51
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Valverde P, Martínez JD, Cañada FJ, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Molecular Recognition in C-Type Lectins: The Cases of DC-SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L-Sectin. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2999-3025. [PMID: 32426893 PMCID: PMC7276794 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross‐talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll‐like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C‐type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Daniel Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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52
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Zhang T, van Die I, Tefsen B, van Vliet SJ, Laan LC, Zhang J, Ten Dijke P, Wuhrer M, Belo AI. Differential O- and Glycosphingolipid Glycosylation in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells With Opposite Morphology and Metastatic Behavior. Front Oncol 2020; 10:732. [PMID: 32582529 PMCID: PMC7280451 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the glycosylation profile of cancer cells have been strongly associated with cancer progression. To increase our insights into the role of glycosylation in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we performed a study on O-glycans and glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans of the PDAC cell lines Pa-Tu-8988T (PaTu-T) and Pa-Tu-8988S (PaTu-S). These cell lines are derived from the same patient, but show an almost opposite phenotype, morphology and capacity to metastasize, and may thus provide an attractive model to study the role of glycosylation in progression of PDAC. Gene-array analysis revealed that 24% of the glycosylation-related genes showed a ≥ 1.5-fold difference in expression level between the two cell lines. Subsequent validation of the data by porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem ion trap mass spectrometry and flow cytometry established major differences in O-glycans and GSL-glycans between the cell lines, including lower levels of T and sialylated Tn (sTn) antigens, neoexpression of globosides (Gb3 and Gb4), and higher levels of gangliosides in the mesenchymal-like PaTu-T cells compared to the epithelial-like PaTu-S. In addition, PaTu-S cells demonstrated a significantly higher binding of the immune-lectins macrophage galactose-type lectin and galectin-4 compared to PaTu-T. In summary, our data provide a comprehensive and differential glycan profile of two PDAC cell lines with disparate phenotypes and metastatic behavior. This will allow approaches to modulate and monitor the glycosylation of these PDAC cell lines, which opens up avenues to study the biology and metastatic behavior of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boris Tefsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa C Laan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ana I Belo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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53
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Zaal A, Li RJE, Lübbers J, Bruijns SCM, Kalay H, van Kooyk Y, van Vliet SJ. Activation of the C-Type Lectin MGL by Terminal GalNAc Ligands Reduces the Glycolytic Activity of Human Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:305. [PMID: 32161592 PMCID: PMC7053379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tumors display alterations in the biosynthetic pathways of glycosylation, resulting in increased expression of specific tumor-associated glycan structures. Expression of these altered glycan structures is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Antigen presenting cells can recognize tumor-associated glycan structures, including the truncated O-glycan Tn antigen, via specific glycan receptors. Tn antigen-mediated activation of the C-type lectin MGL on dendritic cells induces regulatory T cells via the enhanced secretion of IL-10. Although these findings indicate that MGL engagement by glycan ligands can modulate immune responses, the impact of MGL ligation on dendritic cells is still not completely understood. Therefore, we employed RNA sequencing, GO term enrichment and pathway analysis on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells stimulated with two different MGL glycan ligands. Our analyses revealed a reduced expression of genes coding for key enzymes involved in the glycolysis pathway, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. In concordance with this, extracellular flux analysis confirmed the decrease in glycolytic activity upon MGL triggering in human dendritic cells. To our knowledge, we are the first to report a diminished glycolytic activity of human dendritic cells upon C-type lectin stimulation. Overall, our findings highlight the impact of tumor-associated glycans on dendritic cell biology and metabolism and will increase our understanding on how glycans can shape immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Zaal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R J Eveline Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Lübbers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven C M Bruijns
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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54
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Glioblastomas exploit truncated O -linked glycans for local and distant immune modulation via the macrophage galactose-type lectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3693-3703. [PMID: 32019882 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907921117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain malignancy, for which immunotherapy has failed to prolong survival. Glioblastoma-associated immune infiltrates are dominated by tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs), which are key mediators of immune suppression and resistance to immunotherapy. We and others demonstrated aberrant expression of glycans in different cancer types. These tumor-associated glycans trigger inhibitory signaling in TAMs through glycan-binding receptors. We investigated the glioblastoma glycocalyx as a tumor-intrinsic immune suppressor. We detected increased expression of both tumor-associated truncated O-linked glycans and their receptor, macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), on CD163+ TAMs in glioblastoma patient-derived tumor tissues. In an immunocompetent orthotopic glioma mouse model overexpressing truncated O-linked glycans (MGL ligands), high-dimensional mass cytometry revealed a wide heterogeneity of infiltrating myeloid cells with increased infiltration of PD-L1+ TAMs as well as distant alterations in the bone marrow (BM). Our results demonstrate that glioblastomas exploit cell surface O-linked glycans for local and distant immune modulation.
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55
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Pirro M, Rombouts Y, Stella A, Neyrolles O, Burlet-Schiltz O, van Vliet SJ, de Ru AH, Mohammed Y, Wuhrer M, van Veelen PA, Hensbergen PJ. Characterization of Macrophage Galactose-type Lectin (MGL) ligands in colorectal cancer cell lines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129513. [PMID: 31911241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ca2+-dependent C-type lectin receptor Macrophage Galactose-type Lectin (MGL) is highly expressed by tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. MGL exhibits a high binding specificity for terminal alpha- and beta-linked GalNAc residues found in Tn, sTn and LacdiNAc antigens. These glycan epitopes are often overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and, as such, MGL can be used to discriminate tumor from the corresponding healthy tissues. Moreover, the high expression of MGL ligands is associated with poor disease-free survival in stage III of CRC tumors. Nonetheless, the glycoproteins expressed by tumor cells that are recognized by MGL have hitherto remained elusive. METHODS Using a panel of three CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT29 and LS174T), recapitulating CRC diversity, we performed FACS staining and pull-down assays using a recombinant soluble form of MGL (and a mutant MGL as control) combined with mass spectrometry-based (glyco)proteomics. RESULTS HCT116 and HT29, but not LS174T, are high MGL-binding CRC cell lines. On these cells, the major cell surface binding proteins are receptors (e.g. MET, PTK7, SORL1, PTPRF) and integrins (ITGB1, ITGA3). From these proteins, several N- and/or O-glycopeptides were identified, of which some carried either a LacdiNAc or Tn epitope. CONCLUSIONS We have identified cell surface MGL-ligands on CRC cell lines. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Advances in (glyco)proteomics have led to identification of candidate key mediators of immune-evasion and tumor growth in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pirro
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Stella
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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56
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Scott E, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. Tumour associated glycans: A route to boost immunotherapy? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:167-173. [PMID: 31870793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the development of immunotherapies for cancer treatment offer significant promise across several cancers, still only a small subset of patients respond to immune based monotherapies. As such, attention has turned to the development of combination therapies. These use conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy to sensitise tumours to immunotherapy. Here, we summarise key research, highlighting the exciting potential of tumour associated glycans as therapeutic targets to sensitise tumours to immunotherapy. When cells undergo carcinogenesis they reprogram their glyco-code. Several cancer associated glycans have been identified, and therapies targeting them are under development. Proteins containing carbohydrate binding domains (lectins) are expressed by many immune cell subtypes, and upon glycan binding, transduce immune modulatory signals that regulate the tumour immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - David J Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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57
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Diniz A, Coelho H, Dias JS, Vliet SJ, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Corzana F, Cabrita EJ, Marcelo F. The Plasticity of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain Dictates the Exquisite Mechanism of Binding of Human Macrophage Galactose‐Type Lectin. Chemistry 2019; 25:13945-13955. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
- CIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A 48170 Derio Spain
- Departament of Organic Chemistry IIFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940 Bizkaia Spain
| | - Jorge S. Dias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Sandra J. Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection and Immunity InstituteAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 1007MB Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A 48170 Derio Spain
- Departament of Organic Chemistry IIFaculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940 Bizkaia Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science Maria Diaz de Haro 13 48009 Bilbao Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de QuímicaCentro de Investigación en Síntesis QuímicaUniversidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Eurico J. Cabrita
