51
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Branchini BR, Fontaine DM, Southworth TL, Huta BP, Racela A, Patel KD, Gulick AM. Mutagenesis and Structural Studies Reveal the Basis for the Activity and Stability Properties That Distinguish the Photinus Luciferases scintillans and pyralis. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4293-4303. [PMID: 31560532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The dazzling yellow-green light emission of the common North American firefly Photinus pyralis and other bioluminescent organisms has provided a wide variety of prominent research applications like reporter gene assays and in vivo imaging methods. While the P. pyralis enzyme has been extensively studied, only recently has a second Photinus luciferase been cloned from the species scintillans. Even though the enzymes share very high sequence identity (89.8%), the color of the light they emit, their specific activity and their stability to heat, pH, and chemical denaturation are quite different with the scintillans luciferase being generally more resistant. Through the construction and evaluation of the properties of chimeric domain swapped, single point, and various combined variants, we have determined that only six amino acid changes are necessary to confer all of the properties of the scintillans enzyme to wild-type P. pyralis luciferase. Altered stability properties were attributed to four of the amino acid changes (T214N/S276T/H332N/E354N), and single mutations each predominantly changed emission color (Y255F) and specific activity (A222C). Results of a crystallographic study of the P. pyralis enzyme containing the six changes (Pps6) provide some insight into the structural basis for some of the documented property differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Branchini
- Department of Chemistry , Connecticut College , New London , Connecticut 06320 , United States
| | - Danielle M Fontaine
- Department of Chemistry , Connecticut College , New London , Connecticut 06320 , United States
| | - Tara L Southworth
- Department of Chemistry , Connecticut College , New London , Connecticut 06320 , United States
| | - Brian P Huta
- Department of Chemistry , Connecticut College , New London , Connecticut 06320 , United States
| | - Allison Racela
- Department of Chemistry , Connecticut College , New London , Connecticut 06320 , United States
| | - Ketan D Patel
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
| | - Andrew M Gulick
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences , University at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York 14203 , United States
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52
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Cao J, Hu Y, Shazeeb MS, Pedraza CE, Pande N, Weinstock D, Polites GH, Zhang W, Chandross KJ, Ying X. In Vivo Optical Imaging of Myelination Events in a Myelin Basic Protein Promoter-Driven Luciferase Transgenic Mouse Model. ASN Neuro 2019; 10:1759091418777329. [PMID: 29806482 PMCID: PMC5987236 DOI: 10.1177/1759091418777329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The compact myelin sheath is important for axonal function, and its loss
can lead to neuronal cell death and irreversible functional deficits.
Myelin is vulnerable to a variety of metabolic, toxic, and autoimmune
insults. In diseases like multiple sclerosis, there is currently no
therapy to stop myelin loss, underscoring the need for neuroprotective
and remyelinating therapies. Noninvasive, robust techniques are also
needed to confirm the effect of such therapies in animal models. This
article describes the generation, characterization, and potential uses
for a myelin basic protein-luciferase (MBP-luci) transgenic mouse
model, in which the firefly luciferase reporter gene is selectively
controlled by the MBP promoter. In vivo
bioluminescence imaging can be used to visualize and quantify
demyelination and remyelination at the transcriptional level,
noninvasively, and in real time. Transgenic mice were assessed in the
cuprizone-induced model of demyelination, and luciferase activity
highly correlated with demyelination and remyelination events as
confirmed by both magnetic resonance imaging and postmortem
histological analysis. Furthermore, MBP-luci mice demonstrated
enhanced luciferase signal and remyelination in the cuprizone model
after treatment with a peroxisome proliferator activated
receptor-delta selective agonist and quetiapine. Imaging sensitivity
was further enhanced by using CycLuc 1, a luciferase substrate, which
has greater blood–brain barrier penetration. We demonstrated the
utility of MBP-luci model in tracking myelin changes in real time and
supporting target and therapeutic validation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cao
- 1 Translational In Vivo Model, Global Research Platform, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Hu
- 2 Multiple Sclerosis Cluster, Neuroscience Research, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Carlos E Pedraza
- 2 Multiple Sclerosis Cluster, Neuroscience Research, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Nilesh Pande
- 2 Multiple Sclerosis Cluster, Neuroscience Research, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Wenfei Zhang
- 5 Biostatistics and Programming, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyou Ying
- 1 Translational In Vivo Model, Global Research Platform, Sanofi R&D, Framingham, MA, USA
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53
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Sachdeva R, Wu M, Smiljanic S, Kaskun O, Ghannad-Zadeh K, Celebre A, Isaev K, Morrissy AS, Guan J, Tong J, Chan J, Wilson TM, Al-Omaishi S, Munoz DG, Dirks PB, Moran MF, Taylor MD, Reimand J, Das S. ID1 Is Critical for Tumorigenesis and Regulates Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4057-4071. [PMID: 31292163 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. While the introduction of temozolomide chemotherapy has increased long-term survivorship, treatment failure and rapid tumor recurrence remains universal. The transcriptional regulatory protein, inhibitor of DNA-binding-1 (ID1), is a key regulator of cell phenotype in cancer. We show that CRISPR-mediated knockout of ID1 in glioblastoma cells, breast adenocarcinoma cells, and melanoma cells dramatically reduced tumor progression in all three cancer systems through transcriptional downregulation of EGF, which resulted in decreased EGFR phosphorylation. Moreover, ID1-positive cells were enriched by chemotherapy and drove tumor recurrence in glioblastoma. Addition of the neuroleptic drug pimozide to inhibit ID1 expression enhanced the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide therapy on glioma cells and significantly prolonged time to tumor recurrence. Conclusively, these data suggest ID1 could be a promising therapeutic target in patients with glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that the transcriptional regulator ID1 is critical for glioblastoma initiation and chemoresistance and that inhibition of ID1 enhances the effect of temozolomide, delays tumor recurrence, and prolongs survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sachdeva
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Megan Wu
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra Smiljanic
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Oleksandra Kaskun
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kimia Ghannad-Zadeh
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela Celebre
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keren Isaev
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Guan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Chan
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Taylor M Wilson
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sayf Al-Omaishi
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - David G Munoz
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Center, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. .,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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54
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Yeh HW, Ai HW. Development and Applications of Bioluminescent and Chemiluminescent Reporters and Biosensors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:129-150. [PMID: 30786216 PMCID: PMC6565457 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although fluorescent reporters and biosensors have become indispensable tools in biological and biomedical fields, fluorescence measurements require external excitation light, thereby limiting their use in thick tissues and live animals. Bioluminescent reporters and biosensors may potentially overcome this hurdle because they use enzyme-catalyzed exothermic biochemical reactions to generate excited-state emitters. This review first introduces the development of bioluminescent reporters, and next, their applications in sensing biological changes in vitro and in vivo as biosensors. Lastly, we discuss chemiluminescent sensors that produce photons in the absence of luciferases. This review aims to explore fundamentals and experimental insights and to emphasize the yet-to-be-reached potential of next-generation luminescent reporters and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Wei Yeh
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
| | - Hui-Wang Ai
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, and Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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55
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Su TA, Bruemmer KJ, Chang CJ. Caged luciferins for bioluminescent activity-based sensing. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:198-204. [PMID: 31200275 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful modality for in vivo imaging owing to its low background and high signal-to-noise ratio. Because bioluminescent emission occurs only upon the catalytic reaction between the luciferase enzyme and its luciferin substrate, caging luciferins with analyte-reactive triggers offers a general approach for activity-based sensing of specific biochemical processes in living systems across cell, tissue, and animal models. In this review, we summarize recent efforts in the development of synthetic caged luciferins for tracking enzyme, small molecule, and metal ion activity and their contributions to physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Kevin J Bruemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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56
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Yan Y, Shi P, Song W, Bi S. Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence Imaging for Biosensing and Therapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Perspectives. Theranostics 2019; 9:4047-4065. [PMID: 31281531 PMCID: PMC6592176 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL) imaging technologies, which require no external light source so as to avoid the photobleaching, background interference and autoluminescence, have become powerful tools in biochemical analysis and biomedical science with the development of advanced imaging equipment. CL imaging technology has been widely applied to high-throughput detection of a variety of analytes because of its high sensitivity, high efficiency and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Using luciferase and fluorescent proteins as reporters, various BL imaging systems have been developed innovatively for real-time monitoring of diverse molecules in vivo based on the reaction between luciferin and the substrate. Meanwhile, the kinetics of protein interactions even in deep tissues has been studied by BL imaging. In this review, we summarize in vitro and in vivo applications of CL and BL imaging for biosensing and therapy. We first focus on in vitro CL imaging from the view of improving the sensitivity. Then, in vivo CL applications in cells and tissues based on different CL systems are demonstrated. Subsequently, the recent in vitro and in vivo applications of BL imaging are summarized. Finally, we provide the insight into the development trends and future perspectives of CL and BL imaging technologies.
