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Kopecka J, Salaroglio IC, Perez-Ruiz E, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Saponara S, De Las Rivas J, Riganti C. Hypoxia as a driver of resistance to immunotherapy. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 59:100787. [PMID: 34840068 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a hallmark of solid tumors, determines the selection of invasive and aggressive malignant clones displaying resistance to radiotherapy, conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapy. The recent introduction of immunotherapy, based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, has markedly transformed the prognosis in some tumors but also revealed the existence of intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. In the current review we highlight hypoxia as a culprit of immunotherapy failure. Indeed, multiple metabolic cross talks between tumor and stromal cells determine the prevalence of immunosuppressive populations within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and confer upon tumor cells resistance to ICPIs and CAR T-cells. Notably, hypoxia-triggered angiogenesis causes immunosuppression, adding another piece to the puzzle of hypoxia-induced immunoresistance. If these factors concurrently contribute to the resistance to immunotherapy, they also unveil an unexpected Achille's heel of hypoxic tumors, providing the basis for innovative combination therapies that may rescue the efficacy of ICPIs and CAR T-cells. Although these treatments reveal both a bright side and a dark side in terms of efficacy and safety in clinical trials, they represent the future solution to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy against hypoxic and therapy-resistant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Perez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology and University Clinic of Hematology and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research - Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (iCBR/CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB) and Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Cancer Research Center (CiC-IBMCC, CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University of Salamanca (USAL), and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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52
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Discovery of novel ID2 antagonists from pharmacophore-based virtual screening as potential therapeutics for glioma. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 49:116427. [PMID: 34600240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioma, especially the most aggressive type glioblastoma multiforme, is a malignant cancer of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis. Traditional treatments are mainly surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which is still far from satisfactory. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to find new therapeutic agents. Serving as an inhibitor of differentiation, protein ID2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2) plays an important role in neurogenesis, neovascularization and malignant development of gliomas. It has been shown that ID2 affects the malignant progression of gliomas through different mechanisms. In this study, a pharmacophore-based virtual screening was carried out and 16 hit compounds were purchased for pharmacological evaluations on their ID2 inhibitory activities. Based on the cytotoxicity of these small-molecule compounds, two compounds were shown to effectively inhibit the viability of glioma cells in the micromolar range. Among them, AK-778-XXMU was chosen for further study due to its better solubility in water. A SPR (Surface Plasma Resonance) assay proved the high affinity between AK-778-XXMU and ID2 protein with the KD value as 129 nM. The plausible binding mode of ID2 was studied by molecular docking and it was found to match AGX51 very well in the same binding site. Subsequently, the cancer-suppressing potency of the compound was characterized both in vitro and in vivo. The data demonstrated that compound AK-778-XXMU is a potent ID2 antagonist which has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent against glioma.
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Zhao S, Zhou L, Dicker DT, Lev A, Zhang S, Ross E, El-Deiry WS. Anti-cancer efficacy including Rb-deficient tumors and VHL-independent HIF1α proteasomal destabilization by dual targeting of CDK1 or CDK4/6 and HSP90. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20871. [PMID: 34686682 PMCID: PMC8536770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevalent characteristic of solid tumors is intra-tumoral hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) predominantly mediates the adaptive response to O2 oscillation and is linked to multiple malignant hallmarks. Here we describe a strategy to robustly target HIF1α by dual inhibition of CDK(s) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). We show that CDK1 may contribute to HSP90-mediated HIF1α stabilization. CDK1 knockdown enhances the decrease of HIF1α by HSP90 inhibition. Dual inhibition of CDK1 and HSP90 significantly increases apoptosis and synergistically inhibits cancer cell viability. Similarly, targeting CDK4/6 using FDA-approved inhibitors in combination with HSP90 inhibition shows a class effect on HIF1α inhibition and cancer cell viability suppression not only in colorectal but also in various other cancer types, including Rb-deficient cancer cells. Dual inhibition of CDK4/6 and HSP90 suppresses tumor growth in vivo. In summary, combined targeting of CDK(s) (CDK1 or CDK4/6) and HSP90 remarkably inhibits the expression level of HIF1α and shows promising anti-cancer efficacy with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Avital Lev
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA.,Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric Ross
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA. .,Cancer Center at Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Hematology/Oncology Division, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA.
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The Impact of Hypoxia in Early Pregnancy on Placental Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189675. [PMID: 34575844 PMCID: PMC8466283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant, with severe hypoxic conditions present during the first trimester. This hypoxic phase overlaps with the most critical stages of placental development, i.e., blastocyst implantation, cytotrophoblast invasion, and spiral artery remodeling initiation. Dysregulation of any of these steps in early gestation can result in pregnancy loss and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hypoxia has been shown to regulate not only the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and progenitor cells, but also the recruitment, phenotype, and function of maternal immune cells. In this review, we will summarize how oxygen levels in early placental development determine the survival, fate, and function of several important cell types, e.g., trophoblast stem cells, extravillous trophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, uterine natural killer cells, Hofbauer cells, and decidual macrophages. We will also discuss the cellular mechanisms used to cope with low oxygen tensions, such as the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, regulation of the metabolic pathway, and adaptation to autophagy. Understanding the beneficial roles of hypoxia in early placental development will provide insights into the root cause(s) of some pregnancy disorders, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
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55
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Biology and pathology of the uterine microenvironment and its natural killer cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2101-2113. [PMID: 34426671 PMCID: PMC8429689 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues are the new frontier of discoveries in immunology. Cells of the immune system are an integral part of tissue physiology and immunity. Determining how immune cells inhabit, housekeep, and defend gut, lung, brain, liver, uterus, and other organs helps revealing the intimate details of tissue physiology and may offer new therapeutic targets to treat pathologies. The uterine microenvironment modulates the development and function of innate lymphoid cells [ILC, largely represented by natural killer (NK) cells], macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells. These immune cells, in turn, contribute to tissue homeostasis. Regulated by ovarian hormones, the human uterine mucosa (endometrium) undergoes ~400 monthly cycles of breakdown and regeneration from menarche to menopause, with its fibroblasts, glands, blood vessels, and immune cells remodeling the tissue into the transient decidua. Even more transformative changes occur upon blastocyst implantation. Before the placenta is formed, the endometrial glands feed the embryo by histiotrophic nutrition while the uterine spiral arteries are stripped of their endothelial layer and smooth muscle actin. This arterial remodeling is carried out by invading fetal trophoblast and maternal immune cells, chiefly uterine NK (uNK) cells, which also assist fetal growth. The transformed arteries no longer respond to maternal stimuli and meet the increasing demands of the growing fetus. This review focuses on how the everchanging uterine microenvironment affects uNK cells and how uNK cells regulate homeostasis of the decidua, placenta development, and fetal growth. Determining these pathways will help understand the causes of major pregnancy complications.
