51
|
Kocere A, Lalonde RL, Mosimann C, Burger A. Lateral thinking in syndromic congenital cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049735. [PMID: 37125615 PMCID: PMC10184679 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic birth defects are rare diseases that can present with seemingly pleiotropic comorbidities. Prime examples are rare congenital heart and cardiovascular anomalies that can be accompanied by forelimb defects, kidney disorders and more. Whether such multi-organ defects share a developmental link remains a key question with relevance to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and long-term care of affected patients. The heart, endothelial and blood lineages develop together from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which also harbors the progenitor cells for limb connective tissue, kidneys, mesothelia and smooth muscle. This developmental plasticity of the LPM, which founds on multi-lineage progenitor cells and shared transcription factor expression across different descendant lineages, has the potential to explain the seemingly disparate syndromic defects in rare congenital diseases. Combining patient genome-sequencing data with model organism studies has already provided a wealth of insights into complex LPM-associated birth defects, such as heart-hand syndromes. Here, we summarize developmental and known disease-causing mechanisms in early LPM patterning, address how defects in these processes drive multi-organ comorbidities, and outline how several cardiovascular and hematopoietic birth defects with complex comorbidities may be LPM-associated diseases. We also discuss strategies to integrate patient sequencing, data-aggregating resources and model organism studies to mechanistically decode congenital defects, including potentially LPM-associated orphan diseases. Eventually, linking complex congenital phenotypes to a common LPM origin provides a framework to discover developmental mechanisms and to anticipate comorbidities in congenital diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Kocere
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Sunildutt N, Parihar P, Chethikkattuveli Salih AR, Lee SH, Choi KH. Revolutionizing drug development: harnessing the potential of organ-on-chip technology for disease modeling and drug discovery. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1139229. [PMID: 37180709 PMCID: PMC10166826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1139229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The inefficiency of existing animal models to precisely predict human pharmacological effects is the root reason for drug development failure. Microphysiological system/organ-on-a-chip technology (organ-on-a-chip platform) is a microfluidic device cultured with human living cells under specific organ shear stress which can faithfully replicate human organ-body level pathophysiology. This emerging organ-on-chip platform can be a remarkable alternative for animal models with a broad range of purposes in drug testing and precision medicine. Here, we review the parameters employed in using organ on chip platform as a plot mimic diseases, genetic disorders, drug toxicity effects in different organs, biomarker identification, and drug discoveries. Additionally, we address the current challenges of the organ-on-chip platform that should be overcome to be accepted by drug regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, we highlight the future direction of the organ-on-chip platform parameters for enhancing and accelerating drug discoveries and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naina Sunildutt
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pratibha Parihar
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hawkins MR, Wingert RA. Zebrafish as a Model to Study Retinoic Acid Signaling in Development and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041180. [PMID: 37189798 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that plays various roles in development to influence differentiation, patterning, and organogenesis. RA also serves as a crucial homeostatic regulator in adult tissues. The role of RA and its associated pathways are well conserved from zebrafish to humans in both development and disease. This makes the zebrafish a natural model for further interrogation into the functions of RA and RA-associated maladies for the sake of basic research, as well as human health. In this review, we explore both foundational and recent studies using zebrafish as a translational model for investigating RA from the molecular to the organismal scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Hawkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Zhao JY, Yuan XK, Luo RZ, Wang LX, Gu W, Yamane D, Feng H. Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4/retinoic acid receptor responder 3 at the intersection of tumor suppression and pathogen restriction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107239. [PMID: 37063830 PMCID: PMC10102619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A and acyltransferase (PLAAT) 4 is a class II tumor suppressor with phospholipid metabolizing abilities. It was characterized in late 2000s, and has since been referred to as ‘tazarotene-induced gene 3’ (TIG3) or ‘retinoic acid receptor responder 3’ (RARRES3) as a key downstream effector of retinoic acid signaling. Two decades of research have revealed the complexity of its function and regulatory roles in suppressing tumorigenesis. However, more recent findings have also identified PLAAT4 as a key anti-microbial effector enzyme acting downstream of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interferons (IFNs), favoring protection from virus and parasite infections. Unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying its action may thus open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of both cancer and infectious diseases. Herein, we aim to summarize a brief history of PLAAT4 discovery, its transcriptional regulation, and the potential mechanisms in tumor prevention and anti-pathogen defense, and discuss potential future directions of PLAAT4 research toward the development of therapeutic approaches targeting this enzyme with pleiotropic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Zhao
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Yuan
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Luo
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daisuke Yamane
- Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Feng, ; Daisuke Yamane,
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Wang Y, He S. Using Fano factors to determine certain types of gene autoregulation. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2301.06692v2. [PMID: 36713249 PMCID: PMC9882590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The expression of one gene might be regulated by its corresponding protein, which is called autoregulation. Although gene regulation is a central topic in biology, autoregulation is much less studied. In general, it is extremely difficult to determine the existence of autoregulation with direct biochemical approaches. Nevertheless, some papers have observed that certain types of autoregulations are linked to noise levels in gene expression. We generalize these results by two propositions on discrete-state continuous-time Markov chains. These two propositions form a simple but robust method to infer the existence of autoregulation in certain scenarios from gene expression data. This method only depends on the Fano factor, namely the ratio of variance and mean of the gene expression level. Compared to other methods for inferring autoregulation, our method only requires non-interventional one-time data, and does not need to estimate parameters. Besides, our method has few restrictions on the model. We apply this method to four groups of experimental data and find some genes that might have autoregulation. Some inferred autoregulations have been verified by experiments or other theoretical works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Bures-sur-Yvette, Essonne, France
| | - Siqi He
- Simons Center for Geometry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Nhieu J, Milbauer L, Lerdall T, Najjar F, Wei CW, Ishida R, Ma Y, Kagechika H, Wei LN. Targeting Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 with Retinoic Acid-like Compounds to Mitigate Motor Neuron Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4980. [PMID: 36902410 PMCID: PMC10002585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic Acid (atRA) is the principal active metabolite of Vitamin A, essential for various biological processes. The activities of atRA are mediated by nuclear RA receptors (RARs) to alter gene expression (canonical activities) or by cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1) to rapidly (minutes) modulate cytosolic kinase signaling, including calcium calmodulin-activated kinase 2 (CaMKII) (non-canonical activities). Clinically, atRA-like compounds have been extensively studied for therapeutic applications; however, RAR-mediated toxicity severely hindered the progress. It is highly desirable to identify CRABP1-binding ligands that lack RAR activity. Studies of CRABP1 knockout (CKO) mice revealed CRABP1 to be a new therapeutic target, especially for motor neuron (MN) degenerative diseases where CaMKII signaling in MN is critical. This study reports a P19-MN differentiation system, enabling studies of CRABP1 ligands in various stages of MN differentiation, and identifies a new CRABP1-binding ligand C32. Using the P19-MN differentiation system, the study establishes C32 and previously reported C4 as CRABP1 ligands that can modulate CaMKII