51
|
Nürge B, Schulz AL, Kaemmerer D, Sänger J, Evert K, Schulz S, Lupp A. Immunohistochemical identification of complement peptide C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) in non-neoplastic and neoplastic human tissues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246939. [PMID: 33606748 PMCID: PMC7894821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement component C5a and its receptor C5aR1 are involved in the development of numerous inflammatory diseases. In addition to immune cells, C5aR1 is expressed in neoplastic cells of multiple tumour entities, where C5aR1 is associated with a higher proliferation rate, advanced tumour stage, and poor patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to obtain a broad expression profile of C5aR1 in human non-neoplastic and neoplastic tissues, especially in tumour entities not investigated in this respect so far. For this purpose, we generated a novel polyclonal rabbit antibody, {5227}, against the carboxy-terminal tail of C5aR1. The antibody was initially characterised in Western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry using transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. It was then applied to a large series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded non-neoplastic and neoplastic human tissue samples. C5aR1 was strongly expressed by different types of immune cells in the majority of tissue samples investigated. C5aR1 was also present in alveolar macrophages, bronchial, gut, and bile duct epithelia, Kupffer cells, occasionally in hepatocytes, proximal renal tubule cells, placental syncytiotrophoblasts, and distinct stem cell populations of bone marrow. C5aR1 was also highly expressed in the vast majority of the 32 tumour entities investigated, where a hitherto unappreciated high prevalence of the receptor was detected in thyroid carcinomas, small-cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumours, and endometrial carcinomas. In addition to confirming published findings, we found noticeable C5aR1 expression in many tumour entities for the first time. Here, it may serve as an interesting target for future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nürge
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alan Lennart Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Laboratory of Pathology and Cytology Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Katja Evert
- Department of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Asavapanumas N, Tradtrantip L, Verkman AS. Targeting the complement system in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1073-1086. [PMID: 33513036 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1884223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is characterized by central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. In AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies against astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) cause tissue injury. Compelling evidence supports a pathogenic role for complement activation following AQP4-IgG binding to AQP4. Clinical studies supported the approval of eculizumab, an inhibitor of C5 cleavage, in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD. AREAS COVERED This review covers in vitro, animal models, and human evidence for complement-dependent and complement-independent tissue injury in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD. Complement targets are discussed, including complement proteins, regulators and anaphylatoxin receptors, and corresponding drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION Though preclinical data support a central pathogenic role of complement activation in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, they do not resolve the relative contributions of complement-dependent vs. complement-independent disease mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, T cell effector mechanisms, and direct AQP4-IgG-induced cellular injury. The best evidence that complement-dependent mechanisms predominate in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD comes from eculizumab clinical data. Various drug candidates targeting distinct complement effector mechanisms may offer improved safety and efficacy. However, notwithstanding the demonstrated efficacy of complement inhibition in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, the ultimate niche for complement inhibition is not clear given multiple drug options with alternative mechanisms of action.Abbreviations: AAV2, Adeno-associated virus 2; ADCC, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; ANCA, antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody; AQP4, aquaporin-4; AQP4-IgG, AQP4-immunoglobulin G; C1-INH, C1-esterase inhibitor; C3aR, C3a receptor; C4BP, C4 binding protein; C5aR, C5a receptor; CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity; CFHR1, complement factor H related 1; CNS, central nervous system; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; EndoS, endoglycosidase S; FHL-1, factor-H-like protein 1; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; Iba-1, ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IVIG, intravenous human immunoglobulin G; MAC, membrane attack complex; MBL, maltose-binding lectin; MBP, myelin basic protein; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; NK cell, natural killer cell; NMOSD, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; OAP, orthogonal arrays of particles; PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithi Asavapanumas
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lukmanee Tradtrantip
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Complement 5 Inhibition Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Mice, Dominantly via the C5a-mediated Cascade. Transplantation 2021; 104:2065-2077. [PMID: 32384381 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious complication in liver surgeries, including transplantation. Complement activation seems to be closely involved in hepatic IRI; however, no complement-targeted intervention has been clinically applied. We investigated the therapeutic potential of Complement 5 (C5)-targeted regulation in hepatic IRI. METHODS C5-knockout (B10D2/oSn) and their corresponding wild-type mice (WT, B10D2/nSn) were exposed to 90-minute partial (70%) hepatic ischemia/reperfusion with either anti-mouse-C5 monoclonal antibody (BB5.1) or corresponding control immunoglobulin administration 30 minutes before ischemia. C5a receptor 1 antagonist was also given to WT to identify which cascade, C5a or C5b-9, is dominant. RESULTS C5-knockout and anti-C5-Ab administration to WT both significantly reduced serum transaminase release and histopathological damages from 2 hours after reperfusion. This improvement was characterized by significantly reduced CD41+ platelet aggregation, maintained F4/80+ cells, and decreased high-mobility group box 1 release. After 6 hours of reperfusion, the infiltration of CD11+ and Ly6-G+ cells, cytokine/chemokine expression, single-stranded DNA+ cells, and cleaved caspase-3 expression were all significantly alleviated by anti-C5-Ab. C5a receptor 1 antagonist was as effective as anti-C5-Ab for reducing transaminases. CONCLUSIONS Anti-C5 antibody significantly ameliorated hepatic IRI, predominantly via the C5a-mediated cascade, not only by inhibiting platelet aggregation during the early phase but also by attenuating the activation of infiltrating macrophages/neutrophils and hepatocyte apoptosis in the late phase of reperfusion. Given its efficacy, clinical availability, and controllability, C5-targeted intervention may provide a novel therapeutic strategy against hepatic IRI.
Collapse
|
54
|
Complement-5 Inhibition Deters Progression of Fulminant Hepatitis to Acute Liver Failure in Murine Models. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1351-1367. [PMID: 33444818 PMCID: PMC8022253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition with limited treatment alternatives. ALF pathogenesis seemingly involves the complement system. However, no complement-targeted intervention has been clinically applied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of Complement-5 (C5)-targeted ALF treatment. METHODS ALF was induced in C5-knockout (KO, B10D2/oSn) mice and their wild-type (WT) counterparts (B10D2/nSn) through intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (D-GalN) administration. Thereafter, monoclonal anti-C5 antibody (Ab) or control immunoglobulin was administered intravenously. Furthermore, a selective C5a-receptor (C5aR) antagonist was administered to WT mice to compare its efficacy with that of anti-C5-Ab-mediated total C5 inhibition. We clarified the therapeutic effect of delayed anti-C5-Ab administration after LPS/D-GalN challenge. We also assessed the efficacy of anti-C5-Ab in another ALF model, using concanavalin-A. RESULTS Liver injury was evident 6 hours after LPS/D-GalN administration. C5-KO and anti-C5-Ab treatment significantly improved overall animal survival and significantly reduced serum transaminase and high-mobility group box-1 release with decreased histological tissue damage. This improvement was characterized by significantly reduced CD41+ platelet aggregation, maintained F4/80+ cells, and less infiltration of CD11+/Ly6-G+ cells with lower cytokine/chemokine expression. Furthermore, C5-KO and anti-C5-Ab downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α production by macrophages before inducing marked liver injury. Moreover, single-stranded-DNA cells and caspase activation were reduced, indicating significant attenuation of apoptosis. Anti-C5-Ab treatment protected the liver more effectively than the C5aR antagonist, and its delayed doses were hepatoprotective. In addition, anti-C5-Ab treatment was effective against concanavalin-A-induced ALF. CONCLUSIONS C5 inhibition effectively suppresses progression to ALF in mice models of fulminant hepatitis, serving as a new potential treatment strategy for ALF.