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56
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Victorino F, Bigley TM, Park E, Yao CH, Benoit J, Yang LP, Piersma SJ, Lauron EJ, Davidson RM, Patti GJ, Yokoyama WM. HIF1α is required for NK cell metabolic adaptation during virus infection. eLife 2021; 10:e68484. [PMID: 34396954 PMCID: PMC8382296 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for early protection against virus infection and must metabolically adapt to the energy demands of activation. Here, we found upregulation of the metabolic adaptor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) is a feature of mouse NK cells during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in vivo. HIF1α-deficient NK cells failed to control viral load, causing increased morbidity. No defects were found in effector functions of HIF1αKO NK cells; however, their numbers were significantly reduced. Loss of HIF1α did not affect NK cell proliferation during in vivo infection and in vitro cytokine stimulation. Instead, we found that HIF1α-deficient NK cells showed increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim and glucose metabolism was impaired during cytokine stimulation in vitro. Similarly, during MCMV infection HIF1α-deficient NK cells upregulated Bim and had increased caspase activity. Thus, NK cells require HIF1α-dependent metabolic functions to repress Bim expression and sustain cell numbers for an optimal virus response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Victorino
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Tarin M Bigley
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Eugene Park
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Cong-Hui Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Washington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Jeanne Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish HealthDenverUnited States
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Sytse J Piersma
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Elvin J Lauron
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Rebecca M Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish HealthDenverUnited States
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Washington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
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57
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NK cells in hypoxic skin mediate a trade-off between wound healing and antibacterial defence. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4700. [PMID: 34349124 PMCID: PMC8338923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During skin injury, immune response and repair mechanisms have to be coordinated for rapid skin regeneration and the prevention of microbial infections. Natural Killer (NK) cells infiltrate hypoxic skin lesions and Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) mediate adaptation to low oxygen. We demonstrate that mice lacking the Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α isoform in NK cells show impaired release of the cytokines Interferon (IFN)-γ and Granulocyte Macrophage - Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as part of a blunted immune response. This accelerates skin angiogenesis and wound healing. Despite rapid wound closure, bactericidal activity and the ability to restrict systemic bacterial infection are impaired. Conversely, forced activation of the HIF pathway supports cytokine release and NK cell-mediated antibacterial defence including direct killing of bacteria by NK cells despite delayed wound closure. Our results identify, HIF-1α in NK cells as a nexus that balances antimicrobial defence versus global repair in the skin.
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58
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Fachi JL, Pral LP, Dos Santos JAC, Codo AC, de Oliveira S, Felipe JS, Zambom FFF, Câmara NOS, Vieira PMMM, Colonna M, Vinolo MAR. Hypoxia enhances ILC3 responses through HIF-1α-dependent mechanism. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:828-841. [PMID: 33446906 PMCID: PMC8221997 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) have a prominent role in the maintenance of intestine mucosa homeostasis. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important modulator of immune cell activation and a key mechanism for cellular adaptation to oxygen deprivation. However, its role on ILC3 is not well known. In this study, we investigated how a hypoxic environment modulates ILC3 response and the subsequent participation of HIF-1 signaling in this process. We found increased proliferation and activation of intestinal ILC3 at low oxygen levels, a response that was phenocopied when HIF-1α was chemically stabilized and was reversed when HIF-1 was blocked. The increased activation of ILC3 relied on a HIF-1α-dependent transcriptional program, but not on mTOR-signaling or a switch to glycolysis. HIF-1α deficiency in RORyt compartment resulted in impaired IL-17 and IL-22 production by ILC3 in vivo, which reflected in a lower expression of their target genes in the intestinal epithelium and an increased susceptibility to Clostridiodes difficile infection. Taken together, our results show that HIF-1α activation in intestinal ILC3 is relevant for their functions in steady state and infectious conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - L P Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J A C Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - A C Codo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - S de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J S Felipe
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - F F F Zambom
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N O S Câmara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P M M M Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbolities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - M Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - M A R Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, Campinas, Brazil.
- Obesity and Comorbolities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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59
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Angiogenic Properties of NK Cells in Cancer and Other Angiogenesis-Dependent Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071621. [PMID: 34209508 PMCID: PMC8303392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of many serious diseases, including cancer, is closely related to disturbances in the angiogenesis process. Angiogenesis is essential for the progression of tumor growth and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has immunosuppressive properties, which contribute to tumor expansion and angiogenesis. Similarly, the uterine microenvironment (UME) exerts a tolerogenic (immunosuppressive) and proangiogenic effect on its cells, promoting implantation and development of the embryo and placenta. In the TME and UME natural killer (NK) cells, which otherwise are capable of killing target cells autonomously, enter a state of reduced cytotoxicity or anergy. Both TME and UME are rich with factors (e.g., TGF-β, glycodelin, hypoxia), which support a conversion of NK cells to the low/non-cytotoxic, proangiogenic CD56brightCD16low phenotype. It is plausible that the phenomenon of acquiring proangiogenic and low cytotoxic features by NK cells is not only limited to cancer but is a common feature of different angiogenesis-dependent diseases (ADDs). In this review, we will discuss the role of NK cells in angiogenesis disturbances associated with cancer and other selected ADDs. Expanding the knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for angiogenesis and its disorders contributes to a better understanding of ADDs and may have therapeutic implications.
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60
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Ma Z, Wang LZ, Cheng JT, Lam WST, Ma X, Xiang X, Wong ALA, Goh BC, Gong Q, Sethi G, Wang L. Targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1-Mediated Metastasis for Cancer Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1484-1497. [PMID: 33198508 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hypoxia is emerging as a crucial regulator of the tumor microenvironment; it governs the metastatic potential of multiple primary cancers. It is also potentially involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, tumor metabolism, and proangiogenic activity. Recent Advances: A wealth of clinical data across a wide range of cancer types has revealed strong correlations between hypoxia or the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and the rates of distant metastases and poor prognoses. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, one of the key regulatory molecules of the HIF-1 signaling pathways, is involved in multiple crucial steps in the metastatic cascade. Critical Issues: Here, we present recent findings on the roles of the HIF-1 complex in tumor metastasis and highlight the potential of HIF-1α as a target for abrogating tumor metastasis. Moreover, we systematically describe the regulatory role of HIF-1 at each step of the metastatic cascade. Finally, we present the most recent advances in potential pharmacological interventions and the development of specific HIF-1 inhibitors for blocking tumor metastasis. Future Directions: Well-designed clinical trials are urgently needed to validate the anti-metastatic activity of HIF-1 inhibitors discovered in preclinical models. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1484-1497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowu Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, China
| | - Louis Zizhao Wang
- SingHealth Internal Medicine Residency Programme, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun-Ting Cheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, China
| | - Walter Sze Tung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Nanhuan Road, Jingzhou, China