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57
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Abakumov M, Kilpeläinen A, Petkov S, Belikov S, Klyachko N, Chekhonin V, Isaguliants M. Evaluation of cyclic luciferin as a substrate for luminescence measurements in in vitro and in vivo applications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:535-539. [PMID: 30979501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful tool for cell tracking, monitoring of gene delivery and expression in small laboratory animals. An alternative luciferase (Luc) substrate cyclic luciferin (Cycluc) was recently advanced for BLI applications as providing a stronger, more stable signal at significantly lower doses than the classical substrate D-luciferin (D-Luc) increasing sensitivity of Luc detection 10 to 100 times. We evaluated benefits of using Cycluc in in vivo studies in mice injected with murine adenocarcinoma 4T1 cells expressing Luc, and in single-cell organisms, the oocytes of Xenopus laevis. No significant increase in the efficacy of detection of the luminescent signal was recorded in either of the systems. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Km for Cycluc was 10000 higher, whereas Vmax was 100 lower than that of D-Luc. Cycluc efficiently bound to the active center of luciferase, but its turnover was extremely low, leading to actual inhibition of bioluminescence. This compromises Cycluc as a substrate for measurement of the activity of the wild-type luciferases, still widely used as reporters for in vivo monitoring microorganisms and tumor cells. It may find better applications with the development of in vivo imaging based on the genetically engineered mutant luciferases with different substrate requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Abakumov
- Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Athina Kilpeläinen
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Petkov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Belikov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univeersity, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- Gamaleya Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Research, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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58
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Saito R, Kuchimaru T, Higashi S, Lu SW, Kiyama M, Iwano S, Obata R, Hirano T, Kizaka-Kondoh S, Maki SA. Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Near-Infrared N-Heterocyclic Luciferin Analogues for In Vivo Optical Imaging. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Saito
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuchimaru
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shoko Higashi
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shijia W. Lu
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiyama
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwano
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Rika Obata
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shojiro A. Maki
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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59
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Mannheim JG, Kara F, Doorduin J, Fuchs K, Reischl G, Liang S, Verhoye M, Gremse F, Mezzanotte L, Huisman MC. Standardization of Small Animal Imaging-Current Status and Future Prospects. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:716-731. [PMID: 28971332 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of small animal imaging is directly linked to the validity and reliability of the collected data. If the data (regardless of the modality used) are not reproducible and/or reliable, then the outcome of the data is rather questionable. Therefore, standardization of the use of small animal imaging equipment, as well as of animal handling in general, is of paramount importance. In a recent paper, guidance for efficient small animal imaging quality control was offered and discussed, among others, the use of phantoms in setting up a quality control program (Osborne et al. 2016). The same phantoms can be used to standardize image quality parameters for multi-center studies or multi-scanners within center studies. In animal experiments, the additional complexity due to animal handling needs to be addressed to ensure standardized imaging procedures. In this review, we will address the current status of standardization in preclinical imaging, as well as potential benefits from increased levels of standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Firat Kara
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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60
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Welby JP, Kaptzan T, Wohl A, Peterson TE, Raghunathan A, Brown DA, Gupta SK, Zhang L, Daniels DJ. Current Murine Models and New Developments in H3K27M Diffuse Midline Gliomas. Front Oncol 2019; 9:92. [PMID: 30873381 PMCID: PMC6400847 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone 3-Lysine-27-Methionine (H3K27M) mutation constitute the majority of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), which is the most aggressive form of pediatric glioma with a dire prognosis. DIPG are lethal tumors found in younger children with a median survival <1 year from diagnosis. Discovery of the characteristic H3K27M mutations offers opportunity and hope for development of targeted therapies for this deadly disease. The H3K27M mutation, likely through epigenetic alterations in specific H3 lysine trimethylation levels and subsequent gene expression, plays a significant role in pathogenesis of DIPG. Animal models accurately depicting molecular characteristics of H3K27M DIPG are important to elucidate underlying pathologic events and for preclinical drug evaluation. Here we review the past and present DIPG models and describe our efforts developing patient derived cell lines and xenografts from pretreated surgical specimens. Pre-treated surgical samples retain the characteristic genomic and phenotypic hallmarks of DIPG and establish orthotopic tumors in the mouse brainstem that recapitulate radiographic and morphological features of the original human DIPG tumor. These models that contain the H3K27M mutation constitute a valuable tool to further study this devastating disease and ultimately may uncover novel therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Welby
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tatiana Kaptzan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anton Wohl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-HaShomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Desmond A Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shiv K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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61
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Cui CX, Li YQ, Sun YJ, Zhu YL, Fang JB, Bai B, Li WJ, Li SZ, Ma YZ, Li X, Wang WH, Jin NY. Antitumor effect of a dual cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus on prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:352.e1-352.e18. [PMID: 30665692 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Apoptin can specifically kill cancer cells but has no toxicity to normal cells. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) acts as a tumor-specific promoter, triggering certain genes to replicate or express only in tumor cells, conferring specific replication and killing abilities. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT) in prostate cancer. METHODS The pGL4.51 plasmid was used to transfect PC-3 cells to construct tumor cells stably expressing luciferase (PC-3-luc). Crystal violet staining and MTS assays determined the ability of Ad-VT to inhibit cell proliferation. Ad-VT-induced apoptosis of PC-3-luc cells was detected using Hoechst, Annexin V, JC-1 staining, and caspases activity analysis. PC-3-luc cells invasion and migration were detected using cell-scratch and Transwell assays. In vivo tumor inhibition was detected using imaging techniques. RESULTS Crystal violet staining and MTS results showed that the proliferation ability of PC-3-luc cells decreased significantly. Hoechst, JC-1, and Annexin V experiments demonstrated that Ad-VT mainly induced apoptosis to inhibit PC-3-luc cell proliferation. Ad-VT could significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of PC-3-luc cells over a short period of time. In vivo, Ad-VT could effectively inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival of the mice. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant adenovirus, comprising the apoptin protein and the hTERTp promoter, was able to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer PC-3 cells and promote their apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xin Cui
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Quan Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Sun
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Long Zhu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bo Fang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Jiang su Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Zhi Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Zhen Ma
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Jiang su Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China; Jiang su Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China; Department of Urology Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China.
