51
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Han SJ, Jain P, Gilad Y, Xia Y, Sung N, Park MJ, Dean AM, Lanz RB, Xu J, Dacso CC, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is a key modulator of regulatory T cell-mediated tumor evasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221707120. [PMID: 37253006 PMCID: PMC10266015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221707120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is most strongly expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and B cells, suggesting that it plays an important role in the regulation of Treg function. Using an aggressive E0771 mouse breast cell line syngeneic immune-intact murine model, we observed that breast tumors were "permanently eradicated" in a genetically engineered tamoxifen-inducible Treg-cell-specific SRC-3 knockout (KO) female mouse that does not possess a systemic autoimmune pathological phenotype. A similar eradication of tumor was noted in a syngeneic model of prostate cancer. A subsequent injection of additional E0771 cancer cells into these mice showed continued resistance to tumor development without the need for tamoxifen induction to produce additional SRC-3 KO Tregs. SRC-3 KO Tregs were highly proliferative and preferentially infiltrated into breast tumors by activating the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (Ccl) 19/Ccl21/chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (Ccr)7 signaling axis, generating antitumor immunity by enhancing the interferon-γ/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (Cxcl) 9 signaling axis to facilitate the entrance and function of effector T cells and natural killer cells. SRC-3 KO Tregs also show a dominant effect by blocking the immune suppressive function of WT Tregs. Importantly, a single adoptive transfer of SRC-3 KO Tregs into wild-type E0771 tumor-bearing mice can completely abolish preestablished breast tumors by generating potent antitumor immunity with a durable effect that prevents tumor reoccurrence. Therefore, treatment with SRC-3-deleted Tregs represents an approach to completely block tumor growth and recurrence without the autoimmune side effects that typically accompany immune checkpoint modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Prashi Jain
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Yosef Gilad
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Nuri Sung
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Adam M. Dean
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Rainer B. Lanz
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Clifford C. Dacso
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - David M. Lonard
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Bert W. O'Malley
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Nuclear Receptor, Transcription and Chromatin Biology Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
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52
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Hirano M, Galarza-Muñoz G, Nagasawa C, Schott G, Wang L, Antonia AL, Jain V, Yu X, Widen SG, Briggs FBS, Gregory SG, Ko DC, Fagg WS, Bradrick S, Garcia-Blanco MA. The RNA helicase DDX39B activates FOXP3 RNA splicing to control T regulatory cell fate. eLife 2023; 12:e76927. [PMID: 37261960 PMCID: PMC10234631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified, but their functions are incompletely understood. One of these genes codes for the RNA helicase DExD/H-Box Polypeptide 39B (DDX39B), which shows genetic and functional epistasis with interleukin-7 receptor-α gene (IL7R) in MS-risk. Based on evolutionary and functional arguments, we postulated that DDX39B enhances immune tolerance thereby decreasing MS risk. Consistent with such a role we show that DDX39B controls the expression of many MS susceptibility genes and important immune-related genes. Among these we identified Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), which codes for the master transcriptional factor in CD4+/CD25+ T regulatory cells. DDX39B knockdown led to loss of immune-regulatory and gain of immune-effector expression signatures. Splicing of FOXP3 introns, which belong to a previously unrecognized type of introns with C-rich polypyrimidine tracts, was exquisitely sensitive to DDX39B levels. Given the importance of FOXP3 in autoimmunity, this work cements DDX39B as an important guardian of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minato Hirano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease, Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Gaddiel Galarza-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Autoimmunity Biological SolutionsGalvestonUnited States
| | - Chloe Nagasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Human Pathophysiology and Translational Medicine Program, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Geraldine Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Alejandro L Antonia
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Farren BS Briggs
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Dennis C Ko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - William S Fagg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Shelton Bradrick
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonUnited States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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53
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Soeung M, Perelli L, Chen Z, Dondossola E, Ho IL, Carbone F, Zhang L, Khan H, Le CN, Zhu C, Peoples MD, Feng N, Jiang S, Zacharias NM, Minelli R, Shapiro DD, Deem AK, Gao S, Cheng EH, Lucchetti D, Walker CL, Carugo A, Giuliani V, Heffernan TP, Viale A, Tannir NM, Draetta GF, Msaouel P, Genovese G. SMARCB1 regulates the hypoxic stress response in sickle cell trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209639120. [PMID: 37186844 PMCID: PMC10214195 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209639120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive kidney cancer that almost exclusively develops in individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT) and is always characterized by loss of the tumor suppressor SMARCB1. Because renal ischemia induced by red blood cell sickling exacerbates chronic renal medullary hypoxia in vivo, we investigated whether the loss of SMARCB1 confers a survival advantage under the setting of SCT. Hypoxic stress, which naturally occurs within the renal medulla, is elevated under the setting of SCT. Our findings showed that hypoxia-induced SMARCB1 degradation protected renal cells from hypoxic stress. SMARCB1 wild-type renal tumors exhibited lower levels of SMARCB1 and more aggressive growth in mice harboring the SCT mutation in human hemoglobin A (HbA) than in control mice harboring wild-type human HbA. Consistent with established clinical observations, SMARCB1-null renal tumors were refractory to hypoxia-inducing therapeutic inhibition of angiogenesis. Further, reconstitution of SMARCB1 restored renal tumor sensitivity to hypoxic stress in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate a physiological role for SMARCB1 degradation in response to hypoxic stress, connect the renal medullary hypoxia induced by SCT with an increased risk of SMARCB1-negative RMC, and shed light into the mechanisms mediating the resistance of SMARCB1-null renal tumors against angiogenesis inhibition therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Soeung
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Ziheng Chen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Eleonora Dondossola
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - I-Lin Ho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | | | - Li Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Hania Khan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Courtney N. Le
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Cihui Zhu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Michael D. Peoples
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Ningping Feng
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Shan Jiang
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | | | - Rosalba Minelli
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Daniel D. Shapiro
- Division of Urology, William S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI53705
| | - Angela K. Deem
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Sisi Gao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Emily H. Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York City, NY10065
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery–Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome00168, Italy
- Multiplex Spatial Profiling Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, Rome00168, Italy
| | - Cheryl L. Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Department of Oncology, IRBM S.p.A., Rome00071, Italy
| | - Virginia Giuliani
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Timothy P. Heffernan
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Nizar M. Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Giulio F. Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Pavlos Msaouel
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX77025
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54
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Battistello E, Hixon KA, Comstock DE, Collings CK, Chen X, Rodriguez Hernaez J, Lee S, Cervantes KS, Hinkley MM, Ntatsoulis K, Cesarano A, Hockemeyer K, Haining WN, Witkowski MT, Qi J, Tsirigos A, Perna F, Aifantis I, Kadoch C. Stepwise activities of mSWI/SNF family chromatin remodeling complexes direct T cell activation and exhaustion. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1216-1236.e12. [PMID: 36944333 PMCID: PMC10121856 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Highly coordinated changes in gene expression underlie T cell activation and exhaustion. However, the mechanisms by which such programs are regulated and how these may be targeted for therapeutic benefit remain poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively profile the genomic occupancy of mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes throughout acute and chronic T cell stimulation, finding that stepwise changes in localization over transcription factor binding sites direct site-specific chromatin accessibility and gene activation leading to distinct phenotypes. Notably, perturbation of mSWI/SNF complexes using genetic and clinically relevant chemical strategies enhances the persistence of T cells with attenuated exhaustion hallmarks and increased memory features in vitro and in vivo. Finally, pharmacologic mSWI/SNF inhibition improves CAR-T expansion and results in improved anti-tumor control in vivo. These findings reveal the central role of mSWI/SNF complexes in the coordination of T cell activation and exhaustion and nominate small-molecule-based strategies for the improvement of current immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Battistello
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kimberlee A Hixon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dawn E Comstock
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clayton K Collings
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Javier Rodriguez Hernaez
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Soobeom Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kasey S Cervantes
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Madeline M Hinkley