activation in the P19-MN differentiation process. Further, in committed MN cells, elevating CRABP1 reduces excitotoxicity-triggered MN death, supporting a protective role for CRABP1 signaling in MN survival. C32 and C4 CRABP1 ligands were also protective against excitotoxicity-triggered MN death. The results provide insight into the potential of signaling pathway-selective, CRABP1-binding, atRA-like ligands in mitigating MN degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nhieu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Liming Milbauer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thomas Lerdall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Fatimah Najjar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chin-Wen Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ryosuke Ishida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Jeong H, Armstrong AT, Isoherranen N, Czuba L, Yang A, Zumpf K, Ciolino J, Torres E, Stika CS, Wisner KL. Temporal changes in the systemic concentrations of retinoids in pregnant and postpartum women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280424. [PMID: 36795769 PMCID: PMC9934425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoids and vitamin A are essential for multiple biological functions, including vision and immune responses, as well as the development of an embryo during pregnancy. Despite its importance, alterations in retinoid homeostasis during normal human pregnancy are incompletely understood. We aimed to characterize the temporal changes in the systemic retinoid concentrations across pregnancy and postpartum period. Monthly blood samples were collected from twenty healthy pregnant women, and plasma concentrations of retinol, all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cisRA), and 4-oxo-retinoic acids were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Significant decreases in 13cisRA concentrations over the pregnancy were observed, with rebound increases in retinol and 13cisRA levels after delivery. Of note, atRA concentrations exhibited a unique temporal pattern with levels peaking at mid-pregnancy. While the 4-oxo-atRA concentration was below the limit of quantification, 4-oxo-13cisRA was readily detectable, and its temporal change mimicked that of 13cisRA. The time profiles of atRA and 13cisRA remained similar after correction by albumin levels for plasma volume expansion adjustment. Together, the comprehensive profiling of systemic retinoid concentrations over the course of pregnancy provides insights into pregnancy-mediated changes in retinoid disposition to maintain its homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Jeong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Abigail T. Armstrong
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Amy Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Katelynn Zumpf
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jody Ciolino
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Catherine S. Stika
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Wisner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Määttä A, Nixon R, Robinson N, Ambler CA, Goncalves K, Maltman V, Przyborski S. Regulation of epidermal proliferation and hair follicle cycling by synthetic photostable retinoid EC23. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1658-1669. [PMID: 36718827 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid signaling is an important regulator of the epidermis and skin appendages. Therefore, synthetic retinoids have been developed for therapeutic use for skin disorders such as psoriasis and acne. AIMS In previous studies, we showed how the photostable retinoid EC23 induces neuronal differentiation in stem cell-like cell populations, and here, we aim to investigate its ability to influence epidermal and hair follicle growth. METHODS EC23 influence on skin biology was investigated initially in cultures of monolayer keratinocytes and three-dimentional in vitro models of skin, and finally in in vivo studies of mice back skin. RESULTS EC23 induces keratinocyte hyperproliferation in vitro and in vivo, and when applied to mouse skin increases the number of involucrin-positive suprabasal cell layers. These phenotypic changes are similar in skin treated with the natural retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA); however, EC23 is more potent; a tenfold lower dose of EC23 is sufficient to induce epidermal thickening, and resulting hyperproliferation is sustained for a longer time period after first dose. EC23 treatment resulted in a disorganized stratum corneum, reduced cell surface lipids and compromised barrier, similar to ATRA treatment. However, EC23 induces a rapid telogen to anagen transition and hair re-growth in 6-week-old mice with synchronously resting back skin follicles. The impact of EC23 on the hair cycle was surprising as similar results have not been seen with ATRA. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that synthetic retinoid EC23 is a useful tool in exploring the turnover and differentiation of cells and has a potent effect on skin physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arto Määttä
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Rebecca Nixon
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Neil Robinson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Xia J, Li S, Liu S, Zhang L. Aldehyde dehydrogenase in solid tumors and other diseases: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e195. [PMID: 36694633 PMCID: PMC9842923 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) contains 19 isozymes and is involved in the oxidation of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes to carboxylic acids, which contributes to cellular and tissue homeostasis. ALDHs play essential parts in detoxification, biosynthesis, and antioxidants, which are of important value for cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in normal body tissues. However, ALDHs are frequently dysregulated and associated with various diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and especially solid tumors. Notably, the involvement of the ALDHs in tumor progression is responsible for the maintenance of the stem-cell-like phenotype, triggering rapid and aggressive clinical progressions. ALDHs have captured increasing attention as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Nevertheless, these require further longitudinal clinical studies in large populations for broad application. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding ALDHs as potential biomarkers in tumors and several non-tumor diseases, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ALDHs in disease development. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of ALDHs in diseases, especially in tumor therapy with an emphasis on their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Siqin Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
The Expanding Role of Cancer Stem Cell Marker ALDH1A3 in Cancer and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020492. [PMID: 36672441 PMCID: PMC9857290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) is one of 19 ALDH enzymes expressed in humans, and it is critical in the production of hormone receptor ligand retinoic acid (RA). We review the role of ALDH1A3 in normal physiology, its identification as a cancer stem cell marker, and its modes of action in cancer and other diseases. ALDH1A3 is often over-expressed in cancer and promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance by altering gene expression, cell signaling pathways, and glycometabolism. The increased levels of ALDH1A3 in cancer occur due to genetic amplification, epigenetic modifications, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modification. Finally, we review the potential of targeting ALDH1A3, with both general ALDH inhibitors and small molecules specifically designed to inhibit ALDH1A3 activity.
Collapse
|
61
|
Retinoic acid released from self-assembling peptide activates cardiomyocyte proliferation and enhances repair of infarcted myocardium. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113440. [PMID: 36481206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The limited cardiomyocyte proliferation is insufficient for repair of the myocardium. Therefore, activating cardiomyocyte proliferation might be a reasonable option for myocardial regeneration. Here, we investigated effect of retinoic acid (RA) on inducing adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and assessed efficacy of self-assembling peptide (SAP)-released RA in activating regeneration of the infarcted myocardium. Effect of RA on inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation was examined with the isolated cardiomyocytes. Expression of the cell cycle-associated genes and paracrine factors in the infarcted myocardium was examined at one week after treatment with SAP-carried RA. Cardiomyocyte proliferation, myocardial regeneration and improvement of cardiac function were assessed at four weeks after treatment. In the adult rat myocardium, expression of RA synthetase gene Raldh2 and RA concentration were decreased significantly. After treatment with RA, the proliferated cardiomyocytes were increased. The formulated SAP could sustainedly release RA. After treatment with SAP-carried RA, expression of the pro-proliferative genes in cell cycle and paracrine factors in the infarcted myocardium were up-regulated. Myocardial regeneration was enhanced, and cardiac function was improved significantly. These results demonstrate that RA can induce adult cardiomyocytes to proliferate effectively. The sustained release of RA with SAP is a promise strategy to enhance repair of the infarcted myocardium.
