51
|
Li S, Liu J, Liu H, Qiu R, Gao Y, Duan A. Role of Hydraulic Signal and ABA in Decrease of Leaf Stomatal and Mesophyll Conductance in Soil Drought-Stressed Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:653186. [PMID: 33995449 PMCID: PMC8118518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.653186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought reduces leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm). Both hydraulic signals and chemical signals (mainly abscisic acid, ABA) are involved in regulating gs. However, it remains unclear what role the endogenous ABA plays in gm under decreasing soil moisture. In this study, the responses of gs and gm to ABA were investigated under progressive soil drying conditions and their impacts on net photosynthesis (An) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) were also analyzed. Experimental tomato plants were cultivated in pots in an environment-controlled greenhouse. Reductions of gs and gm induced a 68-78% decline of An under drought conditions. While soil water potential (Ψsoil) was over -1.01 MPa, gs reduced as leaf water potential (Ψleaf) decreased, but ABA and gm kept unchanged, which indicating gs was more sensitive to drought than gm. During Ψsoil reduction from -1.01 to -1.44 MPa, Ψleaf still kept decreasing, and both gs and gm decreased concurrently following to the sustained increases of ABA content in shoot sap. The gm was positively correlated to gs during a drying process. Compared to gs or gm, WUEi was strongly correlated with gm/gs. WUEi improved within Ψsoil range between -0.83 and -1.15 MPa. In summary, gs showed a higher sensitivity to drought than gm. Under moderate and severe drought at Ψsoil ≤ -1.01 MPa, furthermore from hydraulic signals, ABA was also involved in this co-ordination reductions of gs and gm and thereby regulated An and WUEi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rangjian Qiu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Faralli M, Williams K, Corke F, Li M, Doonan JH, Varotto C. Interspecific and intraspecific phenotypic diversity for drought adaptation in bioenergy Arundo species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2021; 13:753-769. [PMID: 33777185 PMCID: PMC7986115 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomass crops are commonly grown in low-grade land and selection of drought-tolerant accessions is of major importance to sustain productivity. In this work, we assess phenotypic variation under different environmental scenarios in a series of accessions of Arundo donax, and contrast it with two closely related species, Arundo donaciformis and Arundo plinii. Gas-exchange and stomatal anatomy analysis showed an elevated photosynthetic capacity in A. plinii compared to A. donax and A. donaciformis with a significant intraspecific variation in A. donax. The three species showed significantly contrasting behaviour of transpiration under developing water stress and increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD), with A. donax being the most conservative while A. plinii showed an elevated degree of insensitivity to environmental cues. Under optimal conditions, A. donax had the highest estimated leaf area (projected leaf area) and plant dry weight although a significant reduction under water stress was observed for A. donax and A. donaciformis accessions while no differences were recorded for A. plinii between optimal growing conditions (well-watered [WW]) and reduced soil water availability (water-stressed [WS]). A. donax displayed a markedly conservative water use behaviour but elevated sensitivity of biomass accumulation under stress conditions. By contrast, in A. plinii, biomass and transpiration were largely insensitive to WS and increasing VPD, though biomass dry weight under optimal conditions was significantly lower than A. donax. We provide evidence of interspecific phenotypic variation within the Arundo genus while the intraspecific phenotypic plasticity may be exploited for further selection of superior clones under disadvantageous environmental conditions. The extensive trade-off between water use and biomass accumulation present in the three species under stress conditions provides a series of novel traits to be exploited in the selection of superior clones adapted to different environmental scenarios. Non-destructive approaches are provided to screen large populations for water-stress-tolerant A. donax clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Faralli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - Kevin Williams
- National Plant Phenomics Centre (NPPC)IBERSAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Fiona Corke