Collapse
|
55
|
La-Beck NM, Islam MR, Markiewski MM. Nanoparticle-Induced Complement Activation: Implications for Cancer Nanomedicine. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603039. [PMID: 33488603 PMCID: PMC7819852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based anticancer medications were first approved for cancer treatment almost 2 decades ago. Patients benefit from these approaches because of the targeted-drug delivery and reduced toxicity, however, like other therapies, adverse reactions often limit their use. These reactions are linked to the interactions of nanoparticles with the immune system, including the activation of complement. This activation can cause well-characterized acute inflammatory reactions mediated by complement effectors. However, the long-term implications of chronic complement activation on the efficacy of drugs carried by nanoparticles remain obscured. The recent discovery of protumor roles of complement raises the possibility that nanoparticle-induced complement activation may actually reduce antitumor efficacy of drugs carried by nanoparticles. We discuss here the initial evidence supporting this notion. Better understanding of the complex interactions between nanoparticles, complement, and the tumor microenvironment appears to be critical for development of nanoparticle-based anticancer therapies that are safer and more efficacious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninh M La-Beck
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Md Rakibul Islam
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
唐 远, 罗 高, 贺 伟. [Analysis of the Development Mechanism of Cytokine Storm in Severe Burn Patients Complicated with Infection]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2021; 52:16-21. [PMID: 33474883 PMCID: PMC10408939 DOI: 10.12182/20210160206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the early stage of infection in severe burn patients, the killing function of the natural immune cells is continuously low, which causes the immune system to continuously and compensatorily secrete a large amount of cytokines to improve the ability to resist bacterial infection. Once the cytokine secretion is out of control, a cytokine storm will form. In the late stage of severe burn infection, the bone marrow mobilization caused by continuous acute myelodysplasia will be exhausted, the level of immune response will be low, and the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors promoting repair will be increased, which will lead to immune suppression. Cytokine storm after burn infection is caused by excessive proinflammatory stimulation, inadequate inflammatory regulation, or a combination of the two. From the perspective of immunology, this review will briefly summarize the changing process of immune response against pathogenic bacteria after severe burn infection, cytokine storm in the early stage of severe burn infection and the mechanism of occurrence and transformation of immunosuppression in the late stage of severe burn infection. We suggest that future research direction from the following aspects: Mechanism of low bacterial killing function of innate immune cells after severe burns; The mechanism by which acute myeloid hyperplasia leads to myeloid inhibitory cells (MDSC) and nucleated erythrocytosis during the development of cytokine storms; The key regulatory mechanism between macrophage phagocytic dysfunction and cytokine hyperactivity; The role and key regulatory mechanism of destruction of the dynamic balance of M1/M2 macrophages and effector/regulatory T cells in triggering immune suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 远洋 唐
- 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 全军烧伤研究所 创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室重庆市疾病蛋白质组学重点实验室 (重庆 400038)State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
- 重庆大学生物工程学院 (重庆 400044)Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - 高兴 罗
- 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 全军烧伤研究所 创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室重庆市疾病蛋白质组学重点实验室 (重庆 400038)State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - 伟峰 贺
- 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院 全军烧伤研究所 创伤、烧伤与复合伤国家重点实验室重庆市疾病蛋白质组学重点实验室 (重庆 400038)State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Dumitru AC, Deepak RNVK, Liu H, Koehler M, Zhang C, Fan H, Alsteens D. Submolecular probing of the complement C5a receptor-ligand binding reveals a cooperative two-site binding mechanism. Commun Biol 2020; 3:786. [PMID: 33339958 PMCID: PMC7749166 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A current challenge to produce effective therapeutics is to accurately determine the location of the ligand-biding site and to characterize its properties. So far, the mechanisms underlying the functional activation of cell surface receptors by ligands with a complex binding mechanism remain poorly understood due to a lack of suitable nanoscopic methods to study them in their native environment. Here, we elucidated the ligand-binding mechanism of the human G protein-coupled C5a receptor (C5aR). We discovered for the first time a cooperativity between the two orthosteric binding sites. We found that the N-terminus C5aR serves as a kinetic trap, while the transmembrane domain acts as the functional site and both contributes to the overall high-affinity interaction. In particular, Asp282 plays a key role in ligand binding thermodynamics, as revealed by atomic force microscopy and steered molecular dynamics simulation. Our findings provide a new structural basis for the functional and mechanistic understanding of the GPCR family that binds large macromolecular ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andra C Dumitru
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R N V Krishna Deepak
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melanie Koehler
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - David Alsteens
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ort M, Dingemanse J, van den Anker J, Kaufmann P. Treatment of Rare Inflammatory Kidney Diseases: Drugs Targeting the Terminal Complement Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599417. [PMID: 33362783 PMCID: PMC7758461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system comprises the frontline of the innate immune system. Triggered by pathogenic surface patterns in different pathways, the cascade concludes with the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC; complement components C5b to C9) and C5a, a potent anaphylatoxin that elicits various inflammatory signals through binding to C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). Despite its important role in pathogen elimination, priming and recruitment of myeloid cells from the immune system, as well as crosstalk with other physiological systems, inadvertent activation of the complement system can result in self-attack and overreaction in autoinflammatory diseases. Consequently, it constitutes an interesting target for specialized therapies. The paradigm of safe and efficacious terminal complement pathway inhibition has been demonstrated by the approval of eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hematuria. In addition, complement contribution in rare kidney diseases, such as lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathy, or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis has been demonstrated. This review summarizes the involvement of the terminal effector agents of the complement system in these diseases and provides an overview of inhibitors for complement components C5, C5a, C5aR1, and MAC that are currently in clinical development. Furthermore, a link between increased complement activity and lung damage in severe COVID-19 patients is discussed and the potential for use of complement inhibitors in COVID-19 is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ort
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland.,Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - John van den Anker
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Priska Kaufmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Wang Y, Yu Z, Xiao W, Lu S, Zhang J. Allosteric binding sites at the receptor-lipid bilayer interface: novel targets for GPCR drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:690-703. [PMID: 33301977 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a superfamily of membrane receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have significant roles in human physiological processes, including cell proliferation, metabolism, and neuromodulation. GPCRs are vital targets of therapeutic drugs, and their allosteric regulation represents a novel direction for drug discovery. Given the numerous breakthroughs in structural biology, diverse allosteric sites on GPCRs have been identified within the extracellular and intracellular loops, and the seven core transmembrane helices. However, a unique type of allosteric site has also been discovered at the interface of the receptor-lipid bilayer, similar to the β2-adrenergic receptor. Here, we review recent identifications of these allosteric sites and the detailed modulator-target interactions within the interface for each modulator to highlight the role of lipids in GPCR allosteric drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhengtian Yu
- Nutshell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Nutshell Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
The Role of Complement in Angiogenesis. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040067. [PMID: 33271774 PMCID: PMC7709120 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The link of the complement system to angiogenesis has remained circumstantial and speculative for several years. Perhaps the most clinically relevant example of possible involvement of complement in pathological neovascularization is age-related macular degeneration. Recent studies, however, provide more direct and experimental evidence that indeed the complement system regulates physiological and pathological angiogenesis in models of wound healing, retinal regeneration, age-related macular degeneration, and cancer. Interestingly, complement-dependent mechanisms involved in angiogenesis are very much context dependent, including anti- and proangiogenic functions. Here, we discuss these new developments that place complement among other important regulators of homeostatic and pathological angiogenesis, and we provide the perspective on how these newly discovered complement functions can be targeted for therapy.
Collapse
|
61
|
Schartz ND, Tenner AJ. The good, the bad, and the opportunities of the complement system in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:354. [PMID: 33239010 PMCID: PMC7690210 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement cascade is a critical effector mechanism of the innate immune system that contributes to the rapid clearance of pathogens and dead or dying cells, as well as contributing to the extent and limit of the inflammatory immune response. In addition, some of the early components of this cascade have been clearly shown to play a beneficial role in synapse elimination during the development of the nervous system, although excessive complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the adult or injured brain may be detrimental in multiple neurogenerative disorders. While many of these later studies have been in mouse models, observations consistent with this notion have been reported in human postmortem examination of brain tissue. Increasing awareness of distinct roles of C1q, the initial recognition component of the classical complement pathway, that are independent of the rest of the complement cascade, as well as the relationship with other signaling pathways of inflammation (in the periphery as well as the central nervous system), highlights the need for a thorough understanding of these molecular entities and pathways to facilitate successful therapeutic design, including target identification, disease stage for treatment, and delivery in specific neurologic disorders. Here, we review the evidence for both beneficial and detrimental effects of complement components and activation products in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence for requisite co-factors for the diverse consequences are reviewed, as well as the recent studies that support the possibility of successful pharmacological approaches to suppress excessive and detrimental complement-mediated chronic inflammation, while preserving beneficial effects of complement components, to slow the progression of neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Schartz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Reese B, Silwal A, Daugherity E, Daugherity M, Arabi M, Daly P, Paterson Y, Woolford L, Christie A, Elias R, Brugarolas J, Wang T, Karbowniczek M, Markiewski MM. Complement as Prognostic Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Renal Cell Carcinoma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3218-3229. [PMID: 33158953 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies demonstrated that complement promotes tumor growth. Therefore, we sought to determine the best target for complement-based therapy among common human malignancies. High expression of 11 complement genes was linked to unfavorable prognosis in renal cell carcinoma. Complement protein expression or deposition was observed mainly in stroma, leukocytes, and tumor vasculature, corresponding to a role of complement in regulating the tumor microenvironment. Complement abundance in tumors correlated with a high nuclear grade. Complement genes clustered within an aggressive inflammatory subtype of renal cancer characterized by poor prognosis, markers of T cell dysfunction, and alternatively activated macrophages. Plasma levels of complement proteins correlated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Corroborating human data, complement deficiencies and blockade reduced tumor growth by enhancing antitumor immunity and seemingly reducing angiogenesis in a mouse model of kidney cancer resistant to PD-1 blockade. Overall, this study implicates complement in the immune landscape of renal cell carcinoma, and notwithstanding cohort size and preclinical model limitations, the data suggest that tumors resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors might be suitable targets for complement-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britney Reese
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Ashok Silwal
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Elizabeth Daugherity
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Michael Daugherity
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Mahshid Arabi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Pierce Daly
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Yvonne Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Layton Woolford
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390.,Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Alana Christie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390.,Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Roy Elias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390.,Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - James Brugarolas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390.,Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Tao Wang
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and.,The Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601;
