51
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Ivanov S, Filimonov D, Tarasova O. A computational analysis of transcriptional profiles from CD8(+) T lymphocytes reveals potential mechanisms of HIV/AIDS control and progression. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2447-2459. [PMID: 34025935 PMCID: PMC8113781 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic and noncytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte responses are essential for the control of HIV infection. Understanding the mechanisms underlying HIV control in elite controllers (ECs), which maintain undetectable viral load in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, may facilitate the development of new effective therapeutic strategies. We developed an original pipeline for an analysis of the transcriptional profiles of CD8+ cells from ECs, treated and untreated progressors. Hierarchical cluster analysis of CD8+ cells' transcription profiles allowed us to identify five distinct groups (EC groups 1-5) of ECs. The transcriptional profiles of EC group 1 were opposite to those of groups 2-4 and similar to those of the treated progressors, which can be associated with residual activation and dysfunction of CD8+ T-lymphocytes. The profiles of groups 2-4 were associated with different numbers of differentially expressed genes compared to healthy controls, but the corresponding genes shared the same cellular processes. These three groups were associated with increased metabolism, survival, proliferation, and the absence of an "exhausted" phenotype, compared to both untreated progressors and healthy controls. The CD8+ lymphocytes from these groups of ECs may contribute to the control under HIV replication and slower disease progression. The EC group 5 was indistinguishable from normal. Application of master regulator analysis allowed us to identify 22 receptors, including interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and androgen receptors, which may be responsible for the observed expression changes and the functional states of CD8+ cells from ECs. These receptors can be considered potential targets of therapeutic intervention, which may decelerate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ivanov
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Filimonov
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Tarasova
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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52
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Wu JWY, Dand S, Doig L, Papenfuss AT, Scott CL, Ho G, Ooi JD. T-Cell Receptor Therapy in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: A Mini Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672502. [PMID: 33927729 PMCID: PMC8076633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, in particularly high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS), are highly aggressive and deadly female cancers with limited treatment options. These tumors are generally unresponsive to immune check-point inhibitor (ICI) therapy and are referred to as immunologically “cold” tumors. Cell-based therapy, in particular, adoptive T-cell therapy, is an alternative immunotherapy option that has shown great potential, especially chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors has been modest. This review explores the potential of another cell-based therapy, T-cell receptor therapy (TCR-T) as an alternate treatment option for immunological “cold” OC and OCS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Y Wu
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudiksha Dand
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan Doig
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gwo Ho
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua D Ooi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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53
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Gil-Jaramillo N, Rocha AP, Raiol T, Motta FN, Favali C, Brigido MM, Bastos IMD, Santana JM. The First Contact of Human Dendritic Cells With Trypanosoma cruzi Reveals Response to Virus as an Unexplored Central Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638020. [PMID: 33897690 PMCID: PMC8062726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a debilitating and neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Soon after infection, interactions among T. cruzi and host innate immunity cells can drive/contribute to disease outcome. Dendritic cells (DCs), present in all tissues, are one of the first immune cells to interact with Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigotes. Elucidating the immunological events triggered immediately after parasite-human DCs encounter may aid in understanding the role of DCs in the establishment of infection and in the course of the disease. Therefore, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of a 12 h interaction between T. cruzi and MoDCs (monocyte-derived DCs) from three human donors. Enrichment analyses of the 468 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed viral infection response as the most regulated pathway. Additionally, exogenous antigen processing and presentation through MHC-I, chemokine signaling, lymphocyte co-stimulation, metallothioneins, and inflammasome activation were found up-regulated. Notable, we were able to identify the increased gene expression of alternative inflammasome sensors such as AIM2, IFI16, and RIG-I for the first time in a T. cruzi infection. Both transcript and protein expression levels suggest proinflammatory cytokine production during early T. cruzi-DCs contact. Our transcriptome data unveil antiviral pathways as an unexplored process during T. cruzi-DC initial interaction, disclosing a new panorama for the study of Chagas disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gil-Jaramillo