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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61
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Zou T, Lu W, Mezhuev Y, Lan M, Li L, Liu F, Cai T, Wu X, Cai Y. A review of nanoparticle drug delivery systems responsive to endogenous breast cancer microenvironment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:30-43. [PMID: 34098073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as a malignant disease that seriously threatens women's health, urgently needs to be researched to develop effective and safe therapeutic drugs. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems (NDDS), provide a powerful means for drug targeting to the breast cancer, enhancing the bioavailability and reducing the adverse effects of anticancer drug. However, the breast cancer microenvironment together with heterogeneity of cancer, impedes the tumor targeting effect of NDDS. Breast cancer microenvironment, exerts endogenous stimuli, such as hypoxia, acidosis, and aberrant protease expression, shape a natural shelter for tumor growth, invasion and migration. On the basis of the ubiquitous of endogenous stimuli in the breast cancer microenvironment, researchers exploited them to design the stimuli-responsive NDDS, which response to endogenous stimulus, targeted release drug in breast cancer microenvironment. In this review, we highlighted the effect of the breast cancer microenvironment, summarized innovative NDDS responsive to the internal stimuli in the tumor microenvironment, including the material, the targeting groups, the loading drugs, targeting position and the function of stimuli-responsive nanoparticle drug delivery system. The limitations and potential applications of the stimuli-responsive nanoparticle drug delivery systems for breast cancer treatment were discussed to further the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Wenping Lu
- Guang an'men Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yaroslav Mezhuev
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Meng Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lihong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Tiange Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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62
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Choi C, Finlay DK. Optimising NK cell metabolism to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:320. [PMID: 34090499 PMCID: PMC8180160 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has ushered in an exciting new era for cancer treatment. The recent discovery and success of immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell adoptive cell transfer has raised interest in using other immune cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells, which might overcome some limitations with CAR T cell therapy. In this review article, we discuss the evidence that cellular metabolism is crucial for NK cell effector function. Additionally, potential strategies to optimise the metabolism of therapeutic NK cells for improved function within the metabolically adverse tumour microenvironment will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Choi
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David K Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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63
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Geindreau M, Ghiringhelli F, Bruchard M. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, a Key Modulator of the Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4871. [PMID: 34064508 PMCID: PMC8124522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor growth, angiogenesis is required to ensure oxygen and nutrient transport to the tumor. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the major inducer of angiogenesis and appears to be a key modulator of the anti-tumor immune response. Indeed, VEGF modulates innate and adaptive immune responses through direct interactions and indirectly by modulating protein expressions on endothelial cells or vascular permeability. The inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway is clinically approved for the treatment of several cancers. Therapies targeting VEGF can modulate the tumor vasculature and the immune response. In this review, we discuss the roles of VEGF in the anti-tumor immune response. In addition, we summarize therapeutic strategies based on its inhibition, and their clinical approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannon Geindreau
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France;
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mélanie Bruchard
- Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France;
- Team “CAdIR”, CRI INSERM UMR1231 “Lipids, Nutrition and Cancer”, 21000 Dijon, France
- LipSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France;
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, 21000 Dijon, France
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64
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Lim SA, Moon Y, Shin MH, Kim TJ, Chae S, Yee C, Hwang D, Park H, Lee KM. Hypoxia-Driven HIF-1α Activation Reprograms Pre-Activated NK Cells towards Highly Potent Effector Phenotypes via ERK/STAT3 Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081904. [PMID: 33920906 PMCID: PMC8071270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In patients with advanced cancer, hypoxic stress shapes NK cells toward tumor-resistant and immunosuppressive phenotypes. Therefore, a strategy to restore NK cell function within hypoxia would be crucial for successful tumor immunotherapy. By manipulating pO2 exposure to naïve vs. pre-activated NK cells, we found that HIF-1α-dependent metabolic reprogramming of NK cells is the key to overcoming hypoxia-mediated NK cell impairment. Exposure of pre-activated NK cells to hypoxia with 1.5% pO2 initiated metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and reduction of p21/p53-dependent apoptotic pathways, with concomitant upregulation of cell cycle-promoting genes and downregulation of cell cycle-arrest genes via HIF-1a/ERK/STAT3 activation. Furthermore, upregulation of NKp44 activating receptor in hypoxia-exposed pre-activated NK cells elevated cytotoxicity of K562, CEM, and A375 tumor cells, in both in-vitro and in-vivo tumor-clearance assays. Therefore, HIF-1α-mediated metabolic reprogramming of NK cells could reverse their impaired phenotype, generating functionally robust NK cells for adoptive therapy and clinical evaluation. Abstract NK cells are the predominant innate lymphocyte subsets specialized to kill malignant tumor cells. In patients with advanced cancer, hypoxic stress shapes NK cells toward tumor-resistant and immunosuppressive phenotypes, hence a strategy to restore NK function is critical for successful tumor immunotherapy. Here, we present evidence that pre-activation and subsequent HIF-1α-dependent metabolic shift of NK cells from oxidative phosphorylation into glycolysis are keys to overcome hypoxia-mediated impairment in NK cell survival, proliferation, and tumor cytotoxicity. Specifically, exposing NK cells to 7–9 days of normoxic culture followed by a pO2 of 1.5% hypoxia led to a highly potent effector phenotype via HIF-1α stabilization and upregulation of its target genes, BNIP3, PDK1, VEGF, PKM2, and LDHA. RNA sequencing and network analyses revealed that concomitant reduction of p21/p53 apoptotic pathways along with upregulation of cell cycle-promoting genes, CCNE1, CDC6, CDC20, and downregulation of cell cycle-arrest genes, CDKN1A, GADD45A, and MDM2 were accountable for superior expansion of NK cells via ERK/STAT3 activation. Furthermore, HIF-1α-dependent upregulation of the NKp44 receptor in hypoxia-exposed NK cells resulted in increased killing against K562, CEM, and A375 tumor targets both in-vitro and in-vivo tumor clearance assays. Therefore, hypoxic exposure on pre-activated proliferating NK cells triggered HIF-1α-dependent pathways to initiate coordinated regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity at the global gene transcription level. Our results uncover a previously unidentified role of HIF-1α-mediated metabolic reprogramming that can reverse impaired NK effector phenotypes to generate requisite numbers of functionally robust NK cells for adoptive cellular therapy for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.A.L.); (M.H.S.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Yunwon Moon
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea;
| | - Min Hwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.A.L.); (M.H.S.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.A.L.); (M.H.S.); (T.-J.K.)
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Korea Brain Bank, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea;
| | - Cassian Yee
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Hyunsung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (K.-M.L.); Tel.: +82-2-6490-2670 (H.P.); +82-2-920-6251 (K-M.L.)
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.A.L.); (M.H.S.); (T.-J.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Correspondence: (H.P.); (K.-M.L.); Tel.: +82-2-6490-2670 (H.P.); +82-2-920-6251 (K-M.L.)
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65
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Nakamura K, Smyth MJ. Natural Killers out of Thin Air. Immunity 2021; 52:895-897. [PMID: 32553176 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms controlling natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment remain unknown. In this issue, Ni. et al. provide evidence that the transcription factor HIF-1α acts as a key negative regulator of NK cell metabolic fitness in the tumor microenvironment that critically impedes NK cell anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nakamura
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006 QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006 QLD, Australia.
