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Lin C, Lai SW, Shen CK, Chen CW, Tsai CF, Liu YS, Lu DY, Huang BR. Fenofibrate inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase expression through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase/HO-1/Sirt1 pathway in glioblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2551-2561. [PMID: 34520103 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and its associated conditions have significant impacts on public health at many levels worldwide, and cancer is the leading cause of death among adults. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-specific agonists, fibrates, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for managing hyperlipidemia. PPARα-specific agonists exert anti-cancer effects in many human cancer types, including glioblastoma (GBM). Recently, we have reported that the hypoxic state in GBM stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), thus contributing to tumor escape from immune surveillance by activating the expression of the pH-regulating protein carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9). In this study, we aimed to study the regulatory effects of the PPARα agonist fibrate on the regulation of HIF-1α expression and its downstream target protein in GBM. Our findings showed that fenofibrate is the high potency compound among the various fibrates that inhibit hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and CA9 expression in GBM. Moreover, fenofibrate-inhibited HIF-1α expression is mediated by HO-1 activation in GBM cells through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. In addition, fenofibrate-enhanced HO-1 upregulation activates SIRT1 and leads to subsequent accumulation of SIRT1 in the nucleus, which further promotes HIF-1α deacetylation and inhibits CA9 expression. Using a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, we also observed that fenofibrate inhibited HIF-1α protein synthesis. In addition, the administration of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 showed that fenofibrate promoted HIF-1α protein degradation in GBM. Hence, our results indicate that fenofibrate is a useful anti-GBM agent that modulates hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression through multiple cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kai Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ren Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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52
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Sokolov AV, Dostdar SA, Attwood MM, Krasilnikova AA, Ilina AA, Nabieva AS, Lisitsyna AA, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB. Brain Cancer Drug Discovery: Clinical Trials, Drug Classes, Targets, and Combinatorial Therapies. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1-32. [PMID: 34663683 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer is a formidable challenge for drug development, and drugs derived from many cutting-edge technologies are being tested in clinical trials. We manually characterized 981 clinical trials on brain tumors that were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov from 2010 to 2020. We identified 582 unique therapeutic entities targeting 581 unique drug targets and 557 unique treatment combinations involving drugs. We performed the classification of both the drugs and drug targets based on pharmacological and structural classifications. Our analysis demonstrates a large diversity of agents and targets. Currently, we identified 32 different pharmacological directions for therapies that are based on 42 structural classes of agents. Our analysis shows that kinase inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents, and cancer vaccines are the three most common classes of agents identified in trials. Agents in clinical trials demonstrated uneven distribution in combination approaches; chemotherapy agents, proteasome inhibitors, and immune modulators frequently appeared in combinations, whereas kinase inhibitors, modified immune effector cells did not as was shown by combination networks and descriptive statistics. This analysis provides an extensive overview of the drug discovery field in brain cancer, shifts that have been happening in recent years, and challenges that are likely to come. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides comprehensive quantitative analysis and discussion of the brain cancer drug discovery field, including classification of drug, targets, and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Sokolov
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Samira A Dostdar
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Misty M Attwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A Krasilnikova
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Ilina
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amina Sh Nabieva
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Lisitsyna
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.V.S., S.A.D., M.M.A., H.B.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy (A.V.S., S.A.D., A.A.K., A.A.I., A.S.N., A.A.L., V.N.C., V.V.T.) and Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology (V.V.T., H.B.S.), I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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53
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Nehra M, Uthappa UT, Kumar V, Kumar R, Dixit C, Dilbaghi N, Mishra YK, Kumar S, Kaushik A. Nanobiotechnology-assisted therapies to manage brain cancer in personalized manner. J Control Release 2021; 338:224-243. [PMID: 34418523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous investigated factors that limit brain cancer treatment efficacy such as ability of prescribed therapy to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), tumor specific delivery of a therapeutics, transport within brain interstitium, and resistance of tumor cells against therapies. Recent breakthroughs in the field of nano-biotechnology associated with developing multifunctional nano-theranostic emerged as an effective way to manage brain cancer in terms of higher efficacy and least possible adverse effects. Keeping challenges and state-of-art accomplishments into consideration, this review proposes a comprehensive, careful, and critical discussion focused on efficient nano-enabled platforms including nanocarriers for drug delivery across the BBB and nano-assisted therapies (e.g., nano-immunotherapy, nano-stem cell therapy, and nano-gene therapy) investigated for brain cancer treatment. Besides therapeutic efficacy point-of-view, efforts are being made to explore ways projected to tune such developed nano-therapeutic for treating patients in personalized manner via controlling size, drug loading, delivery, and retention. Personalized brain tumor management based on advanced nano-therapies can potentially lead to excellent therapeutic benefits based on unique genetic signatures in patients and their individual disease profile. Moreover, applicability of nano-systems as stimulants to manage the brain cancer growth factors has also been discussed in photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive information on emerging opportunities in nanotechnology for advancing the brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - U T Uthappa
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Chandra Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, United States.
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54
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Hoerig CM, Plant-Fox AS, Pulley MD, Di K, Bota DA. Exploring the role and clinical implications of proteasome inhibition in medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29168. [PMID: 34114315 PMCID: PMC10516099 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome-mediated protein degradation has been implicated in posttranslational oncogenesis in medulloblastoma. Current research is evaluating the clinical implications of proteasome inhibition as a therapeutic target. In medulloblastoma cell lines, proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation via multiple pathways involving activation of caspase pathways, NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway inhibition, reduced AKT/mTOR pathway activity, and pro-apoptotic protein expression. Second-generation proteasome inhibitors demonstrate blood-brain barrier penetration while maintaining antitumor effect. This review summarizes the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma and the potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clay M Hoerig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, USA
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ashley S Plant-Fox
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michelle D Pulley
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, USA
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kaijun Di
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daniela A Bota
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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55
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Simion V, Loussouarn C, Laurent Y, Roncali L, Gosset D, Reverchon F, Rousseau A, Martin F, Midoux P, Pichon C, Garcion E, Baril P. LentiRILES, a miRNA-ON sensor system for monitoring the functionality of miRNA in cancer biology and therapy. RNA Biol 2021; 18:198-214. [PMID: 34570661 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1978202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major unresolved challenge in miRNA biology is the capacity to monitor the spatiotemporal activity of miRNAs expressed in animal disease models. We recently reported that the miRNA-ON monitoring system called RILES (RNAi-inducible expression Luciferase system) implanted in lentivirus expression system (LentiRILES) offers unique opportunity to decipher the kinetics of miRNA activity in vitro, in relation with their intracellular trafficking in glioblastoma cells. In this study, we describe in detail the method for the production of LentiRILES stable cell lines and employed it in several applications in the field of miRNA biology and therapy. We show that LentiRILES is a robust, highly specific and sensitive miRNA sensor system that can be used in vitro as a single-cell miRNA monitoring method, cell-based screening platform for miRNA therapeutics and as a tool to analyse the structure-function relationship of the miRNA duplex. Furthermore, we report the kinetics of miRNA activity upon the intracranial delivery of miRNA mimics in an orthotopic animal model of glioblastoma. This information is exploited to evaluate the tumour suppressive function of miRNA-200c as locoregional therapeutic modality to treat glioblastoma. Our data provide evidence that LentiRILES is a robust system, well suited to resolve the activity of endogenous and exogenously expressed miRNAs from basic research to gene and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Simion
- Centre De Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Claire Loussouarn
- Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Angers, France
| | - Yoan Laurent
- Centre De Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Loris Roncali
- Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Angers, France
| | - David Gosset
- Centre De Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Flora Reverchon
- Centre De Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Angers, France
| | - Francisco Martin
- GENYO, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre De Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre De Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Emmanuel Garcion
- Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Baril
- Centre De Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
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56
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Zhang P, Ohkawa Y, Yamamoto S, Momota H, Kato A, Kaneko K, Natsume A, Farhana Y, Ohmi Y, Okajima T, Bhuiyan RH, Wakabayashi T, Furukawa K, Furukawa K. St8sia1-deficiency in mice alters tumor environments of gliomas, leading to reduced disease severity. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021; 83:535-549. [PMID: 34552288 PMCID: PMC8438004 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.83.3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside GD3/GD2 are over-expressed in various neuroectoderm-derived tumors. Previous studies indicated that GD3 is involved in the enhancement of cancer properties such as rapid growth and increased invasiveness. However, little is known about the functions of GD3/GD2 in glioma cells and glioma microenvironments. To clarify the functions of GD3/GD2 in gliomas, we used a mouse glioma model based on the RCAS/Gtv-a system. At first, we compared the gliomas size between wild-type (WT) and GD3 synthase (GD3S) knockout (KO) mice, showing a less malignant histology and slower tumor growth in GD3S-KO mice than in WT mice. Immunohistochemistry of glioma sections from WT and GD3S-KO mice revealed that reactive microglia/macrophages showed different localization patterns between the two genetic types of mice. CD68+ cells were more frequently stained inside glioma tissues of GD3S-KO mice, while they were stained mainly around glioma tissues in WT mice. The number of CD68+ cells markedly increased in tumor tissues of GD3S-KO mice at 2 weeks after injection of transfectant DF-1 cells. Furthermore, CD68+ cells in GD3S(-/-) glioma tissues expressed higher levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase. We observed higher expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in primary-cultured glioma cells of WT mice than in GD3S-KO mice. DNA microarray data also revealed differential expression levels of various cytokines and chemokines in glioma tissues between WT and GD3S-KO mice. These results suggest that expression of GD3S allows glioma cells to promote polarization of microglia/macrophages towards M2-like phenotypes by modulating the expression levels of chemokines and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute
| | - Satoko Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Kaneko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yesmin Farhana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuhsuke Ohmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Robiul H Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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57
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Binder S, Zipfel I, Müller C, Wiedemann K, Schimmelpfennig C, Pfeifer G, Reiche K, Hauschildt S, Lehmann J, Köhl U, Horn F, Friedrich M. The noncoding RNA LINC00152 conveys contradicting effects in different glioblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18499. [PMID: 34531451 PMCID: PMC8446032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive brain tumor, characterized by its high genetic heterogeneity. In search of novel putative therapeutic RNA targets we investigated the role of the oncogenic long noncoding RNA LINC00152 (CYTOR, and STAiR18) in A172 glioblastoma cells. Here, we are the first to describe, that LINC00152 unexpectedly acts in a tumor suppressive manner in this cell line. SiRNA-based knockdown of LINC00152 enhanced malignant tumor behaviors including proliferation, cell cycle entry, migration, and invasion, contradicting previous studies using U87-MG and LN229 glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, LINC00152 knockdown had no influence on survival of A172 glioblastoma cells. In a genome wide transcription analysis of A172 and U87-MG glioblastoma cells, we identified 70 LINC00152 target genes involved in locomotion, cell migration, and motility in A172 cells, whereas in U87-MG cells only 40 target genes were detected. The LINC00152-regulated genes found in A172 differed from those identified in U87-MG glioblastoma cells, none of them being regulated in both cell lines. These findings underline the strong genetic heterogeneity of glioblastoma and point to a potential, yet unknown risk addressing LINC00152 lncRNA as a prospective therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Binder
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ivonne Zipfel
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karolin Wiedemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Pfeifer
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sunna Hauschildt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedemann Horn
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maik Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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58
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Mamun AA, Sarwar MS, Nasrin F, Emran TB, Alanazi IS, Rauf A, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Mousa SA, Abdel-Daim MM. Natural Small Molecules Targeting NF-κB Signaling in Glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:703761. [PMID: 34512336 PMCID: PMC8429794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.703761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various genes that mediate various cellular activities, including propagation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Abnormal activation of NF-κB is a common incidence in several cancers. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer described by high cellular heterogeneity and almost unavoidable relapse following surgery and resistance to traditional therapy. In GBM, NF-κB is abnormally activated by various stimuli. Its function has been associated with different processes, including regulation of cancer cells with stem-like phenotypes, invasion of cancer cells, and radiotherapy resistance identification of mesenchymal cells. Even though multimodal therapeutic approaches such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutic drugs are used for treating GBM, however; the estimated mortality rate for GBM patients is around 1 year. Therefore, it is necessary to find out new therapeutic approaches for treating GBM. Many studies are focusing on therapeutics having less adverse effects owing to the failure of conventional chemotherapy and targeted agents. Several studies of compounds suggested the involvement of NF-κB signaling pathways in the growth and development of a tumor and GBM cell apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the involvement of NF-κB signaling in the molecular understanding of GBM and natural compounds targeting NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Nasrin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ibtesam S Alanazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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59
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A Genome-Wide Profiling of Glioma Patients with an IDH1 Mutation Using the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer Database. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174299. [PMID: 34503108 PMCID: PMC8428353 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioma patients that present a somatic mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene have a significantly better prognosis and overall survival than patients with the wild-type genotype. An IDH1 mutation is hypothesized to occur early during cellular transformation and leads to further genetic instability. A genome-wide profiling of glioma patients in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database was performed to classify the genetic differences in IDH1-mutant versus IDH1-wildtype patients. This classification will aid in a better understanding of how this specific mutation influences the genetic make-up of glioma and the resulting prognosis. Key differences in co-mutation and gene expression levels were identified that correlate with an improved prognosis. Abstract Gliomas are differentiated into two major disease subtypes, astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma, which are then characterized as either IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase)-wild type or IDH-mutant due to the dramatic differences in prognosis and overall survival. Here, we investigated the genetic background of IDH1-mutant gliomas using the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database. In astrocytoma patients, we found that IDH1 is often co-mutated with TP53, ATRX, AMBRA1, PREX1, and NOTCH1, but not CHEK2, EGFR, PTEN, or the zinc finger transcription factor ZNF429. The majority of the mutations observed in these genes were further confirmed to be either drivers or pathogenic by the Cancer-Related Analysis of Variants Toolkit (CRAVAT). Gene expression analysis showed down-regulation of DRG2 and MSN expression, both of which promote cell proliferation and invasion. There was also significant over-expression of genes such as NDRG3 and KCNB1 in IDH1-mutant astrocytoma patients. We conclude that IDH1-mutant glioma is characterized by significant genetic changes that could contribute to a better prognosis in glioma patients.
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60
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Chen M, Medarova Z, Moore A. Role of microRNAs in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1707-1723. [PMID: 34434499 PMCID: PMC8378762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary human brain cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of small endogenous non-coding RNA molecules which play critical roles in different biological processes including cancer. The realization of miRNA regulatory functions in GBM has demonstrated that these molecules play a critical role in its initiation, progression and response to therapy. In this review we discuss the studies related to miRNA discovery and function in glioblastoma. We first summarize the typical miRNAs and their roles in GBM. Then we debate the potential for miRNA-based therapy for glioblastoma, including various delivery strategies. We surmise that future directions identified by these studies will point towards the necessity for therapeutic development and optimization to improve the outcomes for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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61
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Lebel AA, Kisembo V M, Soucy MFN, Hébert MA, Morin P, Boudreau LH. Molecular characterization of the anticancer properties associated with bee venom and its components in glioblastoma multiforme. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109622. [PMID: 34375656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a frequent form of malignant glioma. Strategic therapeutic approaches to treat this type of brain tumor currently involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, survival of GBM patients remains in the 12-15 months range following diagnosis. Development of novel therapeutic approaches for this malignancy is therefore of utmost importance. Interestingly, bee venom and its components have shown promising anti-cancer activities in various types of cancer even though information pertaining to GBMs have been limited. The current work was thus undertaken to better characterize the anti-cancer properties of bee venom and its components in Hs683, T98G and U373 human glioma cells. MTT-based cell viability assays revealed IC50 values of 7.12, 15.35 and 7.60 μg/mL for cell lines Hs683, T98G and U373 treated with bee venom, respectively. Furthermore, melittin treatment of these cell lines resulted in IC50 values of 7.77, 31.53 and 12.34 μg/mL, respectively. Cell viability assessment by flow cytometry analysis confirmed signs of late apoptosis and necrosis after only 1 h of treatment with either bee venom or melittin in all three cell lines. Immunoblotting-based quantification of apoptotic markers demonstrated increased expression of Bak and Bax, while Caspsase-3 levels were significantly lower when compared to control cells. Quantification by qRT-PCR showed increased expression levels of long non-coding RNAs RP11-838N2.4 and XIST in glioma cells treated with either bee venom or melittin. Overall, this study provides preliminary insight on molecular mechanisms via which bee venom and its main components can impact viability of glioma cells and warrants further investigation of its anticancer potential in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa A Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Michée Kisembo V
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Marie-France N Soucy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - MathieuP A Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Pier Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1C 8X3, Canada.
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62
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Eslahi M, Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Sharifi M, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. The Effects of Sterol-Related Signaling Pathways on Glioma. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1527-1537. [PMID: 34338098 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are considered as one of the important brain tumors in adults due to their impact on life quality and cognitive functions. Current methods that are used for treating glioma are not satisfying enough. Understanding cellular and molecular events underlying its pathogenesis and progression may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. Sterols are a subtype of steroids and are essential for the physiologic functions of eukaryotic cells. Sterols can be produced by protozoans and microheterotrophs. Moreover, they are found in some natural sources, such as plants, animals, fungi, microalgae, and yeasts. Besides the roles of sterols in physiologic processes, studies have shown that they are involved in pathologic processes, including tumorigenesis and tumor progression. As investigations have revealed, sterol-related signaling pathways are involved in glioma and targeting them may result in new therapeutic options for patients. Thus, we summarized some of the sterol-related signaling pathways in glioma and how they can be associated with other signaling pathways, including EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR, P53, and retinoblastoma protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Eslahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Nose-to-brain delivery: exploring newer domains for glioblastoma multiforme management. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:1044-1056. [PMID: 32221847 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of the primary brain tumors in humans. The intricate pathophysiology, the development of resistance by tumor cells, and the inability of the drugs to effectively cross the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers result in poor prognosis for GBM patients, with a median survival time of only 1 to 2 years. Nose-to-brain delivery offers an attractive, noninvasive strategy to enhance drug penetration or transport novel drug/gene carriers into the brain. Although the exact mechanism of intranasal delivery remains elusive, the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways have been found to play a vital role in circumventing the traditional barriers of brain targeting. This review discusses the intranasal pathway as a novel domain for delivering drugs and nanocarriers encapsulating drugs/genes, as well as stem cell carriers specifically to the glioma cells. Considering the fact that most of these studies are still in preclinical stage, translating such intranasal delivery strategies from bench to bedside would be a critical step for better management and prognosis of GBM. Graphical abstract.