- National Plant Phenomics Centre (NPPC)IBERSAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| | - John H. Doonan
- National Plant Phenomics Centre (NPPC)IBERSAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation CentreFondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'Adige (TN)Italy
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kaur H, Manna M, Thakur T, Gautam V, Salvi P. Imperative role of sugar signaling and transport during drought stress responses in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:833-848. [PMID: 33583052 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellular sugar status is essentially maintained during normal growth conditions but is impacted negatively during various environmental perturbations. Drought presents one such unfavorable environmental cue that hampers the photosynthetic fixation of carbon into sugars and affects their transport by lowering the cellular osmotic potential. The transport of cellular sugar is facilitated by a specific set of proteins known as sugar transporters. These transporter proteins are the key determinant of influx/ efflux of various sugars and their metabolite intermediates that support the plant growth and developmental process. Abiotic stress and especially drought stress-mediated injury results in reprogramming of sugar distribution across the cellular and subcellular compartments. Here, we have reviewed the imperative role of sugar accumulation, signaling, and transport under typical and atypical stressful environments. We have discussed the physiological effects of drought on sugar accumulation and transport through different transporter proteins involved in monosaccharide and disaccharide sugar transport. Further, we have illustrated sugar-mediated signaling and regulation of sugar transporter proteins along with the overall crosstalk of this signaling with the phytohormone module of abiotic stress response under osmotic stress. Overall, the present review highlights the critical role of sugar transport, distribution and signaling in plants under drought stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Kaur
- Plant Molecular Biology, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mrinalini Manna
- Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanika Thakur
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Torres N, Yu R, Martínez-Lüscher J, Kostaki E, Kurtural SK. Application of Fractions of Crop Evapotranspiration Affects Carbon Partitioning of Grapevine Differentially in a Hot Climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633600. [PMID: 33692817 PMCID: PMC7938324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Majority of viticulture regions are located in mid-latitudes characterized by weather variability and stressful environments relying on irrigation for mitigating environmental stress during the growing season and to ensure a profitable yield. The aim of this study was to characterize the response of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) to different applied water amounts based on the replacement of fractions of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during two growing seasons with contrasting precipitation patterns. The experiment consisted of three irrigation treatments based on the weekly replacement of 25, 50, and 100% of ETc. Grapevine stem water potential decreased during the growing season reaching its lowest value (-1.5 and -1.2 MPa, respectively) at harvest in the more stressed vines (25 and 50% ETc). Leaf gas exchange variables were measured during the two seasons and 100% ETc had the highest rates of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and better instantaneous water use efficiency, also resulting in higher leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Mineral nutrient content for nitrogen and potassium increased linearly with the increase in applied water. At harvest, no differences were observed in the number of clusters per vine; however, the 25% ETc had the lowest berry size and yield per vine with no difference in sugar content of berry. Conversely, sugar allocation to reserve organs was highly affected by applied water leading to different shoot to root biomass partitioning, where shoot:root ratio, leaf non-structural carbohydrates, and photosynthetic pigments increased with greater applied water. Likewise sucrose:N ratio and root non-structural carbohydrates decreased with the lower applied water. Altogether, carbon allocation between the source and sink organs likely controlled the response of grapevines to water deficits in a hot climate, and replacing 50% ETc was sufficient to sustain the grapevine performance given the enhancement of sugar transport, which could slow down the detrimental effect of water deficits on yield.
