51
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Jayan H, Pu H, Sun DW. Analyzing macromolecular composition of E. Coli O157:H7 using Raman-stable isotope probing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 276:121217. [PMID: 35427921 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dynamics of bacterial cells is needed for understanding the correlation between changes in environmental conditions and cell metabolic activity. In this study, Raman spectroscopy combined with deuterium labelling was used to analyze the metabolic activity of a single Escherichia coli O157:H7 cell. The incorporation of deuterium from heavy water into cellular biomolecules resulted in the formation of carbon-deuterium (CD) peaks in the Raman spectra, indicating the cell metabolic activity. The broad vibrational peaks corresponding to CD and CH peaks encompassed different specific shifts of macromolecules such as protein, lipids, and nucleic acid. The utilization of tryptophan and oleic acid by the cell as the sole carbon source led to changes in cell lipid composition, as indicated by new peaks in the second derivative spectra. Thus, the proposed method could semi-quantitatively determine total metabolic activity, macromolecule specific identification, and lipid and protein metabolism in a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heera Jayan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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52
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Abstract
As an emerging optical imaging modality, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy provides invaluable opportunities for chemical biology studies using its rich chemical information. Through rapid progress over the past decade, the development of Raman probes harnessing the chemical biology toolbox has proven to play a key role in advancing SRS microscopy and expanding biological applications. In this perspective, we first discuss the development of biorthogonal SRS imaging using small tagging of triple bonds or isotopes and highlight their unique advantages for metabolic pathway analysis and microbiology investigations. Potential opportunities for chemical biology studies integrating small tagging with SRS imaging are also proposed. We next summarize the current designs of highly sensitive and super-multiplexed SRS probes, as well as provide future directions and considerations for next-generation functional probe design. These rationally designed SRS probes are envisioned to bridge the gap between SRS microscopy and chemical biology research and should benefit their mutual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Du
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Haomin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Lu Wei
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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53
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Krishna R, Colak I. Advances in Biomedical Applications of Raman Microscopy and Data Processing: A Mini Review. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2094391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Ohm Janki Biotech Research Private Limited, India
| | - Ilhami Colak
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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54
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Ge X, Pereira FC, Mitteregger M, Berry D, Zhang M, Hausmann B, Zhang J, Schintlmeister A, Wagner M, Cheng JX. SRS-FISH: A high-throughput platform linking microbiome metabolism to identity at the single-cell level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203519119. [PMID: 35727976 PMCID: PMC9245642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203519119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in microbiome research in environmental and medical samples is to better understand functional properties of microbial community members at a single-cell level. Single-cell isotope probing has become a key tool for this purpose, but the current detection methods for determination of isotope incorporation into single cells do not allow high-throughput analyses. Here, we report on the development of an imaging-based approach termed stimulated Raman scattering-two-photon fluorescence in situ hybridization (SRS-FISH) for high-throughput metabolism and identity analyses of microbial communities with single-cell resolution. SRS-FISH offers an imaging speed of 10 to 100 ms per cell, which is two to three orders of magnitude faster than achievable by state-of-the-art methods. Using this technique, we delineated metabolic responses of 30,000 individual cells to various mucosal sugars in the human gut microbiome via incorporation of deuterium from heavy water as an activity marker. Application of SRS-FISH to investigate the utilization of host-derived nutrients by two major human gut microbiome taxa revealed that response to mucosal sugars tends to be dominated by Bacteroidales, with an unexpected finding that Clostridia can outperform Bacteroidales at foraging fucose. With high sensitivity and speed, SRS-FISH will enable researchers to probe the fine-scale temporal, spatial, and individual activity patterns of microbial cells in complex communities with unprecedented detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Ge
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Fátima C. Pereira
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mitteregger
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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55
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Hislop EW, Tipping WJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Prostate Cells Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Multivariate Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8899-8908. [PMID: 35699644 PMCID: PMC9244870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hyperspectral stimulated
Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a
powerful imaging modality for the analysis of biological systems.
Here, we report the application of k-means cluster
analysis (KMCA) of multi-wavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber
region of the Raman spectrum as a robust and reliable method for the
segmentation of cellular organelles based on the intrinsic SRS spectrum.
KMCA has been applied to the study of the endogenous lipid biochemistry
of prostate cancer and prostate healthy cell models, while the corresponding
SRS spectrum of the lipid droplet (LD) cluster enabled direct comparison
of their composition. The application of KMCA in visualizing the LD
content of prostate cell models following the inhibition of de novo
lipid synthesis (DNL) using the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor,
5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA), is demonstrated. This method
identified a reliance of prostate cancer cell models upon DNL for
metabolic requirements, with a significant reduction in the cellular
LD content after treatment with TOFA, which was not observed in normal
prostate cell models. SRS imaging combined with KMCA is a robust method
for investigating drug–cell interactions in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Hislop
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
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56
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Benson S, de Moliner F, Tipping W, Vendrell M. Miniaturized Chemical Tags for Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - William Tipping
- University of Strathclyde Centre for Molecular Nanometrology UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marc Vendrell
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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57
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In vivo detection of metabolic 2H-incorporation upon ingestion of 2H2O. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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58
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Mac KD, Qureshi MM, Na M, Chang S, Eom TJ, Je HS, Kim YR, Kwon HS, Chung E. Fast volumetric imaging with line-scan confocal microscopy by electrically tunable lens at resonant frequency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19152-19164. [PMID: 36221700 PMCID: PMC9363030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In microscopic imaging of biological tissues, particularly real-time visualization of neuronal activities, rapid acquisition of volumetric images poses a prominent challenge. Typically, two-dimensional (2D) microscopy can be devised into an imaging system with 3D capability using any varifocal lens. Despite the conceptual simplicity, such an upgrade yet requires additional, complicated device components and usually suffers from a reduced acquisition rate, which is critical to properly document rapid neurophysiological dynamics. In this study, we implemented an electrically tunable lens (ETL) in the line-scan confocal microscopy (LSCM), enabling the volumetric acquisition at the rate of 20 frames per second with a maximum volume of interest of 315 × 315 × 80 µm3. The axial extent of point-spread-function (PSF) was 17.6 ± 1.6 µm and 90.4 ± 2.1 µm with the ETL operating in either stationary or resonant mode, respectively, revealing significant depth axial penetration by the resonant mode ETL microscopy. We further demonstrated the utilities of the ETL system by volume imaging of both cleared mouse brain ex vivo samples and in vivo brains. The current study showed a successful application of resonant ETL for constructing a high-performance 3D axially scanning LSCM (asLSCM) system. Such advances in rapid volumetric imaging would significantly enhance our understanding of various dynamic biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuong Duy Mac
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Myeongsu Na
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joong Eom
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Color-modulated Extra-sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Shawn Je
- Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 8 College Road 169857, Singapore
- Advanced Bioimaging Center, Academia, Ngee Ann Kongsi Discovery Tower Level 10, 20 College Road, 169855, Singapore
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Photon Science Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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59