| | - Ning-Yi Jin
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, P. R. China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, P. R. China; Jiang su Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, P. R. China.
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Ashraf S, Taylor A, Sharkey J, Barrow M, Murray P, Wilm B, Poptani H, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ, Lévy R. In vivo fate of free and encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles after injection of labelled stem cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:367-377. [PMID: 36132463 PMCID: PMC9473218 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle contrast agents are useful tools to label stem cells and monitor the in vivo bio-distribution of labeled cells in pre-clinical models of disease. In this context, understanding the in vivo fate of the particles after injection of labelled cells is important for their eventual clinical use as well as for the interpretation of imaging results. We examined how the formulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) impacts the labelling efficiency, magnetic characteristics and fate of the particles by comparing individual SPIONs with polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules containing SPIONs. At low labelling concentration, encapsulated SPIONs served as an efficient labelling agent for stem cells. The bio-distribution after intra-cardiac injection of labelled cells was monitored longitudinally by MRI and as an endpoint by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The results suggest that, after being released from labelled cells after cell death, both formulations of particles are initially stored in liver and spleen and are not completely cleared from these organs 2 weeks post-injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology (IIB), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology (IIB), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
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63
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Kleinovink JW, Mezzanotte L, Zambito G, Fransen MF, Cruz LJ, Verbeek JS, Chan A, Ossendorp F, Löwik C. A Dual-Color Bioluminescence Reporter Mouse for Simultaneous in vivo Imaging of T Cell Localization and Function. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3097. [PMID: 30671062 PMCID: PMC6333049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging technologies to visualize the location and functionality of T cells are of great value in immunology. Here, we describe the design and generation of a transgenic mouse in which all T cells constitutively express green-emitting click-beetle luciferase (CBG99) while expression of the red-emitting firefly luciferase (PpyRE9) is induced by Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) such as during T cell activation, which allows multicolor bioluminescence imaging of T cell location and function. This dual-luciferase mouse, which we named TbiLuc, showed high constitutive luciferase expression in lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Ex vivo purified CD8+ and CD4+ T cells both constitutively expressed luciferase, whereas B cells showed no detectable signal. We cross-bred TbiLuc mice to T cell receptor-transgenic OT-I mice to obtain luciferase-expressing naïve CD8+ T cells with defined antigen-specificity. TbiLuc*OT-I T cells showed a fully antigen-specific induction of the T cell activation-dependent luciferase. In vaccinated mice, we visualized T cell localization and activation in vaccine-draining lymph nodes with high sensitivity using two distinct luciferase substrates, D-luciferin and CycLuc1, of which the latter specifically reacts with the PpyRE9 enzyme. This dual-luciferase T cell reporter mouse can be applied in many experimental models studying the location and functional state of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Willem Kleinovink
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Medres, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V., Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Tumor Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oncology, CHUV Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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64
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Mezzanotte L, Iljas JD, Que I, Chan A, Kaijzel E, Hoeben R, Löwik C. Optimized Longitudinal Monitoring of Stem Cell Grafts in Mouse Brain Using a Novel Bioluminescent/Near Infrared Fluorescent Fusion Reporter. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1878-1889. [PMID: 29390874 PMCID: PMC5802635 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717739718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodistribution and fate of transplanted stem cells via longitudinal monitoring has been successfully achieved in the last decade using optical imaging. However, sensitive longitudinal imaging of transplanted stem cells in deep tissue like the brain remains challenging not only due to low light penetration but because of other factors such as low or inferior expression levels of optical reporters in stem cells and stem cell death after transplantation. Here we describe an optimized imaging protocol for sensitive long-term monitoring of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) expressing a novel bioluminescent/near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) fusion reporter transplanted in mouse brain cortex. Lentivirus expressing the luc2-iRFP720 reporter, a fusion between luc2 codon-optimized firefly luciferase (luc2) and the gene encoding NIRF protein iRFP720, was generated to transduce hMSCs. These cells were analyzed for their fluorescent and bioluminescent emission and checked for their differentiation potential. In vivo experiments were performed by transplanting decreasing amounts of luc2-iRFP720 expressing hMSCs in mouse brain, followed by fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) starting 1 wk after cell injection when the blood–brain barrier was restored. Bioluminescent images were acquired when signals peaked and used to compare different luc2 substrate performances, that is, D-luciferin (D-Luc; 25 μM/kg or 943 μM/kg) or CycLuc1 (25 μM/kg). Results showed that luc2-iRFP720 expressing hMSCs maintained a good in vitro differentiation potential toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes, suggesting that lentiviral transduction did not affect cell behavior. Moreover, in vivo experiments allowed us to image as low as 1 × 105 cells using both fluorescence and BLI. The highest bioluminescent signals (∼1 × 107 photons per second) were achieved 15 min after the injection of D-Luc (943 μM/kg). This allowed us to monitor as low as 1 × 105 hMSCs for the subsequent 7 wk without a significant drop in bioluminescent signals, suggesting the sustained viability of hMSCs transplanted into the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezzanotte
- 1 Department of Radiology, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juvita Delancy Iljas
- 2 Percuros BV, Enschede, the Netherlands.,3 Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivo Que
- 4 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- 2 Percuros BV, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Kaijzel
- 4 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Hoeben
- 5 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens Löwik
- 1 Department of Radiology, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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65
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Wireless resonant circuits for the minimally invasive sensing of biophysical processes in magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 3:69-78. [PMID: 30932065 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biological electromagnetic fields arise throughout all tissue depths and types, and correlate with physiological processes and signalling in organs of the body. Most of the methods for monitoring these fields are either highly invasive or spatially coarse. Here, we show that implantable active coil-based transducers that are detectable via magnetic resonance imaging enable the remote sensing of biological fields. These devices consist of inductively coupled resonant circuits that change their properties in response to electrical or photonic cues, thereby modulating the local magnetic resonance imaging signal without the need for onboard power or wired connectivity. We discuss design parameters relevant to the construction of the transducers on millimetre and submillimetre scales, and demonstrate their in vivo functionality for measuring time-resolved bioluminescence in rodent brains. Biophysical sensing via microcircuits that leverage the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging may enable a wide range of biological and biomedical applications.
