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Wolters-Eisfeld G, Mercanoglu B, Hofmann BT, Wolpers T, Schnabel C, Harder S, Steffen P, Bachmann K, Steglich B, Schrader J, Gagliani N, Schlüter H, Güngör C, Izbicki JR, Wagener C, Bockhorn M. Loss of complex O-glycosylation impairs exocrine pancreatic function and induces MODY8-like diabetes in mice. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 30305605 PMCID: PMC6180059 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cosmc is ubiquitously expressed and acts as a specific molecular chaperone assisting the folding and stability of core 1 synthase. Thus, it plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of O-linked glycosylation of proteins. Here, we show that ablation of Cosmc in the exocrine pancreas of mice causes expression of truncated O-glycans (Tn antigen), resulting in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with decreased activities of digestive enzymes and diabetes. To understand the molecular causes of the pleiotropic phenotype, we used Vicia villosa agglutinin to enrich Tn antigen-modified proteins from Cosmc-KO pancreatic lysates and performed a proteomic analysis. Interestingly, a variety of proteins were identified, of which bile salt-activated lipase (also denoted carboxyl-ester lipase, Cel) was the most abundant. In humans, frameshift mutations in CEL cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 8 (MODY8), a monogenic syndrome of diabetes and pancreatic exocrine dysfunction. Here, we provide data suggesting that differentially O-glycosylated Cel could negatively affect beta cell function. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the importance of correct O-glycan formation for normal exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, implying that aberrant O-glycans might be relevant for pathogenic mechanisms of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Baris Mercanoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianca T Hofmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolpers
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schnabel
- Metabolic Laboratory and Newborn Screening, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Harder
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics-Institute for Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Steffen
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics-Institute for Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Bachmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Babett Steglich
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schrader
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Mass Spectrometric Proteomics-Institute for Clinical Chemistry & Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wagener
- Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Cheng Y, Lu Y, Zhang D, Lian S, Liang H, Ye Y, Xie R, Li S, Chen J, Xue X, Xie J, Jia L. Metastatic cancer cells compensate for low energy supplies in hostile microenvironments with bioenergetic adaptation and metabolic reprogramming. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2590-2604. [PMID: 30280201 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-related mortalities, and the complex processes of metastasis remain the least understood aspect of cancer biology. Metabolic reprogramming is associated with cancer cell survival and metastasis in a hostile envi-ronment with a limited nutrient supply, such as solid tumors. Little is known regarding the differences of bioenergetic adaptation between primary tumor cells and metastatic tumor cells in unfavorable microenvironments; to clarify these differences, the present study aimed to compare metabolic reprogramming of primary tumor cells and metastatic tumor cells. SW620 metastatic tumor cells exhibited stronger bioenergetic adaptation in unfavorable conditions compared with SW480 primary tumor-derived cells, as determined by the sustained elevation of glycolysis and regulation of the cell cycle. This remarkable glycolytic ability of SW620 cells was associated with high expression levels of hexokinase (HK)1, HK2, glucose transporter type 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Compared with SW480 cells, the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was effectively inhibited in SW620 cells to sustain cell survival when there was a lack of energy. Furthermore, SW620 cells exhibited a stronger mesenchymal phenotype and stem cell characteristics compared with SW480 cells; CD133 and CD166 were highly expressed in SW620 cells, whereas expression was not detected in SW480 cells. These data may explain why metastatic cancer cells exhibit greater microenvironmental adaptability and survivability; specifically, this may be achieved by upregulating glycolysis, optimizing the cell cycle and reprogramming cell metabolism. The present study may provide a target metabolic pathway for cancer metastasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Cheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Doudou Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Shu Lian
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Liang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Ye
- Fujian Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Ruizhi Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Jiahang Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Xue
- Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
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53
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Li DD, Luo Z, Ling SC, Wu K, Chen GH, Cheng J. Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated the Zn-induced lipolysis in yellow catfish Peteobagrus fulvidraco. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:907-915. [PMID: 30068034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the study, effects of waterborne zinc (Zn) exposure on apoptosis were investigated, and the potential mechanism of apoptosis participating in the Zn-induced variations of lipid metabolism was explored in a low vertebrate, yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. We found that Zn induced occurrence of apoptosis of livers and hepatocytes in yellow catfish. Waterborne Zn also increased hepatic transcriptional levels of p53, cytochrome c (Cycs), caspase 3a (Casp3a) and caspase 3b (Casp3b) of yellow catfish. Zn increased caspase 3 activity and reduced the mitochondrial permeability transition (MTP) in yellow catfish hepatocytes. Z-VAD-fmk (caspase inhibitor) and CsA pretreatment (MTP inhibitor) attenuated the Zn-induced apoptosis and reduction in MTP. Z-VAD-fmk pretreatments attenuated the Zn-induced increase in transcriptional levels of p53, Cycs and Casp3b although the differences were not statistically significant between the Zn group and Zn + Z-VAD-fmk group. In contrast, Zn and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not significantly influence the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Zn significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) content, increased the activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT I), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose TAG lipase (ATGL), and the transcriptional levels of p53, Cycs and caspase 3b of the hepatocytes; these Zn-induced effects on TG contents, activities of CPT I, HSL and ATGL, and mRNA levels of p53, Cycs and caspase 3b could partly be reversed by Z-VAD-fmk, suggesting that Zn induced the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and reduced lipid accumulation. Taken together, our study demonstrated the importance of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Zn-induced lipolysis, which suggested a new mechanism for elucidating metal element influencing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shi-Cheng Ling
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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54
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Down-regulated let-7b-5p represses glycolysis metabolism by targeting AURKB in asthenozoospermia. Gene 2018; 663:83-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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55
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Transient activation of AMP-activated protein kinase at G1/S phase transition is required for control of S phase in NIH3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:367-373. [PMID: 29902457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a cellular energy sensor by monitoring the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and plays a central role in cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that AMPK also contribute to cell cycle regulation, but its role in this field remains almost elusive. In the present study, we report that AMPKα1 was transiently activated during G1/S transition phase in NIH3T3 cells in the absence of any metabolic stress. Inhibition of AMPK activity at G1/S transition phase completely blocked cells from entering S phase; in contrast, persistent activation of AMPK at G1/S transition phase allowed cells to normally enter S phase, but these cells failed to proceed to G2/M phase, stacking at S phase. We further demonstrated that activation of AMPK at G1/S transition phase depends on Ca2+ transients and CaMKKβ activity, but not on energy status. Collectively, these data indicate that temporal regulation of AMPK is required for proper control of S phase in NIH3T3 cells.