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Liu X, Shi L, Shi L, Wei M, Zhao Z, Min W. Towards Mapping Mouse Metabolic Tissue Atlas by Mid-Infrared Imaging with Heavy Water Labeling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105437. [PMID: 35319171 PMCID: PMC9131428 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metabolism is of great significance to decipher various physiological and pathogenic processes. While great progress has been made to profile gene expression, how to capture organ-, tissue-, and cell-type-specific metabolic profile (i.e., metabolic tissue atlas) in complex mammalian systems is lagging behind, largely owing to the lack of metabolic imaging tools with high resolution and high throughput. Here, the authors applied mid-infrared imaging coupled with heavy water (D2 O) metabolic labeling to a scope of mouse organs and tissues. The premise is that, as D2 O participates in the biosynthesis of various macromolecules, the resulting broad C-D vibrational spectrum should interrogate a wide range of metabolic pathways. Applying multivariate analysis to the C-D spectrum, the authors successfully identified both inter-organ and intra-tissue metabolic signatures of mice. A large-scale metabolic atlas map between different organs from the same mice is thus generated. Moreover, leveraging the power of unsupervised clustering methods, spatially-resolved metabolic signatures of brain tissues are discovered, revealing tissue and cell-type specific metabolic profile in situ. As a demonstration of this technique, the authors captured metabolic changes during brain development and characterized intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity of glioblastoma. Altogether, the integrated platform paves a way to map the metabolic tissue atlas for complex mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Liu
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Lixue Shi
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Mian Wei
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Zhilun Zhao
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of ChemistryColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
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60
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Oh S, Lee C, Yang W, Li A, Mukherjee A, Basan M, Ran C, Yin W, Tabin CJ, Fu D, Xie XS, Kirschner MW. Protein and lipid mass concentration measurement in tissues by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117938119. [PMID: 35452314 PMCID: PMC9169924 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117938119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mass and chemical composition are important aggregate cellular properties that are especially relevant to physiological processes, such as growth control and tissue homeostasis. Despite their importance, it has been difficult to measure these features quantitatively at the individual cell level in intact tissue. Here, we introduce normalized Raman imaging (NoRI), a stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy method that provides the local concentrations of protein, lipid, and water from live or fixed tissue samples with high spatial resolution. Using NoRI, we demonstrate that protein, lipid, and water concentrations at the single cell are maintained in a tight range in cells under the same physiological conditions and are altered in different physiological states, such as cell cycle stages, attachment to substrates of different stiffness, or by entering senescence. In animal tissues, protein and lipid concentration varies with cell types, yet an unexpected cell-to-cell heterogeneity was found in cerebellar Purkinje cells. The protein and lipid concentration profile provides means to quantitatively compare disease-related pathology, as demonstrated using models of Alzheimer’s disease. This demonstration shows that NoRI is a broadly applicable technique for probing the biological regulation of protein mass, lipid mass, and water mass for studies of cellular and tissue growth, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungeun Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - ChangHee Lee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 20138
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Avik Mukherjee
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Markus Basan
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Wei Yin
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129
| | | | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - X. Sunney Xie
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871; China
| | - Marc W. Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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61
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Li Y, Zhang W, Fung AA, Shi L. DO-SRS imaging of diet regulated metabolic activities in Drosophila during aging processes. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13586. [PMID: 35257470 PMCID: PMC9009230 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays crucial roles during aging processes, but how it is regulated by diets and how it interplays with aging still remain unclear. We proposed a new optical imaging platform by integrating heavy water (D2 O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy, for the first time, to directly visualize and quantify lipid metabolism regulated by different diets and insulin signaling pathway in Drosophila fat body during aging. We found that calorie restriction, low protein diet, and (moderately) high protein and high sucrose diets enhanced lipid turnover in flies at all ages, while (moderately) high fructose and glucose diets only promoted lipid turnover in aged flies. The measured lipid turnover enhancements under diverse diets were due to different mechanisms. High protein diet shortened the lifespan while all other diets extended the lifespan. Downregulating the insulin signaling pathway enhanced lipid turnover, which is likely related to lifespan increase, while upregulating insulin signaling pathway decreased lipid turnover that would shorten the lifespan. Our study offers the first approach to directly visualize spatiotemporal alterations of lipid turnover in aging Drosophila in situ, for a better understanding of the interconnections between lipid metabolism, diets, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony A. Fung
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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62
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Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhou L, Wang P, Hong W. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing for mixed bacterial infection in urine by AI-stimulated Raman scattering metabolic imaging. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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63
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Fung AA, Hoang K, Zha H, Chen D, Zhang W, Shi L. Imaging Sub-Cellular Methionine and Insulin Interplay in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Lipid Droplet Metabolism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858017. [PMID: 35359364 PMCID: PMC8960266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive cancer subtype that is difficult to diagnose due to its discriminating epidemiology and obscure metabolome. For the first time, 3D spatial and chemometric analyses uncover the unique lipid metabolome of TNBC under the tandem modulation of two key metabolites - insulin and methionine - using non-invasive optical techniques. By conjugating heavy water (D2O) probed Raman scattering with label-free two-photon fluorescence (TPF) microscopy, we observed altered de novo lipogenesis, 3D lipid droplet morphology, and lipid peroxidation under various methionine and insulin concentrations. Quantitative interrogation of both spatial and chemometric lipid metabolism under tandem metabolite modulation confirms significant interaction of insulin and methionine, which may prove to be critical therapeutic targets, and proposes a powerful optical imaging platform with subcellular resolution for metabolic and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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64
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Gao F, Tom E, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Dynamic Progress in Technological Advances to Study Lipids in Aging: Challenges and Future Directions. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:851073. [PMID: 35821837 PMCID: PMC9261449 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.851073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids participate in all cellular processes. Diverse methods have been developed to investigate lipid composition and distribution in biological samples to understand the effect of lipids across an organism’s lifespan. Here, we summarize the advanced techniques for studying lipids, including mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, lipid imaging, chemical-based lipid analysis and lipid engineering and their advantages. We further discuss the limitation of the current methods to gain an in-depth knowledge of the role of lipids in aging, and the possibility of lipid-based therapy in aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Emily Tom
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Vision Research, School of Medicine, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk,
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65
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Zhang W, Craddock TJ, Li Y, Swartzlander M, Alfano RR, Shi L. Fano resonance line shapes in the Raman spectra of tubulin and microtubules reveal quantum effects. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100043. [PMID: 36425084 PMCID: PMC9680776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2021.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are self-assembling biological nanotubes made of the protein tubulin that are essential for cell motility, cell architecture, cell division, and intracellular trafficking. They demonstrate unique mechanical properties of high resilience and stiffness due to their quasi-crystalline helical structure. It has been theorized that this hollow molecular nanostructure may function like a quantum wire where optical transitions can take place, and photoinduced changes in microtubule architecture may be mediated via changes in disulfide or peptide bonds or stimulated by photoexcitation of tryptophan, tyrosine, or phenylalanine groups, resulting in subtle protein structural changes owing to alterations in aromatic flexibility. Here, we measured the Raman spectra of a microtubule and its constituent protein tubulin both in dry powdered form and in aqueous solution to determine if molecular bond vibrations show potential Fano resonances, which are indicative of quantum coupling between discrete phonon vibrational states and continuous excitonic many-body spectra. The key findings of this work are that we observed the Raman spectra of tubulin and microtubules and found line shapes characteristic of Fano resonances attributed to aromatic amino acids and disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Travis J.A. Craddock
- Clinical Systems Biology Group, Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine
- Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, Computer Science, and Clinical Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Robert R. Alfano
- Institute for Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lasers, Department of Physics, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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66
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Spratt SJ, Oguchi K, Miura K, Asanuma M, Kosakamoto H, Obata F, Ozeki Y. Probing Methionine Uptake in Live Cells by Deuterium Labeling and Stimulated Raman Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1633-1639. [PMID: 35195004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The small biomolecule methionine (Met) is a fundamental amino acid required for a vast range of biological processes such as protein synthesis, cancer metabolism, and epigenetics. However, it is still difficult to visualize the subcellular distribution of small biomolecules including Met in a minimally invasive manner. Here, we demonstrate stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging of cellular uptake of deuterated methionine (d8-Met) in live HeLa cells by way of comparison to the previously used alkyne-labeled Met analogue─homopropargylglycine (Hpg). We show that the solutions of d8-Met and Hpg have similar SRS signal intensities. Furthermore, by careful image analysis with background subtraction, we succeed in the SRS imaging of cellular uptake of d8-Met with a much greater signal intensity than Hpg, possibly reflecting the increased and minimally invasive uptake kinetics of d8-Met compared with Hpg. We anticipate that d8-Met and other deuterated biomolecules will be useful for investigating metabolic processes with subcellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Spratt
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oguchi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miura
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hina Kosakamoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Laboratory for Nutritional Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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67
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Zhang M, Seleem MN, Cheng JX. Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Deuterium Incorporation in a Single Bacterium. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/62398. [PMID: 35225259 PMCID: PMC9682461 DOI: 10.3791/62398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To slow and prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistant infections, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is in urgent need to quantitatively determine the antimicrobial effects on pathogens. It typically takes days to complete the AST by conventional methods based on the long-time culture, and they do not work directly for clinical samples. Here, we report a rapid AST method enabled by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging of deuterium oxide (D2O) metabolic incorporation. Metabolic incorporation of D2O into biomass and the metabolic activity inhibition upon exposure to antibiotics at the single bacterium level are monitored by SRS imaging. The single-cell metabolism inactivation concentration (SC-MIC) of bacteria upon exposure to antibiotics can be obtained after a total of 2.5 h of sample preparation and detection. Furthermore, this rapid AST method is directly applicable to bacterial samples in complex biological environments, such as urine or whole blood. SRS metabolic imaging of deuterium incorporation is transformative for rapid single-cell phenotypic AST in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University; Boston University Photonics Center, Boston University; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University; Department of Chemistry, Boston University;
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68
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Li Y, Bagheri P, Chang P, Zeng A, Hao J, Fung A, Wu JY, Shi L. Direct Imaging of Lipid Metabolic Changes in Drosophila Ovary During Aging Using DO-SRS Microscopy. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:819903. [PMID: 35822015 PMCID: PMC9261447 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.819903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies have shown that lipids and proteins play versatile roles in various aspects of aging. High-resolution in situ optical imaging provides a powerful approach to study the metabolic dynamics of lipids and proteins during aging. Here, we integrated D2O probing and stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to directly visualize metabolic changes in aging Drosophila ovary. The subcellular spatial distribution of de novo protein synthesis and lipogenesis in ovary was quantitatively imaged and examined. Our Raman spectra showed that early stages follicles were protein-enriched whereas mature eggs were lipid-enriched. DO-SRS imaging showed a higher protein synthesis in the earlier developing stages and an increased lipid turned over at the late stage. Aged (35 days) flies exhibited a dramatic decrease in metabolic turnover activities of both proteins and lipids, particularly, in the germ stem cell niche of germarium. We found an accumulation of unsaturated lipids in the nurse cells and oocytes in old flies, suggesting that unsaturated lipids may play an important role in the processes of oocyte maturation. We further detected changes in mitochondrial morphology and accumulation of Cytochrome c during aging. To our knowledge, this is the first study that directly visualizes spatiotemporal changes in lipid and protein metabolism in Drosophila ovary during development and aging processes. Our study not only demonstrates the application of a new imaging platform in visualizing metabolic dynamics of lipids and proteins in situ but also unravels how the metabolic activity and lipid distribution change in Drosophila ovary during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- The Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pegah Bagheri
- The Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Phyllis Chang
- The Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Audrey Zeng
- The Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jie Hao
- The Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anthony Fung
- The Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lingyan Shi
- The Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lingyan Shi,
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69
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Wang X, Liu NM, Zhao YF, Yang F, Zhu ZJ, Song D. Research Progress in the Medical Application of Heavy Water, Especially in the Field of D 2O-Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1357-1363. [PMID: 35928718 PMCID: PMC9346379 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.73150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy water is an ideal contrast agent for metabolic activity and can be adapted to a wide range of biological systems owing to its non-invasiveness, universal applicability, and cost-effectiveness. As a new type of probe, the heavy isotope of water has been widely used in the study of cell development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity. Herein, we review findings supporting the applications of and research on heavy water in monitoring of bacterial metabolism, rapid detection of drug sensitivity, identification of tumor cells, precision medicine, and evaluation of skin barrier function and promote the use of heavy water as a suitable marker for the development of detection and treatment methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021
| | - Nai-Meng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021
| | - Ya-Fei Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021
| | - Zi-Jia Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021
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70
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Cialla-May D, Krafft C, Rösch P, Deckert-Gaudig T, Frosch T, Jahn IJ, Pahlow S, Stiebing C, Meyer-Zedler T, Bocklitz T, Schie I, Deckert V, Popp J. Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging in Bioanalytics. Anal Chem 2021; 94:86-119. [PMID: 34920669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Izabella J Jahn
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Pahlow
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Meyer-Zedler
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Iwan Schie
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, University of Applied Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, Center of Applied Research, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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71
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Bagheri P, Hoang K, Fung AA, Hussain S, Shi L. Visualizing Cancer Cell Metabolic Dynamics Regulated With Aromatic Amino Acids Using DO-SRS and 2PEF Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:779702. [PMID: 34977157 PMCID: PMC8714916 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.779702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative imbalance plays an essential role in the progression of many diseases that include cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aromatic amino acids (AAA) such as phenylalanine and tryptophan have the capability of escalating oxidative stress because of their involvement in the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Here, we use D2O (heavy water) probed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (DO-SRS) and two Photon Excitation Fluorescence (2PEF) microscopy as a multimodal imaging approach to visualize metabolic changes in HeLa cells under excess AAA such as phenylalanine or trytophan in culture media. The cellular spatial distribution of de novo lipogenesis, new protein synthesis, NADH, Flavin, unsaturated lipids, and saturated lipids were all imaged and quantified in this experiment. Our studies reveal ∼10% increase in de novo lipogenesis and the ratio of NADH to flavin, and ∼50% increase of the ratio of unsaturated lipids to saturated lipid in cells treated with excess phenylalanine or trytophan. In contrast, these cells exhibited a decrease in the protein synthesis rate by ∼10% under these AAA treatments. The cellular metabolic activities of these biomolecules are indicators of elevated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, 3D reconstruction images of lipid droplets were acquired and quantified to observe their spatial distribution around cells’ nuceli under different AAA culture media. We observed a higher number of lipid droplets in excess AAA conditions. Our study showcases that DO-SRS imaging can be used to quantitatively study how excess AAA regulates metabolic activities of cells with subcellular resolution in situ.