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Konstantinos Ntatsoulis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Annamaria Cesarano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kathryn Hockemeyer
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- Department of Pediatrics-HemeOnc and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, Office of Science & Research, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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55
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Feng B, Xu L, Song S, Liu H, Li Y, Hu S, Shu Q, Liu J, Liu Z, Yu H, Yang P. ER stress modulates the immune regulatory ability in gut M2 cells of patients with ulcerative colitis. iScience 2023; 26:106498. [PMID: 37091242 PMCID: PMC10113856 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to characterize the impaired immune regulatory function of Mφ obtained from UC patient colon lavage fluid (CLF). Mφs were the largest proportion (21.3 4.0%) of the CLF-derived cellular components. Less abundant and weaker immune suppressive function were observed in M2 Mφs (M2 cells) of the ulcerative colitis (UC) group. High levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated molecules were detected in UC M2 cells. The spliced X box binding protein-1 (XBP1) gene was negatively correlated with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in UC M2 cells. XBP1 promoted the expression of ring-finger protein 20 (Rnf20) in M2 cells. Rnf20 reduced PD-L1 abundance in UC M2 cells and impaired the immune suppressive ability. Inhibition of Rnf20 restored the immune regulating capacity of M2 cells and suppressed experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shuo Song
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suqin Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangqi Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Allergy, Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiqiong Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen518033, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Division at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author
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56
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Wang H, Langlais D, Nijnik A. Histone H2A deubiquitinases in the transcriptional programs of development and hematopoiesis: a consolidated analysis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106384. [PMID: 36738766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoubiquitinated lysine 119 of histone H2A (H2AK119ub) is a highly abundant epigenetic mark, associated with gene repression and deposited on chromatin by the polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1), which is an essential regulator of diverse transcriptional programs in mammalian development and tissue homeostasis. While multiple deubiquitinases (DUBs) with catalytic activity for H2AK119ub (H2A-DUBs) have been identified, we lack systematic analyses of their roles and cross-talk in transcriptional regulation. Here, we address H2A-DUB functions in epigenetic regulation of mammalian development and tissue maintenance by conducting a meta-analysis of 248 genomics datasets from 32 independent studies, focusing on the mouse model and covering embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hematopoietic, and immune cell lineages. This covers all the publicly available datasets that map genomic H2A-DUB binding and H2AK119ub distributions (ChIP-Seq), and all datasets assessing dysregulation in gene expression in the relevant H2A-DUB knockout models (RNA-Seq). Many accessory datasets for PRC1-2 and DUB-interacting proteins are also analyzed and interpreted, as well as further data assessing chromatin accessibility (ATAC-Seq) and transcriptional activity (RNA-seq). We report co-localization in the binding of H2A-DUBs BAP1, USP16, and to a lesser extent others that is conserved across different cell-types, and also the enrichment of antagonistic PRC1-2 protein complexes at the same genomic locations. Such conserved sites enriched for the H2A-DUBs and PRC1-2 are proximal to transcriptionally active genes that engage in housekeeping cellular functions. Nevertheless, they exhibit H2AK119ub levels significantly above the genomic average that can undergo further increase with H2A-DUB knockout. This indicates a cooperation between H2A-DUBs and PRC1-2 in the modulation of housekeeping transcriptional programs, conserved across many cell types, likely operating through their antagonistic effects on H2AK119ub and the regulation of local H2AK119ub turnover. Our study further highlights existing knowledge gaps and discusses important directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, QC, Canada.
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57
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Dolsten GA, Pritykin Y. Genomic Analysis of Foxp3 Function in Regulatory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:880-887. [PMID: 36947819 PMCID: PMC10037560 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for tolerance to self-antigens and for preventing autoimmunity. Foxp3 has been identified as a Treg cell lineage-defining transcription factor controlling Treg cell differentiation and function. In this article, we review the current mechanistic and systemic understanding of Foxp3 function enabled by experimental and computational advances in high-throughput genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Dolsten
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Graduate Program, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yuri Pritykin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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58
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Li XM, Zhao ZY, Yu X, Xia QD, Zhou P, Wang SG, Wu HL, Hu J. Exploiting E3 ubiquitin ligases to reeducate the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 36998063 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractTumor development relies on a complex and aberrant tissue environment in which cancer cells receive the necessary nutrients for growth, survive through immune escape, and acquire mesenchymal properties that mediate invasion and metastasis. Stromal cells and soluble mediators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit characteristic anti-inflammatory and protumorigenic activities. Ubiquitination, which is an essential and reversible posttranscriptional modification, plays a vital role in modulating the stability, activity and localization of modified proteins through an enzymatic cascade. This review was motivated by accumulating evidence that a series of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases (DUBs) finely target multiple signaling pathways, transcription factors and key enzymes to govern the functions of almost all components of the TME. In this review, we systematically summarize the key substrate proteins involved in the formation of the TME and the E3 ligases and DUBs that recognize these proteins. In addition, several promising techniques for targeted protein degradation by hijacking the intracellular E3 ubiquitin-ligase machinery are introduced.
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Han SJ, Jain P, Gilad Y, Xia Y, Sung N, Park MJ, Dean AM, Lanz RB, Xu J, Dacso CC, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW. Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 is a Key Modulator of Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Tumor Evasion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534575. [PMID: 37034717 PMCID: PMC10081245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3) is most strongly expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and B cells, suggesting that it plays an important role in the regulation of Treg function. Using an aggressive E0771 mouse breast cell line syngeneic immune-intact murine model, we observed that breast tumors were 'permanently eradicated' in a genetically engineered tamoxifen-inducible Treg-cell specific SRC-3 knockout (KO) female mouse that does not possess a systemic autoimmune pathological phenotype. A similar eradication of tumor was noted in a syngeneic model of prostate cancer. A subsequent injection of additional E0771 cancer cells into these mice showed continued resistance to tumor development without the need for tamoxifen induction to produce additional SRC-3 KO Tregs. SRC-3 KO Tregs were highly proliferative and preferentially infiltrated into breast tumors by activating the Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (Ccl) 19/Ccl21/ Chemokine (C-C motif) Receptor (Ccr)7 signaling axis, generating antitumor immunity by enhancing the interferon-γ/C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand (Cxcl) 9 signaling axis to facilitate the entrance and function of effector T cells and Natural Killer cells. SRC-3 KO Tregs also show a dominant effect by blocking the immune suppressive function of WT Tregs. Importantly, a single adoptive transfer of SRC-3 KO Tregs into wild-type E0771 tumor-bearing mice can completely abolish pre-established breast tumors by generating potent antitumor immunity with a durable effect that prevents tumor reoccurrence. Therefore, treatment with SRC-3 deleted Tregs represents a novel approach to completely block tumor growth and recurrence without the autoimmune side-effects that typically accompany immune checkpoint modulators. Significance statement Tregs are essential in restraining immune responses for immune homeostasis. SRC-3 is a pleiotropic coactivator, the second-most highly expressed transcriptional coactivator in Tregs, and a suspect in Treg function. The disruption of SRC-3 expression in Tregs leads to a 'complete lifetime eradication' of tumors in aggressive syngeneic breast cancer mouse models because deletion of SRC-3 alters the expression of a wide range of key genes involved in efferent and afferent Treg signaling. SRC-3KO Tregs confer this long-lasting protection against cancer recurrence in mice without an apparent systemic autoimmune pathological phenotype. Therefore, treatment with SRC-3 deleted Tregs could represent a novel and efficient future target for eliminating tumor growth and recurrence without the autoimmune side-effects that typically accompany immune checkpoint modulators.
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Laprie-Sentenac M, Cretet-Rodeschini C, Menger L. Optimized protocol to generate genome-wide inactivated Cas9-expressing murine T cells. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101922. [PMID: 36516053 PMCID: PMC9762184 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screens in primary T cells allow the systematic and unbiased identification of non-redundant regulatory mechanisms shaping immune responses. Here, we present an optimized protocol for efficient generation of a pool of genome-wide inactivated Cas9-expressing T cells using a retroviral library of sgRNA. We detail the process of large-scale viral production and library integration in activated murine T cells as well as the two-step PCR approach for sgRNA recovery and abundance evaluation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sutra Del Galy et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Laprie-Sentenac
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Clara Cretet-Rodeschini
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurie Menger
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France.