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66
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Chen Y, Gaber T. Hypoxia/HIF Modulates Immune Responses. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030260. [PMID: 33808042 PMCID: PMC8000289 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen availability varies throughout the human body in health and disease. Under physiological conditions, oxygen availability drops from the lungs over the blood stream towards the different tissues into the cells and the mitochondrial cavities leading to physiological low oxygen conditions or physiological hypoxia in all organs including primary lymphoid organs. Moreover, immune cells travel throughout the body searching for damaged cells and foreign antigens facing a variety of oxygen levels. Consequently, physiological hypoxia impacts immune cell function finally controlling innate and adaptive immune response mainly by transcriptional regulation via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Under pathophysiological conditions such as found in inflammation, injury, infection, ischemia and cancer, severe hypoxia can alter immune cells leading to dysfunctional immune response finally leading to tissue damage, cancer progression and autoimmunity. Here we summarize the effects of physiological and pathophysiological hypoxia on innate and adaptive immune activity, we provide an overview on the control of immune response by cellular hypoxia-induced pathways with focus on the role of HIFs and discuss the opportunity to target hypoxia-sensitive pathways for the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513364
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67
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Talty R, Olino K. Metabolism of Innate Immune Cells in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040904. [PMID: 33670082 PMCID: PMC7927092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Both cancer cells and immune cells depend on specific metabolic programs for their survival and function. Depending on which metabolic changes occur, immune cells can either promote or suppress the antitumor immune response. This review summarizes the metabolic pathways that polarize innate immune cells for immune activation or suppression and describes the current clinical applications of these findings. Abstract Cancer cells possess specific metabolic requirements for their survival, proliferation, and progression. Within a shared microenvironment, immune cells depend on competing metabolic pathways for their development and effector function. As a result, local acidification, hypoxia, and nutrient depletion in the tumor microenvironment can alter the antitumor immune response and even promote resistance to immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer. Although T cells are the primary effectors of the antitumor response, growing evidence demonstrates that innate immune cells are critical to successful tumor clearance. This review aims to summarize current research related to the innate immune system, metabolism, and cancer. We first discuss the specific metabolic requirements of innate immune cells for immune activation and suppression and conclude by highlighting ongoing clinical applications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence:
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68
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Tang Y, Jiang M, Jiang HM, Ye ZJ, Huang YS, Li XS, Qin BY, Zhou RS, Pan HF, Zheng DY. The Roles of circRNAs in Liver Cancer Immunity. Front Oncol 2021; 10:598464. [PMID: 33614486 PMCID: PMC7890029 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.598464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable covalently closed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Many studies indicate that circRNAs are involved in the pathological and physiological processes of liver cancer. However, the functions of circRNAs in liver cancer immunity are less known. In this review, we summarized the functions of circRNAs in liver cancer, including proliferative, metastasis and apoptosis, liver cancer stemness, cell cycle, immune evasion, glycolysis, angiogenesis, drug resistance/sensitizer, and senescence. Immune escape is considered to be one of the hallmarks of cancer development, and circRNA participates in the immune escape of liver cancer cells by regulating natural killer (NK) cell function. CircRNAs may provide new ideas for immunotherapy in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Mei Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Jie Ye
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Shen Li
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Yu Qin
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Tumor, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Feng Pan
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Yong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatology, TCM-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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69
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Weng CY, Kao CX, Chang TS, Huang YH. Immuno-Metabolism: The Role of Cancer Niche in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1258. [PMID: 33514004 PMCID: PMC7865434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in treating cancer has revolutionized the approach to eradicate cancer cells by reactivating immune responses. However, only a subset of patients benefits from this treatment; the majority remains unresponsive or develops resistance to ICI therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic machinery in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a role in the development of ICI resistance. Within the TME, nutrients and oxygen are scarce, forcing immune cells to undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to harsh conditions. Cancer-induced metabolic deregulation in immune cells can attenuate their anti-cancer properties, but can also increase their immunosuppressive properties. Therefore, targeting metabolic pathways of immune cells in the TME may strengthen the efficacy of ICIs and prevent ICI resistance. In this review, we discuss the interactions of immune cells and metabolic alterations in the TME. We also discuss current therapies targeting cellular metabolism in combination with ICIs for the treatment of cancer, and provide possible mechanisms behind the cellular metabolic rewiring that may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yuan Weng
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Xiang Kao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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70
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Dou Y, Jiang D. [Research Progress of Small Molecule Anti-angiogenic Drugs
in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 24:56-62. [PMID: 33478192 PMCID: PMC7849040 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.102.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
肺癌是世界上发病率最高的癌症之一,且尚无二线进展后的标准治疗方案,而肿瘤血管生成目前已被确定为恶性肿瘤的重要治疗靶点,小分子多靶点血管激酶抑制剂可通过抑制血管生成相关信号通路,抑制肿瘤血管的生成。目前已开展多项小分子抗血管生成药物治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床试验,且已有部分血管内皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, VEGFR-TKIs)获批治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌,本文基于国内外多项小分子抗血管生成药物治疗非小细胞肺癌的发展现状,归纳了多个VEGFR-TKIs及成纤维细胞生长因子受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor, FGFR)-TKI单药或联合[包括分别与化疗、表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)-TKIs、免疫治疗、放疗等联合)]治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效与安全性研究,同时探讨了VEGFR-TKIs可能存在的耐药机制及疗效预测指标等,并对未来抗血管治疗非小细胞肺癌的发展趋势以及存在的潜在问题进行展望,同时为肺癌后续的精准治疗及个体化治疗提供新的思路。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dou
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
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71
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Riggan L, Shah S, O’Sullivan TE. Arrested development: suppression of NK cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1238. [PMID: 33456775 PMCID: PMC7797224 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes that protect against viral infection and tumor metastasis. Despite their inherent ability to kill a broad range of virally infected, stressed and transformed cells, low numbers of dysfunctional NK cells are often observed in many advanced solid human cancers. Here, we review the potential mechanisms that influence suboptimal mature NK cell recruitment and function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. We further highlight current immunotherapy approaches aimed to circumvent NK cell dysfunction and discuss next-generation strategies to enhance adoptive NK cell therapy through targeting intrinsic and extrinsic checkpoints the regulate NK cell functionality in the TME. Understanding the mechanisms that drive NK cell dysfunction in the TME will lead to novel immunotherapeutic approaches in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Riggan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Molecular Biology InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Siya Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Timothy E O’Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Molecular Biology InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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Wang B, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zheng Z, Liu S, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. Targeting hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment: a potential strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:24. [PMID: 33422072 PMCID: PMC7796640 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), significant progress has been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Despite the long-lasting outcomes in responders, the majority of patients with cancer still do not benefit from this revolutionary therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that one of the major barriers limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy seems to coalesce with the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), which is an intrinsic property of all solid tumors. In addition to its impact on shaping tumor invasion and metastasis, the hypoxic TME plays an essential role in inducing immune suppression and resistance though fostering diverse changes in stromal cell biology. Therefore, targeting hypoxia may provide a means to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, the potential impact of hypoxia within the TME, in terms of key immune cell populations, and the contribution to immune suppression are discussed. In addition, we outline how hypoxia can be manipulated to tailor the immune response and provide a promising combinational therapeutic strategy to improve immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Liang J, Gu W, Jin J, Zhang H, Chen Z, Tang Y, Zhang S, Yang S, Deng Y, Feng W. Efficacy and safety of apatinib as third- or further-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC: a retrospective study. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 12:1758835920968472. [PMID: 33403012 PMCID: PMC7745562 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920968472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apatinib, an oral small-molecule angiogenesis inhibitor, selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decreases tumour growth and metastasis. Recently, the efficacy of multi-target angiogenic drugs has been demonstrated for many cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of apatinib in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 70 patients with advanced NSCLC who received second-line and later treatment from November 2015 to July 2017 with poor results. Out of the 70 patients, 36 patients received apatinib treatment after second-line or later treatment, whereas 34 patients in the control group did not receive further treatment. The patients were treated with oral apatinib 500 mg once a day every day for 4 weeks per cycle. Treatment was continued in responding and stable patients until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and side effects of the drug were recorded and reviewed. Results ORR, DCR, PFS, and OS were evaluated in 36 patients receiving apatinib and 34 patients in the control group. The ORR and DCR in patients receiving apatinib therapy were 22.2% and 77.8%, respectively. The median PFS and OS in the treatment group were 5.6 and 9.6 months, respectively. The median OS in the apatinib group was significantly longer than that in the control group (9.6 versus 3.8 months; p < 0.0001). In contrast, there were no differences in adverse reactions between the patients in the treatment and control groups. Conclusion Apatinib showed favourable efficacy and safety and can thus be used as a treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmiao Liang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiguang Gu
- Oncology Department, Nanhai People's Hospital/The Second School of Clinical Medical, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Province Hospital of Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zecheng Chen
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicong Tang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunda Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanming Deng