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTEDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
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58
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Mnich ME, van Dalen R, Gerlach D, Hendriks A, Xia G, Peschel A, van Strijp JAG, van Sorge NM. The C-type lectin receptor MGL senses N-acetylgalactosamine on the unique Staphylococcus aureus ST395 wall teichoic acid. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13072. [PMID: 31219660 PMCID: PMC6771913 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common skin commensal but is also associated with various skin and soft tissue pathologies. Upon invasion, S. aureus is detected by resident innate immune cells through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), although a comprehensive understanding of the specific molecular interactions is lacking. Recently, we demonstrated that the PRR langerin (CD207) on epidermal Langerhans cells senses the conserved β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) modification on S. aureus wall teichoic acid (WTA), thereby increasing skin inflammation. Interestingly, the S. aureus ST395 lineage as well as certain species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) produce a structurally different WTA molecule, consisting of poly-glycerolphosphate with α-O-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues, which are attached by the glycosyltransferase TagN. Here, we demonstrate that S. aureus ST395 strains interact with the human Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL; CD301) receptor, which is expressed by dendritic cells and macrophages in the dermis. MGL bound S. aureus ST395 in a tagN- and GalNAc-dependent manner but did not interact with different tagN-positive CoNS species. However, heterologous expression of Staphylococcus lugdunensis tagN in S. aureus conferred phage infection and MGL binding, confirming the role of this CoNS enzyme as GalNAc-transferase. Functionally, the detection of GalNAc on S. aureus ST395 WTA by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells significantly enhanced cytokine production. Together, our findings highlight differential recognition of S. aureus glycoprofiles by specific human innate receptors, which may affect downstream adaptive immune responses and pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata E Mnich
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Glaxo-Smith Kline, Siena, Italy
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Gerlach
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Hendriks
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Glaxo-Smith Kline, Siena, Italy
| | - Guoqing Xia
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jos A G van Strijp
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina M van Sorge
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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59
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Mereiter S, Balmaña M, Campos D, Gomes J, Reis CA. Glycosylation in the Era of Cancer-Targeted Therapy: Where Are We Heading? Cancer Cell 2019; 36:6-16. [PMID: 31287993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides insights on the impact of glycosylation in cancer biology and its influence in the current approaches of targeted cancer therapies in the clinical setting. The roles of glycosylation in cancer signaling, tumor progression, and metastasis are reviewed as well as glycans and glycan-binding proteins in tumor immunomodulation. Moreover, the latest reports on glycans influencing targeted therapeutic approaches in cancer are summarized. Finally, we discuss the future challenges of the field, outlining potential applications of glycan-based biomarkers for patient stratification and strategies for improving personalized cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mereiter
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meritxell Balmaña
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gomes
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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60
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Ilarregui JM, Kooij G, Rodríguez E, van der Pol SMA, Koning N, Kalay H, van der Horst JC, van Vliet SJ, García-Vallejo JJ, de Vries HE, van Kooyk Y. Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) is induced on M2 microglia and participates in the resolution phase of autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:130. [PMID: 31248427 PMCID: PMC6598247 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves a misdirected immune attack against myelin in the brain and spinal cord, leading to profound neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. While the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis have been widely studied, the suppression mechanisms that lead to the resolution of the autoimmune response are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), usually expressed on tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as a negative regulator of autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation. METHODS We used in silico, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry analysis to explore the expression and functionality of MGL in human macrophages and microglia, as well as in MS post-mortem tissue. In vitro, we studied the capacity of MGL to mediate apoptosis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-derived T cells and mouse CD4+ T cells. Finally, we evaluated in vivo and ex vivo the immunomodulatory potential of MGL in EAE. RESULTS MGL plays a critical role in the resolution phase of EAE as MGL1-deficient (Clec10a-/-) mice showed a similar day of onset but experienced a higher clinical score to that of WT littermates. We demonstrate that the mouse ortholog MGL1 induces apoptosis of autoreactive T cells and diminishes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory autoantibodies. Moreover, we show that MGL1 but not MGL2 induces apoptosis of activated mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro. In human settings, we show that MGL expression is increased in active MS lesions and on alternatively activated microglia and macrophages which, in turn, induces the secretion of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10, underscoring the clinical relevance of this lectin. CONCLUSIONS Our results show a new role of MGL-expressing APCs as an anti-inflammatory mechanism in autoimmune neuroinflammation by dampening pathogenic T and B cell responses, uncovering a novel clue for neuroprotective therapeutic strategies with relevance for in MS clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Ilarregui
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VUmc MS Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, O
- 2 building, room 11 E 41, PO Box 7057, Amsterdam, 1007MB, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
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Gu C, Wang L, Zurawski S, Oh S. Signaling Cascade through DC-ASGPR Induces Transcriptionally Active CREB for IL-10 Induction and Immune Regulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:389-399. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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62
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Meng H, Warden A, Zhang L, Zhang T, Li Y, Tan Z, Wang B, Li H, Jiang H, Shen G, Hong Y, Ding X. A Mass-Ratiometry-Based CD45 Barcoding Method for Mass Cytometry Detection. SLAS Technol 2019; 24:408-419. [PMID: 30856358 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319834057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (CyTOF) is a critical cell profiling tool in acquiring multiparameter proteome data at the single-cell level. A major challenge in CyTOF analysis is sample-to-sample variance arising from the pipetting process, staining variation, and instrument sensitivity. To reduce such variations, cell barcoding strategies that enable the combination of individual samples prior to antibody staining and data acquisition on CyTOF are often utilized. The most prevalent barcoding strategy is based on a binary scheme that cross-examines the existence or nonexistence of certain mass signals; however, it is limited by low barcoding efficiency and high cost, especially for large sample size. Herein, we present a novel barcoding method for CyTOF application based on mass ratiometry. Different mass tags with specific fixed ratios are used to label CD45 antibody to achieve sample barcoding. The presented method exponentially increases the number of possible barcoded samples with the same amount of mass tags compared with conventional methods. It also reduces the overall time for the labeling process to 40 min and avoids the need for expensive commercial barcoding buffer reagents. Moreover, unlike the conventional barcoding process, this strategy does not pre-permeabilize cells before the barcoding procedure, which offers additional benefits in preserving surface biomarker signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongu Meng
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Antony Warden
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Li
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Tan
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqian Wang
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxia Shen
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Hong
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianting Ding
- 1 Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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63
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Sahasrabudhe NM, van der Horst JC, Spaans V, Kenter G, de Kroon C, Bosse T, van Vliet SJ, Jordanova ES. MGL Ligand Expression Is Correlated to Lower Survival and Distant Metastasis in Cervical Squamous Cell and Adenosquamous Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30761272 PMCID: PMC6361794 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer type in women worldwide and is characterized by a highly immune-suppressive microenvironment. Here, we describe aberrant glycosylation as a factor mediating this immunosuppressive microenvironment. Expression of a specific carbohydrate ligand for the immune-regulatory C-type lectin MGL was correlated to poor disease-specific survival and distant recurrences in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), the most common histological subtypes of cervical cancer. MGL ligand expression was also associated with lymph node metastasis, the absence of CD14+ myeloid cells and the presence of CD14-CD163+ myeloid cells. Indeed, expression of the MGL receptor itself could be detected on CD163+ cells, suggesting that MGL+ myeloid cells are able to interact locally with MGL ligand+ tumor cells. Additionally, MGL ligand expression correlated to the occurrence of PIK3CA mutations, the most frequently observed oncogenic alteration in cervical cancer. In conclusion, we present prognostic value for MGL ligand expression in SCC/ASC patients, which further supports an immune evasive role for the C-type lectin MGL in the tumor immune compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M. Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost C. van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vivian Spaans
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gemma Kenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cor de Kroon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tjalling Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S. Jordanova
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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64
