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Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer Drug Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010140. [PMID: 35011702 PMCID: PMC8750102 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the numerous investigations on resistance mechanisms, drug resistance in cancer therapies still limits favorable outcomes in cancer patients. The complexities of the inherent characteristics of tumors, such as tumor heterogeneity and the complicated interaction within the tumor microenvironment, still hinder efforts to overcome drug resistance in cancer cells, requiring innovative approaches. In this review, we describe recent studies offering evidence for the essential roles of amino acid metabolism in driving drug resistance in cancer cells. Amino acids support cancer cells in counteracting therapies by maintaining redox homeostasis, sustaining biosynthetic processes, regulating epigenetic modification, and providing metabolic intermediates for energy generation. In addition, amino acid metabolism impacts anticancer immune responses, creating an immunosuppressive or immunoeffective microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of amino acid metabolism as it relates to therapeutic resistance mechanisms will improve anticancer therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
Prolactin coordinates with the ovarian steroids to orchestrate mammary development and lactation, culminating in nourishment and an increasingly appreciated array of other benefits for neonates. Its central activities in mammary epithelial growth and differentiation suggest that it plays a role(s) in breast cancer, but it has been challenging to identify its contributions, essential for incorporation into prevention and treatment approaches. Large prospective epidemiologic studies have linked higher prolactin exposure to increased risk, particularly for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. However, it has been more difficult to determine its actions and clinical consequences in established tumors. Here we review experimental data implicating multiple mechanisms by which prolactin may increase the risk of breast cancer. We then consider the evidence for role(s) of prolactin and its downstream signaling cascades in disease progression and treatment responses, and discuss how new approaches are beginning to illuminate the biology behind the seemingly conflicting epidemiologic and experimental studies of prolactin actions across diverse breast cancers.
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53
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Jung MK, Okekunle AP, Lee JE, Sung MK, Lim YJ. Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:237-243. [PMID: 35047449 PMCID: PMC8749315 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.4.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), isoleucine, leucine and valine, are essential amino acids with vital roles in protein synthesis and energy production. We reviewed the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in advanced cancer patients. BCAAs and various catabolic products act as signalling molecules, which activate mechanisms ranging from protein synthesis to insulin secretion. Recently, BCAA metabolism has been suggested to contribute to cancer progression. Of particular interest is the modulation of the mTOR activity by BCAAs. There are likely multiple pathways involved in BCAA metabolism implicated in carcinogenesis. Understanding the mechanism(s) underlying altered BCAAs metabolism will significantly advance the current understanding of nutrient involvement in carcinogenesis and direct future studies to unravel the significance of BCCA metabolites in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyu Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chen P, Shi X, Liu Y, Shi L, Cong P, Mao S, Tong C, Du C, Hou M. Solute carrier family 12 member 8 (SLC12A8) is a potential biomarker and related to tumor immune cell infiltration in bladder cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4946-4961. [PMID: 34365894 PMCID: PMC8806707 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1962485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family has been reported to play critical roles in the progression of several cancers; however, the relationship between solute carrier family 12 member 8 (SLC12A8) and bladder cancer (BC) has not been clearly confirmed. This study explores the prognostic value of SLC12A8 for BC and its correlation with immune cell infiltration. We found that the expression of SLC12A8 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in BC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues in multiple public databases, and the result was validated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC12A8 for BC. The high expression of SLC12A8 led to a shorter overall survival time and was an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for BC. The mechanisms of SLC12A8 promoting tumorigenesis were investigated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Moreover, the correlations of SLC12A8 expression with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in BC were explored using TIMER 2.0 and CIBERSORT. SLC12A8 was associated with CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages infiltration. The expression of SLC12A8 was positively correlated with crucial immune checkpoint molecules. In conclusion, SLC12A8 might be an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in BC related to tumor immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Shi
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shi
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Peifang Cong
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shun Mao
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cangci Tong
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Törnroos R, Tina E, Göthlin Eremo A. SLC7A5 is linked to increased expression of genes related to proliferation and hypoxia in estrogen‑receptor‑positive breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:17. [PMID: 34792178 PMCID: PMC8611404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amino acid transporter named solute carrier family 7 member 5 (SLC7A5) is suggested to play a part in altered cell metabolism and proliferative signaling and has been reported to be overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Estrogen‑receptor‑positive (ER+) breast cancers constitute the most common type of breast malignancies and are often treated with anti‑estrogenic therapies. In this group of patients, endocrine resistance is a challenging problem that could lead to recurrent disease. To overcome this, additional prognostic biomarkers are needed. The present study aimed therefore to determine whether SLC7A5 may be considered as a possible prognostic marker in ER+ breast cancer and to investigate its relation with certain cancer‑related genes. We used a local breast cancer cohort (n=154) and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of SLC7A5 in association with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome. In addition, gene expression analysis was performed on 80 of these tumors. Furthermore, the METABRIC dataset was used for correlation analyses between expression of SLC7A5 and several genes related to breast cancer biology. The results demonstrated that overexpression of SLC7A5 was significantly associated with histopathological grade in patients with breast cancer, and that SLC7A5 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the expression of marker of proliferation Ki‑67 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha. Overexpression of SLC7A5 may therefore play a role in the biology of endocrinologically‑driven disease. However, when further assessing SLC7A5 using the METABRIC dataset, SLC7A5 mRNA expression level was more significantly increased in ER‑ subgroups compared with ER+ disease. All breast cancer subtypes included, SLC7A5 mRNA expression was correlated with a higher number of cancer‑related genes than in estrogen receptor positive tumors alone. The present study suggested that SLC7A5 expression may be of importance for breast cancer cell proliferation and survival. In order to further establish the biological and clinical role of SLC7A5 in breast cancer, further investigation using different breast cancer subgroups is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Törnroos
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Tina
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anna Göthlin Eremo
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70185 Örebro, Sweden
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56
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Han C, Ge M, Ho PC, Zhang L. Fueling T-cell Antitumor Immunity: Amino Acid Metabolism Revisited. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1373-1382. [PMID: 34716193 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T cells are the key players in eliminating malignant tumors. Adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells and immune checkpoint blockade has yielded durable antitumor responses in the clinic, but not all patients respond initially and some that do respond eventually have tumor progression. Thus, new approaches to enhance the utility of immunotherapy are needed. T-cell activation and differentiation status are tightly controlled at the transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic levels. Amino acids are involved in multiple steps of T-cell antitumor immunity, including T-cell activation, proliferation, effector function, memory formation as well as functional exhaustion. In this review, we briefly discuss how amino acid metabolism is linked to T-cell fate decisions and summarize how amino acid deprivation or accumulation of certain amino acid metabolites within the tumor microenvironment diminishes T-cell functionality. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for immunotherapy via modulating amino acid metabolism either in T cells intrinsically or extrinsically to achieve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Han
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Minmin Ge
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
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57
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Hussein S, Khanna P, Yunus N, Gatza ML. Nuclear Receptor-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming and the Impact on HR+ Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194808. [PMID: 34638293 PMCID: PMC8508306 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the United States, with hormone receptor positive (HR+) tumors representing more than two-thirds of new cases. Recent evidence has indicated that dysregulation of multiple metabolic programs, which can be driven through nuclear receptor activity, is essential for tumor genesis, progression, therapeutic resistance and metastasis. This study will review the current advances in our understanding of the impact and implication of altered metabolic processes driven by nuclear receptors, including hormone-dependent signaling, on HR+ breast cancer. Abstract Metabolic reprogramming enables cancer cells to adapt to the changing microenvironment in order to maintain metabolic energy and to provide the necessary biological macromolecules required for cell growth and tumor progression. While changes in tumor metabolism have been long recognized as a hallmark of cancer, recent advances have begun to delineate the mechanisms that modulate metabolic pathways and the consequence of altered signaling on tumorigenesis. This is particularly evident in hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancers which account for approximately 70% of breast cancer cases. Emerging evidence indicates that HR+ breast tumors are dependent on multiple metabolic processes for tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance and that changes in metabolic programs are driven, in part, by a number of key nuclear receptors including hormone-dependent signaling. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and impact of hormone receptor mediated metabolic reprogramming on HR+ breast cancer genesis and progression as well as the therapeutic implications of these metabolic processes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Hussein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; (S.H.); (P.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Pooja Khanna
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; (S.H.); (P.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA;
| | - Neha Yunus
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA;
| | - Michael L. Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; (S.H.); (P.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-732-235-8751
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58
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Min Q, Wang Y, Wu Q, Li X, Teng H, Fan J, Cao Y, Fan P, Zhan Q. Genomic and epigenomic evolution of acquired resistance to combination therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150203. [PMID: 34494553 PMCID: PMC8492345 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDTargeted arterial infusion of verapamil combined with chemotherapy (TVCC) is an effective clinical interventional therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the major cause of relapse or poor prognosis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of MDR, temporal intratumoral heterogeneity, and clonal evolutionary processes of resistance have not been determined.METHODSTo elucidate the roles of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the evolution of acquired resistance during therapies, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 16 serial specimens from 7 patients with ESCC at every cycle of therapeutic intervention from 3 groups, complete response, partial response, and progressive disease, and we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing for 3 of these 7 patients, 1 patient from each group.RESULTSPatients with progressive disease exhibited a substantially higher genomic and epigenomic temporal heterogeneity. Subclonal expansions driven by the beneficial new mutations were observed during combined therapies, which explained the emergence of MDR. Notably, SLC7A8 was identified as a potentially novel MDR gene, and functional assays demonstrated that mutant SLC7A8 promoted the resistance phenotypes of ESCC cell lines. Promoter methylation dynamics during treatments revealed 8 drug resistance protein-coding genes characterized by hypomethylation in promoter regions. Intriguingly, promoter hypomethylation of SLC8A3 and mutant SLC7A8 were enriched in an identical pathway, protein digestion and absorption, indicating a potentially novel MDR mechanism during treatments.CONCLUSIONOur integrated multiomics investigations revealed the dynamics of temporal genetic and epigenetic inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity, clonal evolutionary processes, and epigenomic changes, providing potential MDR therapeutic targets in treatment-resistant patients with ESCC during combined therapies.FUNDINGNational Natural Science Foundation of China, Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital, CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, Major Program of Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, and the third round of public welfare development and reform pilot projects of Beijing Municipal Medical Research Institutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Min
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingnan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yiren Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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59
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Genomic organization and hypoxia inducible factor responsive regulation of teleost hsp90β gene during hypoxia stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6491-6501. [PMID: 34460062 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological significance of a large family of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), comprised of the cytosolic HSP90A and the endoplasmic reticulum component of HSPB, is evident in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The HSP90A is believed to play critical roles in diverse physiological functions of cell viability and chromosomal stability including stress management. Heightened abundance of hsp90β transcript was documented in Channa striatus, a freshwater fish, which is capable of surviving within an extremely hypoxic environment. METHODS AND RESULTS To better understand the mechanism of hsp90β gene expression, we investigated its genomic organization. Eleven exons were identified, including a long upstream intron with a remarkable similarity with human, but not with chicken counterpart. Dual-luciferase assays identified promoter activity in a 1366 bp 5'-flanking segment beyond the transcription initiation site. Examination detected a minimal promoter of 754 bp containing a TATA-box, CAAT-enhancer in addition to providing clues regarding other enhancer and repressor elements. The driving capability of this minimal promoter was further validated by its binding ability with TATA-box binding protein and the generation of GFP expressing transgenic zebrafish (F2). Further, deletion of an inverted HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) motif RCGTG (upstream of the TATA-box) dramatically reduced luciferase expression in a hypoxic environment (CoCl2 treated cultivable cells) and was identified as a cis-acting HIF responsive element, necessary for the hypoxia-induced expression. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained herein provide an insight regarding how hsp90β gene expression is controlled by HIF responsive element in teleost both during hypoxia stress management and normal physiological functions, and suggested that the hsp90β gene promoter could be used as a potential candidate for generating ornamental and food-fish transgenics.
