51
|
Devkota T, Brown BS, Beane G, Yu K, Hartland GV. Making waves: Radiation damping in metallic nanostructures. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:080901. [PMID: 31470703 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanostructures display several types of resonances. In the visible and near-IR spectral regions, there are localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) that involve the coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons. Extended metal nanostructures, such as nanowires or nanoplates, also exhibit propagating surface plasmon polaritons (PSPPs), which are motions of the electrons at the surface of the structure that have a well-defined momentum. In addition, the vibrational normal modes of metal nanostructures give rise to low frequency resonances in the gigahertz to terahertz range. These different types of motions/resonances suffer energy losses from internal effects and from interactions with the environment. The goal of this perspective is to describe the part of the energy relaxation process due to the environment. Even though the plasmon resonances and acoustic vibrational modes arise from very different physics, it turns out that environmental damping is dominated by radiation of waves. The way the rates for radiation damping depend on the size of the nanostructure and the properties of the environment will be discussed for the different processes. For example, it is well known that for LSPRs, the rate of radiation damping increases with particle size. However, the radiation damping rate decreases with increasing dimensions for PSPPs and for the acoustic vibrational modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuphan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brendan S Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gary Beane
- ARC Center of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronic Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kuai Yu
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang PL, Xie LH, Joseph EA, Li JR, Su XO, Zhou HC. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Food Safety. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10638-10690. [PMID: 31361477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Food safety is a prevalent concern around the world. As such, detection, removal, and control of risks and hazardous substances present from harvest to consumption will always be necessary. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of functional materials, possess unique physical and chemical properties, demonstrating promise in food safety applications. In this review, the synthesis and porosity of MOFs are first introduced by some representative examples that pertain to the field of food safety. Following that, the application of MOFs and MOF-based materials in food safety monitoring, food processing, covering preservation, sanitation, and packaging is overviewed. Future perspectives, as well as potential opportunities and challenges faced by MOFs in this field will also be discussed. This review aims to promote the development and progress of MOF chemistry and application research in the field of food safety, potentially leading to novel solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Long Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Hua Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , P. R. China
| | - Elizabeth A Joseph
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , P.O. Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , P.O. Box 30012, College Station , Texas 77842-3012 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Weiss VU, Pogan R, Zoratto S, Bond KM, Boulanger P, Jarrold MF, Lyktey N, Pahl D, Puffler N, Schelhaas M, Selivanovitch E, Uetrecht C, Allmaier G. Virus-like particle size and molecular weight/mass determination applying gas-phase electrophoresis (native nES GEMMA). Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5951-5962. [PMID: 31280479 PMCID: PMC6706367 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(Bio-)nanoparticle analysis employing a nano-electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analyzer (native nES GEMMA) also known as nES differential mobility analyzer (nES DMA) is based on surface-dry analyte separation at ambient pressure. Based on electrophoretic principles, single-charged nanoparticles are separated according to their electrophoretic mobility diameter (EMD) corresponding to the particle size for spherical analytes. Subsequently, it is possible to correlate the (bio-)nanoparticle EMDs to their molecular weight (MW) yielding a corresponding fitted curve for an investigated analyte class. Based on such a correlation, (bio-)nanoparticle MW determination via its EMD within one analyte class is possible. Turning our attention to icosahedral, non-enveloped virus-like particles (VLPs), proteinaceous shells, we set up an EMD/MW correlation. We employed native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (native ESI MS) to obtain MW values of investigated analytes, where possible, after extensive purification. We experienced difficulties in native ESI MS with time-of-flight (ToF) detection to determine MW due to sample inherent characteristics, which was not the case for charge detection (CDMS). nES GEMMA exceeds CDMS in speed of analysis and is likewise less dependent on sample purity and homogeneity. Hence, gas-phase electrophoresis yields calculated MW values in good approximation even when charge resolution was not obtained in native ESI ToF MS. Therefore, both methods-native nES GEMMA-based MW determination via an analyte class inherent EMD/MW correlation and native ESI MS-in the end relate (bio-)nanoparticle MW values. However, they differ significantly in, e.g., ease of instrument operation, sample and analyte handling, or costs of instrumentation. Graphical abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor U Weiss
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ronja Pogan
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Samuele Zoratto
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin M Bond
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Pascale Boulanger
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Nicholas Lyktey
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Dominik Pahl
- Institute of Cellular Virology, WWU Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Puffler
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Schelhaas
- Institute of Cellular Virology, WWU Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Selivanovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistraße 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Günter Allmaier
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Yuksel M, Orhan E, Yanik C, Ari AB, Demir A, Hanay MS. Nonlinear Nanomechanical Mass Spectrometry at the Single-Nanoparticle Level. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3583-3589. [PMID: 31117750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have emerged as a promising technology for performing the mass spectrometry of large biomolecules and nanoparticles. As nanoscale objects land on NEMS sensors one by one, they induce resolvable shifts in the resonance frequency of the sensor proportional to their weight. The operational regime of NEMS sensors is often limited by the onset of nonlinearity, beyond which the highly sensitive schemes based on frequency tracking by phase-locked loops cannot be readily used. Here, we develop a measurement architecture with which to operate at the nonlinear regime and measure frequency shifts induced by analytes in a rapid and sensitive manner. We used this architecture to individually characterize the mass of gold nanoparticles and verified the results by performing independent measurements of the same nanoparticles based on linear mass sensing. Once the feasibility of the technique is established, we have obtained the mass spectrum of a 20 nm gold nanoparticle sample by individually recording about 500 single-particle events using two modes working sequentially in the nonlinear regime. The technique obtained here can be used for thin nanomechanical structures that possess a limited dynamic range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cenk Yanik
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center , 34956 Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Alper Demir
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Koc University , 34450 Istanbul , Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Venkatasubramanian A, Sauer VTK, Westwood-Bachman JN, Cui K, Xia M, Wishart DS, Hiebert WK. Porous Nanophotonic Optomechanical Beams for Enhanced Mass Adsorption. ACS Sens 2019; 4:1197-1202. [PMID: 30942578 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a porous silicon nanocantilever for a nano-optomechanical system (NOMS) with a universal sensing surface for enhanced sensitivity. Using electron beam lithography, we selectively applied a V2O5/HF stain etch to the mechanical elements while protecting the silicon-on-insulator photonic ring resonators. This simple, rapid, and electrodeless approach generates tunable device porosity simultaneously with the mechanical release step. By controlling the porous etchant concentration and etch time, the porous etch depth, resonant frequency, and the adsorption surface area could be precisely manipulated. Using this control, cantilever sensors ranging from nonporous to fully porous were fabricated and tested as gas-phase mass sensors of volatile organic compounds coming from a gas chromatography stream. The fully porous cantilever produced a dramatic 10-fold increase in sensing signal and a 6-fold improvement in limit of detection (LOD) compared to an otherwise identical nonporous cantilever. This signal improvement could be separated into mass responsivity increase and adsorption increase components. Allan deviation measurements indicate that a further 4-fold improvement in LOD could be expected upon speeding up characteristic peak response time from 1 s to 50 ms. These results show promise for performance enhancement in nanomechanical sensors for applications in gas sensing, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anandram Venkatasubramanian