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56
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Toledo Pinto TG, Batista-Silva LR, Medeiros RCA, Lara FA, Moraes MO. Type I Interferons, Autophagy and Host Metabolism in Leprosy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:806. [PMID: 29755459 PMCID: PMC5932357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For those with leprosy, the extent of host infection by Mycobacterium leprae and the progression of the disease depend on the ability of mycobacteria to shape a safe environment for its replication during early interaction with host cells. Thus, variations in key genes such as those in pattern recognition receptors (NOD2 and TLR1), autophagic flux (PARK2, LRRK2, and RIPK2), effector immune cytokines (TNF and IL12), and environmental factors, such as nutrition, have been described as critical determinants for infection and disease progression. While parkin-mediated autophagy is observed as being essential for mycobacterial clearance, leprosy patients present a prominent activation of the type I IFN pathway and its downstream genes, including OASL, CCL2, and IL10. Activation of this host response is related to a permissive phenotype through the suppression of IFN-γ response and negative regulation of autophagy. Finally, modulation of host metabolism was observed during mycobacterial infection. Both changes in lipid and glucose homeostasis contribute to the persistence of mycobacteria in the host. M. leprae-infected cells have an increased glucose uptake, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate generation by pentose phosphate pathways, and downregulation of mitochondrial activity. In this review, we discussed new pathways involved in the early mycobacteria–host interaction that regulate innate immune pathways or metabolism and could be new targets to host therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flávio Alves Lara
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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57
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Wang H, van Spyk E, Liu Q, Geyfman M, Salmans ML, Kumar V, Ihler A, Li N, Takahashi JS, Andersen B. Time-Restricted Feeding Shifts the Skin Circadian Clock and Alters UVB-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1061-1072. [PMID: 28768192 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a highly regenerative barrier protecting organisms from environmental insults, including UV radiation, the main cause of skin cancer and skin aging. Here, we show that time-restricted feeding (RF) shifts the phase and alters the amplitude of the skin circadian clock and affects the expression of approximately 10% of the skin transcriptome. Furthermore, a large number of skin-expressed genes are acutely regulated by food intake. Although the circadian clock is required for daily rhythms in DNA synthesis in epidermal progenitor cells, RF-induced shifts in clock phase do not alter the phase of DNA synthesis. However, RF alters both diurnal sensitivity to UVB-induced DNA damage and expression of the key DNA repair gene, Xpa. Together, our findings indicate regulation of skin function by time of feeding and emphasize a link between circadian rhythm, food intake, and skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Elyse van Spyk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mikhail Geyfman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael L Salmans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Alexander Ihler
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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58
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Role of the Interplay Between the Internal and External Conditions in Invasive Behavior of Tumors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5968. [PMID: 29654275 PMCID: PMC5899171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth, which plays a central role in cancer evolution, depends on both the internal features of the cells, such as their ability for unlimited duplication, and the external conditions, e.g., supply of nutrients, as well as the dynamic interactions between the two. A stem cell theory of cancer has recently been developed that suggests the existence of a subpopulation of self-renewing tumor cells to be responsible for tumorigenesis, and is able to initiate metastatic spreading. The question of abundance of the cancer stem cells (CSCs) and its relation to tumor malignancy has, however, remained an unsolved problem and has been a subject of recent debates. In this paper we propose a novel model beyond the standard stochastic models of tumor development, in order to explore the effect of the density of the CSCs and oxygen on the tumor's invasive behavior. The model identifies natural selection as the underlying process for complex morphology of tumors, which has been observed experimentally, and indicates that their invasive behavior depends on both the number of the CSCs and the oxygen density in the microenvironment. The interplay between the external and internal conditions may pave the way for a new cancer therapy.
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59
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Hashimoto R, Gupte S. Pentose Shunt, Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, NADPH Redox, and Stem Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:47-55. [PMID: 29047080 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Redox signaling plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of NADPH redox in the cell. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose shunt) and glucose flux through the shunt pathway is increased in various lung cells including, the stem cells, in pulmonary hypertension. This chapter discusses the importance of the shunt pathway and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery remodeling and occlusive lesion formation within the hypertensive lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Basic Science Building, Rm. 546, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Sachin Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Basic Science Building, Rm. 546, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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60
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Kamarajugadda S, Becker JR, Hanse EA, Mashek DG, Mashek MT, Hendrickson AM, Mullany LK, Albrecht JH. Cyclin D1 represses peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and inhibits fatty acid oxidation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47674-47686. [PMID: 27351284 PMCID: PMC5216970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a cell cycle protein that promotes proliferation by mediating progression through key checkpoints in G1 phase. It is also a proto-oncogene that is commonly overexpressed in human cancers. In addition to its canonical role in controlling cell cycle progression, cyclin D1 affects other aspects of cell physiology, in part through transcriptional regulation. In this study, we find that cyclin D1 inhibits the activity of a key metabolic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of nuclear receptor family that induces fatty acid oxidation and may play an anti-neoplastic role. In primary hepatocytes, cyclin D1 inhibits PPARα transcriptional activity and target gene expression in a cdk4-independent manner. In liver and breast cancer cells, knockdown of cyclin D1 leads to increased PPARα transcriptional activity, expression of PPARα target genes, and fatty acid oxidation. Similarly, cyclin D1 depletion enhances binding of PPARα to target sequences by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In proliferating hepatocytes and regenerating liver in vivo, induction of endogenous cyclin D1 is associated with diminished PPARα activity. Cyclin D1 expression is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-mediated repression of fatty acid oxidation in proliferating hepatocytes. These studies indicate that in addition to playing a pivotal role in cell cycle progression, cyclin D1 represses PPARα activity and inhibits fatty acid oxidation. Our findings establish a new link between cyclin D1 and metabolism in both tumor cells and physiologic hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Kamarajugadda
- Gastroenterology Division, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Jennifer R Becker
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, USA
| | - Eric A Hanse
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, USA
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mara T Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Lisa K Mullany
- Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Albrecht
- Gastroenterology Division, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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61
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Shen Y, Sherman JW, Chen X, Wang R. Phosphorylation of CDC25C by AMP-activated protein kinase mediates a metabolic checkpoint during cell-cycle G 2/M-phase transition. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5185-5199. [PMID: 29467227 PMCID: PMC5892595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From unicellular to multicellular organisms, cell-cycle progression is tightly coupled to biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the G1/S-phase transition as a key checkpoint where cells respond to their metabolic status and commit to replicating the genome. However, the mechanism underlying the coordination of metabolism and the G2/M-phase transition in mammalian cells remains unclear. Here, we show that the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved cellular energy sensor, significantly delays mitosis entry. The cell-cycle G2/M-phase transition is controlled by mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase complex (CDC2-cyclin B), which is inactivated by WEE1 family protein kinases and activated by the opposing phosphatase CDC25C. AMPK directly phosphorylates CDC25C on serine 216, a well-conserved inhibitory phosphorylation event, which has been shown to mediate DNA damage–induced G2-phase arrest. The acute induction of CDC25C or suppression of WEE1 partially restores mitosis entry in the context of AMPK activation. These findings suggest that AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of CDC25C orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the cell-cycle G2/M-phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Shen
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and.,the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - John William Sherman
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Xuyong Chen
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
| | - Ruoning Wang
- From the Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology and BMT, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205 and
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D'Alessandro A, El Kasmi KC, Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P, Li M, Zhang H, Gupte SA, Stenmark KR. Hallmarks of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mesenchymal and Inflammatory Cell Metabolic Reprogramming. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28. [PMID: 28637353 PMCID: PMC5737722 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecular events that promote the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are complex and incompletely understood. The complex interplay between the pulmonary vasculature and its immediate microenvironment involving cells of immune system (i.e., macrophages) promotes a persistent inflammatory state, pathological angiogenesis, and fibrosis that are driven by metabolic reprogramming of mesenchymal and immune cells. Recent Advancements: Consistent with previous findings in the field of cancer metabolism, increased glycolytic rates, incomplete glucose and glutamine oxidation to support anabolism and anaplerosis, altered lipid synthesis/oxidation ratios, increased one-carbon metabolism, and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway to support nucleoside synthesis are but some of the key metabolic signatures of vascular cells in PH. In addition, metabolic reprogramming of macrophages is observed in PH and is characterized by distinct features, such as the induction of specific activation or polarization states that enable their participation in the vascular remodeling process. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulation of reducing equivalents, such as NAD(P)H in PH cells, also contributes to their altered phenotype both directly and indirectly by regulating the activity of the transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal-binding protein 1 to control the proliferative/inflammatory gene expression in resident and immune cells. Further, similar to the role of anomalous metabolism in mitochondria in cancer, in PH short-term hypoxia-dependent and long-term hypoxia-independent alterations of mitochondrial activity, in the absence of genetic mutation of key mitochondrial enzymes, have been observed and explored as potential therapeutic targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS For the foreseeable future, short- and long-term metabolic reprogramming will become a candidate druggable target in the treatment of PH. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 230-250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado.,3 Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- 4 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- 4 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Min Li
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Hui Zhang
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
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Liu C, Li J. O-GlcNAc: A Sweetheart of the Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:415. [PMID: 30105004 PMCID: PMC6077185 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition and removal of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to and from the Ser and Thr residues of proteins is an emerging post-translational modification. Unlike phosphorylation, which requires a legion of kinases and phosphatases, O-GlcNAc is catalyzed by the sole enzyme in mammals, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and reversed by the sole enzyme, O-GlcNAcase (OGA). With the advent of new technologies, identification of O-GlcNAcylated proteins, followed by pinpointing the modified residues and understanding the underlying molecular function of the modification has become the very heart of the O-GlcNAc biology. O-GlcNAc plays a multifaceted role during the unperturbed cell cycle, including regulating DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis. When the cell cycle is challenged by DNA damage stresses, O-GlcNAc also protects genome integrity via modifying an array of histones, kinases as well as scaffold proteins. Here we will focus on both cell cycle progression and the DNA damage response, summarize what we have learned about the role of O-GlcNAc in these processes and envision a sweeter research future.