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Cha J, Kim P. Cancer Cell-Sticky Hydrogels to Target the Cell Membrane of Invading Glioblastomas. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31371-31378. [PMID: 34196172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their remarkable infiltrative traits, glioblastomas develop unclear tumor margins toward the brain, hampering the complete resection. Since the remaining invasive cells tend to have resistance to therapeutics and cause recurrence around the surgical voids, this has been a major challenge for glioblastoma treatment. Thus, we design a cancer cell-sticky hydrogel (CSH) that interacts with the glioblastoma cells to impede their invasive motility by modifying the cell membrane with active thiol-enriched interfaces. Highly reactive thiols at the cell surface can make the infiltrated cancer cells adhere to the hydrogel, resulting in increased cell adhesion and decreased motility. Cotreatment with the CSH and chemical inhibitors of the major proinvasive molecules, focal adhesion kinase and hyaluronic acid synthase, maximized the invasion-inhibitory effect. In addition, a significant decrease in tumor mass was achieved via CSH implantation in mouse models. Overall, our results highlight the use of the CSH to inhibit the aggressive invasion as a novel therapeutic strategy against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Cha
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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65
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Li A, Zhang T, Huang T, Lin R, Mu J, Su Y, Sun H, Jiang X, Wu H, Xu D, Cao H, Sun X, Ling D, Gao J. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Promote Cx43-Overexpression of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Efficient Suicide Gene Therapy during Glioma Treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8254-8269. [PMID: 34373740 PMCID: PMC8344020 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied as a promising vehicle for tumour-targeted delivery of suicide genes in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) suicide gene therapy against malignant gliomas. The efficiency of this strategy is largely dependent on the bystander effect, which relies on high suicide gene expression levels and efficient transportation of activated GCV towards glioma cells. However, up to now, the methods to enhance the bystander effect of this strategy in an efficient and safe way are still lacking and new approaches to improve this therapeutic strategy are required. Methods: In this study, MSCs were gene transfected using magnetosome-like ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanochains (MFIONs) to highly express HSV-tk. Both the suicide and bystander effects of HSV-tk expressed MSCs (MSCs-tk) were quantitatively evaluated. Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression by MSCs and glioma cells was measured under different treatments. Intercellular communication between MSCs and C6 glioma cells was examined using a dye transfer assay. Glioma tropism and the bio-distribution of MSCs-tk were observed. Anti-tumour activity was investigated in the orthotopic glioma of rats after intravenous administration of MSCs-tk followed by intraperitoneal injection of GCV. Results: Gene transfection using MFIONs achieved sufficient expression of HSV-tk and triggered Cx43 overexpression in MSCs. These Cx43 overexpressing MSCs promoted gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) between MSCs and glioma cells, resulting in significantly inhibited growth of glioma through an improved bystander effect. Outstanding tumour targeting and significantly prolonged survival with decreased tumour size were observed after the treatment using MFION-transfected MSCs in glioma model rats. Conclusion: Our results show that iron oxide nanoparticles have the potential to improve the suicide gene expression levels of transfected MSCs, while promoting the GJIC formation between MSCs and tumour cells, which enhances the sensitivity of glioma cells to HSV-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy.
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66
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Miles X, Vandevoorde C, Hunter A, Bolcaen J. MDM2/X Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers for Glioblastoma Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703442. [PMID: 34307171 PMCID: PMC8296304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the MDM2/X-p53 interaction is recognized as a potential anti-cancer strategy, including the treatment of glioblastoma (GB). In response to cellular stressors, such as DNA damage, the tumor suppression protein p53 is activated and responds by mediating cellular damage through DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hence, p53 activation plays a central role in cell survival and the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Alterations and reduced activity of p53 occur in 25-30% of primary GB tumors, but this number increases drastically to 60-70% in secondary GB. As a result, reactivating p53 is suggested as a treatment strategy, either by using targeted molecules to convert the mutant p53 back to its wild type form or by using MDM2 and MDMX (also known as MDM4) inhibitors. MDM2 down regulates p53 activity via ubiquitin-dependent degradation and is amplified or overexpressed in 14% of GB cases. Thus, suppression of MDM2 offers an opportunity for urgently needed new therapeutic interventions for GB. Numerous small molecule MDM2 inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy and/or other targeted agents. In addition, considering the major role of both p53 and MDM2 in the downstream signaling response to radiation-induced DNA damage, the combination of MDM2 inhibitors with radiation may offer a valuable therapeutic radiosensitizing approach for GB therapy. This review covers the role of MDM2/X in cancer and more specifically in GB, followed by the rationale for the potential radiosensitizing effect of MDM2 inhibition. Finally, the current status of MDM2/X inhibition and p53 activation for the treatment of GB is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthene Miles
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alistair Hunter
- Radiobiology Section, Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ohkawa Y, Zhang P, Momota H, Kato A, Hashimoto N, Ohmi Y, Bhuiyan RH, Farhana Y, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T, Furukawa K, Furukawa K. Lack of GD3 synthase (St8sia1) attenuates malignant properties of gliomas in genetically engineered mouse model. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3756-3768. [PMID: 34145699 PMCID: PMC8409297 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of gangliosides GD3 and GD2 is observed in human gliomas. The functions of GD3 and GD2 in malignant properties have been reported in glioma cells in vitro, but those functions have not yet been investigated in vivo. In this study, we showed that deficiency of GD3 synthase (GD3S, St8sia1) attenuated glioma progression and clinical and pathological features in a platelet-derived growth factor B-driven murine glioma model. Lack of GD3S resulted in the prolonged lifespan of glioma-bearing mice and low-grade pathology in generated gliomas. Correspondingly, they showed reduced phosphorylation levels of Akt, Erks, and Src family kinases in glioma tissues. A DNA microarray study revealed marked alteration in the expression of various genes, particularly in MMP family genes, in GD3S-deficient gliomas. Re-expression of GD3S restored expression of MMP9 in primary-cultured glioma cells. We also identified a transcription factor, Ap2α, expressed in parallel with GD3S expression, and showed that Ap2α was critical for the induction of MMP9 by transfection of its cDNA and luciferase reporter genes, and a ChIP assay. These findings suggest that GD3S enhances the progression of gliomas by enhancement of the Ap2α-MMP9 axis. This is the first report to describe the tumor-enhancing functions of GD3S in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgical Neuro-Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noboru Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuhsuke Ohmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Robiul H Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yesmin Farhana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Bolcaen J, Nair S, Driver CHS, Boshomane TMG, Ebenhan T, Vandevoorde C. Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway Inhibitors for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:626. [PMID: 34209513 PMCID: PMC8308832 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) remains the most fatal brain tumor characterized by a high infiltration rate and treatment resistance. Overexpression and/or mutation of receptor tyrosine kinases is common in GB, which subsequently leads to the activation of many downstream pathways that have a critical impact on tumor progression and therapy resistance. Therefore, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs) have been investigated to improve the dismal prognosis of GB in an effort to evolve into a personalized targeted therapy strategy with a better treatment outcome. Numerous RTKIs have been approved in the clinic and several radiopharmaceuticals are part of (pre)clinical trials as a non-invasive method to identify patients who could benefit from RTKI. The latter opens up the scope for theranostic applications. In this review, the present status of RTKIs for the treatment, nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy of GB is presented. The focus will be on seven tyrosine kinase receptors, based on their central role in GB: EGFR, VEGFR, MET, PDGFR, FGFR, Eph receptor and IGF1R. Finally, by way of analyzing structural and physiological characteristics of the TKIs with promising clinical trial results, four small molecule RTKIs were selected based on their potential to become new therapeutic GB radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
| | - Cathryn H. S. Driver
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Brits 0240, South Africa;
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
| | - Tebatso M. G. Boshomane
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Pre-Clinical Imaging Facility, Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, Pelindaba, Brits 0242, South Africa;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Department of Science and Technology, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town 7131, South Africa;
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Xiang C, Frietze KK, Bi Y, Li Y, Dal Pozzo V, Pal S, Alexander N, Baubet V, D’Acunto V, Mason CE, Davuluri RV, Dahmane N. RP58 Represses Transcriptional Programs Linked to Nonneuronal Cell Identity and Glioblastoma Subtypes in Developing Neurons. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0052620. [PMID: 33903225 PMCID: PMC8315738 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00526-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
How mammalian neuronal identity is progressively acquired and reinforced during development is not understood. We have previously shown that loss of RP58 (ZNF238 or ZBTB18), a BTB/POZ-zinc finger-containing transcription factor, in the mouse brain leads to microcephaly, corpus callosum agenesis, and cerebellum hypoplasia and that it is required for normal neuronal differentiation. The transcriptional programs regulated by RP58 during this process are not known. Here, we report for the first time that in embryonic mouse neocortical neurons a complex set of genes normally expressed in other cell types, such as those from mesoderm derivatives, must be actively repressed in vivo and that RP58 is a critical regulator of these repressed transcriptional programs. Importantly, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analyses of these transcriptional programs indicate that repressed genes include distinct sets of genes significantly associated with glioma progression and/or pluripotency. We also demonstrate that reintroducing RP58 in glioma stem cells leads not only to aspects of neuronal differentiation but also to loss of stem cell characteristics, including loss of stem cell markers and decrease in stem cell self-renewal capacities. Thus, RP58 acts as an in vivo master guardian of the neuronal identity transcriptome, and its function may be required to prevent brain disease development, including glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomei Xiang
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karla K. Frietze
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yingtao Bi
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yanwen Li
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valentina Dal Pozzo
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharmistha Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noah Alexander
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valerie Baubet
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine (D3b), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Victoria D’Acunto
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ramana V. Davuluri
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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70
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Huang M, Zhang D, Wu JY, Xing K, Yeo E, Li C, Zhang L, Holland E, Yao L, Qin L, Binder ZA, O'Rourke DM, Brem S, Koumenis C, Gong Y, Fan Y. Wnt-mediated endothelial transformation into mesenchymal stem cell-like cells induces chemoresistance in glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/532/eaay7522. [PMID: 32102932 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance remains a persistent challenge for patients with malignant tumors. Here, we reveal that endothelial cells (ECs) acquire transformation into mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells in glioblastoma (GBM), driving tumor resistance to cytotoxic treatment. Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that ECs undergo mesenchymal transformation and stemness-like activation in GBM microenvironment. Furthermore, we identified a c-Met-mediated axis that induces β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser675 and Wnt signaling activation, inducing multidrug resistance-associated protein-1(MRP-1) expression and leading to EC stemness-like activation and chemoresistance. Last, genetic ablation of β-catenin in ECs overcome GBM tumor resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy in vivo. Combination of Wnt inhibition and TMZ chemotherapy eliminated tumor-associated ECs, inhibited GBM growth, and increased mouse survival. These findings identified a cell plasticity-based, microenvironment-dependent mechanism that controls tumor chemoresistance, and suggest that targeting Wnt/β-catenin-mediated EC transformation and stemness activation may overcome therapeutic resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menggui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janet Y Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Kun Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eujin Yeo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Holland
