thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm and inherited variation in telomere maintenance genes. METHODS We used RegulomeDB to annotate the functional impact of variants mapping to 14 telomere maintenance genes among 5,066 five-or-more year survivors who participate in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and who are longitudinally followed for incidence of subsequent cancers. Hazard ratios for thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm were calculated for 60 putatively functional variants with minor allele frequency ≥1% in or near telomere maintenance genes. Functional impact was further assessed by measuring telomere length in leukocyte subsets. RESULTS The minor allele at Protection of Telomeres-1 (POT1) rs58722976 was associated with increased risk for thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm (adjusted HR = 6.1, 95% CI: 2.4, 15.5, P = 0.0001; Fisher's exact P = 0.001). This imputed SNP was present in three out of 110 survivors who developed thyroid cancer vs. 14 out of 4,956 survivors who did not develop thyroid cancer. In a subset of 83 survivors with leukocyte telomere length data available, this variant was associated with longer telomeres in B lymphocytes (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Using a functional variant approach, we identified and confirmed an association between a low frequency intronic regulatory POT1 variant and thyroid subsequent malignant neoplasm in survivors of childhood cancer. These results suggest that intronic variation in POT1 may affect key protein binding interactions that impact telomere maintenance and genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Richard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M. Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Yutaka A. Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Yadav A. Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph P. Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Lucie M. Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Wendy M. Leisenring
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Gregory T. Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, England
| | - Maria Monica Gramatges
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Structural Features of Nucleoprotein CST/Shelterin Complex Involved in the Telomere Maintenance and Its Association with Disease Mutations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020359. [PMID: 32033110 PMCID: PMC7072152 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere comprises the ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes and is composed of G-rich (TTAGGG) tandem repeats which play an important role in maintaining genome stability, premature aging and onsets of many diseases. Majority of the telomere are replicated by conventional DNA replication, and only the last bit of the lagging strand is synthesized by telomerase (a reverse transcriptase). In addition to replication, telomere maintenance is principally carried out by two key complexes known as shelterin (TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, RAP1, POT1, and TPP1) and CST (CDC13/CTC1, STN1, and TEN1). Shelterin protects the telomere from DNA damage response (DDR) and regulates telomere length by telomerase; while, CST govern the extension of telomere by telomerase and C strand fill-in synthesis. We have investigated both structural and biochemical features of shelterin and CST complexes to get a clear understanding of their importance in the telomere maintenance. Further, we have analyzed ~115 clinically important mutations in both of the complexes. Association of such mutations with specific cellular fault unveils the importance of shelterin and CST complexes in the maintenance of genome stability. A possibility of targeting shelterin and CST by small molecule inhibitors is further investigated towards the therapeutic management of associated diseases. Overall, this review provides a possible direction to understand the mechanisms of telomere borne diseases, and their therapeutic intervention.
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67
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He H, Li W, Comiskey DF, Liyanarachchi S, Nieminen TT, Wang Y, DeLap KE, Brock P, de la Chapelle A. A Truncating Germline Mutation of TINF2 in Individuals with Thyroid Cancer or Melanoma Results in Longer Telomeres. Thyroid 2020; 30:204-213. [PMID: 31928178 PMCID: PMC7047085 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Our genome sequencing analysis revealed a frameshift mutation in the shelterin gene TINF2 in a large family with individuals affected with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and melanoma. Here, we further characterized the mutation and screened for coding variants in the 6 shelterin genes in 24 families. Methods: Sanger sequencing was performed to screen for the TINF2 mutation in the key family. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for TINF2 gene expression analysis. Exogenous expression and co-immunoprecipitation techniques were used for assessing TINF2 binding to TERF1. Relative telomere length (RTL) was quantified in DNAs from lymphocytes by using quantitative real-time PCR. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in seven families with individuals affected with PTC and other cancer types. Screening for DNA variants in shelterin genes was performed by using whole genome sequencing data from 17 families and WES data from 7 further families. Results: The TINF2 mutation (TINF2 p.Trp198fs) showed complete co-segregation with PTC and melanoma in the key family. The mutation is not reported in databases and not identified in 23 other families we screened. The expression of TINF2 was borderline reduced in individuals with the mutation. The truncated TINF2 protein showed abolished binding to TERF1. The RTL in the individuals with the mutation was significantly longer when compared with those without the mutation from the same family as well as compared with 62 healthy controls. Among the 24 families, we identified 3 missense and 1 synonymous variant(s) in 2 shelterin genes (TINF2 and ACD). Conclusions: The rare frameshift mutation in the TINF2 gene and the associated longer telomere length suggest that dysregulated telomeres could be a mechanism predisposing to PTC and melanoma. DNA coding variants in shelterin genes are rare. Further studies are required to evaluate the roles of variants in shelterin genes in thyroid cancer and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling He
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Address correspondence to: Huiling He, MD, Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 895 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wei Li
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel F. Comiskey
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Taina T. Nieminen
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katherine E. DeLap
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pamela Brock
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Shen E, Xiu J, Lopez GY, Bentley R, Jalali A, Heimberger AB, Bainbridge MN, Bondy ML, Walsh KM. POT1 mutation spectrum in tumour types commonly diagnosed among POT1-associated hereditary cancer syndrome families. J Med Genet 2020; 57:664-670. [PMID: 31937561 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shelterin complex is composed of six proteins that protect and regulate telomere length, including protection of telomeres 1 (POT1). Germline POT1 mutations are associated with an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome presenting with diverse malignancies, including glioma, angiosarcoma, colorectal cancer and melanoma. Although somatic POT1 mutations promote telomere elongation and genome instability in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, the contribution of POT1 mutations to development of other sporadic cancers is largely unexplored. METHODS We performed logistic regression, adjusted for tumour mutational burden, to identify associations between POT1 mutation frequency and tumour type in 62 368 tumours undergoing next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 1834 tumours harboured a non-benign mutation of POT1 (2.94%), of which 128 harboured a mutation previously reported to confer familial cancer risk in the setting of germline POT1 deficiency. Angiosarcoma was 11 times more likely than other tumours to harbour a POT1 mutation (p=1.4×10-20), and 65% of POT1-mutated angiosarcoma had >1 mutations in POT1. Malignant gliomas were 1.7 times less likely to harbour a POT1 mutation (p=1.2×10-3) than other tumour types. Colorectal cancer was 1.2 times less likely to harbour a POT1 mutation (p=0.012), while melanoma showed no differences in POT1 mutation frequency versus other tumours (p=0.67). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm a role for shelterin dysfunction in angiosarcoma development but suggest that gliomas arising in the context of germline POT1 deficiency activate a telomere-lengthening mechanism that is uncommon in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Medical Affairs, Caris Life Sciences Inc, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Giselle Y Lopez