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Vincent T. K. Sauer
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jocelyn N. Westwood-Bachman
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Kai Cui
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mike Xia
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - David S. Wishart
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E8, Canada
| | - Wayne K. Hiebert
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Mayer M, Baeumner AJ. A Megatrend Challenging Analytical Chemistry: Biosensor and Chemosensor Concepts Ready for the Internet of Things. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7996-8027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mayer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J. Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Samanta C, Arora N, V KK, Raghavan S, Naik AK. The effect of strain on effective Duffing nonlinearity in the CVD-MoS 2 resonator. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8394-8401. [PMID: 30984929 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10452b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate all electrical measurements on NEMS devices fabricated using CVD grown monolayer MoS2. The as-grown monolayer film of MoS2 on top of the SiO2/Si wafer is processed to fabricate arrays and individual NEMS devices without the complex pick and transfer techniques associated with graphene. The electromechanical properties of the devices are on par with those fabricated using the exfoliation method. The frequency response of these devices is then used as a probe to estimate the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the material and evaluate the effect of strain on the effective Duffing nonlinearity in the devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Samanta
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Dominguez-Medina S, Fostner S, Defoort M, Sansa M, Stark AK, Halim MA, Vernhes E, Gely M, Jourdan G, Alava T, Boulanger P, Masselon C, Hentz S. Neutral mass spectrometry of virus capsids above 100 megadaltons with nanomechanical resonators. Science 2019; 362:918-922. [PMID: 30467165 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of the mass of particles in the mega- to gigadalton range is challenging with conventional mass spectrometry. Although this mass range appears optimal for nanomechanical resonators, nanomechanical mass spectrometers often suffer from prohibitive sample loss, extended analysis time, or inadequate resolution. We report on a system architecture combining nebulization of the analytes from solution, their efficient transfer and focusing without relying on electromagnetic fields, and the mass measurements of individual particles using nanomechanical resonator arrays. This system determined the mass distribution of ~30-megadalton polystyrene nanoparticles with high detection efficiency and effectively performed molecular mass measurements of empty or DNA-filled bacteriophage T5 capsids with masses up to 105 megadaltons using less than 1 picomole of sample and with an instrument resolution above 100.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Dominguez-Medina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CEA, BIG, Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Unité 1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Shawn Fostner
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Martial Defoort
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Sansa
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stark
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CEA, BIG, Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Unité 1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohammad Abdul Halim
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CEA, BIG, Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Unité 1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Emeline Vernhes
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
| | - Marc Gely
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Thomas Alava
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pascale Boulanger
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
| | - Christophe Masselon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France. .,CEA, BIG, Biologie à Grande Echelle, F-38054 Grenoble, France.,Inserm, Unité 1038, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Hentz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
De S, Aluru NR. Anomalous scaling of flexural phonon damping in nanoresonators with confined fluid. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:2. [PMID: 31057929 PMCID: PMC6330506 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Various one and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) nanomaterials and their combinations are emerging as next-generation sensors because of their unique opto-electro-mechanical properties accompanied by large surface-to-volume ratio and high quality factor. Though numerous studies have demonstrated an unparalleled sensitivity of these materials as resonant nanomechanical sensors under vacuum isolation, an assessment of their performance in the presence of an interacting medium like fluid environment is scarce. Here, we report the mechanical damping behavior of a 1D single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) resonator operating in the fundamental flexural mode and interacting with a fluid environment, where the fluid is placed either inside or outside of the SWCNT. A scaling study of dissipation shows an anomalous behavior in case of interior fluid where the dissipation is found to be extremely low and scaling inversely with the fluid density. Analyzing the sources of dissipation reveals that (i) the phonon dissipation remains unaltered with fluid density and (ii) the anomalous dissipation scaling in the fluid interior case is solely a characteristic of the fluid response under confinement. Using linear response theory, we construct a fluid damping kernel which characterizes the hydrodynamic force response due to the resonant motion. The damping kernel-based analysis shows that the unexpected behavior stems from time dependence of the hydrodynamic response under nanoconfinement. Our systematic dissipation analysis helps us to infer the origin of the intrinsic dissipation. We also emphasize on the difference in dissipative response of the fluid under nanoconfinement when compared to a fluid exterior case. Our finding highlights a unique feature of confined fluid-structure interaction and evaluates its effect on the performance of high-frequency nanoresonators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep De
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Narayana R. Aluru
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Ono T, Ichiki T, Noji H. Digital enzyme assay using attoliter droplet array. Analyst 2018; 143:4923-4929. [PMID: 30221644 PMCID: PMC6180314 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01152d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule digital enzyme assay using micron-sized droplet array is a promising analysis method to quantify biomolecules at extremely low concentrations. However, multiplex digital enzyme assays are still difficult to access because the best buffer conditions can vary largely among enzymes. In addition, the best conditions for flurogenic compounds to retain high quantum efficiency and to avoid leakage into the oil phase can be also very different. In this study, digital enzyme assay was performed using an array of nanometer-sized droplets of 200 aL volume, termed 'nanocell'. Due to the small reaction volume, nanocell enhanced the accumulation rate of fluorescent products by a factor of 100 when compared with micron-sized reactors. Nanocell also enabled oil-free sealing of reactors: when flushed with an air flow, nanocell displayed water droplets under air, allowing enzymes to catalyze the reaction at the same rate as in oil-sealed reactors. Dual digital enzyme assay was also demonstrated using β-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at pH 7.4, which is far from the optimum condition for ALP. Even under such a non-optimum condition, ALP molecules were successfully detected. Nanocell could largely expand the applicability of digital bioassay for enzymes under non-optimum conditions or enzymes of low turnover rate. The sealing of the reactor with air would also expand the applicability, allowing the use of fluorescent dyes that leak into oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry
, Graduate School of Engineering
, The University of Tokyo
,
Japan
.
| | - Takanori Ichiki
- Department of Materials Engineering
, Graduate School of Engineering
, The University of Tokyo
,
Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
, Graduate School of Engineering
, The University of Tokyo
,
Japan
.