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Targeting Amino Acid Metabolic Reprogramming via L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) for Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174375. [PMID: 34503187 PMCID: PMC8431153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway has been well known to interact with the estrogen receptor (ER)-pathway and to be also frequently upregulated in aromatase inhibitor (AI)-resistant breast cancer patients. Intracellular levels of free amino acids, especially leucine, regulate the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation. L-type amino acid transporters such as LAT1 and LAT3 are associated with the uptake of essential amino acids. LAT1 expression could mediate leucine uptake, mTORC1 signaling, and cell proliferation. Therefore, in this study, we explored amino acid metabolism, including LAT1, in breast cancer and clarified the potential roles of LAT1 in the development of therapeutic resistance and the eventual clinical outcome of the patients. We evaluated LAT1 and LAT3 expression before and after neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NAH) and examined LAT1 function and expression in estrogen deprivation-resistant (EDR) breast carcinoma cell lines. Tumors tended to be in advanced stages in the cases whose LAT1 expression was high. LAT1 expression in the EDR cell lines was upregulated. JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, demonstrated inhibitory effects on cell proliferation in EDR cells. Hormone therapy changed the tumor microenvironment and resulted in metabolic reprogramming through inducing LAT1 expression. LAT1 expression then mediated leucine uptake, enhanced mTORC1 signaling, and eventually resulted in AI resistance. Therefore, LAT1 could be the potential therapeutic target in AI-resistant breast cancer patients.
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61
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Zhao Y, Pu C, Jiao D, Zhu J, Guo X, Liu Z. Essential amino acid metabolism-related molecular classification in triple-negative breast cancer. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1247-1268. [PMID: 34448400 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop an approach to characterize and classify triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors based upon their essential amino acid (EAA) metabolic activity. Methods: We performed bioinformatic analyses of genomic, transcriptomic and clinical data in an integrated cohort of 740 TNBC patients from public databases. Results: Based on EAA metabolism-related gene expression patterns, two TNBC subtypes were identified with distinct prognoses and genomic alterations. Patients exhibiting an upregulated EAA metabolism phenotype were more prone to chemoresistance but also expressed higher levels of immune checkpoint genes and may be better candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Conclusion: Metabolic classification based upon EAA profiles offers a novel biological insight into previously established TNBC subtypes and advances current understanding of TNBC's metabolic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Chunrui Pu
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Dechuang Jiao
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jiujun Zhu
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xuhui Guo
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of Breast, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Mishra A, Srivastava A, Pateriya A, Tomar MS, Mishra AK, Shrivastava A. Metabolic reprograming confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109602. [PMID: 34331906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Approximately 70 % of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. An ER antagonist such as tamoxifen is used as adjuvant therapy in ER-positive patients. The major problem with endocrine therapy is the emergence of acquired resistance in approximately 40 % of patients receiving tamoxifen. Metabolic alteration is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Rapidly proliferating cancer cells require increased nutritional support to fuel various functions such as proliferation, cell migration, and metastasis. Recent studies have established that the metabolic state of cancer cells influences their susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs and that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to develop into resistant phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the major findings on metabolic pathway alterations in tamoxifen-resistant (TAMR) breast cancer and the molecular mechanisms known to regulate the expression and function of metabolic enzymes and the respective metabolite levels upon tamoxifen treatment. It is anticipated that this in-depth analysis of specific metabolic pathways in TAMR cancer might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Mishra
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Anshuman Srivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Ankit Pateriya
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Manendra Singh Tomar
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Anand Kumar Mishra
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Center for Advance Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.
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SLC1A5 co-expression with TALDO1 associates with endocrine therapy failure in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:317-331. [PMID: 34282517 PMCID: PMC8357718 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Identification of effective biomarkers for the benefit of endocrine treatment and understanding the molecular pathways that contribute to the development of resistance are of crucial importance to the management of luminal breast cancer. The amino acid transporter SLC1A5 has emerging importance as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer. This study aims to investigate its role in luminal breast cancer as a potential predictive marker for endocrine treatment. Methods SLC1A5 expression was assessed at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in large, well-characterized cohorts of luminal breast cancer. The sensitivity to endocrine therapy after SLC1A5 knockdown was investigated in vitro, using MCF7 and MDA-MB-175 cell lines. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to study the interacting networks of SLC1A5 and to identify a key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5. Results Here, we showed that patients with tumors that highly expressed SLC1A5 associated with a high risk of relapse after endocrine treatment. In vitro, depletion of SLC1A5 increases the sensitivity of luminal breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. TALDO1 was identified as key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5, and in vitro knockdown of SLC1A5 showed reduction in TALDO1 expression. Indeed, TALDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients who were subject to endocrine therapy. Conclusion These findings suggest that metabolic alterations, particularly the interaction between the key amino acid transporter SLC1A5 and metabolic enzyme TALDO1, could affect the sensitivity of endocrine therapy. This study demonstrated the prognostic value of both SLC1A5 and TALDO1 as biomarkers in luminal breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06298-1.