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72
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Boorman D, Pope I, Masia F, Langbein W, Hood S, Borri P, Watson P. Hyperspectral CARS microscopy and quantitative unsupervised analysis of deuterated and non-deuterated fatty acid storage in human cells. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:224202. [PMID: 34911324 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) implemented as a vibrational micro-spectroscopy modality eradicates the need for potentially perturbative fluorescent labeling while still providing high-resolution, chemically specific images of biological samples. Isotopic substitution of hydrogen atoms with deuterium introduces minimal change to molecular structures and can be coupled with CARS microscopy to increase chemical contrast. Here, we investigate HeLa cells incubated with non-deuterated or deuterium-labeled fatty acids, using an in-house-developed hyperspectral CARS microscope coupled with an unsupervised quantitative data analysis algorithm, to retrieve Raman susceptibility spectra and concentration maps of chemical components in physically meaningful units. We demonstrate that our unsupervised analysis retrieves the susceptibility spectra of the specific fatty acids, both deuterated and non-deuterated, in good agreement with reference Raman spectra measured in pure lipids. Our analysis, using the cell-silent spectral region, achieved excellent chemical specificity despite having no prior knowledge and considering the complex intracellular environment inside cells. The quantitative capabilities of the analysis allowed us to measure the concentration of deuterated and non-deuterated fatty acids stored within cytosolic lipid droplets over a 24 h period. Finally, we explored the potential use of deuterium-labeled lipid droplets for non-invasive cell tracking, demonstrating an effective application of the technique for distinguishing between cells in a mixed population over a 16 h period. These results further demonstrate the chemically specific capabilities of hyperspectral CARS microscopy to characterize and distinguish specific lipid types inside cells using an unbiased quantitative data analysis methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Boorman
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Masia
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Hood
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Watson
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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73
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Abstract
Emerging studies have shown that lipid metabolism plays an important role in aging. High resolution in situ imaging of lipid metabolic dynamics inside cells and tissues affords a novel and potent approach for understanding many biological processes such as aging. Here we established a new optical imaging platform that combines D2O-probed stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) imaging microscopy and a Drosophila model to directly visualize metabolic activities in situ during aging. The sub-cellular spatial distribution of de novo lipogenesis in the fat body was quantitatively imaged and examined. We discovered a dramatic decrease in lipid turnover in 35-day-old flies. Decreases in protein turnover occurred earlier than lipids (25-day vs. 35-day), and there are many proteins localized on the cell and lipid droplet membrane. This suggests that protein metabolism may act as a prerequisite for lipid metabolism during aging. This alteration of maintenance of protein turnover indicates disrupted lipid metabolism. We further found a significantly higher lipid turnover rate in large LDs, indicating more active metabolism in large LDs, suggesting that large and small LDs play different roles in metabolism to maintain cellular homeostasis. This is the first study that directly visualizes spatiotemporal alterations of lipid (and protein) metabolism in Drosophila during the aging process. Our study not only demonstrates a new imaging platform for studying lipid metabolism, but also unravels the important interconnections between lipid metabolism and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Anthony A Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
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74
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Heuke S, Rimke I, Sarri B, Gasecka P, Appay R, Legoff L, Volz P, Büttner E, Rigneault H. Shot-noise limited tunable dual-vibrational frequency stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7780-7789. [PMID: 35003866 PMCID: PMC8713670 DOI: 10.1364/boe.446348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a shot-noise limited SRS implementation providing a >200 mW per excitation wavelength that is optimized for addressing two molecular vibrations simultaneously. As the key to producing a 3 ps laser of different colors out of a single fs-laser (15 nm FWHM), we use ultra-steep angle-tunable optical filters to extract 2 narrow-band Stokes laser beams (1-2 nm & 1-2 ps), which are separated by 100 cm-1. The center part of the fs-laser is frequency doubled to pump an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The temporal width of the OPO's output (1 ps) is matched to the Stokes beams and can be tuned from 650-980 nm to address simultaneously two Raman shifts separated by 100 cm-1 that are located between 500 cm-1 and 5000 cm-1. We demonstrate background-free SRS imaging of C-D labeled biological samples (bacteria and Drosophila). Furthermore, high quality virtual stimulated Raman histology imaging of a brain adenocarcinoma is shown for pixel dwell times of 16 µs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Heuke
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- contributed equally to this work
| | - Ingo Rimke
- APE Angewandte Physik & Elektronik GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- contributed equally to this work
| | - Barbara Sarri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Lightcore Technologies, Cannes, France
| | - Paulina Gasecka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Appay
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service d’Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Loic Legoff
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Peter Volz
- APE Angewandte Physik & Elektronik GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edlef Büttner
- APE Angewandte Physik & Elektronik GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Lightcore Technologies, Cannes, France
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75
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Takei Y, Hirai R, Fukuda A, Miyazaki S, Shimada R, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Saito M, Leproux P, Hisatake K, Kano H. Visualization of intracellular lipid metabolism in brown adipocytes by time-lapse ultra-multiplex CARS microspectroscopy with an onstage incubator. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:125102. [PMID: 34598561 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We visualized a dynamic process of fatty acid uptake of brown adipocytes using a time-lapse ultra-broadband multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopic imaging system with an onstage incubator. Combined with the deuterium labeling technique, the intracellular uptake of saturated fatty acids was traced up to 9 h, a substantial advance over the initial multiplex CARS system, with an analysis time of 80 min. Characteristic metabolic activities of brown adipocytes, such as resistance to lipid saturation, were elucidated, supporting the utility of the newly developed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takei
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Rie Hirai
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Aya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyazaki
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Philippe Leproux
- Institut de Recherche XLIM, UMR CNRS No. 7252, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Koji Hisatake
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kano
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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76
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Lin P, Chen WT, Yousef KMA, Marchioni J, Zhu A, Capasso F, Cheng JX. Coherent Raman scattering imaging with a near-infrared achromatic metalens. APL PHOTONICS 2021; 6:096107. [PMID: 34553044 PMCID: PMC8442248 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Miniature handheld imaging devices and endoscopes based on coherent Raman scattering are promising for label-free in vivo optical diagnosis. Toward the development of these small-scale systems, a challenge arises from the design and fabrication of achromatic and high-end miniature optical components for both pump and Stokes laser wavelengths. Here, we report a metasurface converting a low-cost plano-convex lens into a water-immersion, nearly diffraction-limited and achromatic lens. The metasurface comprising amorphous silicon nanopillars is designed in a way that all incident rays arrive at the focus with the same phase and group delay, leading to corrections of monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the refractive lens, respectively. Compared to the case without the metasurface, the hybrid metasurface-refractive lens has higher Strehl ratios than the plano-convex lens and a tighter depth of focus. The hybrid metasurface-refractive lens is utilized in spectroscopic stimulated Raman scattering and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging for the differentiation of two different polymer microbeads. Subsequently, the hybrid metalens is harnessed for volumetric coherent Raman scattering imaging of bead and tissue samples. Finally, we discuss possible approaches to integrate such hybrid metalens in a miniature scanning system for label-free coherent Raman scattering endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Wei Ting Chen
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Zhu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Federico Capasso
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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77
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Boorman D, Pope I, Masia F, Watson P, Borri P, Langbein W. Quantification of the nonlinear susceptibility of the hydrogen and deuterium stretch vibration for biomolecules in coherent Raman micro-spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY : JRS 2021; 52:1540-1551. [PMID: 36339900 PMCID: PMC9627839 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.6164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium labelling is increasingly used in coherent Raman imaging of complex systems, such as biological cells and tissues, to improve chemical specificity. Nevertheless, quantitative coherent Raman susceptibility spectra for deuterated compounds have not been previously reported. Interestingly, it is expected theoretically that -D stretch vibrations have a Raman susceptibility lower than -H stretch vibrations, with the area of their imaginary part scaling with their wavenumber, which is shifted from around 2900 cm-1 for C-H into the silent region around 2100 cm-1 for C-D. Here, we report quantitative measurements of the nonlinear susceptibility of water, succinic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and deuterated isoforms. We show that the -D stretch vibration has indeed a lower area, consistent with the frequency reduction due to the doubling of atomic mass from hydrogen to deuterium. This finding elucidates an important trade-off between chemical specificity and signal strength in the adoption of deuterium labelling as an imaging strategy for coherent Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Boorman