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61
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Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. The potential for treg-enhancing therapies in nervous system pathologies. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:108-121. [PMID: 36041453 PMCID: PMC10019130 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While inflammation may not be the cause of disease, it is well known that it contributes to disease pathogenesis across a multitude of peripheral and central nervous system disorders. Chronic and overactive inflammation due to an effector T-cell-mediated aberrant immune response ultimately leads to tissue damage and neuronal cell death. To counteract peripheral and neuroinflammatory responses, research is being focused on regulatory T cell enhancement as a therapeutic target. Regulatory T cells are an immunosuppressive subpopulation of CD4+ T helper cells essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. The cells play pivotal roles in suppressing immune responses to maintain immune tolerance. In so doing, they control T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production curtailing autoimmunity and inflammation. For nervous system pathologies, Treg are known to affect the onset and tempo of neural injuries. To this end, we review recent findings supporting Treg's role in disease, as well as serving as a therapeutic agent in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An ever-broader role for Treg in the control of neurologic disease has been shown for traumatic brain injury, stroke, neurotrophic pain, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. To such ends, this review serves to examine the role played by Tregs in nervous system diseases with a focus on harnessing their functional therapeutic role(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - R L Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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62
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Tsuchiya M, Tachibana N, Nagao K, Tamura T, Hamachi I. Organelle-selective click labeling coupled with flow cytometry allows pooled CRISPR screening of genes involved in phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00050-5. [PMID: 36917984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular lipid synthesis and transport are governed by intricate protein networks. Although genetic screening should contribute to deciphering the regulatory networks of lipid metabolism, technical challenges remain-especially for high-throughput readouts of lipid phenotypes. Here, we coupled organelle-selective click labeling of phosphatidylcholine (PC) with flow cytometry-based CRISPR screening technologies to convert organellar PC phenotypes into a simple fluorescence readout for genome-wide screening. This technique, named O-ClickFC, was successfully applied in genome-scale CRISPR-knockout screens to identify previously reported genes associated with PC synthesis (PCYT1A, ACACA), vesicular membrane trafficking (SEC23B, RAB5C), and non-vesicular transport (PITPNB, STARD7). Moreover, we revealed previously uncharacterized roles of FLVCR1 as a choline uptake facilitator, CHEK1 as a post-translational regulator of the PC-synthetic pathway, and CDC50A as responsible for the translocation of PC to the outside of the plasma membrane bilayer. These findings demonstrate the versatility of O-ClickFC as an unprecedented platform for genetic dissection of cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; PRESTO (Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Tachibana
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; PRESTO (Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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63
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Kitamura H. Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3219. [PMID: 36834633 PMCID: PMC9966627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are reversible processes that modify the characteristics of target proteins, including stability, intracellular localization, and enzymatic activity. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the largest deubiquitinating enzyme family. To date, accumulating evidence indicates that several USPs positively and negatively affect metabolic diseases. USP22 in pancreatic β-cells, USP2 in adipose tissue macrophages, USP9X, 20, and 33 in myocytes, USP4, 7, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes, and USP2 in hypothalamus improve hyperglycemia, whereas USP19 in adipocytes, USP21 in myocytes, and USP2, 14, and 20 in hepatocytes promote hyperglycemia. In contrast, USP1, 5, 9X, 14, 15, 22, 36, and 48 modulate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and/or retinopathy. USP4, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while hepatic USP2, 11, 14, 19, and 20 exacerbate it. The roles of USP7 and 22 in hepatic disorders are controversial. USP9X, 14, 17, and 20 in vascular cells are postulated to be determinants of atherosclerosis. Moreover, mutations in the Usp8 and Usp48 loci in pituitary tumors cause Cushing syndrome. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the modulatory roles of USPs in energy metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
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64
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Gao X, Lei G, Wang B, Deng Z, Karges J, Xiao H, Tan D. Encapsulation of Platinum Prodrugs into PC7A Polymeric Nanoparticles Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Therapeutically Enhanced Multimodal Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy by Activation of the STING Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205241. [PMID: 36504435 PMCID: PMC9896041 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic methods to treat cancer. Despite its clinical application, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment compromises the therapeutic efficiency of this technique. To overcome this limitation, many research efforts have been devoted to the development of agents that reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment through novel mechanisms. Over the last decade, compounds that intervene through the immunogenic stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway have emerged with potential for clinical development. Herein, the encapsulation of chemotherapeutic platinum complexes with a polymer with a cyclic seven-membered ring (PC7A)-based polymer into pH-responsive nanoparticles for multimodal therapeutically enhanced chemotherapy and immunotherapy is presented. This study represents the first nanomaterial with a dual activation mechanism of the STING pathway through DNA fragmentation as well as PC7A binding. The combination of these nanoparticles with immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrates to nearly fully eradicate a colorectal tumor inside the mouse model by chemotherapy and immunotherapy using the STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan ProvinceChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Advanced Embedded Computing and Intelligent Medical Systems, Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
| | - Guanxiong Lei
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan ProvinceChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Advanced Embedded Computing and Intelligent Medical Systems, Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Zhong Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan ProvinceChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Advanced Embedded Computing and Intelligent Medical Systems, Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr‐University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Donghui Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan ProvinceChenzhouHunan Province423000China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Advanced Embedded Computing and Intelligent Medical Systems, Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouHunan Province423000China
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Dietlein N, Wang X, Metz J, Disson O, Shang F, Beyersdörffer C, Rodríguez Correa E, Lipka DB, Begus-Nahrmann Y, Kosinsky RL, Johnsen SA, Lecuit M, Höfer T, Rodewald HR. Usp22 is an intracellular regulator of systemic emergency hematopoiesis. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabq2061. [PMID: 36490327 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emergency hematopoiesis is a concerted response aimed toward enhanced protection from infection, involving multiple cell types and developmental stages across the immune system. Despite its importance, the underlying molecular regulation remains poorly understood. The deubiquitinase USP22 regulates the levels of monoubiquitinated histone H2B (H2Bub1), which is associated with activation of interferon responses upon viral infection. Here, we show that in the absence of infection or inflammation, mice lacking Usp22 in all hematopoietic cells display profound systemic emergency hematopoiesis, evident by increased hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, myeloid bias, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Functionally, loss of Usp22 results in elevated phagocytosis by neutrophilic granulocytes and enhanced innate protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection. At the molecular level, we found this state of emergency hematopoiesis associated with transcriptional signatures of myeloid priming, enhanced mitochondrial respiration, and innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation. Augmented expression of many inflammatory genes was linked to elevated locus-specific H2Bub1 levels. Collectively, these results demonstrate the existence of a tunable epigenetic state that promotes systemic emergency hematopoiesis in a cell-autonomous manner to enhance innate protection, identifying potential paths toward immune enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Dietlein
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xi Wang
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jonas Metz
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fuwei Shang
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Celine Beyersdörffer
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Rodríguez Correa
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Lipka
- Section Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Department of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Begus-Nahrmann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral & Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, 75015 Paris, France.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Institut Imagine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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66
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Shi H, Doench JG, Chi H. CRISPR screens for functional interrogation of immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022:10.1038/s41577-022-00802-4. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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67
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Agache I, Zemelka-Wiącek M, Shamji MH, Jutel M. Immunotherapy: State-of-the-art review of therapies and theratypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1279-1288. [PMID: 36328808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Through its disease-modifying potential, immunotherapy is the keystone to curing allergic diseases. Allergen immunotherapy, applied for more than a century, is currently supported by novel modalities such as mAb-based therapies or small molecules targeting the key nodes of the allergic inflammation network. In this review, a summary of the most significant advances in immunotherapy is presented, addressing not only novel approaches to stratifying patients but also major controlled clinical trials and real-world evidence that strengthen the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.