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Sakata N, Shirakawa R, Goto K, Trinh DA, Horiuchi H. Double prenylation of SNARE protein Ykt6 is required for lysosomal hydrolase trafficking. J Biochem 2021; 169:363-370. [PMID: 33035318 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ykt6 is an evolutionarily conserved SNARE protein regulating Golgi membrane fusion and other diverse membrane trafficking pathways. Unlike most SNARE proteins, Ykt6 lacks a transmembrane domain but instead has a tandem cysteine motif at the C-terminus. Recently, we have demonstrated that Ykt6 undergoes double prenylation at the C-terminal two cysteines first by farnesyltransferase and then by a newly identified protein prenyltransferase named geranylgeranyltransferase type-III (GGTase-III). GGTase-III consists of a novel α subunit prenyltransferase alpha subunit repeat containing 1 (PTAR1) and the β subunit of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase. PTAR1 knockout (KO) cells, where Ykt6 is singly prenylated with a farnesyl moiety, exhibit structural and functional abnormalities in the Golgi apparatus with delayed intra-Golgi trafficking and impaired protein glycosylation. It remains unclear whether the second prenylation of Ykt6 is required for proper trafficking of lysosomal hydrolases from Golgi to lysosomes. Here, we show that lysosomal hydrolases, cathepsin D and β-hexosaminidase, were missorted at the trans-Golgi network and secreted into the extracellular space in PTAR1 KO cells. Moreover, maturation of these hydrolases was disturbed. LC3B, an autophagy marker, was accumulated in PTAR1 KO cells, suggesting defects in cellular degradation pathways. Thus, doubly prenylated Ykt6, but not singly prenylated Ykt6, is critical for the efficient sorting and trafficking of acid hydrolases to lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Sakata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kota Goto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Duc Anh Trinh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hisanori Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Ji F, Zhou M, Sun Z, Jiang Z, Zhu H, Xie Z, Ouyang X, Zhang L, Li L. Integrative proteomics reveals the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase SYVN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:1007-1023. [PMID: 34196494 PMCID: PMC8504139 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor metastasis is a major factor for poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the relationship between ubiquitination and metastasis need to be studied more systematically. We analyzed the ubiquitinome of HCC in this study to have a more comprehensive insight into human HCC metastasis. Methods The protein ubiquitination levels in 15 HCC specimens with vascular invasion and 15 without vascular invasion were detected by ubiquitinome. Proteins with significantly different ubiquitination levels between HCCs with and without vascular invasion were used to predict E3 ubiquitin ligases associated with tumor metastasis. The topological network of protein substrates and corresponding E3 ubiquitin ligases was constructed to identify the key E3 ubiquitin ligase. Besides, the growth, migration and invasion ability of LM3 and HUH7 hepatoma cell lines with and without SYVN1 expression interference were measured by cell proliferation assay, subcutaneous tumor assay, umphal vein endothelium tube formation assay, transwell migration and invasion assays. Finally, the interacting proteins of SYVN1 were screened and verified by protein interaction omics, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation. Ubiquitin levels of related protein substrates in LM3 and HUH7 cells were compared in negative control, SYVN1 knockdown, and SYVN1 overexpression groups. Results In this study, our whole‐cell proteomic dataset and ubiquitinomic dataset contained approximately 5600 proteins and 12,000 ubiquitinated sites. We discovered increased ubiquitinated sites with shorter ubiquitin chains during the progression of HCC metastasis. In addition, proteomic and ubiquitinomic analyses revealed that high expression of E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase SYVN1 is related with tumor metastasis. Furthermore, we found that SYVN1 interacted with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and impacted the ubiquitination of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (EEF2K). Conclusions The ubiquitination profiles of HCC with and without vascular invasion were significantly different. SYVN1 was the most important E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase responsible for this phenomenon, and it was related with tumor metastasis and growth. Therefore, SYVN1 might be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Menghao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China
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Saito Y, Soga T. Amino acid transporters as emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2958-2965. [PMID: 34091991 PMCID: PMC8353895 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are indispensable nutrients for both normal and cancer cells. Cancer cells are unable to synthesize essential amino acids as well as some non‐essential amino acids adequately to support rapid proliferation, and must take up amino acids from the surroundings. To meet the increased demand for the amino acid needed for proliferation, high levels of amino acid transporters are expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Cancer cells utilize amino acids to synthesize proteins and nucleotides, as well as to obtain energy. In addition, amino acids are known to play pathological roles in cancer cells. Interestingly, breast cancer cells limit the use of amino acids for cell proliferation based on amino acid availability, which depends on estrogen receptor status. Here, we present a summarized literature review of novel amino acid functions in cancer cells. This review organizes the available knowledge on 2 amino acid transporters, SLC7A5 and SLC7A11, which are considered essential for breast cancer cell growth in a cell‐dependent manner. In particular, we propose the glutamine recycling model to clarify the mechanism underlying aberrant SLC7A5 activation. Finally, we overview the pathological significances of SLC7A5 and SLC7A11 in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Saito
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
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Thompson C, Rahman MM, Singh S, Arthur S, Sierra-Bakhshi C, Russell R, Denning K, Sundaram U, Salisbury T. The Adipose Tissue-Derived Secretome (ADS) in Obesity Uniquely Induces L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) and mTOR Signaling in Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6706. [PMID: 34201429 PMCID: PMC8268498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). This risk is mediated by obesity-induced changes in the adipose-derived secretome (ADS). The pathogenesis of BC in obesity is stimulated by mTOR hyperactivity. In obesity, leucine might support mTOR hyperactivity. Leucine uptake by BC cells is through L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1). Our objective was to link obesity-ADS induction of LAT1 to the induction of mTOR signaling. Lean- and obese-ADS were obtained from lean and obese mice, respectively. Breast ADS was obtained from BC patients. Estrogen-receptor-positive BC cells were stimulated with ADS. LAT1 activity was determined by uptake of 3H-leucine. The LAT1/CD98 complex, and mTOR signaling were assayed by Western blot. The LAT1 antagonists, BCH and JPH203, were used to inhibit LAT1. Cell migration and invasion were measured by Transwell assays. The results showed obese-ADS-induced LAT1 activity by increasing transporter affinity for leucine. Consistent with this mechanism, LAT1 and CD98 expression were unchanged. Induction of mTOR by obese-ADS was inhibited by LAT1 antagonists. Breast ADS from patients with BMIs > 30 stimulated BC cell migration and invasiveness. Collectively, our findings show that obese-ADS induction of LAT1 supports mTOR hyperactivity in luminal BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (C.T.); (C.S.-B.)
| | - M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (U.S.)
| | - Soudamani Singh
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (U.S.)
| | - Subha Arthur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (U.S.)
| | - Cecilia Sierra-Bakhshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (C.T.); (C.S.-B.)
| | - Rebecca Russell
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (R.R.); (K.D.)
| | - Krista Denning
- Cabell Huntington Hospital Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (R.R.); (K.D.)
| | - Uma Sundaram
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (U.S.)
| | - Travis Salisbury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (C.T.); (C.S.-B.)
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences and Appalachian Clinical and Translational Science Institute and Appalachian Center for Cellular Transport in Obesity Related Disorders, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.); (S.A.); (U.S.)
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Yang Z, Yan G, Zheng L, Gu W, Liu F, Chen W, Cui X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Chen X, Fu Y, Xu X. YKT6, as a potential predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy response for oral squamous cell carcinoma, is related to cell invasion, metastasis, and CD8+ T cell infiltration. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1938890. [PMID: 34221701 PMCID: PMC8224202 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1938890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and immune suppression account for the poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). YKT6 is a member of the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family, and the effect of YKT6 in OSCC remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to explore promising prognostic and immune therapeutic candidate biomarkers for OSCC and to understand the expression pattern, prognostic value, immune effects, and biological functions of YKT6. Genes correlated with tumor metastasis and CD8 + T cell levels were identified by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Next, YKT6 was analyzed through differential expression, prognostic and machine learning analyses. The molecular and immune characteristics of YKT6 were analyzed in independent cohorts, clinical specimens, and in vitro. In addition, we investigated the role of YKT6 at the pan-cancer level. The results suggested that the red module in WGCNA, as a hub module, was associated with lymph node (LN) metastasis and CD8 + T cell infiltration. Upregulation of YKT6 was found in OSCC and linked to adverse prognosis. A nomogram model containing YKT6 expression and tumor stage was constructed for clinical practice. The aggressive and immune-inhibitory phenotypes showed YKT6 overexpression, and the effect of YKT6 on OSCC cell invasion and metastasis in vitro was observed. Moreover, the low expression of YKT6 was correlated with high CD8 + T cell levels and potential immunotherapy response in OSCC. Similar results were found at the pan-cancer level. In total, YKT6 is a promising candidate biomarker for prognosis, molecular, and immune characteristics in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongcheng Yang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxing Yan
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Cui
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Dias Gomes M, Iden S. Orchestration of tissue-scale mechanics and fate decisions by polarity signalling. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106787. [PMID: 33998017 PMCID: PMC8204866 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic development relies on dynamic cell shape changes and segregation of fate determinants to achieve coordinated compartmentalization at larger scale. Studies in invertebrates have identified polarity programmes essential for morphogenesis; however, less is known about their contribution to adult tissue maintenance. While polarity-dependent fate decisions in mammals utilize molecular machineries similar to invertebrates, the hierarchies and effectors can differ widely. Recent studies in epithelial systems disclosed an intriguing interplay of polarity proteins, adhesion molecules and mechanochemical pathways in tissue organization. Based on major advances in biophysics, genome editing, high-resolution imaging and mathematical modelling, the cell polarity field has evolved to a remarkably multidisciplinary ground. Here, we review emerging concepts how polarity and cell fate are coupled, with emphasis on tissue-scale mechanisms, mechanobiology and mammalian models. Recent findings on the role of polarity signalling for tissue mechanics, micro-environmental functions and fate choices in health and disease will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martim Dias Gomes
- CECAD Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cell and Developmental BiologyFaculty of MedicineCenter of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB)Saarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Sandra Iden
- CECAD Cluster of ExcellenceUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
- Cell and Developmental BiologyFaculty of MedicineCenter of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB)Saarland UniversityHomburgGermany
- CMMCUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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70
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Leng S, Xie F, Liu J, Shen J, Quan G, Wen T. LLGL2 Increases Ca 2+ Influx and Exerts Oncogenic Activities via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683629. [PMID: 34178676 PMCID: PMC8223678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lethal giant larvae (Lgl), scaffolding proteins, regulate the epithelial cell apicobasal polarity in Drosophila. They play important roles in asymmetric cell division, cell migration, and progenitor cells self-renewal as tumor suppressors. One of Lgl mammalian homologues proteins, LLGL2 overexpression has been reported in ER+ breast cancer and promotes tumor proliferation through regulating leucine uptake. Nonetheless, the role of LLGL2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown. Methods TCGA dataset mining, qRT-PCR, Western blot along with immunohistochemistry assays were employed to explore LLGL2 expression in human HCC samples and cell lines. Moreover, the clinical value of LLGL2 was investigated in 156 HCC patients. Furthermore, the role as well as the molecular mechanism of LLGL2 in the progression of HCC was explored through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results LLGL2 was up-regulated in HCC tissues, which was related with certain clinicopathological features including tumor number, vascular invasion as well as advanced stage. High expression of LLGL2 predicted poor prognosis after hepatectomy. LLGL2 promoted HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion through PI3K/ATK signaling by promoting calcium ion influx. Conclusion Our study identified that LLGL2 is a tumor promoter in HCC for the first time, which could potentially be utilized as a new biomarker and a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Leng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,General Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang City, Neijiang, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangqian Quan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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71
