51
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Munjal A, Khandia R. Atherosclerosis: orchestrating cells and biomolecules involved in its activation and inhibition. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 120:85-122. [PMID: 32085889 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term atherosclerosis refers to the condition of deposition of lipids and other substances in and on the artery walls, called as plaque that restricts the normal blood flow. The plaque may be stable or unstable in nature. Unstable plaque can burst and trigger clot formation adding further adversities. The process of plaque formation involves various stages including fatty streak, intermediate or fibro-fatty lesion and advanced lesion. The cells participating in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque include endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes, monocytes derived macrophages, macrophages and dendritic cells and regulatory T cells (TREG). The role of a variety of cytokines and chemokines have been studied which either help in progression of atherosclerotic plaque or vice versa. The cytokines involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation include IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-18, IL-20, IL-25, IL-27, IL-33, IL-37, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ; whereas amongst the chemokines (family of small cytokines) are CCL2, CCL3, CXCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CX3CL1, CCL17, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, CCL19 and CCL21 and macrophage migration-inhibitory factor. These are involved in the atherosclerosis advancements, whereas the chemokine CXCL12 is play atheroprotective roles. Apart this, contradictory functions have been documented for few other chemokines such as CXCL16. Since the cytokines and chemokines are amongst the key molecules involved in orchestrating the atherosclerosis advancements, targeting them might be an effective strategy to encumber the atherosclerotic progression. Blockage of cytokines and chemokines via the means of broad-spectrum inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, usage of decoy receptors or RNA interference have been proved to be useful intervention against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, MP, India
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52
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Pfeiler S, Winkels H, Kelm M, Gerdes N. IL-1 family cytokines in cardiovascular disease. Cytokine 2019; 122:154215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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53
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Bartlett B, Ludewick HP, Misra A, Lee S, Dwivedi G. Macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis: a translational perspective. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H375-H386. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is now considered a chronic maladaptive inflammatory disease. The hallmark feature in both human and murine disease is atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophages and various T-cell lineages play a crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque establishment and disease progression. Humans and mice share many of the same processes that occur within atherogenesis. The various similarities enable considerable insight into disease mechanisms and those which contribute to cardiovascular complications. The apolipoprotein E-null and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice have served as the foundation for further immunological pathway manipulation to identify pro- and antiatherogenic pathways in attempt to reveal more novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a translational perspective and discuss the roles of macrophages and various T-cell lineages in contrasting proatherosclerotic and atheroprotective settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bartlett
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Herbert P. Ludewick
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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54
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Zhou J, Ma W, Wang X, Liu H, Miao Y, Wang J, Du P, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Matrine Suppresses Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated MKKs/p38-Induced Inflammation in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-Stimulated Macrophages. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4130-4136. [PMID: 31156213 PMCID: PMC6561390 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to study the anti-inflammatory effect and possibly involved molecular mechanisms of matrine on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-exposed macrophages. Material/Methods Cultured human macrophages (THP-1 cell line) were exposed to ox-LDL at final concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. Several cells were then treated with matrine at serial diluted concentrations. 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; a colorimetric method was used to determine the cellular antioxidant capacity; production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and immunoblot assay was used to assess the relative protein phosphorylation and expression. Results ox-LDL exposure significantly elevated intracellular ROS level and supernatant IL18 and TNFα concentrations, but impaired total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of macrophages. The relative phosphorylations of MAPK kinase kinases (MKK)6, MKK3, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were increased by ox-LDL exposure. The expression levels of IL18 and TNFα were also increased in ox-LDL-treated macrophages. The matrine treatment reduced intracellular ROS level and supernatant IL18 and TNFα concentrations and increased TAC in a concentration- dependent manner. The relative phosphorylations of MKK6, MKK3, and p38 MAPK were reduced after matrine administration. Moreover, the expression levels of IL18 and TNFα were also decreased by matrine treatment, in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions ox-LDL increases inflammatory response in macrophages by activating the ROS-mediated MKKs/p38 MAPK-induced inflammatory signaling pathway. Matrine suppresses ox-LDL-induced inflammatory by inhibiting the MKKs/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wangxia Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xincheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Youliang Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Juanli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yani Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhouzhi County People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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55