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67
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Dai Y, Wang G, Chen D, Yin J, Zhan Y, Nie Y, Wu K, Liang J, Chen X. Intravenous Administration-Oriented Pharmacokinetic Model for Dynamic Bioluminescence Imaging. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:843-847. [PMID: 30047868 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2858774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a promising tool for monitoring the growth and metastasis of tumors. However, quantitative BLI research based on intravenous (IV) injection is limited, which greatly restricts its further application. To address this problem, we designed a pharmacokinetic (PK) model which is suitable for applying on IV administration of small amounts of D-Luciferin. METHODS After three weeks of postimplantation, mkn28-luc xenografted mice were subjected to 40-min dynamic BLI immediately following D-Luciferin intravenous injection on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. Furthermore, the PK model was applied on dynamic BLI data to obtain the sum of kinetic rate constants (SKRC). RESULTS Results showed that the SKRC values decreased rapidly with the growth of the tumor. There was a statistical difference between the SKRC values measured at different time points, while the time point of luminous intensity peak was unaffected by the growth of the tumor. CONCLUSION In short, our results imply that dynamic BLI combined with our PK model can predict tumor growth earlier and with higher sensitivity compared to the conventional method, which is crucial for improving drug evaluation efficacy. In addition, the dynamic BLI may provide a valuable reference for the noninvasive acquiring arterial input function, which may also provide a new application prospect for hybrid PET-optical imaging.
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68
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Miller SC, Mofford DM, Adams ST. Lessons Learned from Luminous Luciferins and Latent Luciferases. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1734-1740. [PMID: 29439568 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the broad palette of fluorescent molecules, there are relatively few structures that are competent to support bioluminescence. Here, we focus on recent advances in the development of luminogenic substrates for firefly luciferase. The scope of this light-emitting chemistry has been found to extend well beyond the natural substrate and to include enzymes incapable of luciferase activity with d-luciferin. The broadening range of luciferin analogues and evolving insight into the bioluminescent reaction offer new opportunities for the construction of powerful optical reporters of use in live cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - David M. Mofford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Spencer T. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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69
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Pan W, Dong J, Chen P, Zhang B, Li Z, Chen L. Development and application of bioluminescence imaging for the influenza A virus. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2230-S2237. [PMID: 30116602 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.02.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal epidemics and intermittent pandemics which threaten human health. Conventional assays cannot meet the demands for rapid and sensitive detection of viral spread and pathogenesis in real time cannot be used for high-throughput screens of novel antivirals. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of infectious diseases in animal models. The advent of influenza reverse genetics has enabled the incorporation of bioluminescent reporter proteins into replication-competent IAVs. This review briefly describes the current development and applications of bioluminescence in the study of viral infections and antiviral therapeutics for IAVs. BLI is expected to substantially accelerate the basic and applied research of IAV both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Ji Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Peihai Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Beiwu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhixia Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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70
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Comenge J, Sharkey J, Fragueiro O, Wilm B, Brust M, Murray P, Levy R, Plagge A. Multimodal cell tracking from systemic administration to tumour growth by combining gold nanorods and reporter genes. eLife 2018; 7:33140. [PMID: 29949503 PMCID: PMC6021173 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fate of exogenous cells after implantation is important for clinical applications. Preclinical studies allow imaging of cell location and survival. Labelling with nanoparticles enables high sensitivity detection, but cell division and cell death cause signal dilution and false positives. By contrast, genetic reporter signals are amplified by cell division. Here, we characterise lentivirus-based bi-cistronic reporter gene vectors and silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) as synergistic tools for cell labelling and tracking. Co-expression of the bioluminescence reporter luciferase and the optoacoustic reporter near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP720 enabled cell tracking over time in mice. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) showed immediate biodistribution of GNR-labelled cells after intracardiac injection and successive clearance of GNRs (day 1–15) with high resolution, while optoacoustic iRFP720 detection indicated tumour growth (day 10–40). This multimodal cell tracking approach could be applied widely for cancer and regenerative medicine research to monitor short- and long-term biodistribution, tumour formation and metastasis. Many scientists are studying the possibility of using human cells to treat diseases. For example, using stem cells to regenerate damaged body parts or genetically engineered immune cells to destroy cancer. Scientists need new tools to track what happens to these cells once they have been injected into a laboratory animal. This will help them understand how they work and make sure these potential treatments are safe. One concern with using cells as a treatment is that they might form cancerous tumors. To track these cells in a laboratory animal, scientists need two things: a way to distinguish the treatment cells from the animal’s normal cells and an imaging tool that allows them to see where the cells are in a living animal. One way to differentiate treatment cells from normal cells is to genetically engineer them to make a fluorescent protein called iRFP720. Another way is to fill the cells with gold nanorods. Both, the fluorescent protein and the gold nanorods, absorb light in the infrared range. Scientists can use a technique called multispectral optoacoustic tomography, which transforms infrared light into ultrasound signals to create an image, to see where these markers are in the body. Now, Comenge et al. showed that the gold nanorods and multispectral optoacoustic tomography track the cells immediately after injection into the blood stream of a mouse. Most of the injected cells die within a few days, and the nanorods are progressively eliminated from the body through the liver. But some of the injected cells live on, multiply, and form tumors within a month. This was expected because the cells they used were chosen for their ability to sometimes form tumors. Using multispectral optoacoustic tomography to track the cells making iRFP720, Comenge et al. were able to see exactly where the tumors are deep inside the body. Together, gold nanorods and iRFP720 could allow scientists to track where the cell-based therapies for cancer or other diseases go in the short and long term. This may help them prove whether these treatments work, and whether they have harmful effects. Comenge et al. are helping other scientists to use these techniques by distributing their tool for making iRFP720-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Comenge
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Oihane Fragueiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Brust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Levy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Antonius Plagge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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71
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Schramm S, Karothu DP, Raj G, Laptenok SP, Solntsev KM, Naumov P. Turning on Solid-State Fluorescence with Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9538-9542. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schramm
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Gijo Raj
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sergey P. Laptenok
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Kyril M. Solntsev
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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72
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Schramm S, Karothu DP, Raj G, Laptenok SP, Solntsev KM, Naumov P. Anschalten von Festkörperfluoreszenz mit Licht. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schramm
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Gijo Raj
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sergey P. Laptenok
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Kyril M. Solntsev
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box; 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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73
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Visualizing Viral Infection In Vivo by Multi-Photon Intravital Microscopy. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060337. [PMID: 29925766 PMCID: PMC6024644 DOI: 10.3390/v10060337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogens have adapted to the host organism to exploit the cellular machinery for virus replication and to modulate the host cells for efficient systemic dissemination and immune evasion. Much of our knowledge of the effects that virus infections have on cells originates from in vitro imaging studies using experimental culture systems consisting of cell lines and primary cells. Recently, intravital microscopy using multi-photon excitation of fluorophores has been applied to observe virus dissemination and pathogenesis in real-time under physiological conditions in living organisms. Critical steps during viral infection and pathogenesis could be studied by direct visualization of fluorescent virus particles, virus-infected cells, and the immune response to viral infection. In this review, I summarize the latest research on in vivo studies of viral infections using multi-photon intravital microscopy (MP-IVM). Initially, the underlying principle of multi-photon microscopy is introduced and experimental challenges during microsurgical animal preparation and fluorescent labeling strategies for intravital imaging are discussed. I will further highlight recent studies that combine MP-IVM with optogenetic tools and transcriptional analysis as a powerful approach to extend the significance of in vivo imaging studies of viral pathogens.