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Nguyen HD, Allaire A, Diamandis P, Bisaillon M, Scott MS, Richer M. A machine learning analysis of a "normal-like" IDH-WT diffuse glioma transcriptomic subgroup associated with prolonged survival reveals novel immune and neurotransmitter-related actionable targets. BMC Med 2020; 18:280. [PMID: 33059718 PMCID: PMC7565364 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification of primary central nervous system tumors according to the World Health Organization guidelines follows the integration of histologic interpretation with molecular information and aims at providing the most precise prognosis and optimal patient management. According to the cIMPACT-NOW update 3, diffuse isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild type (IDH-WT) gliomas should be graded as grade IV glioblastomas (GBM) if they possess one or more of the following molecular markers that predict aggressive clinical course: EGFR amplification, TERT promoter mutation, and whole-chromosome 7 gain combined with chromosome 10 loss. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma expression datasets were reanalyzed in order to identify novel tumor subcategories which would be considered as GBM-equivalents with the current diagnostic algorithm. Unsupervised clustering allowed the identification of previously unrecognized transcriptomic subcategories. A supervised machine learning algorithm (k-nearest neighbor model) was also used to identify gene signatures specific to some of these subcategories. RESULTS We identified 14 IDH-WT infiltrating gliomas displaying a "normal-like" (NL) transcriptomic profile associated with a longer survival. Genes such as C5AR1 (complement receptor), SLC32A1 (vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter), MSR1 (or CD204, scavenger receptor A), and SYT5 (synaptotagmin 5) were differentially expressed and comprised in gene signatures specific to NL IDH-WT gliomas which were validated further using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas datasets. These gene signatures showed high discriminative power and correlation with survival. CONCLUSION NL IDH-WT gliomas represent an infiltrating glioma subcategory with a superior prognosis which can only be detected using genome-wide analysis. Differential expression of genes potentially involved in immune checkpoint and amino acid signaling pathways is providing insight into mechanisms of gliomagenesis and could pave the way to novel treatment targets for infiltrating gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. D. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec Canada
| | - A. Allaire
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec Canada
| | - P. Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - M. Bisaillon
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec Canada
| | - M. S. Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec Canada
| | - M. Richer
- Department of Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec Canada
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Le Fournis C, Jeanneau C, Roumani S, Giraud T, About I. Pulp Fibroblast Contribution to the Local Control of Pulp Inflammation via Complement Activation. J Endod 2020; 46:S26-S32. [PMID: 32950192 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Upon traumatic injuries or carious lesions, the elimination of bacteria infiltrating the pulp is recognized as a prerequisite for initiating the regeneration process. Complement is a major system involved in initiating the inflammatory reaction and the subsequent bacteria elimination. This plasma system of above 35 proteins is synthesized by the liver and some immune cells. It is activated by 3 pathways: the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways that can be triggered by physical injuries, infection, and biomaterials. Recent data have shown that the pulp fibroblast represents a unique nonimmune cell type able to synthesize Complement proteins. Indeed, after physical injuries/bacteria stimulation, the pulp fibroblast has been shown to synthesize and to activate the complement system leading to the production of biologically active molecules such as C5a, C3b, and the membrane attack complex. This local secretion represents a rapid and efficient mechanism for eliminating bacteria invading the pulp, thus supporting complement activation from the plasma. Pulp fibroblast-secreted Complement proteins allow cariogenic bacteria direct lysis via membrane attack complex formation on their surface, phagocytic cell recruitment by producing C5a and cariogenic bacteria opsonization by C3b fixation on their surface, stimulating cariogenic bacteria phagocytosis. Overall, this review highlights that, in addition to initiating the inflammatory reaction, pulp fibroblasts also provide a powerful control of this inflammation via local Complement activation. The pathogen elimination capacity by fibroblast-produced complement demonstrates that this system is a strong local actor in arresting bacterial progression into the dental pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Le Fournis
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Jeanneau
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Roumani
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Giraud
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone, Service d'Odontologie, Marseille, France
| | - Imad About
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Eicosanoid production varies by sex in mesenteric ischemia reperfusion injury. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108596. [PMID: 32961332 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury is an inflammatory response with significant morbidity and mortality. The early inflammatory response includes neutrophil infiltration. However, the majority of rodent studies utilize male mice despite a sexual dimorphism in intestinal I/R-related diseases. We hypothesized that sex may alter inflammation by changing neutrophil infiltration and eicosanoid production. To test this hypothesis, male and female C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to sham treatment or 30 min intestinal ischemia followed by a time course of reperfusion. We demonstrate that compared to male mice, females sustain significantly less intestinal I/R-induced tissue damage and produced significant LTB4 concentrations. Male mice release PGE2. Finally, treatment with a COX-2 specific inhibitor, NS-398, attenuated I/R-induced injury, total peroxidase level, and PGE2 production in males, but not in similarly treated female mice. Thus, I/R-induced eicosanoid production and neutrophil infiltration varies between sexes suggesting that distinct therapeutic intervention may be needed in clinical ischemic diseases.
Collapse
|
66
|
Villas-Boas IM, Pidde G, Lichtenstein F, Ching ATC, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IDLM, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Madureira Trufen CE, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Morais KLP, Tambourgi DV. Human Chondrocyte Activation by Toxins From Premolis semirufa, an Amazon Rainforest Moth Caterpillar: Identifying an Osteoarthritis Signature. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2191. [PMID: 33072083 PMCID: PMC7531038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pararamosis is a disease that occurs due to contact with the hairs of the larval stage of the Brazilian moth Premolis semirufa. Envenomation induces osteoarticular alterations with cartilage impairment that resembles joint synovitis. Thus, the toxic venom present in the caterpillar hairs interferes with the phenotype of the cells present in the joints, resulting in inflammation and promoting tissue injury. Therefore, to address the inflammatory mechanisms triggered by envenomation, we studied the effects of P. semirufa hair extract on human chondrocytes. We have selected for the investigation, cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), complement components, eicosanoids, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components related to OA and RA. In addition, for measuring protein-coding mRNAs of some molecules associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reverse transcription (RT) was performed followed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and we performed the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the chondrocytes transcriptome. In the supernatant of cell cultures treated with the extract, we observed increased IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, prostaglandin E2, metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13), and complement system components (C3, C4, and C5). We noticed a significant decrease in both aggrecan and type II collagen and an increase in HMGB1 protein in chondrocytes after extract treatment. RNA-seq analysis of the chondrocyte transcriptome allowed us to identify important pathways related to the inflammatory process of the disease, such as the inflammatory response, chemotaxis of immune cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Thus, these results suggest that components of Premolis semirufa hair have strong inflammatory potential and are able to induce cartilage degradation and ECM remodeling, promoting a disease with an osteoarthritis signature. Modulation of the signaling pathways that were identified as being involved in this pathology may be a promising approach to develop new therapeutic strategies for the control of pararamosis and other inflammatory joint diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio Lichtenstein
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Li XX, Lee JD, Massey NL, Guan C, Robertson AAB, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM. Pharmacological characterisation of small molecule C5aR1 inhibitors in human cells reveals biased activities for signalling and function. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114156. [PMID: 32682759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The complement fragment C5a is a core effector of complement activation. C5a, acting through its major receptor C5aR1, exerts powerful pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Dysregulation of the C5a-C5aR1 axis has been implicated in numerous immune disorders, and the therapeutic inhibition of this axis is therefore imperative for the treatment of these diseases. A myriad of small-molecule C5aR1 inhibitors have been developed and independently characterised over the past two decades, however the pharmacological properties of these compounds has been difficult to directly compare due to the wide discrepancies in the model, read-out, ligand dose and instrumentation implemented across individual studies. Here, we performed a systematic characterisation of the most commonly reported and clinically advanced small-molecule C5aR1 inhibitors (peptidic: PMX53, PMX205 and JPE1375; non-peptide: W545011, NDT9513727, DF2593A and CCX168). Through signalling assays measuring C5aR1-mediated cAMP and ERK1/2 signalling, and β-arrestin 2 recruitment, this study highlighted the signalling-pathway dependence of the rank order of potencies of the C5aR1 inhibitors. Functional experiments performed in primary human macrophages demonstrated the high insurmountable antagonistic potencies for the peptidic inhibitors as compared to the non-peptide compounds. Finally, wash-out studies provided novel insights into the duration of inhibition of the C5aR1 inhibitors, and confirmed the long-lasting antagonistic properties of PMX53 and CCX168. Overall, this study revealed the potent and prolonged antagonistic activities of selected peptidic C5aR1 inhibitors and the unique pharmacological profile of CCX168, which thus represent ideal candidates to fulfil diverse C5aR1 research and clinical therapeutic needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia
| | | | - Carolyn Guan
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | | | | | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Li XX, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM. C5aR2 Activation Broadly Modulates the Signaling and Function of Primary Human Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1102-1112. [PMID: 32611725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complement activation fragment C5a is a potent proinflammatory mediator that is increasingly recognized as an immune modulator. C5a acts through two C5a receptors, C5aR1 (C5aR, CD88) and C5aR2 (C5L2, GPR77), to powerfully modify multiple aspects of immune cell function. Although C5aR1 is generally acknowledged to be proinflammatory and immune-activating, the potential roles played by C5aR2 remain poorly defined. Despite studies demonstrating C5aR2 can modulate C5aR1 in human cells, it is not yet known whether C5aR2 functionality is limited to, or requires, C5aR1 activation or influences immune cells more broadly. The present study, therefore, aimed to characterize the roles of C5aR2 on the signaling and function of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, using a C5aR2 agonist (Ac-RHYPYWR-OH; P32) to selectively activate the receptor. We found that although C5aR2 activation with P32 by itself was devoid of any detectable MAPK signaling activities, C5aR2 agonism significantly dampened C5aR1-, C3aR-, and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1)-mediated ERK signaling and altered intracellular calcium mobilization mediated by these receptors. Functionally, selective C5aR2 activation also downregulated cytokine production triggered by various TLRs (TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7), C-type lectin receptors (Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Mincle), and the cytosolic DNA sensor stimulator of IFN genes (STING). Surprisingly, activity at the C-type lectin receptors was particularly powerful, with C5aR2 activation reducing Mincle-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α generation by 80-90%. In sum, this study demonstrates that C5aR2 possesses pleiotropic functions in primary human macrophages, highlighting the role of C5aR2 as a powerful regulator of innate immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Brayden D, Hill T, Fairlie D, Maher S, Mrsny R. Systemic delivery of peptides by the oral route: Formulation and medicinal chemistry approaches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:2-36. [PMID: 32479930 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In its 33 years, ADDR has published regularly on the po5tential of oral delivery of biologics especially peptides and proteins. In the intervening period, analysis of the preclinical and clinical trial failures of many purported platform technologies has led to reflection on the true status of the field and reigning in of expectations. Oral formulations of semaglutide, octreotide, and salmon calcitonin have completed Phase III trials, with oral semaglutide being approved by the FDA in 2019. The progress made with oral peptide formulations based on traditional permeation enhancers is against a background of low and variable oral bioavailability values of ~1%, leading to a current perception that only potent peptides with a viable cost of synthesis can be realistically considered. Desirable features of candidates should include a large therapeutic index, some stability in the GI tract, a long elimination half-life, and a relatively low clearance rate. Administration in nanoparticle formats have largely disappointed, with few prototypes reaching clinical trials: insufficient particle loading, lack of controlled release, low epithelial particle uptake, and lack of scalable synthesis being the main reasons for discontinuation. Disruptive technologies based on engineered devices promise improvements, but scale-up and toxicology aspects are issues to address. In parallel, medicinal chemists are synthesizing stable hydrophobic macrocyclic candidate peptides of lower molecular weight and with potential for greater oral bioavailability than linear peptides, but perhaps without the same requirement for elaborate drug delivery systems. In summary, while there have been advances in understanding the limitations of peptides for oral delivery, low membrane permeability, metabolism, and high clearance rates continue to hamper progress.