| | | | - Mohamed H Shamji
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
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68
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Montauti E, Weinberg SE, Chu P, Chaudhuri S, Mani NL, Iyer R, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Xin C, Gregory S, Wei J, Zhang Y, Chen W, Sun Z, Yan M, Fang D. A deubiquitination module essential for T reg fitness in the tumor microenvironment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4116. [PMID: 36427305 PMCID: PMC9699683 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) enhances regulatory T (Treg) cell stability and immunosuppressive functions through up-regulation of lineage transcription factor Foxp3, a phenomenon known as Treg fitness or adaptation. Here, we characterize previously unknown TME-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Treg fitness. We demonstrate that TME-specific stressors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), hypoxia, and nutrient deprivation selectively induce two Foxp3-specific deubiquitinases, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (Usp22) and Usp21, by regulating TGF-β, HIF, and mTOR signaling, respectively, to maintain Treg fitness. Simultaneous deletion of both USPs in Treg cells largely diminishes TME-induced Foxp3 up-regulation, alters Treg metabolic signatures, impairs Treg-suppressive function, and alleviates Treg suppression on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we developed the first Usp22-specific small-molecule inhibitor, which dramatically reduced intratumoral Treg Foxp3 expression and consequently enhanced antitumor immunity. Our findings unveil previously unappreciated mechanisms underlying Treg fitness and identify Usp22 as an antitumor therapeutic target that inhibits Treg adaptability in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montauti
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samuel E. Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuvam Chaudhuri
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikita L. Mani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Shana Gregory
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Juncheng Wei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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69
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Holcomb EA, Pearson AN, Jungles KM, Tate A, James J, Jiang L, Huber AK, Green MD. High-content CRISPR screening in tumor immunology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041451. [PMID: 36479127 PMCID: PMC9721350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR screening is a powerful tool that links specific genetic alterations to corresponding phenotypes, thus allowing for high-throughput identification of novel gene functions. Pooled CRISPR screens have enabled discovery of innate and adaptive immune response regulators in the setting of viral infection and cancer. Emerging methods couple pooled CRISPR screens with parallel high-content readouts at the transcriptomic, epigenetic, proteomic, and optical levels. These approaches are illuminating cancer immune evasion mechanisms as well as nominating novel targets that augment T cell activation, increase T cell infiltration into tumors, and promote enhanced T cell cytotoxicity. This review details recent methodological advances in high-content CRISPR screens and highlights the impact this technology is having on tumor immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Holcomb
- Graduate Program in Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ashley N. Pearson
- Graduate Program in Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kassidy M. Jungles
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Akshay Tate
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jadyn James
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Amanda K. Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael D. Green
- Graduate Program in Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Radiation Oncology, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Michael D. Green,
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70
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Luo X, Mo L, Wang X, Zhang S, Liu H, Wu G, Huang Q, Liu D, Yang P. Rnf20 inhibition enhances immunotherapy by improving regulatory T cell generation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:588. [PMID: 36371755 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic disorders are common all over the world. The pathogenesis of allergy is unclear. Therapies for allergic disorders require improvement. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the factors influencing immune response. The purpose of this study is to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy for experimental respiratory allergy by targeting the ER stress signal pathway. METHODS Committed CD4+ T cells were isolated from blood samples collected from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and TCR ovalbumin transgenic mice. The effects of TCR engagement and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (MNP) on inducing ER stress in committed CD4+ T cells were evaluated. RESULTS ER stress was detected in antigen-specific CD4+ T cells (sCD4+ T cells) of AR patients. The environmental pollutant MNP increased the expression of the X-binding protein-1 (XBP1) in the committed CD4+ T cells during the TCR engagement. XBP1 mediated the effects of MNP on inhibiting regulatory T cell (Treg) generation. The effects of MNP on induction of protein 20 (Rnf20) in CD4+ T cells were mediated by XBP1. Inhibition of Rnf20 rescued the Treg development from MNP-primed sCD4+ T cells. The ablation of Rnf20 improved the immunotherapy of AR through the restoration of the Treg generation. CONCLUSIONS ER stress can be detected in CD4+ T cells in TCR engagement. Exposure to MNP exacerbates ER stress in committed CD4+ T cells. Regulation of the ER stress-related Rnf20 expression can restore the generation of Treg from CD4+ T cells of subjects with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Luo
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medial University, 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lihua Mo
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medial University, 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Allergy, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division, Immunology of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Allergy, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division, Immunology of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute of Allergy, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division, Immunology of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gaohui Wu
- Department of Respirology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qinmiao Huang
- Department of Respirology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Dabo Liu
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medial University, 1333 Xinhu Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Regional Disease Key Laboratory, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Institute of Allergy, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division, Immunology of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Room A7-509, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Wang Y, Gao P, Hao Z, Chen L, Li X, Jiao Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Peng X, Ning B, Zhan X. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the tumor immune microenvironment in gastrointestinal tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1054598. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1054598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is capable of regulating the growth of tumors, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TIME can affect the prognosis and treatment responses of patients. Consequently, therapies targeting these immune cells have emerged as important antitumor treatments. As a crucial componet of the perioperative treatment of malignant tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can improve the surgical resection rate and prognosis of patients and is a suitable clinical model to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on the TIME. To provide a rationale for developing valid combinational therapies, this review summarizes the impact of NACT on the TIME, the relationship between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and treatment responses of patients, and the prognostic value of these infiltrating immune cells.
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72
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Palomares O, Elewaut D, Irving PM, Jaumont X, Tassinari P. Regulatory T cells and immunoglobulin E: A new therapeutic link for autoimmunity? Allergy 2022; 77:3293-3308. [PMID: 35852798 DOI: 10.1111/all.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have a prevalence of approximately 7 to 9% and are classified as either organ-specific diseases, including type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and myasthenia gravis, or systemic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome. While many advancements have been made in understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmune disease, including the nature of self-tolerance and its breakdown, there remain unmet needs in terms of effective and highly targeted treatments. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are key mediators of peripheral tolerance and are implicated in many autoimmune diseases, either as a result of reduced numbers or altered function. Tregs may be broadly divided into those generated in the thymus (tTregs) and those generated in the periphery (pTregs). Tregs target many different immune cell subsets and tissues to suppress excessive inflammation and to support tissue repair and homeostasis: there is a fine balance between Treg cell stability and the plasticity that is required to adjust Tregs' regulatory purposes to particular immune responses. The central role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in allergic disease is well recognized, and it is becoming increasingly apparent that this immunoglobulin also has a wider role encompassing other diseases including autoimmune disease. Anti-IgE treatment restores the capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) impaired by IgE- high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεR1) cross-linking to induce Tregs in vitro in atopic patients. The finding that anti-IgE therapy restores Treg cell homeostasis, and that this mechanism is associated with clinical improvement in asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria suggests that anti-IgE therapy may also have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases in which Tregs are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter M Irving
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust, London, UK
- King's College London, London, UK
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73
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Characterizing and exploiting the many roles of aberrant H2B monoubiquitination in cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:782-798. [PMID: 34953650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Monoubiquitination of histone H2B on lysine 120 (H2Bub1) is implicated in the control of multiple essential processes, including transcription, DNA damage repair and mitotic chromosome segregation. Accordingly, aberrant regulation of H2Bub1 can induce transcriptional reprogramming and genome instability that may promote oncogenesis. Remarkably, alterations of the ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes regulating H2Bub1 are emerging as ubiquitous features in cancer, further supporting the possibility that the misregulation of H2Bub1 is an underlying mechanism contributing to cancer pathogenesis. To date, aberrant H2Bub1 dynamics have been reported in multiple cancer types and are associated with transcriptional changes that promote oncogenesis in a cancer type-specific manner. Owing to the multi-functional nature of H2Bub1, misregulation of its writers and erasers may drive disease initiation and progression through additional synergistic processes. Accordingly, understanding the molecular determinants and pathogenic impacts associated with aberrant H2Bub1 regulation may reveal novel drug targets and therapeutic vulnerabilities that can be exploited to develop innovative precision medicine strategies that better combat cancer. In this review, we present the normal functions of H2Bub1 in the control of DNA-associated processes and describe the pathogenic implications associated with its misregulation in cancer. We further discuss the challenges coupled with the development of therapeutic strategies targeting H2Bub1 misregulation and expose the potential benefits of designing treatments that synergistically exploit the multiple functionalities of H2Bub1 to improve treatment selectivity and efficacy.
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74
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DNA Methylation in Regulatory T Cell Differentiation and Function: Challenges and Opportunities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091282. [PMID: 36139121 PMCID: PMC9496199 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a bona fide epigenetic marker, DNA methylation has been linked to the differentiation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, a subset of CD4 T cells that play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and suppressing autoimmunity and antitumor immune response. DNA methylation undergoes dynamic regulation involving maintenance of preexisting patterns, passive and active demethylation, and de novo methylation. Scattered evidence suggests that these processes control different stages of Treg cell lifespan ranging from lineage induction to cell fate maintenance, suppression of effector T cells and innate immune cells, and transdifferentiation. Despite significant progress, it remains to be fully explored how differential DNA methylation regulates Treg cell fate and immunological function. Here, we review recent progress and discuss the questions and challenges for further understanding the immunological roles and mechanisms of dynamic DNA methylation in controlling Treg cell differentiation and function. We also explore the opportunities that these processes offer to manipulate Treg cell suppressive function for therapeutic purposes by targeting DNA methylation.