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Pirro M, Schoof E, van Vliet SJ, Rombouts Y, Stella A, de Ru A, Mohammed Y, Wuhrer M, van Veelen PA, Hensbergen PJ. Glycoproteomic Analysis of MGL-Binding Proteins on Acute T-Cell Leukemia Cells. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1125-1132. [PMID: 30582698 PMCID: PMC6399673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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C-type lectins are
a diverse group of proteins involved in many
human physiological and pathological processes. Most C-type lectins
are glycan-binding proteins, some of which are pivotal for innate
immune responses against pathogens. Other C-type lectins, such as
the macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), have been shown to induce
immunosuppressive responses upon the recognition of aberrant glycosylation
on cancer cells. MGL is known to recognize terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), such as the Tn antigen, which is commonly
found on malignant cells. Even though this glycan specificity of MGL
is well described, there is a lack of understanding of the actual
glycoproteins that bind MGL. We present a glycoproteomic workflow
for the identification of MGL-binding proteins, which we applied to
study MGL ligands on the human Jurkat leukemia cell line. In addition
to the known MGL ligands and Tn antigen-carrying proteins CD43 and
CD45 on these cells, we have identified a set of novel cell-surface
ligands for MGL. Importantly, for several of these, O-glycosylation
has hitherto not been described. Altogether, our data provide new
insight into the identification and structure of novel MGL ligands
that presumably act as modulatory molecules in cancer immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pirro
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Schoof
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1007 MB Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse 31062 , France
| | - Alexandre Stella
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse 31062 , France
| | - Arnoud de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Yassene Mohammed
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Hensbergen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics , Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden , The Netherlands
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65
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Marcelo F, Supekar N, Corzana F, van der Horst JC, Vuist IM, Live D, Boons GJPH, Smith DF, van Vliet SJ. Identification of a secondary binding site in human macrophage galactose-type lectin by microarray studies: Implications for the molecular recognition of its ligands. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1300-1311. [PMID: 30504228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) is a C-type lectin characterized by a unique specificity for terminal GalNAc residues present in the tumor-associated Tn antigen (αGalNAc-Ser/Thr) and its sialylated form, the sialyl-Tn antigen. However, human MGL has multiple splice variants, and whether these variants have distinct ligand-binding properties is unknown. Here, using glycan microarrays, we compared the binding properties of the short MGL 6C (MGLshort) and the long MGL 6B (MGLlong) splice variants, as well as of a histidine-to-threonine mutant (MGLshort H259T). Although the MGLshort and MGLlong variants displayed similar binding properties on the glycan array, the MGLshort H259T mutant failed to interact with the sialyl-Tn epitope. As the MGLshort H259T variant could still bind a single GalNAc monosaccharide on this array, we next investigated its binding characteristics to Tn-containing glycopeptides derived from the MGL ligands mucin 1 (MUC1), MUC2, and CD45. Strikingly, in the glycopeptide microarray, the MGLshort H259T variant lost high-affinity binding toward Tn-containing glycopeptides, especially at low probing concentrations. Moreover, MGLshort H259T was unable to recognize cancer-associated Tn epitopes on tumor cell lines. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that in WT MGLshort, His259 mediates H bonds directly or engages the Tn-glycopeptide backbone through water molecules. These bonds were lost in MGLshort H259T, thus explaining its lower binding affinity. Together, our results suggest that MGL not only connects to the Tn carbohydrate epitope, but also engages the underlying peptide via a secondary binding pocket within the MGL carbohydrate recognition domain containing the His259 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Marcelo
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nitin Supekar
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona M Vuist
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Live
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Geert-Jan P H Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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66
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Pereira MS, Alves I, Vicente M, Campar A, Silva MC, Padrão NA, Pinto V, Fernandes Â, Dias AM, Pinho SS. Glycans as Key Checkpoints of T Cell Activity and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2754. [PMID: 30538706 PMCID: PMC6277680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is highly controlled and fine-tuned by glycosylation, through the addition of a diversity of carbohydrates structures (glycans) to virtually all immune cell receptors. Despite a relative backlog in understanding the importance of glycans in the immune system, due to its inherent complexity, remarkable findings have been highlighting the essential contributions of glycosylation in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses with important implications in the pathogenesis of major diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. Glycans are implicated in fundamental cellular and molecular processes that regulate both stimulatory and inhibitory immune pathways. Besides being actively involved in pathogen recognition through interaction with glycan-binding proteins (such as C-type lectins), glycans have been also shown to regulate key pathophysiological steps within T cell biology such as T cell development and thymocyte selection; T cell activity and signaling as well as T cell differentiation and proliferation. These effects of glycans in T cells functions highlight their importance as determinants of either self-tolerance or T cell hyper-responsiveness which ultimately might be implicated in the creation of tolerogenic pathways in cancer or loss of immunological tolerance in autoimmunity. This review discusses how specific glycans (with a focus on N-linked glycans) act as regulators of T cell biology and their implications in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Pereira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Alves
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Vicente
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Campar
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto Porto, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar do Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana C Silva
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Padrão
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanda Pinto
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Dias
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S) Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
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67
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Sletmoen M, Gerken TA, Stokke BT, Burchell J, Brewer CF. Tn and STn are members of a family of carbohydrate tumor antigens that possess carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions. Glycobiology 2018; 28:437-442. [PMID: 29618060 PMCID: PMC6001880 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucin-type O-glycome in cancer aberrantly expresses the truncated glycans Tn (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr) and STn (Neu5Acα2,6GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr). However, the role of Tn and STn in cancer and other diseases is not well understood. Our recent discovery of the self-binding properties (carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, CCIs) of Tn (Tn-Tn) and STn (STn-STn) provides a model for their possible roles in cellular transformation. We also review evidence that Tn and STn are members of a larger family of glycan tumor antigens that possess CCIs, which may participate in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, W. A. Bernbaum Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bjørn T Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joy Burchell
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Fred Brewer
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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68
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Sahasrabudhe NM, Lenos K, van der Horst JC, Rodríguez E, van Vliet SJ. Oncogenic BRAFV600E drives expression of MGL ligands in the colorectal cancer cell line HT29 through N-acetylgalactosamine-transferase 3. Biol Chem 2018; 399:649-659. [PMID: 29894293 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer type worldwide. It is characterized by a high expression of aberrantly glycosylated ligands, such as the Tn antigen (GalNAcα1-Ser/Thr), which is a major ligand for the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL). We have previously determined that a high level of MGL ligands in colorectal tumors is associated with lower disease-free survival in patients with late stage disease, which we could attribute to the presence of oncogenic BRAFV600E mutations. Here we aimed to elucidate the downstream pathway of BRAFV600E governing high MGL ligand and Tn antigen expression. We focused on glycosylation-related enzymes involved in the synthesis or elongation of Tn antigen, N-acetylgalactosamine-transferases (GALNTs) and C1GalT1/COSMC, respectively. Both the activity and expression of C1GalT1 and COSMC were unrelated to the BRAF mutational status. In contrast, GALNT3, GALNT7 and GALNT12 were increased in colorectal cancer cells harboring the BRAFV600E mutation. Through CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockouts we could establish that GALNT3 increased MGL ligand synthesis in the HT29 cell line, while GALNT7 and GALNT12 appeared to have redundant roles. Together our results highlight a novel mechanistic pathway connecting BRAFV600E to aberrant glycosylation in colorectal cancer through GALNT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan Lenos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C van der Horst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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69
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O-linked mucin-type glycosylation in breast cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:779-788. [PMID: 29903935 PMCID: PMC6103458 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Changes in mucin-type O-linked glycosylation are seen in over 90% of breast cancers where increased sialylation is often observed and a change from branched glycans to linear glycans is often seen. There are many mechanisms involved including increased/altered expression of glycosyltransferases and relocalisation to the endoplasmic reticulum of the enzymes responsible for the addition of the first sugar, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine. It is now becoming clear that these changes can contribute to tumour growth and progression by modulating the micro-environment through glycan-sensing lectins expressed on immune cells, by modulating interactions with tumour surface receptors and by binding to selectins. The understanding of how changes in mucin-type O-linked glycosylation influence tumour growth and progression reveals new potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of breast cancer.