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Tobias DK, Chai B, Tamimi RM, Manson JE, Hu FB, Willett WC, Eliassen AH. Dietary Intake of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Breast Cancer Risk in the NHS and NHS II Prospective Cohorts. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab032. [PMID: 34632269 PMCID: PMC8494188 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids common throughout the US diet. Although circulating BCAAs have been implicated in insulin resistance and some obesity-related cancers, the relationship between dietary intake of BCAAs and incident breast cancer is unknown. We sought to evaluate the association between long-term dietary intakes of BCAAs and invasive breast cancer risk. Methods Our analyses included 196 161 women from the Nurses' Health Study and Nurses' Health Study II longitudinal cohorts. Average intakes of total and individual BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, valine) were estimated from repeated diet questionnaires and incident self-reported breast cancer cases were confirmed via medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for reproductive history, lifestyle, body mass index, and other breast cancer risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results We observed 10 046 incident cases of breast cancer over a median of 20.8 years of follow-up. No associations between dietary intakes of total or individual BCAAs with breast cancer risk were observed. Compared with women in the bottom quintile of BCAA intake, the hazard ratio of breast cancer for those in the top quintile was 1.05 (95% confidence interval = 0.98 to 1.12; 2-sided P trend = .20). Findings were consistent across molecular subtypes and according to type 2 diabetes diagnosis and body mass index categories. Conclusions Dietary intakes of BCAAs are not likely a risk factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boyang Chai
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of
Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School
of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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He W, Cheng F, Zheng B, Wang J, Zhao G, Yao Z, Zhang T. NUPR1 is a novel potential biomarker and confers resistance to sorafenib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by increasing stemness and targeting the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14015-14038. [PMID: 34030133 PMCID: PMC8202846 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorafenib can improve the survival of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. However, its benefits are modest, as patients eventually become resistant, and the mechanisms remain elusive. NUPR1, a stress-induced protein, has been reported in malignancies and functions as an oncogene by modulating the stress response, facilitating survival in harsh environments and conferring drug resistance. However, its role in ccRCC has not been explored. METHODS The expression and clinical significance of NUPR1 were analyzed in ccRCC patients in in-house patients and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. The biological functions of NUPR1 were investigated. Xenografts were performed to confirm the effects of NUPR1 on tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanism of NUPR1 was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS NUPR1 expression was upregulated in tumor tissue. Further analysis showed that NUPR1 overexpression was associated with an aggressive phenotype and predicted a poor prognosis. Depletion of NUPR1 suppressed tumorigenesis and sensitized cells to sorafenib treatment. Finally, mechanistic investigations indicated that NUPR1 promoted tumorigenesis in ccRCC by increasing stemness and activating the PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results suggest that NUPR1 may serve as a predictor of ccRCC. Notably, NUPR1 silencing reversed sorafenib resistance in ccRCC. These findings provide a novel potential therapeutic target in the clinical management of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fajuan Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guiting Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongshun Yao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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73
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Zhou Y, Sha Z, Yang Y, Wu S, Chen H. lncRNA NEAT1 regulates gastric carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis via the miR‑500a‑3p/XBP‑1 axis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:503. [PMID: 33982777 PMCID: PMC8134875 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a serious malignant tumor. Despite progression in gastric cancer research in recent years, the specific molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of the disease is not completely understood. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) affects the proliferation and metastasis of multiple types of tumor cells in colorectal cancer and breast cancer but its specific role in gastric cancer requires further investigation. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of NEAT1 in gastric cancer. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins and apoptosis-related proteins in gastric cancer tissue and cell lines was analyzed using western blotting. The targeting relationship of NEAT1 and miR-500a-3p was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed using CCK8 assay and colony formation assay while cell invasion was detected using Transwell assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using TUNEL staining and LC3 expression through immunofluorescent staining (IF). The results showed that lncRNA NEAT1-overexpression gastric cancer cells were established to determine its effects on cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Subsequently, microRNA (miR)-500a was overexpressed in lncRNA NEAT1-overexpression cells. Compared with the vector group, lncRNA NEAT1 overexpression significantly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion, but significantly promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the results indicated that lncRNA NEAT1 targeted and downregulated the expression of miR-500a-3p, and miR-500a-3p targeted X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) mRNA. lncRNA NEAT1 overexpression-mediated inhibition of gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion was significantly reversed by miR-500a-3p overexpression. Furthermore, compared with the vector group, the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (XBP-1S/XBP-1U ratio and 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and cleaved-caspase-3) were significantly upregulated by lncRNA NEAT1 overexpression; however, miR-500a-3p overexpression reversed lncRNA NEAT1 overexpression-mediated effects on protein expression. The present study demonstrated that lncRNA NEAT1 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion, and promoted apoptosis by regulating the miR-500a-3p/XBP-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Medical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghong Sha
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhu No. 1 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhu No. 1 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Shuimei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhu No. 1 People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Medical College of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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74
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Nachef M, Ali AK, Almutairi SM, Lee SH. Targeting SLC1A5 and SLC3A2/SLC7A5 as a Potential Strategy to Strengthen Anti-Tumor Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624324. [PMID: 33953707 PMCID: PMC8089370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are metabolically vigorous and are superior in the uptake of nutrients and in the release of the tumor microenvironment (TME)-specific metabolites. They create an acidic, hypoxic, and nutrient-depleted TME that makes it difficult for the cytotoxic immune cells to adapt to the metabolically hostile environment. Since a robust metabolism in immune cells is required for optimal anti-tumor effector functions, the challenges caused by the TME result in severe defects in the invasion and destruction of the established tumors. There have been many recent developments in NK and T cell-mediated immunotherapy, such as engineering them to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to enhance tumor-recognition and infiltration. However, to defeat the tumor and overcome the limitations of the TME, it is essential to fortify these novel therapies by improving the metabolism of the immune cells. One potential strategy to enhance the metabolic fitness of immune cells is to upregulate the expression of nutrient transporters, specifically glucose and amino acid transporters. In particular, the amino acid transporters SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 as well as the ancillary subunit SLC3A2, which are required for efficient uptake of glutamine and leucine respectively, could strengthen the metabolic capabilities and effector functions of tumor-directed CAR-NK and T cells. In addition to enabling the influx and efflux of essential amino acids through the plasma membrane and within subcellular compartments such as the lysosome and the mitochondria, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the amino acid transporters participate in sensing amino acid levels and thereby activate mTORC1, a master metabolic regulator that promotes cell metabolism, and induce the expression of c-Myc, a transcription factor essential for cell growth and proliferation. In this review, we discuss the regulatory pathways of these amino acid transporters and how we can take advantage of these processes to strengthen immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Nachef
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alaa Kassim Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,The University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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75
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Wu HT, Chen WT, Chen WJ, Li CL, Liu J. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that ANXA1 and SPINK5 are novel tumor suppressor genes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:1761-1772. [PMID: 35116500 PMCID: PMC8797995 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a solid tumor of squamous epithelial origin. Currently, surgery is still the main treatment for OSCC, with radiotherapy and chemotherapy as important adjuvant treatments. However, the problem of poor prognosis of OSCC patients still exists in clinical practice. To explore further potential biomarkers or treatment targets in OSCC patients, this study used a high-throughput gene expression database to study the potential molecular mechanisms of OSCC carcinogenesis. METHODS The GEO database related to OSCC was searched and analyzed using GEO2R. Oncomine and the Human Protein Atlas were used to evaluate the expression level of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). The cBioPortal dataset was used to analyze the mutations of the potential DEGs and patient survival. RESULTS Three GEO datasets, GSE146483, GSE138206, and GSE148944, were downloaded and 7 DEGs were found in common in OSCC tissues. Using Oncomine and the Human Protein Atlas, ANXA1, IL1RN, and SPINK5 were decreased in cancer tissues, while protein levels of APOE and IFI35 were increased accordingly. Interestingly, low levels of ANXA1 and SPINKS were associated with the TNM stage of OSCC patients. No mutations in DEGs were found in OSCC patients, based on the cBioPortal dataset. Survival analysis indicated OSCC patients with high MSR1 had poor overall survival (OS), while low expression of CXCR4, ANXA1, IL1RN, and SPINK5 also predicted poor OS in OSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncovered 7 potential biomarkers of OSCC patients, with ANXA1 and SPINK5 serving as potential tumor suppressor genes in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Tian Chen
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chun-Lan Li
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Chang Jiang Scholar’s Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer/Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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76
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Metabolic Reprogramming in Anticancer Drug Resistance: A Focus on Amino Acids. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:682-699. [PMID: 33736962 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming anticancer drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy, requiring innovative strategies that consider the extensive tumor heterogeneity and adaptability. We provide recent evidence highlighting the key role of amino acid (AA) metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and the supportive microenvironment in driving resistance to anticancer therapies. AAs sustain the acquisition of anticancer resistance by providing essential building blocks for biosynthetic pathways and for maintaining a balanced redox status, and modulating the epigenetic profile of both malignant and non-malignant cells. In addition, AAs support the reduced intrinsic susceptibility of cancer stem cells to antineoplastic therapies. These findings shed new light on the possibility of targeting nonresponding tumors by modulating AA availability through pharmacological or dietary interventions.