Collapse
|
62
|
Berenguer M, Duester G. Genetic loss-of-function does not support gain-of-function studies suggesting retinoic acid controls limb bud timing and scaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1149009. [PMID: 37123409 PMCID: PMC10133474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1149009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
|
63
|
RAR-alpha: Creator, protector, and tormentor. Neuron 2022; 110:4033-4035. [PMID: 36549266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors are important for homeostatic synaptic plasticity and have many beneficial effects within the brain. New work by Cao et al.1 uncovers a role for these receptors in driving neuropathic pain development, thus identifying a potential preventative therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
64
|
Zhu L, Kamalathevan P, Koneva LA, Zarebska JM, Chanalaris A, Ismail H, Wiberg A, Ng M, Muhammad H, Walsby-Tickle J, McCullagh JSO, Watt FE, Sansom SN, Furniss D, Gardiner MD, Vincent TL, Riley N, Spiteri M, McNab I, Little C, Cogswell L, Critchley P, Giele H, Shirley R. Variants in ALDH1A2 reveal an anti-inflammatory role for retinoic acid and a new class of disease-modifying drugs in osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm4054. [PMID: 36542696 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 40% of individuals will develop osteoarthritis (OA) during their lifetime, yet there are currently no licensed disease-modifying treatments for this disabling condition. Common polymorphic variants in ALDH1A2, which encodes the key enzyme for synthesis of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), are associated with severe hand OA. Here, we sought to elucidate the biological significance of this association. We first confirmed that ALDH1A2 risk variants were associated with hand OA in the U.K. Biobank. Articular cartilage was acquired from 33 individuals with hand OA at the time of routine hand OA surgery. After stratification by genotype, RNA sequencing was performed. A reciprocal relationship between ALDH1A2 mRNA and inflammatory genes was observed. Articular cartilage injury up-regulated similar inflammatory genes by a process that we have previously termed mechanoflammation, which we believe is a primary driver of OA. Cartilage injury was also associated with a concomitant drop in atRA-inducible genes, which were used as a surrogate measure of cellular atRA concentration. Both responses to injury were reversed using talarozole, a retinoic acid metabolism blocking agent (RAMBA). Suppression of mechanoflammation by talarozole was mediated by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-dependent mechanism. Talarozole was able to suppress mechano-inflammatory genes in articular cartilage in vivo 6 hours after mouse knee joint destabilization and reduced cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation after 26 days. These data show that boosting atRA suppresses mechanoflammation in the articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo and identifies RAMBAs as potential disease-modifying drugs for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Zhu
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Pragash Kamalathevan
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Lada A Koneva
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jadwiga Miotla Zarebska
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anastasios Chanalaris
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Heba Ismail
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute (HELSI) and Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Akira Wiberg
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Michael Ng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Hayat Muhammad
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Fiona E Watt
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Matthew D Gardiner
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Fin ray branching is defined by TRAP + osteolytic tubules in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209231119. [PMID: 36417434 PMCID: PMC9889879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209231119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The shaping of bone structures relies on various cell types and signaling pathways. Here, we use the zebrafish bifurcating fin rays during regeneration to investigate bone patterning. We found that the regenerating fin rays form via two mineralization fronts that undergo an osteoblast-dependent fusion/stitching until the branchpoint, and that bifurcation is not simply the splitting of one unit into two. We identified tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteolytic tubular structures at the branchpoints, hereafter named osteolytic tubules (OLTs). Chemical inhibition of their bone-resorbing activity strongly impairs ray bifurcation, indicating that OLTs counteract the stitching process. Furthermore, by testing different osteoactive compounds, we show that the position of the branchpoint depends on the balance between bone mineralization and resorption activities. Overall, these findings provide a unique perspective on fin ray formation and bifurcation, and reveal a key role for OLTs in defining the proximo-distal position of the branchpoint.
Collapse
|
66
|
Guo X, Wang H, Xu J, Hua H. Impacts of vitamin A deficiency on biological rhythms: Insights from the literature. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886244. [PMID: 36466383 PMCID: PMC9718491 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is essential for brain function, in addition to its important roles in vision, immunity, and reproduction. Previous studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive form of vitamin A, is involved in the regulation of various intracellular responses related to biological rhythms. RA is reported to affect the circadian rhythm by binding to RA receptors, such as receptors in the circadian feedback loops in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, evidence of the impacts of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) on biological rhythms is limited, and most of the related studies were conducted on animals. In this review, we described the physiological functions of biological rhythms and physiological pathways/molecular mechanisms regulating the biological rhythms. We then discussed the current understanding of the associations of VAD with biological rhythm disorders/diseases (sleep disorders, impairments in learning/memory, emotional disorders, and other immune or metabolism diseases) and summarized the currently proposed mechanisms (mainly by retinoid nuclear receptors and related proteins) for the associations. This review may help recognize the role of VAD in biological rhythm disorders and stimulate clinical or epidemiological studies to confirm the findings of related animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Hudson DT, Bromell JS, Day RC, McInnes T, Ward JM, Beck CW. Gene expression analysis of the Xenopus laevis early limb bud proximodistal axis. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1880-1896. [PMID: 35809036 PMCID: PMC9796579 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb buds develop as bilateral outgrowths of the lateral plate mesoderm and are patterned along three axes. Current models of proximal to distal patterning of early amniote limb buds suggest that two signals, a distal organizing signal from the apical epithelial ridge (AER, Fgfs) and an opposing proximal (retinoic acid [RA]) act early on pattern this axis. RESULTS Transcriptional analysis of stage 51 Xenopus laevis hindlimb buds sectioned along the proximal-distal axis showed that the distal region is distinct from the rest of the limb. Expression of capn8.3, a novel calpain, was located in cells immediately flanking the AER. The Wnt antagonist Dkk1 was AER-specific in Xenopus limbs. Two transcription factors, sall1 and zic5, were expressed in distal mesenchyme. Zic5 has no described association with limb development. We also describe expression of two proximal genes, gata5 and tnn, not previously associated with limb development. Differentially expressed genes were associated with Fgf, Wnt, and RA signaling as well as differential cell adhesion and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We identify new candidate genes for early proximodistal limb patterning. Our analysis of RA-regulated genes supports a role for transient RA gradients in early limb bud in proximal-to-distal patterning in this anamniote model organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Hudson
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand,Oritain GlobalDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Jessica S. Bromell
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand,Dairy Goat Co‐operativeHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Robert C. Day
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Tyler McInnes
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Joanna M. Ward
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Chugh M, Munjal A, Megason SG. Hydrostatic pressure as a driver of cell and tissue morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 131:134-145. [PMID: 35534334 PMCID: PMC9529827 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenesis, the process by which tissues develop into functional shapes, requires coordinated mechanical forces. Most current literature ascribes contractile forces derived from actomyosin networks as the major driver of tissue morphogenesis. Recent works from diverse species have shown that pressure derived from fluids can generate deformations necessary for tissue morphogenesis. In this review, we discuss how hydrostatic pressure is generated at the cellular and tissue level and how the pressure can cause deformations. We highlight and review findings demonstrating the mechanical roles of pressures from fluid-filled lumens and viscous gel-like components of the extracellular matrix. We also emphasise the interactions and mechanochemical feedbacks between extracellular pressures and tissue behaviour in driving tissue remodelling. Lastly, we offer perspectives on the open questions in the field that will further our understanding to uncover new principles of tissue organisation during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chugh
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Akankshi Munjal