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64
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Sünwoldt J, Bosche B, Meisel A, Mergenthaler P. Neuronal Culture Microenvironments Determine Preferences in Bioenergetic Pathway Use. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:305. [PMID: 29085280 PMCID: PMC5649214 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, metabolic supply and demand is directly coupled to neuronal activation. Methods for culturing primary rodent brain cells have come of age and are geared toward sophisticated modeling of human brain physiology and pathology. However, the impact of the culture microenvironment on neuronal function is rarely considered. Therefore, we investigated the role of different neuronal culture supplements for neuronal survival and metabolic activity in a model of metabolic deprivation of neurons using oxygen deprivation, glucose deprivation, as well as live cell metabolic flux analysis. We demonstrate the impact of neuronal culture conditions on metabolic function and neuronal survival under conditions of metabolic stress. In particular, we find that the common neuronal cell culture supplement B27 protects neurons from cell death under hypoxic conditions and inhibits glycolysis. Furthermore, we present data that B27 as well as the alternative neuronal culture supplement N2 restrict neuronal glucose metabolism. On the contrary, we find that the more modern supplement GS21 promotes neuronal energy metabolism. Our data support the notion that careful control of the metabolic environment is an essential component in modeling brain function and the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of brain disease in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Sünwoldt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bert Bosche
- Division of Neurosurgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Neurocritical Care, First Stage Rehabilitation and Weaning, MediClin Klinik Reichshof, Eckenhagen, Germany
| | - Andreas Meisel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mergenthaler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Ewald JC, Kuehne A, Zamboni N, Skotheim JM. The Yeast Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Routes Carbon Fluxes to Fuel Cell Cycle Progression. Mol Cell 2017; 62:532-45. [PMID: 27203178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell division entails a sequence of processes whose specific demands for biosynthetic precursors and energy place dynamic requirements on metabolism. However, little is known about how metabolic fluxes are coordinated with the cell division cycle. Here, we examine budding yeast to show that more than half of all measured metabolites change significantly through the cell division cycle. Cell cycle-dependent changes in central carbon metabolism are controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk1), a major cell cycle regulator, and the metabolic regulator protein kinase A. At the G1/S transition, Cdk1 phosphorylates and activates the enzyme Nth1, which funnels the storage carbohydrate trehalose into central carbon metabolism. Trehalose utilization fuels anabolic processes required to reliably complete cell division. Thus, the cell cycle entrains carbon metabolism to fuel biosynthesis. Because the oscillation of Cdk activity is a conserved feature of the eukaryotic cell cycle, we anticipate its frequent use in dynamically regulating metabolism for efficient proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Ewald
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Kuehne
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; PhD Program Systems Biology, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan M Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Melatonin Decreases Glucose Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Cells: A 13C Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081620. [PMID: 28933733 PMCID: PMC5578012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pineal neuroindole melatonin exerts an exceptional variety of systemic functions. Some of them are exerted through its specific membrane receptors type 1 and type 2 (MT1 and MT2) while others are mediated by receptor-independent mechanisms. A potential transport of melatonin through facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT/SLC2A) was proposed in prostate cancer cells. The prostate cells have a particular metabolism that changes during tumor progression. During the first steps of carcinogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation is reactivated while the switch to the “Warburg effect” only occurs in advanced tumors and in the metastatic stage. Here, we investigated whether melatonin might change prostate cancer cell metabolism. To do so, 13C stable isotope-resolved metabolomics in androgen sensitive LNCaP and insensitive PC-3 prostate cancer cells were employed. In addition to metabolite 13C-labeling, ATP/AMP levels, and lactate dehydrogenase or pentose phosphate pathway activity were measured. Melatonin reduces lactate labeling in androgen-sensitive cells and it also lowers 13C-labeling of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and ATP production. In addition, melatonin reduces lactate 13C-labeling in androgen insensitive prostate cancer cells. Results demonstrated that melatonin limits glycolysis as well as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway in prostate cancer cells, suggesting that the reduction of glucose uptake is a major target of the indole in this tumor type.
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Translational control by mTOR-independent routes: how eIF6 organizes metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1667-1673. [PMID: 27913676 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in the interconnection between translation and metabolism. Important oncogenic pathways, like those elicited by c-Myc transcription factor and mTOR kinase, couple the activation of the translational machinery with glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis. Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) is a factor necessary for 60S ribosome maturation. eIF6 acts also as a cytoplasmic translation initiation factor, downstream of growth factor stimulation. eIF6 is up-regulated in several tumor types. Data on mice models have demonstrated that eIF6 cytoplasmic activity is rate-limiting for Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. In spite of this, eIF6 is neither transcriptionally regulated by Myc, nor post-transcriptionally regulated by mTOR. eIF6 stimulates a glycolytic and fatty acid synthesis program necessary for tumor growth. eIF6 increases the translation of transcription factors necessary for lipogenesis, such as CEBP/β, ATF4 and CEBP/δ. Insulin stimulation leads to an increase in translation and fat synthesis blunted by eIF6 deficiency. Paradoxycally, long-term inhibition of eIF6 activity increases insulin sensitivity, suggesting that the translational activation observed upon insulin and growth factors stimulation acts as a feed-forward mechanism regulating lipid synthesis. The data on the role that eIF6 plays in cancer and in insulin sensitivity make it a tempting pharmacological target for cancers and metabolic diseases. We speculate that eIF6 inhibition will be particularly effective especially when mTOR sensitivity to rapamycin is abrogated by RAS mutations.
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68
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Kim SJ, Xiao J, Wan J, Cohen P, Yen K. Mitochondrially derived peptides as novel regulators of metabolism. J Physiol 2017; 595:6613-6621. [PMID: 28574175 DOI: 10.1113/jp274472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrially derived peptides represent a new class of circulating signalling molecules. Humanin, the first member of this class, has been shown to have several metabolic effects such as reducing weight gain and visceral fat and increasing glucose-stimulated insulin release. The discovery of several other new members, such as MOTS-c and SHLP1-6, has further added to this group. These new peptides have also been found to affect metabolism with MOTS-c potently decreasing weight gain in mice on a high-fat diet. This review covers the basic biology of this class of peptides and discusses the relevance to organismal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jialin Xiao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sun S, Liu J, Zhao M, Han Y, Chen P, Mo Q, Wang B, Chen G, Fang Y, Tian Y, Zhou J, Ma D, Gao Q, Wu P. Loss of the novel mitochondrial protein FAM210B promotes metastasis via PDK4-dependent metabolic reprogramming. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2870. [PMID: 28594398 PMCID: PMC5520928 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in tumor metabolism have revealed that metabolic reprogramming could dramatically promote caner metastasis. However, the relation and mechanism between metastasis and metabolic reprogramming are not thoroughly explored. Cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion analysis were performed to evaluate the role of FAM210B in human cancer cells. Human ovarian cancer xenograft model was used to determine the effects of inhibiting FAM210B by shRNA on tumor metastasis. Microarray analysis was used to determine the target genes of FAM210B. FAM210B cellular localization was performed by mitochondria isolation and mitochondria protein extraction. To detect FAM210B-mediated metabolic reprogramming, oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate were measured. Our previous study screened a novel cancer progression-suppressor gene, FAM210B, which encodes an outer mitochondrial membrane protein, by the suppression of mortality by antisense rescue technique (SMART). Here we demonstrated that FAM210B loss was significantly associated with cancer metastasis and decreased survival in a clinical setting. Additionally, it was found that low expression of FAM210B was significantly correlated with decreased survival and enhanced metastasis in vivo and in vitro, and the loss of FAM210B led to an increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and reduced glycolysis through the downregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), which activated the EMT program and enhanced migratory and invasive properties. Collectively, our data unveil a potential metabolic target and mechanism of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Meisong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yingyan Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Pingbo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ding Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Blocking of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 potently reduces stress-induced depression in rat highlighting a pivotal role of lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2158. [PMID: 28526869 PMCID: PMC5438386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a complex and common mental disease, for which the pathology has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge about the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated lipid metabolism and inflammation. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT1a) is a key molecule involved in lipid metabolism and mutations in CPT1a causing reduced function is hypothesized to have a protective role in the development of depression. Moreover, CPT1a is found to be upregulated in suicide patients with history of depression. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of CPT1a activity can be developed as an innovative treatment strategy for depression. Stress exposure combined with different pharmacological treatment regimens; Etomoxir, CPT1 blocker, and Escitalopram, a favoured antidepressant drug, was applied in state-of-the-art chronic mild stress model. Etomoxir treatment induced statistical significant reduction of anhedonic behavior compared to vehicle treatment (p < 0.0001) and reversed depression-like phenotype in 90% of the rats (p = 0.0007), whereas Escitalopram only proved 57% efficacy. Moreover, Etomoxir revealed downregulation of interferon-γ, interleukin-17α and tumor necrosis factor-α. This indicate that alteration in metabolism is pivotal in the pathogenesis of depression, since CPT1 blockage is highly efficient in treating anhedonia and inflammation, thereby opening up for a novel class of antidepressant medication.