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77
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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78
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L-type amino acid transporter 1 is associated with chemoresistance in breast cancer via the promotion of amino acid metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:589. [PMID: 33436954 PMCID: PMC7803739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-FDG PET/CT has been used as an indicator of chemotherapy effects, but cancer cells can remain even when no FDG uptake is detected, indicating the importance of exploring other metabolomic pathways. Therefore, we explored the amino acid metabolism, including L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), in breast cancer tissues and clarified the role of LAT1 in therapeutic resistance and clinical outcomes of patients. We evaluated LAT1 expression before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and examined the correlation of glucose uptake using FDG-PET with the pathological response of patients. It revealed that LAT1 levels correlated with proliferation after chemotherapy, and amino acid and glucose metabolism were closely correlated. In addition, LAT1 was considered to be involved in treatment resistance and sensitivity only in luminal type breast cancer. Results of in vitro analyses revealed that LAT1 promoted amino acid uptake, which contributed to energy production by supplying amino acids to the TCA cycle. However, in MCF-7 cells treated with chemotherapeutic agents, oncometabolites and branched-chain amino acids also played a pivotal role in energy production and drug resistance, despite decreased glucose metabolism. In conclusion, LAT1 was involved in drug resistance and could be a novel therapeutic target against chemotherapy resistance in luminal type breast cancer.
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79
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Chen YY, Zhang XN, Xu CZ, Zhou DH, Chen J, Liu ZX, Sun Y, Huang W, Qu LS. MCCC2 promotes HCC development by supporting leucine oncogenic function. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33407468 PMCID: PMC7788835 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (MCCC2) in the development of tumors is well-established, and the involvement of leucine in the liver is well-known. However, the role of MCCC2 and the correlation between MCCC2 and leucine in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not yet been reported. Methods In this study, the Gepia database was used to evaluate the prognostic value of MCCC2 in HCC. The expression and localization of MCCC2 in HCC cells were determined by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 and transwell assays were carried out to explore the effect of MCCC2 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, mass spectrometry analysis was used to predict the potential cell function of MCCC2 in HCC. Results We found that the expression of MCCC2 increased in HCC tissues and that high expression of MCCC2 could predict poor outcomes in HCC patients. Knockdown expression of MCCC2 in HCC cells could reduce cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in vitro and could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vivo. Interestingly, we found that HCC cells transfected with MCCC2-sgRNA failed to respond to leucine deprivation. Meanwhile, leucine deprivation inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cells where MCCC2 was present rather than in cells where MCCC2 was absent. In addition, knockdown of MCCC2 significantly reduced the glycolysis markers, glucose consumption, lactate secretion, and acetyl-CoA level, which is a product of leucine metabolism. Furthermore, we found that MCCC2 promotes the activation of ERK. Profiling the MCCC2 binding proteins revealed that MCCC2-associated proteins are enriched in biological processes, such as protein metabolism, energy pathway, and metabolism in HCC cells. Conclusions Our findings revealed that MCCC2 plays a critical role in the development of HCC, and the leucine metabolism pathway might be a novel target in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue-Ning Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen-Zhou Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhao-Xiu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Blood Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Li-Shuai Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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80
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Najumudeen AK, Ceteci F, Fey SK, Hamm G, Steven RT, Hall H, Nikula CJ, Dexter A, Murta T, Race AM, Sumpton D, Vlahov N, Gay DM, Knight JRP, Jackstadt R, Leach JDG, Ridgway RA, Johnson ER, Nixon C, Hedley A, Gilroy K, Clark W, Malla SB, Dunne PD, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Critchlow SE, Mrowinska A, Malviya G, Solovyev D, Brown G, Lewis DY, Mackay GM, Strathdee D, Tardito S, Gottlieb E, Takats Z, Barry ST, Goodwin RJA, Bunch J, Bushell M, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. The amino acid transporter SLC7A5 is required for efficient growth of KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2021; 53:16-26. [PMID: 33414552 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic KRAS mutations and inactivation of the APC tumor suppressor co-occur in colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite efforts to target mutant KRAS directly, most therapeutic approaches focus on downstream pathways, albeit with limited efficacy. Moreover, mutant KRAS alters the basal metabolism of cancer cells, increasing glutamine utilization to support proliferation. We show that concomitant mutation of Apc and Kras in the mouse intestinal epithelium profoundly rewires metabolism, increasing glutamine consumption. Furthermore, SLC7A5, a glutamine antiporter, is critical for colorectal tumorigenesis in models of both early- and late-stage metastatic disease. Mechanistically, SLC7A5 maintains intracellular amino acid levels following KRAS activation through transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. This supports the increased demand for bulk protein synthesis that underpins the enhanced proliferation of KRAS-mutant cells. Moreover, targeting protein synthesis, via inhibition of the mTORC1 regulator, together with Slc7a5 deletion abrogates the growth of established Kras-mutant tumors. Together, these data suggest SLC7A5 as an attractive target for therapy-resistant KRAS-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatih Ceteci
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Georg Speyer Haus Institute for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sigrid K Fey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gregory Hamm
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory T Steven
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Holly Hall
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alex Dexter
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Teresa Murta
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Alan M Race
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - David M Gay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Københavns Universitet, BRIC, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH (HI-STEM), Division of Cancer Progression and Metastasis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Sudhir B Malla
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gavin Brown
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Saverio Tardito
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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81
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Quan L, Ohgaki R, Hara S, Okuda S, Wei L, Okanishi H, Nagamori S, Endou H, Kanai Y. Amino acid transporter LAT1 in tumor-associated vascular endothelium promotes angiogenesis by regulating cell proliferation and VEGF-A-dependent mTORC1 activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:266. [PMID: 33256804 PMCID: PMC7702703 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor angiogenesis is regarded as a rational anti-cancer target. The efficacy and indications of anti-angiogenic therapies in clinical practice, however, are relatively limited. Therefore, there still exists a demand for revealing the distinct characteristics of tumor endothelium that is crucial for the pathological angiogenesis. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is well known to be highly and broadly upregulated in tumor cells to support their growth and proliferation. In this study, we aimed to establish the upregulation of LAT1 as a novel general characteristic of tumor-associated endothelial cells as well, and to explore the functional relevance in tumor angiogenesis. METHODS Expression of LAT1 in tumor-associated endothelial cells was immunohistologically investigated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and xenograft- and syngeneic mouse tumor models. The effects of pharmacological and genetic ablation of endothelial LAT1 were examined in aortic ring assay, Matrigel plug assay, and mouse tumor models. The effects of LAT1 inhibitors and gene knockdown on cell proliferation, regulation of translation, as well as on the VEGF-A-dependent angiogenic processes and intracellular signaling were investigated in in vitro by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. RESULTS LAT1 was highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells of human PDA but not in normal pancreas. Similarly, high endothelial LAT1 expression was observed in mouse tumor models. The angiogenesis in ex/in vivo assays was suppressed by abrogating the function or expression of LAT1. Tumor growth in mice was significantly impaired through the inhibition of angiogenesis by targeting endothelial LAT1. LAT1-mediated amino acid transport was fundamental to support endothelial cell proliferation and translation initiation in vitro. Furthermore, LAT1 was required for the VEGF-A-dependent migration, invasion, tube formation, and activation of mTORC1, suggesting a novel cross-talk between pro-angiogenic signaling and nutrient-sensing in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the endothelial LAT1 is a novel key player in tumor angiogenesis, which regulates proliferation, translation, and pro-angiogenic VEGF-A signaling. This study furthermore indicates a new insight into the dual functioning of LAT1 in tumor progression both in tumor cells and stromal endothelium. Therapeutic inhibition of LAT1 may offer an ideal option to potentiate anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Quan
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Hara
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.,Present address: School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shushi Nagamori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, 634-8521, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- J-Pharma Co., Ltd, Yokohama, 230-0046, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.
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82
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Karuna M P, Witte L, Linnemannstoens K, Choezom D, Danieli-Mackay A, Honemann-Capito M, Gross JC. Phosphorylation of Ykt6 SNARE Domain Regulates Its Membrane Recruitment and Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111560. [PMID: 33207719 PMCID: PMC7696345 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are important mediators of protein trafficking that regulate the membrane fusion of specific vesicle populations and their target organelles. The SNARE protein Ykt6 lacks a transmembrane domain and attaches to different organelle membranes. Mechanistically, Ykt6 activity is thought to be regulated by a conformational change from a closed cytosolic form to an open membrane-bound form, yet the mechanism that regulates this transition is unknown. We identified phosphorylation sites in the SNARE domain of Ykt6 that mediate Ykt6 membrane recruitment and are essential for cellular growth. Using proximity-dependent labeling and membrane fractionation, we found that phosphorylation regulates Ykt6 conversion from a closed to an open conformation. This conformational switch recruits Ykt6 to several organelle membranes, where it functionally regulates the trafficking of Wnt proteins and extracellular vesicle secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. We propose that phosphorylation of its SNARE domain leads to a conformational switch from a cytosolic, auto-inhibited Ykt6 to an active SNARE at different membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradhipa Karuna M
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (P.K.M.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (D.C.); (A.D.-M.); (M.H.-C.)