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Human Genetics and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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71
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Jafari SH, Rabiei N, Taghizadieh M, Mirazimi SMA, Kowsari H, Farzin MA, Razaghi Bahabadi Z, Rezaei S, Mohammadi AH, Alirezaei Z, Dashti F, Nejati M. Joint application of biochemical markers and imaging techniques in the accurate and early detection of glioblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153528. [PMID: 34171601 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a primary brain tumor with the most metastatic effect in adults. Despite the wide range of multidimensional treatments, tumor heterogeneity is one of the main causes of tumor spread and gives great complexity to diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Therefore, featuring noble noninvasive prognostic methods that are focused on glioblastoma heterogeneity is perceived as an urgent need. Imaging neuro-oncological biomarkers including MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation status, tumor grade along with other tumor characteristics and demographic features (e.g., age) are commonly referred to during diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic processes. Therefore, the use of new noninvasive prognostic methods focused on glioblastoma heterogeneity is considered an urgent need. Some neuronal biomarkers, including the promoter methylation status of the promoter MGMT, the characteristics and grade of the tumor, along with the patient's demographics (such as age and sex) are involved in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Among the wide array of imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging combined with the more physiologically detailed technique of H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be useful in diagnosing neurological cancer patients. In addition, intracranial tumor qualitative analysis and sometimes tumor biopsies help in accurate diagnosis. This review summarizes the evidence for biochemical biomarkers being a reliable biomarker in the early detection and disease management in GBM. Moreover, we highlight the correlation between Imaging techniques and biochemical biomarkers and ask whether they can be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamed Jafari
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayad Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Farzin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Bahabadi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Alirezaei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Paramedical School, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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72
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Herrera-Oropeza GE, Angulo-Rojo C, Gástelum-López SA, Varela-Echavarría A, Hernández-Rosales M, Aviña-Padilla K. Glioblastoma multiforme: a multi-omics analysis of driver genes and tumour heterogeneity. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200072. [PMID: 34123356 PMCID: PMC8193468 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common brain cancer in adults with the lowest life expectancy. The current neuro-oncology practice has incorporated genes involved in key molecular events that drive GBM tumorigenesis as biomarkers to guide diagnosis and design treatment. This study summarizes findings describing the significant heterogeneity of GBM at the transcriptional and genomic levels, emphasizing 18 driver genes with clinical relevance. A pattern was identified fitting the stem cell model for GBM ontogenesis, with an upregulation profile for MGMT and downregulation for ATRX, H3F3A, TP53 and EGFR in the mesenchymal subtype. We also detected overexpression of EGFR, NES, VIM and TP53 in the classical subtype and of MKi67 and OLIG2 genes in the proneural subtype. Furthermore, we found a combination of the four biomarkers EGFR, NES, OLIG2 and VIM with a remarkable differential expression pattern which confers them a strong potential to determine the GBM molecular subtype. A unique distribution of somatic mutations was found for the young and adult population, particularly for genes related to DNA repair and chromatin remodelling, highlighting ATRX, MGMT and IDH1. Our results also revealed that highly lesioned genes undergo differential regulation with particular biological pathways for young patients. This multi-omic analysis will help delineate future strategies related to the use of these molecular markers for clinical decision-making in the medical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Emilio Herrera-Oropeza
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.,Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carla Angulo-Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Santos Alberto Gástelum-López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | | | - Katia Aviña-Padilla
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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73
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Yang F, He Z, Duan H, Zhang D, Li J, Yang H, Dorsey JF, Zou W, Nabavizadeh SA, Bagley SJ, Abdullah K, Brem S, Zhang L, Xu X, Byrne KT, Vonderheide RH, Gong Y, Fan Y. Synergistic immunotherapy of glioblastoma by dual targeting of IL-6 and CD40. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3424. [PMID: 34103524 PMCID: PMC8187342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunologically-cold tumors including glioblastoma (GBM) are refractory to checkpoint blockade therapy, largely due to extensive infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages (Mϕs). Consistent with a pro-tumor role of IL-6 in alternative Mϕs polarization, we here show that targeting IL-6 by genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition moderately improves T-cell infiltration into GBM and enhances mouse survival; however, IL-6 inhibition does not synergize PD-1 and CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade. Interestingly, anti-IL-6 therapy reduces CD40 expression in GBM-associated Mϕs. We identify a Stat3/HIF-1α-mediated axis, through which IL-6 executes an anti-tumor role to induce CD40 expression in Mϕs. Combination of IL-6 inhibition with CD40 stimulation reverses Mϕ-mediated tumor immunosuppression, sensitizes tumors to checkpoint blockade, and extends animal survival in two syngeneic GBM models, particularly inducing complete regression of GL261 tumors after checkpoint blockade. Thus, antibody cocktail-based immunotherapy that combines checkpoint blockade with dual-targeting of IL-6 and CD40 may offer exciting opportunities for GBM and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juehui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay F Dorsey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen J Bagley
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kalil Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katelyn T Byrne
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Human Genetics and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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74
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Jeong S, Jung S, Park GS, Shin J, Oh JW. Piperine synergistically enhances the effect of temozolomide against temozolomide-resistant human glioma cell lines. Bioengineered 2021; 11:791-800. [PMID: 32693671 PMCID: PMC8291786 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1794100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating chemotherapy agent used in the clinical treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Piperine (PIP) is a naturally occurring pungent nitrogenous substance present in the fruits of peppers. We investigated the anti-cancer efficacies of PIP alone and in combination with TMZ in GBM cellsusingparameters such as cell proliferation, cellular apoptosis,caspase-8/-9/-3 activities, cell cycle kinetics, wound-healing ability, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Treatment with PIP and alow concentration of PIP-TMZ, inhibited cell growth, similar to TMZ.PIP-TMZ promoted apoptosis by activation of caspase-8/-9/-3, MMP loss, and inhibition of in vitro wound-healing motility. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significant inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)4/6−cyclin D and CDK2−cyclin-E expression upon treatment with a low concentration PIP-TMZ, suggesting an S to G1 arrest. Our findings provide insight into the apoptotic potential of the combination of a low concentration of PIP-TMZ, though further in vivo study will be needed for its validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghwa Jung
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyun-Seok Park
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University , Seoul, Korea
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75
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Jane EP, Premkumar DR, Rajasundaram D, Thambireddy S, Reslink MC, Agnihotri S, Pollack IF. Reversing tozasertib resistance in glioma through inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:219-249. [PMID: 34058053 PMCID: PMC8732347 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents limits their effectiveness and can cause cancer treatment to fail. Because enzymes in the aurora kinase family are vital regulators of several mitotic events, we reasoned that targeting these kinases with tozasertib, a pan‐aurora kinase inhibitor, would not only cause cytokinesis defects, but also induce cell death in high‐grade pediatric and adult glioma cell lines. We found that tozasertib induced cell cycle arrest, increased mitochondrial permeability and reactive oxygen species generation, inhibited cell growth and migration, and promoted cellular senescence and pro‐apoptotic activity. However, sustained exposure to tozasertib at clinically relevant concentrations conferred resistance, which led us to examine the mechanistic basis for the emergence of drug resistance. RNA‐sequence analysis revealed a significant upregulation of the gene encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4), a pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibitory kinase that plays a crucial role in the control of metabolic flexibility under various physiological conditions. Upregulation of PDK1, PDK2, PDK3, or PDK4 protein levels was positively correlated with tozasertib‐induced resistance through inhibition of PDH activity. Tozasertib‐resistant cells exhibited increased mitochondrial mass as measured by 10‐N‐nonyl‐Acridine Orange. Inhibition of PDK with dichloroacetate resulted in increased mitochondrial permeability and cell death in tozasertib‐resistant glioma cell lines. Based on these results, we believe that PDK is a selective target for the tozasertib resistance phenotype and should be considered for further preclinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P Jane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Daniel R Premkumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA, USA
| | | | - Swetha Thambireddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C Reslink
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, PA, USA
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76
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Wang G, Zhou H, Tian L, Yan T, Han X, Chen P, Li H, Wang W, Xiao Z, Hou L, Xue X. A Prognostic DNA Damage Repair Genes Signature and Its Impact on Immune Cell Infiltration in Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682932. [PMID: 34123852 PMCID: PMC8193723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glioma is the most frequent type of malignant cerebral tumors. DNA damage repair genes (DDRGs) play a crucial role in the development of cancer. In this study, we constructed a DDRGs signature and investigated the potential mechanisms involved in this disease. Methods RNA sequence data, microarray data, and corresponding clinical information of gliomas were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Subsequently, we identified candidate genes by differential analysis and Cox regression analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model was utilized to construct a DDRGs signature using TCGA training dataset. According to this signature, patients with glioma were divided into low- and high-risk groups. The predictive ability of the signature was validated by prognostic analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, principal component analysis, and stratification analysis in TCGA testing and CGGA verification datasets. CIBERSORT and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were used to evaluate the immune microenvironment of glioma. Moreover, we conducted GSEA to determine the functions and pathways in the low- and high-risk groups. Finally, a nomogram was constructed by combining the signature and other clinical features. Results A total of 1,431 samples of glioma (592 from TCGA, 686 from the CGGA, and 153 from the GEO) and 23 samples of normal brain tissue from the GEO were analyzed in this study. There were 51 prognostic differentially expressed DDRGs. Additionally, five DDRGs (CDK4、HMGB2、WEE1、SMC3 and GADD45G) were selected to construct a DDRGs signature for glioma, stratifying patients into low- and high-risk groups. The survival analysis showed that the DDRGs signature could differentiate the outcome of the low- and high-risk groups, showing that high-risk gliomas were associated with shorter overall survival. The immune microenvironment analysis revealed that more immunosuppressive cells, such as tumor associated macrophages and regulatory T cells, were recruited in the high-risk group. GSEA also showed that high-risk glioma was correlated with the immune and extracellular matrix pathways. Conclusion The five DDRGs signature and its impact on the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells could precisely predict the prognosis and provide guidance on the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huandi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianfang Yan
- Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Xuetao Han
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiqing Xiao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liubing Hou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoying Xue
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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77
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Baghbani E, Noorolyai S, Duijf PHG, Silvestris N, Kolahian S, Hashemzadeh S, Baghbanzadeh Kojabad A, FallahVazirabad A, Baradaran B. The impact of microRNAs on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:668-678. [PMID: 34020831 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation promotes cancer development. To a large extent, this can be attributed to the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumors. These cells are known for establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by suppressing T cell activities. However, MDSCs also promote metastasis and angiogenesis. Critically, as small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) control MDSC activities. In this review, we discuss how miRNA networks regulate key MDSC signaling pathways, how they shape MDSC development, differentiation and activation, and how this impacts tumor development. By targeting the expression of miRNAs in MDSCs, we can alter their main signaling pathways. In turn, this can compromise their ability to promote multiple hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, this may represent a new powerful strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Bari, Italy. Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Shahryar Hashemzadeh
- General and Vascular Surgery Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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78
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Cai X, Wang M, Mu P, Jian T, Liu D, Ding S, Luo Y, Du D, Song Y, Chen CL, Lin Y. Sequence-Defined Nanotubes Assembled from IR780-Conjugated Peptoids for Chemophototherapy of Malignant Glioma. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9861384. [PMID: 34104892 PMCID: PMC8147695 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9861384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced phototherapy through NIR agents has demonstrated the great potential for cancer therapy. However, insufficient tumor killing due to the nonuniform heat or cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) distribution over tumors from phototherapy results in tumor recurrence and inferior outcomes. To achieve high tumor killing efficacy, one of the solutions is to employ the combinational treatment of phototherapy with other modalities, especially with chemotherapeutic agents. In this paper, a simple and effective multimodal therapeutic system was designed via combining chemotherapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) to achieve the polytherapy of malignant glioma which is one of the most aggressive tumors in the brain. IR-780 (IR780) dye-labeled tube-forming peptoids (PepIR) were synthesized and self-assembled into crystalline nanotubes (PepIR nanotubes). These PepIR nanotubes showed an excellent efficacy for PDT/PTT because the IR780 photosensitizers were effectively packed and separated from each other within crystalline nanotubes by tuning IR780 density; thus, a self-quenching of these IR780 molecules was significantly reduced. Moreover, the efficient DOX loading achieved due to the nanotube large surface area contributed to an efficient and synergistic chemotherapy against glioma cells. Given the unique properties of peptoids and peptoid nanotubes, we believe that the developed multimodal DOX-loaded PepIR nanotubes in this work offer great promises for future glioma therapy in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Cai
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Mingming Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Peng Mu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Tengyue Jian
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Shichao Ding
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Yanan Luo
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Yang Song
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642920 Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Zhao W, Dovas A, Spinazzi EF, Levitin HM, Banu MA, Upadhyayula P, Sudhakar T, Marie T, Otten ML, Sisti MB, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Sims PA. Deconvolution of cell type-specific drug responses in human tumor tissue with single-cell RNA-seq. Genome Med 2021; 13:82. [PMID: 33975634 PMCID: PMC8114529 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies require models that recapitulate the cellular diversity of human tumors and provide insight into the drug sensitivities of specific cellular populations. The ideal platform would enable rapid screening of cell type-specific drug sensitivities directly in patient tumor tissue and reveal strategies to overcome intratumoral heterogeneity. METHODS We combine multiplexed drug perturbation in acute slice culture from freshly resected tumors with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile transcriptome-wide drug responses in individual patients. We applied this approach to drug perturbations on slices derived from six glioblastoma (GBM) resections to identify conserved drug responses and to one additional GBM resection to identify patient-specific responses. RESULTS We used scRNA-seq to demonstrate that acute slice cultures recapitulate the cellular and molecular features of the originating tumor tissue and the feasibility of drug screening from an individual tumor. Detailed investigation of etoposide, a topoisomerase poison, and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat in acute slice cultures revealed cell type-specific responses across multiple patients. Etoposide has a conserved impact on proliferating tumor cells, while panobinostat treatment affects both tumor and non-tumor populations, including unexpected effects on the immune microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Acute slice cultures recapitulate the major cellular and molecular features of GBM at the single-cell level. In combination with scRNA-seq, this approach enables cell type-specific analysis of sensitivity to multiple drugs in individual tumors. We anticipate that this approach will facilitate pre-clinical studies that identify effective therapies for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Athanassios Dovas
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Hanna Mendes Levitin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Matei Alexandru Banu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Pavan Upadhyayula
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tejaswi Sudhakar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tamara Marie
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marc L Otten
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michael B Sisti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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80
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Cingöz A, Ozyerli-Goknar E, Morova T, Seker-Polat F, Esai Selvan M, Gümüş ZH, Bhere D, Shah K, Solaroglu I, Bagci-Onder T. Generation of TRAIL-resistant cell line models reveals distinct adaptive mechanisms for acquired resistance and re-sensitization. Oncogene 2021; 40:3201-3216. [PMID: 33767436 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces tumor cell-specific apoptosis, making it a prime therapeutic candidate. However, many tumor cells are either innately TRAIL-resistant, or they acquire resistance with adaptive mechanisms that remain poorly understood. In this study, we generated acquired TRAIL resistance models using multiple glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines to assess the molecular alterations in the TRAIL-resistant state. We selected TRAIL-resistant cells through chronic and long-term TRAIL exposure and noted that they showed persistent resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Among known TRAIL-sensitizers, proteosome inhibitor Bortezomib, but not HDAC inhibitor MS-275, was effective in overcoming resistance in all cell models. This was partly achieved through upregulating death receptors and pro-apoptotic proteins, and downregulating major anti-apoptotic members, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. We showed that CRISPR/Cas9 mediated silencing of DR5 could block Bortezomib-mediated re-sensitization, demonstrating its critical role. While overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL was sufficient to confer resistance to TRAIL-sensitive cells, it failed to override Bortezomib-mediated re-sensitization. With RNA sequencing in multiple paired TRAIL-sensitive and TRAIL-resistant cells, we identified major alterations in inflammatory signaling, particularly in the NF-κB pathway. Inhibiting NF-κB substantially sensitized the most resistant cells to TRAIL, however, the sensitization effect was not as great as what was observed with Bortezomib. Together, our findings provide new models of acquired TRAIL resistance, which will provide essential tools to gain further insight into the heterogeneous therapy responses within GBM tumors. Additionally, these findings emphasize the critical importance of combining proteasome inhibitors and pro-apoptotic ligands to overcome acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Cingöz
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Ozyerli-Goknar
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Tunc Morova
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Fidan Seker-Polat
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep Hülya Gümüş
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepak Bhere
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
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81
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da Cruz LLP, de Souza PO, Dal Prá M, Falchetti M, de Abreu AM, Azambuja JH, Bertoni APS, Paz AHR, Araújo AB, Visioli F, Fazolo T, da Silva GG, Worm PV, Wink MR, Zanotto-Filho A, Braganhol E. TLR4 expression and functionality are downregulated in glioblastoma cells and in tumor-associated macrophages: A new mechanism of immune evasion? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166155. [PMID: 33932524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor, in which the presence of an inflammatory environment, composed mainly by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), is related to its progression and development of chemoresistance. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system and their expression in both tumor and immune-associated cells may impact the cell communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further modeling cancer growth and response to therapy. Here, we investigated the participation of TLR4-mediated signaling as a mechanism of induced-immune escape in GB. Initially, bioinformatics analysis of public datasets revealed that TLR4 expression is lower in GB tumors when compared to astrocytomas (AST), and in a subset of TAMs. Further, we confirmed that TLR4 expression is downregulated in chemoresistant GB, as well as in macrophages co-cultured with GB cells. Additionally, TLR4 function is impaired in those cells even following stimulation with LPS, an agonist of TLR4. Finally, experiments performed in a cohort of clinical primary and metastatic brain tumors indicated that the immunostaining of TLR4 and CD45 are inversely proportional, and confirmed the low TLR4 expression in GBs. Interestingly, the cytoplasmic/nuclear pattern of TLR4 staining in cancer tissues suggests additional roles of this receptor in carcinogenesis. Overall, our data suggest the downregulation of TLR4 expression and activity as a strategy for GB-associated immune escape. Additional studies are necessary to better understand TLR4 signaling in TME in order to improve the benefits of immunotherapy based on TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L P da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P O de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Dal Prá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M Falchetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A M de Abreu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J H Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A P S Bertoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A H R Paz
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A B Araújo
- Centro de Processamento Celular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Visioli
- Faculdade de Odontologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T Fazolo
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G G da Silva
- Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P V Worm
- Hospital São José, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Cirurgia, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M R Wink