Collapse
|
70
|
Goldberg BS, Ackerman ME. Antibody-mediated complement activation in pathology and protection. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:305-317. [PMID: 32142167 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent complement activity is associated not only with autoimmune morbidity, but also with antitumor efficacy. In infectious disease, both recombinant monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies generated in natural adaptive responses can mediate complement activity to protective, therapeutic or disease-enhancing effect. Recent advances have contributed to the structural resolution of molecular complexes involved in antibody-mediated complement activation, defining the avid nature of participating interactions and pointing to how antibody isotype, subclass, hinge flexibility, glycosylation state, amino acid sequence and the contextual nature of the cognate antigen/epitope are all factors that can determine complement activity through impact on antibody multimerization and subsequent recruitment of complement component 1q. Beyond the efficiency of activation, complement activation products interact with various cell types that mediate immune adherence, trafficking, immune education and innate functions. Similarly, depending on the anatomical location and extent of activation, complement can support homeostatic restoration or be leveraged by pathogens or neoplasms to enhance infection or promote tumorigenic microenvironments, respectively. Advances in means to suppress complement activation by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), IVIG mimetics and complement-intervening antibodies represent proven and promising exploratory therapeutic strategies, while antibody engineering has likewise offered frameworks to enhance, eliminate or isolate complement activation to interrogate in vivo mechanisms of action. Such strategies promise to support the optimization of antibody-based drugs that are able to tackle emerging and difficult-to-treat diseases by improving our understanding of the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between antibody mechanisms mediated by Fc receptors, direct binding and the products of complement activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Li XX, Lee JD, Kemper C, Woodruff TM. The Complement Receptor C5aR2: A Powerful Modulator of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 202:3339-3348. [PMID: 31160390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation generates the core effector protein C5a, a potent immune molecule that is linked to multiple inflammatory diseases. Two C5a receptors, C5aR1 (C5aR, CD88) and C5aR2 (C5L2, GPR77), mediate the biological activities of C5a. Although C5aR1 has broadly acknowledged proinflammatory roles, C5aR2 remains at the center of controversy, with existing findings supporting both immune-activating and immune-dampening functions. Recent progress has been made toward resolving these issues. Instead of being a pure recycler and sequester of C5a, C5aR2 is capable of mediating its own set of signaling events and through these events exerting significant immunomodulatory effects not only toward C5aR1 but also other pattern recognition receptors and innate immune systems, such as NLRP3 inflammasomes. This review highlights the existing knowns and unknowns concerning C5aR2 and provides a timely update on recent breakthroughs which are expected to have a substantial impact on future fundamental and translational C5aR2 research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ghouse SM, Vadrevu SK, Manne S, Reese B, Patel J, Patel B, Silwal A, Lodhi N, Paterson Y, Srivastava SK, Karbowniczek M, Markiewski MM. Therapeutic Targeting of Vasculature in the Premetastatic and Metastatic Niches Reduces Lung Metastasis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:990-1000. [PMID: 31900334 PMCID: PMC7012400 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the metastasis-targeted organs, angiogenesis is essential for the progression of dormant micrometastases to rapidly growing and clinically overt lesions. However, we observed changes suggesting angiogenic switching in the mouse lungs prior to arrival of tumor cells (i.e., in the premetastatic niche) in the models of breast carcinoma. This angiogenic switching appears to be caused by myeloid-derived suppressor cells recruited to the premetastatic lungs through complement C5a receptor 1 signaling. These myeloid cells are known to secrete several proangiogenic factors in tumors, including IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and we found upregulation of these genes in the premetastatic lungs. Blockade of C5a receptor 1 synergized with antiangiogenic Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccines to decrease the lung metastatic burden by reducing vascular density and improving antitumor immunity in the lungs. This was mediated even when growth of primary breast tumors was not affected by these treatments. This work provides initial evidence that angiogenesis contributes to the premetastatic niche in rapidly progressing cancers and that inhibiting this process through immunotherapy is beneficial for reducing or even preventing metastasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Combined Modality Therapy/methods
- Complement C5a/immunology
- Complement C5a/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- Neoplasm Metastasis/immunology
- Neoplasm Metastasis/therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/therapy
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/genetics
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanawaz M Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Surya K Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Britney Reese
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Jalpa Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Bhaumik Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Ashok Silwal
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Yvonne Paterson
- Department of Microbiology, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601;
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Rowley JA, Reid RC, Poon EKY, Wu KC, Lim J, Lohman RJ, Hamidon JK, Yau MK, Halili MA, Durek T, Iyer A, Fairlie DP. Potent Thiophene Antagonists of Human Complement C3a Receptor with Anti-Inflammatory Activity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:529-541. [PMID: 31910011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships for a series of small-molecule thiophenes resulted in potent and selective antagonism of human Complement C3a receptor. The compounds are about 100-fold more potent than the most reported antagonist SB290157. A new compound JR14a was among the most potent of the new antagonists in vitro, assessed by (a) inhibition of intracellular calcium release (IC50 10 nM) induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by 100 nM C3a, (b) inhibition of β-hexosaminidase secretion (IC50 8 nM) from human LAD2 mast cells degranulated by 100 nM C3a, and (c) selectivity for human C3aR over C5aR. JR14a was metabolically stable in rat plasma and in rat liver microsomes and efficacious in rats when given orally to suppress rat paw inflammation, macrophage and mast cell activation, and histopathology induced by intraplantar paw administration of a C3aR agonist. Potent C3aR antagonists are now available for interrogating C3a receptor activation and suppressing C3aR-mediated inflammation in mammalian physiology and disease.