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Wang B, Lin H, Mao Z. IL-18 might be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of aortic valve calcification. Int J Cardiol 2019; 277:223. [PMID: 30661546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huiqing Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangfan Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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56
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The interplay of renal potassium and sodium handling in blood pressure regulation: critical role of the WNK-SPAK-NCC pathway. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 33:508-523. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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57
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Williams CR, Mistry M, Cheriyan AM, Williams JM, Naraine MK, Ellis CL, Mallick R, Mistry AC, Gooch JL, Ko B, Cai H, Hoover RS. Zinc deficiency induces hypertension by promoting renal Na + reabsorption. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F646-F653. [PMID: 30649891 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00487.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zn2+ deficiency (ZnD) is a common comorbidity of many chronic diseases. In these settings, ZnD exacerbates hypertension. Whether ZnD alone is sufficient to alter blood pressure (BP) is unknown. To explore the role of Zn2+ in BP regulation, adult mice were fed a Zn2+-adequate (ZnA) or a Zn2+-deficient (ZnD) diet. A subset of ZnD mice were either returned to the ZnA diet or treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), a Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC) inhibitor. To reduce intracellular Zn2+ in vitro, mouse distal convoluted tubule cells were cultured in N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN, a Zn2+ chelator)- or vehicle (DMSO)-containing medium. To replete intracellular Zn2+, TPEN-exposed cells were then cultured in Zn2+-supplemented medium. ZnD promoted a biphasic BP response, characterized by episodes of high BP. BP increases were accompanied by reduced renal Na+ excretion and NCC upregulation. These effects were reversed in Zn2+-replete mice. Likewise, HCTZ stimulated natriuresis and reversed BP increases. In vitro, Zn2+ depletion increased NCC expression. Furthermore, TPEN promoted NCC surface localization and Na+ uptake activity. Zn2+ repletion reversed TPEN effects on NCC. These data indicate that 1) Zn2+ contributes to BP regulation via modulation of renal Na+ transport, 2) renal NCC mediates ZnD-induced hypertension, and 3) NCC is a Zn2+-regulated transporter that is upregulated with ZnD. This study links dysregulated renal Na+ handling to ZnD-induced hypertension. Furthermore, NCC is identified as a novel mechanism by which Zn2+ regulates BP. Understanding the mechanisms of ZnD-induced BP dysregulation may have an important therapeutic impact on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clintoria R Williams
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia.,Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, and College of Science and Mathematics, Wright State University , Dayton, Ohio
| | - Monisha Mistry
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aswathy M Cheriyan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jasmine M Williams
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Meagan K Naraine
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carla L Ellis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rickta Mallick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia.,Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Abinash C Mistry
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia.,Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Gooch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia.,Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benjamin Ko
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia.,Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia.,Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Atlanta, Georgia
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58
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Almén MS, Björk J, Nyman U, Lindström V, Jonsson M, Abrahamson M, Vestergren AS, Lindhe Ö, Franklin G, Christensson A, Grubb A. Shrunken Pore Syndrome Is Associated With Increased Levels of Atherosclerosis-Promoting Proteins. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:67-79. [PMID: 30596170 PMCID: PMC6308389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shrunken pore syndrome (SPS), originally defined by cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcystatin C) being less than 60% of creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcreatinine) in the absence of extrarenal influences on the plasma levels of cystatin C or creatinine, is associated with a high increase in mortality, even in the absence of reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The objective of the present study was to determine whether the proteome of patients with SPS shows differences from that of patients with normal or reduced measured GFR (mGFR) without SPS. METHODS Four patient cohorts were included: 1 cohort with normal mGFR without SPS, 1 with normal mGFR with SPS, 1 with reduced mGFR without SPS, and 1 with reduced mGFR with SPS. The plasma levels of 177 selected proteins were analyzed. RESULTS Differences in the levels of 30 proteins were specific for SPS; 31 differences were specific for patients with both SPS and reduced mGFR; and 27 were specific for reduced mGFR. Eighteen of the differences specific for SPS concerned proteins described as promoting, or being associated with, atherosclerosis. Twelve of the differences specific for patients with both SPS and reduced mGFR and 10 of the differences specific for reduced mGFR also concerned proteins described as promoting, or being associated with, atherosclerosis. Almost all (82 of 88) of the concentration differences represented increased levels. For SPS, but not for reduced mGFR, a correlation between protein size and increase in level was observed, with smaller proteins being associated with higher levels. CONCLUSION The high mortality in shrunken pore syndrome might be caused by the accumulation of atherosclerosis-promoting proteins in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Nyman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Veronica Lindström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Magnus Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Anders Christensson