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rex Bentley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ali Jalali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Melissa L Bondy
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA .,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Amir M, Ahamad S, Mohammad T, Jairajpuri DS, Hasan GM, Dohare R, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Investigation of conformational dynamics of Tyr89Cys mutation in protection of telomeres 1 gene associated with familial melanoma. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 39:35-44. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1705186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Amir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeba Shamim Jairajpuri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Megquier K, Turner-Maier J, Swofford R, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Wang C, Sakthikumar S, Johnson J, Koltookian M, Lewellen M, Scott MC, Schulte AJ, Borst L, Tonomura N, Alfoldi J, Painter C, Thomas R, Karlsson EK, Breen M, Modiano JF, Elvers I, Lindblad-Toh K. Comparative Genomics Reveals Shared Mutational Landscape in Canine Hemangiosarcoma and Human Angiosarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2410-2421. [PMID: 31570656 PMCID: PMC7067513 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with few effective treatment options and high patient mortality. It is both rare and heterogenous, making large, well-powered genomic studies nearly impossible. Dogs commonly suffer from a similar cancer, called hemangiosarcoma, with breeds like the golden retriever carrying heritable genetic factors that put them at high risk. If the clinical similarity of canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma reflects shared genomic etiology, dogs could be a critically needed model for advancing angiosarcoma research. We assessed the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma via whole-exome sequencing (47 golden retriever hemangiosarcomas) and RNA sequencing (74 hemangiosarcomas from multiple breeds). Somatic coding mutations occurred most frequently in the tumor suppressor TP53 (59.6% of cases) as well as two genes in the PI3K pathway: the oncogene PIK3CA (29.8%) and its regulatory subunit PIK3R1 (8.5%). The predominant mutational signature was the age-associated deamination of cytosine to thymine. As reported in human angiosarcoma, CDKN2A/B was recurrently deleted and VEGFA, KDR, and KIT recurrently gained. We compared the canine data to human data recently released by The Angiosarcoma Project, and found many of the same genes and pathways significantly enriched for somatic mutations, particularly in breast and visceral angiosarcomas. Canine hemangiosarcoma closely models the genomic landscape of human angiosarcoma of the breast and viscera, and is a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of this devastating disease. IMPLICATIONS: We characterize the genomic landscape of canine hemangiosarcoma and demonstrate its similarity to human angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jong-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chao Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sharadha Sakthikumar
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mitzi Lewellen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Milcah C Scott
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ashley J Schulte
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Luke Borst
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Noriko Tonomura
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica Alfoldi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Corrie Painter
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Count Me In, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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71
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Gargallo P, Yáñez Y, Segura V, Juan A, Torres B, Balaguer J, Oltra S, Castel V, Cañete A. Li-Fraumeni syndrome heterogeneity. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:978-988. [PMID: 31691207 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical variability is commonly seen in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Phenotypic heterogeneity is present among different families affected by the same pathogenic variant in TP53 gene and among members of the same family. However, causes of this huge clinical spectrum have not been studied in depth. TP53 type mutation, polymorphic variants in TP53 gene or in TP53-related genes, copy number variations in particular regions, and/or epigenetic deregulation of TP53 expression might be responsible for clinical heterogeneity. In this review, recent advances in the understanding of genetic and epigenetic aspects influencing Li-Fraumeni phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gargallo
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Y Yáñez
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Segura
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Research Group, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Juan
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Torres
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Balaguer
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Oltra
- Genetics Unit, La Fe Hospital, Valencia, Spain.,Genetics Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Castel
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cañete
- Pediatric Oncology, La Fe Hospital, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
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72
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POT1-TPP1 differentially regulates telomerase via POT1 His266 and as a function of single-stranded telomere DNA length. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23527-23533. [PMID: 31685617 PMCID: PMC6876245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905381116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres cap the ends of linear chromosomes and terminate in a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhang recognized by POT1-TPP1 heterodimers to help regulate telomere length homeostasis. Here hydroxyl radical footprinting coupled with mass spectrometry was employed to probe protein-protein interactions and conformational changes involved in the assembly of telomere ssDNA substrates of differing lengths bound by POT1-TPP1 heterodimers. Our data identified environmental changes surrounding residue histidine 266 of POT1 that were dependent on telomere ssDNA substrate length. We further determined that the chronic lymphocytic leukemia-associated H266L substitution significantly reduced POT1-TPP1 binding to short ssDNA substrates; however, it only moderately impaired the heterodimer binding to long ssDNA substrates containing multiple protein binding sites. Additionally, we identified a telomerase inhibitory role when several native POT1-TPP1 proteins coat physiologically relevant lengths of telomere ssDNA. This POT1-TPP1 complex-mediated inhibition of telomerase is abrogated in the context of the POT1 H266L mutation, which leads to telomere overextension in a malignant cellular environment.