- ImPACT Program
, Japan Science and Technology Agency
,
Saitama 332-0012
, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Marzban M, Dargahi J, Packirisamy M. Flow force augmented 3D suspended polymeric microfluidic (SPMF 3 ) platform. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:388-400. [PMID: 30025169 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Detection and study of bioelements using microfluidic systems has been of great interest in the biodiagnostics field. Microcantilevers are the most used systems in biodetection due to their implementation simplicity which have been used for a wide variety of applications ranging from cellular to molecular diagnosis. However, increasing further the sensitivity of the microcantilever systems have a great effect on the cantilever based sensing for chemical and bio applications. In order to improve further the performance of microcantilevers, a flow force augmented 3D suspended microchannel is proposed using which microparticles can be conveyed through a microchannel inside the microcantilever to the detection area. This innovative microchannel design addresses the low sensitivity issue by increasing its sensitivity up to 5 times than the earlier reported similar microsystems. Moreover, fabricating this microsystem out of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) would eliminate external exciter dependency in many detection applications such as biodiagnostics. In this study, the designed microsystem has been analyzed theoretically, simulated and tested. Moreover, the microsystem has been fabricated and tested under different conditions, the results of which have been compared with simulation results. Finally, its innovative fabrication process and issues are reported and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostapha Marzban
- Optical-Bio Microsystems Lab. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Robotic Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Lab., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Javad Dargahi
- Robotic Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Lab., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Muthukumaran Packirisamy
- Optical-Bio Microsystems Lab. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lopes-Rodrigues M, Puiggalí-Jou A, Martí-Balleste D, del Valle LJ, Michaux C, Perpète EA, Alemán C. Thermomechanical Response of a Representative Porin for Biomimetics. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7856-7867. [PMID: 31458928 PMCID: PMC6644815 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermomechanical response of Omp2a, a representative porin used for the fabrication of smart biomimetic nanomembranes, has been characterized using microcantilever technology and compared with standard proteins. For this purpose, thermally induced transitions involving the conversion of stable trimers to bigger aggregates, local reorganizations based on the strengthening or weakening of intermolecular interactions, and protein denaturation have been detected by the microcantilever resonance frequency and deflection as a function of the temperature. Measurements have been carried out on arrays of 8-microcantilevers functionalized with proteins (Omp2a, lysozyme and bovine serum albumin). To interpret the measured nanofeatures, the response of proteins to temperature has been also examined using other characterization techniques, including real time wide angle X-ray diffraction. Results not only demonstrate the complex behavior of porins, which exhibit multiple local thermal transitions before undergoing denaturation at temperatures higher than 105 °C, but also suggest a posttreatment to control the orientation of immobilized Omp2a molecules in functionalized biomimetic nanomembranes and, thus, increase their efficacy in ion transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Lopes-Rodrigues
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed.
I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, Unité de Chimie
Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Anna Puiggalí-Jou
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed.
I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Martí-Balleste
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed.
I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis J. del Valle
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed.
I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Michaux
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, Unité de Chimie
Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Eric A. Perpète
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique des Biomolécules, Unité de Chimie
Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed.
I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Malsagova KA, Pleshakova TO, Kozlov AF, Shumov ID, Ilnitskii MA, Miakonkikh AV, Popov VP, Rudenko KV, Glukhov AV, Kupriyanov IN, Ivanova ND, Rogozhin AE, Archakov AI, Ivanov YD. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Deposition Quality of High-k Stack Protective Layer onto Nanowire FET Chips for Highly Sensitive miRNA Detection. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8030072. [PMID: 30060476 PMCID: PMC6164057 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Application of micro-Raman spectroscopy for the monitoring of quality of high-k (h-k) dielectric protective layer deposition onto the surface of a nanowire (NW) chip has been demonstrated. A NW chip based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures, protected with a layer of high-k dielectric ((h-k)-SOI-NW chip), has been employed for highly sensitive detection of microRNA (miRNA) associated with oncological diseases. The protective dielectric included a 2-nm-thick Al2O3 surface layer and a 8-nm-thick HfO2 layer, deposited onto a silicon SOI-NW chip. Such a chip had increased time stability upon operation in solution, as compared with an unprotected SOI-NW chip with native oxide. The (h-k)-SOI-NW biosensor has been employed for the detection of DNA oligonucleotide (oDNA), which is a synthetic analogue of miRNA-21 associated with oncological diseases. To provide biospecificity of the detection, the surface of (h-k)-SOI-NW chip was modified with oligonucleotide probe molecules (oDVA probes) complementary to the sequence of the target biomolecule. Concentration sensitivity of the (h-k)-SOI-NW biosensor at the level of DL~10−16 M has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrey F Kozlov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Ivan D Shumov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), Moscow 119121, Russia.
| | - Mikhail A Ilnitskii
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Andrew V Miakonkikh
- Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia.
| | - Vladimir P Popov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Konstantin V Rudenko
- Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Glukhov
- Joint-Stock Company "Novosibirsk Plant of Semiconductor Devices & DC", Novosibirsk 630082, Russia.
| | - Igor N Kupriyanov
- Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nina D Ivanova
- Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia.
| | - Alexander E Rogozhin
- Institute of Physics and Technology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117218, Russia.
| | | | - Yuri D Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), Moscow 119121, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Roy SK, Sauer VTK, Westwood-Bachman JN, Venkatasubramanian A, Hiebert WK. Improving mechanical sensor performance through larger damping. Science 2018; 360:360/6394/eaar5220. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical resonances are used in a wide variety of devices, from smartphone accelerometers to computer clocks and from wireless filters to atomic force microscopes. Frequency stability, a critical performance metric, is generally assumed to be tantamount to resonance quality factor (the inverse of the linewidth and of the damping). We show that the frequency stability of resonant nanomechanical sensors can be improved by lowering the quality factor. At high bandwidths, quality-factor reduction is completely mitigated by increases in signal-to-noise ratio. At low bandwidths, notably, increased damping leads to better stability and sensor resolution, with improvement proportional to damping. We confirm the findings by demonstrating temperature resolution of 60 microkelvin at 300-hertz bandwidth. These results open the door to high-performance ultrasensitive resonators in gaseous or liquid environments, single-cell nanocalorimetry, nanoscale gas chromatography, atmospheric-pressure nanoscale mass spectrometry, and new approaches in crystal oscillator stability.