Collapse
|
74
|
|
75
|
Muenstermann M, Strobel L, Klos A, Wetsel RA, Woodruff TM, Köhl J, Johswich KO. Distinct roles of the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 in experimental meningococcal infections. Virulence 2019; 10:677-694. [PMID: 31274379 PMCID: PMC6650196 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1640035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is pivotal in the defense against invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nme, meningococcus), particularly via the membrane attack complex. Complement activation liberates the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, which activate three distinct G-protein coupled receptors, C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 (anaphylatoxin receptors, ATRs). We recently discovered that C5aR1 exacerbates the course of the disease, revealing a downside of complement in Nme sepsis. Here, we compared the roles of all three ATRs during mouse nasal colonization, intraperitoneal infection and human whole blood infection with Nme. Deficiency of complement or ATRs did not alter nasal colonization, but significantly affected invasive disease: Compared to WT mice, the disease was aggravated in C3ar-/- mice, whereas C5ar1-/- and C5ar2-/- mice showed increased resistance to meningococcal sepsis. Surprisingly, deletion of either of the ATRs resulted in lower cytokine/chemokine responses, irrespective of the different susceptibilities of the mice. This was similar in ex vivo human whole blood infection using ATR inhibitors. Neutrophil responses to Nme were reduced in C5ar1-/- mouse blood. Upon stimulation with C5a plus Nme, mouse macrophages displayed reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, when C5aR1 or C5aR2 were ablated or inhibited, suggesting that both C5a-receptors prime an initial macrophage response to Nme. Finally, in vivo blockade of C5aR1 alone (PMX205) or along with C5aR2 (A8Δ71-73) resulted in ameliorated disease, whereas neither antagonizing C3aR (SB290157) nor its activation with a "super-agonist" peptide (WWGKKYRASKLGLAR) demonstrated a benefit. Thus, C5aR1 and C5aR2 augment disease pathology and are interesting targets for treatment, whereas C3aR is protective in experimental meningococcal sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Muenstermann
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Strobel
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rick A. Wetsel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay O. Johswich
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Li Y, Lin F. Decoy nanoparticles bearing native C5a receptors as a new approach to inhibit complement-mediated neutrophil activation. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:330-338. [PMID: 31446047 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complement-activated neutrophils are integrally involved in many pathological conditions as well as in dampening the efficacy of cell-based therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for regenerative medicine and inflammatory disease therapy, but current MSC-based therapies still require further improvements to ensure success. We recently reported that immediately upon delivery to the bloodstream, MSCs activate complement to produce C5a, which binds to its receptor, C5aR, on neutrophils and thus activates these cells to damage MSCs. Thus, blocking this C5a-C5aR interaction should yield improvements in MSC survival and treatment efficacy. In this project, we developed decoy nanoparticles with surface displaying native C5aR by coating membrane vesicles derived from macrophages expressing high levels of C5aR onto poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) cores. These C5aR-displaying decoy nanoparticles effectively inhibited neutrophil activation and thus reduced sequential injury to MSCs upon exposure to blood both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, survival and treatment potency of the MSCs were significantly improved by these decoy nanoparticles. This finding suggests that the C5aR-displaying decoy nanoparticles represent a unique approach toward improving current MSC-based therapies. Additionally, these decoy nanoparticles can be useful as a new reagent for the treatment of other pathological conditions that involve C5a-C5aR signaling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Complement C5aR has been implied in the pathogenesis of many disorders and is emerging as a new target for the development of therapeutics. So far all the inhibitors of C5aR are either biologicals or small compounds with various shortcomings. Since C5aR is a G-protein coupled receptor that features a multi-loop binding interface with its ligand, C5a, soluble forms of C5aR as decoys for cell surface C5aR are unlikely. We believe this is the first evidence suggesting that C5aR decoy nanoparticles can be developed to treat various C5aR-mediated pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Li S, Jiang D, Rosenkrans ZT, Barnhart TE, Ehlerding EB, Ni D, Engle JW, Cai W. Aptamer-Conjugated Framework Nucleic Acids for the Repair of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7334-7341. [PMID: 31518140 PMCID: PMC6876547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapy for protecting dying neurons against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a substantial challenge in the treatment of ischemic strokes. Oxidative stress coupled with excessive inflammation is the main culprit for brain IRI that results in neuronal damage and disability. Specifically, complement component 5a (C5a) exacerbates the vicious cycle between oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Herein, we propose that a framework nucleic acid (FNA) conjugated with anti-C5a aptamers (aC5a) can selectively reduce C5a-mediated neurotoxicity and effectively alleviate oxidative stress in the brain. Intrathecal injection of the aC5a-conjugated FNA (aC5a-FNA) was applied for the treatment of rats with ischemic strokes. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed to investigate the accumulation of aC5a-FNA in the penumbra and its therapeutic efficacy. Results demonstrated that aC5a-FNA could rapidly penetrate different brain regions after brain IRI. Furthermore, aC5a-FNA effectively protected neurons from brain IRI, as verified by serum tests, tissue staining, biomarker detection, and functional assessment. The protective effect of aC5a-FNA against cerebral IRI in living animals may pave the way for the translation of FNA from bench to bedside and broaden the horizon of FNA in the field of biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T. Rosenkrans
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Emily B. Ehlerding
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dalong Ni
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Akk A, Springer LE, Yang L, Hamilton-Burdess S, Lambris JD, Yan H, Hu Y, Wu X, Hourcade DE, Miller MJ, Pham CTN. Complement activation on neutrophils initiates endothelial adhesion and extravasation. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:629-642. [PMID: 31542608 PMCID: PMC6815348 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. In the autoantibody-mediated K/BxN model of inflammatory arthritis, the alternative pathway (AP) of complement and Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) are required for disease development while the classical pathway is dispensable. The reason for this differential requirement is unknown. We show that within minutes of K/BxN serum injection complement activation (CA) is detected on circulating neutrophils, as evidenced by cell surface C3 fragment deposition. CA requires the AP factor B and FcγRs but not C4, implying that engagement of FcγRs by autoantibody or immune complexes directly triggers AP C3 convertase assembly. The absence of C5 does not prevent CA on neutrophils but diminishes the upregulation of adhesion molecules. In vivo two-photon microscopy reveals that CA on neutrophils is critical for neutrophil extravasation and generation of C5a at the site of inflammation. C5a stimulates the release of neutrophil proteases, which contribute to the degradation of VE-cadherin, an adherens junction protein that regulates endothelial barrier integrity. C5a receptor antagonism blocks the extracellular release of neutrophil proteases, suppressing VE-cadherin degradation and neutrophil transendothelial migration in vivo. These results elucidate the AP-dependent intravascular neutrophil-endothelial interactions that initiate the inflammatory cascade in this disease model but may be generalizable to neutrophil extravasation in other inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Akk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luke E Springer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samantha Hamilton-Burdess
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Huimin Yan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dennis E Hourcade
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Christine T N Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; John Cochran VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Nabizadeh JA, Manthey HD, Panagides N, Steyn FJ, Lee JD, Li XX, Akhir FNM, Chen W, Boyle GM, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM, Rolfe BE. C5a receptors C5aR1 and C5aR2 mediate opposing pathologies in a mouse model of melanoma. FASEB J 2019; 33:11060-11071. [PMID: 31298935 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800980rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The canonical complement component 5a (C5a) receptor (C5aR) 1 has well-described roles in tumorigenesis but the contribution of the second receptor, C5aR2, is unclear. The present study demonstrates that B16.F0 melanoma cells express mRNA for both C5aR1 and C5aR2 and signal through ERK and p38 MAPKs in response to C5a. Despite this, C5a had no impact on melanoma cell proliferation or migration in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that the growth of B16.F0 melanoma tumors was increased in C5aR2-/- mice but reduced in C5aR1-/- mice and wild-type mice treated with a C5aR1 antagonist. Analysis of tumor-infiltrating leukocyte populations showed no significant differences between wild-type and C5aR2-/- mice. Conversely, percentages of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, macrophages, and regulatory T lymphocytes were lower in tumors from C5aR1-/- mice, whereas total (CD3+) T lymphocytes and CD4+ subsets were higher. Analysis of cytokine and chemokine levels also showed plasma IFN-γ was higher and tumor C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 was lower in the absence of C5aR1. The results suggest that C5aR1 signaling supports melanoma growth by promoting infiltration of immunosuppressive leukocyte populations into the tumor microenvironment, whereas C5aR2 has a more restricted but beneficial role in limiting tumor growth. Overall, these data support the potential of C5aR1-inhibitory therapies for melanoma.-Nabizadeh, J. A., Manthey, H. D., Panagides, N., Steyn, F. J., Lee, J. D., Li, X. X., Akhir, F. N. M., Chen, W., Boyle, G. M., Taylor, S. M., Woodruff, T. M., Rolfe, B. E. C5a receptors C5aR1 and C5aR2 mediate opposing pathologies in a mouse model of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamileh A Nabizadeh
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helga D Manthey
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadya Panagides
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fazrena N M Akhir
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen M Taylor
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara E Rolfe
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Chimeric protein probes for C5a receptors through fusion of the anaphylatoxin C5a core region with a small-molecule antagonist. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
81
|
Malde AK, Hill TA, Iyer A, Fairlie DP. Crystal Structures of Protein-Bound Cyclic Peptides. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9861-9914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alpeshkumar K. Malde
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Yu S, Wang D, Huang L, Zhang Y, Luo R, Adah D, Tang Y, Zhao K, Lu B. The complement receptor C5aR2 promotes protein kinase R expression and contributes to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release from macrophages. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8384-8394. [PMID: 30971430 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that mediates maturation of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 as well as release of the proinflammatory protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and contributes to several inflammatory diseases, including sepsis, gout, and type 2 diabetes. In this context, the well-studied active complement fragment C5a and its receptor C5aR1 or C5aR2 orchestrate the inflammatory responses in many diseases. Although a C5a-C5aR interaction in NLRP3-associated diseases has been suggested, little is known about the details of C5a-C5aR cross-talk with the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. In this study, using mice and murine macrophages and cytokines, immunoblotting, siRNA, and quantitative real-time PCR assays, we demonstrate that C5aR2 deficiency restricts activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and release of HMGB1 both in vitro and in vivo Mechanistically, we found that C5aR2 promotes NLRP3 activation by amplifying dsRNA-dependent PKR expression, which is an important NLRP3-activating factor. We also observed that elevation of PKR expression because of the C5a-C5aR2 interaction depends on the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase pathway and type I IFN signaling. In conclusion, these findings reveal that C5aR2 contributes to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release from macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Yu
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Lingmin Huang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yening Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Ruiheng Luo
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Dickson Adah
- Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiting Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.