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Nanaline Duke Building, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Sean G Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is an important nutrient for embryonic development and adult health. Early studies identified retinoic acid (RA) as a metabolite of retinol, however, its importance was not apparent. Later, it was observed that RA treatment of vertebrate embryos had teratogenic effects on limb development. Subsequently, the discovery of nuclear RA receptors (RARs) revealed that RA controls gene expression directly at the transcriptional level through a process referred to as RA signaling. This important discovery led to further studies demonstrating that RA and RARs are required for normal embryonic development. The determination of RA function during normal development has been challenging as RA gain-of-function studies often lead to conclusions about normal development that conflict with RAR or RA loss-of-function studies. However, genetic loss-of-function studies have identified direct target genes of endogenous RA/RAR that are required for normal development of specific tissues. Thus, genetic loss-of-function studies that eliminate RARs or RA-generating enzymes have been instrumental in revealing that RA signaling is required for normal early development of many organs and tissues, including the hindbrain, posterior body axis, somites, spinal cord, forelimbs, heart, and eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Berenguer
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Jin Q, Huo C, Yang W, Jin K, Cai S, Zheng Y, Huang B, Wei L, Zhang M, Han Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang X. Regulation of Tyrosinase Gene Expression by Retinoic Acid Pathway in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12840. [PMID: 36361629 PMCID: PMC9656583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in various biological processes in animals. RA signaling is mediated by two types of nuclear receptors, namely retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR), which regulate gene expression by binding to retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the promoters of target genes. Here, we explored the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the Pacific oyster Crassostera gigas at the transcriptome level. A total of 586 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in C. gigas upon ATRA treatment, with 309 upregulated and 277 downregulated genes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that ATRA affects the development, metabolism, reproduction, and immunity of C. gigas. Four tyrosinase genes, including Tyr-6 (LOC105331209), Tyr-9 (LOC105346503), Tyr-20 (LOC105330910), and Tyr-12 (LOC105320007), were upregulated by ATRA according to the transcriptome data and these results were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. In addition, increased expression of Tyr (a melanin-related TYR gene in C. gigas) and Tyr-2 were detected after ATRA treatment. The yeast one-hybrid assay revealed the DNA-binding activity of the RA receptors CgRAR and CgRXR, and the interaction of CgRAR with RARE present in the Tyr-2 promoter. These results provide evidence for the further studies on the role of ATRA and the mechanism of RA receptors in mollusks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jin
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chuncao Huo
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Kaidi Jin
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shuai Cai
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai 265800, China
| | - Yanxin Zheng
- Changdao Enhancement and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yantai 265800, China
| | - Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yijing Han
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Duester G. Pharmacological retinoic acid alters limb patterning during regeneration but endogenous retinoic acid is not required. Regen Med 2022; 17:705-707. [PMID: 35730255 PMCID: PMC9472174 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging & Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Alhasnani MA, Loeb S, Hall SJ, Caruolo Z, Simmonds F, Solano AE, Spade DJ. Interaction between mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and retinoic acid alters Sertoli cell development during fetal mouse testis cord morphogenesis. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100087. [PMID: 36189433 PMCID: PMC9520016 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (phthalates) are a class of industrial chemicals that cause developmental and reproductive toxicity, but there are significant gaps in knowledge of phthalate toxicity mechanisms. There is evidence that phthalates disrupt retinoic acid signaling in the fetal testis, potentially disrupting control of spatial and temporal patterns of testis development. Our goal was to determine how a phthalate would interact with retinoic acid signaling during fetal mouse testis development. We hypothesized that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) would exacerbate the adverse effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on seminiferous cord development in the mouse fetal testis. To test this hypothesis, gestational day (GD) 14 C57BL/6 mouse testes were isolated and cultured on media containing MEHP, ATRA, or a combination of both compounds. Cultured testes were collected for global transcriptome analysis after one day in culture and for histology and immunofluorescent analysis of Sertoli cell differentiation after three days in culture. ATRA disrupted seminiferous cord morphogenesis and induced aberrant FOXL2 expression. MEHP alone had no significant effect on cord development, but combined exposure to MEHP and ATRA increased the number of FOXL2-positive cells, reduced seminiferous cord number, and increased testosterone levels, beyond the effect of ATRA alone. In RNA-seq analysis, ATRA treatment and MEHP treatment resulted in differential expression of genes 510 and 134 genes, respectively, including 70 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two treatments, including genes with known roles in fetal testis development. MEHP DEGs included RAR target genes, genes involved in angiogenesis, and developmental patterning genes, including members of the homeobox superfamily. These results support the hypothesis that MEHP modulates retinoic acid signaling in the mouse fetal testis and provide insight into potential mechanisms by which phthalates disrupt seminiferous cord morphogenesis.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATRA, All-trans retinoic acid. CAS # 302-79-4
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Fetal testis development
- GD, gestational day
- GO, Gene Ontology
- IPA, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
- ITCN, Image-based Tool for Counting Nuclei
- MEHP, mono-(2-ethylheyxl) phthalate. CAS # 4376-20-9
- MNGs, multinucleated germ cells
- PVC, polyvinyl chloride
- Phthalate toxicity
- Retinoic acid
- Sertoli cell
- TDS, testicular dysgenesis syndrome
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Alhasnani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Box G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Skylar Loeb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Box G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan J. Hall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Box G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Zachary Caruolo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Box G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Faith Simmonds
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Box G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Amanda E. Solano
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Box G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Daniel J. Spade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Box G-E5, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Temple SEL, Ho G, Bennetts B, Boggs K, Vidic N, Mowat D, Christodoulou J, Schultz A, Gayagay T, Roscioli T, Zhu Y, Lunke S, Armstrong D, Harrison J, Kapur N, McDonald T, Selvadurai H, Tai A, Stark Z, Jaffe A. The role of exome sequencing in childhood interstitial or diffuse lung disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:350. [PMID: 36085161 PMCID: PMC9463757 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) is a complex heterogeneous group of lung disorders. Gene panel approaches have a reported diagnostic yield of ~ 12%. No data currently exist using trio exome sequencing as the standard diagnostic modality. We assessed the diagnostic utility of using trio exome sequencing in chILD. We prospectively enrolled children meeting specified clinical criteria between 2016 and 2020 from 16 Australian hospitals. Exome sequencing was performed with analysis of an initial gene panel followed by trio exome analysis. A subset of critically ill infants underwent ultra-rapid trio exome sequencing as first-line test. RESULTS 36 patients [median (range) age 0.34 years (0.02-11.46); 11F] were recruited from multiple States and Territories. Five patients had clinically significant likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants (RARB, RPL15, CTCF, RFXANK, TBX4) and one patient had a variant of uncertain significance (VIP) suspected to contribute to their clinical phenotype, with VIP being a novel gene candidate. CONCLUSIONS Trio exomes (6/36; 16.7%) had a better diagnostic rate than gene panel (1/36; 2.8%), due to the ability to consider a broader range of underlying conditions. However, the aetiology of chILD in most cases remained undetermined, likely reflecting the interplay between low penetrant genetic and environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna E L Temple
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gladys Ho
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsten Boggs
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nada Vidic
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Mowat
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Christodoulou
- Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - André Schultz
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Thet Gayagay
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Randwick Genomics Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Zhu
- Randwick Genomics Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sebastian Lunke
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Armstrong
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton Rd, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Harrison
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nitin Kapur
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Hiran Selvadurai
- Disciplines of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Tai
- Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Pierro JD, Ahir BK, Baker NC, Kleinstreuer NC, Xia M, Knudsen TB. Computational model for fetal skeletal defects potentially linked to disruption of retinoic acid signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971296. [PMID: 36172177 PMCID: PMC9511990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) gradients determine skeletal patterning morphogenesis and can be disrupted by diverse genetic or environmental factors during pregnancy, leading to fetal skeleton defects. Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) frameworks for ATRA metabolism, signaling, and homeostasis allow for the development of new approach methods (NAMs) for predictive toxicology with less reliance on animal testing. Here, a data-driven model was constructed to identify chemicals associated with both ATRA pathway bioactivity and prenatal skeletal defects. The phenotype data was culled from ToxRefDB prenatal developmental toxicity studies and produced a list of 363 ToxRefDB chemicals with altered skeletal observations. Defects were classified regionally as cranial, post-cranial axial, appendicular, and other (unspecified) features based on ToxRefDB descriptors. To build a multivariate statistical model, high-throughput screening bioactivity data from >8,070 chemicals in ToxCast/Tox21 across 10 in vitro assays relevant to the retinoid signaling system were evaluated and compared to literature-based candidate reference chemicals in the dataset. There were 48 chemicals identified for effects on both in vivo skeletal defects and in vitro ATRA pathway targets for computational modeling. The list included 28 chemicals with prior evidence of skeletal defects linked to retinoid toxicity and 20 chemicals without prior evidence. The combination of thoracic cage defects and DR5 (direct repeats of 5 nucleotides for RAR/RXR transactivation) disruption was the most frequently occurring phenotypic and target disturbance, respectively. This data model provides valuable AOP elucidation and validates current mechanistic understanding. These findings also shed light on potential avenues for new mechanistic discoveries related to ATRA pathway disruption and associated skeletal dysmorphogenesis due to environmental exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocylin D. Pierro
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Computational Toxicology and Bioinformatics Branch (CTBB), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Bhavesh K. Ahir
- Eurofins Medical Device Testing, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Nancy C. Baker
- Scientific Computing and Data Curation Division (SCDCD), Leidos Contractor, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), USEPA/ORD, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division for Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas B. Knudsen
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), Computational Toxicology and Bioinformatics Branch (CTBB), Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas B. Knudsen, , orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-596x
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Endoh M, Niwa H. Stepwise pluripotency transitions in mouse stem cells. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55010. [PMID: 35903955 PMCID: PMC9442314 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells in mouse embryos, which first emerge in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, undergo gradual transition marked by changes in gene expression, developmental potential, polarity, and morphology as they develop from the pre-implantation until post-implantation gastrula stage. Recent studies of cultured mouse pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have clarified the presence of intermediate pluripotent stages between the naïve pluripotent state represented by embryonic stem cells (ESCs-equivalent to the pre-implantation epiblast) and the primed pluripotent state represented by epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs-equivalent to the late post-implantation gastrula epiblast). In this review, we discuss these recent findings in light of our knowledge on peri-implantation mouse development and consider the implications of these new PSCs to understand their temporal sequence and the feasibility of using them as model system for pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Endoh
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singla RK, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Therapeutic insights elaborating the potential of retinoids in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976799. [PMID: 36091826 PMCID: PMC9453874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is perceived with various pathophysiological characteristics such oxidative stress, senile plaques, neuroinflammation, altered neurotransmission immunological changes, neurodegenerative pathways, and age-linked alterations. A great deal of studies even now are carried out for comprehensive understanding of pathological processes of AD, though many agents are in clinical trials for the treatment of AD. Retinoids and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are pertinent to such attributes of the disease. Retinoids support the proper functioning of the immunological pathways, and are very potent immunomodulators. The nervous system relies heavily on retinoic acid signaling. The disruption of retinoid signaling relates to several pathogenic mechanisms in the normal brain. Retinoids play critical functions in the neuronal organization, differentiation, and axonal growth in the normal functioning of the brain. Disturbed retinoic acid signaling causes inflammatory responses, mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, leading to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Retinoids interfere with the production and release of neuroinflammatory chemokines and cytokines which are located to be activated in the pathogenesis of AD. Also, stimulating nuclear retinoid receptors reduces amyloid aggregation, lowers neurodegeneration, and thus restricts Alzheimer’s disease progression in preclinical studies. We outlined the physiology of retinoids in this review, focusing on their possible neuroprotective actions, which will aid in elucidating the critical function of such receptors in AD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Sytems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Tapan Behl, ; Simona Bungau,
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Shang Z, Yang L, Wang Z, Tian Y, Gao Y, Su Z, Guo R, Li W, Liu G, Li X, Yang Z, Li Z, Zhang Z. The transcription factor Zfp503 promotes the D1 MSN identity and represses the D2 MSN identity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948331. [PMID: 36081908 PMCID: PMC9445169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is primarily composed of two types of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing either D1- or D2-type dopamine receptors. However, the fate determination of these two types of neurons is not fully understood. Here, we found that D1 MSNs undergo fate switching to D2 MSNs in the absence of Zfp503. Furthermore, scRNA-seq revealed that the transcription factor Zfp503 affects the differentiation of these progenitor cells in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). More importantly, we found that the transcription factors Sp8/9, which are required for the differentiation of D2 MSNs, are repressed by Zfp503. Finally, sustained Zfp503 expression in LGE progenitor cells promoted the D1 MSN identity and repressed the D2 MSN identity. Overall, our findings indicated that Zfp503 promotes the D1 MSN identity and represses the D2 MSN identity by regulating Sp8/9 expression during striatal MSN development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhenmeiyu Li
- *Correspondence: Zhenmeiyu Li, ; Zhuangzhi Zhang,
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Current Opportunities for Targeting Dysregulated Neurodevelopmental Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162530. [PMID: 36010607 PMCID: PMC9406959 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly lethal type of brain tumor, with poor survival despite advances in understanding its complexity. After current standard therapeutic treatment, including tumor resection, radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide, the median overall survival of patients with this type of tumor is less than 15 months. Thus, there is an urgent need for new insights into GBM molecular characteristics and progress in targeted therapy in order to improve clinical outcomes. The literature data revealed that a number of different signaling pathways are dysregulated in GBM. In this review, we intended to summarize and discuss current literature data and therapeutic modalities focused on targeting dysregulated signaling pathways in GBM. A better understanding of opportunities for targeting signaling pathways that influences malignant behavior of GBM cells might open the way for the development of novel GBM-targeted therapies.
Collapse
|
79
|
Vitamin A Deficiency Alters the Phototransduction Machinery and Distinct Non-Vision-Specific Pathways in the Drosophila Eye Proteome. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081083. [PMID: 36008977 PMCID: PMC9405971 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The requirement of vitamin A for the synthesis of the visual chromophore and the light-sensing pigments has been studied in vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. To identify the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the ocular response to vitamin A deprivation, we took advantage of the fact that Drosophila melanogaster predominantly requires vitamin A for vision, but not for development or survival. We analyzed the impacts of vitamin A deficiency on the morphology, the lipidome, and the proteome of the Drosophila eye. We found that chronic vitamin A deprivation damaged the light-sensing compartments and caused a dramatic loss of visual pigments, but also decreased the molar abundance of most phototransduction proteins that amplify and transduce the visual signal. Unexpectedly, vitamin A deficiency also decreased the abundances of specific subunits of mitochondrial TCA cycle and respiratory chain components but increased the levels of cuticle- and lens-related proteins. In contrast, we found no apparent effects of vitamin A deficiency on the ocular lipidome. In summary, chronic vitamin A deficiency decreases the levels of most components of the visual signaling pathway, but also affects molecular pathways that are not vision-specific and whose mechanistic connection to vitamin A remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
|
80
|
Retinoic Acid Promotes the In Vitro Growth, Patterning and Improves the Cellular Composition of Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158624. [PMID: 35955755 PMCID: PMC9368900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for modeling human development and as a possible source of tissue for transplantation. HIOs generate all of the main epithelial and mesenchymal cell types found in the developing human intestine and mature into intestinal tissue with crypts and villi following transplantation into immunocompromised mice. However, incomplete in vitro patterning and the presence of contaminating neurons could hinder their use for regenerative medicine in humans. Based on studies in model organisms, we hypothesized that the treatment of HIOs with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) would improve their in vitro growth and patterning. We found that ATRA not only improved the patterning of HIOs, ATRA also increased organoid forming efficiency, improved epithelial growth, enriched intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (ISEMFs) and reduced neuronal contamination in HIOs. Taken together, our studies demonstrate how the manipulation of a single developmental signaling pathway can be used to improve the survival, patterning and cellular composition of HIOs.