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70
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Eggink LL, Roby KF, Cote R, Kenneth Hoober J. An innovative immunotherapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer: CLEC10A and glycomimetic peptides. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:28. [PMID: 29665849 PMCID: PMC5905120 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptors specific for the sugar N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) include the human type II, C-type lectin receptor macrophage galactose-type lectin/C-type lectin receptor family member 10A (MGL/CLEC10A/CD301) that is expressed prominently by human peripheral immature dendritic cells, dendritic cells in the skin, alternatively-activated (M2a) macrophages, and to lesser extents by several other types of tissues. CLEC10A is an endocytic receptor on antigen-presenting cells and has been proposed to play an important role in maturation of dendritic cells and initiation of an immune response. In this study, we asked whether a peptide that binds in the GalNAc-binding site of CLEC10A would serve as an effective tool to activate an immune response against ovarian cancer. METHODS A 12-mer sequence emerged from a screen of a phage display library with a GalNAc-specific lectin. The peptide, designated svL4, and a shorter peptide consisting of the C-terminal 6 amino acids, designated sv6D, were synthesized as tetravalent structures based on a tri-lysine core. In silico and in vitro binding assays were developed to evaluate binding of the peptides to GalNAc-specific receptors. Endotoxin-negative peptide solutions were administered by subcutaneous injection and biological activity of the peptides was determined by secretion of cytokines and the response of peritoneal immune cells in mice. Anti-cancer activity was studied in a murine model of ovarian cancer. RESULTS The peptides bound to recombinant human CLEC10A with high avidity, with half-maximal binding in the low nanomolar range. Binding to the receptor was Ca2+-dependent. Subcutaneous injection of low doses of peptides into mice on alternate days resulted in several-fold expansion of populations of mature immune cells within the peritoneal cavity. Peptide sv6D effectively suppressed development of ascites in a murine ovarian cancer model as a monotherapy and in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel or the immunotherapeutic antibody against the receptor PD-1. Toxicity, including antigenicity and release of cytotoxic levels of cytokines, was not observed. CONCLUSION sv6D is a functional ligand for CLEC10A and induces maturation of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity. The peptide caused a highly significant extension of survival of mice with implanted ovarian cancer cells with a favorable toxicity and non-antigenic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Eggink
- Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | | | - Robert Cote
- Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - J Kenneth Hoober
- Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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71
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Abstract
Tumour growth is accompanied by tumour evasion of the immune system, a process that is facilitated by immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). However, the role of tumour glycosylation in immune evasion has mostly been overlooked, despite the fact that aberrant tumour glycosylation alters how the immune system perceives the tumour and can also induce immunosuppressive signalling through glycan-binding receptors. As such, specific glycan signatures found on tumour cells can be considered as a novel type of immune checkpoint. In parallel, glycosylation of tumour proteins generates neo-antigens that can serve as targets for tumour-specific T cells. In this Opinion article, we highlight how the tumour 'glyco-code' modifies immunity and suggest that targeting glycans could offer new therapeutic opportunities.
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72
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CD45 in human physiology and clinical medicine. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:22-32. [PMID: 29366662 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CD45 is an evolutionary highly conserved receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase exclusively expressed on all nucleated cells of the hematopoietic system. It is characterized by the expression of several isoforms, specific to a certain cell type and the developmental or activation status of the cell. CD45 is one of the key players in the initiation of T cell receptor signaling by controlling the activation of the Src family protein-tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn. CD45 deficiency results in T- and B-lymphocyte dysfunction in the form of severe combined immune deficiency. It also plays a significant role in autoimmune diseases and cancer as well as in infectious diseases including fungal infections. The knowledge collected on CD45 biology is rather vast, but it remains unclear whether all findings in rodent immune cells also apply to human CD45. This review focuses on human CD45 expression and function and provides an overview on its ligands and role in human pathology.
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73
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van Dinther D, Stolk DA, van de Ven R, van Kooyk Y, de Gruijl TD, den Haan JMM. Targeting C-type lectin receptors: a high-carbohydrate diet for dendritic cells to improve cancer vaccines. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1017-1034. [PMID: 28729358 PMCID: PMC5597514 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5mr0217-059rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing understanding of why certain patients do or do not respond to checkpoint inhibition therapy. This opens new opportunities to reconsider and redevelop vaccine strategies to prime an anticancer immune response. Combination of such vaccines with checkpoint inhibitors will both provide the fuel and release the brake for an efficient anticancer response. Here, we discuss vaccine strategies that use C-type lectin receptor (CLR) targeting of APCs, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. APCs are a necessity for the priming of antigen-specific cytotoxic and helper T cells. Because CLRs are natural carbohydrate-recognition receptors highly expressed by multiple subsets of APCs and involved in uptake and processing of Ags for presentation, these receptors seem particularly interesting for targeting purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieke van Dinther
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Dorian A Stolk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
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74
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Gibadullin R, Farnsworth DW, Barchi JJ, Gildersleeve JC. GalNAc-Tyrosine Is a Ligand of Plant Lectins, Antibodies, and Human and Murine Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectins. ACS Chem Biol 2017. [PMID: 28644609 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In 2011, a new type of protein O-glycosylation was discovered in which N-acetylgalactosamine is attached to the side chain of tyrosine (GalNAc-Tyr). While present on dozens of proteins, the biological roles of GalNAc-Tyr are unknown. To gain insight into this new type of modification, we synthesized a group of GalNAc-Tyr glycopeptides, constructed microarrays, and evaluated potential recognition of GalNAc-Tyr by a series of glycan-binding proteins. Through a series of >150 microarray experiments, we assessed binding properties of a variety of plant lectins, monoclonal antibodies, and endogenous lectins. VVL, HPA, and SBA were all found to bind tightly to GalNAc-Tyr, and several Tn binding antibodies and blood group A antibodies were found to cross-react with GalNAc-Tyr. Thus, detection of GalNAc-Tyr modified proteins is an important consideration when analyzing results from these reagents. Additionally, we evaluated potential recognition by two mammalian lectins, human (hMGL) and murine (mMGL-2) macrophage galactose type C-type lectins. Both hMGL and mMGL-2 bound tightly to GalNAc-Tyr determinants. The apparent Kd values (∼1-40 nM) were on par with some of the best known ligands for MGL, such as the Tn antigen. hMGL also bound the natural beta-amyloid peptide containing a GalNAc-Tyr epitope. STD NMR experiments provided structural insights into the molecular basis of recognition. Finally, GalNAc-Tyr was selectively captured by mMGL-2 positive dendritic cells. These results provide the first evidence that GalNAc-Tyr modified proteins and/or peptides may be ligands for hMGL and mMGL-2 and offer unique structures for the design of MGL targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Gibadullin
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David Wayne Farnsworth
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joseph J. Barchi
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 376 Boyles St., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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75