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Peter Watson
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Paola Borri
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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78
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Lima C, Muhamadali H, Goodacre R. The Role of Raman Spectroscopy Within Quantitative Metabolomics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:323-345. [PMID: 33826853 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091420-092323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-four years have passed since the discovery of the Raman effect, and there are currently more than 25 different types of Raman-based techniques. The past two decades have witnessed the blossoming of Raman spectroscopy as a powerful physicochemical technique with broad applications within the life sciences. In this review, we critique the use of Raman spectroscopy as a tool for quantitative metabolomics. We overview recent developments of Raman spectroscopy for identification and quantification of disease biomarkers in liquid biopsies, with a focus on the recent advances within surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based methods. Ultimately, we discuss the applications of imaging modalities based on Raman scattering as label-free methods to study the abundance and distribution of biomolecules in cells and tissues, including mammalian, algal, and bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom;
| | - Howbeer Muhamadali
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom;
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom;
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79
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Andreana M, Sturtzel C, Spielvogel CP, Papp L, Leitgeb R, Drexler W, Distel M, Unterhuber A. Toward Quantitative in vivo Label-Free Tracking of Lipid Distribution in a Zebrafish Cancer Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675636. [PMID: 34277618 PMCID: PMC8280786 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells often adapt their lipid metabolism to accommodate the increased fatty acid demand for membrane biogenesis and energy production. Upregulation of fatty acid uptake from the environment of cancer cells has also been reported as an alternative mechanism. To investigate the role of lipids in tumor onset and progression and to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, lipids are ideally imaged directly within the intact tumor tissue in a label-free way. In this study, we investigated lipid accumulation and distribution in living zebrafish larvae developing a tumor by means of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. Quantitative textural features based on radiomics revealed higher lipid accumulation in oncogene-expressing larvae compared to healthy ones. This high lipid accumulation could reflect an altered lipid metabolism in the hyperproliferating oncogene-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caterina Sturtzel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for Preclinical Drug Screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens P Spielvogel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laszlo Papp
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for Preclinical Drug Screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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80
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Du D, Zhao L, Shen M, Noda M, Qin S, Long J, Sun X, Liu J. Hydrogen medicine: A rising star in gas medicine. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900020300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas medicine, including O2, NO, H2S, CO, CH4, has played important roles in prevention and treatment of diseases for a long time. Molecular hydrogen (H2), the smallest diatomic molecule in nature, has become a rising star in gas medicine in the past decades. Many studies have shown that H2 has preventive and therapeutic effects on various diseases through its selective antioxidant activity. H2, as a non-toxic gas for the human body and convenience to obtain, has provided a great possibility to be used widely. Currently, the main difficulties in hydrogen medicine are lack of definitive clinical evidence and the molecular basis of hydrogen effects. In this paper, the authors have conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of these issues, and also proposed the possibility of developing Hydrogen Biology and Hydrogen Medicine as new disciplines of biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Du
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Shen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Provincial Crops Hospital, Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, 831 Hongxu Road, Shanghai 201103, P. R. China
| | - Mami Noda
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shucun Qin
- Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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81
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Chen C, Zhao Z, Qian N, Wei S, Hu F, Min W. Multiplexed live-cell profiling with Raman probes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3405. [PMID: 34099708 PMCID: PMC8184955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell multiparameter measurement has been increasingly recognized as a key technology toward systematic understandings of complex molecular and cellular functions in biological systems. Despite extensive efforts in analytical techniques, it is still generally challenging for existing methods to decipher a large number of phenotypes in a single living cell. Herein we devise a multiplexed Raman probe panel with sharp and mutually resolvable Raman peaks to simultaneously quantify cell surface proteins, endocytosis activities, and metabolic dynamics of an individual live cell. When coupling it to whole-cell spontaneous Raman micro-spectroscopy, we demonstrate the utility of this technique in 14-plexed live-cell profiling and phenotyping under various drug perturbations. In particular, single-cell multiparameter measurement enables powerful clustering, correlation, and network analysis with biological insights. This profiling platform is compatible with live-cell cytometry, of low instrument complexity and capable of highly multiplexed measurement in a robust and straightforward manner, thereby contributing a valuable tool for both basic single-cell biology and translation applications such as high-content cell sorting and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhilun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Naixin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shixuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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82
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Prince RC, Potma EO. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy: capable solution in search of a larger audience. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210102-PER. [PMID: 34085436 PMCID: PMC8174578 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.6.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is an optical imaging technique with capabilities that could benefit a broad range of biomedical research studies. AIM We reflect on the birth, rapid rise, and inescapable growing pains of the technique and look back on nearly four decades of developments to examine where the CRS imaging approach might be headed in the next decade to come. APPROACH We provide a brief historical account of CRS microscopy, followed by a discussion of the challenges to disseminate the technique to a larger audience. We then highlight recent progress in expanding the capabilities of the CRS microscope and assess its current appeal as a practical imaging tool. RESULTS New developments in Raman tagging have improved the specificity and sensitivity of the CRS technique. In addition, technical advances have led to CRS microscopes that can capture hyperspectral data cubes at practical acquisition times. These improvements have broadened the application space of the technique. CONCLUSION The technical performance of the CRS microscope has improved dramatically since its inception, but these advances have not yet translated into a substantial user base beyond a strong core of enthusiasts. Nonetheless, new developments are poised to move the unique capabilities of the technique into the hands of more users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Prince
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Eric O. Potma
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Chemistry, Irvine, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Eric O. Potma,
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83
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Switchable stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with photochromic vibrational probes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3089. [PMID: 34035304 PMCID: PMC8149663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochromic probes with reversible fluorescence have revolutionized the fields of single molecule spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy, but lack sufficient chemical specificity. In contrast, Raman probes with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy provides superb chemical resolution for super-multiplexed imaging, but are relatively inert. Here we report vibrational photochromism by engineering alkyne tagged diarylethene to realize photo-switchable SRS imaging. The narrow Raman peak of the alkyne group shifts reversibly upon photoisomerization of the conjugated diarylethene when irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) or visible light, yielding “on” or “off” SRS images taken at the photoactive Raman frequency. We demonstrated photo-rewritable patterning and encryption on thin films, painting/erasing of cells with labelled alkyne-diarylethene, as well as pulse-chase experiments of mitochondria diffusion in living cells. The design principle provides potentials for super-resolution microscopy, optical memories and switches with vibrational specificity. Probes with reversible fluorescence are useful in super-resolution microscopy, but lack sufficient chemical specificity. Here, the authors engineer alkyne tagged diarylethene to realize photo-switchable stimulated Raman scattering probes with high chemical resolution, for applications in living cells.