Collapse
|
81
|
Margiana R, Pakpahan C, Pangestu M. A systematic review of retinoic acid in the journey of spermatogonium to spermatozoa: From basic to clinical application. F1000Res 2022; 11:552. [PMID: 35967975 PMCID: PMC9345263 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.110510.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinoic acid plays an essential role in testicular development and functions, especially spermatogenesis. We have reviewed the role of retinoic acid from basic (molecular) to clinical application. Methods: A search was conducted in the online database including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for English studies published in the last eight years about this issue. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in assessing the studies we are going to investigate. Results: Studies indicated that retinoic acid plays an essential role during pluripotent stem cell migration and lineage commitment, cell differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell number regulation, and maturation arrest in spermatogenic cells. Retinoic acid can also affect related protein expression and signaling pathways at different stages of spermatogenesis. Four studies have applied retinoic acid to humans, all of them in the single-arm observational study. The results look promising but need further research with more controlled study methods, randomization, and large samples. Conclusions: This current systematic review emphasizes a novel retinoic acid mechanism that has not been well described in the literature previously on its functions during the first seven days of spermatogenesis, leading to new directions or explanations of male infertility cause and treatments as a part of reproductive health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Andrology Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cennikon Pakpahan
- Andrology Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mulyoto Pangestu
- Education Program in Reproduction and Development (EPRD), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Bi G, Liang J, Bian Y, Shan G, Besskaya V, Wang Q, Zhan C. The immunomodulatory role of all-trans retinoic acid in tumor microenvironment. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00860-x. [PMID: 35829844 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are essential nutrients for human beings. Among them, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), considered one of the most active metabolites, plays important roles in multiple biological processes. ATRA regulates the transcription of target genes by interacting with nuclear receptors bonded to retinoic acid response elements (RAREs). Besides its differentiation-inducing effect in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and some solid tumor types, its immunoregulatory role in tumor microenvironment (TME) has attracted considerable attention. ATRA not only substantially abrogates the immunosuppressive effect of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells but also activates the anti-tumor effect of CD8 + T cells. Notably, the combination of ATRA with other therapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tumor vaccines, and chemotherapy, has been extensively investigated in a variety of tumor models and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of ATRA in cancer immunology and immunotherapy, dissect the underlying mechanisms of ATRA-mediated activation or differentiation of different types of immune cells, and explore the potential clinical significance of ATRA-based cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guangyao Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Valeria Besskaya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Harrington J, Wheway G, Willaime-Morawek S, Gibson J, Walters ZS. Pathogenic KDM5B variants in the context of developmental disorders. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194848. [PMID: 35905858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifying enzymes are involved in the posttranslational modification of histones and the epigenetic control of gene expression. They play a critical role in normal development, and there is increasing evidence of their role in developmental disorders (DDs). DDs are a group of chronic, severe conditions that impact the physical, intellectual, language and/or behavioral development of an individual. There are very few treatment options available for DDs such that these are conditions with significant unmet clinical need. Recessive variants in the gene encoding histone modifying enzyme KDM5B are associated with a DD characterized by developmental delay, facial dysmorphism and camptodactyly. KDM5B is responsible for the demethylation of lysine 4 on the amino tail of histone 3 and plays a vital role in normal development and regulating cell differentiation. This review explores the literature on KDM5B and what is currently known about its roles in development and developmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Harrington
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | | - Jane Gibson
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Zoë S Walters
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Deng Q, Chen J. Potential Therapeutic Effect of All-Trans Retinoic Acid on Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070869. [PMID: 35883425 PMCID: PMC9312697 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, which are the leading cause of death worldwide. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural derivative of essential vitamin A. Numerous studies have shown that ATRA plays an important role in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell differentiation, and embryonic development. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a ligand of retinoic acid receptors that regulates various biological processes by activating retinoic acid signals. In this paper, the metabolic processes of ATRA were reviewed, with emphasis on the effects of ATRA on inflammatory cells involved in the process of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
85
|
Sosnowski P, Sass P, Słonimska P, Płatek R, Kamińska J, Baczyński Keller J, Mucha P, Peszyńska-Sularz G, Czupryn A, Pikuła M, Piotrowski A, Janus Ł, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Skowron P, Sachadyn P. Regenerative Drug Discovery Using Ear Pinna Punch Wound Model in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050610. [PMID: 35631437 PMCID: PMC9145447 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ear pinna is a complex tissue consisting of the dermis, cartilage, muscles, vessels, and nerves. Ear pinna healing is a model of regeneration in mammals. In some mammals, including rabbits, punch wounds in the ear pinna close spontaneously; in common-use laboratory mice, they remain for life. Agents inducing ear pinna healing are potential regenerative drugs. We tested the effects of selected bioactive agents on 2 mm ear pinna wound closure in BALB/c mice. Our previous research demonstrated that a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, zebularine, remarkably induced ear pinna regeneration. Although experiments with two other demethylating agents, RG108 and hydralazine, were unsuccessful, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid, was another epigenetic agent found to increase ear hole closure. In addition, we identified a pro-regenerative activity of 4-ketoretinoic acid, a retinoic acid metabolite. Attempts to counteract the regenerative effects of the demethylating agent zebularine, with folates as methyl donors, failed. Surprisingly, a high dose of methionine, another methyl donor, promoted ear hole closure. Moreover, we showed that the regenerated areas of ear pinna were supplied with nerve fibre networks and blood vessels. The ear punch model proved helpful in testing the pro-regenerative activities of small-molecule compounds and observations of peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sosnowski
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.S.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (R.P.); (J.K.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Piotr Sass
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.S.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (R.P.); (J.K.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Paulina Słonimska
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.S.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (R.P.); (J.K.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Rafał Płatek
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.S.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (R.P.); (J.K.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Jolanta Kamińska
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.S.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (R.P.); (J.K.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Jakub Baczyński Keller
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.S.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (R.P.); (J.K.); (J.B.K.)
| | - Piotr Mucha
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Peszyńska-Sularz
- Tri-City University Animal House—Research Service Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Artur Czupryn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | | | - Piotr Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.S.); (P.S.); (P.S.); (R.P.); (J.K.); (J.B.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Pípal M, Novák J, Rafajová A, Smutná M, Hilscherová K. Teratogenicity of retinoids detected in surface waters in zebrafish embryos and its predictability by in vitro assays. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 246:106151. [PMID: 35390581 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids are newly detected compounds in aquatic ecosystems associated with cyanobacterial water blooms. Their potential health risks are only scarcely described despite numerous detections of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its derivatives in the environment. Besides the known teratogen ATRA there is only little or no information about their potency and namely their effects in vivo. We characterize ATRA and 8 other retinoids reported to occur in the environment for their bioactivity and teratogenicity using four in vitro reporter gene assays and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryotoxicity assay. Our results document the ability of these compounds to interfere with retinoid signalling and cause teratogenicity at environmentally relevant levels with EC50 values at nM (hundreds of ng/L) levels and teratogenic indexes ranging from 2.8 (9cis retinoic acid) to 15.8 (retinal). The relative potency of individual compounds for teratogenicity ranged from 0.059 (retinal) to 0.96 (5,6-epoxy ATRA) when compared to ATRA. An environmentally relevant mixture of retinoids was tested showing good predictability of teratogenicity from the in vitro activities and additive toxicity of the mixture. The high teratogenicity of the newly described compounds associated with cyanobacteria presents a concern for developmental stages due to high conservation of the retinoid signalling across vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pípal
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rafajová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Kamenice, Brno 62500 , Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Liu W, Liu S, Li P, Yao K. Retinitis Pigmentosa: Progress in Molecular Pathology and Biotherapeutical Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094883. [PMID: 35563274 PMCID: PMC9101511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is genetically heterogeneous retinopathy caused by photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that eventually results in blindness in bilateral eyes. Various photoreceptor cell death types and pathological phenotypic changes that have been disclosed in RP demand in-depth research of its pathogenic mechanism that may account for inter-patient heterogeneous responses to mainstream drug treatment. As the primary method for studying the genetic characteristics of RP, molecular biology has been widely used in disease diagnosis and clinical trials. Current technology iterations, such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and optogenetics, are advancing towards precise diagnosis and clinical applications. Specifically, technologies, such as effective delivery vectors, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and iPSC-based cell transplantation, hasten the pace of personalized precision medicine in RP. The combination of conventional therapy and state-of-the-art medication is promising in revolutionizing RP treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of the latest research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of retinitis pigmentosa, aiming for a convenient reference of what has been achieved so far.