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Witte
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (P.K.M.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (D.C.); (A.D.-M.); (M.H.-C.)
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Karen Linnemannstoens
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (P.K.M.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (D.C.); (A.D.-M.); (M.H.-C.)
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Dolma Choezom
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (P.K.M.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (D.C.); (A.D.-M.); (M.H.-C.)
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Adi Danieli-Mackay
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (P.K.M.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (D.C.); (A.D.-M.); (M.H.-C.)
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mona Honemann-Capito
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (P.K.M.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (D.C.); (A.D.-M.); (M.H.-C.)
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia Christina Gross
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; (P.K.M.); (L.W.); (K.L.); (D.C.); (A.D.-M.); (M.H.-C.)
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, 14471 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
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83
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Balcioglu O, Heinz RE, Freeman DW, Gates BL, Hagos BM, Booker E, Mirzaei Mehrabad E, Diesen HT, Bhakta K, Ranganathan S, Kachi M, Leblanc M, Gray PC, Spike BT. CRIPTO antagonist ALK4 L75A-Fc inhibits breast cancer cell plasticity and adaptation to stress. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:125. [PMID: 33187540 PMCID: PMC7664111 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRIPTO is a multi-functional signaling protein that promotes stemness and oncogenesis. We previously developed a CRIPTO antagonist, ALK4L75A-Fc, and showed that it causes loss of the stem cell phenotype in normal mammary epithelia suggesting it may similarly inhibit CRIPTO-dependent plasticity in breast cancer cells. METHODS We focused on two triple negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) to measure the effects of ALK4L75A-Fc on cancer cell behavior under nutrient deprivation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We characterized the proliferation and migration of these cells in vitro using time-lapse microscopy and characterized stress-dependent changes in the levels and distribution of CRIPTO signaling mediators and cancer stem cell markers. We also assessed the effects of ALK4L75A-Fc on proliferation, EMT, and stem cell markers in vivo as well as on tumor growth and metastasis using inducible lentiviral delivery or systemic administration of purified ALK4L75A-Fc, which represents a candidate therapeutic approach. RESULTS ALK4L75A-Fc inhibited adaptive responses of breast cancer cells under conditions of nutrient and ER stress and reduced their proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and expression of EMT and cancer stem cell markers. ALK4L75A-Fc also inhibited proliferation of human breast cancer cells in stressed tumor microenvironments in xenografts and reduced both primary tumor size and metastatic burden. CONCLUSIONS Cancer cell adaptation to stresses such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and chemotherapy can critically contribute to dormancy, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence. Identifying mechanisms that govern cellular adaptation, plasticity, and the emergence of stem-like cancer cells may be key to effective anticancer therapies. Results presented here indicate that targeting CRIPTO with ALK4L75A-Fc may have potential as such a therapy since it inhibits breast cancer cell adaptation to microenvironmental challenges and associated stem-like and EMT phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlen Balcioglu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Richard E Heinz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - David W Freeman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Brooke L Gates
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Berhane M Hagos
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Evan Booker
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Hyrum T Diesen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kishan Bhakta
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Supraja Ranganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Masami Kachi
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mathias Leblanc
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter C Gray
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Present Address: Biotheranostics Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Benjamin T Spike
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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84
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Abstract
PURPOSE Amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) expression is known to be involved in the initiation and progression of malignant breast cancer (BC), but its prognostic role remains uncertain. This meta-analysis assessed reported studies to evaluate this relationship. METHODS Electronic databases were systematically reviewed to collect eligible studies using pre-established criteria. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the impact of AIB1 protein expression on overall survival (OS) and clinicopathologic properties of BC cases. RESULTS Nine eligible studies, including 6774 patients, were finally assessed by the current clinical meta-analysis. AIB1 positivity correlated with reduced OS (pooled HR = 1.409, 95% CI 1.159-1.714, P = .001). AIB1 overexpression also impacted prognosis as shown by univariate (pooled HR = 1.420, 95% CI 1.154-1.747, P = .001) and multivariate (pooled HR = 1.446, 95% CI 1.099-1.956; P = .009) analyses. Notably, subgroup analyses also revealed that AIB1 overexpression was associated with poor OS in some subgroups, such as ER-positive group (pooled HR = 1.511, 95% CI 1.138-2.006, P = .004), ER-positive without tamoxifen administration group (pooled HR = 2.338, 95% CI 1.489-3.627, P < .001), and premenopausal women group (pooled HR = 1.715, 95% CI 1.231-2.390, P = .001). Additionally, high AIB1 protein levels were associated with HER2 positivity (pooled OR = 0.331, 95% CI 0.245-0.448; P < .001), poorly differentiated histological grade (pooled OR = 0.377, 95% CI 0.317-0.448; P < .001), high Ki67 (pooled OR = 0.501, 95% CI 0.410-0.612; P < .001), presence of lymph node metastases (pooled OR = 0.866, 95% CI 0.752-0.997; P = .045), and absence of progesterone receptor (pooled OR = 1.447, 95% CI 1.190-1.759; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrated that AIB1 overexpression is related to aggressive phenotypes and unfavorable clinical outcomes in BC, and might involve in tamoxifen resistance. AIB1 may be a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Jingting Liu
- Department of Emergency, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Mengci Yuan
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Chunyan Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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85
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Tobias DK, Hazra A, Lawler PR, Chandler PD, Chasman DI, Buring JE, Lee IM, Cheng S, Manson JE, Mora S. Circulating branched-chain amino acids and long-term risk of obesity-related cancers in women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16534. [PMID: 33024201 PMCID: PMC7539150 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for > 13 cancer sites, although it is unknown whether there is a common mechanism across sites. Evidence suggests a role for impaired branched-chain amino acid (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, valine) metabolism in obesity, insulin resistance, and immunity; thus, we hypothesized circulating BCAAs may be associated with incident obesity-related cancers. We analyzed participants in the prospective Women’s Health Study without a history of cancer at baseline blood collection (N = 26,711, mean age = 54.6 years [SD = 7.1]). BCAAs were quantified via NMR spectroscopy, log-transformed, and standardized. We used Cox proportional regression models adjusted for age, race, smoking, diet, alcohol, physical activity, menopausal hormone use, Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes, and other risk factors. The endpoint was a composite of obesity-related cancers, defined per the International Agency for Research on Cancer 2016 report, over a median 24 years follow-up. Baseline BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 compared with BMI 18.5–25.0 kg/m2 was associated with 23% greater risk of obesity-related cancers (n = 2751 events; multivariable HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.37). However, BCAAs were not associated with obesity-related cancers (multivariable HR per SD = 1.01 [0.97–1.05]). Results for individual BCAA metabolites suggested a modest association for leucine with obesity-related cancers (1.04 [1.00–1.08]), and no association for isoleucine or valine (0.99 [0.95–1.03] and 1.00 [0.96–1.04], respectively). Exploratory analyses of BCAAs with individual sites included positive associations between leucine and postmenopausal breast cancer, and isoleucine with pancreatic cancer. Total circulating BCAAs were unrelated to obesity-related cancer incidence although an association was observed for leucine with incident obesity-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aditi Hazra
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patrick R Lawler
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paulette D Chandler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center and Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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86
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Okano N, Hana K, Naruge D, Kawai K, Kobayashi T, Nagashima F, Endou H, Furuse J. Biomarker Analyses in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Treated With the LAT1 Inhibitor JPH203. In Vivo 2020; 34:2595-2606. [PMID: 32871789 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Amino acids are among the most important nutrients for supplying energy and building protein blocks in cancers. L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 is known to play a critical role in cancer growth. We have completed the first-in-human phase I study using the LAT1-specific inhibitor JPH203. PATIENTS AND METHODS We evaluated plasma free amino acids (PFAAs), body mass index (BMI), and efficacy of JPH203 in patients enrolled in the phase I study. RESULTS LAT1-substrate PFAAs and branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) were higher in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) than in those with other cancers. High inhibition of uptake of LAT1-substrate PFAAs was associated with survival. BMI of more than the median was associated with disease control and survival. BCAAs tended to be associated with BMI. CONCLUSION BCAAs and BMI are useful predictors of the efficacy of JPH203, which shows promising activity against BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Naruge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirio Kawai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Nagashima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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87
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Li J, Xue H, Xiang Z, Song S, Yan R, Ji J, Zhu Z, Wei C, Yu Y. Genetic Profiles Affect the Biological Effects of Serine on Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1183. [PMID: 32848786 PMCID: PMC7411129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high serine content in body fluid was identified in a portion of patients with gastric cancer, but its biological significance was not clear. Here, we investigated the biological effect of serine on gastric cancer cells. Serine was added into the culture medium of MGC803 and HGC27 cancer cells, and its influence on multiple biological functions, such as cell growth, migration and invasion, and drug resistance was analyzed. We examined the global transcriptomic profiles in these cultured cells with high serine content. Both MGC803 and HGC27 cell lines were originated from male patients, however, their basal gene expression patterns were very different. The finding of cell differentiation-associated genes, ALPI, KRT18, TM4SF1, KRT81, A2M, MT1E, MUC16, BASP1, TUSC3, and PRSS21 in MGC803 cells suggested that this cell line was more poorly differentiated, compared to HGC27 cell line. When the serine concentration was increased to 150mg/ml in medium, the response of these two gastric cancer cell lines was different, particularly on cell growth, cell migration, and invasion and 5-FU resistance. In animal experiment, administration of high concentration of serine promoted cancer cell metastasis to local lymph node. Taken together, we characterized the basal gene expressing profiles of MGC803 and HGC27. The HGC27 cells were more differentiated than MGC803 cells. MGC803 cells were more sensitive to the change of serine content. Our results suggested that the responsiveness of cancer cells to microenvironmental change is associated with their genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhang Xue