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anders Grubb
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Lund University, Sweden
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59
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Toldo S, Mauro AG, Cutter Z, Abbate A. Inflammasome, pyroptosis, and cytokines in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1553-H1568. [PMID: 30168729 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00158.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induces a sterile inflammatory response, leading to further injury that contributes to the final infarct size. Locally released danger-associated molecular patterns lead to priming and triggering of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and amplification of the inflammatory response and cell death by activation of caspase-1. We review strategies inhibiting priming, triggering, or caspase-1 activity or blockade of the inflammasome-related cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, focusing on the beneficial effects in experimental models of acute myocardial infarction in animals and the initial results of clinical translational research trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adolfo G Mauro
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zachary Cutter
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
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60
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Gibson MS, Domingues N, Vieira OV. Lipid and Non-lipid Factors Affecting Macrophage Dysfunction and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:654. [PMID: 29997514 PMCID: PMC6029489 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of human mortality. The lesional microenvironment contains a complex accumulation of variably oxidized lipids and cytokines. Infiltrating monocytes become polarized in response to these stimuli, resulting in a broad spectrum of macrophage phenotypes. The extent of lipid loading in macrophages influences their phenotype and consequently their inflammatory status. In response to excess atherogenic ligands, many normal cell processes become aberrant following a loss of homeostasis. This can have a direct impact upon the inflammatory response, and conversely inflammation can lead to cell dysfunction. Clear evidence for this exists in the lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of atherosclerotic macrophages, the principal lesional cell type. Furthermore, several intrinsic cell processes become dysregulated under lipidotic conditions. Therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cell function under disease conditions are an ongoing coveted aim. Macrophages play a central role in promoting lesional inflammation, with plaque progression and stability being directly proportional to macrophage abundance. Understanding how mixtures or individual lipid species regulate macrophage biology is therefore a major area of atherosclerosis research. In this review, we will discuss how the myriad of lipid and lipoprotein classes and products used to model atherogenic, proinflammatory immune responses has facilitated a greater understanding of some of the intricacies of chronic inflammation and cell function. Despite this, lipid oxidation produces a complex mixture of products and with no single or standard method of derivatization, there exists some variation in the reported effects of certain oxidized lipids. Likewise, differences in the methods used to generate macrophages in vitro may also lead to variable responses when apparently identical lipid ligands are used. Consequently, the complexity of reported macrophage phenotypes has implications for our understanding of the metabolic pathways, processes and shifts underpinning their activation and inflammatory status. Using oxidized low density lipoproteins and its oxidized cholesteryl esters and phospholipid constituents to stimulate macrophage has been hugely valuable, however there is now an argument that only working with low complexity lipid species can deliver the most useful information to guide therapies aimed at controlling atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Gibson
- Lysosomes in Chronic Human Pathologies and Infection, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Neuza Domingues
- Lysosomes in Chronic Human Pathologies and Infection, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otilia V Vieira
- Lysosomes in Chronic Human Pathologies and Infection, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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61
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Yan J, Li M, Wang XD, Lu ZY, Ni XL. Peperomin E (PepE) protects against high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE -/-) mice through reducing inflammation via the suppression of NLRP3 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:862-869. [PMID: 30021379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peperomin E (PepE) is a type of secolignan, a major component of the plant Peperomia dindygulensis. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects; however, the effects of PepE on human atherosclerosis remain unexplored. In the study, we investigated the role of PepE in high fat diet (HFD) induced atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E defcient (ApoE-/-) mice. Elevated serum homocyteine, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, accelerated progression of atherosclerosis and exacerbated macrophage infiltration into atherosclerotic lesions were observed in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice, which were attenuated by PepE treatment. ApoE-/- mice fed with HFD exhibited significantly high levels of inflammation-associated regulators in artery tissues, accompanied with an increased expression of p-inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and p-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and the process was blocked by PepE administration. Further, we found NOD-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in artery tissues of HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. In vitro, silencing NLRP3 using small interfering RNA efficiently inhibited oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced ASC and Caspase-1 expressions, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Further experiments indicated that NLRP3-ASC pathway was activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), since ROS scavenger of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) prevented, which was further reduced by PepE addition. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of PepE on oxLDL-incubated HAECs were abolished by over-expression NLRP3. Together, our study revealed that PepE inhibited atherosclerosis development in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice by suppressing NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway, and suggested that PepE might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China; Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Ming Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310002, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Zi-Ying Lu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Xiao-Long Ni