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84
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Zago G, Saavedra PHV, Keshari KR, Perry JSA. Immunometabolism of Tissue-Resident Macrophages - An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Cutting-Edge Methods and Technologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665782. [PMID: 34025667 PMCID: PMC8138590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages exist in unique environments, or niches, that inform their identity and function. There is an emerging body of literature suggesting that the qualities of this environment, such as the types of cells and debris they eat, the intercellular interactions they form, and the length of time spent in residence, collectively what we call habitare, directly inform their metabolic state. In turn, a tissue-resident macrophage’s metabolic state can inform their function, including whether they resolve inflammation and protect the host from excessive perturbations of homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent work that seeks to understand the metabolic requirements for tissue-resident macrophage identity and maintenance, for how they respond to inflammatory challenges, and for how they perform homeostatic functions or resolve inflammatory insults. We end with a discussion of the emerging technologies that are enabling, or will enable, in situ study of tissue-resident macrophage metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Zago
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pedro H V Saavedra
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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85
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Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing by stimulated Raman scattering metabolic imaging and morphological deformation of bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1168:338622. [PMID: 34051990 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methods for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are urgently needed to address the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we report a new method based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which measures both the metabolic activity and the morphological deformation of bacteria to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of β-lactam antibiotics rapidly. In this approach, we quantify single bacteria's metabolic activity by the carbon-deuterium (C-D) bond concentrations in bacteria after D2O incubation. In the meantime, bacterial morphological deformation caused by β-lactam antibiotics is also measured. With these two quantifiable markers, we develop an evaluation method to perform AST of cefotaxime on 103 E. coli strains. Our method achieved a 93.2% categorical agreement and a 93.2% essential agreement with the standard reference method.
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86
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Following de novo triglyceride dynamics in ovaries of Aedes aegypti during the previtellogenic stage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9636. [PMID: 33953286 PMCID: PMC8099868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular and biochemical basis of egg development is a central topic in mosquito reproductive biology. Lipids are a major source of energy and building blocks for the developing ovarian follicles. Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHRMS) combined with in vivo metabolic labeling of follicle lipids with deuterated water (2H2O) can provide unequivocal identification of de novo lipid species during ovarian development. In the present study, we followed de novo triglyceride (TG) dynamics during the ovarian previtellogenic (PVG) stage (2-7 days post-eclosion) of female adult Aedes aegypti. The incorporation of stable isotopes from the diet was evaluated using liquid chromatography (LC) in tandem with the high accuracy (< 0.3 ppm) and high mass resolution (over 1 M) of a 14.5 T Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (14.5 T FT-ICR MS) equipped with hexapolar detection. LC-UHRMS provides effective lipid class separation and chemical formula identification based on the isotopic fine structure. The monitoring of stable isotope incorporation into de novo incorporated TGs suggests that ovarian lipids are consumed or recycled during the PVG stage, with variable time dynamics. These results provide further evidence of the complexity of the molecular mechanism of follicular lipid dynamics during oogenesis in mosquitoes.
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87
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Adamczyk A, Matuszyk E, Radwan B, Rocchetti S, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Toward Raman Subcellular Imaging of Endothelial Dysfunction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4396-4409. [PMID: 33821652 PMCID: PMC8154563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multiple diseases are at some point associated with altered endothelial
function, and endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to their pathophysiology.
Biochemical changes of the dysfunctional endothelium are linked to
various cellular organelles, including the mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and nucleus, so organelle-specific insight is needed for
better understanding of endothelial pathobiology. Raman imaging, which
combines chemical specificity with microscopic resolution, has proved
to be useful in detecting biochemical changes in ED at the cellular
level. However, the detection of spectroscopic markers associated
with specific cell organelles, while desirable, cannot easily be achieved
by Raman imaging without labeling. This critical review summarizes
the current advances in Raman-based analysis of ED, with a focus on
a new approach involving molecular Raman reporters that could facilitate
the study of biochemical changes in cellular organelles. Finally,
imaging techniques based on both conventional spontaneous Raman scattering
and the emerging technique of stimulated Raman scattering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adamczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Basseem Radwan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefano Rocchetti
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, 16 Grzegorzecka Str., 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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88
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Xu J, Yu T, Zois CE, Cheng JX, Tang Y, Harris AL, Huang WE. Unveiling Cancer Metabolism through Spontaneous and Coherent Raman Spectroscopy and Stable Isotope Probing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1718. [PMID: 33916413 PMCID: PMC8038603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark in cancer. The high complexity and heterogeneity in cancer render it challenging for scientists to study cancer metabolism. Despite the recent advances in single-cell metabolomics based on mass spectrometry, the analysis of metabolites is still a destructive process, thus limiting in vivo investigations. Being label-free and nonperturbative, Raman spectroscopy offers intrinsic information for elucidating active biochemical processes at subcellular level. This review summarizes recent applications of Raman-based techniques, including spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and imaging, coherent Raman imaging, and Raman-stable isotope probing, in contribution to the molecular understanding of the complex biological processes in the disease. In addition, this review discusses possible future directions of Raman-based technologies in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Christos E. Zois
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Health, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MS 02215, USA;
| | - Yuguo Tang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China;
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Wei E. Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
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89
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Recent Development of Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods through Metabolic Profiling of Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030311. [PMID: 33803002 PMCID: PMC8002737 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics, the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasing and have become a major threat to human health. A key factor in the treatment of bacterial infections and slowing down the emergence of antibiotic resistance is to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of infecting bacteria rapidly to prescribe appropriate drugs and reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Current phenotypic AST methods based on the detection of bacterial growth are generally reliable but are too slow. There is an urgent need for new methods that can perform AST rapidly. Bacterial metabolism is a fast process, as bacterial cells double about every 20 to 30 min for fast-growing species. Moreover, bacterial metabolism has shown to be related to drug resistance, so a comparison of differences in microbial metabolic processes in the presence or absence of antimicrobials provides an alternative approach to traditional culture for faster AST. In this review, we summarize recent developments in rapid AST methods through metabolic profiling of bacteria under antibiotic treatment.