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73
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Sasaki M, North PE, Elsey J, Bubley J, Rao S, Jung Y, Wu S, Zou MH, Pollack BP, Kumar J, Singh H, Arbiser JL. Propranolol exhibits activity against hemangiomas independent of beta blockade. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:27. [PMID: 31701018 PMCID: PMC6825155 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Propranolol is a widely used beta blocker that consists of a racemic mixture of R and S stereoisomers. Only the S stereoisomer has significant activity against the beta-adrenergic receptor. A fortuitous clinical observation was made in an infant who received propranolol for cardiac disease, and regression of a hemangioma of infancy was noted. This has led to the widespread use of propranolol for the treatment of large and life-threatening hemangiomas of infancy. Infants receiving propranolol require monitoring to ensure that they do not suffer from side effects related to beta blockade. The exact mechanism of activity of propranolol in hemangioma of infancy is unknown. In this study, we treated hemangioma stem cells with both beta blockade active S- and inactive R-propranolol and looked for genes that were coordinately regulated by this treatment. Among the genes commonly downregulated, Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) was among the most regulated. We confirmed that propranolol isomers downregulated ANGPTL4 in endothelial cells, with greater downregulation of ANGPTL4 using the beta blockade inactive R-propranolol. ANGPTL4 is present in human hemangiomas of infancy. Finally, R-propranolol inhibited the growth of bEnd.3 hemangioma cells in vivo. The implication of this is that hemangioma growth can be blocked without the side effects of beta blockade. Given that humans have been exposed to racemic propranolol for decades and thus to R-propranolol, clinical development of R-propranolol for hemangiomas of infancy and other angiogenic diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Sasaki
- 1Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.,2Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033 USA
| | - Paula E North
- 3Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226 USA
| | - Justin Elsey
- 1Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jeffrey Bubley
- 1Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Shikha Rao
- 1Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Yoonhee Jung
- 4Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Shengnan Wu
- 5Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- 5Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Brian P Pollack
- 1Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.,2Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033 USA
| | | | - Hartej Singh
- 1Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- 1Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.,2Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033 USA
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74
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Amir M, Mohammad T, Prasad K, Hasan GM, Kumar V, Dohare R, Islam A, Ahmad F, Imtaiyaz Hassan M. Virtual high-throughput screening of natural compounds in-search of potential inhibitors for protection of telomeres 1 (POT1). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4625-4634. [PMID: 31625455 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1682052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Amir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kartikay Prasad
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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76
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Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a rare tumor developed in bone and soft tissues of children and teenagers. This entity is biologically led by a chromosomal translocation, typically including EWS and FLI1 genes. Little is known about Ewing sarcoma predisposition, although the role of environmental factors, ethnicity and certain polymorphisms on Ewing sarcoma susceptibility has been studied during the last few years. Its prevalence among cancer predisposition syndromes has also been thoroughly examined. This review summarizes the available evidence on predisposing factors involved in Ewing sarcoma susceptibility. On the basis of these data, an integrated approach of the most influential factors on Ewing sarcoma predisposition is proposed.
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77
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Calvete O, Garcia‐Pavia P, Domínguez F, Mosteiro L, Pérez‐Cabornero L, Cantalapiedra D, Zorio E, Ramón y Cajal T, Crespo‐Leiro MG, Teulé Á, Lázaro C, Morente MM, Urioste M, Benitez J. POT1 and Damage Response Malfunction Trigger Acquisition of Somatic Activating Mutations in the VEGF Pathway in Cardiac Angiosarcomas. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012875. [PMID: 31510873 PMCID: PMC6818007 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in the POT1 gene explain abnormally long telomeres and multiple tumors including cardiac angiosarcomas (CAS). However, the link between long telomeres and tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Methods and Results Here, we have studied the somatic landscape of 3 different angiosarcoma patients with mutations in the POT1 gene to further investigate this tumorigenesis process. In addition, the genetic landscape of 7 CAS patients without mutations in the POT1 gene has been studied. Patients with CAS and nonfunctional POT1 did not repress ATR (ataxia telangiectasia RAD3-related)-dependent DNA damage signaling and showed a constitutive increase of cell cycle arrest and somatic activating mutations in the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)/angiogenesis pathway (KDR gene). The same observation was made in POT1 mutation carriers with tumors different from CAS and also in CAS patients without mutations in the POT1 gene but with mutations in other genes involved in DNA damage signaling. Conclusions Inhibition of POT1 function and damage-response malfunction activated DNA damage signaling and increased cell cycle arrest as well as interfered with apoptosis, which would permit acquisition of somatic mutations in the VEGF/angiogenesis pathway that drives tumor formation. Therapies based on the inhibition of damage signaling in asymptomatic carriers may diminish defects on cell cycle arrest and thus prevent the apoptosis deregulation that leads to the acquisition of driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Calvete
- Human Genetics GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
| | - Pablo Garcia‐Pavia
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV)MadridSpain
| | - Fernando Domínguez
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Lluc Mosteiro
- Tumour Suppression GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Diego Cantalapiedra
- Medical Genetics UnitSistemas GenómicosParque Tecnológico de ValenciaPaternaSpain
| | - Esther Zorio
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario y Politécnico La FeValenciaSpain
| | | | - Maria G. Crespo‐Leiro
- Department of CardiologyHospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
- Department of CardiologyInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC)Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUfSiAC)A CoruñaSpain
| | - Álex Teulé
- Hereditary Cancer Program‐Medical Oncology ServiceCatalan Institute of OncologyICO‐IDIBELL and CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Medical Oncology ServiceCatalan Institute of OncologyICO‐IDIBELL and CIBERONCBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manuel M. Morente
- Biobank UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
- Familial Cancer Clinical UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)MadridSpain
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78
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Bejarano L, Louzame J, Montero JJ, Megías D, Flores JM, Blasco MA. Safety of Whole-Body Abrogation of the TRF1 Shelterin Protein in Wild-Type and Cancer-Prone Mouse Models. iScience 2019; 19:572-585. [PMID: 31446222 PMCID: PMC6713815 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are considered potential anti-cancer targets. Most studies have focused on telomerase inhibition, but this strategy has largely failed in clinical trials. Direct disruption of the shelterin complex through TRF1 inhibition can block tumorigenesis in cancer mouse models by a mechanism that involves DNA damage induction and reduction of proliferation and stemness. Any anti-cancer target, however, must fulfill the requisite of not showing deleterious effects in healthy tissues. Here, we show that Trf1 genetic deletion in wild-type and cancer-prone p53- and Ink4Arf-deficient mice does not affect organismal viability and only induces mild phenotypes like decreased body weight and hair graying or hair loss, the skin being the most affected tissue. Importantly, we found that Trf1 is essential for tumorigenesis in p53- and Ink4Arf-deficient mice, as we did not find a single tumor originating from Trf1-deleted cells. These findings indicate a therapeutic window for targeting Trf1 in cancer treatment. Trf1 deletion does not affect organism viability in WT and cancer-prone mouse models Trf1 deletion only induces mild phenotypes in adult tissues, especially in the skin No tumors originate from Trf1-deleted cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Bejarano