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui road, Hangzhou 310002, China
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62
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Varghese JF, Patel R, Yadav UCS. Novel Insights in the Metabolic Syndrome-induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation-mediated Atherosclerosis. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:4-14. [PMID: 28990536 PMCID: PMC5872260 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x13666171009112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Atherosclerosis is a progressive pathological process and a leading cause of mor-tality worldwide. Clinical research and epidemiological studies state that atherosclerosis is caused by an amalgamation of metabolic and inflammatory deregulation involving three important pathological events including Endothelial Dysfunction (ED), Foam Cell Formation (FCF), and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) proliferation and migration. Objectives: Research in recent years has identified Metabolic Syndrome (MS), which involves factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and diabetes, to be responsible for the pathophysiol-ogy of atherosclerosis. These factors elevate oxidative stress and inflammation-induced key signalling molecules and various microRNAs (miRs). In present study, we have reviewed recently identified molecular targets in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Methods: Scientific literature obtained from databases such as university library, PubMed and Google along with evidences from published experimental work in relevant journals has been sum-marized in this review article. Results: The molecular events and cell signalling implicated in atherogenic processes of ED, FCF and VSMCs hyperplasia are sequential and progressive, and involve cross talks at many levels. Specific molecules such as transcription factors, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and miRs have been identified playing crucial role in most of the events leading to atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Studies associated with MS induced oxidative stress- and inflammation- mediated sig-nalling pathways along with critical miRs help in better understanding of the pathophysiology of ath-erosclerosis. Several key molecules discussed in this review could be potent target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnna F Varghese
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382030, India
| | - Rohit Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382030, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382030, India
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63
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Arapi B, Bayoğlu B, Cengiz M, Dirican A, Deser SB, Junusbekov Y, Arslan C. Increased Expression of Interleukin-18 mRNA is Associated with Carotid Artery Stenosis. Balkan Med J 2018; 35:250-255. [PMID: 29485097 PMCID: PMC5981122 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2017.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carotid artery stenosis is the atherosclerotic narrowing of the proximal internal carotid artery and one of the primary causes of stroke. Elevated expression of the pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 has been demonstrated in human atherosclerotic plaques. Aims: To investigate whether the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-18 and interleukin-18-binding protein and interleukin-18 −137 G/C (rs187238) variants are associated with carotid artery stenosis development. Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: The mRNA expression levels of interleukin-18 and interleukin-18-binding protein and interleukin-18 rs187238 variants were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 70 patients with carotid artery stenosis (36 symptomatic, 34 asymptomatic) and 75 healthy controls. Results: Interleukin-18 mRNA expression was significantly increased in carotid artery stenosis patients compared to that in healthy controls (p=0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between interleukin-18-binding protein mRNA expression levels in patients with carotid artery stenosis and those in controls (p=0.101). Internal carotid artery stenosis severity was significantly higher in symptomatic patients than that in asymptomatic patients (p<0.001). A significant relationship was identified between interleukin-18 expression and internal carotid artery stenosis severity in patients with carotid artery stenosis (p=0.051). Interleukin-18 rs187238 polymorphism genotype frequencies did not significantly differ between patients with carotid artery stenosis and controls (p=0.246). A significant difference was identified between interleukin-18-binding protein gene expression and symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (p=0.026), but there was no difference in interleukin-18 expression between the symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups (p=0.397). Conclusion: Interleukin-18 mRNA expression may affect carotid artery stenosis etiopathogenesis and internal carotid artery stenosis severity and also may play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of carotid artery stenosis, influencing the appearance of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Arapi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bayoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjgan Cengiz
- Department of Medical Biology, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Dirican
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Burç Deser
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yerik Junusbekov
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Caner Arslan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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64