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Takahashi S, Saegusa J, Sendo S, Okano T, Akashi K, Irino Y, Morinobu A. Glutaminase 1 plays a key role in the cell growth of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:76. [PMID: 28399896 PMCID: PMC5387190 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recent findings of cancer-specific metabolic changes, including increased glucose and glutamine consumption, have provided new therapeutic targets for consideration. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients exhibit several tumor cell-like characteristics; however, the role of glucose and glutamine metabolism in the aberrant proliferation of these cells is unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of these metabolic pathways in RA-FLS proliferation and in autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice. Methods The expression of glycolysis- or glutaminolysis-related enzymes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting, and the intracellular metabolites were evaluated by metabolomic analyses. The effects of glucose or glutamine on RA-FLS cell growth were investigated using glucose- or glutamine-free medium. Glutaminase (GLS)1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the GLS1 inhibitor compound 968 were used to inhibit GLS1 in RA-FLS, and compound 968 was used to study the effect of GLS1 inhibition in zymosan A-injected SKG mice. Results GLS1 expression was increased in RA-FLS, and metabolomic analyses revealed that glutamine metabolism was increased in RA-FLS. RA-FLS proliferation was reduced under glutamine-deprived, but not glucose-deprived, conditions. Cell growth of RA-FLS was inhibited by GLS1 siRNA transfection or GLS1 inhibitor treatment. Treating RA-FLS with either interleukin-17 or platelet-derived growth factor resulted in increased GLS1 levels. Compound 968 ameliorated the autoimmune arthritis and decreased the number of Ki-67-positive synovial cells in SKG mice. Conclusions Our results suggested that glutamine metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of RA and that GLS1 plays an important role in regulating RA-FLS proliferation, and may be a novel therapeutic target for RA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1283-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Sho Sendo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takaichi Okano
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kengo Akashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Miller MA, Zachary JF. Mechanisms and Morphology of Cellular Injury, Adaptation, and Death 1. PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF VETERINARY DISEASE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7171462 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35775-3.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Comitato R, Guantario B, Leoni G, Nesaretnam K, Ronci MB, Canali R, Virgili F. Tocotrienols induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:32. [PMID: 28031751 PMCID: PMC5180413 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that γ- and δ-tocotrienols (γ- and δ-T3) induce gene expression and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). This effect is mediated, at least in part, by a specific binding and activation of the estrogen receptor-β (ERβ). Transcriptomic data obtained within our previous studies, interrogated by different bioinformatic tools, suggested the existence of an alternative pathway, activated by specific T3 forms and leading to apoptosis, also in tumor cells not expressing ER. In order to confirm this hypothesis, we conducted a study in HeLa cells, a line of human cervical cancer cells void of any canonical ER form. RESULTS Cells were synchronized by starvation and treated either with a T3-rich fraction from palm oil (10-20 μg/ml) or with purified α-, γ-, and δ-T3 (5-20 μg/ml). α-tocopherol (TOC) was utilized as a negative control. Apoptosis, accompanied by a significant expression of caspase 8, caspase 10, and caspase 12 was observed at 12 h from treatments. The interrogation of data obtained from transcriptomic platforms (NuGO Affymetrix Human Genechip NuGO_Hs1a520180), further confirmed by RT-PCR, suggested that the administration of γ- and δ-T3 associates with Ca2+ release. Data interrogation were confirmed in living cells; in fact, Ca-dependent signals were observed followed by the expression and activation of IRE-1α and of other molecules involved in the unfolded protein response, the core pathway coping with endoplasmic reticulum stress in eukaryotic cells, finally leading to apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that γ- and δ-T3 induce apoptosis also in tumor cells lacking of ERβ by triggering signals originating from endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our observations suggest that tocotrienols could have a significant role in tumor cell physiology and a possible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Comitato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.E.A.-AN), via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Guantario
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.E.A.-AN), via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Leoni
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Kalanithi Nesaretnam
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 4300 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maria Beatrice Ronci
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.E.A.-AN), via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Canali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.E.A.-AN), via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Food and Nutrition Research Centre (C.R.E.A.-AN), via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
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Papagiannakis A, Niebel B, Wit EC, Heinemann M. Autonomous Metabolic Oscillations Robustly Gate the Early and Late Cell Cycle. Mol Cell 2016; 65:285-295. [PMID: 27989441 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cell division is known to be controlled by the cyclin/cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) machinery. However, eukaryotes have evolved prior to CDKs, and cells can divide in the absence of major cyclin/CDK components. We hypothesized that an autonomous metabolic oscillator provides dynamic triggers for cell-cycle initiation and progression. Using microfluidics, cell-cycle reporters, and single-cell metabolite measurements, we found that metabolism of budding yeast is a CDK-independent oscillator that oscillates across different growth conditions, both in synchrony with and also in the absence of the cell cycle. Using environmental perturbations and dynamic single-protein depletion experiments, we found that the metabolic oscillator and the cell cycle form a system of coupled oscillators, with the metabolic oscillator separately gating and maintaining synchrony with the early and late cell cycle. Establishing metabolism as a dynamic component within the cell-cycle network opens new avenues for cell-cycle research and therapeutic interventions for proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Papagiannakis
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastian Niebel
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst C Wit
- Probability and Statistics, Johann Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 9, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Heinemann
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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75
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Fueling the Cell Division Cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:69-81. [PMID: 27746095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is a complex process with high energy demands. However, how cells regulate the generation of energy required for DNA synthesis and chromosome segregation is not well understood. Recent data suggest that changes in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis crosstalk with, and are tightly regulated by, the cell division machinery. Alterations in energy availability trigger cell-cycle checkpoints, suggesting a bidirectional connection between cell division and general metabolism. Some of these connections are altered in human disease, and their manipulation may help in designing therapeutic strategies for specific diseases including cancer. We review here recent studies describing the control of metabolism by the cell-cycle machinery.