| | - Ben Lu
- Department of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Non-resolving Inflammation and Cancer of Hunan Province, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Key Laboratory of Sepsis and Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Zhang P, Yu WW, Peng J, Xu LF, Zhao CC, Chang WJ, Ma XL. LukS-PV induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells mediated by C5a receptor. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2474-2483. [PMID: 30955242 PMCID: PMC6536962 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
LukS‐PV is one of the two components of Panton‐Valentine leucocidin (PVL). Our previous study showed that LukS‐PV can induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) THP‐1 and HL‐60 cells. C5aR (C5a receptor) is the receptor for PVL, but whether C5aR plays a key role in LukS‐PV induced apoptosis is unclear. The aim of this study was to establish whether C5aR plays a physiological role in apoptosis of leukemia cells induced by LukS‐PV. We investigated the role of C5aR in leukemia cell apoptosis induced by LukS‐PV by pretreatment of THP‐1 and HL‐60 cells with C5aR antagonist and transfection to knockdown C5aR in THP‐1 cells or overexpress C5aR in Jurkat cells before treatment with LukS‐PV. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by staining with Annexin V/propidium iodide or Annexin V‐PE/7‐AAD. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined using JC‐1 dye. The expression of apoptosis‐associated genes and proteins was identified by qRT‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis, respectively. As the C5aR antagonist concentration increased, the rate of apoptosis induced by LukS‐PV decreased, the MMP increased, and expression of pro‐apoptotic Bax and Bak genes and proteins was downregulated while that of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x genes and proteins was upregulated. Knockdown of C5aR also decreased LukS‐PV–induced THP‐1 cell apoptosis. LukS‐PV did not induce apoptosis of Jurkat cells, which have no endogenous C5aR expression; however, LukS‐PV did induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells after overexpression of C5aR. Correspondingly, the MMP decreased and Bax and Bak were upregulated while Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x were downregulated. LukS‐PV can induce apoptosis in AML cells by targeting C5aR. C5aR may be a potential therapeutic target for AML and LukS‐PV is a candidate targeted drug for the treatment of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Wei Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang-Fei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Infectious Disease, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Ma Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang GY. Significance of Complement System in Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. Aging Dis 2019; 10:429-462. [PMID: 31011487 PMCID: PMC6457046 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an essential part of innate immunity, typically conferring protection via eliminating pathogens and accumulating debris. However, the defensive function of the complement system can exacerbate immune, inflammatory, and degenerative responses in various pathological conditions. Cumulative evidence indicates that the complement system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury, as the depletion of certain complement components or the inhibition of complement activation could reduce ischemic brain injury. Although multiple candidates modulating or inhibiting complement activation show massive potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke, the clinical availability of complement inhibitors remains limited. The complement system is also involved in neural plasticity and neurogenesis during cerebral ischemia. Thus, unexpected side effects could be induced if the systemic complement system is inhibited. In this review, we highlighted the recent concepts and discoveries of the roles of different kinds of complement components, such as C3a, C5a, and their receptors, in both normal brain physiology and the pathophysiology of brain ischemia. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the current development of complement-targeted therapy for ischemic stroke and discussed the challenges of bringing these therapies into the clinic. The design of future experiments was also discussed to better characterize the role of complement in both tissue injury and recovery after cerebral ischemia. More studies are needed to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how complement components exert their functions in different stages of ischemic stroke to optimize the intervention of targeting the complement system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- 3Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,2Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chmilewsky F, Liang R, Kanazawa M, About I, Cooper LF, George A. C5L2 Regulates DMP1 Expression during Odontoblastic Differentiation. J Dent Res 2019; 98:597-604. [PMID: 30702959 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518820461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of stem cells within the dental-pulp tissue as well as their differentiation into a new generation of functional odontoblast-like cells constitutes an important step of the dentin-pulp regeneration. Recent investigations demonstrated that the complement system activation participates in 2 critical steps of dentin-pulp regeneration: pulp progenitor's recruitment and pulp nerve sprouting. Surprisingly, its implication in odontoblastic differentiation has not been addressed yet. Since the complement receptor C5a receptor-like 2 (C5L2) is expressed by different stem cells, the aim of this study is to investigate if the dental pulp stem cells express C5L2 and if this receptor participates in odontoblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemistry performed on human third molar pulp sections showed a perivascular co-localization of the mesenchymal stem cell markers STRO1 and C5L2. In vitro immunofluorescent staining confirmed that hDPSCs express C5L2. Furthermore, we determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction that the expression of C5L2 is highly modulated in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) undergoing odontoblastic differentiation. Moreover, we showed that this odontogenesis-regulated expression of C5L2 is specifically potentiated by the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. Using a C5L2-siRNA silencing strategy, we provide direct evidence that C5L2 constitutes a negative regulator of the dentinogenic marker DMP1 (dentin matrix protein 1) expression by hDPSCs. Our findings suggest a direct correlation between the odontoblastic differentiation and the level of C5L2 expression in hDPSCs and identify C5L2 as a negative regulator of DMP1 expression by hDPSCs during the odontoblastic differentiation and inflammation processes. This work is the first to demonstrate the involvement of C5L2 in the biological function of stem cells, provides an important knowledge in understanding odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, and may be useful in future dentin-pulp engineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Chmilewsky
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Liang
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Kanazawa
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I About
- 2 Department of Oral Biology, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - L F Cooper
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A George
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Li Y, Chen Y, Li X, Wu J, Pan JY, Cai RX, Yang RY, Wang XD. RNA sequencing screening of differentially expressed genes after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1583-1593. [PMID: 31089057 PMCID: PMC6557110 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.255994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for a therapeutic schedule for spinal cord injury, it is necessary to understand key genes and their corresponding regulatory networks involved in the spinal cord injury process. However, ad hoc selection and analysis of one or two genes cannot fully reveal the complex molecular biological mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The emergence of second-generation sequencing technology (RNA sequencing) has provided a better method. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury in rat models established by contusion of the eighth thoracic segment. The numbers of genes that changed significantly were 944, 1362 and 1421 at 1, 4 and 7 days after spinal cord injury respectively. After gene ontology analysis and temporal expression analysis of the differentially expressed genes, C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were then selected and identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression trends of C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Further verification and analysis of C5ar1 indicate that the level of protein expression of C5ar1 was consistent with its nucleic acid level after spinal cord injury. C5ar1 was mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Finally, the gene Itgb2, which may be related to C5ar1, was found by Chilibot database and literature search. Immunofluorescence histochemical results showed that the expression of Itgb2 was highly consistent with that of C5ar1. Itgb2 was expressed in astrocytes. RNA sequencing technology can screen differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury. Through analysis and verification, genes strongly associated with spinal cord injury can be screened. This can provide experimental data for further determining the molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury, and also provide possible targets for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study was approved ethically by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China (approval No. 2018-0306-001) on March 6, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou; Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Ying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Xin Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Yun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Nguyen H, Kuril S, Bastian D, Kim J, Zhang M, Vaena SG, Dany M, Dai M, Heinrichs JL, Daenthanasanmak A, Iamsawat S, Schutt S, Fu J, Wu Y, Fairlie DP, Atkinson C, Ogretmen B, Tomlinson S, Yu XZ. Complement C3a and C5a receptors promote GVHD by suppressing mitophagy in recipient dendritic cells. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121697. [PMID: 30568037 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). DCs play critical roles in GVHD induction. Modulating autophagy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of immunological diseases. Complement receptors C3aR/C5aR expressed on DCs regulate immune responses by translating extracellular signals into intracellular activity. In the current study, we found that C3aR/C5aR deficiency enhanced ceramide-dependent lethal mitophagy (CDLM) in DCs. Cotransfer of host-type C3aR-/-/C5aR-/- DCs in the recipients significantly improved GVHD outcome after allogeneic HCT, primarily through enhancing CDLM in DCs. C3aR/C5aR deficiency in the host hematopoietic compartment significantly reduced GVHD severity via impairing Th1 differentiation and donor T cell glycolytic activity while enhancing Treg generation. Prophylactic treatment with C3aR/C5aR antagonists effectively alleviated GVHD while maintaining the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Altogether, we demonstrate that inhibiting C3aR/C5aR induces lethal mitophagy in DCs, which represents a potential therapeutic approach to control GVHD while preserving the GVL effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Sandeepkumar Kuril
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | - Mohammed Dany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jessica Lauren Heinrichs
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - David P Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carl Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Department of Surgery, Transplant Immunobiology Laboratory
| | | | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Munenaga S, Ouhara K, Hamamoto Y, Kajiya M, Takeda K, Yamasaki S, Kawai T, Mizuno N, Fujita T, Sugiyama E, Kurihara H. The involvement of C5a in the progression of experimental arthritis with Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in SKG mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:247. [PMID: 30390695 PMCID: PMC6235227 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence to suggest that periodontal disease (PD) is involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increasing. The complement system plays a critical role in immune responses. C5a has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including PD and RA. Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major causative bacteria of PD and can produce C5a. Therefore, it is hypothesized that P. gingivalis infection is involved in the progression of RA by elevating C5a levels. In the present study, P. gingivalis–infected RA model mice were established to investigate the involvement of C5a. Methods SKG mice orally infected with P. gingivalis were immunized with intraperitoneal injection of laminarin (LA) to induce arthritis. Arthritis development was assessed by arthritis score (AS), bone destruction on the talus, histology, and serum markers of RA. In order to investigate the effects of serum C5a on bone destruction, osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow mononuclear cells was examined by using serum samples from each group of mice. The relationship between C5a levels and antibody titers to periodontal pathogens in patients with RA was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results P. gingivalis oral infection increased AS, infiltration of inflammatory cells, bone destruction on the talus, and serum markers of RA in mice immunized with LA. The addition of serum from LA-injected mice with the P. gingivalis oral infection promoted osteoclast differentiation, and the addition of a neutralization antibody against C5a suppressed osteoclast differentiation. C5a levels of serum in RA patients with positive P. gingivalis antibody were elevated compared with those in RA patients with negative P. gingivalis antibody. Conclusions These results suggest that P. gingivalis infection enhances the progression of RA via C5a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syuichi Munenaga
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Yuta Hamamoto
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Kurume University Medical Center, 155-1 Kokubu-machi, Kurume, 839-0863, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Periodontology, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Li Z, Wang X, Chen M, Li Q, Qu H, Shao T, Sun R, Zhang Y, Xia Z. Use of capillary electrophoresis to select a DNA aptamer that recognizes swine anaphylatoxin C5a. Anal Biochem 2018; 564-565:47-53. [PMID: 30336124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complement factor 5a is a potent proinflammatory mediator that contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. Protein-based C5a inhibitors have proven to be clinically valuable. Aptamers, which are oligonucleic acid chains or polypeptides, can bind to target molecules and hence have the potential to be used for detection and blockade of targets. Here, we describe the discovery that the single-stranded DNA aptamer S1 can bind specifically to swine C5a, which can then be quickly selected for with capillary electrophoresis for high-throughput sequencing. Aptamer S1 bound specifically to swine C5a with a dissociation constant of 4 μM as measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Moreover, aptamer S1 inhibited C5a-induced chemotaxis of neutrophils in vitro. Our study suggests that the S1 aptamer has great potential to be a key structure in the development of effective therapeutic agents against inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Qianxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Han Qu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Ting Shao
- The People's Hospital of Changchun,China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University,China.