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Small DM, Jones JS, Tendler II, Miller PE, Ghetti A, Nishimura N. Label-free imaging of atherosclerotic plaques using third-harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:214-229. [PMID: 29359098 PMCID: PMC5772576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy using laser sources in the mid-infrared range (MIR, 1,300 nm and 1,700 nm) was used to image atherosclerotic plaques from murine and human samples. Third harmonic generation (THG) from atherosclerotic plaques revealed morphological details of cellular and extracellular lipid deposits. Simultaneous nonlinear optical signals from the same laser source, including second harmonic generation and endogenous fluorescence, resulted in label-free images of various layers within the diseased vessel wall. The THG signal adds an endogenous contrast mechanism with a practical degree of specificity for atherosclerotic plaques that complements current nonlinear optical methods for the investigation of cardiovascular disease. Our use of whole-mount tissue and backward scattered epi-detection suggests THG could potentially be used in the future as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Small
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Jason S. Jones
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Irwin I. Tendler
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul E. Miller
- Anabios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Andre Ghetti
- Anabios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 526 N. Campus Rd., Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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65
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Libby P. Interleukin-1 Beta as a Target for Atherosclerosis Therapy: Biological Basis of CANTOS and Beyond. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:2278-2289. [PMID: 29073957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathways drive atherogenesis and link conventional risk factors to atherosclerosis and its complications. One inflammatory mediator has come to the fore as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. The experimental and clinical evidence reviewed here support interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) as both a local vascular and systemic contributor in this regard. Intrinsic vascular wall cells and lesional leukocytes alike can produce this cytokine. Local stimuli in the plaque favor the generation of active IL-1β through the action of a molecular assembly known as the inflammasome. Clinically applicable interventions that interfere with IL-1 action can improve cardiovascular outcomes, ushering in a new era of anti-inflammatory therapies for atherosclerosis. The translational path described here illustrates how advances in basic vascular biology may transform therapy. Biomarker-directed application of anti-inflammatory interventions promises to help us achieve a more precise and personalized allocation of therapy for our cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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66
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Jin DY, Liu CL, Tang JN, Zhu ZZ, Xuan XX, Zhu XD, Wang YZ, Zhang TX, Shen DL, Wang XF, Shi GP, Zhang JY. Interleukin-18, matrix metalloproteinase-22 and -29 are independent risk factors of human coronary heart disease. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:685-695. [PMID: 28786243 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is characterized by arterial wall inflammation and matrix degradation. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-22 and -29 and pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL18) are present in human hearts. IL18 may regulate MMP-22 and -29 expression, which may correlate with CHD progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoblot analysis showed that IL18 induced MMP-22 expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells. The Mann Whitney test from a prospective study of 194 CHD patients and 68 non-CHD controls demonstrated higher plasma levels of IL18, MMP-22 and -29 in CHD patients than in the controls. A logistic regression test suggested that plasma IL18 (odds ratio (OR)=1.131, P=0.007), MMP-22 (OR=1.213, P=0.040), and MMP-29 (OR=1.198, P=0.033) were independent risk factors of CHD. Pearson's correlation test showed that IL18 (coefficient (r)=0.214, P=0.045; r=0.246, P=0.031) and MMP-22 (r=0.273, P=0.006; r=0.286, P=0.012) were associated with the Gensini score before and after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The multivariate Pearson's correlation test showed that plasma MMP-22 levels correlated positively with high-sensitive-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.167, P=0.023), and MMP-29 levels correlated negatively with triglyceride (r=-0.169, P=0.018). Spearman's correlation test indicated that plasma IL18 levels associated positively with plasma MMP-22 (r=0.845, P<0.001) and MMP-29 (r=0.548, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that IL18, MMP-22 and -29 serve as biomarkers and independent risk factors of CHD. Increased systemic IL18 in CHD patients may contribute to elevated plasma MMP-22 and -29 levels in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yi Jin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Cong-Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jun-Nan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhao-Zhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xue-Xi Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yun-Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tian-Xia Zhang
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - De-Liang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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67