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jessica Louzame
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juán José Montero
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juana M Flores
- Animal Surgery and Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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79
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McNally EJ, Luncsford PJ, Armanios M. Long telomeres and cancer risk: the price of cellular immortality. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3474-3481. [PMID: 31380804 PMCID: PMC6715353 DOI: 10.1172/jci120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of telomere length in humans is broad, but it has finite upper and lower boundaries. Growing evidence shows that there are disease processes that are caused by both short and long telomere length extremes. The genetic basis of these short and long telomere syndromes may be linked to mutations in the same genes, such as the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), but through differential effects on telomere length. Short telomere syndromes have a predominant degenerative phenotype marked by organ failure that most commonly manifests as pulmonary fibrosis and are associated with a relatively low cancer incidence. In contrast, insights from studies of cancer-prone families as well as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified both rare and common variants that lengthen telomeres as being strongly associated with cancer risk. We have hypothesized that these cancers represent a long telomere syndrome that is associated with a high penetrance of cutaneous melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In this Review, we will synthesize the clinical and human genetic observations with data from mouse models to define the role of telomeres in cancer etiology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Armanios
- Department of Oncology
- Telomere Center
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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80
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Bejarano L, Bosso G, Louzame J, Serrano R, Gómez‐Casero E, Martínez‐Torrecuadrada J, Martínez S, Blanco‐Aparicio C, Pastor J, Blasco MA. Multiple cancer pathways regulate telomere protection. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10292. [PMID: 31273934 PMCID: PMC6609915 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are considered as universal anti-cancer targets, as telomere maintenance is essential to sustain indefinite cancer growth. Mutations in telomerase, the enzyme that maintains telomeres, are among the most frequently found in cancer. In addition, mutations in components of the telomere protective complex, or shelterin, are also found in familial and sporadic cancers. Most efforts to target telomeres have focused in telomerase inhibition; however, recent studies suggest that direct targeting of the shelterin complex could represent a more effective strategy. In particular, we recently showed that genetic deletion of the TRF1 essential shelterin protein impairs tumor growth in aggressive lung cancer and glioblastoma (GBM) mouse models by direct induction of telomere damage independently of telomere length. Here, we screen for TRF1 inhibitory drugs using a collection of FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, which cover the majority of pathways included in the Reactome database. Among other targets, we find that inhibition of several kinases of the Ras pathway, including ERK and MEK, recapitulates the effects of Trf1 genetic deletion, including induction of telomeric DNA damage, telomere fragility, and inhibition of cancer stemness. We further show that both bRAF and ERK2 kinases phosphorylate TRF1 in vitro and that these modifications are essential for TRF1 location to telomeres in vivo. Finally, we use these new TRF1 regulatory pathways as the basis to discover novel drug combinations based on TRF1 inhibition, with the goal of effectively blocking potential resistance to individual drugs in patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Bejarano
- Telomeres and Telomerase GroupMolecular Oncology ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Giuseppe Bosso
- Telomeres and Telomerase GroupMolecular Oncology ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Jessica Louzame
- Telomeres and Telomerase GroupMolecular Oncology ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Rosa Serrano
- Telomeres and Telomerase GroupMolecular Oncology ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Elena Gómez‐Casero
- Experimental Therapeutics ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Sonia Martínez
- Experimental Therapeutics ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Joaquín Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase GroupMolecular Oncology ProgramSpanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
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81
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Potrony M, Puig-Butille J, Ribera-Sola M, Iyer V, Robles-Espinoza C, Aguilera P, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Badenas C, Landi M, Adams D, Puig S. POT1 germline mutations but not TERT promoter mutations are implicated in melanoma susceptibility in a large cohort of Spanish melanoma families. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:105-113. [PMID: 30451293 PMCID: PMC6526091 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in telomere-related genes such as POT1 and TERT predispose individuals to familial melanoma. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of germline mutations in POT1 and TERT in a large cohort of Spanish melanoma-prone families (at least two affected first- or second-degree relatives). METHODS Overall, 228 CDKN2A wild-type melanoma-prone families were included in the study. Screening of POT1 was performed in one affected person from each family and TERT was sequenced in one affected patient from 202 families (26 families were excluded owing to DNA exhaustion/degradation). TERT promoter sequencing was extended to an additional 30 families with CDKN2A mutation and 70 patients with sporadic multiple primary melanoma (MPM) with a family history of other cancers. RESULTS We identified four families with potentially pathogenic POT1 germline mutations: a missense variant c.233T>C (p.Ile78Thr); a nonsense variant c.1030G>T (p.Glu344*); and two other variants, c.255G>A (r.125_255del) and c.1792G>A (r.1791_1792insAGTA, p.Asp598Serfs*22), which we confirmed disrupted POT1 mRNA splicing. A TERT promoter variant of unknown significance (c.-125C>A) was detected in a patient with MPM, but no germline mutations were detected in TERT promoter in cases of familial melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 1·7% of our CDKN2A/CDK4-wild type Spanish melanoma-prone families carry probably damaging mutations in POT1. The frequency of TERT promoter germline mutations in families with melanoma in our population is extremely rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J.A. Puig-Butille
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Ribera-Sola
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. Iyer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C.D. Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
- Experimental Cancer Genetics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P. Aguilera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Badenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M.T. Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - D.J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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82
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Genetic predisposition to chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Hemasphere 2019; 3:HemaSphere-2019-0015. [PMID: 35309829 PMCID: PMC8925689 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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83
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Amir M, Ahmad S, Ahamad S, Kumar V, Mohammad T, Dohare R, Alajmi MF, Rehman T, Hussain A, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Impact of Gln94Glu mutation on the structure and function of protection of telomere 1, a cause of cutaneous familial melanoma. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1514-1524. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1610500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Amir
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering &Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering &Technology, IFTM University, Lodhipur-Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Asimul Islam
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
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84