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76
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Fukushima N, Minami Y, Kakiuchi S, Kuwatsuka Y, Hayakawa F, Jamieson C, Kiyoi H, Naoe T. Small-molecule Hedgehog inhibitor attenuates the leukemia-initiation potential of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1422-1429. [PMID: 27461445 PMCID: PMC5084664 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway has been implicated in the maintenance of leukemia stem cell populations in several model systems. PF‐04449913 (PF‐913) is a selective, small‐molecule inhibitor of Smoothened, a membrane protein that regulates the Hedgehog pathway. However, details of the proof‐of‐concept and mechanism of action of PF‐913 following administration to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are unclear. This study examined the role of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in AML cells, and evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Smoothened inhibitor PF‐913. In primary AML cells, activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway was more pronounced in CD34+ cells than CD34− cells. In vitro treatment with PF‐913 induced a decrease in the quiescent cell population accompanied by minimal cell death. In vivo treatment with PF‐913 attenuated the leukemia‐initiation potential of AML cells in a serial transplantation mouse model, while limiting reduction of tumor burden in a primary xenotransplant system. Comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis revealed that PF‐913 modulated self‐renewal signatures and cell cycle progression. Furthermore, PF‐913 sensitized AML cells to cytosine arabinoside, and abrogated resistance to cytosine arabinoside in AML cells cocultured with HS‐5 stromal cells. These findings imply that pharmacologic inhibition of Hedgehog signaling attenuates the leukemia‐initiation potential, and also enhanced AML therapy by sensitizing dormant leukemia stem cells to chemotherapy and overcoming resistance in the bone marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Fukushima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Seiji Kakiuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yachiyo Kuwatsuka
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hayakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Catoriona Jamieson
- Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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77
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Matsuura K, Canfield K, Feng W, Kurokawa M. Metabolic Regulation of Apoptosis in Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 327:43-87. [PMID: 27692180 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cellular suicide program that plays a critical role in development and human diseases, including cancer. Cancer cells evade apoptosis, thereby enabling excessive proliferation, survival under hypoxic conditions, and acquired resistance to therapeutic agents. Among various mechanisms that contribute to the evasion of apoptosis in cancer, metabolism is emerging as one of the key factors. Cellular metabolites can regulate functions of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins. In turn, p53, a regulator of apoptosis, also controls metabolism by limiting glycolysis and facilitating mitochondrial respiration. Consequently, with dysregulated metabolism and p53 inactivation, cancer cells are well-equipped to disable the apoptotic machinery. In this article, we review how cellular apoptosis is regulated and how metabolism can influence the signaling pathways leading to apoptosis, especially focusing on how glucose and lipid metabolism are altered in cancer cells and how these alterations can impact the apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K Canfield
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - W Feng
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - M Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular & Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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78
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Hu S, Ueda M, Stetson L, Ignatz-Hoover J, Moreton S, Chakrabarti A, Xia Z, Karan G, de Lima M, Agrawal MK, Wald DN. A Novel Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitor Optimized for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Differentiation Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1485-1494. [PMID: 27196775 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Standard therapies used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are cytotoxic agents that target rapidly proliferating cells. Unfortunately, this therapeutic approach has limited efficacy and significant toxicity and the majority of AML patients still die of their disease. In contrast to the poor prognosis of most AML patients, most individuals with a rare subtype of AML, acute promyelocytic leukemia, can be cured by differentiation therapy using regimens containing all-trans retinoic acid. GSK3 has been previously identified as a therapeutic target in AML where its inhibition can lead to the differentiation and growth arrest of leukemic cells. Unfortunately, existing GSK3 inhibitors lead to suboptimal differentiation activity making them less useful as clinical AML differentiation agents. Here, we describe the discovery of a novel GSK3 inhibitor, GS87. GS87 was discovered in efforts to optimize GSK3 inhibition for AML differentiation activity. Despite GS87's dramatic ability to induce AML differentiation, kinase profiling reveals its high specificity in targeting GSK3 as compared with other kinases. GS87 demonstrates high efficacy in a mouse AML model system and unlike current AML therapeutics, exhibits little effect on normal bone marrow cells. GS87 induces potent differentiation by more effectively activating GSK3-dependent signaling components including MAPK signaling as compared with other GSK3 inhibitors. GS87 is a novel GSK3 inhibitor with therapeutic potential as a differentiation agent for non-promyelocytic AML. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1485-94. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hu
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University
| | | | | | | | | | - Amit Chakrabarti
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Goutam Karan
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Mukesh K Agrawal
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio.,MirX Pharmaceuticals Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David N Wald
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University.,University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Invenio Therapeutics Inc. Cleveland, Ohio.,University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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79
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A Novel Protective Function of 5-Methoxytryptophan in Vascular Injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25374. [PMID: 27146795 PMCID: PMC4857180 DOI: 10.1038/srep25374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a 5-methoxyindole metabolite of tryptophan metabolism, was recently shown to suppress inflammatory mediator-induced cancer cell proliferation and migration. However, the role of 5-MTP in vascular disease is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether 5-MTP protects against vascular remodeling following arterial injury. Measurements of serum 5-MTP levels in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) showed that serum 5-MTP concentrations were inversely correlated with CAD. To test the role of 5-MTP in occlusive vascular disease, we subjected mice to a carotid artery ligation model of neointima formation and treated mice with vehicle or 5-MTP. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, 5-MTP significantly reduced intimal thickening by 40% 4 weeks after ligation. BrdU incorporation assays revealed that 5-MTP significantly reduced VSMC proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, 5-MTP reduced endothelial loss and detachment, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the ligated arterial wall, suggesting attenuation of endothelial dysfunction. Signaling pathway analysis indicated that 5-MTP mediated its effects predominantly via suppressing p38 MAPK signaling in endothelial and VSMCs. Our data demonstrate a novel vascular protective function of 5-MTP against arterial injury-induced intimal hyperplasia. 5-MTP might be a therapeutic target for preventing and/or treating vascular remodeling.
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80
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Kaplon J, van Dam L, Peeper D. Two-way communication between the metabolic and cell cycle machineries: the molecular basis. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:2022-32. [PMID: 26038996 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1044172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cellular metabolism and the cell cycle machinery is by no means unidirectional. The ability of a cell to enter the cell cycle critically depends on the availability of metabolites. Conversely, the cell cycle machinery commits to regulating metabolic networks in order to support cell survival and proliferation. In this review, we will give an account of how the cell cycle machinery and metabolism are interconnected. Acquiring information on how communication takes place among metabolic signaling networks and the cell cycle controllers is crucial to increase our understanding of the deregulation thereof in disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaplon
- a Division of Molecular Oncology; The Netherlands Cancer Institute ; Amsterdam ; The Netherlands
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81
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Li Y, Liu J, Li W, Brown A, Baddoo M, Li M, Carroll T, Oxburgh L, Feng Y, Saifudeen Z. p53 Enables metabolic fitness and self-renewal of nephron progenitor cells. Development 2016; 142:1228-41. [PMID: 25804735 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to its classic role in restraining cell proliferation, we demonstrate here a divergent function of p53 in the maintenance of self-renewal of the nephron progenitor pool in the embryonic mouse kidney. Nephron endowment is regulated by progenitor availability and differentiation potential. Conditional deletion of p53 in nephron progenitor cells (Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl)) induces progressive depletion of Cited1(+)/Six2(+) self-renewing progenitors and loss of cap mesenchyme (CM) integrity. The Six2(p53-null) CM is disorganized, with interspersed stromal cells and an absence of a distinct CM-epithelia and CM-stroma interface. Impaired cell adhesion and epithelialization are indicated by decreased E-cadherin and NCAM expression and by ineffective differentiation in response to Wnt induction. The Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl) cap has 30% fewer Six2(GFP(+)) cells. Apoptotic index is unchanged, whereas proliferation index is significantly reduced in accordance with cell cycle analysis showing disproportionately fewer Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl) cells in the S and G2/M phases compared with Six2Cre(+);p53(+/+) cells. Mutant kidneys are hypoplastic with fewer generations of nascent nephrons. A significant increase in mean arterial pressure is observed in early adulthood in both germline and conditional Six2(p53-null) mice, linking p53-mediated defects in kidney development to hypertension. RNA-Seq analyses of FACS-isolated wild-type and Six2(GFP(+)) CM cells revealed that the top downregulated genes in Six2Cre(+);p53(fl/fl) CM belong to glucose metabolism and adhesion and/or migration pathways. Mutant cells exhibit a ∼ 50% decrease in ATP levels and a 30% decrease in levels of reactive oxygen species, indicating energy metabolism dysfunction. In summary, our data indicate a novel role for p53 in enabling the metabolic fitness and self-renewal of nephron progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA The Hypertension and Renal Centers of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aaron Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Yumei Feng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA The Hypertension and Renal Centers of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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82