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary Science, The Academy of Military Medical Science of PLA,China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Paolini-Bertrand M, Cerini F, Martins E, Scurci I, Hartley O. Rapid and low-cost multiplex synthesis of chemokine analogs. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19092-19100. [PMID: 30305389 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides represent a promising source of new medicines, but improved technologies are needed to facilitate discovery and optimization campaigns. In particular, longer peptides with multiple disulfide bridges are challenging to produce, and producing large numbers of structurally related variants is dissuasively costly and time-consuming. The principal cost and time drivers are the multiple column chromatography purification steps that are used during the multistep chemical synthesis procedure, which involves both ligation and oxidative refolding steps. In this study, we developed a method for multiplex parallel synthesis of complex peptide analogs in which the structurally variant region of the molecule is produced as a small peptide on a 384-well synthesizer with subsequent ligation to the longer, structurally invariant region and oxidative refolding carried out in-well without any column purification steps. To test the method, we used a panel of 96 analogs of the chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)/CCL5 (69 residues, two disulfide bridges), which had been synthesized using standard approaches and characterized pharmacologically in an earlier study. Although, as expected, the multiplex method generated chemokine analogs of lower purity than those produced in the original study, it was nonetheless possible to closely match the pharmacological attributes (anti-HIV potency, capacity to elicit G protein signaling, and capacity to elicit intracellular receptor sequestration) of each chemokine analog to reference data from the earlier study. This rapid, low-cost approach has the potential to support discovery and optimization campaigns based on analogs of other chemokines as well as those of other complex peptide and small protein targets of a similar size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Paolini-Bertrand
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Cerini
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Martins
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ilaria Scurci
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- From the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
McCullough RL, McMullen MR, Poulsen KL, Kim A, Medof ME, Nagy LE. Anaphylatoxin Receptors C3aR and C5aR1 Are Important Factors That Influence the Impact of Ethanol on the Adipose Secretome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2133. [PMID: 30294325 PMCID: PMC6158367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Chronic ethanol exposure results in inflammation in adipose tissue; this response is associated with activation of complement as well as the development of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). Adipose communicates with other organs, including liver, via the release of soluble mediators, such as adipokines and cytokines, characterized as the "adipose secretome." Here we investigated the role of the anaphaylatoxin receptors C3aR and C5aR1 in the development of adipose tissue inflammation and regulation of the adipose secretome in murine ALD (mALD). Methods: Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT), C3aR -/-, and C5aR1 -/- mice were fed Lieber-DeCarli ethanol diet for 25 days (6% v/v, 32% kcal) or isocaloric control diets; indicators of inflammation and injury were assessed in gonadal adipose tissue. The adipose secretome was characterized in isolated adipocytes and stromal vascular cells. Results: Ethanol feeding increased the expression of adipokines, chemokines and leukocyte markers in gonadal adipose tissue from WT mice; C3aR -/- were partially protected while C5aR1 -/- mice were completely protected. In contrast, induction of CYP2E1 and accumulation of TUNEL-positive cells in adipose in response to ethanol feeding was independent of genotype. Bone marrow chimeras, generated with WT and C5aR1 -/- mice, revealed C5aR1 expression on non-myeloid cells, likely to be adipocytes, contributed to ethanol-induced adipose inflammation. Chronic ethanol feeding regulated both the quantity and distribution of adipokines secreted from adipocytes in a C5aR1-dependent mechanism. In WT mice, chronic ethanol feeding induced a predominant release of pro-inflammatory adipokines from adipocytes, while the adipose secretome from C5aR1 -/- mice was characterized by an anti-inflammatory/protective profile. Further, the cargo of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) was distinct from the soluble secretome; in WT EVs, ethanol increased the abundance of pro-inflammatory mediators while EV cargo from C5aR1 -/- adipocytes contained a greater diversity and more robust expression of adipokines. Conclusions: C3aR and C5aR1 are potent regulators of ethanol-induced adipose inflammation in mALD. C5aR1 modulated the impact of chronic ethanol on the content of the adipose secretome, as well as influencing the cargo of an extensive array of adipokines from adipocyte-derived EVs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that C5aR1 contributes to ethanol-mediated changes in the adipose secretome, likely contributing to intra-organ injury in ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - M Edward Medof
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Center for Liver Disease Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Toomey CB, Landowski M, Klingeborn M, Kelly U, Deans J, Dong H, Harrabi O, Van Blarcom T, Yeung YA, Grishanin R, Lin JC, Saban DR, Bowes Rickman C. Effect of Anti-C5a Therapy in a Murine Model of Early/Intermediate Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:662-673. [PMID: 29392311 PMCID: PMC5795897 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A large body of evidence supports a central role for complement activation in the pathobiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including plasma complement component 5a (C5a). Interestingly, C5a is a chemotactic agent for monocytes, a cell type also shown to contribute to AMD. However, the role monocytes play in the pathogenesis of “dry” AMD and the pharmacologic potential of targeting C5a to regulate these cells are unclear. We addressed these questions via C5a blockade in a unique model of early/intermediate dry AMD and large panel flow cytometry to immunophenotype monocytic involvement. Methods Heterozygous complement factor H (Cfh+/−) mice aged to 90 weeks were fed a high-fat, cholesterol-enriched diet (Cfh+/−∼HFC) for 8 weeks and were given weekly intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg anti-C5a (4C9, Pfizer). Flow cytometry, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) flat mounts, and electroretinograms were used to characterize anti-C5a treatment. Results Aged Cfh+/− mice developed RPE damage, sub-RPE basal laminar deposits, and attenuation of visual function and immune cell recruitment to the choroid that was accompanied by expression of inflammatory and extracellular matrix remodeling genes following 8 weeks of HFC diet. Concomitant systemic administration of an anti-C5a antibody successfully inhibited local recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the choroid–RPE interface but did not ameliorate these AMD-like pathologies in this mouse model. Conclusions These results show that immunotherapy targeting C5a is not sufficient to block the development of the AMD-like pathologies observed in Cfh+/−∼HFC mice and suggest that other complement components or molecules/mechanisms may be driving “early” and “intermediate” AMD pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Toomey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States.,Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Michael Landowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mikael Klingeborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Una Kelly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - John Deans
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Holly Dong
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ons Harrabi
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Yik Andy Yeung
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Ruslan Grishanin
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - John C Lin
- Rinat, Pfizer Inc, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Miettinen HM, Gripentrog JM, Lord CI, Nagy JO. CD177-mediated nanoparticle targeting of human and mouse neutrophils. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200444. [PMID: 29990379 PMCID: PMC6039027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells, with a vital role in innate immune defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Although mostly associated with pathological processes directly related to immune defense, they can also play a detrimental role in inflammatory conditions and have been found to have a pro-metastatic role in the spread of cancer cells. Here, we explore ways to temporarily suppress these detrimental activities. We first examined the possibility of using siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for transient knockdown of the human and mouse C5a receptor, an important chemoattractant receptor involved in neutrophil-mediated injury that is associated with myocardial infarction, sepsis, and neurodegenerative diseases. We found that siRNAs and ASOs transfected into cultured cell lines can eliminate 70–90% of C5a receptor mRNA and protein within 72 h of administration, a clinically relevant time frame after a cardiovascular event. Targeted drug delivery to specific cells or tissues of interest in a mammalian host, however, remains a major challenge. Here, using phage display technology, we have identified peptides that bind specifically to CD177, a neutrophil-specific surface molecule. We have attached these peptides to fluorescent, lipid-based nanoparticles and confirmed targeting and delivery to cultured cells ectopically presenting either human or mouse CD177. In addition, we have shown peptide-nanoparticle binding specifically to neutrophils in human and mouse blood. We anticipate that these or related tagged nanoparticles may be therapeutically useful for delivery of siRNAs or ASOs to neutrophils for transient knockdown of pro-inflammatory proteins such as the C5a receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heini M. Miettinen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeannie M. Gripentrog
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Connie I. Lord
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Jon O. Nagy