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75
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Carnevale J, Shifrut E, Kale N, Nyberg WA, Blaeschke F, Chen YY, Li Z, Bapat SP, Diolaiti ME, O'Leary P, Vedova S, Belk J, Daniel B, Roth TL, Bachl S, Anido AA, Prinzing B, Ibañez-Vega J, Lange S, Haydar D, Luetke-Eversloh M, Born-Bony M, Hegde B, Kogan S, Feuchtinger T, Okada H, Satpathy AT, Shannon K, Gottschalk S, Eyquem J, Krenciute G, Ashworth A, Marson A. RASA2 ablation in T cells boosts antigen sensitivity and long-term function. Nature 2022; 609:174-182. [PMID: 36002574 PMCID: PMC9433322 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of adoptive T cell therapies for cancer treatment can be limited by suppressive signals from both extrinsic factors and intrinsic inhibitory checkpoints1,2. Targeted gene editing has the potential to overcome these limitations and enhance T cell therapeutic function3-10. Here we performed multiple genome-wide CRISPR knock-out screens under different immunosuppressive conditions to identify genes that can be targeted to prevent T cell dysfunction. These screens converged on RASA2, a RAS GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) that we identify as a signalling checkpoint in human T cells, which is downregulated upon acute T cell receptor stimulation and can increase gradually with chronic antigen exposure. RASA2 ablation enhanced MAPK signalling and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell cytolytic activity in response to target antigen. Repeated tumour antigen stimulations in vitro revealed that RASA2-deficient T cells show increased activation, cytokine production and metabolic activity compared with control cells, and show a marked advantage in persistent cancer cell killing. RASA2-knockout CAR T cells had a competitive fitness advantage over control cells in the bone marrow in a mouse model of leukaemia. Ablation of RASA2 in multiple preclinical models of T cell receptor and CAR T cell therapies prolonged survival in mice xenografted with either liquid or solid tumours. Together, our findings highlight RASA2 as a promising target to enhance both persistence and effector function in T cell therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Carnevale
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Eric Shifrut
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Department of Pathology Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Varda and Boaz Dotan Center for Advanced Therapies, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nupura Kale
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Nyberg
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Yan Yi Chen
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sagar P Bapat
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Morgan E Diolaiti
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick O'Leary
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shane Vedova
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Belk
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefanie Bachl
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Allo Anido
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brooke Prinzing
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jorge Ibañez-Vega
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shannon Lange
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dalia Haydar
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marie Luetke-Eversloh
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maelys Born-Bony
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bindu Hegde
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Kogan
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Feuchtinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Hideho Okada
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Shannon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Justin Eyquem
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander Marson
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Freimer JW, Shaked O, Naqvi S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Kathiria A, Garrido CM, Chen AF, Cortez JT, Greenleaf WJ, Pritchard JK, Marson A. Systematic discovery and perturbation of regulatory genes in human T cells reveals the architecture of immune networks. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1133-1144. [PMID: 35817986 PMCID: PMC10035359 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulatory networks ensure that important genes are expressed at precise levels. When gene expression is sufficiently perturbed, it can lead to disease. To understand how gene expression disruptions percolate through a network, we must first map connections between regulatory genes and their downstream targets. However, we lack comprehensive knowledge of the upstream regulators of most genes. Here, we developed an approach for systematic discovery of upstream regulators of critical immune factors-IL2RA, IL-2 and CTLA4-in primary human T cells. Then, we mapped the network of the target genes of these regulators and putative cis-regulatory elements using CRISPR perturbations, RNA-seq and ATAC-seq. These regulators form densely interconnected networks with extensive feedback loops. Furthermore, this network is enriched for immune-associated disease variants and genes. These results provide insight into how immune-associated disease genes are regulated in T cells and broader principles about the structure of human gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Freimer
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oren Shaked
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Arwa Kathiria
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Amy F Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jessica T Cortez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pritchard
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Alexander Marson
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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77
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Mei H, Gu Q, Wang W, Meng Y, Jiang L, Liu J. CRISPR-surfaceome: An online tool for designing highly efficient sgRNAs targeting cell surface proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3833-3838. [PMID: 35891797 PMCID: PMC9307495 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based genome-editing tools have emerged as an efficient tool for functional genomics studies. Online tools and databases have been developed to facilitate the design and selection of CRISPR single guide RNA (sgRNA) for gene modifications. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of these tools or database are designated to cell surface proteins. In a previous study, we described the development and application of surfaceome CRISPR libraries targeting to cell surface proteins on human cells. Here, we present the design and construction of an online tool and database (https://crispr-surfaceome.siais.shanghaitech.edu.cn/home), named CRISPR-Surfaceome, for the design of highly efficient sgRNA targeting to the surface proteins on human cells. To show case and validate the efficiencies of sgRNAs designed by this online tool, we chose ICAM-1 gene for knockout studies and found that all the 10 designed ICAM-1 sgRNAs could efficiently generate knockout cells, with more than 80% gene disruption rates. These ICAM-1 knockout cells were found to be resistant to the infection of rhinovirus (RV), which utilizes ICAM-1 as the receptor. Therefore, CRISPR-Surfaceome can serve the research community for the functional genomics studies on cell surface proteins, such as identification of pathogen receptors and discovery of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Mei
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qian Gu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichun Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Corresponding authors at: Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, China
- Corresponding authors at: Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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78
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Yang JM, Ren Y, Kumar A, Xiong X, Das JK, Peng HY, Wang L, Ren X, Zhang Y, Ji C, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Alaniz RC, de Figueiredo P, Fang D, Zhou H, Liu X, Wang J, Song J. NAC1 modulates autoimmunity by suppressing regulatory T cell-mediated tolerance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0183. [PMID: 35767626 PMCID: PMC9242588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report here that nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 (NAC1), a nuclear factor of the Broad-complex, Tramtrack, Bric-a-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) gene family, is a negative regulator of FoxP3 in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and a critical determinant of immune tolerance. Phenotypically, NAC1-/- mice showed substantial tolerance to the induction of autoimmunity and generated a larger amount of CD4+ Tregs that exhibit a higher metabolic profile and immune-suppressive activity, increased acetylation and expression of FoxP3, and slower turnover of this transcription factor. Treatment of Tregs with the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β or tumor necrosis factor-α induced a robust up-regulation of NAC1 but evident down-regulation of FoxP3 as well as the acetylated FoxP3. These findings imply that NAC1 acts as a trigger of the immune response through destabilization of Tregs and suppression of tolerance induction, and targeting of NAC1 warrants further exploration as a potential tolerogenic strategy for treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yijie Ren
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Hao-Yun Peng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Xingcong Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Robert C. Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Paul de Figueiredo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Norman Borlaug Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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Deng B, Yang B, Chen J, Wang S, Zhang W, Guo Y, Han Y, Li H, Dang Y, Yuan Y, Dai X, Zang Y, Li Y, Li B. Gallic acid induces T-helper-1-like T reg cells and strengthens immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004037. [PMID: 35817479 PMCID: PMC9274539 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells facilitate tumor immune evasion by forming a suppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, immune therapies promoting Treg fragility may greatly enhance immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy in cancers. Methods We have screened 2640 compounds and identified the gut microbial metabolite gallic acid, which promotes Foxp3 degradation and Treg instability by repressing Usp21 gene transcription. In vivo and in vitro experiments have been performed to explore the roles of Usp21 in Treg cells. Importantly, we treated tumor-bearing mice with gallic acid and anti-PD-1 antibody to explore the potential therapeutic value of gallic acid in clinical cancer immunotherapy. Results Mechanistically, gallic acid prevents STAT3 phosphorylation and the binding of phosphorylated STAT3 to Usp21 gene promoter. The deubiquitinated Usp21 and stabilized PD-L1 proteins boost the function of Treg cells. Combination of gallic acid and anti-PD-1 antibody, in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, not only significantly dampen Treg cell function by impairing PD-L1/PD-1 signaling and downregulating Foxp3 stability, but also promote CD8+ T cells’ production of IFN-γ and limited tumor growth. Conclusion Our findings have implications for improving the efficacy of ICB therapy in CRC by inducing T-helper-1-like Foxp3lo Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaolong Deng