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira Rocha
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tainá Raiol
- Fiocruz Brasília–Gerência Regional de Brasília (GEREB), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nader Motta
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Cecília Favali
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Brigido
- Laboratório de Imunologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Izabela M. D. Bastos
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jaime M. Santana
- Laboratório de Interação Patógeno-Hospedeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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54
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Chaudhari S, Dey Pereira S, Asare-Warehene M, Naha R, Kabekkodu SP, Tsang BK, Satyamoorthy K. Comorbidities and inflammation associated with ovarian cancer and its influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:39. [PMID: 33632295 PMCID: PMC7906086 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide is a major public health concern. Cancer patients are considered a vulnerable population to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may develop several COVID-19 symptoms. The heightened immunocompromised state, prolonged chronic pro-inflammatory milieu coupled with comorbid conditions are shared in both disease conditions and may influence patient outcome. Although ovarian cancer (OC) and COVID-19 are diseases of entirely different primary organs, both diseases share similar molecular and cellular characteristics in their microenvironment suggesting a potential cooperativity leading to poor outcome. In COVID-19 related cases, hospitalizations and deaths worldwide are lower in women than in males; however, comorbidities associated with OC may increase the COVID-19 risk in women. The women at the age of 50-60 years are at greater risk of developing OC as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increased levels of gonadotropin and androgen, dysregulated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), hyper-coagulation and chronic inflammation are common conditions observed among OC and severe cases of COVID-19. The upregulation of common inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), among others in the sera of COVID-19 and OC subjects suggests potentially similar mechanism(s) involved in the hyper-inflammatory condition observed in both disease states. Thus, it is conceivable that the pathogenesis of OC may significantly contribute to the potential infection by SARS-CoV-2. Our understanding of the influence and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection on OC is at an early stage and in this article, we review the underlying pathogenesis presented by various comorbidities of OC and correlate their influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Chaudhari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Satyajit Dey Pereira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Meshach Asare-Warehene
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ritam Naha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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55
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El Costa H, Gouilly J, Abravanel F, Bahraoui E, Peron JM, Kamar N, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Izopet J. Effector memory CD8 T cell response elicits Hepatitis E Virus genotype 3 pathogenesis in the elderly. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009367. [PMID: 33617602 PMCID: PMC7932504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype 3 Hepatitis E virus (HEV-3) is an emerging threat for aging population. More than one third of older infected patients develops clinical symptoms with severe liver damage, while others remain asymptomatic. The origin of this discrepancy is still elusive although HEV-3 pathogenesis appears to be immune-mediated. Therefore, we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in the outcome of the infection in immunocompetent elderly subjects. We enrolled twenty two HEV-3-infected patients displaying similar viral determinants and fifteen healthy donors. Among the infected group, sixteen patients experienced clinical symptoms related to liver disease while six remained asymptomatic. Here we report that symptomatic infection is characterized by an expansion of highly activated effector memory CD8 T (EM) cells, regardless of antigen specificity. This robust activation is associated with key features of early T cell exhaustion including a loss in polyfunctional type-1 cytokine production and partial commitment to type-2 cells. In addition, we show that bystander activation of EM cells seems to be dependent on the inflammatory cytokines IL-15 and IL-18, and is supported by an upregulation of the activating receptor NKG2D and an exuberant expression of T-Bet and T-Bet-regulated genes including granzyme B and CXCR3. We also show that the inflammatory chemokines CXCL9-10 are