Collapse
|
65
|
Yi C, Su MN, Dongare PD, Chakraborty D, Cai YY, Marolf DM, Kress RN, Ostovar B, Tauzin LJ, Wen F, Chang WS, Jones MR, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Polycrystallinity of Lithographically Fabricated Plasmonic Nanostructures Dominates Their Acoustic Vibrational Damping. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3494-3501. [PMID: 29715035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of acoustic vibrations in nanoparticles provides unique and unparalleled insight into their mechanical properties. Electron-beam lithography of nanostructures allows precise manipulation of their acoustic vibration frequencies through control of nanoscale morphology. However, the dissipation of acoustic vibrations in this important class of nanostructures has not yet been examined. Here we report, using single-particle ultrafast transient extinction spectroscopy, the intrinsic damping dynamics in lithographically fabricated plasmonic nanostructures. We find that in stark contrast to chemically synthesized, monocrystalline nanoparticles, acoustic energy dissipation in lithographically fabricated nanostructures is solely dominated by intrinsic damping. A quality factor of Q = 11.3 ± 2.5 is observed for all 147 nanostructures, regardless of size, geometry, frequency, surface adhesion, and mode. This result indicates that the complex Young's modulus of this material is independent of frequency with its imaginary component being approximately 11 times smaller than its real part. Substrate-mediated acoustic vibration damping is strongly suppressed, despite strong binding between the glass substrate and Au nanostructures. We anticipate that these results, characterizing the optomechanical properties of lithographically fabricated metal nanostructures, will help inform their design for applications such as photoacoustic imaging agents, high-frequency resonators, and ultrafast optical switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyue Yi
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Man-Nung Su
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Pratiksha D Dongare
- Applied Physics Graduate Program , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Debadi Chakraborty
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - David M Marolf
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Rachael N Kress
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Fangfang Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Duan K, Li Y, Li L, Hu Y, Wang X. Diamond nanothread based resonators: ultrahigh sensitivity and low dissipation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8058-8065. [PMID: 29671436 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr00502h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The recently synthesized ultrathin diamond nanothreads (NTHs) exhibit a variety of intriguing properties and are probably the most successful of many encouraging applications to be designed as resonators due to their ultrahigh sensitivity and low dissipation. Herein, we report via molecular dynamics that diamond nanothreads possess not only ultrahigh mass sensitivity but also a very high quality factor. On the one hand, the studied diamond nanothreads demonstrate an extreme mass resolution of ∼0.58 yg (1 yg = 10-24 g), which is almost one order of magnitude higher than that of carbon nanotubes (∼10 yg) with the same length. Moreover, the sensing performance of NTHs is highly tunable owing to their tailorable structures. On the other hand, NTHs exhibit a very low intrinsic energy dissipation and thus a high quality factor which is generally two times that of carbon nanotubes. These intriguing features suggest that diamond nanothreads could be highly attractive candidates for fabricating nano-sized mechanical resonators with outstanding performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Duan
- State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Sader JE, Hanay MS, Neumann AP, Roukes ML. Mass Spectrometry Using Nanomechanical Systems: Beyond the Point-Mass Approximation. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1608-1614. [PMID: 29369636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mass measurement of single molecules, in real time, is performed routinely using resonant nanomechanical devices. This approach models the molecules as point particles. A recent development now allows the spatial extent (and, indeed, image) of the adsorbate to be characterized using multimode measurements ( Hanay , M. S. , Nature Nanotechnol. , 10 , 2015 , pp 339 - 344 ). This "inertial imaging" capability is achieved through virtual re-engineering of the resonator's vibrating modes, by linear superposition of their measured frequency shifts. Here, we present a complementary and simplified methodology for the analysis of these inertial imaging measurements that exhibits similar performance while streamlining implementation. This development, together with the software that we provide, enables the broad implementation of inertial imaging that opens the door to a range of novel characterization studies of nanoscale adsorbates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics & Applied Physics and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - M Selim Hanay
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics & Applied Physics and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM) , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Adam P Neumann
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics & Applied Physics and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Michael L Roukes
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics & Applied Physics and Biological Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Héritier M, Eichler A, Pan Y, Grob U, Shorubalko I, Krass MD, Tao Y, Degen CL. Nanoladder Cantilevers Made from Diamond and Silicon. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1814-1818. [PMID: 29412676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a "nanoladder" geometry that minimizes the mechanical dissipation of ultrasensitive cantilevers. A nanoladder cantilever consists of a lithographically patterned scaffold of rails and rungs with feature size ∼100 nm. Compared to a rectangular beam of the same dimensions, the mass and spring constant of a nanoladder are each reduced by roughly 2 orders of magnitude. We demonstrate a low force noise of 158-42+62 zN and 190-33+42 zN in a 1 Hz bandwidth for devices made from silicon and diamond, respectively, measured at temperatures between 100-150 mK. As opposed to bottom-up mechanical resonators like nanowires or nanotubes, nanoladder cantilevers can be batch-fabricated using standard lithography, which is a critical factor for applications in scanning force microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Héritier
- Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , Otto Stern Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - A Eichler
- Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , Otto Stern Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Y Pan
- Rowland Institute at Harvard , 100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - U Grob
- Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , Otto Stern Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - I Shorubalko
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology EMPA , Uberlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Duebendorf , Switzerland
| | - M D Krass
- Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , Otto Stern Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Y Tao
- Rowland Institute at Harvard , 100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - C L Degen
- Department of Physics , ETH Zurich , Otto Stern Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Dash A, Selvaraja SK, Naik AK. On-chip optical transduction scheme for graphene nano-electro-mechanical systems in silicon-photonic platform. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:659-662. [PMID: 29444046 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme for on-chip optical transduction of strain and displacement of graphene-based nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS). A detailed numerical study on the feasibility of three silicon-photonic integrated circuit configurations is presented: the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), the micro-ring resonator, and the ring-loaded MZI. An index sensing based technique using an MZI loaded with a ring resonator with a moderate Q-factor of 2400 can yield a sensitivity of 28 fm/Hz and 6.5×10-6%/Hz for displacement and strain, respectively. Though any phase-sensitive integrated-photonic device could be used for optical transduction, here we show that optimal sensitivity is achievable by combining resonance with phase sensitivity.
Collapse
|
70
|
De S, Aluru NR. Energy Dissipation in Fluid Coupled Nanoresonators: The Effect of Phonon-Fluid Coupling. ACS NANO 2018; 12:368-377. [PMID: 29286628 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Resonant nanomechanical systems find numerous sensing applications both in the vacuum and in the fluid environment but their performance is degraded by different dissipation mechanisms. In this work, we study dissipation mechanisms associated with high frequency axial excitation of a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) filled with argon, which is a representative fluid coupled resonator system. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we identify two dissipative processes associated with the axial excitation of the resonator: (i) perturbation of the resonator phonons and their relaxation and (ii) oscillatory fluid flow developed by the resonator motion. Dissipation due to the first process, a form of "intrinsic" dissipation, is found to be governed by the Akhiezer mechanism and is verified for an empty CNT in vacuum. To estimate the dissipation due to the second process, which is the conventional "fluid" dissipation, we formulate an approach based on the response of the hydrodynamic force on the resonator. Our analysis of the coupled system reveals that phonon relaxations associated with the Akhiezer dissipation are significantly modified in the presence of fluidic interactions, which have been ignored in all previous dissipation studies of fluid-resonator systems. We show that an important consequence of this phonon-fluid interaction is inverse scaling of dissipation with density at low excitation frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep De