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biaolong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieqiong Chen
- Shanghai Affinity Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiwei Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixian Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Yuan
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyu Dai
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuansheng Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Unit of Immune and Metabolic Regulation, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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80
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Bednar KJ, Lee JH, Ort T. Tregs in Autoimmunity: Insights Into Intrinsic Brake Mechanism Driving Pathogenesis and Immune Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932485. [PMID: 35844555 PMCID: PMC9280893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are functionally characterized for their ability to suppress the activation of multiple immune cell types and are indispensable for maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance. Disruption of this intrinsic brake system assessed by loss of suppressive capacity, cell numbers, and Foxp3 expression, leads to uncontrolled immune responses and tissue damage. The conversion of Tregs to a pathogenic pro-inflammatory phenotype is widely observed in immune mediated diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that underpin the control of Treg stability and suppressive capacity are incompletely understood. This review summarizes the concepts of Treg cell stability and Treg cell plasticity highlighting underlying mechanisms including translational and epigenetic regulators that may enable translation to new therapeutic strategies. Our enhanced understanding of molecular mechanism controlling Tregs will have important implications into immune homeostasis and therapeutic potential for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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81
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Du J, Wang Q, Yang S, Chen S, Fu Y, Spath S, Domeier P, Hagin D, Anover-Sombke S, Haouili M, Liu S, Wan J, Han L, Liu J, Yang L, Sangani N, Li Y, Lu X, Janga SC, Kaplan MH, Torgerson TR, Ziegler SF, Zhou B. FOXP3 exon 2 controls T reg stability and autoimmunity. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo5407. [PMID: 35749515 PMCID: PMC9333337 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo5407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Differing from the mouse Foxp3 gene that encodes only one protein product, human FOXP3 encodes two major isoforms through alternative splicing-a longer isoform (FOXP3 FL) containing all the coding exons and a shorter isoform lacking the amino acids encoded by exon 2 (FOXP3 ΔE2). The two isoforms are naturally expressed in humans, yet their differences in controlling regulatory T cell phenotype and functionality remain unclear. In this study, we show that patients expressing only the shorter isoform fail to maintain self-tolerance and develop immunodeficiency, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. Mice with Foxp3 exon 2 deletion have excessive follicular helper T (TFH) and germinal center B (GC B) cell responses, and develop systemic autoimmune disease with anti-dsDNA and antinuclear autoantibody production, as well as immune complex glomerulonephritis. Despite having normal suppressive function in in vitro assays, regulatory T cells expressing FOXP3 ΔE2 are unstable and sufficient to induce autoimmunity when transferred into Tcrb-deficient mice. Mechanistically, the FOXP3 ΔE2 isoform allows increased expression of selected cytokines, but decreased expression of a set of positive regulators of Foxp3 without altered binding to these gene loci. These findings uncover indispensable functions of the FOXP3 exon 2 region, highlighting a role in regulating a transcriptional program that maintains Treg stability and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sabine Spath
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Phillip Domeier
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - David Hagin
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA and secondary affiliation as University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Stephanie Anover-Sombke
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA and secondary affiliation as University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Maya Haouili
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Juli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Neel Sangani
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Troy R. Torgerson
- Allen Institute for Immunology, Seattle, WA and secondary affiliation as University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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82
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Bellinghausen I, Khatri R, Saloga J. Current Strategies to Modulate Regulatory T Cell Activity in Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912529. [PMID: 35720406 PMCID: PMC9205643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, increased strongly worldwide, reaching up to 50% in industrialized countries. These diseases are characterized by a dominating type 2 immune response and reduced numbers of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. Conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy is able to tip the balance towards immunoregulation. However, in mouse models of allergy adaptive transfer of Treg cells did not always lead to convincing beneficial results, partially because of limited stability of their regulatory phenotype activity. Besides genetic predisposition, it has become evident that environmental factors like a westernized lifestyle linked to modern sanitized living, the early use of antibiotics, and the consumption of unhealthy foods leads to epithelial barrier defects and dysbiotic microbiota, thereby preventing immune tolerance and favoring the development of allergic diseases. Epigenetic modification of Treg cells has been described as one important mechanism in this context. In this review, we summarize how environmental factors affect the number and function of Treg cells in allergic inflammation and how this knowledge can be exploited in future allergy prevention strategies as well as novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bellinghausen
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rahul Khatri
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Saloga
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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83
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The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 in Regulating Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112756. [PMID: 35681736 PMCID: PMC9179436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes an essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn), and it promotes the occurrence of immunosuppressive effects by regulating the consumption of Trp and the accumulation of Kyn in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have shown that the main cellular components of TME interact with each other through this pathway to promote the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the role of the immunosuppression mechanisms mediated by the IDO1 pathway in tumor growth. We discuss obstacles encountered in using IDO1 as a new tumor immunotherapy target, as well as the current clinical research progress.
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84
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Yang L, Wang S, Pan Z, Du X, Li Q. TGFBR2 is a novel substrate and indirect transcription target of deubiquitylase USP9X in granulosa cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2969-2979. [PMID: 35578792 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X) is one of the highly conserved members belonging to the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) family, which has been reported to control substrates-mediated biological functions through deubiquitinating and stabilizing substrates. Here, we have found that TGFBR2, the type II receptor of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, is a novel substrate and indirect transcription target of deubiquitylase USP9X in granulosa cells (GCs). Mechanically, USP9X positively influences the expression of TGFBR2 at different levels through two independent ways: (i) directly targets and deubiquitinates TGFBR2, which maintains the protein stability of TGFBR2 through avoiding degradation mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome system; (ii) indirectly maintains TGFBR2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression via SMAD4/miR-143 axis. Specifically, SMAD4, another substrate of USP9X, acts as a transcription factor and suppresses miR-143 which inhibits the mRNA level of TGFBR2 by directly binding to its 3'-untranslated region. Functionally, the maintenance of TGFBR2 by USP9X activates the TGF-β signaling pathway, which further represses GC apoptosis. Our study highlights a functional micro-regulatory network composed of deubiquitinase (USP9X), small noncoding RNA (miR-143) and the TGF-β signaling pathway, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of GC apoptosis and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenetics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenetics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenetics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Du
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenetics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Epigenetics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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85
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Liu K, Cui JJ, Zhan Y, Ouyang QY, Lu QS, Yang DH, Li XP, Yin JY. Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment by genome editing for precision cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:98. [PMID: 35410257 PMCID: PMC8996591 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for immune escape by tumor cells. It plays essential roles in tumor development and metastasis. The clinical outcomes of tumors are often closely related to individual differences in the patient TME. Therefore, reprogramming TME cells and their intercellular communication is an attractive and promising strategy for cancer therapy. TME cells consist of immune and nonimmune cells. These cells need to be manipulated precisely and safely to improve cancer therapy. Furthermore, it is encouraging that this field has rapidly developed in recent years with the advent and development of gene editing technologies. In this review, we briefly introduce gene editing technologies and systematically summarize their applications in the TME for precision cancer therapy, including the reprogramming of TME cells and their intercellular communication. TME cell reprogramming can regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, and function. Moreover, reprogramming the intercellular communication of TME cells can optimize immune infiltration and the specific recognition of tumor cells by immune cells. Thus, gene editing will pave the way for further breakthroughs in precision cancer therapy.