- NanoValent Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Tenner AJ, Stevens B, Woodruff TM. New tricks for an ancient system: Physiological and pathological roles of complement in the CNS. Mol Immunol 2018; 102:3-13. [PMID: 29958698 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.06.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While the mechanisms underlying the functions of the complement system in the central nervous system (CNS) and systemically, namely opsonization, chemotaxis, membrane lysis, and regulation of inflammation are the same, the plethora of functions that complement orchestrates in the central nervous system (CNS) is complex. Strictly controlled expression of complement effector molecules, regulators and receptors across the gamut of life stages (embryogenesis, development and maturation, aging and disease) dictate fascinating contributions for this ancient system. Furthermore, it is becoming apparent that complement functions differ widely across distinct brain regions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the newly identified roles for complement in the brain, including its roles in CNS development and function, during aging and in the processes of neurodegeneration. The diversity and selectively of beneficial and detrimental activities of complement, while challenging, should lead to precision targeting of specific components to provide disease modifying treatments for devastating psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders that are still without effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Tenner
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Beth Stevens
- F.M. Kirby Center for Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Liu H, Kim HR, Deepak RNVK, Wang L, Chung KY, Fan H, Wei Z, Zhang C. Orthosteric and allosteric action of the C5a receptor antagonists. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:472-481. [PMID: 29867214 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-018-0067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The C5a receptor (C5aR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that can induce strong inflammatory response to the anaphylatoxin C5a. Targeting C5aR has emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic method. However, developing potent C5aR antagonists as drugs has proven difficult. Here, we report two crystal structures of human C5aR in ternary complexes with the peptide antagonist PMX53 and a non-peptide antagonist, either avacopan or NDT9513727. The structures, together with other biophysical, computational docking and cell-based signaling data, reveal the orthosteric action of PMX53 and its effect of stabilizing the C5aR structure, as well as the allosteric action of chemically diverse non-peptide C5aR antagonists with different binding poses. Structural comparison analysis suggests the presence of similar allosteric sites in other GPCRs. We also discuss critical structural features of C5aR in activation, including a novel conformation of helix 8. On the basis of our results, we suggest novel strategies for developing C5aR-targeting drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hee Ryung Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - R N V Krishna Deepak
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Kolev M, Markiewski MM. Targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:85-97. [PMID: 29454575 PMCID: PMC5984681 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Complement was initially discovered as an assembly of plasma proteins "complementing" the cytolytic activity of antibodies. However, our current knowledge places this complex system of several plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators in the center of innate immunity as a bridge between the initial innate responses and adaptive immune reactions. Consequently, complement appears to be pivotal for elimination of pathogens, not only as an early response defense, but by directing the subsequent adaptive immune response. The discovery of functional intracellular complement and its roles in cellular metabolism opened novel avenues for research and potential therapeutic implications. The recent studies demonstrating immunoregulatory functions of complement in the tumor microenvironment and the premetastatic niche shifted the paradigm on our understanding of functions of the complement system in regulating immunity. Several complement proteins, through their interaction with cells in the tumor microenvironment and in metastasis-targeted organs, contribute to modulating tumor growth, antitumor immunity, angiogenesis, and therefore, the overall progression of malignancy and, perhaps, responsiveness of cancer to different therapies. Here, we focus on recent progress in our understanding of immunostimulatory vs. immunoregulatory functions of complement and potential applications of these findings to the design of novel therapies for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section, DIR, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Complement C5a Alters the Membrane Potential of Neutrophils during Hemorrhagic Shock. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2052356. [PMID: 30002598 PMCID: PMC5996468 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2052356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) play a crucial role in host defense. Physiologically, exposure of PMN to the complement activation product C5a results in a protective response against pathogens, whereas in the case of systemic inflammation, excessive C5a substantially impairs neutrophil functions. To further elucidate the inability of PMN to properly respond to C5a, this study investigates the role of the cellular membrane potential of PMN in response to C5a. Methods Electrophysiological changes in cellular and mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular pH of PMN from human healthy volunteers were determined by flow cytometry after exposure to C5a. Furthermore, PMN from male Bretoncelles-Meishan-Willebrand cross-bred pigs before and three hours after severe hemorrhagic shock were analyzed for their electrophysiological response. Results PMN showed a significant dose- and time-dependent depolarization in response to C5a with a strong response after one minute. The chemotactic peptide fMLP also evoked a significant shift in the membrane potential of PMN. Acidification of the cellular microenvironment significantly enhanced depolarization of PMN. In a clinically relevant model of porcine hemorrhagic shock, the C5a-induced changes in membrane potential of PMN were markedly diminished compared to healthy littermates. Overall, these membrane potential changes may contribute to PMN dysfunction in an inflammatory environment.
Collapse
|
98
|
Kumar V, Lee JD, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM. Development and validation of a LC-MS/MS assay for pharmacokinetic studies of complement C5a receptor antagonists PMX53 and PMX205 in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8101. [PMID: 29802264 PMCID: PMC5970165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PMX53 and PMX205 are cyclic hexapeptide inhibitors of complement C5a receptors (C5aR1), that are widely used to study C5aR1 pathobiology in mouse models of disease. Despite their widespread use, limited information regarding their pharmacokinetics have been reported. Here, a bioanalytical method for the quantitative determination of PMX53 and PMX205 in plasma, brain and spinal cord of mice was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. The LC-MS/MS method was validated in all three matrices according to regulatory guidelines and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of PMX53 and PMX205 in C57BL/6 J mice following intravenous administration. The developed method was highly sensitive and sufficiently accurate with a lower limit of quantification within the range of 3-6 ng/ml in extracted plasma samples and 3-6 ng/g in processed tissue samples, which outperforms previously published LC-MS/MS methods. The results thus support the suitability, reliability, reproducibility and sensitivity of this validated technique. This method can therefore be applied to perform a complete pre-clinical investigation of PMX53 and PMX205 pharmacokinetics in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Tromp AT, Van Gent M, Abrial P, Martin A, Jansen JP, De Haas CJC, Van Kessel KPM, Bardoel BW, Kruse E, Bourdonnay E, Boettcher M, McManus MT, Day CJ, Jennings MP, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Van Strijp JAG, Lebbink RJ, Haas PJA, Henry T, Spaan AN. Human CD45 is an F-component-specific receptor for the staphylococcal toxin Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:708-717. [PMID: 29736038 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The staphylococcal bi-component leukocidins Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and γ-haemolysin CB (HlgCB) target human phagocytes. Binding of the toxins' S-components to human complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) contributes to cellular tropism and human specificity of PVL and HlgCB. To investigate the role of both leukocidins during infection, we developed a human C5aR1 knock-in (hC5aR1KI) mouse model. HlgCB, but unexpectedly not PVL, contributed to increased bacterial loads in tissues of hC5aR1KI mice. Compared to humans, murine hC5aR1KI neutrophils showed a reduced sensitivity to PVL, which was mediated by the toxin's F-component LukF-PV. By performing a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified CD45 as a receptor for LukF-PV. The human-specific interaction between LukF-PV and CD45 provides a molecular explanation for resistance of hC5aR1KI mouse neutrophils to PVL and probably contributes to the lack of a PVL-mediated phenotype during infection in these mice. This study demonstrates an unsuspected role of the F-component in driving the sensitivity of human phagocytes to PVL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelino T Tromp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Van Gent
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pauline Abrial
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Martin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joris P Jansen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J C De Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kok P M Van Kessel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W Bardoel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Kruse
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Bourdonnay
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF Diabetes Center, Keck Center for Noncoding RNA, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF Diabetes Center, Keck Center for Noncoding RNA, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gérard Lina
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jos A G Van Strijp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan A Haas
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Henry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - András N Spaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
| | - Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; ,
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom;
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|