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Xiao M, Bolduc DL, Li X, Cui W, Hieber KP, Bünger R, Ossetrova NI. Urine Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a Biomarker of Total-Body Irradiation: A Preliminary Study in Nonhuman Primates. Radiat Res 2017. [PMID: 28650775 DOI: 10.1667/rr14768.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that circulating IL-18 can be used as a radiation biomarker in mice, minipigs and nonhuman primates (NHPs, Macaca mulatta). Here, we report the levels of IL-18 in individual NHP's urine before and at 6 h-7 days after 5.0, 6.5 and 8.5 Gy 60Co total-body irradiation (TBI) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Six animals (3.5-5.5 kg, 3-4 years old) per radiation dose were investigated. Correlation values between urine IL-18 and blood cell counts and serum chemistry parameters including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, and serum total protein (TP), as well as between urine IL-18 and 60-day survival, were analyzed. Our data, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, demonstrate that concentrations of urine IL-18 from irradiated NHPs were increased in a radiation dose-dependent manner compared to pre-TBI levels in samples from these animal (N = 18, 11.02 ± 1.3 pg/ml). A 5.0 Gy low dose of radiation (∼LD10/60) did not increase urine IL-18 levels. In contrast, high-dose TBI significantly increased urine IL-18 at day 1 to day 5 in a bell-shaped time course, reaching a peak of 5- to 10-fold of control levels on day 3 after 6.5 Gy (∼LD50/60) and 8.5 Gy (∼LD90/60), respectively. Statistical analysis using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) and MultiROC analysis indicated that white blood cell and platelet counts, serum LDH, lipase and TP, when combined with urine IL-18, provide discriminatory predictors of total-body radiation injury with a very high ROC area of 0.98. Urine IL-18 measurement, as an early prognostic indicator of survival, may facilitate rapid detection of lethal doses of radiation, based on the currently available data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Xiao
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David L Bolduc
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - XiangHong Li
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wanchang Cui
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin P Hieber
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Natalia I Ossetrova
- a Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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68
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Ahmad R, Thomas R, Kochumon S, Sindhu S. Increased adipose tissue expression of IL-18R and its ligand IL-18 associates with inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:318-335. [PMID: 28508444 PMCID: PMC5569378 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. While the changes in IL-18 are known, IL-18R expression and relationship with IL-18 and other inflammatory markers in the adipose tissue in obesity/type-2 diabetes (T2D) remain unclear. METHODS We, therefore, determined the adipose tissue expression of IL-18R and IL-18 mRNA/protein in lean, overweight, and obese individuals with and without T2D, 15 each, using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy. Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using unpaired t-test and Pearson's correlation (r); all P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found the upregulated gene/protein expression of IL-18R and IL-18 in non-diabetic obese/overweight as compared with lean individuals (P < 0.05). BMI correlated positively (P < 0.05) with the adipose tissue expression of IL-18R (mRNA: r = 0.90 protein: r = 0.84) and IL-18 (mRNA: r = 0.84 protein: r = 0.80). Similarly, in T2D individuals, gene and protein expression of IL-18R/IL-18 was significantly higher in obese as compared with overweight/lean individuals. The BMI was associated with the changes in both IL-18R (mRNA: r = 0.55 protein: r = 0.50) and IL-18 (mRNA: r = 0.53 protein: r = 0.57) expression. IL-18R/IL-18 gene expression in the adipose tissue was positively associated (P < 0.05) with local gene expression of other inflammatory markers including CD11c, CD86, CD68, CD163, TNF-α, and CCL5. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was higher in diabetic/non-diabetic obese and it correlated with BMI (P < 0.05). IL-18R and IL-18 mRNA/protein expression in obesity was associated with HOMA-IR only in non-diabetics. CONCLUSIONS The adipose tissue IL-18R/IL-18 expression is enhanced in obesity which associates with proinflammatory gene signature and insulin resistance in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology and Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology and Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Immunology and Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute (DDI), Dasman, Kuwait
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69
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Luo Y, Liu F, Liu H, Chen H, Cheng W, Dong S, Xiong W. Elevated serum IL-39 in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was related with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Biomark Med 2017; 11:419-426. [PMID: 28379039 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the changes and significance of circulating IL-39 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients & methods: Serum IL-39 levels in ACS patients and normal coronary arteries were measured. The correlations of IL-39 with high-sensitivity CRP, cTnI, N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction were investigated. Results: The serum levels of IL-39 in ACS patients were significantly increased. IL-39 levels were positively correlated with NTproBNP, high-sensitivity CRP and cTnI, negatively correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction in ACS patients. The most significant correlation arose between serum IL-39 and NTproBNP in STEMI patients (r = 0.8309; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Circulating level of IL-39 might be a predictor of cardiac systolic dysfunction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Hongdan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Wenfei Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Shaohong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, No.1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China
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70
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Jabir NR, Firoz CK, Kamal MA, Damanhouri GA, Alama MN, Alam Q, Haque A, Almehdar HA, Tabrez S. Assessment of IL-18 Serum Level and Its Promoter Polymorphisms in the Saudi Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Patients. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1849-1854. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R. Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chelapram K. Firoz
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A. Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nabil Alama
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Cardiology; King Abdulaziz University Hospital; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qamre Alam
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Absarul Haque
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A. Almehdar