increased in symptomatic patients thereby fostering the recruitment of highly cytotoxic EM cells into the liver in a CXCR3-dependent manner. Finally, we find that the EM-biased immune response returns to homeostasis following viral clearance and disease resolution, further linking the EM cells response to viral burden. Conversely, asymptomatic patients are endowed with low-to-moderate EM cell response. In summary, our findings define immune correlates that contribute to HEV-3 pathogenesis and emphasize the central role of EM cells in governing the outcome of the infection. The outcome of Genotype 3 Hepatitis E virus (HEV-3) infection differs among the elderly. Some patients develop severe forms of Hepatitis E while others remain asymptomatic. Nonetheless, parameters which can lead to severe versus silent infection are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated immunological features of CD8 T cells in infected patients (aged ≥55) with similar viral determinants but distinct clinical outcomes. We show that drastic phenotypic changes were specifically observed within the effector memory (EM) compartment. Compared to asymptomatic patients, symptomatic ones display a strong activation of both HEV-3-specific and -nonspecific EM CD8 T cells associated with qualitative and quantitative alterations in cytokine production. In addition, EM cells are endowed with high cytotoxic capacity and have the ability to rapidly migrate to the liver. Finally, we report that the inflammatory response to HEV-3 infection shape EM cell activation and function in symptomatic elderly patients. In summary, our results present the first report demonstrating that the nature and the magnitude of EM CD8 T cell response play an important role in the outcome of HEV-3 infection in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham El Costa
- Infinity—Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de référence HEV, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jordi Gouilly
- Infinity—Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Abravanel
- Infinity—Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de référence HEV, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Marie Peron
- Département de Gastroentérologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nassim Kamar
- Infinity—Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jacques Izopet
- Infinity—Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de référence HEV, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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56
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Rha MS, Kim AR, Shin EC. SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses in Patients with COVID-19 and Unexposed Individuals. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e2. [PMID: 33728095 PMCID: PMC7937509 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing pandemic disease. In the current review, we describe SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients. We also discuss the relationships between COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses and summarize recent reports regarding SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals. These T cells may be cross-reactive cells primed by previous infection with human common-cold coronaviruses. Finally, we outline SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in the context of vaccination. A better understanding of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses is needed to develop effective vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Rha
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - A Reum Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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57
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Usefulness of the New Hematological Parameter: Reactive Lymphocytes RE-LYMP with Flow Cytometry Markers of Inflammation in COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010082. [PMID: 33419040 PMCID: PMC7825305 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of patients with activation of the immune system which indicates the presence of infection is essential, especially in the times of the global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reactive lymphocytes (RE-LYMP) parameter in COVID-19 and to correlate it with activation lymphocytes markers by flow cytometry. The study group consisted of 40 patients: with COVID-19 infection (n = 20) and with others virus infections without COVID-19 (COVID-19(−) virus (n = 20)) and 20 healthy donors (HC). Blood count and flow cytometry were performed. The COVID-19(+) group had significantly lower RE-LYMP parameter than the COVID-19(−) virus group (5.45 vs. 11.05, p < 0.05). We observed higher proportion of plasmablasts in the COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups than HC (8.8 vs. 11.1 vs. 2.7, p < 0.05). In the COVID-19(+) there was a lower proportion of CD4+ CD38+ cells than in the other groups (significant differences between COVID-19(+) and COVID-19(−) virus groups). RE-LYMP correlated with activated T lymphocytes CD38+ and HLA-DR+ in the COVID-19(−) virus group, however in the COVID-19(+) group correlations with T lymphocytes CD25+ and CD45RO+ were observed. In summary the analysis of the RE-LYMP together with flow cytometric activation markers can be helpful in identifying and distinguishing patients with COVID-19(+) from other viruses and HC.