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74
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Lamid-Ochir O, Nakajima T, Miyazaki M, Zhang X, Erdene K, Murakami T, Tsushima Y. Bioluminescence Image as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker for Preclinical Evaluation of Cryoablation in a Murine Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:1034-1040. [PMID: 29884506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To employ bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as a quantitative imaging biomarker to assess preclinical evaluation of cryoablation in a murine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, Colon26-Luc (C26-Luc) cells were seeded at 6 different concentrations in 35-mm dishes. These were divided into 6 groups: group 0 (G0), a control group without treatment; and groups 1-5 (G1-G5) according to the number of freeze-thaw cycles, with each cycle consisting of freezing at -80°C for 10 min followed by thawing at room temperature for 5 minutes. BLI and flow-cytometric analysis were performed after cryotherapy. In vivo, 20 tumor-bearing mice with C26-Luc cells were divided into 4 groups: group 0 (G0), a control group; and groups 1-3 (G1-G3) according to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. Each cryoablation procedure was performed for 30 seconds with liquid nitrogen (-170°C) applied with cotton-tipped applicators. BLI was acquired at 6 hours and 1, 3, and 7 days after treatments. RESULTS In vitro, BLI signal showed a negative correlation with the number of freeze-thaw cycles (r = -0.86, P = .02). In vivo, there was no difference in tumor volume at 1 day after cryoablation among all groups, but the BLI signals were significantly different between G0 and G2/G3 (P = .03 and P = .02, respectively) and between G1 and G3 (P = .04). BLI signals reflected tumor growth speed and survival ratio. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the direct validation of BLI as a quantitative tool for the early assessment of therapeutic effects of cryoablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyunbold Lamid-Ochir
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Masaya Miyazaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Xieyi Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Khongorzul Erdene
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan; Research Program for Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
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75
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Cheng YY, Liu YJ. Theoretical Development of Near-Infrared Bioluminescent Systems. Chemistry 2018; 24:9340-9352. [PMID: 29710377 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The luciferin/luciferase system of the firefly has been used in bioluminescent imaging to monitor biological processes. In order to enhance the efficiency and expand the application range, some efforts have been made to tune the light emission, especially the effort to obtain NIR light. However, those case-by-case studies have not together revealed the nature and mechanism of the color tuning. In this paper, we theoretically investigated the fluorescence of all kinds of typical oxyluciferin analogues. The present systematical modifications of both oxyluciferin and luciferase indicate that the essential factor affecting the emission color is the charge distribution (or the electric dipole moment) on the oxyluciferin, which impacts on the charge transfer to form the light emitter and, subsequently, influence the strength and wavelength of the emission light. More negative charge distributed on the "thiazolone moiety" of the oxyluciferin or its analogues leads to a redshift. Based on this conclusion, we theoretically designed optimal pairs of luciferin analogue and luciferase for emitting NIR light, which could inspire new synthetic procedures and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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76
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Kooreman NG, Kim Y, de Almeida PE, Termglinchan V, Diecke S, Shao NY, Wei TT, Yi H, Dey D, Nelakanti R, Brouwer TP, Paik DT, Sagiv-Barfi I, Han A, Quax PHA, Hamming JF, Levy R, Davis MM, Wu JC. Autologous iPSC-Based Vaccines Elicit Anti-tumor Responses In Vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:501-513.e7. [PMID: 29456158 PMCID: PMC6134179 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells and embryonic tissues share a number of cellular and molecular properties, suggesting that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be harnessed to elicit anti-tumor responses in cancer vaccines. RNA sequencing revealed that human and murine iPSCs express tumor-associated antigens, and we show here a proof of principle for using irradiated iPSCs in autologous anti-tumor vaccines. In a prophylactic setting, iPSC vaccines prevent tumor growth in syngeneic murine breast cancer, mesothelioma, and melanoma models. As an adjuvant, the iPSC vaccine inhibited melanoma recurrence at the resection site and reduced metastatic tumor load, which was associated with fewer Th17 cells and increased CD11b+GR1hi myeloid cells. Adoptive transfer of T cells isolated from vaccine-treated tumor-bearing mice inhibited tumor growth in unvaccinated recipients, indicating that the iPSC vaccine promotes an antigen-specific anti-tumor T cell response. Our data suggest an easy, generalizable strategy for multiple types of cancer that could prove highly valuable in clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Kooreman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Youngkyun Kim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Patricia E de Almeida
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vittavat Termglinchan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sebastian Diecke
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rossle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tzu-Tang Wei
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyoju Yi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Devaveena Dey
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Raman Nelakanti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas P Brouwer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - David T Paik
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Idit Sagiv-Barfi
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arnold Han
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap F Hamming
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Levy
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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77
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Pozzo T, Akter F, Nomura Y, Louie AY, Yokobayashi Y. Firefly Luciferase Mutant with Enhanced Activity and Thermostability. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2628-2633. [PMID: 30023842 PMCID: PMC6044891 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The luciferase isolated from the firefly Photinus pyralis (Ppy) catalyzes a two-step reaction that results in the oxidation of d-luciferin accompanied by emission of yellow-green light with a peak at 560 nm. Among many applications, Ppy luciferase has been used extensively as a reporter gene in living cells and organisms. However, some biological applications are limited by the low stability of the luciferase and limited intracellular luciferin concentration. To address these challenges, efforts to protein engineer Ppy luciferase have resulted in a number of mutants with improved properties such as thermostability, pH tolerance, and catalytic turn over. In this work, we combined amino acid mutations that were shown to enhance the enzyme's thermostability (Mutant E) with those reported to enhance catalytic activity (LGR). The resulting mutant (YY5) contained eight amino acid changes from the wild-type luciferase and exhibited both improved thermostability and brighter luminescence at low luciferin concentrations. Therefore, YY5 may be useful for reporter gene applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pozzo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Farhima Akter
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Nucleic
Acid Chemistry and Engineering Unit, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904 0495, Japan
| | - Angelique Y. Louie
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yohei Yokobayashi
- Nucleic
Acid Chemistry and Engineering Unit, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904 0495, Japan
- E-mail:
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78
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Zhang BS, Jones KA, McCutcheon DC, Prescher JA. Pyridone Luciferins and Mutant Luciferases for Bioluminescence Imaging. Chembiochem 2018; 19:470-477. [PMID: 29384255 PMCID: PMC6163054 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
New applications for bioluminescence imaging require an expanded set of luciferase enzymes and luciferin substrates. Here, we report two novel luciferins for use in vitro and in cells. These molecules comprise regioisomeric pyridone cores that can be accessed from a common synthetic route. The analogues exhibited unique emission spectra with firefly luciferase, although photon intensities remained weak. Enhanced light outputs were achieved by using mutant luciferase enzymes. One of the luciferin-luciferase pairs produced light on par with native probes in live cells. The pyridone analogues and complementary luciferases add to a growing set of designer probes for bioluminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan S. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA),
| | - Krysten A. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA)
| | - David C. McCutcheon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA),
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA),
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 147 Bison Modular, Irvine, CA 92697 (USA)
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79
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Kitada N, Saitoh T, Ikeda Y, Iwano S, Obata R, Niwa H, Hirano T, Miyawaki A, Suzuki K, Nishiyama S, Maki SA. Toward bioluminescence in the near-infrared region: Tuning the emission wavelength of firefly luciferin analogues by allyl substitution. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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80
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Iwano S, Sugiyama M, Hama H, Watakabe A, Hasegawa N, Kuchimaru T, Tanaka KZ, Takahashi M, Ishida Y, Hata J, Shimozono S, Namiki K, Fukano T, Kiyama M, Okano H, Kizaka-Kondoh S, McHugh TJ, Yamamori T, Hioki H, Maki S, Miyawaki A. Single-cell bioluminescence imaging of deep tissue in freely moving animals. Science 2018; 359:935-939. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaq1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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81