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Zischke J, Mamareli P, Pokoyski C, Gabaev I, Buyny S, Jacobs R, Falk CS, Lochner M, Sparwasser T, Schulz TF, Kay-Fedorov PC. The human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein pUL11 acts via CD45 to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. PLoS Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28628650 PMCID: PMC5491327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen, infection with which can cause severe disease for immunocompromised individuals. The complex changes wrought on the host's immune system during both productive and latent HCMV infection are well known. Infected cells are masked and manipulated and uninfected immune cells are also affected; peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation is reduced and cytokine profiles altered. Levels increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which may be important for the establishment of HCMV infections and is required for the development of high viral titres by murine cytomegalovirus. The mechanisms by which HCMV affects T cell IL-10 secretion are not understood. We show here that treatment of PBMC with purified pUL11 induces IL-10 producing T cells as a result of pUL11 binding to the CD45 phosphatase on T cells. IL-10 production induced by HCMV infection is also in part mediated by pUL11. Supernatants from pUL11 treated cells have anti-inflammatory effects on untreated PBMC. Considering the mechanism, CD45 can be a positive or negative regulator of TCR signalling, depending on its expression level, and we show that pUL11 also has concentration dependent activating or inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation and on the kinase function of the CD45 substrate Lck. pUL11 is therefore the first example of a viral protein that can target CD45 to induce T cells with anti-inflammatory properties. It is also the first HCMV protein shown to induce T cell IL-10 secretion. Understanding the mechanisms by which pUL11-induced changes in signal strength influence T cell development and function may provide the basis for the development of novel antiviral treatments and therapies against immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Zischke
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Panagiota Mamareli
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Pokoyski
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ildar Gabaev
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Buyny
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Lochner
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
| | - Penelope C. Kay-Fedorov
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF, TTU-IICH), Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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76
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Tanaka J, Gleinich AS, Zhang Q, Whitfield R, Kempe K, Haddleton DM, Davis TP, Perrier S, Mitchell DA, Wilson P. Specific and Differential Binding of N-Acetylgalactosamine Glycopolymers to the Human Macrophage Galactose Lectin and Asialoglycoprotein Receptor. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1624-1633. [PMID: 28418238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A range of glycopolymers composed of N-acetylgalactosamine were prepared via sequential Cu(I)-mediated polymerization and alkyne-azide click (CuAAC). The resulting polymers were shown, via multichannel surface plasmon resonance, to interact specifically with human macrophage galactose lectin (MGL; CD301) with high affinity (KD = 1.11 μM), but they did not bind to the mannose/fucose-selective human lectin dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN; CD209). The effect of sugar ligand valency on the binding (so-called "glycoside cluster effect") of poly(N-acetylgalactosamine) to MGL was investigated by varying first the polymer chain length (DP: 100, 64, 40, 23, 12) and then the architecture (4- and 8-arm star glycopolymers). The chain length did not have a significant effect on the binding to MGL (KD = 0.17-0.52 μM); however, when compared to a hepatic C-type lectin of a similar monosaccharide specificity, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), the binding affinity was more noticeably affected (KD = 0.37- 6.65 μM). These data suggest that known differences in the specific configuration/orientation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of MGL and ASGPR are responsible for the differences in binding observed between the different polymers of varied chain length and architecture. In the future, this model has the potential to be employed for the development of tissue-selective delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Tanaka
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Anne S Gleinich
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - David M Haddleton
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
| | - Daniel A Mitchell
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick , CV2 2DX Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilson
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick , Library Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3152, Australia
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77
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Mannose receptor induces T-cell tolerance via inhibition of CD45 and up-regulation of CTLA-4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10649-54. [PMID: 27601670 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605885113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor (MR) is an endocytic receptor involved in serum homeostasis and antigen presentation. Here, we identify the MR as a direct regulator of CD8(+) T-cell activity. We demonstrate that MR expression on dendritic cells (DCs) impaired T-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. This regulatory effect of the MR was mediated by a direct interaction with CD45 on the T cell, inhibiting its phosphatase activity, which resulted in up-regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the induction of T-cell tolerance. Inhibition of CD45 prevented expression of B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), a transcriptional inhibitor that directly bound the CTLA-4 promoter and regulated its activity. These data demonstrate that endocytic receptors expressed on DCs contribute to the regulation of T-cell functionality.
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78
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Corbo C, Parodi A, Evangelopoulos M, Engler DA, Matsunami RK, Engler AC, Molinaro R, Scaria S, Salvatore F, Tasciotti E. Proteomic Profiling of a Biomimetic Drug Delivery Platform. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 16:1540-7. [PMID: 25382209 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141109211413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Current delivery platforms are typically designed for prolonged circulation that favors superior accumulation of the payload in the targeted tissue. The design of efficient surface modifications determines both a longer circulation time and targeting abilities of particles. The optimization of synthesis protocols to efficiently combine targeting molecules and elements that allow for an increased circulation time can be challenging and almost impossible when several functional elements are needed. On the other hand, in the last decade, the development of bioinspired technologies was proposed as a new approach with which to increase particle safety, biocompatibility and targeting, while maintaining the synthesis protocols simple and reproducible. Recently, we developed a new drug delivery system inspired by the biology of immune cells called leukolike vector (LLV) and formed by a nanoporous silicon core and a shell derived from the leucocyte cell membrane. The goal of this study is to investigate the protein content of the LLV. Here we report the proteomic profiling of the LLV and demonstrate that our approach can be used to modify the surface of synthetic particles with more than 150 leukocyte membrane associated proteins that determine particle safety, circulation time and targeting abilities towards inflamed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston Texas 77030, USA.
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79
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Functional Consequences of Differential O-glycosylation of MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 (Downstream Effects on Signaling). Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6030034. [PMID: 27483328 PMCID: PMC5039420 DOI: 10.3390/biom6030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications that occur within the cell. Under normal physiological conditions, O-linked glycosylation of extracellular proteins is critical for both structure and function. During the progression of cancer, however, the expression of aberrant and truncated glycans is commonly observed. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that contain numerous sites of O-glycosylation within their extracellular domains. Transmembrane mucins also play a functional role in monitoring the surrounding microenvironment and transducing these signals into the cell. In cancer, these mucins often take on an oncogenic role and promote a number of pro-tumorigenic effects, including pro-survival, migratory, and invasive behaviors. Within this review, we highlight both the processes involved in the expression of aberrant glycan structures on mucins, as well as the potential downstream impacts on cellular signaling.