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A Zanotto-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - E Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária do Instituto de Cardiologia (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ortiz R, Perazzoli G, Cabeza L, Jiménez-Luna C, Luque R, Prados J, Melguizo C. Temozolomide: An Updated Overview of Resistance Mechanisms, Nanotechnology Advances and Clinical Applications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:513-537. [PMID: 32589560 PMCID: PMC8206461 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200626204005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating prodrug which delivers a methyl group to purine bases of DNA (O6-guanine; N7-guanine and N3-adenine), is frequently used together with radiotherapy as part of the first-line treatment of high-grade gliomas. The main advantages are its high oral bioavailability (almost 100% although the concentration found in the cerebrospinal fluid was approximately 20% of the plasma concentration of TMZ), its lipophilic properties, and small size that confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, this agent has demonstrated activity not only in brain tumors but also in a variety of solid tumors. However, conventional therapy using surgery, radiation, and TMZ in glioblastoma results in a median patient survival of 14.6 months. Treatment failure has been associated with tumor drug resistance. This phenomenon has been linked to the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, but the mismatch repair system and the presence of cancer stem-like cells in tumors have also been related to TMZ resistance. The understanding of these mechanisms is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies in the clinical use of TMZ, including the use of nanomaterial delivery systems and the association with other chemotherapy agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the resistance mechanisms of TMZ and the current advances to improve its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ortiz
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Luque
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen de las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
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83
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Gul SI, Ayoub A, Ali SA, Hanook S, Baig DN. Profilin 3 genetic architecture in glioma formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) archive. Gene 2021; 787:145614. [PMID: 33775850 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pfn3 is an intron-less gene, encoding actin binding protein that affects structure of cytoskeleton. Although, Pfn3 is mentioned in Allen Brain Atlas and in adult and prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset, however, no report on brain and/or brain tumor associated Pfn3 nucleotide sequences are available in the databases. Moreover, pfn3 and pfn4 are always considered as testicular specific genes. The current study explored transcriptional expression profile and genetic architecture of pfn3 in a cohort of fifty formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) human glioma archive tissues. Results of designed study highlighted the significant dysregulated transcriptional pattern of pfn3. Molecular similarity index indicated 97% in nucleotide and 93% homology in protein sequences (with clear differences in nine amino acid residues). Thus, molecular variations in the pfn3 may be corelated with the malignancy of brain tumors, as previously, pfn1 and pfn2 were reported as tumor suppressor genes in other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ijaz Gul
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ayoub
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aoun Ali
- The Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Sharoon Hanook
- Department of Statistics, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Deeba Noreen Baig
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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84
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Jiapaer S, Furuta T, Dong Y, Kitabayashi T, Sabit H, Zhang J, Zhang G, Tanaka S, Kobayashi M, Hirao A, Nakada M. Identification of 2-Fluoropalmitic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Against Glioblastoma. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4675-4684. [PMID: 32348209 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200429092742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs) are aggressive malignant brain tumors. Although chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) can extend patient survival, most patients eventually demonstrate resistance. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents that overcome TMZ chemoresistance are required to improve patient outcomes. PURPOSE Drug screening is an efficient method to find new therapeutic agents from existing drugs. In this study, we explored a novel anti-glioma agent by drug screening and analyzed its function with respect to GBM treatment for future clinical applications. METHODS Drug libraries containing 1,301 diverse chemical compounds were screened against two glioma stem cell (GSC) lines for drug candidate selection. The effect of selected agents on GSCs and glioma was estimated through viability, proliferation, sphere formation, and invasion assays. Combination therapy was performed to assess its ability to enhance TMZ cytotoxicity against GBM. To clarify the mechanism of action, we performed methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, gelatin zymography, and western blot analysis. RESULTS The acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor 2-fluoropalmitic acid (2-FPA) was selected as a candidate anti-glioma agent. 2-FPA suppressed the viability and stem-like phenotype of GSCs. It also inhibited proliferation and invasion of glioma cell lines. Combination therapy of 2-FPA with TMZ synergistically enhanced the efficacy of TMZ. 2-FPA suppressed the expression of phosphor-ERK, CD133, and SOX-2; reduced MMP-2 activity; and increased methylation of the MGMT promoter. CONCLUSION 2-FPA was identified as a potential therapeutic agent against GBM. To extend these findings, physiological studies are required to examine the efficacy of 2-FPA against GBM in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabierjiang Jiapaer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yu Dong
- Shenzhen SAMII Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Hemragul Sabit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jiakang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirao
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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85
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Meng L, Wang C, Lu Y, Sheng G, Yang L, Wu Z, Xu H, Han C, Lu Y, Han F. Targeted Regulation of Blood-Brain Barrier for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficiency of Hypoxia-Modifier Nanoparticles and Immune Checkpoint Blockade Antibodies for Glioblastoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11657-11671. [PMID: 33684289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most destructive type of brain cancer. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a tremendous obstacle that hinders therapeutic agents, such as chemical drugs and antibodies, from reaching glioblastoma tissues. Meanwhile, the abnormal microenvironment of glioblastoma extremely restricts the expected therapeutic effects of accumulated drugs. Therefore, in the present study, BBB-regulating nanovesicles (BRN) are developed to achieve targeted and controlled BBB regulation, carrying adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) agonists and perfluorocarbon (PF). The red-blood-cell membrane (RBCM) is included on the outside to avoid the premature release of therapeutic agents. In the presence of ultrasonication (US), A2AR agonists are released and induce effects on both F-actin and tight junctions of endothelial cells. Subsequently, BBB permeability is temporarily increased and enables small molecules and nanoparticles to enter brain parenchymal tissues. The high affinity between manganese dioxide and temozolomide (TMZ) is utilized to form multifunctional nanoparticles to ameliorate the hypoxic microenvironment, which yields improved glioblastoma inhibition combined with radiotherapy. Moreover, with the aid of targeted BBB regulation, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody induces a tumor-specific immune response. Taken together, the findings suggest that synergistic combination may have the potential in amplifying the therapeutic efficacies of clinical drugs and immune checkpoint blockade antibodies to overcome the therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cuirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yaping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Gang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhouyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingmei Lu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Hypoxia-Induced Reactivity of Tumor-Associated Astrocytes Affects Glioma Cell Properties. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030613. [PMID: 33802060 PMCID: PMC7999295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by extensive necrotic areas with surrounding hypoxia. The cancer cell response to hypoxia in these areas is well-described; it involves a metabolic shift and an increase in stem cell-like characteristics. Less is known about the hypoxic response of tumor-associated astrocytes, a major component of the glioma tumor microenvironment. Here, we used primary human astrocytes and a genetically engineered glioma mouse model to investigate the response of this stromal cell type to hypoxia. We found that astrocytes became reactive in response to intermediate and severe hypoxia, similarly to irradiated and temozolomide-treated astrocytes. Hypoxic astrocytes displayed a potent hypoxia response that appeared to be driven primarily by hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This response involved the activation of classical HIF target genes and the increased production of hypoxia-associated cytokines such as TGF-β1, IL-3, angiogenin, VEGF-A, and IL-1 alpha. In vivo, astrocytes were present in proximity to perinecrotic areas surrounding HIF-2α expressing cells, suggesting that hypoxic astrocytes contribute to the glioma microenvironment. Extracellular matrix derived from hypoxic astrocytes increased the proliferation and drug efflux capability of glioma cells. Together, our findings suggest that hypoxic astrocytes are implicated in tumor growth and potentially stemness maintenance by remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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87
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Tripathi SK, Kean R, Bongiorno E, Hooper DC, Jin YY, Wickstrom E, McCue PA, Thakur ML. Targeting VPAC1 Receptors for Imaging Glioblastoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:293-302. [PMID: 31292914 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Scintigraphic imaging of malignant glioblastoma (MG) continues to be challenging. We hypothesized that VPAC1 cell surface receptors can be targeted for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of orthotopically implanted MG in a mouse model, using a VPAC1-specific peptide [64Cu]TP3805. PROCEDURES The expression of VPAC1 in mouse GL261 and human U87 glioma cell lines was determined by western blot. The ability of [64Cu]TP3805 to bind to GL261 and U87 cells was studied by cell-binding. Receptor-blocking studies were performed to validate receptor specificity. GL261 tumors were implanted orthotopically in syngeneic T-bet knockout C57BL/6 mouse brain (N = 15) and allowed to grow for 2-3 weeks. Mice were injected i.v., first with ~ 150 μCi of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) then 24 h later with ~ 200 μCi of [64Cu]TP3805. In another set of tumor-bearing mice, (N = 5), ionic [64Cu]Cl2 was injected as a control. Mice were imaged at a 2-h post-injection using an Inveon micro-PET/CT, sacrificed and % ID/g of [64Cu]TP3805 and [64Cu]Cl2 were calculated in a tumor, normal brain, and other tissues. For histologic tissue examination, 3-μm thick sections of the tumors and normal brain were prepared, digital autoradiography (DAR) was performed, and then the sections were H&E stained for histologic examination. RESULTS Western blots showed a strong signal for VPAC1 on both cell lines. [64Cu]TP3805 cell-binding was 87 ± 1.5 %. Receptor-blocking reduced cell-binding to 24.3 ± 1.5 % (P < 0.01). PET imaging revealed remarkable accumulation of [64Cu]TP3805 in GL261 MG with a negligible background in the normal brain, as compared to [18F]FDG. Micro-PET/CT image analyses and tissue distribution showed that the brain tumor uptake for [64Cu]TP3805 was 8.2 ± 1.7 % ID/g and for [64Cu]Cl2 2.1 ± 0.5 % ID/g as compared to 1.0 ± 0.3 % ID/g and 1.4 ± 0.3 % ID/g for normal mouse brains, respectively. The high tumor/normal brain ratio for [64Cu]TP3805 (8.1 ± 1.1) allowed tumors to be visualized unequivocally. Histology and [64Cu]TP3805 DAR differentiated malignant tumors from healthy brain and confirmed PET findings. CONCLUSION Targeting VPAC1 receptors using [64Cu]TP3805 for PET imaging of MG is a promising novel approach and calls for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Tripathi
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rhonda Kean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Bongiorno
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Hooper
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Eric Wickstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew L Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Laboratories of Radiopharmaceutical Research and Molecular Imaging, 1020 Locust Street, 359-JAH, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Medulloblastoma drugs in development: Current leads, trials and drawbacks. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113268. [PMID: 33636537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Current treatment for MB includes surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite significant progress in its management, a portion of children relapse and tumor recurrence carries a poor prognosis. Based on their molecular and clinical characteristics, MB patients are clinically classified into four groups: Wnt, Hh, Group 3, and Group 4. With our increased understanding of relevant molecular pathways disrupted in MB, the development of targeted therapies for MB has also increased. Targeted drugs have shown unique privileges over traditional cytotoxic therapies in balancing efficacy and toxicity, with many of them approved and widely used clinically. The aim of this review is to present the recent progress on targeted chemotherapies for the treatment of all classes of MB.