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weineng Feng
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 81, North Lingnan Avenue, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528041, China
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吴 奇, 刘 培, 杨 翠, 陈 勇. [A Review of High-altitude Hypoxia Adaptation and Hypoxic Solid Tumor]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:50-56. [PMID: 33474889 PMCID: PMC10408956 DOI: 10.12182/20210160504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the Cambrian explosion was a major life evolution event caused by changes of natural environmental oxygen concentration. The use of oxygen was part of the basic survival instinct of higher life, which evolved a complex regulation system in response to variant levels of oxygen concentration. Hypoxia is one of the typical environmental characteristics in plateau areas. After long-term natural selection in hypoxic conditions, numerous species living in plateau areas have evolved unique mechanisms adapted to hypoxia. Recent studies have found that there are some similarities in adaptation to hypoxia between the animals in highland and different types of human solid tumor cells. Herein, we will summarize recent findings about the hypoxia adaptation evolution in high-altitude animals and the characteristics of hypoxic solid tumors, especially the reactive oxygen species responses in hypoxic solid tumors. We believe that deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in hypoxia adaptation in highland will facilitate the identification of new genes or biomarkers critical for research on hypoxic solid tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- 奇胜 吴
- 昆明理工大学医学院 (昆明 650500)Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 培燊 刘
- 昆明理工大学医学院 (昆明 650500)Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 翠萍 杨
- 昆明理工大学医学院 (昆明 650500)Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 勇彬 陈
- 昆明理工大学医学院 (昆明 650500)Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- 中国科学院昆明动物研究所 (昆明 650223)Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
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75
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Multidimensional molecular controls defining NK/ILC1 identity in cancers. Semin Immunol 2020; 52:101424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Domagala J, Lachota M, Klopotowska M, Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Domagala A, Zhylko A, Soroczynska K, Winiarska M. The Tumor Microenvironment-A Metabolic Obstacle to NK Cells' Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123542. [PMID: 33260925 PMCID: PMC7761432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells have unique capabilities of recognition and destruction of tumor cells, without the requirement for prior immunization of the host. Maintaining tolerance to healthy cells makes them an attractive therapeutic tool for almost all types of cancer. Unfortunately, metabolic changes associated with malignant transformation and tumor progression lead to immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment, which in turn limits the efficacy of various immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a brief description of the metabolic changes characteristic for the tumor microenvironment. Both tumor and tumor-associated cells produce and secrete factors that directly or indirectly prevent NK cell cytotoxicity. Here, we depict the molecular mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of immune effector cells by metabolic factors. Finally, we summarize the strategies to enhance NK cell function for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Lachota
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Marta Klopotowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (M.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Antoni Domagala
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, 25-317 Kielce, Poland;
- Department of Urology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Andriy Zhylko
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Soroczynska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Winiarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (A.G.-J.); (A.Z.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-225-992-199
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77
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Chen LY, Wang L, Ren YX, Pang Z, Liu Y, Sun XD, Tu J, Zhi Z, Qin Y, Sun LN, Li JM. The circular RNA circ-ERBIN promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer by miR-125a-5p and miR-138-5p/4EBP-1 mediated cap-independent HIF-1α translation. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:164. [PMID: 33225938 PMCID: PMC7682012 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNAs) and hypoxia have been found to play the key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the expressions and functions of the specific circRNAs in regulating hypoxia-involved CRC metastasis, and the circRNAs that are relevant to regulate HIF-1α levels in CRC remain elusive. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circRNAs and mRNA in CRC cells and tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the location of circ-ERBIN. Function-based experiments were performed using circ-ERBIN overexpression and knockdown cell lines in vitro and in vivo, including CCK8, colony formation, EdU assay, transwell, tumor growth and metastasis models. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay, western blots and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Results Circ-Erbin was highly expressed in the CRC cells and Circ-Erbin overexpression facilitated the proliferation, migration and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Notably, circ-Erbin overexpression significantly promoted angiogenesis by increasing the expression of hypoxia induced factor (HIF-1α) in CRC. Mechanistically, circ-Erbin accelerated a cap-independent protein translation of HIF-1α in CRC cells as the sponges of miR-125a-5p and miR-138-5p, which synergistically targeted eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(4EBP-1). Conclusions Our findings uncover a key mechanism for circ-Erbin mediated HIF-1α activation by miR-125a-5p-5p/miR-138-5p/4EBP-1 axis and circ-ERBIN is a potential target for CRC treatment. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12943-020-01272-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Xiang Ren
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 4th People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214062, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Xie F, Bai Y, Yang X, Long J, Mao J, Lin J, Wang D, Song Y, Xun Z, Huang H, Yang X, Zhang L, Mao Y, Sang X, Zhao H. Comprehensive analysis of tumour mutation burden and the immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107135. [PMID: 33189609 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumour mutation burden (TMB) and the immune microenvironment (IME) are reportedly associated with immunotherapy responses, but this relationship remains unclear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We classified HCC patients in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas into low- and high-TMB groups and evaluated differences in immune infiltrates. Additionally, differentially expressed genes in the low- and high-TMB groups were identified, and functional analyses were conducted. A risk score model was constructed based on three differentially expressed immune genes (DEIGs). The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database was utilized to analyse how the IME was affected by the three hub DEIGs. Finally, a prognostic nomogram combining risk scores and stages was established and externally validated with the International Cancer Genome Consortium and GSE14520 cohorts. High-TMB (top 20%) patients exhibited a worse prognosis (P = 0.017). Follicular helper cells (P = 0.001) and activated natural killer cells (P = 0.003) were enriched in high-TMB patients, while resting dendritic cells (P = 0.002) were enriched in low-TMB samples. A risk score model was generated with three hub DEIGs (CCR7, STC2 and S100A9) to predict overall survival in HCC cohorts. Moreover, copy number variations mainly reduced infiltration levels. The nomogram performed better than the risk score model in the training and validation datasets. Higher TMB was associated with IME diversification and worse prognosis in HCC. Mutations in three hub TMB-associated DEIGs correlated with lower immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucun Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi Bai
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinzhu Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianzhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ziyu Xun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanchan Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100730, China.
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Chu Y, Nayyar G, Kham Su N, Rosenblum JM, Soon-Shiong P, Lee J, Safrit JT, Barth M, Lee D, Cairo MS. Novel cytokine-antibody fusion protein, N-820, to enhance the functions of ex vivo expanded natural killer cells against Burkitt lymphoma. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001238. [PMID: 33109629 PMCID: PMC7592258 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with relapsed or progressive B cell (CD20+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL), including Burkitt lymphoma (BL), is dismal due to chemoradiotherapy resistance. Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. N-820 is a fusion protein of N-803 (formerly known as ALT-803) to four single-chains of rituximab. This agent has tri-specific binding activity to CD20 and enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. METHODS We investigated the anti-tumor combinatorial effects of N-820 with ex vivo expanded peripheral blood natural killer (exPBNK) cells against rituximab-sensitive and rituximab-resistant CD20+ BL in vitro using cytoxicity assays and in vivo using human BL xenografted NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (NSG) mice. We also investigated the cytokines/chemokines/growth factors released using ELISA and multiplex assay. Gene expression changes were examined using real-time PCR arrays. RESULTS N-820 significantly enhanced the expression of NK activating receptors (p<0.001) and the proliferation of exPBNK cells with enhanced Ki67 expression and Stat5 phosphorylation (p<0.001). N-820 significantly enhanced the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors including GM-CSF, RANTES, MIP-1B (p<0.001) from exPBNK cells as compared with the combination of rituximab+N-803. Importantly, N-820 significantly enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity (p<0.001) of exPBNK with enhanced granzyme B and IFN-γ release (p<0.001) against BL. Gene expression profiles in exPBNK stimulated by N-820+Raji-2R showed enhanced transcription of CXCL9, CXCL1, CSF2, CSF3, GZMB, and IFNG. Moreover, N-820 combined with exPBNK significantly inhibited rituximab-resistant BL growth (p<0.05) and extended the survival (p<0.05) of BL xenografted NSG mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the rationale for the development of a clinical trial of N-820 alone or in combination with endogenous or ex vivo expanded NK cells in patients with CD20+ B-NHL failing prior rituximab containing chemoimmunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Gaurav Nayyar
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Nang Kham Su
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jeremy M Rosenblum
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | | | - John Lee
- ImmunityBio, Inc, Culver City, California, USA
| | | | - Matthew Barth
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Dean Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders, Abigail Wexner Research Institute of Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA .,Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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80
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Hypoxia Regulates Lymphoid Development of Human Hematopoietic Progenitors. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2307-2320.e6. [PMID: 31747603 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a major role in the physiology of hematopoietic and immune niches. Important clues from works in mouse have paved the way to investigate the role of low O2 levels in hematopoiesis. However, whether hypoxia impacts the initial steps of human lymphopoiesis remains unexplored. Here, we show that hypoxia regulates cellular and metabolic profiles of umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells. Hypoxia more specifically enhances in vitro lymphoid differentiation potentials of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) and pro-T/natural killer (NK) cells and in vivo B cell potential of LMPPs. In accordance, hypoxia exacerbates the lymphoid gene expression profile through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α (for LMPPs) and HIF-2α (for pro-T/NK). Moreover, loss of HIF-1/2α expression seriously impedes NK and B cell production from LMPPs and pro-T/NK. Our study describes how hypoxia contributes to the lymphoid development of human progenitors and reveals the implication of the HIF pathway in LMPPs and pro-T/NK-cell lymphoid identities.