Collapse
|
55
|
Nawaz M, Li L, Azeem F, Shabbir S, Zohaib A, Ashraf U, Yang H, Wang Z. Insight of transcriptional regulators reveals the tolerance mechanism of carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) against drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:71. [PMID: 33530948 PMCID: PMC7851936 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carpet grass [Axonopus compressus (L.)] is an important warm-season perennial grass around the world and is known for its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. However, Carpet grass lacks enough data in public data banks, which confined our comprehension of the mechanisms of environmental adaptations, gene discovery, and development of molecular markers. In current study, the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in Axonopus compressus under drought stress (DS) were identified and compared with CK (control) by RNA-Seq. RESULTS A total of 263,835 unigenes were identified in Axonopus compressus, and 201,303 (also added to the numbers of the remaining 2 databases) a sequence of unigenes significantly matched in at least one of the seven databases. A total of 153,697 (58.25%) unigenes classified to 144 KEGG pathways, and 7444 unigenes were expressed differentially between DS and CK, of which 4249 were up-regulated and 3195 were down-regulated unigenes. Of the 50 significantly enriched GO terms, 18, 6, and 14 items were related to BP, CC, and MF respectively. Analysis of KEGG enrichment revealed 2569 DEGs involved in 143 different pathways, under drought stress. 2747 DEGs were up-regulated and 2502 DEGs were down-regulated. Moreover, we identified 352 transcription factors (TFs) in Axonopus compressus, of which 270 were differentially expressed between CK and DS. The qRT-PCR validation experiment also supports the transcriptional response of Axonopus compressus against drought. Accuracy of transcriptome unigenes of Axonopus compressus was assessed with BLAST, which showed 3300 sequences of Axonopus compressus in the NCBI. CONCLUSION The 7444 unigenes were found to be between DS and CK treatments, which indicate the existence of a strong mechanism of drought tolerance in Axonopus compressus. The current findings provide the first framework for further investigations for the particular roles of these unigenes in Axonopus compressus in response to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry and College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Liao Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry and College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samina Shabbir
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala, 52250, Pakistan
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Faisalabad-Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hubiao Yang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry and College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Haworth M, Marino G, Loreto F, Centritto M. Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops. Oecologia 2021; 197:867-883. [PMID: 33515295 PMCID: PMC8591009 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stomata are central players in the hydrological and carbon cycles, regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and transpirative loss of water (H2O) between plants and the atmosphere. The necessity to balance water-loss and CO2-uptake has played a key role in the evolution of plants, and is increasingly important in a hotter and drier world. The conductance of CO2 and water vapour across the leaf surface is determined by epidermal and stomatal morphology (the number, size, and spacing of stomatal pores) and stomatal physiology (the regulation of stomatal pore aperture in response to environmental conditions). The proportion of the epidermis allocated to stomata and the evolution of amphistomaty are linked to the physiological function of stomata. Moreover, the relationship between stomatal density and [CO2] is mediated by physiological stomatal behaviour; species with less responsive stomata to light and [CO2] are most likely to adjust stomatal initiation. These differences in the sensitivity of the stomatal density—[CO2] relationship between species influence the efficacy of the ‘stomatal method’ that is widely used to infer the palaeo-atmospheric [CO2] in which fossil leaves developed. Many studies have investigated stomatal physiology or morphology in isolation, which may result in the loss of the ‘overall picture’ as these traits operate in a coordinated manner to produce distinct mechanisms for stomatal control. Consideration of the interaction between stomatal morphology and physiology is critical to our understanding of plant evolutionary history, plant responses to on-going climate change and the production of more efficient and climate-resilient food and bio-fuel crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Haworth
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Marino