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90
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Shi L, Fung AA, Zhou A. Advances in stimulated Raman scattering imaging for tissues and animals. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:1078-1101. [PMID: 33654679 PMCID: PMC7829158 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has emerged in the last decade as a powerful optical imaging technology with high chemical selectivity, speed, and subcellular resolution. Since the invention of SRS microscopy, it has been extensively employed in life science to study composition, structure, metabolism, development, and disease in biological systems. Applications of SRS in research and the clinic have generated new insights in many fields including neurobiology, tumor biology, developmental biology, metabolomics, pharmacokinetics, and more. Herein we review the advances and applications of SRS microscopy imaging in tissues and animals, as well as envision future applications and development of SRS imaging in life science and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony A Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andy Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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91
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Wang C, Xia C, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Innovative fluorescent probes for in vivo visualization of biomolecules in living Caenorhabditis elegans. Cytometry A 2021; 99:560-574. [PMID: 33638604 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a well-established multicellular model organism has been widely used in the biological field for half a century. Its numerous advantages including small body size, rapid life cycle, high-reproductive rate, well-defined anatomy, and conserved genome, has made C. elegans one of the most successful multicellular model organisms. Discoveries obtained from the C. elegans model have made great contributions to research fields such as development, aging, biophysics, immunology, and neuroscience. Because of its transparent body and giant cell size, C. elegans is also an ideal subject for high resolution and high-throughput optical imaging and analysis. During the past decade, great advances have been made to develop biomolecule-targeting techniques for noninvasive optical imaging. These novel technologies expanded the toolbox for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomolecules in C. elegans. In this review, we summarize recently developed fluorescent probes or labeling techniques for visualizing biomolecules at the cellular, subcellular or molecular scale by using C. elegans as the major model organism or designed specifically for the applications in C. elegans. Combining the technological advantages of the C. elegans model with the novel fluorescent labeling techniques will provide new horizons for high-efficiency quantitative optical analysis in live organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chujie Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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92
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Hollon T, Orringer DA. Label-free brain tumor imaging using Raman-based methods. J Neurooncol 2021; 151:393-402. [PMID: 33611706 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Label-free Raman-based imaging techniques create the possibility of bringing chemical and histologic data into the operation room. Relying on the intrinsic biochemical properties of tissues to generate image contrast and optical tissue sectioning, Raman-based imaging methods can be used to detect microscopic tumor infiltration and diagnose brain tumor subtypes. METHODS Here, we review the application of three Raman-based imaging methods to neurosurgical oncology: Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, and stimulated Raman histology (SRH). RESULTS Raman spectroscopy allows for chemical characterization of tissue and can differentiate normal and tumor-infiltrated tissue based on variations in macromolecule content, both ex vivo and in vivo. To improve signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional Raman spectroscopy, a second pulsed excitation laser can be used to coherently drive the vibrational frequency of specific Raman active chemical bonds (i.e. symmetric stretching of -CH2 bonds). Coherent Raman imaging, including CARS and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, has been shown to detect microscopic brain tumor infiltration in fresh brain tumor specimens with submicron image resolution. Advances in fiber-laser technology have allowed for the development of intraoperative SRH as well as artificial intelligence algorithms to facilitate interpretation of SRH images. With molecular diagnostics becoming an essential part of brain tumor classification, preliminary studies have demonstrated that Raman-based methods can be used to diagnose glioma molecular classes intraoperatively. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate how label-free Raman-based imaging methods can be used to improve the management of brain tumor patients by detecting tumor infiltration, guiding tumor biopsy/resection, and providing images for histopathologic and molecular diagnosis.
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93
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Wang Y, Li F, Dou Z, Sun C, Fang W, Men Z. Resonance enhancement stimulated Raman scattering of O–H stretching vibration in water molecule. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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94
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Deuterium-labeled Raman tracking of glucose accumulation and protein metabolic dynamics in Aspergillus nidulans hyphal tips. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1279. [PMID: 33446770 PMCID: PMC7809412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi grow exclusively at their tips, where many growth-related fungal processes, such as enzyme secretion and invasion into host cells, take place. Hyphal tips are also a site of active metabolism. Understanding metabolic dynamics within the tip region is therefore important for biotechnology and medicine as well as for microbiology and ecology. However, methods that can track metabolic dynamics with sufficient spatial resolution and in a nondestructive manner are highly limited. Here we present time-lapse Raman imaging using a deuterium (D) tracer to study spatiotemporally varying metabolic activity within the hyphal tip of Aspergillus nidulans. By analyzing the carbon-deuterium (C-D) stretching Raman band with spectral deconvolution, we visualize glucose accumulation along the inner edge of the hyphal tip and synthesis of new proteins from the taken-up D-labeled glucose specifically at the central part of the apical region. Our results show that deuterium-labeled Raman imaging offers a broadly applicable platform for the study of metabolic dynamics in filamentous fungi and other relevant microorganisms in vivo.