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Kiyama M, Iwano S, Otsuka S, Lu SW, Obata R, Miyawaki A, Hirano T, Maki SA. Quantum yield improvement of red-light-emitting firefly luciferin analogues for in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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82
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Kaskova ZM, Tsarkova AS, Yampolsky IV. 1001 lights: luciferins, luciferases, their mechanisms of action and applications in chemical analysis, biology and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6048-6077. [PMID: 27711774 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence (BL) is a spectacular phenomenon involving light emission by live organisms. It is caused by the oxidation of a small organic molecule, luciferin, with molecular oxygen, which is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase. In nature, there are approximately 30 different BL systems, of which only 9 have been studied to various degrees in terms of their reaction mechanisms. A vast range of in vitro and in vivo analytical techniques have been developed based on BL, including tests for different analytes, immunoassays, gene expression assays, drug screening, bioimaging of live organisms, cancer studies, the investigation of infectious diseases and environmental monitoring. This review aims to cover the major existing applications for bioluminescence in the context of the diversity of luciferases and their substrates, luciferins. Particularly, the properties and applications of d-luciferin, coelenterazine, bacterial, Cypridina and dinoflagellate luciferins and their analogues along with their corresponding luciferases are described. Finally, four other rarely studied bioluminescent systems (those of limpet Latia, earthworms Diplocardia and Fridericia and higher fungi), which are promising for future use, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida M Kaskova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandra S Tsarkova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ilia V Yampolsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia. and Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
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83
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Hall MP, Woodroofe CC, Wood MG, Que I, Van't Root M, Ridwan Y, Shi C, Kirkland TA, Encell LP, Wood KV, Löwik C, Mezzanotte L. Click beetle luciferase mutant and near infrared naphthyl-luciferins for improved bioluminescence imaging. Nat Commun 2018; 9:132. [PMID: 29317625 PMCID: PMC5760652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of bioluminescence imaging in animals is primarily dependent on the amount of photons emitted by the luciferase enzyme at wavelengths greater than 620 nm where tissue penetration is high. This area of work has been dominated by firefly luciferase and its substrate, D-luciferin, due to the system's peak emission (~ 600 nm), high signal to noise ratio, and generally favorable biodistribution of D-luciferin in mice. Here we report on the development of a codon optimized mutant of click beetle red luciferase that produces substantially more light output than firefly luciferase when the two enzymes are compared in transplanted cells within the skin of black fur mice or in deep brain. The mutant enzyme utilizes two new naphthyl-luciferin substrates to produce near infrared emission (730 nm and 743 nm). The stable luminescence signal and near infrared emission enable unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy for performing deep tissue multispectral tomography in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Hall
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Carolyn C Woodroofe
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | | | - Ivo Que
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Van't Root
- Optical molecular imaging, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Optical molecular imaging, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ce Shi
- Promega Biosciences Incorporated, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93401, USA
| | | | | | | | - Clemens Löwik
- Optical molecular imaging, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical molecular imaging, Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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84
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Zhu H, Kauffman ME, Trush MA, Jia Z, Li YR. A Simple Bioluminescence Imaging Method for Studying Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis after Subcutaneous Injection of Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells in Syngeneic C57BL/6 Mice. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2018; 5:118-125. [PMID: 29780885 DOI: 10.20455/ros.2018.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging of cancer cell growth and invasion is instrumental in studying cancer cell behavior and in developing effective anticancer agents. In this ROS Protocols article, we report the experimental protocol and steps involving the implantation of luciferase-expressing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells in normal syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Using the Berthold NightOwl LB981 in vivo imaging system, we observe the time-dependent growth and invasion of the lung cancer cells following subcutaneous injection of luciferase-expressing LLC cells. The three-dimensional image and counts of photon emission of the tumor mass are obtained to estimate the relative size of the tumor. Ex vivo imaging of the isolated lungs supplemented with D-luciferin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is obtained to determine lung metastasis of the LLC cells. The LLC cell load in entire mouse lungs is further determined by quantitative bioluminometry with a concurrently run standard curve of the number of LLC cells versus bioluminescence intensity. This in vivo imaging system in live mice, in combination with ex vivo imaging of isolated lungs as well as quantitative bioluminometry of target tissues, may provide important information on the in vivo cancer cell dynamics in immunocompetent syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and offer a valuable tool for studying experimental anticancer agents, including redox-modulating compounds, which are promising anticancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Megan E Kauffman
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Michael A Trush
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.,Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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85
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Burns SS, Chang LS. Generation of Noninvasive, Quantifiable, Orthotopic Animal Models for NF2-Associated Schwannoma and Meningioma. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1427:59-72. [PMID: 27259921 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3615-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Schwannomas and meningiomas are nervous system tumors that can occur sporadically or in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Mutations of the Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene are frequently observed in these tumors. Schwannomas and meningiomas cause significant morbidities, and an FDA-approved medical therapy is currently not available. The development of preclinical animal models that accurately capture the clinical characteristics of these tumors will facilitate the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of these tumors, ultimately leading to more productive clinical trials. Here, we describe the generation of luciferase-expressing NF2-deficient schwannoma and meningioma cells and the use of these cells to establish orthotopic tumor models in immunodeficient mice. The growth of these tumors and their response to treatment can be measured effectively by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and confirmed by small-animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These and other animal models, such as genetically-engineered models, should substantially advance the investigation of promising therapies for schwannomas and meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Burns
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, WA-5104, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Long-Sheng Chang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, WA-5104, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA. .,Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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86
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Hananya N, Shabat D. A Glowing Trajectory between Bio- and Chemiluminescence: From Luciferin-Based Probes to Triggerable Dioxetanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16454-16463. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Hananya
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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87
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Hananya N, Shabat D. Bio- und Chemilumineszenz in der biologischen Bildgebung: von Luciferin-basierten Sonden zu aktivierbaren Dioxetanen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Hananya
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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88
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Suzuki K, Nagai T. Recent progress in expanding the chemiluminescent toolbox for bioimaging. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:135-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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89
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Cortés M, Sanchez-Moral L, de Barrios O, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Martínez-Campanario MC, Esteve-Codina A, Darling DS, Győrffy B, Lawrence T, Dean DC, Postigo A. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) depend on ZEB1 for their cancer-promoting roles. EMBO J 2017; 36:3336-3355. [PMID: 29038174 PMCID: PMC5686549 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) associates with malignant progression in cancer. However, the mechanisms that drive the pro-tumor functions of TAMs are not fully understood. ZEB1 is best known for driving an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells to promote tumor progression. However, a role for ZEB1 in macrophages and TAMs has not been studied. Here we describe that TAMs require ZEB1 for their tumor-promoting and chemotherapy resistance functions in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. Only TAMs that expressed full levels of Zeb1 accelerated tumor growth. Mechanistically, ZEB1 expression in TAMs induced their polarization toward an F4/80low pro-tumor phenotype, including direct activation of Ccr2 In turn, expression of ZEB1 by TAMs induced Ccl2, Cd74, and a mesenchymal/stem-like phenotype in cancer cells. In human ovarian carcinomas, TAM infiltration and CCR2 expression correlated with ZEB1 in tumor cells, where along with CCL2 and CD74 determined poorer prognosis. Importantly, ZEB1 in TAMs was a factor of poorer survival in human ovarian carcinomas. These data establish ZEB1 as a key factor in the tumor microenvironment and for maintaining TAMs' tumor-promoting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Cortés