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81
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Hawke LG, Whitford MKM, Ormiston ML. The Production of Pro-angiogenic VEGF-A Isoforms by Hypoxic Human NK Cells Is Independent of Their TGF-β-Mediated Conversion to an ILC1-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1903. [PMID: 32983113 PMCID: PMC7477355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to adopt a type 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1)-like phenotype in response to TGF-β and secrete VEGF-A when exposed to hypoxia. Although these changes are often considered to be linked attributes of tissue residency, it has yet to be determined if TGF-β and hypoxia work in concert to coordinate NK cellular phenotype and angiogenic potential. Examination of human circulating NK cells treated with TGF-β demonstrated heterogeneity in their potential to adopt an ILC1-like phenotype, as indicated by the upregulation of CD9 and CD103 on only a subset of cells in culture. Culturing NK cells in chronic hypoxia did not induce a similar ILC1-like conversion and did not enhance the degree of conversion for cells exposed to TGF-β. Similarly, hypoxic culture of circulating NK cells induced VEGF-A secretion, but this production was not enhanced by TGF-β. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization flow cytometry demonstrated that hypoxia-induced VEGF-A production was uniform across all NK cells in culture and was not a selective feature of the cellular subset that adopted an ILC1-like phenotype in response to TGF-β. Examination of VEGF-A isoforms demonstrated that hypoxia induces the production of pro-angiogenic VEGF-A isoforms, including VEGF-A165 and VEGF-A121, and does not stimulate any meaningful production of anti-angiogenic isoforms, such as VEGF-Ab transcriptional variants or VEGF-Ax. In summary, TGF-β-mediated ILC1-like conversion and hypoxia-induced VEGF-A production are discrete processes in NK cells and are not part of a linked cellular program associated with tissue residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G Hawke
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mara K M Whitford
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mark L Ormiston
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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82
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Hypoxia and HIF Signaling: One Axis with Divergent Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165611. [PMID: 32764403 PMCID: PMC7460602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct concentration of oxygen in all tissues is a hallmark of cellular wellness, and the negative regulation of oxygen homeostasis is able to affect the cells and tissues of the whole organism. The cellular response to hypoxia is characterized by the activation of multiple genes involved in many biological processes. Among them, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) represents the master regulator of the hypoxia response. The active heterodimeric complex HIF α/β, binding to hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs), determines the induction of at least 100 target genes to restore tissue homeostasis. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that hypoxia signaling can act by generating contrasting responses in cells and tissues. Here, this dual and controversial role of hypoxia and the HIF signaling pathway is discussed, with particular reference to the effects induced on the complex activities of the immune system and on mechanisms determining cell and tissue responses after an injury in both acute and chronic human diseases related to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney.
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83
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Bald T, Krummel MF, Smyth MJ, Barry KC. The NK cell-cancer cycle: advances and new challenges in NK cell-based immunotherapies. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:835-847. [PMID: 32690952 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and contribute to protecting the host through killing of infected, foreign, stressed or transformed cells. Additionally, via cellular cross-talk, NK cells orchestrate antitumor immune responses. Hence, significant efforts have been undertaken to exploit the therapeutic properties of NK cells in cancer. Current strategies in preclinical and clinical development include adoptive transfer therapies, direct stimulation, recruitment of NK cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), blockade of inhibitory receptors that limit NK cell functions, and therapeutic modulation of the TME to enhance antitumor NK cell function. In this Review, we introduce the NK cell-cancer cycle to highlight recent advances in NK cell biology and to discuss the progress and problems of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bald
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, ImmunoX Initiative, and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology of Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kevin C Barry
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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84
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Tian H, Zhu X, Lv Y, Jiao Y, Wang G. Glucometabolic Reprogramming in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment: Cause and Effect. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5957-5974. [PMID: 32765096 PMCID: PMC7381782 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s258196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a tumor that exhibits glucometabolic reprogramming, with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Usually, HCC is not discovered until an advanced stage. Sorafenib is almost the only drug that is effective at treating advanced HCC, and promising metabolism-related therapeutic targets of HCC are urgently needed. The “Warburg effect” illustrates that tumor cells tend to choose aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which is closely related to the features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The HCC microenvironment consists of hypoxia, acidosis and immune suppression, and contributes to tumor glycolysis. In turn, the glycolysis of the tumor aggravates hypoxia, acidosis and immune suppression, and leads to tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis. In 2017, a mechanism underlying the effects of gluconeogenesis on inhibiting glycolysis and blockading HCC progression was proposed. Treating HCC by increasing gluconeogenesis has attracted increasing attention from scientists, but few articles have summarized it. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms associated with the TME, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and the current treatments for HCC. We believe that a treatment combination of sorafenib with TME improvement and/or anti-Warburg therapies will set the trend of advanced HCC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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85
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Wang J, Matosevic S. Functional and metabolic targeting of natural killer cells to solid tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:577-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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86
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Tumor-Infiltrating NK Cells Reveals that Inhibition of Transcription Factor HIF-1α Unleashes NK Cell Activity. Immunity 2020; 52:1075-1087.e8. [PMID: 32445619 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing immune cell functions in tumors remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and cells adapt by upregulating the transcription factor HIF-1α. Here, we defined the transcriptional landscape of mouse tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells by using single-cell RNA sequencing. Conditional deletion of Hif1a in NK cells resulted in reduced tumor growth, elevated expression of activation markers, effector molecules, and an enriched NF-κB pathway in tumor-infiltrating NK cells. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) from myeloid cells was required for NF-κB activation and the enhanced anti-tumor activity of Hif1a-/- NK cells. Extended culture with an HIF-1α inhibitor increased human NK cell responses. Low HIF1A expression was associated with high expression of IFNG in human tumor-infiltrating NK cells, and an enriched NK-IL18-IFNG signature in solid tumors correlated with increased overall patient survival. Thus, inhibition of HIF-1α unleashes NK cell anti-tumor activity and could be exploited for cancer therapy.
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87
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Wu Y, Li J, Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Shen J, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ji H, Du F, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yin J, Wen Q, Cho CH, Li M, Xiao Z. Natural killer cells as a double-edged sword in cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive review from cytokine therapy to adoptive cell immunotherapy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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88
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Vito A, El-Sayes N, Mossman K. Hypoxia-Driven Immune Escape in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2020; 9:E992. [PMID: 32316260 PMCID: PMC7227025 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem comprised of many different cell types, abnormal vasculature and immunosuppressive cytokines. The irregular growth kinetics with which tumors grow leads to increased oxygen consumption and, in turn, hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia has been associated with poor clinical outcome, increased tumor heterogeneity, emergence of resistant clones and evasion of immune detection. Additionally, hypoxia-driven cell death pathways have traditionally been thought of as tolerogenic processes. However, as researchers working in the field of immunotherapy continue to investigate and unveil new types of immunogenic cell death (ICD), it has become clear that, in some instances, hypoxia may actually induce ICD within a tumor. In this review, we will discuss hypoxia-driven immune escape that drives poor prognostic outcomes, the ability of hypoxia to induce ICD and potential therapeutic targets amongst hypoxia pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Vito
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.V.); (N.E.-S.)
| | - Nader El-Sayes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.V.); (N.E.-S.)