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86
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Connolly KA, Fitzgerald B, Damo M, Joshi NS. Novel Mouse Models for Cancer Immunology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022; 6:269-291. [PMID: 36875867 PMCID: PMC9979244 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070620-105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models for the study of cancer immunology provide excellent systems in which to test biological mechanisms of the immune response against cancer. Historically, these models have been designed to have different strengths based on the current major research questions at the time. As such, many mouse models of immunology used today were not originally developed to study questions currently plaguing the relatively new field of cancer immunology, but instead have been adapted for such purposes. In this review, we discuss various mouse model of cancer immunology in a historical context as a means to provide a fuller perspective of each model's strengths. From this outlook, we discuss the current state of the art and strategies for tackling future modeling challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Connolly
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Brittany Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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87
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LaFleur MW, Sharpe AH. CRISPR Screens to Identify Regulators of Tumor Immunity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2022; 6:103-122. [PMID: 35989706 PMCID: PMC9389862 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-070120-094725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), have been used in a wide range of tumor types with immense clinical benefit. However, ICB does not work in all patients, and attempts to combine ICB with other immune-based therapies have not lived up to their initial promise. Thus, there is a significant unmet need to discover new targets and combination therapies to extend the benefits of immunotherapy to more patients. Systems biology approaches are well suited for addressing this problem because these approaches enable evaluation of many gene targets simultaneously and ranking their relative importance for a phenotype of interest. As such, loss-of-function CRISPR screens are an emerging set of tools being used to prioritize gene targets for modulating pathways of interest in tumor and immune cells. This review describes the first screens performed to discover cancer immunotherapy targets and the technological advances that will enable next-generation screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Immunology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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88
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Gao YL, Liu YC, Zhang X, Shou ST, Chai YF. Insight Into Regulatory T Cells in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:830784. [PMID: 35370925 PMCID: PMC8965708 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.830784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction during sepsis, and is associated with increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Despite the high incidence and clinical relevance, the exact mechanisms driving SAE pathogenesis are not yet fully understood, and no specific therapeutic strategies are available. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a role in SAE pathogenesis, thought to be related with alleviation of sepsis-induced hyper-inflammation and immune responses, promotion of T helper (Th) 2 cells functional shift, neuroinflammation resolution, improvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, among others. Moreover, in a clinical point of view, these cells have the potential value of improving neurological and psychiatric/mental symptoms in SAE patients. This review aims to provide a general overview of SAE from its initial clinical presentation to long-term cognitive impairment and summarizes the main features of its pathogenesis. Additionally, a detailed overview on the main mechanisms by which Tregs may impact SAE pathogenesis is given. Finally, and considering that Tregs may be a novel target for immunomodulatory intervention in SAE, different therapeutic options, aiming to boost peripheral and brain infiltration of Tregs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-lei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Yu-lei Gao
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai
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89
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Asakawa A, Kawade G, Kurata M, Fukuda S, Onishi I, Kinowaki Y, Ishibashi S, Ikeda M, Watabe S, Kobayashi M, Ishibashi H, Okubo K, Kitagawa M, Yamamoto K. Stratification of lung squamous cell carcinoma based on ferroptosis regulators: Potential for new therapeutic strategies involving ferroptosis induction. Lung Cancer 2022; 165:82-90. [PMID: 35101731 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) exhibits poor response to treatment compared with other lung cancer subtypes, resulting in worse prognosis. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are required for advanced LSCC. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered nonapoptotic cell death caused by intracellular lipid peroxidation that can bring about effective cell death in cancer cells resistant to apoptosis. Hence, ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic strategy for refractory cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we performed clinicopathological and molecular analyses on tumor specimens from 270 patients with squamous cell lung cancer, focusing on the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), which are known to be key regulators of ferroptosis, and the accumulation of 4-hydroxynoneral (4-HNE), a lipid peroxidation marker. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that patients with low 4-HNE accumulation and low levels of GPX4 or FSP1 had significantly worse prognoses than other patients (P = 0.001). This stratification was an independent prognostic predictor (P = 0.003). A dramatic cell death synergistic effect was observed on LSCC-derived LK-2 and EBC1 cells treated with GPX4 and FSP1 inhibitors. This effect was completely inhibited by treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor. Notably, this was not the case in LK-2 cells treated with the apoptosis inhibitor, and in these cells, ferroptosis was induced. CONCLUSION Ferroptosis regulators GPX4 and FSP1 are associated with lung squamous cell cancer cancer's prognosis. We present the clinicopathological and molecular basis of novel therapeutic strategies for refractory LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Asakawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Genji Kawade
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Morito Kurata
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sho Fukuda
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Iichiroh Onishi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Kinowaki
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ishibashi
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masumi Ikeda
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shiori Watabe
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishibashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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90
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Sin JH, Kashyap S, Acenas D, Cortez JT, Lee J, Marson A, Matloubian M, Waterfield MR. ATF7ip Targets Transposable Elements for H3K9me3 Deposition to Modify CD8 + T Cell Effector and Memory Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1155-1169. [PMID: 35110421 PMCID: PMC8881383 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are critical for the immune response to pathogens and tumors, and CD8+ T cell memory protects against repeat infections. In this study, we identify the activating transcription factor 7 interacting protein (ATF7ip) as a critical regulator of CD8+ T cell immune responses. Mice with a T cell-specific deletion of ATF7ip have a CD8+ T cell-intrinsic enhancement of Il7r expression and Il2 expression leading to enhanced effector and memory responses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing studies identified ATF7ip as a repressor of Il7r and Il2 gene expression through the deposition of the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 at the Il7r gene and Il2-Il21 intergenic region. Interestingly, ATF7ip targeted transposable elements for H3K9me3 deposition at both the IL7r locus and the Il2-Il21 intergenic region, indicating that ATF7ip silencing of transposable elements is important for regulating CD8+ T cell function. These results demonstrate a new epigenetic pathway by which IL-7R and IL-2 production are constrained in CD8+ T cells, and this may open up new avenues for modulating their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyung Sin
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sujit Kashyap
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA
| | - Dante Acenas
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA
| | - Jessica T. Cortez
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA,Present Address: Sonoma Biotherapeutics, 400 E. Jamie Ct, Suite 250, South San Francisco CA 94080
| | - James Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mehrdad Matloubian
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA
| | - Michael R. Waterfield
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0795, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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91
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Gao YL, Yao Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Meng XL, Chen XS, Wang CL, Liu YC, Tian X, Shou ST, Chai YF. Regulatory T Cells: Angels or Demons in the Pathophysiology of Sepsis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:829210. [PMID: 35281010 PMCID: PMC8914284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to an infection. Sepsis, especially septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction is a medical emergency associated with high morbidity, high mortality, and prolonged after-effects. Over the past 20 years, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been a key topic of focus in all stages of sepsis research. Tregs play a controversial role in sepsis based on their heterogeneous characteristics, complex organ/tissue-specific patterns in the host, the multi-dimensional heterogeneous syndrome of sepsis, the different types of pathogenic microbiology, and even different types of laboratory research models and clinical research methods. In the context of sepsis, Tregs may be considered both angels and demons. We propose that the symptoms and signs of sepsis can be attenuated by regulating Tregs. This review summarizes the controversial roles and Treg checkpoints in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-lei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai, ; Yu-lei Gao,
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People’s Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-long Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-sen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao-lan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Qiansong Technology Development Company, Beijing, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai, ; Yu-lei Gao,
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92
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Thomas ST, Wierenga KA, Pestka JJ, Olive AJ. Fetal Liver-Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages: A Self-Replicating Ex Vivo Model of Alveolar Macrophages for Functional Genetic Studies. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:156-169. [PMID: 35193942 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are tissue-resident cells in the lungs derived from the fetal liver that maintain lung homeostasis and respond to inhaled stimuli. Although the importance of AMs is undisputed, they remain refractory to standard experimental approaches and high-throughput functional genetics, as they are challenging to isolate and rapidly lose AM properties in standard culture. This limitation hinders our understanding of key regulatory mechanisms that control AM maintenance and function. In this study, we describe the development of a new model, fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), which maintains cellular morphologies, expression profiles, and functional mechanisms similar to murine AMs. FLAMs combine treatment with two key cytokines for AM maintenance, GM-CSF and TGF-β. We leveraged the long-term stability of FLAMs to develop functional genetic tools using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. Targeted editing confirmed the role of AM-specific gene Marco and the IL-1 receptor Il1r1 in modulating the AM response to crystalline silica. Furthermore, a genome-wide knockout library using FLAMs identified novel genes required for surface expression of the AM marker Siglec-F, most notably those related to the peroxisome. Taken together, our results suggest that FLAMs are a stable, self-replicating model of AM function that enables previously impossible global genetic approaches to define the underlying mechanisms of AM maintenance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI
| | - Kathryn A Wierenga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - James J Pestka
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; and.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI;
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93
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Lin K, Shen SH, Lu F, Zheng P, Wu S, Liao J, Jiang X, Zeng G, Wei D. CRISPR screening of E3 ubiquitin ligases reveals Ring Finger Protein 185 as a novel tumor suppressor in glioblastoma repressed by promoter hypermethylation and miR-587. J Transl Med 2022; 20:96. [PMID: 35183197 PMCID: PMC8858481 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor. E3 ligases play important functions in glioma pathogenesis. CRISPR system offers a powerful platform for genome manipulation, while the screen of E3 ligases in GBM still remains to be explored. Here, we first constructed an E3 ligase small guide RNA (sgRNAs) library for glioma cells growth screening. After four passages, 299 significantly enriched or lost genes (SELGs) were compared with the initial state. Then the clinical significance of SELGs were validated and analyzed with TCGA glioblastoma and CGGA datasets. As RNF185 showed lost signal, decreased expression and favorable prognostic significance, we chose RNF185 for functional analysis. In vitro overexpressed cellular phenotype showed that RNF185 was a tumor suppressor in two glioma cell lines. Finally, the molecular mechanism of decreased RNF185 expression was investigated and increased miR-587 expression and DNA hypermethylation was evaluated. This study would provide a link between the molecular basis and glioblastoma pathogenesis, and a novel perspective for glioblastoma treatment.