- Faculty of Science; Department of Biology; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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71
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Sage AP, Mallat Z. Readapting the adaptive immune response - therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3926-3939. [PMID: 28052311 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain a major global health issue, with the development of atherosclerosis as a major underlying cause. Our treatment of cardiovascular disease has improved greatly over the past three decades, but much remains to be done reduce disease burden. Current priorities include reducing atherosclerosis advancement to clinically significant stages and preventing plaque rupture or erosion. Inflammation and involvement of the adaptive immune system influences all these aspects and therefore is one focus for future therapeutic development. The atherosclerotic vascular wall is now recognized to be invaded from both sides (arterial lumen and adventitia), for better or worse, by the adaptive immune system. Atherosclerosis is also affected at several stages by adaptive immune responses, overall providing many opportunities to target these responses and to reduce disease progression. Protective influences that may be defective in diseased individuals include humoral responses to modified LDL and regulatory T cell responses. There are many strategies in development to boost these pathways in humans, including vaccine-based therapies. The effects of various existing adaptive immune targeting therapies, such as blocking critical co-stimulatory pathways or B cell depletion, on cardiovascular disease are beginning to emerge with important consequences for both autoimmune disease patients and the potential for wider use of such therapies. Entering the translation phase for adaptive immune targeting therapies is an exciting and promising prospect. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Sage
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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72
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Koay HF, Gherardin NA, Enders A, Loh L, Mackay LK, Almeida CF, Russ BE, Nold-Petry CA, Nold MF, Bedoui S, Chen Z, Corbett AJ, Eckle SBG, Meehan B, d'Udekem Y, Konstantinov IE, Lappas M, Liu L, Goodnow CC, Fairlie DP, Rossjohn J, Chong MM, Kedzierska K, Berzins SP, Belz GT, McCluskey J, Uldrich AP, Godfrey DI, Pellicci DG. A three-stage intrathymic development pathway for the mucosal-associated invariant T cell lineage. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:1300-1311. [PMID: 27668799 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) detect microbial vitamin B2 derivatives presented by the antigen-presenting molecule MR1. Here we defined three developmental stages and checkpoints for the MAIT cell lineage in humans and mice. Stage 1 and stage 2 MAIT cells predominated in thymus, while stage 3 cells progressively increased in abundance extrathymically. Transition through each checkpoint was regulated by MR1, whereas the final checkpoint that generated mature functional MAIT cells was controlled by multiple factors, including the transcription factor PLZF and microbial colonization. Furthermore, stage 3 MAIT cell populations were expanded in mice deficient in the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d, suggestive of a niche shared by MAIT cells and natural killer T cells (NKT cells). Accordingly, this study maps the developmental pathway and checkpoints that control the generation of functional MAIT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Immunology Research Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anselm Enders
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Department of Immunology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catarina F Almeida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendan E Russ
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia A Nold-Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marcel F Nold
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Meehan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yves d'Udekem
- Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chris C Goodnow
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Department of Immunology, Canberra, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark M Chong
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Collaborative Research Network, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia.,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Division of Molecular Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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73
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Interleukin-18 deficiency protects against renal interstitial fibrosis in aldosterone/salt-treated mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1727-39. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and was described originally as an interferon γ-inducing factor. Aldosterone plays a central role in the regulation of sodium and potassium homoeostasis by binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor and contributes to kidney and cardiovascular damage. Aldosterone has been reported to induce IL-18, resulting in cardiac fibrosis with induced IL-18-mediated osteopontin (OPN). We therefore hypothesized that aldosterone-induced renal fibrosis via OPN may be mediated by IL-18. To verify this hypothesis, we compared mice deficient in IL-18 and wild-type (WT) mice in a model of aldosterone/salt-induced hypertension. IL-18−/− and C57BL/6 WT mice were used for the uninephrectomized aldosterone/salt hypertensive model, whereas NRK-52E cells (rat kidney epithelial cells) were used in an in vitro model. In the present in vivo study, IL-18 protein expression was localized in medullary tubules in the WT mice, whereas in aldosterone-infused WT mice this expression was up-regulated markedly in the proximal tubules, especially in injured and dilated tubules. This renal damage caused by aldosterone was attenuated significantly by IL-18 knockout with down-regulation of OPN expression. In the present in vitro study, aldosterone directly induced IL-18 gene expression in renal tubular epithelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These effects were inhibited completely by spironolactone. IL-18 may be a key mediator of aldosterone-induced renal fibrosis by inducing OPN, thereby exacerbating renal interstitial fibrosis. Inhibition of IL-18 may therefore provide a potential target for therapeutic intervention aimed at preventing the progression of renal injury.