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (CNR-DiSBA), National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- ENI-CNR Water Research Center "Hypatia of Alexandria", Research Center Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Yoshida T, Fernie AR, Shinozaki K, Takahashi F. Long-distance stress and developmental signals associated with abscisic acid signaling in environmental responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:477-488. [PMID: 33249671 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants consist of highly differentiated organs, including roots, leaves, shoots and flowers, which have specific roles: root system for water and nutrient uptake, leaves for photosynthesis and gas exchange and reproductive organs for seed production. The communication between organs through the vascular system, by which water, nutrient and signaling molecules are transported, is essential for coordinated growth and development of the whole plant, particularly under adverse conditions. Here, we highlight recent progress in understanding how signaling pathways of plant hormones are associated with long-distance stress and developmental signals, with particular focus on environmental stress responses. In addition to the root-to-shoot peptide signal that induces abscisic acid accumulation in leaves under drought stress conditions, we summarize the diverse stress-responsive peptide signals reported to date to play a role in environmental responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Yang Y, Li HG, Wang J, Wang HL, He F, Su Y, Zhang Y, Feng CH, Niu M, Li Z, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X. ABF3 enhances drought tolerance via promoting ABA-induced stomatal closure by directly regulating ADF5 in Populus euphratica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7270-7285. [PMID: 32822499 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is a main limiting factor for plant growth, development, and distribution throughout the world. Stomatal movement mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) is particularly important for drought adaptation, but the molecular mechanisms in trees are largely unclear. Here, we isolated an ABA-responsive element binding factor, PeABF3, in Populus euphratica. PeABF3 was preferentially expressed in the xylem and young leaves, and was induced by dehydration and ABA treatments. PeABF3 showed transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus. To study its functional mechanism in poplar responsive to drought stress, transgenic triploid white poplars (Populus tomentosa 'YiXianCiZhu B385') overexpressing PeABF3 were generated. PeABF3 overexpression significantly enhanced stomatal sensitivity to exogenous ABA. When subjected to drought stress, PeABF3 overexpression maintained higher photosynthetic activity and promoted cell membrane integrity, resulting in increased water-use efficiency and enhanced drought tolerance compared with wild-type controls. Moreover, a yeast one-hybrid assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that PeABF3 activated the expression of Actin-Depolymerizing Factor-5 (PeADF5) by directly binding to its promoter, promoting actin cytoskeleton remodeling and stomatal closure in poplar under drought stress. Taken together, our results indicate that PeABF3 enhances drought tolerance via promoting ABA-induced stomatal closure by directly regulating PeADF5 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Guang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Hua Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxue Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Qian J, Zhang X, Yan Y, Wang N, Ge W, Zhou Q, Yang Y. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of abscisic acid-mediated drought-stress alleviation in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:211-218. [PMID: 33120112 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a fruit tree of great economic and nutritional importance, is sensitive to drought stress, which largely affects its transplantation survival rate, fruit yield and quality. Abscisic acid (ABA) treatment can reduce the drought-induced adverse impacts on plants. However, our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms behind ABA-mediated drought tolerance in pomegranates is still limited. In this study, we treated the pomegranates under drought stress with exogenous ABA of different concentrations (30, 60 and 90 μM) and found that, compared to those without treatment, ABA can improve pomegranate's growth condition and related physiological responding processes. We also performed comparative transcriptome analysis between the ABA-treated and untreated pomegranates to reveal the ABA-induced mechanisms in response to drought-stress. Our results showed that exogenous ABA application substantially enhanced pomegranate drought resistance by strengthening some metabolic pathways, such as brassinosteroid synthesis, peroxisome biogenesis, photosynthesis and hemicelluloses synthesis. Furthermore, the over-dose treatment of exogenous ABA was found to trigger ABA degradation process and a feedback loop in pomegranate to balances the ABA accumulation that exceeds the optimal ABA requirement, at the cost of suppressed growth process and stress resistance. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular regulation mechanisms underlying the ABA-mediated drought-stress resistance in pomegranates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qian
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, 233100, China
| | - Yan Yan
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Huaiyuan China-Israel Agro-Tech Co., Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui, 233400, China
| | - Weiqiang Ge