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Prasad P, Arora N, Naik AK. Parametric amplification in MoS 2 drum resonator. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18299-18304. [PMID: 29143000 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05721k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Parametric amplification is widely used in diverse areas from optics to electronic circuits to enhance low level signals by varying relevant system parameters. Parametric amplification has also been performed in several micro-nano resonators including nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) resonators based on a two-dimensional (2D) material. Here, we report the enhancement of mechanical response in a MoS2 drum resonator using degenerate parametric amplification. We use parametric pumping to modulate the spring constant of the MoS2 resonator and achieve a 10 dB amplitude gain. We also demonstrate quality factor enhancement in the resonator with parametric amplification. We investigate the effect of cubic nonlinearity on parametric amplification and show that it limits the gain of the mechanical resonator. Amplifying ultra-small displacements at room temperature and understanding the limitations of the amplification in these devices is key for using these devices for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parmeshwar Prasad
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Luo X, Tue PT, Sugiyama K, Takamura Y. High yield matrix-free ionization of biomolecules by pulse-heating ion source. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15170. [PMID: 29123135 PMCID: PMC5680173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry has been widely used for biomolecular analysis. However, with conventional MALDI, it is difficult to analyse low-molecular-weight compounds because of the interference of matrix ion signals. Here, we report a matrix-free on-chip pulse-heating desorption/ionization (PHDI) method for a wide range of biomolecules ranging from low molecular-weight substances such as glycine (75.7 Da) to large species such as α-lactalbumin (14.2 kDa). Compared with the conventional MALDI, the matrix-free PHDI method affords high yields of singly charged ions with very less fragmentation and background using only one-pulse without light (laser). We believe that this new technique for matrix-free biomolecules analysis would overcome the limitations of the conventional MALDI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1211, Japan
| | - Phan-Trong Tue
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1211, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sugiyama
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1211, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Takamura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa, 923-1211, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Keifer DZ, Jarrold MF. Single-molecule mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:715-733. [PMID: 26873676 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In single-molecule mass spectrometry, the mass of each ion is measured individually; making it suitable for the analysis of very large, heterogeneous objects that cannot be analyzed by conventional means. A range of single-molecule mass spectrometry techniques has been developed, including time-of-flight with cryogenic detectors, a quadrupole ion trap with optical detection, single-molecule Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, charge detection mass spectrometry, quadrupole ion traps coupled to charge detector plates, and nanomechanical oscillators. In addition to providing information on mass and heterogeneity, these techniques have been used to study impact craters from cosmic dust, monitor the assembly of viruses, elucidate the fluorescence dynamics of quantum dots, and much more. This review focuses on the merits of each of these technologies, their limitations, and their applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:715-733, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Z Keifer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401
| | - Martin F Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Duan K, Li L, Hu Y, Wang X. Pillared graphene as an ultra-high sensitivity mass sensor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14012. [PMID: 29070861 PMCID: PMC5656676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid structure of graphene sheets supported by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sustains unique properties of both graphene and CNTs, which enables the utilization of advantages of the two novel materials. In this work, the capability of three-dimensional pillared graphene structure used as nanomechanical sensors is investigated by performing molecular dynamics simulations. The obtained results demonstrate that: (a) the mass sensitivity of the pillared graphene structure is ultrahigh and can reach at least 1 yg (10−24 g) with a mass responsivity 0.34 GHz · yg−1; (b) the sizes of pillared graphene structure, particularly the distance between carbon nanotube pillars, have a significant effect on the sensing performance; (c) an analytical expression can be derived to detect the deposited mass from the resonant frequency of the pillared graphene structure. The performed analyses might be significant to future design and application of pillared graphene based sensors with high sensitivity and large detecting area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yujin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xuelin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
A proposed method to measure weak magnetic field based on a hybrid optomechanical system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12521. [PMID: 28970507 PMCID: PMC5624905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Optomechanical systems have long been considered in the field of precision measurement. In this work, measurement of weak magnetic field in a hybrid optomechanical system is discussed. In contrast to conventional measurements based on detecting the change of magnetic flux, our scheme presents an alternative way to measure the magnetic field with a precision of 0.1 nT. We show that the effective cavity resonance frequency will be revised due to the electromagnetic interactions. Therefore, a resonance valley in the transmission spectrum of the probe field will shift in the presence of the magnetic field, and the width of an asymmetric transparency in the optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) shows a strong dependence on the magnetic field strength. Our results may have potential application for achieving high precision measurement of the magnetic field.
Collapse
|
76
|
Optomechanical devices for deep plasma cancer proteomics. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:26-38. [PMID: 28867489 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most of the cancer deaths could be avoided by early detection of the tumor when it is confined to its primary site and it has not metastasized. To this aim, one of the most promising strategies is the discovery and detection of protein biomarkers shed by the young tumor to the bloodstream. Proteomic technologies, mainly mass spectrometry and multiplexed immunoassays, have rapidly developed during last years with improved limits of detection and multiplexing capability. Unfortunately, these developments together major investments and large international efforts have not resulted into new useful protein biomarkers. Here, we analyze the potential and limitations of current proteomic technologies for detecting protein biomarkers released into circulation by the tumor. We find that these technologies can hardly probe the deepest region of the plasma proteome, at concentrations below the pg/mL level, where protein biomarkers for early cancer detection may exist. This clearly indicates the need of incorporating novel ultrasensitive techniques to the proteomic tool-box that can cover the inaccessible regions of the plasma proteome. We here propose biological detectors based on nanomechanical systems for discovery and detection of cancer protein biomarkers in plasma. We review the modes of operation of these devices, putting our focus on recent developments on nanomechanical sandwich immunoassays and nanomechanical spectrometry. The first technique enables reproducible immunodetection of proteins at concentrations well below the pg/mL level, with a limit of detection on the verge of 10 ag/mL. This technology can potentially detect low abundance tumor-associated proteins in plasma at the very early stages of the tumor. The second technique enables the identification of individual intact proteins by two physical coordinates, the mass and stiffness, instead of the mass-to-charge ratio of the protein constituents. This technology enormously simplifies the identification of proteins and it can provide useful information on interactions and posttranslational modifications, that otherwise is lost in mass spectrometry.
Collapse
|
77
|
Lee J, Kaul AB, Feng PXL. Carbon nanofiber high frequency nanomechanical resonators. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11864-11870. [PMID: 28805881 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02306e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) synthesized using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process are investigated as a new class of building blocks for high-frequency vibrating nanomechanical resonators. The CNF resonators are prototyped by using vertically oriented few-μm-long cantilever-structured CNFs grown by PECVD. Undriven thermomechanical motions and photothermally driven resonances are measured in the frequency range of ∼3-10 MHz, which exhibit quality (Q) factors of ∼140-350 in moderate vacuum (milliTorr) at room temperature. Further, characteristics of CNF resonators after platinum deposition and intensive electron beam exposure are investigated, and resonance frequency shifts due to mass loading on the CNFs are clearly observed. In addition, extensive material characterization of the CNFs using techniques such as X-ray electron dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) with spatial element-mapping reveals the structure and growth mechanism of the CNFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Electrophoresis assisted time-of-flow mass spectrometry using hollow nanomechanical resonators. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3535. [PMID: 28615653 PMCID: PMC5471201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This report discusses the first demonstration of electrophoresis assisted time-of-flow mass spectrometry using ‘U’ shaped hollow nanomechanical resonators (HNR). Capillary electrophoresis was coupled with the HNR based mass detection to overcome low ionic conductivity of channels embedded in the HNR preventing direct in-situ electrophoretic separation. The flow of analytes through the HNR was achieved by balancing the hydrodynamic pressure to override the electromotive force and inhibit the motion of analytes towards the anode for capillary electrophoresis. The resonance frequency shifts of the HNR vibrating around 1.5 MHz were correlated with the time of the passage of the protein bands to construct the mass spectrum. The proposed concept was demonstrated by constructing a mass spectrum of egg white proteins in the molecular weight range of 14–250 kDa. When compared to regular polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, our method not only provides a precise and fast readout but also avoids the use of chemical staining. This study paves a new route for low-cost and on-chip mass spectrometers with ultra-miniaturized dimensions.