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Przepiera-Będzak H, Fischer K, Brzosko M. Serum Interleukin-18, Fetuin-A, Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, and Endothelin-1 in Ankylosing Spondylitis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and SAPHO Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081255. [PMID: 27527149 PMCID: PMC5000653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine serum interleukin 18 (IL-18), fetuin-A, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and Synovitis Acne Pustulosis Hyperostosis Osteitis syndrome (SAPHO). We studied 81 AS, 76 PsA, and 34 SAPHO patients. We measured serum IL-18, fetuin-A, sICAM-1, ET-1, IL-6, IL-23, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). IL-18 levels were higher in AS (p = 0.001), PsA (p = 0.0003), and SAPHO (p = 0.01) than in controls, and were positively correlated with CRP (p = 0.03), VEGF (p = 0.03), and total cholesterol (TC, p = 0.006) in AS and with IL-6 (p = 0.03) in PsA. Serum fetuin-A levels were lower in AS (p = 0.001) and PsA (p = 0.001) than in controls, and negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) in AS (p = 0.04) and SAPHO (p = 0.03). sICAM-1 positively correlated with CRP (p = 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, p = 0.01), and IL-6 (p = 0.008) in AS, and with IL-6 (p = 0.001) in SAPHO. Serum ET-1 levels were lower in AS (p = 0.0005) than in controls. ET-1 positively correlated with ESR (p = 0.04) and Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28, p = 0.003) in PsA. In spondyloarthritis, markers of endothelial function correlated with disease activity and TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Przepiera-Będzak
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Szczecin 71-252, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Fischer
- Independent Laboratory of Rheumatic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Szczecin 71-252, Poland.
| | - Marek Brzosko
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, Szczecin 71-252, Poland.
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Wang B, Wei G, Liu B, Zhou X, Xiao H, Dong N, Li F. The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein in Interleukin-18-Induced Myofibroblastic Transition of Valvular Interstitial Cells. Cardiology 2016; 135:168-178. [PMID: 27395056 DOI: 10.1159/000447483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) have been reported in patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, the role of IL-18 and HMGB1 in the modulation of the valvular interstitial cell (VIC) phenotype remains unclear. We hypothesized that HMGB1 mediates IL-18-induced myofibroblastic transition of VICs. METHODS The expression of IL-18, HMGB1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human aortic valves was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Plasma concentrations of IL-18 and HMGB1 were measured using the ELISA kit. Cultured human aortic VICs were used as an in vitro model. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting revealed increased levels of IL-18, HMGB1 and α-SMA in calcific valves. Circulating IL-18 and HMGB1 levels were also higher in CAVD patients. In vitro, IL-18 induced upregulation of HMGB1 and α-SMA in VICs. Moreover, IL-18 induced secretion of HMGB1 to the extracellular space and activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Blockade of NF-κB abrogated the upregulation and release of HMGB1 induced by IL-18. Whereas HMGB1 inhibition attenuated the IL-18-induced expression of α-SMA, HMGB1 enhanced the effect of IL-18. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that both tissue and plasma levels of IL-18 and HMGB1 were increased in patients with CAVD. Mechanically, HMGB1 mediated IL-18-induced VIC myofibroblastic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Meiler S, Lutgens E, Weber C, Gerdes N. Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins-focus on interleukin-18 signaling, chemotactic heteromers, and microRNAs. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:308-9. [PMID: 27145104 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Meiler
- aInstitute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany bDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands cDZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Longitudinal study of living kidney donor glomerular dynamics after nephrectomy. Kidney Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Herder C, Dalmas E, Böni-Schnetzler M, Donath MY. The IL-1 Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:551-563. [PMID: 26412156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibit chronic activation of the innate immune system in pancreatic islets, in insulin-sensitive tissues, and at sites of diabetic complications. This results from a pathological response to overnutrition and physical inactivity seen in genetically predisposed individuals. Processes mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) link obesity and dyslipidemia and have implicated IL-1β in T2D and related cardiovascular complications. Epidemiological, molecular, and animal studies have now assigned a central role for IL-1β in driving tissue inflammation during metabolic stress. Proof-of-concept clinical studies have validated IL-1β as a target to improve insulin production and action in patients with T2D. Large ongoing clinical trials will address the potential of IL-1 antagonism to prevent cardiovascular and other related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and the Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and the Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and the Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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