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89
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Dong CY, Hong S, Zheng DW, Huang QX, Liu FS, Zhong ZL, Zhang XZ. Multifunctionalized Gold Sub-Nanometer Particles for Sensitizing Radiotherapy against Glioblastoma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006582. [PMID: 33382206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common lethal malignant intracranial tumor with a low 5-year survival rate. Currently, the maximal safe surgical resection, followed by high-dose radiotherapy (RT), is a standard treatment for glioblastoma. However, high-dose radiation to the brain is associated with brain injury and results in a high fatality rate. Here, integrated pharmaceutics (named D-iGSNPs) composed of gold sub-nanometer particles (GSNPs), blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration peptide iRGD, and cell cycle regulator α-difluoromethylornithine is designed. In both simulated BBB and orthotopic murine GL261 glioblastoma models, D-iGSNPs are proved to have a beneficial effect on the BBB penetration and tumor targeting. Meanwhile, data from cell and animal experiments reveal that D-iGSNPs are able to sensitize RT. More importantly, the synergy of D-iGSNPs with low-dose RT can exhibit an almost equal therapeutic effect with that of high-dose RT. This study demonstrates the therapeutic advantages of D-iGSNPs in boosting RT, and may provide a facile approach to update the current treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yuan Dong
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100070, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Di-Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100070, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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90
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Huang Y, Tejero R, Lee VK, Brusco C, Hannah T, Bertucci TB, Junqueira Alves C, Katsyv I, Kluge M, Foty R, Zhang B, Friedel CC, Dai G, Zou H, Friedel RH. Plexin-B2 facilitates glioblastoma infiltration by modulating cell biomechanics. Commun Biol 2021; 4:145. [PMID: 33514835 PMCID: PMC7846610 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrative growth is a major cause of high lethality of malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). We show here that GBM cells upregulate guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain invasiveness. Deletion of Plexin-B2 in GBM stem cells limited tumor spread and shifted invasion paths from axon fiber tracts to perivascular routes. On a cellular level, Plexin-B2 adjusts cell adhesiveness, migratory responses to different matrix stiffness, and actomyosin dynamics, thus empowering GBM cells to leave stiff tumor bulk and infiltrate softer brain parenchyma. Correspondingly, gene signatures affected by Plexin-B2 were associated with locomotor regulation, matrix interactions, and cellular biomechanics. On a molecular level, the intracellular Ras-GAP domain contributed to Plexin-B2 function, while the signaling relationship with downstream effectors Rap1/2 appeared variable between GBM stem cell lines, reflecting intertumoral heterogeneity. Our studies establish Plexin-B2 as a modulator of cell biomechanics that is usurped by GBM cells to gain invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Friedman Brain Institute, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rut Tejero
- Friedman Brain Institute, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivian K Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Concetta Brusco
- Friedman Brain Institute, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore Hannah
- Friedman Brain Institute, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taylor B Bertucci
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chrystian Junqueira Alves
- Friedman Brain Institute, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Katsyv
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kluge
- Institut für Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ramsey Foty
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline C Friedel
- Institut für Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Friedman Brain Institute, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Friedman Brain Institute, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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91
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Akter M, Lim JS, Choi EH, Han I. Non-Thermal Biocompatible Plasma Jet Induction of Apoptosis in Brain Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020236. [PMID: 33530311 PMCID: PMC7911799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant and rapidly advancing astrocytic brain tumor in adults. Current therapy possibilities are chemotherapy, surgical resection, and radiation. The complexity of drug release through the blood-brain barrier, tumor reaction to chemotherapy, and the inherent resistance of tumor cells present challenges. New therapies are needed for individual use or combination with conventional methods for more effective treatment and improved survival for patients. GBM is difficult to treat because it grows quickly, spreads finger-shaped tentacles, and creates an irregular margin of normal tissue surrounding the tumor. Non-thermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) has recently been shown to selectively target cancer cells with minimal effects on regular cells, acting by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). We applied a soft jet plasma device with a syringe shape to U87 MG cells and astrocytes. Our results show that NBP-J significantly inhibits cell proliferation and changes morphology, induces cell cycle arrest, inhibits the survival pathway, and induces apoptosis. Our results indicate that NBP-J may be an efficient and safe clinical device for brain cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmuda Akter
- Department of Plasma Bio-Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Jun Sup Lim
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Plasma Bio-Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.H.C.); (I.H.); Tel.: +82-2-940-5666 (I.H.); Fax: +82-2-940-5664 (I.H.)
| | - Ihn Han
- Department of Plasma Bio-Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.H.C.); (I.H.); Tel.: +82-2-940-5666 (I.H.); Fax: +82-2-940-5664 (I.H.)
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92
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Berg TJ, Marques C, Pantazopoulou V, Johansson E, von Stedingk K, Lindgren D, Jeannot P, Pietras EJ, Bergström T, Swartling FJ, Governa V, Bengzon J, Belting M, Axelson H, Squatrito M, Pietras A. The Irradiated Brain Microenvironment Supports Glioma Stemness and Survival via Astrocyte-Derived Transglutaminase 2. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2101-2115. [PMID: 33483373 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in supporting glioma stemness and radioresistance. Following radiotherapy, recurrent gliomas form in an irradiated microenvironment. Here we report that astrocytes, when pre-irradiated, increase stemness and survival of cocultured glioma cells. Tumor-naïve brains increased reactive astrocytes in response to radiation, and mice subjected to radiation prior to implantation of glioma cells developed more aggressive tumors. Extracellular matrix derived from irradiated astrocytes were found to be a major driver of this phenotype and astrocyte-derived transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) was identified as a promoter of glioma stemness and radioresistance. TGM2 levels increased after radiation in vivo and in recurrent human glioma, and TGM2 inhibitors abrogated glioma stemness and survival. These data suggest that irradiation of the brain results in the formation of a tumor-supportive microenvironment. Therapeutic targeting of radiation-induced, astrocyte-derived extracellular matrix proteins may enhance the efficacy of standard-of-care radiotherapy by reducing stemness in glioma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings presented here indicate that radiotherapy can result in a tumor-supportive microenvironment, the targeting of which may be necessary to overcome tumor cell therapeutic resistance and recurrence. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/8/2101/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy J Berg
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carolina Marques
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Pantazopoulou
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elinn Johansson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer von Stedingk
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Oncogenomics, M1-131 Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Lindgren
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pauline Jeannot
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin J Pietras
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Bergström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valeria Governa
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengzon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Axelson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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93
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Zhang S, Zhang S, Wang H, Huang X, Wang J, Li J, Cheng D, Wang H, Lu D, Wang Y. Silencing myelin protein zero-like 1 expression suppresses cell proliferation and invasiveness of human glioma cells by inhibiting multiple cancer-associated signal pathways. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2021.9040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the adult central nervous system. It has high morbidity and poor survival. Myelin protein zero-like protein 1 (MPZL1) is a cell surface glycoprotein that activates numerous adhesion-dependent signaling pathways. MPZL1 plays important roles in human cancers that include metastatic process; however, it is not clear if MPZL1 plays a role in human glioma. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if silencing MPZL1 impacted the cell proliferative features of human glioma cells. First, MPZL1 expression was investigated in human glioma samples and tumor cell lines. Then the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting MPZL1 were analyzed on proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, and invasion of human glioma cells. The results from this study demonstrated that MPZL1 was highly expressed in human glioma tissues and glioma cell lines. In addition, knockdown of MPZL1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasiveness of glioma cells, and effectively induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Western blotting analysis indicated that silencing MPZL1 expression downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), WNT1, caspase-3, cyclin A1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and upregulated p53. The results from this study suggest that MPZL1 might be a marker for tumors and could be a potential therapeutic target for human glioma.