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95
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Hekmatara M, Heidari Baladehi M, Ji Y, Xu J. D 2O-Probed Raman Microspectroscopy Distinguishes the Metabolic Dynamics of Macromolecules in Organellar Anticancer Drug Response. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2125-2134. [PMID: 33435684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To profile the metabolic dynamics responding to drugs at the single-cell/organelle resolution, rapid and economical mechanism-revealing methods are required. Here, we introduced D2O-probed Raman microspectroscopy in combination with the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS or MCR) algorithm. Exploiting MCR to deconvolute each macromolecular component specifically, the method is able to track and distinguish changes in lipid and protein metabolic activities in a human cancer cell line (MCF-7) and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in response to the metabolism-inhibitory effect of rapamycin, which inhibits the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Under rapamycin, in the lipid bodies of cancer cells, metabolic activities of both protein and lipid are suppressed; in the nucleus, protein synthesis remains active, whereas lipid synthesis is inhibited; in the cytoplasm, syntheses of protein and lipid are both dose- and duration-dependent. Thus, rapamycin differentially influences protein and lipid synthesis in mTOR signaling. Moreover, the strong correlation between macromolecular-specific components of yeast and those in MCF-7 cytoplasm, nucleus, and lipid bodies revealed similarity in rapamycin response. Notably, highly metabolically active cancer cells after high-dosage rapamycin exposure (500 or 5000 × IC50) were revealed, which escape detection by population-level cytotoxicity tests. Thus, by unveiling macromolecule-specific metabolic dynamics at the organelle level, the method is valuable to mechanism-based rapid screening and dissection of drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hekmatara
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohammadhadi Heidari Baladehi
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuetong Ji
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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96
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In-Line and Off-Line Monitoring of Skin Penetration Profiles Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010067. [PMID: 33430237 PMCID: PMC7825688 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex-vivo and in-vivo skin analysis has been extensively evaluated by confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). The off-line measurement with a CRS-suited skin-mounted device after Franz-cell incubations is the most popular choice. However, real-time monitoring of in-line measurement has clear advantages for obtaining dynamic and more timely results. In our study, a custom-built setup suitable for in-line measurements was implemented, which ensures constant skin incubation and in-situ skin detections. We aim to compare the differences between using in-line and off-line devices for monitoring skin drug penetrations. A well-assessed formulation gel with procaine-HCl as the active ingredient was used as reference. The PEG-23 lauryl ether was added to the formulation as a penetration enhancer to evaluate the enhancement effects of procaine on skin. After incubation times of 14, 20, and 24 h, skin penetration profiles were assessed. Comparable results between off-line and in-line measurements were obtained. Remarkable improvements in penetrated procaine amount and depth were observed. Based on the significant differences of their enhanced penetration amounts, fairly similar estimations were achieved from both methods. A slight difference of 14 h incubation between these two setups can still be found, which may be due to the different detection conditions and affected skin properties. Overall, in-line measurements could provide a more time- and labor-saving alternative for off-line measurements in ex-vivo study.
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97
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Fujioka H, Shou J, Kojima R, Urano Y, Ozeki Y, Kamiya M. Multicolor Activatable Raman Probes for Simultaneous Detection of Plural Enzyme Activities. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20701-20707. [PMID: 33225696 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Raman probes based on alkyne or nitrile tags hold promise for highly multiplexed imaging. However, sensing of enzyme activities with Raman probes is difficult because few mechanisms are available to modulate the vibrational response. Here we present a general strategy to prepare activatable Raman probes that show enhanced Raman signals due to electronic preresonance (EPR) upon reaction with enzymes under physiological conditions. We identified a xanthene derivative bearing a nitrile group at position 9 (9CN-JCP) as a suitable scaffold dye, and synthesized four types of activatable Raman probes, which are targeted to different enzymes (three aminopeptidases and a glycosidase) and tuned to different vibrational frequencies by isotope editing of the nitrile group. We validated the activation of the Raman signals of these probes by the target enzymes and succeeded in simultaneous imaging of the four enzyme activities in live cells. Different cell lines showed different patterns of these enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryosuke Kojima
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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98
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Fung AA, Shi L. Mammalian cell and tissue imaging using Raman and coherent Raman microscopy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1501. [PMID: 32686297 PMCID: PMC7554227 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct imaging of metabolism in cells or multicellular organisms is important for understanding many biological processes. Raman scattering (RS) microscopy, particularly, coherent Raman scattering (CRS) such as coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), has emerged as a powerful platform for cellular imaging due to its high chemical selectivity, sensitivity, and imaging speed. RS microscopy has been extensively used for the identification of subcellular structures, metabolic observation, and phenotypic characterization. Conjugating RS modalities with other techniques such as fluorescence or infrared (IR) spectroscopy, flow cytometry, and RNA-sequencing can further extend the applications of RS imaging in microbiology, system biology, neurology, tumor biology and more. Here we overview RS modalities and techniques for mammalian cell and tissue imaging, with a focus on the advances and applications of CARS and SRS microscopy, for a better understanding of the metabolism and dynamics of lipids, protein, glucose, and nucleic acids in mammalian cells and tissues. This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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99
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Zhang M, Hong W, Abutaleb NS, Li J, Dong P, Zong C, Wang P, Seleem MN, Cheng J. Rapid Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of D 2O Metabolic Incorporation in a Single Bacterium. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:e2001452. [PMID: 33042757 PMCID: PMC7539191 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed for treating infections with appropriate antibiotics and slowing down the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, a phenotypic platform that rapidly produces AST results by femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering imaging of deuterium oxide (D2O) metabolism is reported. Metabolic incorporation of D2O into biomass in a single bacterium and the metabolic response to antibiotics are probed in as short as 10 min after culture in 70% D2O medium, the fastest among current technologies. Single-cell metabolism inactivation concentration (SC-MIC) is obtained in less than 2.5 h from colony to results. The SC-MIC results of 37 sets of bacterial isolate samples, which include 8 major bacterial species and 14 different antibiotics often encountered in clinic, are validated by standard minimal inhibitory concentration blindly measured via broth microdilution. Toward clinical translation, stimulated Raman scattering imaging of D2O metabolic incorporation and SC-MIC determination after 1 h antibiotic treatment and 30 min mixture of D2O and antibiotics incubation of bacteria in urine or whole blood is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Boston University Photonics CenterBostonMA02215USA
| | - Weili Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Boston University Photonics CenterBostonMA02215USA
| | - Pu‐Ting Dong
- Boston University Photonics CenterBostonMA02215USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Cheng Zong
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Boston University Photonics CenterBostonMA02215USA
| | - Pu Wang
- Vibronix Inc.West LafayetteIN47906USA
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Purdue Institute of InflammationImmunology, and Infectious DiseaseWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Ji‐Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Boston University Photonics CenterBostonMA02215USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
- Department of ChemistryBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
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100
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Heuke S, Lombardini A, Büttner E, Rigneault H. Simultaneous stimulated Raman gain and loss detection (SRGAL). OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29619-29630. [PMID: 33114857 PMCID: PMC7679185 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The fidelity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy images is impaired by artifacts such as thermal lensing, cross-phase modulation and multi-photon absorption. These artifacts affect differently the stimulated Raman loss (SRL) and stimulated Raman gain (SRG) channels making SRL and SRG image comparisons attractive to identify and correct SRS image artifacts. To provide answer to the question: "Can I trust my SRS images?", we designed a novel, but straightforward SRS scheme that enables the dectection of the stimulated Raman gain and loss (SRGAL) simultaneously at the same pixel level. As an advantage over the conventional SRS imaging scheme, SRGAL doubles the SRS signal by acquiring both SRL as well as SRG and allows for the identification of SRS artifacts and their reduction via a balanced summation of the SRL and SRG images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Heuke
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Turing Center for Living Systems, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Alberto Lombardini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Turing Center for Living Systems, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Current address: Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Edlef Büttner
- APE Angewandte Physik & Elektronik GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Turing Center for Living Systems, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
- Lightcore Technologies, Marseille, France
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