- Huaiyuan China-Israel Agro-Tech Co., Ltd., Bengbu, Anhui, 233400, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Marusig D, Tombesi S. Abscisic Acid Mediates Drought and Salt Stress Responses in Vitis vinifera-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8648. [PMID: 33212767 PMCID: PMC7698233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The foreseen increase in evaporative demand and reduction in rainfall occurrence are expected to stress the abiotic constrains of drought and salt concentration in soil. The intensification of abiotic stresses coupled with the progressive depletion in water pools is a major concern especially in viticulture, as most vineyards rely on water provided by rainfall. Because its economical relevance and its use as a model species for the study of abiotic stress effect on perennial plants, a significant amount of literature has focused on Vitis vinifera, assessing the physiological mechanisms occurring under stress. Despite the complexity of the stress-resistance strategy of grapevine, the ensemble of phenomena involved seems to be regulated by the key hormone abscisic acid (ABA). This review aims at summarizing our knowledge on the role of ABA in mediating mechanisms whereby grapevine copes with abiotic stresses and to highlight aspects that deserve more attention in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Đurić M, Subotić A, Prokić L, Trifunović-Momčilov M, Cingel A, Vujičić M, Milošević S. Morpho-Physiological and Molecular Evaluation of Drought and Recovery in Impatiens walleriana Grown Ex Vitro. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111559. [PMID: 33202704 PMCID: PMC7697770 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the drought effect on development, physiological, biochemical and molecular parameters in Impatiens walleriana grown ex vitro. Experiment design included three treatments: Control plants—grown under optimal watering (35%–37% of soil moisture content), drought-stressed plants—non-irrigated to reach 15% and 5% of soil moisture content and recovery plants—rehydrated for four days to reach optimal soil moisture content. Drought reduced fresh weight, total leaf area, as well as dry weight of I. walleriana shoots. Drought up-regulated expression of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis genes 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4 (NCED4) and abscisic aldehyde oxidase 2 (AAO2) and catabolic gene ABA 8′-hydroxylase 3 (ABA8ox3) which was followed by increased ABA content in the leaves. Decrement in water potential of shoots during the drought was not accompanied with increased amino acid proline content. We detected an increase in chlorophyll, carotenoid, total polyphenols and flavonols content under drought conditions, as well as malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and DPPH (1,1′-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) activity. Increased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) throughout drought were also determined. Recovery treatment was significant for neutralizing drought effect on growth parameters, shoot water potential, proline content and genes expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Đurić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.T.-M.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-207-8425
| | - Angelina Subotić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.T.-M.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Ljiljana Prokić
- Department for Agrochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.T.-M.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Aleksandar Cingel
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.T.-M.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Milorad Vujičić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.T.-M.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Bianchi D, Caramanico L, Grossi D, Brancadoro L, Lorenzis GD. How Do Novel M-Rootstock ( Vitis Spp.) Genotypes Cope with Drought? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101385. [PMID: 33080884 PMCID: PMC7603061 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most of the vineyards around the world are in areas characterized by seasonal drought, where water deficits and high temperatures represent severe constraints on the regular grapevine growth cycle. Although grapevines are well adapted to arid and semi-arid environments, water stress can cause physiological changes, from mild to irreversible. Screening of available Vitis spp. genetic diversity for new rootstock breeding programs has been proposed as a way for which new viticulture challenges may be faced. In 2014, novel genotypes (M-rootstocks) were released from the University of Milan. In this work, the behavior of M1, M3 and M4 in response to decreasing water availabilities (80%, 50% and 20% soil water content, SWC) was investigated at the physiological and gene expression levels, evaluating gas exchange, stem water potential and transcript abundances of key genes related to ABA (abscisic acid) biosynthesis (VvZEP, VvNCED1 and VvNCED2) and signaling (VvPP2C4, VvSnRK2.6 and VvABF2), and comparing them to those of cuttings of nine commercial rootstocks widely used in viticulture. M-rootstocks showed a change at physiological levels in severe water-stressed conditions (20% soil water content, SWC), reducing the stomatal conductance and stem water potential, but maintaining high photosynthetic activity. Water use efficiency was high in water-limiting conditions. The transcriptional changes were observed at 50% SWC, with an increment of transcripts of VvNCED1 and VvNCED2 genes. M-rootstocks showed similar behavior to 1103P and 110R rootstocks, two highly tolerant commercial genotypes. These rootstocks adopted a tolerant strategy to face water-stressed conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucio Brancadoro
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (G.D.L.); Tel.: +39-02-503-16559 (L.B.); +39-02-503-16565 (G.D.L.)