Collapse
|
88
|
de Hoog E, Spencer GE. Activity-dependent modulation of neuronal K V channels by retinoic acid enhances Ca V channel activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101959. [PMID: 35452677 PMCID: PMC9127218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), is known to affect synaptic plasticity in the nervous system and to play an important role in learning and memory. A ubiquitous mechanism by which neuronal plasticity develops in the nervous system is through modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) and voltage-gated K+ channels. However, how retinoids might regulate the activity of these channels has not been determined. Here, we show that RA modulates neuronal firing by inducing spike broadening and complex spiking in a dose-dependent manner in peptidergic and dopaminergic cell types. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we show that RA-induced complex spiking is activity dependent and involves enhanced inactivation of delayed rectifier voltage-gated K+ channels. The prolonged depolarizations observed during RA-modulated spiking lead to an increase in Ca2+ influx through CaV channels, though we also show an opposing effect of RA on the same neurons to inhibit Ca2+ influx. At physiological levels of Ca2+, this inhibition is specific to CaV2 (not CaV1) channels. Examining the interaction between the spike-modulating effects of RA and its inhibition of CaV channels, we found that inhibition of CaV2 channels limits the Ca2+ influx resulting from spike modulation. Our data thus provide novel evidence to suggest that retinoid signaling affects both delayed rectifier K+ channels and CaV channels to fine-tune Ca2+ influx through CaV2 channels. As these channels play important roles in synaptic function, we propose that these modulatory effects of retinoids likely contribute to synaptic plasticity in the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric de Hoog
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock's Way, St Catharines, Ontario. Canada. L2S 3A1
| | - Gaynor E Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock's Way, St Catharines, Ontario. Canada. L2S 3A1.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Cooper F, Gentsch GE, Mitter R, Bouissou C, Healy LE, Rodriguez AH, Smith JC, Bernardo AS. Rostrocaudal patterning and neural crest differentiation of human pre-neural spinal cord progenitors in vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:894-910. [PMID: 35334218 PMCID: PMC9023813 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord emerges from a niche of neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) formed and maintained by WNT/fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals at the posterior end of the embryo. NMPs can be generated from human pluripotent stem cells and hold promise for spinal cord replacement therapies. However, NMPs are transient, which compromises production of the full range of rostrocaudal spinal cord identities in vitro. Here we report the generation of NMP-derived pre-neural progenitors (PNPs) with stem cell-like self-renewal capacity. PNPs maintain pre-spinal cord identity for 7-10 passages, dividing to self-renew and to make neural crest progenitors, while gradually adopting a more posterior identity by activating colinear HOX gene expression. The HOX clock can be halted through GDF11-mediated signal inhibition to produce a PNP and NC population with a thoracic identity that can be maintained for up to 30 passages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fay Cooper
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - George E Gentsch
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics & Biostatistics Core Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Camille Bouissou
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lyn E Healy
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Unit, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ana Hernandez Rodriguez
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James C Smith
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andreia S Bernardo
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Nhieu J, Lin YL, Wei LN. CRABP1 in Non-Canonical Activities of Retinoic Acid in Health and Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071528. [PMID: 35406141 PMCID: PMC9003107 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the emerging role of Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) as a mediator of non-canonical activities of retinoic acid (RA) and relevance to human diseases. We first discuss the role of CRABP1 in regulating MAPK activities and its implication in stem cell proliferation, cancers, adipocyte health, and neuro-immune regulation. We then discuss an additional role of CRABP1 in regulating CaMKII activities, and its implication in heart and motor neuron diseases. Through molecular and genetic studies of Crabp1 knockout (CKO) mouse and culture models, it is established that CRABP1 forms complexes with specific signaling molecules to function as RA-regulated signalsomes in a cell context-dependent manner. Gene expression data and CRABP1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of human cancer, neurodegeneration, and immune disease patients implicate the potential association of abnormality in CRABP1 with human diseases. Finally, therapeutic strategies for managing certain human diseases by targeting CRABP1 are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Na Wei
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-6259-402
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Triple chemical derivatization strategy assisted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of retinoic acids in human serum. Talanta 2022; 245:123474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
92
|
Bos A, van Egmond M, Mebius R. The role of retinoic acid in the production of immunoglobulin A. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:562-572. [PMID: 35418672 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivative retinoic acid (RA) play important roles in the regulation of mucosal immunity. The effect of vitamin A metabolism on T lymphocyte immunity has been well documented, but its role in mucosal B lymphocyte regulation is less well described. Intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) is key in orchestrating a balanced gut microbiota composition. Here, we describe the contribution of RA to IgA class switching in tissues including the lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and isolated lymphoid follicles. RA can either indirectly skew T cells or directly affect B cell differentiation. IgA levels in healthy individuals are under the control of the metabolism of vitamin A, providing a steady supply of RA. However, IgA levels are altered in inflammatory bowel disease patients, making control of the metabolism of vitamin A a potential therapeutic target. Thus, dietary vitamin A is a key player in regulating IgA production within the intestine, acting via multiple immunological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Bos
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina Mebius
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Research Institute of Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Seow DY, Tay TK, Tan PH. FIBROEPITHELIAL LESIONS OF THE BREAST: A REVIEW OF RECURRING DIAGNOSTIC ISSUES. Semin Diagn Pathol 2022; 39:333-343. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
94
|
Adachi Y, Masuda M, Sakakibara I, Uchida T, Niida Y, Mori Y, Kamei Y, Okumura Y, Ohminami H, Ohnishi K, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Nikawa T, Taketani Y. All-trans retinoic acid changes muscle fiber type via increasing GADD34 dependent on MAPK signal. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101345. [PMID: 35318262 PMCID: PMC8960774 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ATRA increases GADD34 expression by decreasing the expression of Six1, which down-regulates the transcriptional activity with TLE3 and increasing mRNA stability through blocking the interaction between TTP and ARE on GADD34 mRNA, resulting in muscle fiber type change. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increases the sensitivity to unfolded protein response in differentiating leukemic blasts. The downstream transcriptional factor of PERK, a major arm of unfolded protein response, regulates muscle differentiation. However, the role of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), one of the downstream factors of PERK, and the effects of ATRA on GADD34 expression in muscle remain unclear. In this study, we identified ATRA increased the GADD34 expression independent of the PERK signal in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. ATRA up-regulated GADD34 expression through the transcriptional activation of GADD34 gene via inhibiting the interaction of homeobox Six1 and transcription co-repressor TLE3 with the MEF3-binding site on the GADD34 gene promoter in skeletal muscle. ATRA also inhibited the interaction of TTP, which induces mRNA degradation, with AU-rich element on GADD34 mRNA via p-38 MAPK, resulting in the instability of GADD34 mRNA. Overexpressed GADD34 in C2C12 cells changes the type of myosin heavy chain in myotubes. These results suggest ATRA increases GADD34 expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, which changes muscle fiber type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Adachi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchida
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Niida
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ohminami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Xu J, Gao J, Liu J, Huang X, Zhang H, Ma A, Ye J, Zhang X, Li Y, Yang G, Yin H, Khan R, Li T, Fan S, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Ma H, Shi Q. ZFP541 maintains the repression of pre-pachytene transcriptional programs and promotes male meiosis progression. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110540. [PMID: 35320728 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The DSB machinery, which induces the programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the leptotene and zygotene stages during meiosis, is suppressed before the onset of the pachytene stage. However, the biological significance and underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we report that ZFP541 is indispensable for the suppression of DSB formation after mid-pachytene. The deletion of Zfp541 in mice causes the aberrant recruitment of DSB machinery to chromosome axes and generation of massive DSBs in late pachytene and diplotene spermatocytes, leading to meiotic arrest at the diplotene stage. Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing data indicate that ZFP541 predominantly binds to promoters of pre-pachytene genes, including meiotic DSB formation-related genes (e.g., Prdm9 and Mei1) and their upstream activators (e.g., Meiosin and Rxra), and maintains their repression in pachytene spermatocytes. Our results reveal that ZFP541 functions as a transcriptional regulator in pachytene spermatocytes, orchestrating the transcriptome to ensure meiosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianze Xu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ao Ma