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Efimova EV, Takahashi S, Shamsi NA, Wu D, Labay E, Ulanovskaya OA, Weichselbaum RR, Kozmin SA, Kron SJ. Linking Cancer Metabolism to DNA Repair and Accelerated Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:173-84. [PMID: 26538285 PMCID: PMC4755886 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Conventional wisdom ascribes metabolic reprogramming in cancer to meeting increased demands for intermediates to support rapid proliferation. Prior models have proposed benefits toward cell survival, immortality, and stress resistance, although the recent discovery of oncometabolites has shifted attention to chromatin targets affecting gene expression. To explore further effects of cancer metabolism and epigenetic deregulation, DNA repair kinetics were examined in cells treated with metabolic intermediates, oncometabolites, and/or metabolic inhibitors by tracking resolution of double-strand breaks (DSB) in irradiated MCF7 breast cancer cells. Disrupting cancer metabolism revealed roles for both glycolysis and glutaminolysis in promoting DSB repair and preventing accelerated senescence after irradiation. Targeting pathways common to glycolysis and glutaminolysis uncovered opposing effects of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Treating cells with the HBP metabolite N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or augmenting protein O-GlcNAcylation with small molecules or RNAi targeting O-GlcNAcase each enhanced DSB repair, while targeting O-GlcNAc transferase reversed GlcNAc's effects. Opposing the HBP, TCA metabolites including α-ketoglutarate blocked DSB resolution. Strikingly, DNA repair could be restored by the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Targeting downstream effectors of histone methylation and demethylation implicated the PRC1/2 polycomb complexes as the ultimate targets for metabolic regulation, reflecting known roles for Polycomb group proteins in nonhomologous end-joining DSB repair. Our findings that epigenetic effects of cancer metabolic reprogramming may promote DNA repair provide a molecular mechanism by which deregulation of metabolism may not only support cell growth but also maintain cell immortality, drive therapeutic resistance, and promote genomic instability. IMPLICATIONS By defining a pathway from deregulated metabolism to enhanced DNA damage response in cancer, these data provide a rationale for targeting downstream epigenetic effects of metabolic reprogramming to block cancer cell immortality and overcome resistance to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Efimova
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Satoe Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Noumaan A Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edwardine Labay
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sergey A Kozmin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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83
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Stathem M, Marimuthu S, O'Neal J, Rathmell JC, Chesney JA, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Glucose availability and glycolytic metabolism dictate glycosphingolipid levels. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:67-80. [PMID: 25145677 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics has seen an emergence and re-emergence of two metabolic fields in recent years, those of bioactive sphingolipids and glycolytic metabolism. Anaerobic glycolysis and its implications in cancer have been at the forefront of cancer research for over 90 years. More recently, the role of sphingolipids in cancer cell metabolism has gained recognition, notably ceramide's essential role in programmed cell death and the role of the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) in chemotherapeutic resistance. Despite this knowledge, a direct link between these two fields has yet to be definitively drawn. Herein, we show that in a model of highly glycolytic cells, generation of the glycosphingolipid (GSL) glucosylceramide (GlcCer) by GCS was elevated in response to increased glucose availability, while glucose deprivation diminished GSL levels. This effect was likely substrate dependent, independent of both GCS levels and activity. Conversely, leukemia cells with elevated GSLs showed a significant change in GCS activity, but no change in glucose uptake or GCS expression. In a leukemia cell line with elevated GlcCer, treatment with inhibitors of glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) significantly decreased GlcCer levels. When combined with pre-clinical inhibitor ABT-263, this effect was augmented and production of pro-apoptotic sphingolipid ceramide increased. Taken together, we have shown that there exists a definitive link between glucose metabolism and GSL production, laying the groundwork for connecting two distinct yet essential metabolic fields in cancer research. Furthermore, we have proposed a novel combination therapeutic option targeting two metabolic vulnerabilities for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Stathem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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84
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Tafferner N, Barthelmes J, Eberle M, Ulshöfer T, Henke M, deBruin N, Mayer CA, Foerch C, Geisslinger G, Parnham MJ, Schiffmann S. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deletion has mutually counteracting effects on T-cell responses, associated with unchanged course of EAE. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:570-81. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Tafferner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Julia Barthelmes
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Max Eberle
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Thomas Ulshöfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Natasja deBruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Christoph A. Mayer
- Department of Neurology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Christian Foerch
- Department of Neurology; Goethe-University Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Michael J. Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt; Frankfurt/Main Germany
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85
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Ozawa S, Ueda S, Imamura H, Mori K, Asanuma K, Yanagita M, Nakagawa T. Glycolysis, but not Mitochondria, responsible for intracellular ATP distribution in cortical area of podocytes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18575. [PMID: 26677804 PMCID: PMC4683464 DOI: 10.1038/srep18575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated podocytes, a type of renal glomerular cells, require substantial levels of energy to maintain glomerular physiology. Mitochondria and glycolysis are two major producers of ATP, but the precise roles of each in podocytes remain unknown. This study evaluated the roles of mitochondria and glycolysis in differentiated and differentiating podocytes. Mitochondria in differentiated podocytes are located in the central part of cell body while blocking mitochondria had minor effects on cell shape and migratory ability. In contrast, blocking glycolysis significantly reduced the formation of lamellipodia, a cortical area of these cells, decreased the cell migratory ability and induced the apoptosis. Consistently, the local ATP production in lamellipodia was predominantly regulated by glycolysis. In turn, synaptopodin expression was ameliorated by blocking either mitochondrial respiration or glycolysis. Similar to differentiated podocytes, the differentiating podocytes utilized the glycolysis for regulating apoptosis and lamellipodia formation while synaptopodin expression was likely involved in both mitochondrial OXPHOS and glycolysis. Finally, adult mouse podocytes have most of mitochondria predominantly in the center of the cytosol whereas phosphofructokinase, a rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis, was expressed in foot processes. These data suggest that mitochondria and glycolysis play parallel but distinct roles in differentiated and differentiating podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ozawa
- TMK project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Pharmacology Research Laboratories II, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuko Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- TMK project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- TMK project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- TMK project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- TMK project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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86
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Nevedomskaya E, Perryman R, Solanki S, Syed N, Mayboroda OA, Keun HC. A Systems Oncology Approach Identifies NT5E as a Key Metabolic Regulator in Tumor Cells and Modulator of Platinum Sensitivity. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:280-90. [PMID: 26629888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism in tumor cells is required for rapid proliferation but also can influence other phenotypes that affect clinical outcomes such as metastasis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS)-guided integration of NCI-60 transcriptome and metabolome data identified ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E or CD73) as a major determinant of metabolic phenotypes in cancer cells. NT5E expression and associated metabolome variations were also correlated with sensitivity to several chemotherapeutics including platinum-based treatment. NT5E mRNA levels were observed to be elevated in cells upon in vitro and in vivo acquisition of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer cells, and specific targeting of NT5E increased tumor cell sensitivity to platinum. We observed that tumor NT5E levels were prognostic for outcomes in ovarian cancer and were elevated after treatment with platinum, supporting the translational relevance of our findings. In this work, we integrated and analyzed a plethora of public data, demonstating the merit of such a systems oncology approach for the discovery of novel players in cancer biology and therapy. We experimentally validated the main findings of the NT5E gene being involved in both intrinsic and acquired resistance to platinum-based drugs. We propose that the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy could be improved by NT5E inhibition and that NT5E expression may be a useful prognostic and predictive clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) , L4-Q, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Perryman
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Shyam Solanki
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nelofer Syed
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) , L4-Q, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hector C Keun
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital , London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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87
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Zou X, Meng J, Li L, Han W, Li C, Zhong R, Miao X, Cai J, Zhang Y, Zhu D. Acetoacetate Accelerates Muscle Regeneration and Ameliorates Muscular Dystrophy in Mice. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2181-95. [PMID: 26645687 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.676510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetoacetate (AA) is a ketone body and acts as a fuel to supply energy for cellular activity of various tissues. Here, we uncovered a novel function of AA in promoting muscle cell proliferation. Notably, the functional role of AA in regulating muscle cell function is further evidenced by its capability to accelerate muscle regeneration in normal mice, and it ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice. Mechanistically, our data from multiparameter analyses consistently support the notion that AA plays a non-metabolic role in regulating muscle cell function. Finally, we show that AA exerts its function through activation of the MEK1-ERK1/2-cyclin D1 pathway, revealing a novel mechanism in which AA serves as a signaling metabolite in mediating muscle cell function. Our findings highlight the profound functions of a small metabolite as signaling molecule in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Jiao Meng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Li Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Wanhong Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Changyin Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Ran Zhong
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Xuexia Miao
- the Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Cai
- the Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
| | - Dahai Zhu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005 and
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88
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Interplay between oxidant species and energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2015; 8:28-42. [PMID: 26741399 PMCID: PMC4710798 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been recognized that energy metabolism is linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and critical enzymes allied to metabolic pathways can be affected by redox reactions. This interplay between energy metabolism and ROS becomes most apparent during the aging process and in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases (i.e. diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases). As such, the capacity to identify metabolic pathways involved in ROS formation, as well as specific targets and oxidative modifications is crucial to our understanding of the molecular basis of age-related diseases and for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. Herein we review oxidant formation associated with the cell's energetic metabolism, key antioxidants involved in ROS detoxification, and the principal targets of oxidant species in metabolic routes and discuss their relevance in cell signaling and age-related diseases. Energy metabolism is both a source and target of oxidant species. Reactive oxygen species are formed in redox reactions in catabolic pathways. Sensitive targets of oxidant species regulate the flux of metabolic pathways. Metabolic pathways and antioxidant systems are regulated coordinately.