| | - Gabriella De Lorenzis
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (G.D.L.); Tel.: +39-02-503-16559 (L.B.); +39-02-503-16565 (G.D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Knipfer T, Bambach N, Hernandez MI, Bartlett MK, Sinclair G, Duong F, Kluepfel DA, McElrone AJ. Predicting Stomatal Closure and Turgor Loss in Woody Plants Using Predawn and Midday Water Potential. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:881-894. [PMID: 32764130 PMCID: PMC7536669 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about physiological stress thresholds provides crucial information about plant performance and survival under drought. In this study, we report on the triphasic nature of the relationship between plant water potential (Ψ) at predawn and midday and describe a method that predicts Ψ at stomatal closure and turgor loss exclusively from this water potential curve (WP curve). The method is based on a piecewise linear regression model that was developed to predict the boundaries (termed Θ1 and Θ2) separating the three phases of the curve and corresponding slope values. The method was tested for three economically important woody species. For all species, midday Ψ was much more negative than predawn Ψ during phase I (mild drought), reductions in midday Ψ were minor while predawn Ψ continued to decline during phase II (moderate drought), and midday and predawn Ψ reached similar values during phase III (severe drought). Corresponding measurement of leaf gas exchange indicated that boundary Θ1 between phases I and II coincided with Ψ at stomatal closure. Data from pressure-volume curves demonstrated that boundary Θ2 between phases II and III predicted Ψ at leaf turgor loss. The WP curve method described here is an advanced application of the Scholander-type pressure chamber to categorize plant dehydration under drought into three distinct phases and to predict Ψ thresholds of stomatal closure and turgor loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Knipfer
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bambach
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - M Isabel Hernandez
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Megan K Bartlett
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Gabriela Sinclair
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Fiona Duong
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daniel A Kluepfel
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Urano K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants: From Cellular Responses to Long-Distance Intercellular Communication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556972. [PMID: 33013974 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556972/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The drought stress responses of vascular plants are complex regulatory mechanisms because they include various physiological responses from signal perception under water deficit conditions to the acquisition of drought stress resistance at the whole-plant level. It is thought that plants first recognize water deficit conditions in roots and that several molecular signals then move from roots to shoots. Finally, a phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized mainly in leaves. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of stress sensors and the regulators that initiate ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress conditions are still unclear. Another important issue is how plants adjust ABA propagation, stress-mediated gene expression and metabolite composition to acquire drought stress resistance in different tissues throughout the whole plant. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on drought stress responses, focusing on long-distance signaling from roots to shoots, ABA synthesis and transport, and metabolic regulation in both cellular and whole-plant levels of Arabidopsis and crops. We also discuss coordinated mechanisms for acquiring drought stress adaptations and resistance via tissue-to-tissue communication and long-distance signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Devi MJ, Reddy VR. Stomatal closure response to soil drying at different vapor pressure deficit conditions in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:714-722. [PMID: 32758980 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A plant transpiration rate under progressive soil drying remains constant until a threshold fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is reached, and subsequently decreases linearly. The sensitivity of this function and the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) and aquaporins in such responses have not been compared at various levels of atmospheric evaporative demand conditions. This study was conducted in controlled environment chambers with a drought-tolerant maize hybrid imposing progressive drought stress under three levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD- 1.2, 2.3, and 3.5 kPa). A shift in threshold-FTSW from 1.2 kPa (FTSW-0.42) VPD to 3.5 kPa(FTSW-0.51) VPD was observed, showing an effect of VPD on stomatal closure response under soil drought conditions. Foliar ABA showed a substantial rise approximately at the same time as of stomatal closure initiated (FTSW-threshold), indicating ABA involvement. As the drought progressed, an increase in plasma membrane intrinsic protein and a decrease in tonoplast intrinsic protein expression levels were observed. Overall, this study suggests the influence of evaporative demand on the initiation of stomatal closure of drought-tolerant maize subjected to soil drying. The sensitivity of stomatal closure was associated with foliar ABA under drought stress but not under high evaporative demand conditions, indicating alternative water conservative mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mura Jyostna Devi
- USDA-ARS, Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States.