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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89
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Juengpanich S, Topatana W, Lu C, Staiculescu D, Li S, Cao J, Lin J, Hu J, Chen M, Chen J, Cai X. Role of cellular, molecular and tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: Possible targets and future directions in the regorafenib era. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1778-1792. [PMID: 32162677 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains as one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality, despite the recent development of new therapeutic options. Regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, is the first systemic therapy that has a survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC that have a poor response to sorafenib. Even though regorafenib has been approved by the FDA, the clinical trial for regorafenib treatment does not show significant improvement in overall survival. The impaired efficacy of regorafenib caused by various resistance mechanisms, including epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, inflammation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, oxidative stress, fibrosis and autophagy, still needs to be resolved. In this review, we provide insight on regorafenib microenvironmental, molecular and cellular mechanisms and interactions in HCC treatment. The aim of this review is to help physicians select patients that would obtain the maximal benefits from regorafenib in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarun Juengpanich
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Win Topatana
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Staiculescu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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90
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Mechanisms of Resistance to NK Cell Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040893. [PMID: 32272610 PMCID: PMC7226138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently been a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells are suitable targets for immunotherapy owing to their potent cytotoxic activity that may target cancer cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and antigen-unrestricted manner. Current therapies targeting NK cells include monoclonal antibodies that promote NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the adoptive transfer of NK cells, the redirection of NK cells using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells and the use of cytokines and immunostimulatory drugs to boost the anti-tumor activity of NK cells. Despite some encouraging clinical results, patients receiving these therapies frequently develop resistance, and a myriad of mechanisms of resistance affecting both the immune system and cancer cells have been reported. A first contributing factor that modulates the efficacy of the NK cell therapy is the genetic profile of the individual, which regulates all aspects of NK cell biology. Additionally, the resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis and the immunoediting of cancer cells, a process that decreases their immunogenicity and promotes immunosuppression, are major determinants of the resistance to NK cell therapy. Consequently, the efficacy of NK cell anti-tumor therapy is specific to each patient and disease. The elucidation of such immunosubversive mechanisms is crucial to developing new procedures and therapeutic strategies to fully harness the anti-tumor potential of NK cells.
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91
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New advances in antiangiogenic combination therapeutic strategies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:631-645. [PMID: 32065262 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor growth relies on the sufficient blood supply and continuously requires new blood vessels to maintain, which lead to vascular abnormalities (Folkman, N Engl J Med 285:1182-1186, 1971). Antiangiogenic therapy has emerged with the goal of normalizing vasculature and tumor microenvironment (TME). Some antiangiogenic therapies combined with chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy have been approved for clinical application. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of antiangiogenic combination therapeutic strategies in advanced NSCLC. METHODS References of this review are searched through PubMed and EMBASE and the abstracts of cancer conferences. The ClinicalTrials.gov database was used for relative trials. RESULTS Based on different mechanisms, antiangiogenic agents can be divided into monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which mainly include bevacizumab and ramucirumab, and multi-target antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which include sunitinib, sorafenib, nintedanib, apatinib, anlotinib, fruquintinib, etc. In recent years, a number of large clinical studies have shown that antiangiogenic agents have conferred a significant overall survival (OS) benefit to patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More and more evidences confirm that the combination of antiangiogenic agents with chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy can improve the effect and prolong the survival of NSCLC patients. However, many problems about the application of antiangiogenic agents on advanced NSCLC patients still need to be explored. For example, the combination therapy of multi-target antiangiogenic agents is just beginning, and the biomarkers are not clear. CONCLUSIONS Antiangiogenic agents can achieve therapeutic benefit in advanced NSCLC patients and the combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy can lead to synergistic effect. However, exploring the best combination therapy and efficacy-related biomarkers needs further study.
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92
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Khan M, Arooj S, Wang H. NK Cell-Based Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. Front Immunol 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 32117298 PMCID: PMC7031489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, with an increasing number of therapeutic dimensions, is becoming an important mode of treatment for cancer patients. The inhibition of immune checkpoints, which are the source of immune escape for various cancers, is one such immunotherapeutic dimension. It has mainly been aimed at T cells in the past, but NK cells are a newly emerging target. Simultaneously, the number of checkpoints identified has been increasing in recent times. In addition to the classical NK cell receptors KIRs, LIRs, and NKG2A, several other immune checkpoints have also been shown to cause dysfunction of NK cells in various cancers and chronic infections. These checkpoints include the revolutionized CTLA-4, PD-1, and recently identified B7-H3, as well as LAG-3, TIGIT & CD96, TIM-3, and the most recently acknowledged checkpoint-members of the Siglecs family (Siglec-7/9), CD200 and CD47. An interesting dimension of immune checkpoints is their candidacy for dual-checkpoint inhibition, resulting in therapeutic synergism. Furthermore, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibition with other NK cell cytotoxicity restoration strategies could also strengthen its efficacy as an antitumor therapy. Here, we have undertaken a comprehensive review of the literature to date regarding NK cell-based immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sumbal Arooj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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93
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Ducimetière L, Vermeer M, Tugues S. The Interplay Between Innate Lymphoid Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2895. [PMID: 31921156 PMCID: PMC6923277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted roles of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC) have been widely interrogated in tumor immunity. Whereas, Natural Killer (NK) cells possess undisputable tumor-suppressive properties across multiple types of cancer, the other ILC family members can either promote or inhibit tumor growth depending on the environmental conditions. The differential effects of ILCs on tumor outcome have been attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity within the ILC family members. However, it is now becoming clear that ILCs responses are shaped by their dynamic crosstalk with the different components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we will give insights into the molecular and cellular players of the ILCs-TME interactions and we will discuss how we can use this knowledge to successfully harness the activity of ILCs for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ducimetière
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijne Vermeer
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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94
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Pan T, Zhou D, Shi Z, Qiu Y, Zhou G, Liu J, Yang Q, Cao L, Zhang J. Centromere protein U (CENPU) enhances angiogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of COX-2. Cancer Lett 2019; 482:102-111. [PMID: 31705927 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high vascularity, but anti-angiogenic therapies show poor efficacy. Centromere protein U (CENPU), a centromere component essential for mitosis, is associated with tumorigenesis in multiple cancers; however, little is known of its role in breast cancer. Here, we investigate its expression and function of promoting angiogenesis in TNBC. Immunohistochemical staining revealed high CENPU expression in TNBC tissue and high CENPU levels correlated significantly with poor distant metastasis-free and overall survival. Knockdown of CENPU in TNBC cells inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) production and significantly reduced tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. In a mouse xenograft model, CENPU knockdown reduced TNBC tumor growth concomitant with a reduction in CD31 + microvessel density. Mechanistic studies revealed that CENPU promoted angiogenesis by inhibiting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), leading to increased activation of the COX-2-p-ERK-HIF-1α-VEGFA signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role for CENPU in COX-2-mediated signaling for angiogenesis, and identify a role of CENPU in regulating angiogenesis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Pan
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhou
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhendong Shi
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yufan Qiu
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guanglin Zhou
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianxi Yang
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lixia Cao
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, China Tianjin Breast Cancer Prevention, Treatment and Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Ministry of Education, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, PR China.