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Moral
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol de Barrios
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M C Martínez-Campanario
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science & Technology, and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Department of Oral Immunology, and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, and Semmelweis University 2 Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM U1104 and CNRS MR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, USA
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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90
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Sharma DK, Adams ST, Liebmann KL, Miller SC. Rapid Access to a Broad Range of 6'-Substituted Firefly Luciferin Analogues Reveals Surprising Emitters and Inhibitors. Org Lett 2017; 19:5836-5839. [PMID: 29039673 PMCID: PMC5836729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting firefly luciferin analogues contain electron-donating groups in the 6'-position, but the scope of known 6'-substitution remains narrow. A two-step route to a broad range of 6'-substituted luciferin analogues was developed to fill this void and enable more extensive study of the 6'-functionality. This chemistry allowed direct access to "caged" amide and bright azetidine analogues, but also revealed thioether inhibitors and unexpectedly luminogenic aryl amine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Spencer T. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Kate L. Liebmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Stephen C. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St., Worcester, MA 01605
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91
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Zhu H, Jia Z, Trush MA, Li YR. In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Nuclear Factor kappaB Activation: A Valuable Model for Studying Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress in Live Mice. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2017; 4:382-388. [PMID: 29732415 PMCID: PMC5931218 DOI: 10.20455/ros.2017.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that plays a critical role in inflammation among other biological functions. This ROS Protocol article describes an in vivo bioluminescence imaging assay for assessing NF-κB activation using the commercially available transgenic mice carrying NF-κB response element-luciferase reporter gene (NF-κB-RE-Luc). Using the highly sensitive Berthold NightOwl LB981 in vivo bioluminescence imaging system, we are able to visualize the NF-κB activation in live mice under basal conditions, suggesting constitutive activation of NF-κB as a part of its fundamental biology. Treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) results in a drastic increase in bioluminescence, proving the validity of the model in assessing inflammatory stress. Treatment of mice with 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), an activator of nuclear factor E-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), led to a significant reduction in both basal and LPS-induced activation of NF-κB in the live mice, suggesting a value of this model in assessing drug efficacy in suppressing NF-κB activation and inflammatory stress. The protocols of this valuable model are detailed in this article along with a discussion of its potential use in studying disease conditions involving inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms and in assessing therapeutic modalities targeting the NF-κB signaling for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Michael A Trush
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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92
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Yeh HW, Karmach O, Ji A, Carter D, Martins-Green MM, Ai HW. Red-shifted luciferase-luciferin pairs for enhanced bioluminescence imaging. Nat Methods 2017; 14:971-974. [PMID: 28869756 PMCID: PMC5678970 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Red-shifted bioluminescence reporters are desirable for biological imaging. We describe the development of red-shifted luciferins based on synthetic coelenterazine analogs and corresponding mutants of NanoLuc that enable bright bioluminescence. One pair in particular shows superior sensitivity over other commonly used bioluminescence reporters in vitro and in vivo. This pair was adapted to develop a bioluminescence resonance energy-based Antares reporter called Antares2, which offers improved signal from deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Wei Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics and Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Omran Karmach
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ao Ji
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - David Carter
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Manuela M Martins-Green
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.,Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Hui-Wang Ai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics and Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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93
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Hengst JA, Dick TE, Sharma A, Doi K, Hegde S, Tan SF, Geffert LM, Fox TE, Sharma AK, Desai D, Amin S, Kester M, Loughran TP, Paulson RF, Claxton DF, Wang HG, Yun JK. SKI-178: A Multitargeted Inhibitor of Sphingosine Kinase and Microtubule Dynamics Demonstrating Therapeutic Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Models. CANCER TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:109-121. [PMID: 28890935 DOI: 10.4103/ctm.ctm_7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To further characterize the selectivity, mechanism-of-action and therapeutic efficacy of the novel small molecule inhibitor, SKI-178. METHODS Using the state-of-the-art Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) technique to detect "direct target engagement" of proteins intact cells, in vitro and in vivo assays, pharmacological assays and multiple mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate that SKI-178 directly target engages both Sphingosine Kinase 1 and 2. We also present evidence that, in addition to its actions as a Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitor, SKI-178 functions as a microtubule network disrupting agent both in vitro and in intact cells. Interestingly, we separately demonstrate that simultaneous SphK inhibition and microtubule disruption synergistically induces apoptosis in AML cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SKI-178 is well tolerated in normal healthy mice. Most importantly, we demonstrate that SKI-178 has therapeutic efficacy in several mouse models of AML. CONCLUSION SKI-178 is a multi-targeted agent that functions both as an inhibitor of the SphKs as well as a disruptor of the microtubule network. SKI-178 induced apoptosis arises from a synergistic interaction of these two activities. SKI-178 is safe and effective in mouse models of AML, supporting its further development as a multi-targeted anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Taryn E Dick
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kenichiro Doi
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shailaja Hegde
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura M Geffert
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Department of Hematology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jong K Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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94
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Rathbun CM, Prescher JA. Bioluminescent Probes for Imaging Biology beyond the Culture Dish. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5178-5184. [PMID: 28745860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence with luciferase-luciferin pairs is an attractive method for surveying cells in live tissues and whole organisms. Recent advances in luciferin chemistry and luciferase engineering are further expanding the scope of the technology. It is now possible to spy on cells in a variety of deep tissues and visualize multicellular interactions, feats that are enabling new questions to be asked and new ideas to be explored. This perspective piece highlights recent successes in bioluminescent probe development and their applications to imaging in live cells, tissues, and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M Rathbun
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jennifer A Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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95
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Abstract
ATP, the energy exchange factor that connects anabolism and catabolism, is required for major reactions and processes that occur in living cells, such as muscle contraction, phosphorylation and active transport. ATP is also the key molecule in extracellular purinergic signaling mechanisms, with an established crucial role in inflammation and several additional disease conditions. Here, we describe detailed protocols to measure the ATP concentration in isolated living cells and animals using luminescence techniques based on targeted luciferase probes. In the presence of magnesium, oxygen and ATP, the protein luciferase catalyzes oxidation of the substrate luciferin, which is associated with light emission. Recombinantly expressed wild-type luciferase is exclusively cytosolic; however, adding specific targeting sequences can modify its cellular localization. Using this strategy, we have constructed luciferase chimeras targeted to the mitochondrial matrix and the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Here, we describe optimized protocols for monitoring ATP concentrations in the cytosol, mitochondrial matrix and pericellular space in living cells via an overall procedure that requires an average of 3 d. In addition, we present a detailed protocol for the in vivo detection of extracellular ATP in mice using luciferase-transfected reporter cells. This latter procedure may require up to 25 d to complete.