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58
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de Candia P, Prattichizzo F, Garavelli S, Matarese G. T Cells: Warriors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:18-30. [PMID: 33277181 PMCID: PMC7664351 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 is characterized by massive cytokine release and T cell loss. The exaggerated host immune response, incapable of viral clearance, instead aggravates respiratory distress, as well as cardiac, and/or damage to other organs. The mortality pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection, higher in older versus younger adults and almost absent in children, is possibly caused by the effects of age and pre-existing comorbidities on innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we speculate that the abnormal and excessive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection partly depends on T cell immunological memory, which is more pronounced in adults compared with children, and may significantly contribute to immunopathology and massive collateral damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silvia Garavelli
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy; Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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59
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Gregorova M, Morse D, Brignoli T, Steventon J, Hamilton F, Albur M, Arnold D, Thomas M, Halliday A, Baum H, Rice C, Avison MB, Davidson AD, Santopaolo M, Oliver E, Goenka A, Finn A, Wooldridge L, Amulic B, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Butler DK, McMurray C, Stockton J, Nicholls S, Cooper C, Loman N, Cox MJ, Rivino L, Massey RC. Post-acute COVID-19 associated with evidence of bystander T-cell activation and a recurring antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia. eLife 2020; 9:e63430. [PMID: 33331820 PMCID: PMC7775105 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the case of a COVID-19 patient who developed recurring ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that acquired increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in response to treatment. Metagenomic analysis revealed the AMR genotype, while immunological analysis revealed massive and escalating levels of T-cell activation. These were both SARS-CoV-2 and P. aeruginosa specific, and bystander activated, which may have contributed to this patient's persistent symptoms and radiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Gregorova
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel Morse
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Tarcisio Brignoli
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joseph Steventon
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Halliday
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Holly Baum
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher Rice
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Avison
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Bristol Veterinary School in the Faculty of Health SciencesBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David K Butler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire McMurray
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanna Stockton
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Nicholls
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Charles Cooper
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael J Cox
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Ruth C Massey
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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60
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Zhou T, Su TT, Mudianto T, Wang J. Immune asynchrony in COVID-19 pathogenesis and potential immunotherapies. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20200674. [PMID: 32910820 PMCID: PMC7481961 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented global health crisis. Tissue and peripheral blood analysis indicate profound, aberrant myeloid cell activation, cytokine storm, and lymphopenia, with unknown immunopathological mechanisms. Spatiotemporal control of the quality and quantity of the antiviral immune responses involves synchronized cellular and molecular cascades and cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulated responses in immunity, such as at the stages of immune sensing, alarming, polarization, and resolution, may contribute to disease pathology. Herein, we approach SARS-CoV-2 through an immunomodulatory lens, discussing possible mechanisms of the asynchronized antiviral immune response and proposing potential therapeutic strategies to correct the dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tina Tianjiao Su
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
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61
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Kang CK, Han GC, Kim M, Kim G, Shin HM, Song KH, Choe PG, Park WB, Kim ES, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Kim HR, Oh MD. Aberrant hyperactivation of cytotoxic T-cell as a potential determinant of COVID-19 severity. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 97:313-321. [PMID: 32492530 PMCID: PMC7261468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that immune response may contribute to progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) at the second week of illness. Therefore, we compared cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses between severe and mild COVID-19 cases. METHODS We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from their first and third weeks of illness. Severe pneumonia was defined as an oxygen saturation ≤93% at room air. Expressions of molecules related to T-cell activation and functions were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The population dynamics of T cells at the first week were not different between the two groups. However, total numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells tended to be lower in the severe group at the third week of illness. Expressions of Ki-67, PD-1, perforin, and granzyme B in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild group at the third week. In contrast to the mild group, the levels of their expression did not decrease in the severe group. CONCLUSIONS Severe COVID-19 had a higher degree of proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity of T-cells at the late phase of illness without cytotoxic T-cell contraction, which might contribute to the development of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Kyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Chan Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanghun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mu Shin