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80
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Lenos K, Goos JACM, Vuist IM, den Uil SH, Delis-van Diemen PM, Belt EJT, Stockmann HBAC, Bril H, de Wit M, Carvalho B, Giblett S, Pritchard CA, Meijer GA, van Kooyk Y, Fijneman RJA, van Vliet SJ. MGL ligand expression is correlated to BRAF mutation and associated with poor survival of stage III colon cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26278-90. [PMID: 26172302 PMCID: PMC4694901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer type worldwide with a mortality rate of approximately 50%. Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. Both MGL binding and oncogenic BRAF mutations have been implicated in establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here we aimed to evaluate whether MGL ligand expression has prognostic value and whether this was correlated to BRAF(V600E) mutation status. Using a cohort of 386 colon cancer patients we demonstrate that high MGL binding to stage III tumors is associated with poor disease-free survival, independent of microsatellite instability or adjuvant chemotherapy. In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF(V600E). Administration of specific BRAF(V600E) inhibitors resulted in decreased expression of MGL-binding glycans. Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF(V600E) and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF(V600E) mouse model. We conclude that the BRAF(V600E) mutation induces MGL ligand expression, thereby providing a direct link between oncogenic transformation and aberrant expression of immunosuppressive glycans. The strong prognostic value of MGL ligands in stage III colon cancer patients, i.e. when tumor cells disseminate to lymph nodes, further supports the putative immune evasive role of MGL ligands in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiaan Lenos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona M Vuist
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H den Uil
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Pien M Delis-van Diemen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Th Belt
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Herman Bril
- Department of Pathology, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Meike de Wit
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Giblett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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81
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A Bitter Sweet Symphony: Immune Responses to Altered O-glycan Epitopes in Cancer. Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6020026. [PMID: 27153100 PMCID: PMC4919921 DOI: 10.3390/biom6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of aberrant glycans on the tumor cell surface is one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. Glycosylation is an important post-translation modification of proteins and lipids and is strongly affected by oncogenesis. Tumor-associated glycans have been extensively characterized regarding their composition and tumor-type specific expression patterns. Nevertheless whether and how tumor-associated glycans contribute to the observed immunomodulatory actions by tumors has not been extensively studied. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the current knowledge on how tumor-associated O-glycans affect the anti-tumor immune response, thereby focusing on truncated O-glycans present on epithelial tumors and mucins. These tumor-associated O-glycans and mucins bind a variety of lectin receptors on immune cells to facilitate the subsequently induction of tolerogenic immune responses. We, therefore, postulate that tumor-associated glycans not only support tumor growth, but also actively contribute to immune evasion.
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82
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Jondle CN, Sharma A, Simonson TJ, Larson B, Mishra BB, Sharma J. Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin-1 Deficiency Is Associated with Increased Neutrophilia and Hyperinflammation in Gram-Negative Pneumonia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:3088-96. [PMID: 26912318 PMCID: PMC4936400 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), the carbohydrate-recognizing molecules, orchestrate host immune response in homeostasis and in inflammation. In the present study we examined the function of macrophage galactose-type lectin-1 (MGL1), a mammalian CLR, in pneumonic sepsis, a deadly immune disorder frequently associated with a nonresolving hyperinflammation. In a murine model of pneumonic sepsis using pulmonary infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae, the expression of MGL1 was upregulated in the lungs of K. pneumoniae-infected mice, and the deficiency of this CLR in MGL1(-/-) mice resulted in significantly increased mortality to infection than in the MGL1-sufficient wild-type mice, despite a similar bacterial burden. The phagocytic cells from MGL1(-/-) mice did not exhibit any defects in bacterial uptake and intracellular killing and were fully competent in neutrophil extracellular trap formation, a recently identified extracellular killing modality of neutrophils. Instead, the increased susceptibility of MGL1(-/-) mice seemed to correlate with severe lung pathology, indicating that MGL1 is required for resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Indeed, the MGL1(-/-) mice exhibited a hyperinflammatory response, massive pulmonary neutrophilia, and an increase in neutrophil-associated immune mediators. Concomitantly, MGL1-deficient neutrophils exhibited an increased influx in pneumonic lungs of K. pneumoniae-infected mice. Taken together, these results show a previously undetermined role of MGL1 in controlling neutrophilia during pneumonic infection, thus playing an important role in resolution of inflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first study depicting a protective function of MGL1 in an acute pneumonic bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Jondle
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Tanner J Simonson
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Benjamin Larson
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Bibhuti B Mishra
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202
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83
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MGL Receptor and Immunity: When the Ligand Can Make the Difference. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:450695. [PMID: 26839900 PMCID: PMC4709716 DOI: 10.1155/2015/450695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) facilitate uptake of carbohydrate antigens for antigen presentation, modulating the immune response in infection, homeostasis, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the role of the macrophage galactose type C-type lectin (MGL) in the immune response against self-antigens, pathogens, and tumor associated antigens (TAA). MGL is a CLR exclusively expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) and activated macrophages (MØs), able to recognize terminal GalNAc residues, including the sialylated and nonsialylated Tn antigens. We discuss the effects on DC function induced throughout the engagement of MGL, highlighting the importance of the antigen structure in the modulation of immune response. Indeed modifying Tn-density, the length, and steric structure of the Tn-antigens can result in generating immunogens that can efficiently bind to MGL, strongly activate DCs, mimic the effects of a danger signal, and achieve an efficient presentation in HLA classes I and II compartments.
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84
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Zizzari IG, Martufi P, Battisti F, Rahimi H, Caponnetto S, Bellati F, Nuti M, Rughetti A, Napoletano C. The Macrophage Galactose-Type C-Type Lectin (MGL) Modulates Regulatory T Cell Functions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132617. [PMID: 26147970 PMCID: PMC4493043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are physiologically designed to prevent autoimmune disease and maintain self-tolerance. In tumour microenvironments, their presence is related to a poor prognosis, and they influence the therapeutic outcome due to their capacity to suppress the immune response by cell-cell contact and to release immunosuppressive cytokines. In this study, we demonstrate that Treg immunosuppressive activity can be modulated by the cross-linking between the CD45RA expressed by Tregs and the C-type lectin MGL. This specific interaction strongly decreases the immunosuppressive activity of Tregs, restoring the proliferative capacity of co-cultured T lymphocytes. This effect can be attributed to changes in CD45RA and TCR signalling through the inhibition of Lck and inactivation of Zap-70, an increase in the Foxp3 methylation status and, ultimately, the reduced production of suppressive cytokines. These results indicate a role of MGL as an immunomodulator within the tumour microenvironment interfering with Treg functions, suggesting its possible use in the design of anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Martufi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Battisti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Hassan Rahimi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Bellati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Nuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Aurelia Rughetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Napoletano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy
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85
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Beatson R, Maurstad G, Picco G, Arulappu A, Coleman J, Wandell HH, Clausen H, Mandel U, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Sletmoen M, Burchell JM. The Breast Cancer-Associated Glycoforms of MUC1, MUC1-Tn and sialyl-Tn, Are Expressed in COSMC Wild-Type Cells and Bind the C-Type Lectin MGL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125994. [PMID: 25951175 PMCID: PMC4423978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation occurs in the majority of human cancers and changes in mucin-type O-glycosylation are key events that play a role in the induction of invasion and metastases. These changes generate novel cancer-specific glyco-antigens that can interact with cells of the immune system through carbohydrate binding lectins. Two glyco-epitopes that are found expressed by many carcinomas are Tn (GalNAc-Ser/Thr) and STn (NeuAcα2,6GalNAc-Ser/Thr). These glycans can be carried on many mucin-type glycoproteins including MUC1. We show that the majority of breast cancers carry Tn within the same cell and in close proximity to extended glycan T (Galβ1,3GalNAc) the addition of Gal to the GalNAc being catalysed by the T synthase. The presence of active T synthase suggests that loss of the private chaperone for T synthase, COSMC, does not explain the expression of Tn and STn in breast cancer cells. We show that MUC1 carrying both Tn or STn can bind to the C-type lectin MGL and using atomic force microscopy show that they bind to MGL with a similar dead adhesion force. Tumour associated STn is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy in breast carcinomas, inhibition of DC maturation, DC apoptosis and inhibition of NK activity. As engagement of MGL in the absence of TLR triggering may lead to anergy, the binding of MUC1-STn to MGL may be in part responsible for some of the characteristics of STn expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Gjertrud Maurstad
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gianfranco Picco
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Appitha Arulappu
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Coleman
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Hans H. Wandell
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ulla Mandel
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Marit Sletmoen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joy M. Burchell
- Breast Cancer Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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86
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Viral interference with functions of the cellular receptor tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Viruses 2015; 7:1540-57. [PMID: 25807057 PMCID: PMC4379584 DOI: 10.3390/v7031540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is expressed on the surface of almost all cells of hematopoietic origin. CD45 functions are central to the development of T cells and determine the threshold at which T and B lymphocytes can become activated. Given this pivotal role of CD45 in the immune system, it is probably not surprising that viruses interfere with the activity of CD45 in lymphocytes to dampen the immune response and that they also utilize this molecule to accomplish their replication cycle. Here we report what is known about the interaction of viral proteins with CD45. Moreover, we debate putative interactions of viruses with CD45 in myeloid cells and the resulting consequences-subjects that remain to be investigated. Finally, we summarize the evidence that pathogens were the driving force for the evolution of CD45.