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzheng Song
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranlin Yan
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaochun Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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88
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Linnemannstöns K, Witte L, Karuna M P, Kittel JC, Danieli A, Müller D, Nitsch L, Honemann-Capito M, Grawe F, Wodarz A, Gross JC. Ykt6-dependent endosomal recycling is required for Wnt secretion in the Drosophila wing epithelium. Development 2020; 147:dev.185421. [PMID: 32611603 PMCID: PMC7438013 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphogens are important signalling molecules for tissue development and their secretion requires tight regulation. In the wing imaginal disc of flies, the morphogen Wnt/Wingless is apically presented by the secreting cell and re-internalized before final long-range secretion. Why Wnt molecules undergo these trafficking steps and the nature of the regulatory control within the endosomal compartment remain unclear. Here, we have investigated how Wnts are sorted at the level of endosomes by the versatile v-SNARE Ykt6. Using in vivo genetics, proximity-dependent proteomics and in vitro biochemical analyses, we show that most Ykt6 is present in the cytosol, but can be recruited to de-acidified compartments and recycle Wnts to the plasma membrane via Rab4-positive recycling endosomes. Thus, we propose a molecular mechanism by which producing cells integrate and leverage endocytosis and recycling via Ykt6 to coordinate extracellular Wnt levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Linnemannstöns
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Leonie Witte
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Pradhipa Karuna M
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jeanette Clarissa Kittel
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Adi Danieli
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Denise Müller
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lena Nitsch
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Mona Honemann-Capito
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany.,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Grawe
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne 50931, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Wodarz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne 50931, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne 50931, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Christina Gross
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany .,Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen 37077, Germany
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89
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Wu Z, Lim HK, Tan SJ, Gautam A, Hou HW, Ng KW, Tan NS, Tay CY. Potent-By-Design: Amino Acids Mimicking Porous Nanotherapeutics with Intrinsic Anticancer Targeting Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003757. [PMID: 32686344 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous sources of amino acids are essential nutrients to fuel cancer growth. Here, the increased demand for amino acid displayed by cancer cells is unconventionally exploited as a design principle to replete cancer cells with apoptosis inducing nanoscopic porous amino acid mimics (Nano-PAAM). A small library consisting of nine essential amino acids nanoconjugates (30 nm) are synthesized, and the in vitro anticancer activity is evaluated. Among the Nano-PAAMs, l-phenylalanine functionalized Nano-PAAM (Nano-pPAAM) has emerged as a novel nanotherapeutics with excellent intrinsic anticancer and cancer-selective properties. The therapeutic efficacy of Nano-pPAAM against a panel of human breast, gastric, and skin cancer cells could be ascribed to the specific targeting of the overexpressed human large neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A5 (LAT-1) in cancer cells, and its intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducing properties of the nanoporous core. At the mechanistic level, it is revealed that Nano-pPAAM could activate both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways to exert a potent "double-whammy" anticancer effect. The potential clinical utility of Nano-pPAAM is further investigated using an MDA-MB-231 xenograft in NOD scid gamma mice, where an overall suppression of tumor growth by 60% is achieved without the aid of any drugs or application of external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Kit Lim
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shao Jie Tan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Archana Gautam
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
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Alfarsi LH, El Ansari R, Masisi BK, Parks R, Mohammed OJ, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. Integrated Analysis of Key Differentially Expressed Genes Identifies DBN1 as a Predictive Marker of Response to Endocrine Therapy in Luminal Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061549. [PMID: 32545448 PMCID: PMC7352383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of adjuvant treatment for patients with luminal breast cancer. Despite ongoing advances in endocrine therapy to date, a proportion of patients ultimately develop endocrine resistance, resulting in failure of therapy and poor prognosis. Therefore, as part of the growing concept of personalised medicine, the need for identification of predictive markers of endocrine therapy response at an early stage, is recognised. The METABRIC series was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in term of response to adjuvant endocrine therapy. Drebrin 1 (DBN1) was identified as a key DEG associated with response to hormone treatment. Next, large, well-characterised cohorts of primary luminal breast cancer with long-term follow-up were assessed at the mRNA and protein levels for the value of DBN1 as a prognostic marker in luminal breast cancer, as well as its potential for predicting the benefit of endocrine therapy. DBN1 positivity was associated with aggressive clinicopathological variables and poor patient outcomes. Importantly, high DBN1 expression predicted relapse patients who were subject to adjuvant endocrine treatment. Our results further demonstrate that DBN1 is an independent prognostic marker in luminal breast cancer. Its association with the response to endocrine therapy and outcome provides evidence for DBN1 as a potential biomarker in luminal breast cancer, particularly for the benefit of endocrine treatment. Further functional investigations into the mechanisms underlying sensitivity to endocrine therapy is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfi H. Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Rokaya El Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Brendah K. Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Ruth Parks
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Omar J Mohammed
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.H.A.); (R.E.A.); (B.K.M.); (R.P.); (O.J.M.); (I.O.E.); (E.A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-115-8231407
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91
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Lan X, Wu N, Wu L, Qu K, Osoro EK, Guan D, Du X, Wang B, Chen S, Miao J, Ren J, Liu L, Li H, Ning Q, Li D, Lu S. The Human Novel Gene LNC-HC Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation by Sequestering hsa-miR-183-5p. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:468-479. [PMID: 32278306 PMCID: PMC7150434 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated the aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in carcinogenesis and their universal regulatory properties. A thorough understanding of lncRNA regulatory roles in HCC pathology would contribute to HCC prevention and treatment. In this study, we identified a novel human lncRNA, LNC-HC, with significantly reduced levels in hepatic tumors from patients with HCC. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dimethyltetrazolium bromide) assays as well as colony formation and wound healing experiments showed that LNC-HC significantly inhibited the proliferation of the HCC cell line Huh7. Xenograft transplantation of LNC-HC-overexpressing Huh7 cells in nude mice resulted in the production of smaller tumors. Mechanistically, LNC-HC inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells by directly interacting with hsa-miR-183-5p. LNC-HC rescued the expression of five tumor suppressors, including AKAP12, DYRK2, FOXN3, FOXO1, and LATS2, that were verified as target genes of hsa-miR-183-5p. Overall, human LNC-HC was identified as a novel tumor suppressor that could inhibit HCC cell proliferation in vitro and suppress tumor growth in vivo by competitively binding hsa-miR-183-5p as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). These findings suggest that LNC-HC could be a biomarker of HCC and provide a novel therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ezra Kombo Osoro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxian Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qilan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of the Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, China.
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92
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Eguchi T, Sogawa C, Ono K, Matsumoto M, Tran MT, Okusha Y, Lang BJ, Okamoto K, Calderwood SK. Cell Stress Induced Stressome Release Including Damaged Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular HSP90 by Prostate Cancer Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030755. [PMID: 32204513 PMCID: PMC7140686 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit therapeutic stress resistance-associated secretory phenotype involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as oncosomes and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Such a secretory phenotype occurs in response to cell stress and cancer therapeutics. HSPs are stress-responsive molecular chaperones promoting proper protein folding, while also being released from cells with EVs as well as a soluble form known as alarmins. We have here investigated the secretory phenotype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells using proteome analysis. We have also examined the roles of the key co-chaperone CDC37 in the release of EV proteins including CD9 and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key event in tumor progression. EVs derived from CRPC cells promoted EMT in normal prostate epithelial cells. Some HSP family members and their potential receptor CD91/LRP1 were enriched at high levels in CRPC cell-derived EVs among over 700 other protein types found by mass spectrometry. The small EVs (30-200 nm in size) were released even in a non-heated condition from the prostate cancer cells, whereas the EMT-coupled release of EVs (200-500 nm) and damaged membrane vesicles with associated HSP90α was increased after heat shock stress (HSS). GAPDH and lactate dehydrogenase, a marker of membrane leakage/damage, were also found in conditioned media upon HSS. During this stress response, the intracellular chaperone CDC37 was transcriptionally induced by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which activated the CDC37 core promoter, containing an interspecies conserved heat shock element. In contrast, knockdown of CDC37 decreased EMT-coupled release of CD9-containing vesicles. Triple siRNA targeting CDC37, HSP90α, and HSP90β was required for efficient reduction of this chaperone trio and to reduce tumorigenicity of the CRPC cells in vivo. Taken together, we define "stressome" as cellular stress-induced all secretion products, including EVs (200-500 nm), membrane-damaged vesicles and remnants, and extracellular HSP90 and GAPDH. Our data also indicated that CDC37 is crucial for the release of vesicular proteins and tumor progression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (S.K.C.); Tel.: +81-86-235-6662 (T.E.); +1-617-735-2947 (S.K.C.)
| | - Chiharu Sogawa
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Kisho Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-0914, Japan;
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Manh Tien Tran
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Benjamin J. Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan; (C.S.); (M.T.T.); (Y.O.); (K.O.)
| | - Stuart K. Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (S.K.C.); Tel.: +81-86-235-6662 (T.E.); +1-617-735-2947 (S.K.C.)