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89
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Claus C, Manssen L, Hübner D, Roßmark S, Bothe V, Petzold A, Große C, Reins M, Mankertz A, Frey TK, Liebert UG. Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Platform during Rubella Virus Infection. Viruses 2015; 7:6108-26. [PMID: 26703711 PMCID: PMC4690853 DOI: 10.3390/v7122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria- as well as p53-based signaling pathways are central for the execution of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Their contribution to rubella virus (RV)-induced apoptosis was addressed through time-specific evaluation of characteristic parameters such as permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and subsequent release of the pro-apoptotic proteins apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from mitochondria. Additionally, expression and localization pattern of p53 and selected members of the multifunctional and stress-inducible cyclophilin family were examined. The application of pifithrin μ as an inhibitor of p53 shuttling to mitochondria reduced RV-induced cell death to an extent similar to that of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (benzyloxycarbonyl-V-A-D-(OMe)-fmk). However, RV progeny generation was not altered. This indicates that, despite an increased survival rate of its cellular host, induction of apoptosis neither supports nor restricts RV replication. Moreover, some of the examined apoptotic markers were affected in a strain-specific manner and differed between the cell culture-adapted strains: Therien and the HPV77 vaccine on the one hand, and a clinical isolate on the other. In summary, the results presented indicate that the transcription-independent mitochondrial p53 program contributes to RV-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Claus
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lena Manssen
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Denise Hübner
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sarah Roßmark
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Viktoria Bothe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Alice Petzold
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Claudia Große
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mareen Reins
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Annette Mankertz
- WHO European Regional Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Teryl K Frey
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Uwe G Liebert
- Institute of Virology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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90
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Di Cerbo A, Palatucci AT, Rubino V, Centenaro S, Giovazzino A, Fraccaroli E, Cortese L, Ruggiero G, Guidetti G, Canello S, Terrazzano G. Toxicological Implications and Inflammatory Response in Human Lymphocytes Challenged with Oxytetracycline. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 30:170-7. [PMID: 26537863 PMCID: PMC5063161 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in zoo technical and veterinary practices as feed supplementation to ensure wellness of farmed animals and livestock. Several evidences have been suggesting both the toxic role for tetracyclines, particularly for oxytetracycline (OTC). This potential toxicity appears of great relevance for human nutrition and for domestic animals. This study aimed to extend the evaluation of such toxicity. The biologic impact of the drug was assessed by evaluating the proinflammatory effect of OTC and their bone residues on cytokine secretion by in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our results showed that both OTC and OTC‐bone residues significantly induced the T lymphocyte and non‐T cell secretion of interferon (IFN)‐γ, as cytokine involved in inflammatory responses in humans as well as in animals. These results may suggest a possible implication for new potential human and animal health risks depending on the entry of tetracyclines in the food‐processing chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Cerbo
- School of Specialization in Clinical Biochemistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A T Palatucci
- PhD School of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - V Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Research and Development Laboratory, GRAF SpA, Nonantola, (MO), Italy
| | - S Centenaro
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - A Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Research and Development Laboratory, GRAF SpA, Nonantola, (MO), Italy
| | - E Fraccaroli
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - L Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Guidetti
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - S Canello
- Division of Research and Development, Sanypet SpA, 35023, Bagnoli di Sopra, (PD), Italy
| | - G Terrazzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. , .,Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy. ,
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91
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Salas E, Roy S, Marsh T, Rubin B, Debnath J. Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway inhibition is a key determinant of antimalarial induced cancer cell death. Oncogene 2015; 35:2913-22. [PMID: 26434592 PMCID: PMC4821829 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite immense interest in using antimalarials as autophagy inhibitors to treat cancer, it remains unclear whether these agents act predominantly via autophagy inhibition or whether other pathways direct their anti-cancer properties. By comparing the treatment effects of the antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and quinacrine (Q) on KRAS mutant lung cancer cells, we demonstrate that inhibition of the oxidative arm of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) is required for antimalarial induced apoptosis. Despite inhibiting autophagy, neither CQ treatment nor RNAi against autophagy regulators (ATGs) promote cell death. In contrast, Q triggers high levels of apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo, and this phenotype requires both autophagy inhibition and p53-dependent inhibition of the oxPPP. Simultaneous genetic targeting of the oxPPP and autophagy is sufficient to trigger apoptosis in lung cancer cells, including cells lacking p53. Thus, in addition to reduced autophagy, oxPPP inhibition serves as an important determinant of antimalarial cytotoxicity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salas
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Roy
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Marsh
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B Rubin
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Debnath
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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92
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Shiraishi T, Verdone JE, Huang J, Kahlert UD, Hernandez JR, Torga G, Zarif JC, Epstein T, Gatenby R, McCartney A, Elisseeff JH, Mooney SM, An SS, Pienta KJ. Glycolysis is the primary bioenergetic pathway for cell motility and cytoskeletal remodeling in human prostate and breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:130-43. [PMID: 25426557 PMCID: PMC4381583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a cancer cell to detach from the primary tumor and move to distant sites is fundamental to a lethal cancer phenotype. Metabolic transformations are associated with highly motile aggressive cellular phenotypes in tumor progression. Here, we report that cancer cell motility requires increased utilization of the glycolytic pathway. Mesenchymal cancer cells exhibited higher aerobic glycolysis compared to epithelial cancer cells while no significant change was observed in mitochondrial ATP production rate. Higher glycolysis was associated with increased rates of cytoskeletal remodeling, greater cell traction forces and faster cell migration, all of which were blocked by inhibition of glycolysis, but not by inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. Thus, our results demonstrate that cancer cell motility and cytoskeleton rearrangement is energetically dependent on aerobic glycolysis and not oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial derived ATP is insufficient to compensate for inhibition of the glycolytic pathway with regard to cellular motility and CSK rearrangement, implying that localization of ATP derived from glycolytic enzymes near sites of active CSK rearrangement is more important for cell motility than total cellular ATP production rate. These results extend our understanding of cancer cell metabolism, potentially providing a target metabolic pathway associated with aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James E Verdone
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessie Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R Hernandez
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gonzalo Torga
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jelani C Zarif
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamir Epstein
- Department of Integrative Mathematical Oncology and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Department of Integrative Mathematical Oncology and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Annemarie McCartney
- The Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- The Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Mooney
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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93
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Rupiani S, Buonfiglio R, Manerba M, Di Ianni L, Vettraino M, Giacomini E, Masetti M, Falchi F, Di Stefano G, Roberti M, Recanatini M. Identification of N-acylhydrazone derivatives as novel lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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94
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Inhibitory effects of 3-bromopyruvate in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1895-904. [PMID: 26239511 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells depend on aerobic glycolysis for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, which is therefore targeted by therapeutic agents. The compound 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), a strong alkylating agent and hexokinase inhibitor, inhibits tumor cell glycolysis and the production of ATP, causing apoptosis. 3-BrPA induces apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines HNE1 and CNE-2Z, which may be related to its molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 3-BrPA on the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and other types of programmed cell death in NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. PI staining showed significant apoptosis in NPC cells accompanied by the overproduction of ROS and downregulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm) by 3-BrPA. However, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced 3-BrPA-induced apoptosis by decreasing ROS and facilitating the recovery of MMP. We elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying 3-BrPA activity and found that it caused mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production, leading to necroptosis of NPC cells. We investigated the effects of the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, which inhibits apoptosis but promotes death domain receptor (DR)-induced NPC cell necrosis. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) inhibits necroptosis, apparently via a DR signaling pathway and thus abrogates the effects of z-VAD‑fmk. In addition, we demonstrated the effective attenuation of 3-BrPA-induced necrotic cell death by Nec-1. Finally, animal studies proved that 3-BrPA exhibited significant antitumor activity in nude mice. The present study is the first demonstration of 3-BrPA-induced non-apoptotic necroptosis and ROS generation in NPC cells and provides potential strategies for developing agents against apoptosis‑resistant cancers.