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94
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Benamar M, Charbonnier L. Large scale regulatory T cells screening. Allergy 2022; 77:705-707. [PMID: 34293821 DOI: 10.1111/all.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Benamar
- Division of Immunology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Louis‐Marie Charbonnier
- Division of Immunology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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95
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Rezalotfi A, Fritz L, Förster R, Bošnjak B. Challenges of CRISPR-Based Gene Editing in Primary T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031689. [PMID: 35163611 PMCID: PMC8835901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive T-cell immunotherapy holds great promise for the successful treatment of leukemia, as well as other types of cancers. More recently, it was also shown to be an effective treatment option for chronic virus infections in immunosuppressed patients. Autologous or allogeneic T cells used for immunotherapy are usually genetically modified to express novel T-cell or chimeric antigen receptors. The production of such cells was significantly simplified with the CRISPR/Cas system, allowing for the deletion or insertion of novel genes at specific locations within the genome. In this review, we describe recent methodological breakthroughs that were important for the conduction of these genetic modifications, summarize crucial points to be considered when conducting such experiments, and highlight the potential pitfalls of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaleh Rezalotfi
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.R.); (L.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Lea Fritz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.R.); (L.F.); (R.F.)
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.R.); (L.F.); (R.F.)
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (A.R.); (L.F.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-9731
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96
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An J, Ding Y, Yu C, Li J, You S, Liu Z, Song P, Zou MH. AMP-activated protein kinase alpha1 promotes tumor development via FOXP3 elevation in tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. iScience 2022; 25:103570. [PMID: 34988407 PMCID: PMC8704466 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that infiltration of tumors by Treg cells with elevated levels of FOXP3 suppresses the host antitumor immune response. However, the molecular mechanisms that maintain high expression of FOXP3 in tumor-infiltrating Treg cells remain elusive. Here, we report that AMP-activated protein kinase alpha1 (AMPKα1) enables high FOXP3 expression in tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. Mice with Treg-specific AMPKα1 deletion showed delayed tumor progression and enhanced antitumor T cell immunity. Further experiments showed that AMPKα1 maintains the functional integrity of Treg cells and prevents interferon-γ production in tumor-infiltrating Treg cells. Mechanistically, AMPKα1 maintains the protein stability of FOXP3 in Treg cells by downregulating the expression of E3 ligase CHIP (STUB1). Our results suggest that AMPKα1 activation promotes tumor growth by maintaining FOXP3 stability in tumor-infiltrating Treg cells and that selective inhibition of AMPK in Treg cells might be an effective anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing An
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ye Ding
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shaojin You
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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97
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Zhang L, Li W, Liu Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Gu Y, He L, Zhou B, Li T, Chao T, Liang Y, Lu L. sgRNA Knock-in Mouse Provides an Alternative Approach for In Vivo Genetic Modification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:769673. [PMID: 35118065 PMCID: PMC8804526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.769673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional genomics in a mammalian model such as mice is fundamental for understanding human biology. The CRISPR/Cas9 system dramatically changed the tempo of obtaining genetic mouse models due to high efficiency. However, experimental evidence for the establishment of sgRNA knock-in animals and analyses of their value in functional genomics are still not sufficient, particularly in mammalian models. In this study, we demonstrate that the establishment of sgRNA knock-in mice is feasible, and more importantly, crosses between sgRNA knock-in mice and the Cas9 constitutively expressing mice result in complete deletion of the target gene. Such sgRNA knock-in provides an alternative approach for in vivo genetic modification and can be useful in multiple circumstances, such as maintenance of genetically modified animals, which are difficult to breed as homozygotes, and cross of such mice to diverse genomic backgrounds to obtain genetically modified animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wushan Li
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanrong Gu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Le He
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianhan Li
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianzhu Chao
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Liaoxun Lu,
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Liaoxun Lu,
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98
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Li G, Li X, Zhuang S, Wang L, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Sun W, Wu Z, Zhou Z, Chen J, Huang X, Wang J, Li D, Li W, Wang H, Wei W. Gene editing and its applications in biomedicine. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:660-700. [PMID: 35235150 PMCID: PMC8889061 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The steady progress in genome editing, especially genome editing based on the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and programmable nucleases to make precise modifications to genetic material, has provided enormous opportunities to advance biomedical research and promote human health. The application of these technologies in basic biomedical research has yielded significant advances in identifying and studying key molecular targets relevant to human diseases and their treatment. The clinical translation of genome editing techniques offers unprecedented biomedical engineering capabilities in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease or disability. Here, we provide a general summary of emerging biomedical applications of genome editing, including open challenges. We also summarize the tools of genome editing and the insights derived from their applications, hoping to accelerate new discoveries and therapies in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Songkuan Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Liren Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yangcan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zeguang Wu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuo Zhou
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Gene Editing Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Bejing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wensheng Wei
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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99
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Johansen KH. How CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Is Revolutionizing T Cell Research. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:53-57. [PMID: 34939826 PMCID: PMC8787706 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 allows for precise gene targeting in mammalian cells, including T cells, allowing scientists to disrupt or edit specific genes of interest. This has enabled immunologists to investigate T cell functions as well as opened the path for novel therapeutics involving gene editing of T cells ex vivo before transferring these back to patients to increase T cell efficacy. This review outlines how CRISPR/Cas9 has transformed T cell research allowing immunologists to rapidly probe the roles of genes in T cells thus paving the way for novel therapeutics. Furthermore, this review describes how these tools reduce the requirement for genetic mouse models, while increasing the translational potential of T cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Haurum Johansen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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100
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Li J, Xu B, He M, Zong X, Cunningham T, Sha C, Fan Y, Cross R, Hanna JH, Feng Y. Control of Foxp3 induction and maintenance by sequential histone acetylation and DNA demethylation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110124. [PMID: 34910919 PMCID: PMC8711072 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play crucial roles in suppressing deleterious immune response. Here, we investigate how Treg cells are mechanistically induced in vitro (iTreg) and stabilized via transcriptional regulation of Treg lineage-specifying factor Foxp3. We find that acetylation of histone tails at the Foxp3 promoter is required for inducing Foxp3 transcription. Upon induction, histone acetylation signals via bromodomain-containing proteins, particularly targets of inhibitor JQ1, and sustains Foxp3 transcription via a global or trans effect. Subsequently, Tet-mediated DNA demethylation of Foxp3 cis-regulatory elements, mainly enhancer CNS2, increases chromatin accessibility and protein binding, stabilizing Foxp3 transcription and obviating the need for the histone acetylation signal. These processes transform stochastic iTreg induction into a stable cell fate, with the former sensitive and the latter resistant to genetic and environmental perturbations. Thus, sequential histone acetylation and DNA demethylation in Foxp3 induction and maintenance reflect stepwise mechanical switches governing iTreg cell lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Minghong He
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xinying Zong
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Trevor Cunningham
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cher Sha
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard Cross
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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