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93
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A Novel Model of Cancer Drug Resistance: Oncosomal Release of Cytotoxic and Antibody-Based Drugs. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030047. [PMID: 32150875 PMCID: PMC7150871 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes or oncosomes, often carry oncogenic molecules derived from tumor cells. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that tumor cells can eject anti-cancer drugs such as chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs within EVs, a novel mechanism of drug resistance. The EV-releasing drug resistance phenotype is often coupled with cellular dedifferentiation and transformation in cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the adoption of a cancer stem cell phenotype. The release of EVs is also involved in immunosuppression. Herein, we address different aspects by which EVs modulate the tumor microenvironment to become resistant to anticancer and antibody-based drugs, as well as the concept of the resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP).
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94
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Metabolomics Analysis of Laparoscopic Surgery Combined with Wuda Granule to Promote Rapid Recovery of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5068268. [PMID: 32104193 PMCID: PMC7040410 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5068268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Surgery is the primary curative treatment for patients with nonmetastasized colorectal cancer (CRC). Rate of complications, morbidity, mortality, and overall survival of patients with CRC are factors associated with speed of recovery following surgery. Wuda granule (WD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription used to promote rapid recovery after surgery. However, the specific mechanism of action of WD has not been characterized. Our study included 60 patients with clear histopathological evidence of colon or rectal cancer who underwent CRC laparoscopic surgery and 30 healthy individuals. Serum biochemistry and clinical evaluation of gastrointestinal function showed that WD could improve the nutritional status and gastrointestinal function and reduce the level of inflammation of patients with CRC following laparoscopic surgery. In addition, we used UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis to determine the mechanism of WD-related rapid recovery following laparoscopic surgery in patients with CRC. Twenty metabolites associated with arachidonic acid, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, α-linolenic acid, pyruvate, histidine, and glycerophospholipids were identified. The results suggested that the therapeutic mechanism of laparoscopic surgery combined with WD may be related to regulation of nutritional status, inflammation, immune function, energy, and gastrointestinal function in patients with CRC. This study also highlighted the ability of TCM compounds to interact with multiple targets to induce synergistic effects. This study may result in further studies of WD as a therapeutic agent to promote recovery following surgical resection of CRC tumors.
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95
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Wu HT, Zhong HT, Li GW, Shen JX, Ye QQ, Zhang ML, Liu J. Oncogenic functions of the EMT-related transcription factor ZEB1 in breast cancer. J Transl Med 2020; 18:51. [PMID: 32014049 PMCID: PMC6998212 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1, also termed TCF8 and δEF1) is a crucial member of the zinc finger-homeodomain transcription factor family, originally identified as a binding protein of the lens-specific δ1-crystalline enhancer and is a pivotal transcription factor in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. ZEB1 also plays a vital role in embryonic development and cancer progression, including breast cancer progression. Increasing evidence suggests that ZEB1 stimulates tumor cells with mesenchymal traits and promotes multidrug resistance, proliferation, and metastasis, indicating the importance of ZEB1-induced EMT in cancer development. ZEB1 expression is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and components, including TGF-β, β-catenin, miRNA and other factors. Here, we summarize the recent discoveries of the functions and mechanisms of ZEB1 to understand the role of ZEB1 in EMT regulation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Hui-Ting Zhong
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Guan-Wu Li
- Open Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Ye
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Man-Li Zhang
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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96
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Hargadon KM. Tumor microenvironmental influences on dendritic cell and T cell function: A focus on clinically relevant immunologic and metabolic checkpoints. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:374-411. [PMID: 32508018 PMCID: PMC7240858 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is fast becoming one of the most promising means of treating malignant disease. Cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade have all shown varying levels of success in the clinical management of several cancer types in recent years. However, despite the clinical benefits often achieved by these regimens, an ongoing problem for many patients is the inherent or acquired resistance of their cancer to immunotherapy. It is now appreciated that dendritic cells and T lymphocytes both play key roles in antitumor immune responses and that the tumor microenvironment presents a number of barriers to the function of these cells that can ultimately limit the success of immunotherapy. In particular, the engagement of several immunologic and metabolic checkpoints within the hostile tumor microenvironment can severely compromise the antitumor functions of these important immune populations. This review highlights work from both preclinical and clinical studies that has shaped our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its influence on dendritic cell and T cell function. It focuses on clinically relevant targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies that have emerged from these studies in an effort to prevent or overcome immune subversion within the tumor microenvironment. Emphasis is also placed on the potential of next-generation combinatorial regimens that target metabolic and immunologic impediments to dendritic cell and T lymphocyte function as strategies to improve antitumor immune reactivity and the clinical outcome of cancer immunotherapy going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian M. Hargadon
- Hargadon LaboratoryDepartment of BiologyHampden‐Sydney CollegeHampden‐SydneyVirginiaUSA
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97
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Catterall R, Lelarge V, McCaffrey L. Genetic alterations of epithelial polarity genes are associated with loss of polarity in invasive breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1578-1591. [PMID: 31577845 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for women. The stepwise development of breast cancer through preinvasive to invasive disease is associated with progressive disruption of cellular and tissue organization. Apical-basal polarity is thought to be a barrier to breast cancer development, but the extent and potential mechanisms that contribute to disrupted polarity are incompletely understood. To investigate the cell polarity status of invasive breast cancers, we performed multiplex imaging of polarity markers on tissue cores from 432 patients from a spectrum of grades, stages and molecular subtypes. Apical-basal cell polarity was lost in 100% of cells in all cases studied, indicating that loss of epithelial polarity may be a universal feature of invasive breast cancer. We then analyzed genomic events from the TCGA dataset for an 18-gene set of core polarity genes. Coamplification of polarity genes with established breast oncogenes was found, which is consistent with functional cooperation within signaling amplicons. Gene-expression levels of several polarity genes were significantly associated with survival, and protein localization of Par6 correlated with higher grade, nodal metastasis and molecular subtype. Finally, multiple hotspot mutations in protein-protein interaction domains critical for cell polarity were identified. Our data indicate that genomic events likely contribute to pervasive disruption of epithelial polarity observed in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Catterall
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Lelarge
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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98
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Abstract
Cancer is a catabolic inflammatory disease that causes patients to often experience weight loss, or even cachexia in severe cases. Undernourishment in patients with cancer impairs the quality of life and therapeutic response, further leading to poor prognosis. Active and frequent nutritional screening and assessment using valid tools are important for fast and appropriate nutritional intervention. Additionally, a suitable individualized nutritional intervention strategy should be established based on the nutritional assessment result. In general, nutritional intervention begins with nutritional counseling of patients diagnosed with cancer, and a well-planned nutritional counseling improves the treatment adherence and nutritional status. When planning nutritional supplementation for cancer patients, specific nutrients, including amino acids and fatty acids, should be considered. However, there has been no consistent result showing that any particular nutrient significantly improves the prognosis of cancer patients. Hence, continuous attention from clinical physicians is needed to plan nutritional improvement in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk Hwan Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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99
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Fomicheva M, Tross EM, Macara IG. Polarity proteins in oncogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:26-30. [PMID: 31509786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Most human cancers arise from epithelial tissues, which are apical-basally polarized and possess intercellular adhesive junctions. Epithelial cells grow to characteristic densities, often from proliferative progenitors, which arrest as they mature. Homeostatic mechanisms can maintain this characteristic density if it is exceeded (crowding) or is too low (e.g. in response to wounding). During tumor initiation and progression this homeostatic mechanism is lost. Some aspects of cell polarity are also lost, although many carcinomas retain intercellular junctions and even apical domains. In other cases, and particularly in recurrent tumors, however, the cells become predominantly mesenchymal. A major question, still only incompletely answered, is whether the proteins that determine cell polarity function as tumor suppressors or tumor promoters. Here we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of polarity proteins and homeostasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fomicheva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37424, USA
| | - Erica M Tross
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37424, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37424, USA.
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Bacci M, Lorito N, Ippolito L, Ramazzotti M, Luti S, Romagnoli S, Parri M, Bianchini F, Cappellesso F, Virga F, Gao Q, Simões BM, Marangoni E, Martin LA, Comito G, Ferracin M, Giannoni E, Mazzone M, Chiarugi P, Morandi A. Reprogramming of Amino Acid Transporters to Support Aspartate and Glutamate Dependency Sustains Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 28:104-118.e8. [PMID: 31269432 PMCID: PMC6616584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy (ET) is the standard of care for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Despite its efficacy, ∼40% of women relapse with ET-resistant (ETR) disease. A global transcription analysis in ETR cells reveals a downregulation of the neutral and basic amino acid transporter SLC6A14 governed by enhanced miR-23b-3p expression, resulting in impaired amino acid metabolism. This altered amino acid metabolism in ETR cells is supported by the activation of autophagy and the enhanced import of acidic amino acids (aspartate and glutamate) mediated by the SLC1A2 transporter. The clinical significance of these findings is validated by multiple orthogonal approaches in a large cohort of ET-treated patients, in patient-derived xenografts, and in in vivo experiments. Targeting these amino acid metabolic dependencies resensitizes ETR cells to therapy and impairs the aggressive features of ETR cells, offering predictive biomarkers and potential targetable pathways to be exploited to combat or delay ETR in ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Nicla Lorito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Simone Romagnoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Federica Cappellesso
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Federico Virga
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Qiong Gao
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Bruno M Simões
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Division of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Paris 75248, France
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Giuseppina Comito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Andrea Morandi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy.
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