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Suarez BK, Duan J, Sanders AR, Hinrichs AL, Jin CH, Hou C, Buccola NG, Hale N, Weilbaecher AN, Nertney DA, Olincy A, Green S, Schaffer AW, Smith CJ, Hannah DE, Rice JP, Cox NJ, Martinez M, Mowry BJ, Amin F, Silverman JM, Black DW, Byerley WF, Crowe RR, Freedman R, Cloninger CR, Levinson DF, Gejman PV. Genomewide linkage scan of 409 European-ancestry and African American families with schizophrenia: suggestive evidence of linkage at 8p23.3-p21.2 and 11p13.1-q14.1 in the combined sample. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:315-33. [PMID: 16400611 PMCID: PMC1380238 DOI: 10.1086/500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the clinical characteristics of a schizophrenia sample of 409 pedigrees--263 of European ancestry (EA) and 146 of African American ancestry (AA)--together with the results of a genome scan (with a simple tandem repeat polymorphism interval of 9 cM) and follow-up fine mapping. A family was required to have a proband with schizophrenia (SZ) and one or more siblings of the proband with SZ or schizoaffective disorder. Linkage analyses included 403 independent full-sibling affected sibling pairs (ASPs) (279 EA and 124 AA) and 100 all-possible half-sibling ASPs (15 EA and 85 AA). Nonparametric multipoint linkage analysis of all families detected two regions with suggestive evidence of linkage at 8p23.3-q12 and 11p11.2-q22.3 (empirical Z likelihood-ratio score [Z(lr)] threshold >/=2.65) and, in exploratory analyses, two other regions at 4p16.1-p15.32 in AA families and at 5p14.3-q11.2 in EA families. The most significant linkage peak was in chromosome 8p; its signal was mainly driven by the EA families. Z(lr) scores >2.0 in 8p were observed from 30.7 cM to 61.7 cM (Center for Inherited Disease Research map locations). The maximum evidence in the full sample was a multipoint Z(lr) of 3.25 (equivalent Kong-Cox LOD of 2.30) near D8S1771 (at 52 cM); there appeared to be two peaks, both telomeric to neuregulin 1 (NRG1). There is a paracentric inversion common in EA individuals within this region, the effect of which on the linkage evidence remains unknown in this and in other previously analyzed samples. Fine mapping of 8p did not significantly alter the significance or length of the peak. We also performed fine mapping of 4p16.3-p15.2, 5p15.2-q13.3, 10p15.3-p14, 10q25.3-q26.3, and 11p13-q23.3. The highest increase in Z(lr) scores was observed for 5p14.1-q12.1, where the maximum Z(lr) increased from 2.77 initially to 3.80 after fine mapping in the EA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Suarez
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jubao Duan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Alan R. Sanders
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Anthony L. Hinrichs
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Carol H. Jin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Cuiping Hou
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nancy G. Buccola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nancy Hale
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ann N. Weilbaecher
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Deborah A. Nertney
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ann Olincy
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Susan Green
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Arthur W. Schaffer
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christopher J. Smith
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Dominique E. Hannah
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - John P. Rice
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Maria Martinez
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Bryan J. Mowry
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Farooq Amin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jeremy M. Silverman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Donald W. Black
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - William F. Byerley
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Raymond R. Crowe
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Robert Freedman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - C. Robert Cloninger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Douglas F. Levinson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Pablo V. Gejman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis; Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Mental Health Research, The Park, Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane; Department of Psychiatry and Colorado Psychiatric Health, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta; Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Méthodologie Statistique et Epidémiologie Génétique des Maladies Multifactorielles, Institut National de la Recherche et de la Santé Médicale, Evry, France; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine; Department of Psychiatry, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Lewis CM, Levinson DF, Wise LH, DeLisi LE, Straub RE, Hovatta I, Williams NM, Schwab SG, Pulver AE, Faraone SV, Brzustowicz LM, Kaufmann CA, Garver DL, Gurling HMD, Lindholm E, Coon H, Moises HW, Byerley W, Shaw SH, Mesen A, Sherrington R, O’Neill FA, Walsh D, Kendler KS, Ekelund J, Paunio T, Lönnqvist J, Peltonen L, O’Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Wildenauer DB, Maier W, Nestadt G, Blouin JL, Antonarakis SE, Mowry BJ, Silverman JM, Crowe RR, Cloninger CR, Tsuang MT, Malaspina D, Harkavy-Friedman JM, Svrakic DM, Bassett AS, Holcomb J, Kalsi G, McQuillin A, Brynjolfson J, Sigmundsson T, Petursson H, Jazin E, Zoëga T, Helgason T. Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II: Schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 73:34-48. [PMID: 12802786 PMCID: PMC1180588 DOI: 10.1086/376549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 919] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2002] [Accepted: 04/09/2003] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common disorder with high heritability and a 10-fold increase in risk to siblings of probands. Replication has been inconsistent for reports of significant genetic linkage. To assess evidence for linkage across studies, rank-based genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) was applied to data from 20 schizophrenia genome scans. Each marker for each scan was assigned to 1 of 120 30-cM bins, with the bins ranked by linkage scores (1 = most significant) and the ranks averaged across studies (R(avg)) and then weighted for sample size (N(sqrt)[affected casess]). A permutation test was used to compute the probability of observing, by chance, each bin's average rank (P(AvgRnk)) or of observing it for a bin with the same place (first, second, etc.) in the order of average ranks in each permutation (P(ord)). The GSMA produced significant genomewide evidence for linkage on chromosome 2q (PAvgRnk<.000417). Two aggregate criteria for linkage were also met (clusters of nominally significant P values that did not occur in 1,000 replicates of the entire data set with no linkage present): 12 consecutive bins with both P(AvgRnk) and P(ord)<.05, including regions of chromosomes 5q, 3p, 11q, 6p, 1q, 22q, 8p, 20q, and 14p, and 19 consecutive bins with P(ord)<.05, additionally including regions of chromosomes 16q, 18q, 10p, 15q, 6q, and 17q. There is greater consistency of linkage results across studies than has been previously recognized. The results suggest that some or all of these regions contain loci that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn M. Lewis
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Douglas F. Levinson
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lesley H. Wise
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lynn E. DeLisi
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Richard E. Straub
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Nigel M. Williams
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sibylle G. Schwab
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ann E. Pulver
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Linda M. Brzustowicz
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Charles A. Kaufmann
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David L. Garver
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hugh M. D. Gurling
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eva Lindholm
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilary Coon
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hans W. Moises
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - William Byerley
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sarah H. Shaw
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andrea Mesen
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Robin Sherrington
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - F. Anthony O’Neill
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dermot Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jesper Ekelund
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael C. O’Donovan
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dieter B. Wildenauer
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Louis Blouin
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stylianos E. Antonarakis
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryan J. Mowry
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jeremy M. Silverman
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Raymond R. Crowe
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - C. Robert Cloninger
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jill M. Harkavy-Friedman
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dragan M. Svrakic
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jennifer Holcomb
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jon Brynjolfson
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thordur Sigmundsson
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Petursson
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elena Jazin
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Zoëga
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tomas Helgason
- Division of Genetics and Development, Guy’s, King’s & St Thomas’ School of Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London; Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; New York University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York; Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda; Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Department of Mental Health, National Public Health Institute, and Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston; Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Louisville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY; Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine; DNA Sciences, Fremont, CA; Hospital Nacional Psiquiatrico, Pavas, San Jose, Costa Rica; Xenon Genetics, Burnaby, Canada; The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland; The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland; Queensland Centre for Schizophrenia Research, Wolston Park Hospital, Wacol, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Mental Health Clinical Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; and Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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