Collapse
|
79
|
Hao J, Li B, Jung HY, Liu F, Hong S, Jung YJ, Kar S. Vapor-Phase-Gating-Induced Ultrasensitive Ion Detection in Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606883. [PMID: 28393408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Designing ultrasensitive detectors often requires complex architectures, high-voltage operations, and sophisticated low-noise measurements. In this work, it is shown that simple low-bias two-terminal DC-conductance values of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes are extremely sensitive to ionized gas molecules. Incident ions form an electrode-free, dielectric- or electrolyte-free, bias-free vapor-phase top-gate that can efficiently modulate carrier densities up to ≈0.6 × 1013 cm-2 . Surprisingly, the resulting current changes are several orders of magnitude larger than that expected from conventional electrostatic gating, suggesting the possible role of a current-gain inducing mechanism similar to those seen in photodetectors. These miniature detectors demonstrate charge-current amplification factor values exceeding 108 A C-1 in vacuum with undiminished responses in open air, and clearly distinguish between positive and negative ions sources. At extremely low rates of ion incidence, detector currents show stepwise changes with time, and calculations suggest that these stepwise changes can result from arrival of individual ions. These sensitive ion detectors are used to demonstrate a proof-of-concept low-cost, amplifier-free, light-emitting-diode-based low-power ion-indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Hyun Young Jung
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju-Si, Gyeongnam, 660-758, South Korea
| | - Fangze Liu
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Sanghyun Hong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yung Joon Jung
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Swastik Kar
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Silveri MP, Tuorila JA, Thuneberg EV, Paraoanu GS. Quantum systems under frequency modulation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056002. [PMID: 28379844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the physical phenomena that arise when quantum mechanical energy levels are modulated in time. The dynamics resulting from changes in the transition frequency is a problem studied since the early days of quantum mechanics. It has been of constant interest both experimentally and theoretically since, with the simple two-state model providing an inexhaustible source of novel concepts. When the transition frequency of a quantum system is modulated, several phenomena can be observed, such as Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interference, motional averaging and narrowing, and the formation of dressed states with the appearance of sidebands in the spectrum. Adiabatic changes result in the accumulation of geometric phases, which can be used to create topological states. In recent years, an exquisite experimental control in the time domain was gained through the parameters entering the Hamiltonian, and high-fidelity readout schemes allowed the state of the system to be monitored non-destructively. These developments were made in the field of quantum devices, especially in superconducting qubits, as a well as in atomic physics, in particular in ultracold gases. As a result of these advances, it became possible to demonstrate many of the fundamental effects that arise in a quantum system when its transition frequencies are modulated. The purpose of this review is to present some of these developments, from two-state atoms and harmonic oscillators to multilevel and many-particle systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Silveri
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland. Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Attogram mass sensing based on silicon microbeam resonators. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46660. [PMID: 28429793 PMCID: PMC5399360 DOI: 10.1038/srep46660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using doubly-clamped silicon (Si) microbeam resonators, we demonstrate sub-attogram per Hertz (ag/Hz) mass sensitivity, which is extremely high sensitivity achieved by micro-scale MEMS mass sensors. We also characterize unusual buckling phenomena of the resonators. The thin-film based resonator is composed of a Si microbeam surrounded by silicon nitride (SiN) anchors, which significantly improve performance by providing fixation on the microbeam and stabilizing oscillating motion. Here, we introduce two fabrication techniques to further improve the mass sensitivity. First, we minimize surface stress by depositing a sacrificial SiN layer, which prevents damage on the Si microbeam. Second, we modify anchor structure to find optimal design that allows the microbeam to oscillate in quasi-one dimensional mode while achieving high quality factor. Mass loading is conducted by depositing Au/Ti thin films on the local area of the microbeam surface. Using sequential mass loading, we test effects of changing beam dimensions, position of mass loading, and distribution of a metal film on the mass sensitivity. In addition, we demonstrate that microbeams suffer local micro-buckling and global buckling by excessive mass loading, which are induced by two different mechanisms. We also find that the critical buckling length is increased by additional support from the anchors.
Collapse
|
82
|
Kurek M, Carnoy M, Larsen PE, Nielsen LH, Hansen O, Rades T, Schmid S, Boisen A. Nanomechanical Infrared Spectroscopy with Vibrating Filters for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Kurek
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Matthias Carnoy
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Peter E. Larsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Line H. Nielsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ole Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 2 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Silvan Schmid
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems; TU Wien; Gusshausstrasse 27-29 1040 Vienna Austria
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Technical University of Denmark; Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Karlický F, Otyepková E, Lo R, Pitoňák M, Jurečka P, Pykal M, Hobza P, Otyepka M. Adsorption of Organic Molecules to van der Waals Materials: Comparison of Fluorographene and Fluorographite with Graphene and Graphite. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:1328-1340. [PMID: 28145699 PMCID: PMC5352977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding strength and nature of noncovalent binding to surfaces imposes significant challenge both for computations and experiments. We explored the adsorption of five small nonpolar organic molecules (acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethyl acetate) to fluorographene and fluorographite using inverse gas chromatography and theoretical calculations, providing new insights into the strength and nature of adsorption of small organic molecules on these surfaces. The measured adsorption enthalpies on fluorographite range from -7 to -13 kcal/mol and are by 1-2 kcal/mol lower than those measured on graphene/graphite, which indicates higher affinity of organic adsorbates to fluorographene than to graphene. The dispersion-corrected functionals performed well, and the nonlocal vdW DFT functionals (particularly optB86b-vdW) achieved the best agreement with the experimental data. Computations show that the adsorption enthalpies are controlled by the interaction energy, which is dominated by London dispersion forces (∼70%). The calculations also show that bonding to structural features, like edges and steps, as well as defects does not significantly increase the adsorption enthalpies, which explains a low sensitivity of measured adsorption enthalpies to coverage. The adopted Langmuir model for fitting experimental data enabled determination of adsorption entropies. The adsorption on the fluorographene/fluorographite surface resulted in an entropy loss equal to approximately 40% of the gas phase entropy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- František Karlický
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, tř.
17. listopadu 12, 77 146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Otyepková
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, tř.
17. listopadu 12, 77 146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166
10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pitoňák
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Computing Center
of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta č. 9, 845 35 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petr Jurečka
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, tř.
17. listopadu 12, 77 146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pykal
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, tř.
17. listopadu 12, 77 146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, tř.
17. listopadu 12, 77 146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166
10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký
University Olomouc, tř.