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Jiang L, Xu X, Davies H, Shi K. The effect of ifosfamide, epirubicin, and recombinant human endostatin therapy on a cardiac angiosarcoma: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15290. [PMID: 31027090 PMCID: PMC6831325 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor, for which only surgery has been proven to be effective to date. Currently there are no reports as to whether a postoperative regimen of ifosfamide, epirubicin, and recombinant human endostatin is effective. PATIENT CONCERN The patient presented to us with chest pain and dyspnea. DIAGNOSIS Enhanced computerized tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) suggested pericarditis and an atrial perforation, but malignancy was suspected, so the patient underwent an operation to resect the tumor and repair. Pathology of the tumor reseccted at operation showed the tumor to be an angiosarcoma. INTERVENTION After the surgery, the patient was stared on a paclitaxel chemotherapy regimen (135 mg/m once every 3 weeks). However, 2 cycles later, pulmonary and hepatic metastases were found. Chemotherapy was then changed to ifosfamide, epirubicin (ifosfamide 2000 mg/m days 1-3, epirubicin 70 mg/m days 1-2) and recombinant human endostatin (7.5 mg/m days 1-14) in 3 weekly cycles. OUTCOME Three cycles later, follow-up showed that chemotherapy had delayed progression of the pulmonary metastases, but that the hepatic node was still growing. The patient has now survived 8 months post surgery and is still on follow-up. LESSONS This case shows us that operation on late stage cardiac angiosarcomas can alleviate a patient's symptoms; postoperative paclitaxel monotherapy was insufficient and ifosfamide and epirubicin plus recombinant human endostatin has a limited effect on late stage cardiac angiosarcoma. Studies with a larger sample size are needed for verification of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
| | - Xingjie Xu
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Henry Davies
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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85
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Cacchione S, Biroccio A, Rizzo A. Emerging roles of telomeric chromatin alterations in cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:21. [PMID: 30654820 PMCID: PMC6337846 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the nucleoprotein structures that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, play important and multiple roles in tumorigenesis. Functional telomeres need the establishment of a protective chromatin structure based on the interplay between the specific complex named shelterin and a tight nucleosomal organization. Telomere shortening in duplicating somatic cells leads eventually to the destabilization of the telomere capping structure and to the activation of a DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. The final outcome of this process is cell replicative senescence, which constitute a protective barrier against unlimited proliferation. Cells that can bypass senescence checkpoint continue to divide until a second replicative checkpoint, crisis, characterized by chromosome fusions and rearrangements leading to massive cell death by apoptosis. During crisis telomere dysfunctions can either inhibit cell replication or favor tumorigenesis by the accumulation of chromosomal rearrangements and neoplastic mutations. The acquirement of a telomere maintenance mechanism allows fixing the aberrant phenotype, and gives the neoplastic cell unlimited replicative potential, one of the main hallmarks of cancer.Despite the crucial role that telomeres play in cancer development, little is known about the epigenetic alterations of telomeric chromatin that affect telomere protection and are associated with tumorigenesis. Here we discuss the current knowledge on the role of telomeric chromatin in neoplastic transformation, with a particular focus on H3.3 mutations in alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) cancers and sirtuin deacetylases dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cacchione
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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86
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Amir M, Kumar V, Mohammad T, Dohare R, Hussain A, Rehman MT, Alam P, Alajmi MF, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Investigation of deleterious effects of nsSNPs in the
POT1
gene: a structural genomics‐based approach to understand the mechanism of cancer development. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:10281-10294. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Amir
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Ravins Dohare
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
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87
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Ballinger ML, Pinese M, Thomas DM. Translating genomic risk into an early detection strategy for sarcoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 58:130-136. [PMID: 30382615 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas have a strong genetic etiology, and the study of families affected by sarcomas has informed much of what we now understand of modern cancer biology. The recent emergence of powerful genetic technologies has led to astonishing reductions in costs and increased throughput. In the clinic, these technologies are revealing a previously unappreciated and rich landscape of genetic cancer risk. In addition to both known and new cancer risk mutations, genomic tools are cataloguing complex and polygenic risk patterns, collectively explaining between 15-25% of apparently sporadic sarcoma cases. The impact on clinical management is exemplified by Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, the most penetrant sarcoma syndrome. Whole body magnetic resonance imaging can identify surgically resectable cancers in up to one in ten individuals with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. Taken together, parallel developments in genomics, therapeutics and imaging technologies will drive closer engagement between genetics and multidisciplinary care of the sarcoma patient in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy L Ballinger
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Thomas
- Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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88
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Majerska J, Feretzaki M, Glousker G, Lingner J. Transformation-induced stress at telomeres is counteracted through changes in the telomeric proteome including SAMHD1. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800121. [PMID: 30456372 PMCID: PMC6238619 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors apply telomeric chromatin analysis to identify factors that accumulate at telomeres during cellular transformation, promoting telomere replication and repair and counteracting oncogene-borne telomere replication stress. Telomeres play crucial roles during tumorigenesis, inducing cellular senescence upon telomere shortening and extensive chromosome instability during telomere crisis. However, it has not been investigated if and how cellular transformation and oncogenic stress alter telomeric chromatin composition and function. Here, we transform human fibroblasts by consecutive transduction with vectors expressing hTERT, the SV40 early region, and activated H-RasV12. Pairwise comparisons of the telomeric proteome during different stages of transformation reveal up-regulation of proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and replication at chromosome ends. Depletion of several of these proteins induces telomere fragility, indicating their roles in replication of telomeric DNA. Depletion of SAMHD1, which has reported roles in DNA resection and homology-directed repair, leads to telomere breakage events in cells deprived of the shelterin component TRF1. Thus, our analysis identifies factors, which accumulate at telomeres during cellular transformation to promote telomere replication and repair, resisting oncogene-borne telomere replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Majerska
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Feretzaki
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Galina Glousker
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Lingner
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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89
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Galván DC, Ayyappan AP, Bryan BA. Regression of primary cardiac angiosarcoma and metastatic nodules following propranolol as a single agent treatment. Oncoscience 2018; 5:264-268. [PMID: 30460329 PMCID: PMC6231448 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is the most common malignant cardiac tumor. Cardiac angiosarcoma is a highly lethal neoplasm that is largely resistant to conventional anti-cancer therapy. Mean survival of patients with cardiac angiosarcoma is only 4 months, and almost all patients will succumb to the disease within 1 year. The beta blocker propranolol is an emerging therapy against angiosarcoma. When combined with conventional therapies, propranolol increases progression free and overall survival in patients with this tumor type. It is currently unknown if propranolol is capable of showing anti-cancer efficacy as a single agent therapy. We report a case of a 61 year old woman diagnosed with primary cardiac angiosarcoma and liver and lung metastases. This patient chose to decline conventional therapy, and instead was prescribed the beta blocker propranolol as a single agent treatment. After 12 months, the mediastinal mass substantially debulked and decreased in size, and the metastatic nodules stabilized or resolved with no evidence of hyper-metabolic activity on PET-CT. This is the first reported data showing long term efficacy of the beta blocker propranolol as a single agent therapy against angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Galván