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96
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Mezzanotte L, van 't Root M, Karatas H, Goun EA, Löwik CWGM. In Vivo Molecular Bioluminescence Imaging: New Tools and Applications. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:640-652. [PMID: 28501458 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLi) is an optical molecular imaging technique used to visualize molecular and cellular processes in health and diseases and to follow the fate of cells with high sensitivity using luciferase-based gene reporters. The high sensitivity of this technique arises from efficient photon production, followed by the reaction between luciferase enzymes and luciferin substrates. Novel discoveries and developments of luciferase reporters, substrates, and gene-editing techniques, and emerging fields of applications, promise a new era of deeper and more sensitive molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Moniek van 't Root
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hacer Karatas
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena A Goun
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Optical Molecular imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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97
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Chen P, Zheng Z, Zhu Y, Dong Y, Wang F, Liang G. Bioluminescent Turn-On Probe for Sensing Hypochlorite in Vitro and in Tumors. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5693-5696. [PMID: 28485134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-) is one of the most important reactive oxygen species but using a BL probe for its selective detection (or imaging) still remains challenging. Herein, we report a latent BL probe benzoylhydrazine luciferin (1) for highly selective detection of ClO- in vitro and imaging ClO- in living cells and tumors. In vitro tests indicated that 1 could be applied for highly selective detection of ClO- within the range of 0-62.5 μM with a limit of detection of 0.705 μM. Using these unique features of 1, we successfully applied it to image ClO- in living cells and tumors. We envision that probe 1 might be applied to elucidate the biological roles of ClO- in wider physiological and pathological processes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Analysis Center, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yu Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.,Analysis Center, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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98
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Wu W, Su J, Tang C, Bai H, Ma Z, Zhang T, Yuan Z, Li Z, Zhou W, Zhang H, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Du L, Gu L, Li M. cybLuc: An Effective Aminoluciferin Derivative for Deep Bioluminescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4808-4816. [PMID: 28378575 PMCID: PMC5417088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the efficiency of firefly luciferase/luciferin bioluminescence imaging, a series of N-cycloalkylaminoluciferins (cyaLucs) were developed by introducing lipophilic N-cycloalkylated substitutions. The experimental results demonstrate that these cyaLucs are effective substrates for native firefly luciferase (Fluc) and can produce elevated bioluminescent signals in vitro, in cellulo, and in vivo. It should be noted that, in animal studies, N-cyclobutylaminoluciferin (cybLuc) at 10 μM (0.1 mL), which is 0.01% of the standard dose of d-luciferin (dLuc) used in mouse imaging, can radiate 20-fold more bioluminescent light than d-luciferin (dLuc) or aminoluciferin (aLuc) at the same concentration. Longer in vivo emission imaging using cybLuc suggests that it can be used for long-time observation. Regarding the mechanism of cybLuc, our cocrystal structure data from firefly luciferase with oxidized cybLuc suggested that oxidized cybLuc fits into the same pocket as oxyluciferin. Most interestingly, our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of cybLuc in brain tumor imaging contributes to its extended application in deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Wu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jing Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Faculty
of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Chunchao Tang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Haixiu Bai
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tianchao Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zenglin Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Faculty
of Light Industry, Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department
of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders,
School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Huateng Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders,
School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center
for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Lupei Du
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lichuan Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School
of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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99
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Wainwright DA, Horbinski CM, Hashizume R, James CD. Therapeutic Hypothesis Testing With Rodent Brain Tumor Models. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14:385-392. [PMID: 28321824 PMCID: PMC5398994 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and application of rodent models for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics and approaches for treating brain tumors has been a mainstay of neuro-oncology preclinical research for decades, and is likely to remain so into the foreseeable future. These models serve as an important point of entry for analyzing the potential efficacy of experimental therapies that are being considered for clinical trial evaluation. Although rodent brain tumor models have seen substantial change, particularly since the introduction of genetically engineered mouse models, certain principles associated with the use of these models for therapeutic testing are enduring, and form the basis for this review. Here we discuss the most common rodent brain tumor models while directing specific attention to their usefulness in preclinical evaluation of experimental therapies. These models include genetically engineered mice that spontaneously or inducibly develop brain tumors; syngeneic rodent models in which cultured tumor cells are engrafted into the same strain of rodent from which they were derived; and patient-derived xenograft models in which human tumor cells are engrafted in immunocompromised rodents. The emphasis of this review is directed to the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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100
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Jones KA, Porterfield WB, Rathbun CM, McCutcheon DC, Paley MA, Prescher JA. Orthogonal Luciferase-Luciferin Pairs for Bioluminescence Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2351-2358. [PMID: 28106389 PMCID: PMC5452985 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging with luciferase-luciferin pairs is widely used in biomedical research. Several luciferases have been identified in nature, and many have been adapted for tracking cells in whole animals. Unfortunately, the optimal luciferases for imaging in vivo utilize the same substrate and therefore cannot easily differentiate multiple cell types in a single subject. To develop a broader set of distinguishable probes, we crafted custom luciferins that can be selectively processed by engineered luciferases. Libraries of mutant enzymes were iteratively screened with sterically modified luciferins, and orthogonal enzyme-substrate "hits" were identified. These tools produced light when complementary enzyme-substrate partners interacted both in vitro and in cultured cell models. Based on their selectivity, these designer pairs will bolster multicomponent imaging and enable the direct interrogation of cell networks not currently possible with existing tools. Our screening platform is also general and will expedite the identification of more unique luciferases and luciferins, further expanding the bioluminescence toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysten A. Jones
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Colin M. Rathbun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Miranda A. Paley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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