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95
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Hosseini SH, Sharafkandi N, Seyfizadeh N, Hemmatzadeh M, Marofi F, Shomali N, Karimi M, Mohammadi H. Progression or suppression: Two sides of the innate lymphoid cells in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2739-2755. [PMID: 31680296 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as key players in innate immunity have been shown to be significantly associated with inflammation, lymphoid neogenesis, tissue remodeling, mucosal immunity and lately have been considered a remarkable nominee for either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting functions. This dual role of ILCs, which is driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors like plasticity of ILCs and the tumor microenvironment, respectively, has aroused interest in ILCs subsets in past decade. So far, numerous studies in the cancer field have revealed ILCs to be key players in the initiation, progression and inhibition of tumors, therefore providing valuable insights into therapeutic approaches to utilize the immune system against cancer. Herein, the most recent achievements regarding ILCs subsets including new classifications, their transcription factors, markers, cytokine release and mechanisms that led to either progression or inhibition of many tumors have been evaluated. Additionally, the available data regarding ILCs in most prevalent cancers and new therapeutic approaches are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haleh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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96
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Zheng X, Qian Y, Fu B, Jiao D, Jiang Y, Chen P, Shen Y, Zhang H, Sun R, Tian Z, Wei H. Mitochondrial fragmentation limits NK cell-based tumor immunosurveillance. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1656-1667. [PMID: 31636463 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have crucial roles in tumor surveillance. We found that tumor-infiltrating NK cells in human liver cancers had small, fragmented mitochondria in their cytoplasm, whereas liver NK cells outside tumors, as well as peripheral NK cells, had normal large, tubular mitochondria. This fragmentation was correlated with reduced cytotoxicity and NK cell loss, resulting in tumor evasion of NK cell-mediated surveillance, which predicted poor survival in patients with liver cancer. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment drove the sustained activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin-GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (mTOR-Drp1) in NK cells, resulting in excessive mitochondrial fission into fragments. Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation improved mitochondrial metabolism, survival and the antitumor capacity of NK cells. These data reveal a mechanism of immune escape that might be targetable and could invigorate NK cell-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zheng
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yeben Qian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binqing Fu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Defeng Jiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiqing Shen
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Haiming Wei
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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97
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Coulibaly A, Bettendorf A, Kostina E, Figueiredo AS, Velásquez SY, Bock HG, Thiel M, Lindner HA, Barbarossa MV. Interleukin-15 Signaling in HIF-1α Regulation in Natural Killer Cells, Insights Through Mathematical Models. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2401. [PMID: 31681292 PMCID: PMC6805776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the first line of host defense against infection and cancer. Cytokines, including interleukin-15 (IL-15), critically regulate NK cell activity, resulting in recognition and direct killing of transformed and infected target cells. NK cells have to adapt and respond in inflamed and often hypoxic areas. Cellular stabilization and accumulation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key mechanism of the cellular hypoxia response. At the same time, HIF-1α plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immunity. While the HIF-1α hydroxylation and degradation pathway has been recently described with the help of mathematical methods, less is known concerning the mechanistic mathematical description of processes regulating the levels of HIF-1α mRNA and protein. In this work we combine mathematical modeling with experimental laboratory analysis and examine the dynamic relationship between HIF-1α mRNA, HIF-1α protein, and IL-15-mediated upstream signaling events in NK cells from human blood. We propose a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations with positive and negative feedback loops for describing the complex interplay of HIF-1α regulators. The experimental design is optimized with the help of mathematical methods, and numerical optimization techniques yield reliable parameter estimates. The mathematical model allows for the investigation and prediction of HIF-1α stabilization under different inflammatory conditions and provides a better understanding of mechanisms mediating cellular enrichment of HIF-1α. Thanks to the combination of in vitro experimental data and in silico predictions we identified the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as central regulators of HIF-1α accumulation. We hypothesize that the regulatory pathway proposed here for NK cells can be extended to other types of immune cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the dynamic regulation of the HIF-1α pathway in immune cells is of central importance to the immune cell function and could be a promising strategy in the design of treatments for human inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coulibaly
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anja Bettendorf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Kostina
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Sofia Figueiredo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonia Y Velásquez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Bock
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Thiel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Holger A Lindner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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98
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Nishide S, Matsunaga S, Shiota M, Yamaguchi T, Kitajima S, Maekawa Y, Takeda N, Tomura M, Uchida J, Miura K, Nakatani T, Tomita S. Controlling the Phenotype of Tumor-Infiltrating Macrophages via the PHD-HIF Axis Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model. iScience 2019; 19:940-954. [PMID: 31518902 PMCID: PMC6742914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) polarizes tumor-infiltrating macrophages toward tumor support. Macrophage-abundant tumors are highly malignant and are the cause of poor prognosis and therapeutic resistance. In this study, we show that the prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor FG-4592 (FG) inhibits tumor growth of macrophage-abundant tumors and prolongs mouse survival. FG not only normalizes tumor vessels and improves tumor oxygenation but also directly affects macrophages and activates phagocytosis through the PHD-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) axis. Remarkably, FG can promote phagocytic ability of the Ly6Clo subset of tumor-infiltrating macrophages, leading to tumor growth inhibition. Moreover, Ly6Cneg macrophages contributed to blood vessel normalization. Using a malignant tumor mouse model, we characterized macrophage function and subsets. Altogether, our findings suggest that the PHD inhibitor can promote the anti-tumor potential of macrophages to improve cancer therapy. PHD inhibitor treatment inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival time of mice Regulating the PHD-HIF pathway can alter the tumor-infiltrating macrophage phenotype PHD inhibitor activates the tumor phagocytic ability of Ly6Clo macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Nishide
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiota
- Division of Research Support Platform, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shojiro Kitajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoichi Maekawa
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; Domain of Integrated Life Systems, Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michio Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nakatani
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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99
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Abstract
Immuno-oncology is an emerging field that has revolutionized cancer treatment. Most immunomodulatory strategies focus on enhancing T cell responses, but there has been a recent surge of interest in harnessing the relatively underexplored natural killer (NK) cell compartment for therapeutic interventions. NK cells show cytotoxic activity against diverse tumour cell types, and some of the clinical approaches originally developed to increase T cell cytotoxicity may also activate NK cells. Moreover, increasing numbers of studies have identified novel methods for increasing NK cell antitumour immunity and expanding NK cell populations ex vivo, thereby paving the way for a new generation of anticancer immunotherapies. The role of other innate lymphoid cells (group 1 innate lymphoid cell (ILC1), ILC2 and ILC3 subsets) in tumours is also being actively explored. This Review provides an overview of the field and summarizes current immunotherapeutic approaches for solid tumours and haematological malignancies.
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100
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Riera-Domingo C, Audigé A, Granja S, Cheng WC, Ho PC, Baltazar F, Stockmann C, Mazzone M. Immunity, Hypoxia, and Metabolism-the Ménage à Trois of Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy. Physiol Rev 2019; 100:1-102. [PMID: 31414610 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that metabolism is able to shape the immune response. Only recently we are gaining awareness that the metabolic crosstalk between different tumor compartments strongly contributes to the harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) and ultimately impairs immune cell fitness and effector functions. The major aims of this review are to provide an overview on the immune system in cancer; to position oxygen shortage and metabolic competition as the ground of a restrictive TME and as important players in the anti-tumor immune response; to define how immunotherapies affect hypoxia/oxygen delivery and the metabolic landscape of the tumor; and vice versa, how oxygen and metabolites within the TME impinge on the success of immunotherapies. By analyzing preclinical and clinical endeavors, we will discuss how a metabolic characterization of the TME can identify novel targets and signatures that could be exploited in combination with standard immunotherapies and can help to predict the benefit of new and traditional immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Riera-Domingo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Annette Audigé
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sara Granja
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Wan-Chen Cheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stockmann
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Ludwig Cancer Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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