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anoop P Ayyappan
- Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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90
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Yanagawa B, Mazine A, Chan EY, Barker CM, Gritti M, Reul RM, Ravi V, Ibarra S, Shapira OM, Cusimano RJ, Reardon MJ. Surgery for Tumors of the Heart. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 30:385-397. [PMID: 30205144 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Most surgeons will encounter only a handful of primary cardiac tumors outside of myxomas. Approximately 3 quarters of primary cardiac tumors are benign and 1 quarter is malignant. In most cases, cardiac tumors are silent but when symptoms do occur, they are primarily determined by tumor size and anatomical location, not by histopathology. The diagnosis and preoperative imaging relies heavily on multimodal imaging including echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and coronary angiography. Surgical resection is the most common treatment for most simple primary cardiac tumors and for some complex benign tumors. Surgical resection of primary cardiac tumors frequently involves the need for complex cardiac reconstruction, particularly when malignant. Secondary tumors to the heart are 30 times more frequent than primary cardiac tumors, and their incidence is increasing, largely as a result of advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Surgical resection is feasible in only a small fraction of highly-selected patients with secondary tumors to the heart. For complex benign tumors-such as paraganglioma or large fibromas-and all primary and secondary malignant tumors, a multidisciplinary cardiac tumor team review in experienced centers of excellence is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby Yanagawa
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amine Mazine
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Y Chan
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Colin M Barker
- Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Gritti
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ross M Reul
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Vinod Ravi
- Department of Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sergio Ibarra
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Oz M Shapira
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert J Cusimano
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Reardon
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
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91
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Paumard‐Hernández B, Calvete O, Inglada Pérez L, Tejero H, Al‐Shahrour F, Pita G, Barroso A, Carlos Triviño J, Urioste M, Valverde C, González Billalabeitia E, Quiroga V, Francisco Rodríguez Moreno J, Fernández Aramburo A, López C, Maroto P, Sastre J, José Juan Fita M, Duran I, Lorenzo‐Lorenzo I, Iranzo P, García del Muro X, Ros S, Zambrana F, María Autran A, Benítez J. Whole exome sequencing identifies
PLEC
,
EXO5
and
DNAH7
as novel susceptibility genes in testicular cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1954-1962. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oriol Calvete
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)Madrid Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)Madrid Spain
| | - Lucia Inglada Pérez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)Madrid Spain
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)Madrid Spain
| | - Héctor Tejero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)Madrid Spain
| | - Fátima Al‐Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)Madrid Spain
| | - Guillermo Pita
- Human Genotyping‐CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetic Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Barroso
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Triviño
- Bioinformatic Unit, Sistemas Genómicos, Valencia Spain, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)Madrid Spain
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)Madrid Spain
| | - Claudia Valverde
- Department of Medical OncologyVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University HospitalBarcelona Spain
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
| | - Enrique González Billalabeitia
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Medical Oncology‐Haematology DepartmentHospital Universitario Morales MeseguerMurcia Spain
| | - Vanesa Quiroga
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Medical Oncology DepartmentHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català d'Oncologia‐BadalonaBarcelona Spain
| | | | - Antonio Fernández Aramburo
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Department of OncologyComplejo Hospitalario Universitario AlbaceteAlbacete Spain
| | - Cristina López
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Medical Oncology DepartmentInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio MarañónMadrid Spain
| | - Pablo Maroto
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Medical Oncology and Biochemistry DepartmentsHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona Spain
| | - Javier Sastre
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC)Madrid Spain
| | - María José Juan Fita
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Medical OncologyFundación Instituto Valenciano de OncologíaValencia Spain
| | - Ignacio Duran
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Department of Medical OncologyInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevilla Spain
| | | | - Patricia Iranzo
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Department of Medical OncologyHospital Clinico Universitario Lozano BlesaZaragoza Spain
| | - Xavier García del Muro
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Sarcoma Multidisciplinary Unit and Medical Oncology DepartmentInstitut Català d'Oncologia Hospitalet, IDIBELLBarcelona Spain
| | - Silverio Ros
- Department of Clinical OncologyHospital Universitario Virgen ArrixacaMurcia Spain
| | - Francisco Zambrana
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Medical Oncology DepartmentHospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián De Los Reyes Spain
| | - Ana María Autran
- Spanish Germ Cell Group (SGCCG)
- Medical Urology departmentFundación Jiménez DíazMadrid Spain
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO)Madrid Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)Madrid Spain
- Human Genotyping‐CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetic Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)Madrid Spain
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92
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Penkert J, Schmidt G, Hofmann W, Schubert S, Schieck M, Auber B, Ripperger T, Hackmann K, Sturm M, Prokisch H, Hille-Betz U, Mark D, Illig T, Schlegelberger B, Steinemann D. Breast cancer patients suggestive of Li-Fraumeni syndrome: mutational spectrum, candidate genes, and unexplained heredity. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:87. [PMID: 30086788 PMCID: PMC6081832 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumor entity in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Up to 80% of individuals with a Li-Fraumeni-like phenotype do not harbor detectable causative germline TP53 variants. Yet, no systematic panel analyses for a wide range of cancer predisposition genes have been conducted on cohorts of women with breast cancer fulfilling Li-Fraumeni(-like) clinical diagnostic criteria. Methods To specifically help explain the diagnostic gap of TP53 wild-type Li-Fraumeni(-like) breast cancer cases, we performed array-based CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) and panel-based sequencing of 94 cancer predisposition genes on 83 breast cancer patients suggestive of Li-Fraumeni syndrome who had previously had negative test results for causative BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53 germline variants. Results We identified 13 pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline variants in ten patients and in nine genes, including four copy number aberrations and nine single-nucleotide variants or small indels. Three patients presented as double-mutation carriers involving two different genes each. In five patients (5 of 83; 6% of cohort), we detected causative pathogenic variants in established hereditary breast cancer susceptibility genes (i.e., PALB2, CHEK2, ATM). Five further patients (5 of 83; 6% of cohort) were found to harbor pathogenic variants in genes lacking a firm association with breast cancer susceptibility to date (i.e., Fanconi pathway genes, RECQ family genes, CDKN2A/p14ARF, and RUNX1). Conclusions Our study details the mutational spectrum in breast cancer patients suggestive of Li-Fraumeni syndrome and indicates the need for intensified research on monoallelic variants in Fanconi pathway and RECQ family genes. Notably, this study further reveals a large portion of still unexplained Li-Fraumeni(-like) cases, warranting comprehensive investigation of recently described candidate genes as well as noncoding regions of the TP53 gene in patients with Li-Fraumeni(-like) syndrome lacking TP53 variants in coding regions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1011-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Penkert