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95
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Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit profound metabolic alterations, allowing them to fulfill the metabolic needs that come with increased proliferation and additional facets of malignancy. Such a metabolic transformation is orchestrated by the genetic changes that drive tumorigenesis, that is, the activation of oncogenes and/or the loss of oncosuppressor genes, and further shaped by environmental cues, such as oxygen concentration and nutrient availability. Understanding this metabolic rewiring is essential to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of tumorigenesis as well as to find novel, therapeutically exploitable liabilities of malignant cells. Here, we describe key features of the metabolic transformation of cancer cells, which frequently include the switch to aerobic glycolysis, a profound mitochondrial reprogramming, and the deregulation of lipid metabolism, highlighting the notion that these pathways are not independent but rather cooperate to sustain proliferation. Finally, we hypothesize that only those genetic defects that effectively support anabolism are selected in the course of tumor progression, implying that cancer-associated mutations may undergo a metabolically convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sciacovelli
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Hilvo
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Biotechnology for Health and Well-Being, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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96
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Alonso-Magdalena P, García-Arévalo M, Quesada I, Nadal Á. Bisphenol-A treatment during pregnancy in mice: a new window of susceptibility for the development of diabetes in mothers later in life. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1659-70. [PMID: 25830705 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence now exists supporting the hypothesis that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can harmfully impact glucose metabolism. Thus, EDCs are beginning to be considered important contributors to the increased incidence of diabetes, obesity, or both. The possible effect of exposure to EDCs during pregnancy on glucose homeostasis in mothers later in life is presently unknown. Here we show that several months after delivery, mothers treated with the widespread EDC bisphenol-A (BPA) during gestation, at environmentally relevant doses, exhibit profound glucose intolerance and altered insulin sensitivity as well as increased body weight. These mice presented a decreased insulin secretion both in vivo and in vitro together with reduced pancreatic β-cell mass. The proliferation capacity was decreased in association with a diminished expression of the cell cycle activators: cyclin D2 and cyclin-dependent kinase-4. In addition, the rate of β-cells apoptosis was increased as well as the expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p53. Conversely, no effects on glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity were observed when female nonpregnant mice were treated with BPA at the same doses. Taken together, these findings reveal that BPA exposure during gestation has harmful long-term implications in glucose metabolism for the mother. This finding highlights a new window of susceptibility for EDC exposure that may be important for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada (P.A.-M., I.Q.), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) (P.A.-M., M.G.-A., I.Q., A.N.), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain
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97
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Currais A. Ageing and inflammation - A central role for mitochondria in brain health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 21:30-42. [PMID: 25684584 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To develop successful therapies that prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases requires an understanding of the upstream events. Ageing is by far the greatest risk factor for most of these diseases, and to clarify their causes will require an understanding of the process of ageing itself. Starting with the question Why do we age as individual organisms, but the line of pluripotent embryonic stem cells and germ cells carried by individuals and transmitted to descendants is immortal? this review discusses how the process of cellular differentiation leads to the accumulation of biological imperfections with ageing, and how these imperfections may be the cause of chronic inflammatory responses to stress that undermine cellular function. Both differentiation and inflammation involve drastic metabolic changes associated with alterations in mitochondrial dynamics that shift the balance between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. With ageing, mitochondrial dysfunction can be both the cause and consequence of inflammatory processes and elicit metabolic adaptations that might be either protective or become progressively detrimental. It is argued here that an understanding of the relationship between metabolism, differentiation and inflammation is essential to understand the pathological mechanisms governing brain health and disease during ageing.
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98
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[Metformin-induced lactic acidosis : Severe symptoms with difficult diagnostics]. Anaesthesist 2015; 64:292-7. [PMID: 25870002 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-015-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Metformin-induced lactic acidosis is a rare but severe disease for the individual patients. A case of a 64-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 suffering from this disease is presented where metformin accumulation was caused by prerenal acute kidney failure. The clinical evaluation up to the final diagnosis, the pathophysiology and the appropriate therapy are presented in detail. Additionally, the current guidelines regarding the perioperative management of metformin administration are summarized. The case described aims to direct attention to the rare but, nevertheless, severe symptoms of metformin-induced lactic acidosis.
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99
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Tanaka K, Sasayama T, Irino Y, Takata K, Nagashima H, Satoh N, Kyotani K, Mizowaki T, Imahori T, Ejima Y, Masui K, Gini B, Yang H, Hosoda K, Sasaki R, Mischel PS, Kohmura E. Compensatory glutamine metabolism promotes glioblastoma resistance to mTOR inhibitor treatment. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1591-602. [PMID: 25798620 DOI: 10.1172/jci78239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is hyperactivated in many types of cancer, rendering it a compelling drug target; however, the impact of mTOR inhibition on metabolic reprogramming in cancer is incompletely understood. Here, by integrating metabolic and functional studies in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines, preclinical models, and clinical samples, we demonstrate that the compensatory upregulation of glutamine metabolism promotes resistance to mTOR kinase inhibitors. Metabolomic studies in GBM cells revealed that glutaminase (GLS) and glutamate levels are elevated following mTOR kinase inhibitor treatment. Moreover, these mTOR inhibitor-dependent metabolic alterations were confirmed in a GBM xenograft model. Expression of GLS following mTOR inhibitor treatment promoted GBM survival in an α-ketoglutarate-dependent (αKG-dependent) manner. Combined genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of mTOR kinase and GLS resulted in massive synergistic tumor cell death and growth inhibition in tumor-bearing mice. These results highlight a critical role for compensatory glutamine metabolism in promoting mTOR inhibitor resistance and suggest that rational combination therapy has the potential to suppress resistance.
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100
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Leinonen HM, Kansanen E, Pölönen P, Heinäniemi M, Levonen AL. Role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 122:281-320. [PMID: 24974185 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420117-0.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is one of the major signaling cascades involved in cell defense and survival against endogenous and exogenous stress. While Nrf2 and its target genes provide protection against various age-related diseases including tumorigenesis, constitutively active Nrf2 in cancer cells increases the expression of cytoprotective genes and, consequently, enhances proliferation via metabolic reprogramming and inhibition of apoptosis. Herein, we review the current understanding of the regulation of Nrf2 in normal cells as well as its dual role in cancer. Furthermore, the mechanisms of Nrf2 dysregulation in cancer, consequences of unchecked Nrf2 activity, and therapies targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Leinonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emilia Kansanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Pölönen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland.
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