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoeng Gyun Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Yang H, Sung PS, Jung ES, Cho S, Bae SH, Kim DW. Nilotinib-Induced Immune-Mediated Liver Injury: Corticosteroid as a Possible Therapeutic Option. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1160. [PMID: 32754445 PMCID: PMC7367179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nilotinib is a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for chronic myeloid leukemia. We present a case of severe immune-mediated liver injury by nilotinib treatment. Case report: A 59-year-old woman was referred to the liver clinic because of elevated liver enzyme levels. One year prior, she was diagnosed as having chronic myeloid leukemia and treated with nilotinib therapy. The level of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were 578 IU/L and 499 IU/L, respectively. Percutaneous needle liver biopsy showed extensive centrilobular infiltration of immune cells and destruction of the lobular architecture with minimal inflammation in the portal triad. Immunohistochemical staining showed that many CD8+ T cells and CD56+ cells infiltrated the site of inflammation. Multicolor fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis revealed that a considerable number of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells showed an activated phenotype compared with the healthy control. She was diagnosed with nilotinib-induced, immune-mediated liver injury. Prednisolone treatment (30 mg daily) was started and caused rapid normalization of liver enzyme levels. Conclusion: Nilotinib can cause immune-mediated liver injury. The use of corticosteroid can be treatment option in immune-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,The Catholic University Liver Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Recent Advances in Antigen-Specific Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060333. [PMID: 32486045 PMCID: PMC7348736 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is considered to be the leading non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults. Current treatments for MS comprise long-term immunosuppressant drugs and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) designed to alter its progress with the enhanced risk of severe side effects. The Holy Grail for the treatment of MS is to specifically suppress the disease while at the same time allow the immune system to be functionally active against infectious diseases and malignancy. This could be achieved via the development of immunotherapies designed to specifically suppress immune responses to self-antigens (e.g., myelin antigens). The present study attempts to highlight the various antigen-specific immunotherapies developed so far for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (e.g., vaccination with myelin-derived peptides/proteins, plasmid DNA encoding myelin epitopes, tolerogenic dendritic cells pulsed with encephalitogenic epitopes of myelin proteins, attenuated autologous T cells specific for myelin antigens, T cell receptor peptides, carriers loaded/conjugated with myelin immunodominant peptides, etc), focusing on the outcome of their recent preclinical and clinical evaluation, and to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 50% of men reporting to clinics for assisted reproduction have abnormal sperm parameters; we therefore considered whether they differ from fertile males in terms of the frequency of KIR and HLA-C genes, suggesting the involvement of NK cells and some T cells in the inflammatory reaction that can occur in the testes, vas deferens, or epididymis. METHOD We tested a total of 1064 men: 445 of them were patients who, together with their female partners, participated in in vitro fertilization (IVF), 298 men whose female partners suffered from recurrent spontaneous abortion. Three hundred twenty-one fertile men constituted the control group. KIRs were genotyped using KIR Ready Gene kits and HLA-C by PCR-SSP methods. RESULTS We found differences in KIR gene frequencies between men who became fathers via natural conception and men who participated in in vitro fertilization for KIR2DL2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0015/0.035, OR = 1.61), KIR2DL5 gr.2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0023/0.05, OR = 1.64), KIR2DS2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0019/0.044, OR = 1.59), and KIR2DS3 (p/pcorr. = 0.0016/0.037, OR = 1.67). KIRs in Cen AA region were significantly overrepresented in fertile males than in IVF males (p/pcorr. = 0.0076/0.03, OR = 0.67), whereas Cen AB + Cen BB frequency was higher in IVF males than in fertile males (p/pcorr. = 0.0076/0.03, OR = 1.50). We also observed a limited association in KIR-HLA-C combinations. CONCLUSION Fertile men differ in profile of KIR genes and KIR-HLA-C combinations from men participating in IVF.
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Abstract
The immune system is central to our interactions with the world in which we live and importantly dictates our response to potential allergens, toxins, and pathogens to which we are constantly exposed. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie protective host immune responses against microbial pathogens is vital for the development of improved treatment and vaccination strategies against infections. To that end, inherited immunodeficiencies that manifest with susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and/or fungal infections have provided fundamental insights into the indispensable contribution of key immune pathways in host defense against various pathogens. In this mini-review, we summarize the findings from a series of recent publications in which inherited immunodeficiencies have helped illuminate the interplay of human immunity and resistance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Constantine
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
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