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Schmidt
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Winfried Hofmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schubert
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schieck
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Auber
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Ripperger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Hille-Betz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothea Mark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schlegelberger
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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93
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Combined effects of FH (E404D) and ACOX2 (R409H) cause metabolic defects in primary cardiac malignant tumor. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30062063 PMCID: PMC6056498 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary malignant cardiac tumors (PMCTs) are extremely rare. The apparent immunity of the heart to invasive cancer has attracted considerable interest given the continuously rising incidence of cancer in other organs. This study aims to determine the conditions that could result in cardiac carcinoma and expand our understanding of cardiac tumor occurrence. We report two cases: a male (Patient-1) with primary cardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and a female (Patient-2) with primary cardiac angiosarcoma. Merged genome-wide analyses of aCGH, Exome sequencing, and RNA-sequencing were performed on Patient-1 using peripheral blood, carcinoma tissue, and samples of adjacent normal tissue. Only whole-transcriptome analysis was carried out on Patient-2, due to insufficient quantities of sample from Patient-2. We identified a novel inherited loss of functional mutation of FH (Glu404Asp), a recurrent somatic hotspot mutation of PIK3CA (His1047Arg) and a somatic duplication in copy number of HIF1A. FH (E404D) severely compromised FH enzyme activity and lead to decreased protein expression in cardiac tumor tissues. We previously reported a functional mutation ACOX2 (R409H), which is potentially associated with decreased β-oxidation of fatty acids in the cardiac tumor tissue. Results of transcriptome analyses on two patients further revealed that the RNA expression of genes in the TCA cycle and beta-oxidation were uniformly downregulated. In this study, combined effects of FH (E404D) and ACOX2 (R409H) on metabolic switch from fatty acids to glucose were remarkably distinct, which might be an essential precondition to trigger the occurrence of PMCTs and mimic the Warburg effect, a hallmark of cancer metabolism.
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94
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Wilson TLS, Hattangady N, Lerario AM, Williams C, Koeppe E, Quinonez S, Osborne J, Cha KB, Else T. A new POT1 germline mutation-expanding the spectrum of POT1-associated cancers. Fam Cancer 2018; 16:561-566. [PMID: 28389767 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-017-9984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanomas are associated with several hereditary conditions. We present a large family with several family members affected with primary melanomas and dysplastic nevi as well as thyroid cancer and other malignant tumors. Clinical work-up did not reveal a mutation in any of the genes usually considered with evaluation for predisposition to melanoma (BRCA1/2, CDKN2A, CDK4, PTEN, TP53). Whole exome sequencing of five affected family members showed a new variant in POT1. POT1 is associated with the telomere shelterin complex that regulates telomere protection and telomerase access. Germline mutations in POT1 were recently shown to be associated with hereditary predisposition to melanoma. Our findings support a role of POT1 germline mutations in cancer predisposition beyond melanoma development, suggesting a broader phenotype of the POT1-associated tumor predisposition syndrome that might also include thyroid cancer as well as possibly other malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tremika Le-Shan Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Namita Hattangady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carmen Williams
- Division of Cancer Genetics, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Erika Koeppe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shane Quinonez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jenae Osborne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kelly B Cha
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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95
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Chadwick ML, Lane A, Thomas D, Smith AR, White AR, Davidson D, Feng Y, Boscolo E, Zheng Y, Adams DM, Gupta A, Veillette A, Chow LML. Combined mTOR and MEK inhibition is an effective therapy in a novel mouse model for angiosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24750-24765. [PMID: 29872503 PMCID: PMC5973867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of vascular origin that occurs de novo or in the context of previous cancer therapy. Despite multi-modal aggressive treatment including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation, five-year overall survival remains poor at 35%. Due to its rarity, little is known about its molecular pathology and clinical trials have been extremely difficult to conduct. Development of animal models for rare diseases like angiosarcoma is critical to improve our understanding of tumorigenesis and to test novel treatment regimens. A genetically engineered mouse model for angiosarcoma was generated by conditional deletion of Trp53, Pten, and Ptpn12 in endothelial cells. Tumors arising from these mice recapitulate the histology and molecular pathology of the human disease including hyperactivation of the PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with mTOR or MEK inhibitors effectively inactivated signaling and resulted in reduced proliferation and elevated apoptosis leading to tumor regression. The effect of treatment on tumor growth was transient and proliferation was restored after a period of dormancy. However, combined inhibition of mTOR and MEK resulted in profound tumor regression which was sustained for the duration of treatment. These results suggest that angiosarcoma may be effectively treated by this drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Chadwick
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dana Thomas
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amanda R Smith
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela R White
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Yuxin Feng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elisa Boscolo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Denise M Adams
- Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - André Veillette
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lionel M L Chow
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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96
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Primary cardiac tumors are a rare disease, which may have severe clinical consequences. Malignant tumors may be misdiagnosed as mixomas, with improper treatment. The aim of this review is to report how to make a differential diagnosis using old and modern tools, the latest trends in tumor classification and treatment, and their possible impact on prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS Papillary fibroelastomas seem to be more frequent than previously reported, and surgery is also suggested in asymptomatic patients. A genetic background has been identified for some myxomas and angiosarcomas. Malignant tumors are now classified as soft-tissue sarcomas of other organs. Immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis aid in recognizing several subtypes of sarcomas, leading to the possibility of targeted chemotherapy. The reports of single-center and multicenter experiences, collecting a large number of treated patients, analyzed the impact on prognosis of different approaches. The best results for survival and event-free survival are obtained with the multimodality approach. SUMMARY Before referring a patient with cardiac tumor to the cardiac surgeon, a presumptive diagnosis of benignity or malignancy should be obtained. Malignant tumors should be referred to a cardiac tumor team with special expertise, in order to plan the best therapeutic approach.