17. listopadu 12, 77 146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Kurek M, Carnoy M, Larsen PE, Nielsen LH, Hansen O, Rades T, Schmid S, Boisen A. Nanomechanical Infrared Spectroscopy with Vibrating Filters for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3901-3905. [PMID: 28266106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Standard infrared spectroscopy techniques are well-developed and widely used. However, they typically require milligrams of sample and can involve time-consuming sample preparation. A promising alternative is represented by nanomechanical infrared spectroscopy (NAM-IR) based on the photothermal response of a nanomechanical resonator, which enables the chemical analysis of picograms of analyte directly from a liquid solution in only a few minutes. Herein, we present NAM-IR using perforated membranes (filters). The method was tested with the pharmaceutical compound indomethacin to successfully perform a chemical and morphological analysis on roughly 100 pg of sample. With an absolute estimated sensitivity of 109±15 fg, the presented method is suitable for ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Kurek
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matthias Carnoy
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter E Larsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Line H Nielsen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvan Schmid
- Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Kumar D, Chaturvedi P, Saho P, Jha P, Chouksey A, Lal M, Rawat J, Tandon R, Chaudhury P. Effect of single wall carbon nanotube networks on gas sensor response and detection limit. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL 2017; 240:1134-1140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
|
86
|
Abstract
Using dissipation models based on Akhiezer theory, we analyze the microscopic origin of nonlinearity in intrinsic loss of a single layer MoS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep De
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - K. Kunal
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - N. R. Aluru
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Murray KK. Single molecule mass measurements and mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2671-2672. [PMID: 27704625 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
|
88
|
Buchnev O, Podoliak N, Frank T, Kaczmarek M, Jiang L, Fedotov VA. Controlling Stiction in Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems Using Liquid Crystals. ACS NANO 2016; 10:11519-11524. [PMID: 28024385 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stiction is one of the major reliability issues limiting practical application of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS), an emerging device technology that exploits mechanical movements on the scale of an integrated electronic circuit. We report on a discovery that stiction can be eliminated by infiltrating NEMS with nematic liquid crystals. We demonstrate this experimentally using a NEMS-based tunable photonic metamaterial, where reliable switching of optical response was achieved for the entire range of nanoscopic structural displacements admitted by the metamaterial design. Being a more straightforward and easy-to-implement alternative to the existing antistiction solutions, our approach also introduces an active mechanism of stiction control, which enables toggling between stiction-free and the usual (stiction-limited) regimes of NEMS operation. It is expected to greatly expand the functionality of electro-mechanical devices and enable the development of adaptive and smart nanosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Buchnev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, ‡Physics and Astronomy, and §Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Nina Podoliak
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, ‡Physics and Astronomy, and §Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Thomas Frank
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, ‡Physics and Astronomy, and §Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Malgosia Kaczmarek
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, ‡Physics and Astronomy, and §Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Liudi Jiang
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, ‡Physics and Astronomy, and §Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Vassili A Fedotov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, ‡Physics and Astronomy, and §Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Malvar O, Ruz JJ, Kosaka PM, Domínguez CM, Gil-Santos E, Calleja M, Tamayo J. Mass and stiffness spectrometry of nanoparticles and whole intact bacteria by multimode nanomechanical resonators. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13452. [PMID: 27834379 PMCID: PMC5476793 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of species is a fundamental problem in analytical chemistry and biology. Mass spectrometers identify species by their molecular mass with extremely high sensitivity (<10−24 g). However, its application is usually limited to light analytes (<10−19 g). Here we demonstrate that by using nanomechanical resonators, heavier analytes can be identified by their mass and stiffness. The method is demonstrated with spherical gold nanoparticles and whole intact E. coli bacteria delivered by electrospray ionization to microcantilever resonators placed in low vacuum at 0.1 torr. We develop a theoretical procedure for obtaining the mass, position and stiffness of the analytes arriving the resonator from the adsorption-induced eigenfrequency jumps. These results demonstrate the enormous potential of this technology for identification of large biological complexes near their native conformation, a goal that is beyond the capabilities of conventional mass spectrometers. Mass spectrometry can accurately identify species by molecular mass, but measuring large species can be difficult. Here the authors show that nanomechanical resonators can identify both the mass and stiffness of larger analytes, demonstrating it for gold nanoparticles and E. Coli bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Malvar
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Ruz
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - P M Kosaka
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - C M Domínguez
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gil-Santos
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7162, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, Paris 75013, France
| | - M Calleja
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tamayo
- Institute of Microelectronics of Madrid (IMM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8 (PTM), Tres Cantos, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Venkatasubramanian A, Sauer VTK, Roy SK, Xia M, Wishart DS, Hiebert WK. Nano-Optomechanical Systems for Gas Chromatography. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6975-6981. [PMID: 27749074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microgas chromatography (GC) is promising for portable chemical analysis. We demonstrate a nano-optomechanical system (NOMS) as an ultrasensitive mass detector in gas chromatography. Bare, native oxide, silicon surfaces are sensitive enough to monitor volatile organic compounds at ppm levels, while simultaneously demonstrating chemical selectivity. The NOMS is able to sense GC peaks from derivatized metabolites at physiological concentrations. This is an important milestone for small-molecule quantitation assays in next generation metabolite analyses for applications such as disease diagnosis and personalized medicine. The optical microring, which plays an important role in the nanomechanical signal transduction mechanism, can also be used as an analyte concentration sensor. Different adsorption kinetics regimes are realized at different temperatures allowing temporary condensation of the analyte onto the sensor surfaces. This effect amplifies the signal, resulting in a 1 ppb level limit of detection, without partition enhancement from absorbing media. This sensitivity bodes well for NOMS as universal, ultrasensitive detectors in micro-GC, breath analysis, and other chemical-sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anandram Venkatasubramanian
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Vincent T K Sauer
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Swapan K Roy
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mike Xia
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E8, Canada
| | - Wayne K Hiebert
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Micromachined Resonators: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7090160. [PMID: 30404333 PMCID: PMC6190074 DOI: 10.3390/mi7090160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a review of the remarkable progress that has been made during the past few decades in design, modeling, and fabrication of micromachined resonators. Although micro-resonators have come a long way since their early days of development, they are yet to fulfill the rightful vision of their pervasive use across a wide variety of applications. This is partially due to the complexities associated with the physics that limit their performance, the intricacies involved in the processes that are used in their manufacturing, and the trade-offs in using different transduction mechanisms for their implementation. This work is intended to offer a brief introduction to all such details with references to the most influential contributions in the field for those interested in a deeper understanding of the material.