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87
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Bu Q, Wang J, Zheng Y, Zou Y, Wei M. MGL induces nuclear translocation of EndoG and AIF in caspase-independent T cell death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:816-24. [DOI: 10.1515/cmble-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMacrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) participates in the regulation of T cell apoptosis, but the exact death pathway remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that MGL-induced T cell death occurs in a caspaseindependent manner. Furthermore, MGL treatment triggers the translocation of endonuclease G (EndoG) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Because galectin-1 (Gal-1) can also initiate similar mitochondrial events, we speculate that this death pathway may be widely used by the lectin family.
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88
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Eruslanov EB, Bhojnagarwala PS, Quatromoni JG, Stephen TL, Ranganathan A, Deshpande C, Akimova T, Vachani A, Litzky L, Hancock WW, Conejo-Garcia JR, Feldman M, Albelda SM, Singhal S. Tumor-associated neutrophils stimulate T cell responses in early-stage human lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5466-80. [PMID: 25384214 DOI: 10.1172/jci77053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating inflammatory cells are highly prevalent within the tumor microenvironment and mediate many processes associated with tumor progression; however, the contribution of specific populations remains unclear. For example, the nature and function of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in the cancer microenvironment is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to provide a phenotypic and functional characterization of TANs in surgically resected lung cancer patients. We found that TANs constituted 5%-25% of cells isolated from the digested human lung tumors. Compared with blood neutrophils, TANs displayed an activated phenotype (CD62L(lo)CD54(hi)) with a distinct repertoire of chemokine receptors that included CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CXCR4. TANs produced substantial quantities of the proinflammatory factors MCP-1, IL-8, MIP-1α, and IL-6, as well as the antiinflammatory IL-1R antagonist. Functionally, both TANs and neutrophils isolated from distant nonmalignant lung tissue were able to stimulate T cell proliferation and IFN-γ release. Cross-talk between TANs and activated T cells led to substantial upregulation of CD54, CD86, OX40L, and 4-1BBL costimulatory molecules on the neutrophil surface, which bolstered T cell proliferation in a positive-feedback loop. Together our results demonstrate that in the earliest stages of lung cancer, TANs are not immunosuppressive, but rather stimulate T cell responses.
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89
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Marcelo F, Garcia-Martin F, Matsushita T, Sardinha J, Coelho H, Oude-Vrielink A, Koller C, André S, Cabrita EJ, Gabius HJ, Nishimura SI, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada FJ. Delineating Binding Modes of Gal/GalNAc and Structural Elements of the Molecular Recognition of Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptides by the Human Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin. Chemistry 2014; 20:16147-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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90
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Novel insights into the immunomodulatory role of the dendritic cell and macrophage-expressed C-type lectin MGL. Immunobiology 2014; 220:185-92. [PMID: 25454488 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on their ability to balance tolerance and inflammation, antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis as well as the instigation of immune activation. Acting as key sensors of tissue integrity and pathogen invasion, they are well equipped with a wide variety of pattern recognition receptors, to which the C-type lectin family also belongs. C-type lectins are glycan-binding receptors that mediate cell-cell communication and pathogen recognition, besides participating in the endocytosis of antigens for presentation to T cells and the fine-tuning of immune responses. Here we review the current state-of-the-art on the dendritic cell and macrophage-expressed C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), highlighting the binding specificities, signaling properties and modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by its human and murine orthologues.
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91
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van Kooyk Y, Kalay H, Garcia-Vallejo JJ. Analytical tools for the study of cellular glycosylation in the immune system. Front Immunol 2013; 4:451. [PMID: 24376449 PMCID: PMC3858669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that glycosylation plays important role in intercellular communication within the immune system. Glycosylation-dependent interactions are crucial for the innate and adaptive immune system and regulate immune cell trafficking, synapse formation, activation, and survival. These functions take place by the cis or trans interaction of lectins with glycans. Classical immunological and biochemical methods have been used for the study of lectin function; however, the investigation of their counterparts, glycans, requires very specialized methodologies that have been extensively developed in the past decade within the Glycobiology scientific community. This mini-review intends to summarize the available technology for the study of glycan biosynthesis, its regulation and characterization for their application to the study of glycans in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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92
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van Vliet SJ, Vuist IM, Lenos K, Tefsen B, Kalay H, García-Vallejo JJ, van Kooyk Y. Human T cell activation results in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-calcineurin-dependent exposure of Tn antigen on the cell surface and binding of the macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27519-27532. [PMID: 23918927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) exerts an immunosuppressive role reflected by its interaction with terminal GalNAc moieties, such as the Tn antigen, on CD45 of effector T cells, thereby down-regulating T cell receptor signaling, cytokine responses, and induction of T cell death. Here, we provide evidence for the pathways that control the specific expression of GalNAc moieties on human CD4(+) T cells. GalNAc epitopes were readily detectable on the cell surface after T cell activation and required de novo protein synthesis. Expression of GalNAc-containing MGL ligands was completely dependent on PKC and did not involve NF-κB. Instead, activation of the downstream ERK MAPK pathway led to decreased mRNA levels and activity of the core 1 β3GalT enzyme and its chaperone Cosmc, favoring the expression of Tn antigen. In conclusion, expression of GalNAc moieties mirrors the T cell activation status, and thus only highly stimulated T cells are prone to the suppressive action of MGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilona M Vuist
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristiaan Lenos
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boris Tefsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hakan Kalay
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan J García-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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93
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Lichtenstein RG, Rabinovich GA. Glycobiology of cell death: when glycans and lectins govern cell fate. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:976-86. [PMID: 23703323 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Lichtenstein
- Avram and Stella Goren-Goldstein, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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94
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized sentinels responsible for coordinating adaptive immunity. This function is dependent upon coupled sensitivity to environmental signs of inflammation and infection to cellular maturation-the programmed alteration of DC phenotype and function to enhance immune cell activation. Although DCs are thus well equipped to respond to pathogens, maturation triggers are not unique to infection. Given that immune cells are exquisitely sensitive to the biological functions of DCs, we now appreciate that multiple layers of suppression are required to restrict the environmental sensitivity, cellular maturation, and even life span of DCs to prevent aberrant immune activation during the steady state. At the same time, steady-state DCs are not quiescent but rather perform key functions that support homeostasis of numerous cell types. Here we review these functions and molecular mechanisms of suppression that control steady-state DC maturation. Corruption of these steady-state operatives has diverse immunological consequences and pinpoints DCs as potent drivers of autoimmune and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Elena Hammer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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95
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Parodi A, Quattrocchi N, van de Ven AL, Chiappini C, Evangelopoulos M, Martinez JO, Brown BS, Khaled SZ, Yazdi IK, Enzo MV, Isenhart L, Ferrari M, Tasciotti E. Synthetic nanoparticles functionalized with biomimetic leukocyte membranes possess cell-like functions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:61-8. [PMID: 23241654 PMCID: PMC3751189 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of systemic drug-delivery vehicles depends on their ability to evade the immune system, cross the biological barriers of the body and localize at target tissues. White blood cells of the immune system--known as leukocytes--possess all of these properties and exert their targeting ability through cellular membrane interactions. Here, we show that nanoporous silicon particles can successfully perform all these actions when they are coated with cellular membranes purified from leukocytes. These hybrid particles, called leukolike vectors, can avoid being cleared by the immune system. Furthermore, they can communicate with endothelial cells through receptor-ligand interactions, and transport and release a payload across an inflamed reconstructed endothelium. Moreover, leukolike vectors retained their functions when injected in vivo, showing enhanced circulation time and improved accumulation in a tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parodi