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jingwei Ye
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xingxia Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ranjha Khan
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tao Li
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Suixing Fan
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hanwei Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Hui Ma
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Amamoto R, Wallick GK, Cepko CL. Retinoic acid signaling mediates peripheral cone photoreceptor survival in a mouse model of retina degeneration. eLife 2022; 11:76389. [PMID: 35315776 PMCID: PMC8940176 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive, debilitating visual disorder caused by mutations in a diverse set of genes. In both humans with RP and mouse models of RP, rod photoreceptor dysfunction leads to loss of night vision, and is followed by secondary cone photoreceptor dysfunction and degeneration, leading to loss of daylight color vision. A strategy to prevent secondary cone death could provide a general RP therapy to preserve daylight color vision regardless of the underlying mutation. In mouse models of RP, cones in the peripheral retina survive long-term, despite complete rod loss. The mechanism for such peripheral cone survival had not been explored. Here, we found that active retinoic acid (RA) signaling in peripheral Muller glia is necessary for the abnormally long survival of these peripheral cones. RA depletion by conditional knockout of RA synthesis enzymes, or overexpression of an RA degradation enzyme, abrogated the extended survival of peripheral cones. Conversely, constitutive activation of RA signaling in the central retina promoted long-term cone survival. These results indicate that RA signaling mediates the prolonged peripheral cone survival in the rd1 mouse model of retinal degeneration, and provide a basis for a generic strategy for cone survival in the many diseases that lead to loss of cone-mediated vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Amamoto
- Department of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Grace K Wallick
- Department of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Constance L Cepko
- Department of Genetics and Ophthalmology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Bhattacharya I, Sharma P, Purohit S, Kothiyal S, Das M, Banerjee A. Recent Update on Retinoic Acid-Driven Initiation of Spermatogonial Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833759. [PMID: 35372365 PMCID: PMC8965804 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Germ cells (Gc) propagate the genetic information to subsequent generations. Diploid (2n) Gc get transformed to specialized haploid (n) gametes by mitotic and meiotic divisions in adult gonads. Retinoic acid (RA), an active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), plays a critical role in organ morphogenesis and regulates the meiotic onset in developing Gc. Unlike ovaries, fetal testes express an RA-degrading enzyme CYP26B1, and thereby, male Gc fail to enter into meiosis and instead get arrested at G0/G1 stage, termed as gonocytes/pro-spermatogonia by embryonic (E) 13.5 days. These gonocytes are transformed into spermatogonial stem/progenitor cells after birth (1–3 days of neonatal age). During post-natal testicular maturation, the differentiating spermatogonia enter into the meiotic prophase under the influence RA, independent of gonadotropic (both FSH and LH) support. The first pulse of RA ensures the transition of undifferentiated type A spermatogonia to differentiated A1 spermatogonia and upregulates STRA8 expression in Gc. Whereas, the second pulse of RA induces the meiotic prophase by augmenting MEIOSIN expression in differentiated spermatogonia B. This opinion article briefly reviews our current understanding on the RA-driven spermatogonial differentiation in murine testes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University, A Central University, Srinagar Campus, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Indrashis Bhattacharya, ; Arnab Banerjee,
| | - Partigya Sharma
- Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University, A Central University, Srinagar Campus, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shriya Purohit
- Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University, A Central University, Srinagar Campus, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sachin Kothiyal
- Department of Zoology, HNB Garhwal University, A Central University, Srinagar Campus, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Moitreyi Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KK Birla, Goa Campus, BITS Pilani, Zuarinagar, India
- *Correspondence: Indrashis Bhattacharya, ; Arnab Banerjee,
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Gur M, Bendelac-Kapon L, Shabtai Y, Pillemer G, Fainsod A. Reduced Retinoic Acid Signaling During Gastrulation Induces Developmental Microcephaly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:844619. [PMID: 35372345 PMCID: PMC8967241 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a central signaling molecule regulating multiple developmental decisions during embryogenesis. Excess RA induces head malformations, primarily by expansion of posterior brain structures at the expense of anterior head regions, i.e., hindbrain expansion. Despite this extensively studied RA teratogenic effect, a number of syndromes exhibiting microcephaly, such as DiGeorge, Vitamin A Deficiency, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and others, have been attributed to reduced RA signaling. This causative link suggests a requirement for RA signaling during normal head development in all these syndromes. To characterize this novel RA function, we studied the involvement of RA in the early events leading to head formation in Xenopus embryos. This effect was mapped to the earliest RA biosynthesis in the embryo within the gastrula Spemann-Mangold organizer. Head malformations were observed when reduced RA signaling was induced in the endogenous Spemann-Mangold organizer and in the ectopic organizer of twinned embryos. Two embryonic retinaldehyde dehydrogenases, ALDH1A2 (RALDH2) and ALDH1A3 (RALDH3) are initially expressed in the organizer and subsequently mark the trunk and the migrating leading edge mesendoderm, respectively. Gene-specific knockdowns and CRISPR/Cas9 targeting show that RALDH3 is a key enzyme involved in RA production required for head formation. These observations indicate that in addition to the teratogenic effect of excess RA on head development, RA signaling also has a positive and required regulatory role in the early formation of the head during gastrula stages. These results identify a novel RA activity that concurs with its proposed reduction in syndromes exhibiting microcephaly.
Collapse
|
99
|
AOP Key Event Relationship report: Linking decreased retinoic acid levels with disrupted meiosis in developing oocytes. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100069. [PMID: 35345548 PMCID: PMC8957012 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The first case study to develop and publish an individual KER as a stand-alone unit of information under the AOP framework overseen by the OECD. Full description of a KER linking decreased all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) levels in developing ovaries with disrupted meiotic entry of oogonia. KER described is associated with an intended AOP linking inhibition of the atRA producing ALDH1A enzymes with reduced fertility in women.
The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept is an emerging tool in regulatory toxicology that uses simplified descriptions to show cause-effect relationships between stressors and toxicity outcomes in intact organisms. The AOP structure is a modular framework, with Key Event Relationships (KERs) representing the unit of causal relationship based on existing knowledge, describing the connection between two Key Events. Because KERs are the only unit to support inference it has been argued recently that KERs should be recognized as the core building blocks of knowledge assembly within the AOP-Knowledge Base. Herein, we present a first case to support this proposal and provide a full description of a KER linking decreased all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) levels in developing ovaries with disrupted meiotic entry of oogonia. We outline the evidence to support a role for atRA in inducing meiosis in oogonia across mammals; this is important because elements of the RA synthesis/degradation pathway are recognized targets for numerous environmental chemicals. The KER we describe will be used to support an intended AOP linking inhibition of the atRA producing ALDH1A enzymes with reduced fertility in women.
Collapse
|
100
|
Li R, Liu B, Xu W, Yu L, Zhang C, Cheng J, Tao L, Li Z, Zhang Y. DNA damage and cell apoptosis induced by fungicide difenoconazole in mouse mononuclear macrophage RAW264.7. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:650-659. [PMID: 34877763 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DFC) is a typical triazole fungicide. Because of its effective bactericidal activity, it has been widely used in agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables. This study revealed the cytotoxic effect of fungicide DFC on mouse monocyte macrophage RAW264.7. The results showed that the IC50 value of DFC on RAW264.7 cells was 37.08 μM (24 h). DFC can significantly inhibit the viability of RAW264.7 cells, induce DNA damage and enhance apoptosis. The established cytotoxicity test showed that DFC-induced DNA double strand breaks in RAW264.7 cells. DFC-treated cells showed typical morphological changes of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation and nuclear lysis. In addition, DFC can induce the release of Cyt c, promote the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in RAW264.7 cells. Through this research, people further understand the toxicity of DFC and provide a more scientific basis for its safety application and risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Qingpu District Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lvnan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|