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97
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Abstract
Risk of melanoma is in part determined by genetic factors. Currently the only established high penetrance familial melanoma genes are CDKN2A and CDK4. Recent studies reported germline variants in POT1 in melanoma families. In the present study, we sequenced the entire POT1 gene in 694 patients from the M3-study. Patients with multiple primary melanomas (n = 163) or with a positive family history (n = 133) were classified as high-risk melanoma patients. Additionally, 200 single primary melanoma patients and 198 non-melanoma controls were sequenced. For prediction analysis 10 different tools were used. In total 53 different variants were found, of which 8 were detected in high-risk melanoma patients, only. Two out of these 8 variants were located in exons and were non-synonymous: g.124510982 G>A (p.R80C) and g.124491977 T>G (p.N300H). While g.124491977 T>G was predicted to be neutral, 80% of the prediction tools classified g.124510982 G>A as deleterious. The variant, g.124467236 T>C, which possibly causes a change in the splice site was identified in a case with a positive family history in the present study. Another variant in the 5-UTR, g.124537261 A>G, was found in 2 high-risk patients. So, in conclusion, melanoma associated POT1 germline variants seem to be rare. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of POT1 for genetic counseling.
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98
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Abstract
Studies of rare and common illnesses have led to remarkable progress in the understanding of the role of telomeres (nucleoprotein complexes at chromosome ends essential for chromosomal integrity) in human disease. Telomere biology disorders encompass a growing spectrum of conditions caused by rare pathogenic germline variants in genes encoding essential aspects of telomere function. Dyskeratosis congenita, a disorder at the severe end of this spectrum, typically presents in childhood with the classic triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy, and oral leukoplakia, accompanied by a very high risk of bone marrow failure, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and other medical problems. In contrast, the less severe end of the telomere biology disorder spectrum consists of middle-age or older adults with just one feature typically seen in dyskeratosis congenita, such as pulmonary fibrosis or bone marrow failure. In the common disease realm, large-scale molecular epidemiology studies have discovered novel associations between illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease, and mental health, and both telomere length and common genetic variants in telomere biology genes. This review highlights recent findings of telomere biology in human disease from both the rare and common disease perspectives. Multi-disciplinary collaborations between clinicians, basic scientists, and epidemiologist are essential as we seek to incorporate new telomere biology discoveries to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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99
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Telomeres: Implications for Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010294. [PMID: 29351238 PMCID: PMC5796239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres facilitate the protection of natural ends of chromosomes from constitutive exposure to the DNA damage response (DDR). This is most likely achieved by a lariat structure that hides the linear telomeric DNA through protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The telomere shortening associated with DNA replication in the absence of a compensatory mechanism culminates in unmasked telomeres. Then, the subsequent activation of the DDR will define the fate of cells according to the functionality of cell cycle checkpoints. Dysfunctional telomeres can suppress cancer development by engaging replicative senescence or apoptotic pathways, but they can also promote tumour initiation. Studies in telomere dynamics and karyotype analysis underpin telomere crisis as a key event driving genomic instability. Significant attainment of telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)-pathway to maintain telomere length may be permissive and required for clonal evolution of genomically-unstable cells during progression to malignancy. We summarise current knowledge of the role of telomeres in the maintenance of chromosomal stability and carcinogenesis.
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100
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Bejarano L, Schuhmacher AJ, Méndez M, Megías D, Blanco-Aparicio C, Martínez S, Pastor J, Squatrito M, Blasco MA. Inhibition of TRF1 Telomere Protein Impairs Tumor Initiation and Progression in Glioblastoma Mouse Models and Patient-Derived Xenografts. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:590-607.e4. [PMID: 29136505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly and common brain tumor. Poor prognosis is linked to high proliferation and cell heterogeneity, including glioma stem cells (GSCs). Telomere genes are frequently mutated. The telomere binding protein TRF1 is essential for telomere protection, and for adult and pluripotent stem cells. Here, we find TRF1 upregulation in mouse and human GBM. Brain-specific Trf1 genetic deletion in GBM mouse models inhibited GBM initiation and progression, increasing survival. Trf1 deletion increased telomeric DNA damage and reduced proliferation and stemness. TRF1 chemical inhibitors mimicked these effects in human GBM cells and also blocked tumor sphere formation and tumor growth in xenografts from patient-derived primary GSCs. Thus, targeting telomeres throughout TRF1 inhibition is an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Bejarano
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Seve-Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marinela Méndez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029 Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joaquín Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Seve-Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Cancer Cell Biology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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