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital System Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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96
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Klaver EJ, Kuijk LM, Laan LC, Kringel H, van Vliet SJ, Bouma G, Cummings RD, Kraal G, van Die I. Trichuris suis-induced modulation of human dendritic cell function is glycan-mediated. Int J Parasitol 2012; 43:191-200. [PMID: 23220043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) show remarkable phenotypic changes upon direct contact with soluble products (SPs) of Trichuris suis, a pig whipworm that is experimentally used in therapies to ameliorate inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis. These changes may contribute to the observed induction of a T helper 2 (Th2) response and the suppression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced Th1 and Th17 responses by human DCs primed with T. suis SPs. Here it is demonstrated that glycans of T. suis SPs contribute significantly to the suppression of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression in DCs of a broad variety of cytokines and chemokines, including important pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, lymphotoxin α (LTA), C-C Motif Ligand (CCL)2, C-X-C Motif Ligands (CXCL)9 and CXCL10. In addition, the data show that human DCs strongly bind T. suis SP-glycans via the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) mannose receptor (MR) and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN). The interaction of DCs with T. suis glycans likely involves mannose-type glycans, rather than fucosylated glycans, which differs from DC binding to soluble egg antigens of the human worm parasite, Schistosoma mansoni. In addition, macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) recognises T. suis SPs, which may contribute to the interaction with immature DCs or other MGL-expressing immune cells such as macrophages. The interaction of T. suis glycans with CLRs of human DCs may be essential for the ability of T. suis to suppress a pro-inflammatory phenotype of human DCs. The finding that the T. suis-induced modulation of human DC function is glycan-mediated is novel and indicates that helminth glycans contribute to the dampening of inflammation in a wide range of human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsenoor J Klaver
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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97
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Short KR, Brooks AG, Reading PC, Londrigan SL. The fate of influenza A virus after infection of human macrophages and dendritic cells. J Gen Virol 2012; 93:2315-2325. [PMID: 22894921 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.045021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DC) are important components of the innate host defence. Historically, these immune cells have been considered to play a critical role in controlling the severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infection by limiting virus release, initiating local inflammatory responses and by priming subsequent adaptive immune responses. However, some IAV strains have been reported to replicate productively in human immune cells. Potential amplification and dissemination of IAV from immune cells may therefore be an important virulence determinant. Herein, we will review findings in relation to the fate of IAV following infection of MΦ and DC. Insights regarding the consequences and outcomes of IAV infection of airway MΦ and DC are discussed in order to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Short
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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98
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Galectin-1 deactivates classically activated microglia and protects from inflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Immunity 2012; 37:249-63. [PMID: 22884314 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration occurs in the acute and the chronic phases of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Classically activated (M1) microglia are key players mediating this process. Here, we identified Galectin-1 (Gal1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, as a pivotal regulator of M1 microglial activation that targets the activation of p38MAPK-, CREB-, and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways and hierarchically suppresses downstream proinflammatory mediators, such as iNOS, TNF, and CCL2. Gal1 bound to core 2 O-glycans on CD45, favoring retention of this glycoprotein on the microglial cell surface and augmenting its phosphatase activity and inhibitory function. Gal1 was highly expressed in the acute phase of EAE, and its targeted deletion resulted in pronounced inflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Adoptive transfer of Gal1-secreting astrocytes or administration of recombinant Gal1 suppressed EAE through mechanisms involving microglial deactivation. Thus, Gal1-glycan interactions are essential in tempering microglial activation, brain inflammation, and neurodegeneration, with critical therapeutic implications for MS.
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99
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in C-type lectin genes, clustered in the IBD2 and IBD6 susceptibility loci, may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 24:965-70. [PMID: 22664939 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e328354f3d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The balance between microbes and host defence mechanisms at the mucosal frontier plays an important, yet unclarified role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The importance of microorganisms in IBD is supported by the association of IBD with mutations in pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as NOD2 and TLR4. We aimed to examine whether polymorphisms in another type of PRRs, the so-called C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), are associated with IBD. Growing insights into the pathogenetic role of NOD2 mutations in Crohn's disease (CD) and the fact that the majority of CLR-encoding genes are located in IBD susceptibility loci provide strong arguments for further exploration of the role of CLRs in IBD. METHODS In this study, we selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different CLRs to determine whether there could be a role for these CLRs in IBD. Functional SNPs in the genes coding for the candidate CLRs DC-SIGN, LLT1, DCIR and MGL were examined. Genotyping of all SNPs was performed at the Academic Medical Center. In this study, around 1572 samples were included from a maximum of 621 CD patients, 457 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 586 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION No association was found between our IBD cohort and the candidate SNPs for DC-SIGN (CD/HC: P=0.25 and UC/HC: P=0.36), DCIR (CD/HC: P=0.22 and UC/HC: P=0.41) and MGL (CD/HC: P=0.37 and UC/HC: P=0.25). However, one polymorphism in LLT1 was found to be associated with our CD population (P<0.034). Our UC cohort was not associated with the variation in LLT1 (P=0.33). LLT1 is a ligand for the recently discovered CD161. CD161 is a new surface marker for human interleukin (IL)-17-producing Th17 cells. The Th17 phenotype has been linked to CD by the fact that IL-22, IL-17 and IL-23 receptor levels are increased in CD. The signal transduction pathways involving LLT1 and CD161 are not completely clarified and are currently under investigation in our laboratory.
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100
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Napoletano C, Zizzari IG, Rughetti A, Rahimi H, Irimura T, Clausen H, Wandall HH, Belleudi F, Bellati F, Pierelli L, Frati L, Nuti M. Targeting of macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin (MGL) induces DC signaling and activation. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:936-45. [PMID: 22531918 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) sense the microenvironment through several types of receptors recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In particular, C-type lectins, expressed by distinct subsets of DCs, recognize and internalize specific carbohydrate antigen in a Ca(2+) -dependent manner. Targeting of these receptors is becoming an efficient strategy of delivering antigens in DC-based anticancer immunotherapy. Here we investigated the role of the macrophage galactose type C-lectin receptor (MGL), expressed by immature DCs (iDCs), as a molecular target for α-N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc or Tn)-carrying tumor-associated antigens to improve DC performance. MGL expressed by ex vivo-generated iDCs from healthy donors was engaged by a 60-mer MUC1(9Tn) -glycopeptide as a Tn-carrying tumor-associated antigen, and an anti-MGL antibody, as a specific MGL binder. We demonstrated that MGL engagement induced homotrimers and homodimers, triggering the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2 (ERK1,2) and nuclear factor-κB activation. Analysis of DC phenotype and function demonstrated that MGL engagement improved DC performance as antigen-presenting cells, promoting the upregulation of maturation markers, a decrease in phagocytosis, an enhancement of motility, and most importantly an increase in antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell activation. These results demonstrate that the targeting of MGL receptor on human DCs has an adjuvant effect and that this strategy can be used to design novel anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Napoletano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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