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94
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Akter F, Simon B, de Boer NL, Redjal N, Wakimoto H, Shah K. Pre-clinical tumor models of primary brain tumors: Challenges and opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188458. [PMID: 33148506 PMCID: PMC7856042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that originate in cells of the central nervous system. A variety of models tractable for preclinical studies have been developed to recapitulate human brain tumors, allowing us to understand the underlying pathobiology and explore potential treatments. However, many promising therapeutic strategies identified using preclinical models have shown limited efficacy or failed at the clinical trial stage. The inability to develop therapeutic strategies that significantly improve survival rates in patients highlight the compelling need to revisit the design of currently available animal models and explore the use of new models that allow us to bridge the gap between promising preclinical findings and clinical translation. In this review, we discuss current strategies used to model glioblastoma, the most malignant brain tumor in adults and highlight the shortcomings of specific models that must be circumvented for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Akter
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Brennan Simon
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Nadine Leonie de Boer
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Navid Redjal
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America.
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95
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Ma W, Wang Y, Zhang R, Yang F, Zhang D, Huang M, Zhang L, Dorsey JF, Binder ZA, O'Rourke DM, Fraietta JA, Gong Y, Fan Y. Targeting PAK4 to reprogram the vascular microenvironment and improve CAR-T immunotherapy for glioblastoma. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:83-97. [PMID: 35121889 PMCID: PMC10097424 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant solid tumors are characterized by aberrant vascularity that fuels the formation of an immune-hostile microenvironment and induces resistance to immunotherapy. Vascular abnormalities may be driven by pro-angiogenic pathway activation and genetic reprogramming in tumor endothelial cells (ECs). Here, our kinome-wide screening of mesenchymal-like transcriptional activation in human glioblastoma (GBM)-derived ECs identifies p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) as a selective regulator of genetic reprogramming and aberrant vascularization. PAK4 knockout induces adhesion protein re-expression in ECs, reduces vascular abnormalities, improves T cell infiltration and inhibits GBM growth in mice. Moreover, PAK4 inhibition normalizes the tumor vascular microenvironment and sensitizes GBM to chimeric antigen receptor-T cell immunotherapy. Finally, we reveal a MEF2D/ZEB1- and SLUG-mediated mechanism by which PAK4 reprograms the EC transcriptome and downregulates claudin-14 and VCAM-1 expression, enhancing vessel permeability and reducing T cell adhesion to the endothelium. Thus, targeting PAK4-mediated EC plasticity may offer a unique opportunity to recondition the vascular microenvironment and strengthen cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Menggui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay F Dorsey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Engineered human mini-brains, made possible by knowledge from the convergence of precision microengineering and cell biology, permit systematic studies of complex neurological processes and of pathogenesis beyond what can be done with animal models. By culturing human brain cells with physiological microenvironmental cues, human mini-brain models reconstitute the arrangement of structural tissues and some of the complex biological functions of the human brain. In this Review, we highlight the most significant developments that have led to microphysiological human mini-brain models. We introduce the history of mini-brain development, review methods for creating mini-brain models in static conditions, and discuss relevant state-of-the-art dynamic cell-culture systems. We also review human mini-brain models that reconstruct aspects of major neurological disorders under static or dynamic conditions. Engineered human mini-brains will contribute to advancing the study of the physiology and aetiology of neurological disorders, and to the development of personalized medicines for them.
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97
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Thangudu S, Cheng FY, Su CH. Advancements in the Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanoplatforms for Brain Related Disease Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3055. [PMID: 33419339 PMCID: PMC7766280 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive treatments to treat the brain-related disorders have been paying more significant attention and it is an emerging topic. However, overcoming the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a key obstacle to most of the therapeutic drugs to enter into the brain tissue, which significantly results in lower accumulation of therapeutic drugs in the brain. Thus, administering the large quantity/doses of drugs raises more concerns of adverse side effects. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems are seen as potential means of enhancing drug transport across the BBB and to targeted brain tissue. These systems offer more accumulation of therapeutic drugs at the tumor site and prolong circulation time in the blood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and advancements on various nanoplatforms (NF) and discusses the use of nanoparticles for successful cross of BBB to treat the brain-related disorders such as brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Thangudu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Fong-Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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98
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Hajj GNM, Nunes PBC, Roffe M. Genome-wide translation patterns in gliomas: An integrative view. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109883. [PMID: 33321181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and include the highly malignant glioblastoma (GBM). Characteristically, gliomas have translational control deregulation related to overactivation of signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and Ras/ERK1/2. Thus, mRNA translation appears to play a dominant role in glioma gene expression patterns. The, analysis of genome-wide translated transcripts, together known as the translatome, may reveal important information for understanding gene expression patterns in gliomas. This review provides a brief overview of translational control mechanisms altered in gliomas with a focus on the current knowledge related to the translatomes of glioma cells and murine glioma models. We present an integrative meta-analysis of selected glioma translatome data with the aim of identifying recurrent patterns of gene expression preferentially regulated at the level of translation and obtaining clues regarding the pathological significance of these alterations. Re-analysis of several translatome datasets was performed to compare the translatomes of glioma models with those of their non-tumor counterparts and to document glioma cell responses to radiotherapy and MNK modulation. The role of recurrently altered genes in the context of translational control and tumorigenesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Noeli Maroso Hajj
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
| | - Paula Borzino Cordeiro Nunes
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Martin Roffe
- International Research Institute, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440, São Paulo ZIP Code: 01508-010, Brazil; National Institute of Oncogenomics and Innovation, Brazil.
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99
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Grassi ES, Jeannot P, Pantazopoulou V, Berg TJ, Pietras A. Niche-derived soluble DLK1 promotes glioma growth. Neoplasia 2020; 22:689-701. [PMID: 33142235 PMCID: PMC7587507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell behaviors associated with aggressive tumor growth such as proliferation, therapeutic resistance, and stem cell characteristics are regulated in part by soluble factors derived from the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated astrocytes represent a major component of the glioma tumor microenvironment, and astrocytes have an active role in maintenance of normal neural stem cells in the stem cell niche, in part via secretion of soluble delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1). We found that astrocytes, when exposed to stresses of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia or ionizing radiation, increased secretion of soluble DLK1. Tumor-associated astrocytes in a glioma mouse model expressed DLK1 in perinecrotic and perivascular tumor areas. Glioma cells exposed to recombinant DLK1 displayed increased proliferation, enhanced self-renewal and colony formation abilities, and increased levels of stem cell marker genes. Mechanistically, DLK1-mediated effects on glioma cells involved increased and prolonged stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha, and inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha activity abolished effects of DLK1 in hypoxia. Forced expression of soluble DLK1 resulted in more aggressive tumor growth and shortened survival in a genetically engineered mouse model of glioma. Together, our data support DLK1 as a soluble mediator of glioma aggressiveness derived from the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa S Grassi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pauline Jeannot
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Pantazopoulou
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tracy J Berg
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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100
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Cao WQ, Zhai XQ, Ma JW, Fu XQ, Zhao BS, Zhang P, Fu XY. Natural borneol sensitizes human glioma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by triggering ROS-mediated oxidative damage and regulation of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:72-79. [PMID: 31875760 PMCID: PMC6970185 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1703756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was widely used in treating human malignancies. However, side effects and chemoresistance remains the major obstacle.Objective: To verify whether natural borneol (NB) can enhance cisplatin-induced glioma cell apoptosis and explore the mechanism.Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity of cisplatin and/or NB towards U251 and U87 cells were determined with the MTT assay. Cells were treated with 0.25-80 μg/mL cisplatin and/or 5-80 μM NB for 48 h. The effects of NB and/or cisplatin on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were quantified by flow cytometric analysis. Protein expression was detected by western blotting. ROS generation was conducted by measuring and visualising an oxidation-sensitive fluorescein DCFH-DA.Results: NB synergistically enhanced the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin in human glioma cells. Co-treatment of 40 μg/mL NB and 40 μg/mL cisplatin significantly inhibited U251 cell viability from 100% to 28.2% and increased the sub-G1 population from 1.4% to 59.3%. Further detection revealed that NB enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis by activating caspases and triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction as evidenced by the enhancement of green fluorescence intensity from 265% to 645%. ROS-mediated DNA damage was observed as reflected by the activation of ATM/ATR, p53 and histone. Moreover, MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways also contributed to co-treatment-induced U251 cell growth inhibition. ROS inhibition by antioxidants effectively improved MAPKs and PI3K/AKT functions and cell viability, indicating that NB enhanced cisplatin-induced cell growth in a ROS-dependent manner.Discussion and conclusions: Natural borneol had the potential to sensitise human glioma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis with potential application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-qiang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biotechnology, Zhuhai Hopegenes Medical & Phamaceutical Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiao-qian Zhai
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Ji-wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-qi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bai-song Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Zhuhai Hopegenes Medical & Phamaceutical Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, China
- Pu Zhang Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Taian, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Xiao-yan Fu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- CONTACT Xiao-yan Fu Key Lab of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
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