Collapse
|
92
|
Yoo J, Blick R, Ahn KH. Dynamic control for nanostructures through slowly ramping parameters. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062225. [PMID: 27415271 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We propose a nanostructure control method which uses slowly ramping parameters. We demonstrate the dynamics of this method in both a nonlinear classical system and a quantum system. When a quantum mechanical two-level atom (quantum dot) is irradiated by an electric field with a slowly increasing frequency, there exists a sudden transition from ground (excited) to excited (ground) state. This occurs when the ramping rate is smaller than the square of the Rabi frequency. The transition arises when its "instant frequency"-the time derivative of the driving field phase-matches the resonance frequency, satisfying the Fermi golden rule. We also find that the parameter ramping is an efficient control manner for classical nanomechanical shuttles. For ramping of driving amplitudes, the shuttle's mechanical oscillation is amplified and even survives when the ramping is stopped outside the original oscillation region. This strange oscillation is due to the entrance into a multistable dynamic region in phase space. For ramping of driving frequencies, an onset of oscillation arises when the instant frequency enters the oscillation region. Thus, regardless of being classical or quantum, the instant frequency is physically relevant. We discuss in which conditions the dynamic control is efficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyun Yoo
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Blick
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, Universitat Hamburg, Jungiusstr. 11c, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Kang-Hun Ahn
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Kumar D, Kumar I, Chaturvedi P, Chouksey A, Tandon R, Chaudhury P. Study of simultaneous reversible and irreversible adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotube gas sensor. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2016; 177:276-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
|
94
|
Chen C, Zanette DH, Guest JR, Czaplewski DA, López D. Self-Sustained Micromechanical Oscillator with Linear Feedback. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:017203. [PMID: 27419587 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.017203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous oscillators, such as clocks and lasers, produce periodic signals without any external frequency reference. In order to sustain stable periodic motion, there needs to be an external energy supply as well as nonlinearity built into the oscillator to regulate the amplitude. Usually, nonlinearity is provided by the sustaining feedback mechanism, which also supplies energy, whereas the constituent resonator that determines the output frequency stays linear. Here, we propose a new self-sustaining scheme that relies on the nonlinearity originating from the resonator itself to limit the oscillation amplitude, while the feedback remains linear. We introduce a model for describing the working principle of the self-sustained oscillations and validate it with experiments performed on a nonlinear microelectromechanical oscillator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyao Chen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Damián H Zanette
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jeffrey R Guest
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - David A Czaplewski
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Daniel López
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Sansa M, Sage E, Bullard EC, Gély M, Alava T, Colinet E, Naik AK, Villanueva LG, Duraffourg L, Roukes ML, Jourdan G, Hentz S. Frequency fluctuations in silicon nanoresonators. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:552-558. [PMID: 26925826 PMCID: PMC4892353 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Frequency stability is key to the performance of nanoresonators. This stability is thought to reach a limit with the resonator's ability to resolve thermally induced vibrations. Although measurements and predictions of resonator stability usually disregard fluctuations in the mechanical frequency response, these fluctuations have recently attracted considerable theoretical interest. However, their existence is very difficult to demonstrate experimentally. Here, through a literature review, we show that all studies of frequency stability report values several orders of magnitude larger than the limit imposed by thermomechanical noise. We studied a monocrystalline silicon nanoresonator at room temperature and found a similar discrepancy. We propose a new method to show that this was due to the presence of frequency fluctuations, of unexpected level. The fluctuations were not due to the instrumentation system, or to any other of the known sources investigated. These results challenge our current understanding of frequency fluctuations and call for a change in practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sansa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Sage
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Elizabeth C. Bullard
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, California 91125 USA
| | - Marc Gély
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Alava
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Colinet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Akshay K. Naik
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Laurent Duraffourg
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Michael L. Roukes
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 149-33, Pasadena, California 91125 USA
| | - Guillaume Jourdan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Hentz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
van de Waterbeemd M, Snijder J, Tsvetkova IB, Dragnea BG, Cornelissen JJ, Heck AJR. Examining the Heterogeneous Genome Content of Multipartite Viruses BMV and CCMV by Native Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1000-9. [PMID: 26926442 PMCID: PMC4869746 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the concept was first introduced by Brian Chait and co-workers in 1991, mass spectrometry of proteins and protein complexes under non-denaturing conditions (native MS) has strongly developed, through parallel advances in instrumentation, sample preparation, and data analysis tools. However, the success rate of native MS analysis, particularly in heterogeneous mega-Dalton (MDa) protein complexes, still strongly depends on careful instrument modification. Here, we further explore these boundaries in native mass spectrometry, analyzing two related endogenous multipartite viruses: the Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) and the Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV). Both CCMV and BMV are approximately 4.6 megadalton (MDa) in mass, of which approximately 1 MDA originates from the genomic content of the virion. Both viruses are produced as mixtures of three particles carrying different segments of the genome, varying by approximately 0.1 MDA in mass (~2%). This mixture of particles poses a challenging analytical problem for high-resolution native MS analysis, given the large mass scales involved. We attempt to unravel the particle heterogeneity using both Q-TOF and Orbitrap mass spectrometers extensively modified for analysis of very large assemblies. We show that manipulation of the charging behavior can provide assistance in assigning the correct charge states. Despite their challenging size and heterogeneity, we obtained native mass spectra with resolved series of charge states for both BMV and CCMV, demonstrating that native MS of endogenous multipartite virions is feasible. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van de Waterbeemd
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Irina B Tsvetkova
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Bogdan G Dragnea
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jeroen J Cornelissen
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Kim CW, Dai MD, Eom K. Finite-size effect on the dynamic and sensing performances of graphene resonators: the role of edge stress. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:685-696. [PMID: 27335758 PMCID: PMC4902043 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the finite-size effect on the dynamic behavior of graphene resonators and their applications in atomic mass detection using a continuum elastic model such as modified plate theory. In particular, we developed a model based on von Karman plate theory with including the edge stress, which arises from the imbalance between the coordination numbers of bulk atoms and edge atoms of graphene. It is shown that as the size of a graphene resonator decreases, the edge stress depending on the edge structure of a graphene resonator plays a critical role on both its dynamic and sensing performances. We found that the resonance behavior of graphene can be tuned not only through edge stress but also through nonlinear vibration, and that the detection sensitivity of a graphene resonator can be controlled by using the edge stress. Our study sheds light on the important role of the finite-size effect in the effective design of graphene resonators for their mass sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wan Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mai Duc Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilho Eom
- Biomechanics Laboratory, College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Safaei TS, Das J, Mahshid SS, Aldridge PM, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Image-Reversal Soft Lithography: Fabrication of Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Detectors. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:893-9. [PMID: 26865322 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201501025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Image-reversal soft lithography enables the straightforward fabrication of high-performance biosensors without requiringhigh-resolution photolitography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Saberi Safaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering; University of Toronto; 10 King's College Road Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; 144 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Sahar Sadat Mahshid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; 144 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3M2 Canada
| | - Peter M. Aldridge
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; 164 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering; University of Toronto; 10 King's College Road Toronto ON M5S 3G4 Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Toronto; 144 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3M2 Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; 164 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; 1 King's College Circle Toronto ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Theoretical Study on the Dynamic Behavior of a Plate-Like Micro-Cantilever with Multiple Particles Attached. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151821. [PMID: 27023056 PMCID: PMC4811428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dynamic characteristics of a plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses are studied. The vibration modes of the cantilever plate are represented by combinations of beam functions. Using classical mechanics (the effect of size is not considered) and the corrected Cosserat's theorem (the effect of size is considered), we employ the Lagrange equations to establish a dynamic model of the plate-like micro-cantilever beam attached with multiple concentrated masses. The accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is verified by comparing with the results of published literature. Then, the natural frequencies of the cantilever plates are calculated with self-compiled algorithms, and the results of the plates with 1-5 masses are displayed. The results are in high accordance with the exact solution, and all errors are within 0.5%. The analysis shows that the proposed model and analysis method converges quickly and is highly efficient. In addition, the effects of characteristic lengths, Poisson's ratios and plate thickness on the micro-cantilever plate's resonant frequency for the first five modes are analyzed.
Collapse
|
100
|
Parkin JD, Hähner G. Contact-free experimental determination of the static flexural spring constant of cantilever sensors using a microfluidic force tool. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:492-500. [PMID: 27335740 PMCID: PMC4901535 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanocantilevers are employed in atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) as sensing elements. They enable nanomechanical measurements, are essential for the characterization of nanomaterials, and form an integral part of many nanoscale devices. Despite the fact that numerous methods described in the literature can be applied to determine the static flexural spring constant of micro- and nanocantilever sensors, experimental techniques that do not require contact between the sensor and a surface at some point during the calibration process are still the exception rather than the rule. We describe a noncontact method using a microfluidic force tool that produces accurate forces and demonstrate that this, in combination with a thermal noise spectrum, can provide the static flexural spring constant for cantilever sensors of different geometric shapes over a wide range of spring constant values (≈0.8-160 N/m).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Parkin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Georg Hähner
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| |
Collapse
|