| | - Vangimalla R Reddy
- USDA-ARS, Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Beltsville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Adamipour N, Khosh-Khui M, Salehi H, Razi H, Karami A, Moghadam A. Regulation of stomatal aperture in response to drought stress mediating with polyamines, nitric oxide synthase and hydrogen peroxide in Rosa canina L. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1790844. [PMID: 32657206 PMCID: PMC8550291 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1790844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess the role of genes involved in polyamines synthesis, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), copper amine oxidase activity (CuAO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in regulation of stomatal aperture to drought stress in Rosa canina L., a study was performed at three irrigating levels (25%, 50%, and 100% field capacity) with three replications at 1, 3, 6 and 12 days. The results showed that putrescine (Put) accumulation occurred under both 50% and 25% FC at 1 d. Furthermore, the role of the Put direct biosynthesis pathway ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was more effective under 50% FC whereas in the 25% FC the Put indirect production pathway (agmatine iminohydrolase (AIH), N-carbamoyl putrescine amidohydrolase (CPA) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC)) was more effective. HPLC results showed that the accumulation of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) is consistent with the expression of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), spermidine synthase (SPDS) and spermine synthase (SPMS) genes. Spd accumulation under both 50% and 25% FC occurred on the 3 d and then decreased in the other days. Spm content showed an increasing trend from 6 d under 50% FC and from 3 d under 25% FC. Our results suggest that among the measured polyamines, Put oxidation through CuAO activity increased resulted in an increase in H2O2 production. The H2O2 accumulation also as a secondary messenger led to enhance in NOS gene expression. Increase in NOS gene expression can act as a signal resulting in stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Adamipour
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Khosh-Khui
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Salehi
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hooman Razi
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticulture Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Moghadam
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Gebauer R, Plichta R, Urban J, Volařík D, Hájíčková M. The resistance and resilience of European beech seedlings to drought stress during the period of leaf development. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1147-1164. [PMID: 32470134 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Spring drought is becoming a frequently occurring stress factor in temperate forests. However, the understanding of tree resistance and resilience to the spring drought remains insufficient. In this study, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings at the early stage of leaf development were moderately and severely drought stressed for 1 month and then subjected to a 2-week recovery period after rewatering. The study aimed to disentangle the complex relationships between leaf gas exchange, vascular anatomy, tree morphology and patterns of biomass allocation. Stomatal conductance decreased by 80 and 85% upon moderate and severe drought stress, respectively, which brought about a decline in net photosynthesis. However, drought did not affect the indices of slow chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating no permanent damage to the light part of the photosynthetic apparatus. Stem hydraulic conductivity decreased by more than 92% at both drought levels. Consequently, the cambial activity of stressed seedlings declined, which led to lower stem biomass, reduced tree ring width and a lower number of vessels in the current tree ring, these latter also with smaller dimensions. In contrast, the petiole structure was not affected, but at the cost of reduced leaf biomass. Root biomass was reduced only by severe drought. After rewatering, the recovery of gas exchange and regrowth of the current tree ring were observed, all delayed by several days and by lower magnitudes in severely stressed seedlings. The reduced stem hydraulic conductivity inhibited the recovery of gas exchange, but xylem function started to recover by regrowth and refilling of embolized vessels. Despite the damage to conductive xylem, no mortality occurred. These results suggest the low resistance but high resilience of European beech to spring drought. Nevertheless, beech resilience could be weakened if the period between drought events is short, as the recovery of severely stressed seedlings took longer than 14 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gebauer
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Daniel Volařík
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hájíčková
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gambetta GA, Herrera JC, Dayer S, Feng Q, Hochberg U, Castellarin SD. The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4658-4676. [PMID: 32433735 PMCID: PMC7410189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water availability is arguably the most important environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Erratic precipitation patterns and increased temperatures resulting from climate change will likely make drought events more frequent in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for agriculture. Addressing these challenges through increased irrigation is not always a sustainable solution so there is a growing need to identify and/or breed drought-tolerant crop varieties in order to maintain sustainability in the context of climate change. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a major fruit crop of economic importance, has emerged as a model perennial fruit crop for the study of drought tolerance. This review synthesizes the most recent results on grapevine drought responses, the impact of water deficit on fruit yield and composition, and the identification of drought-tolerant varieties. Given the existing gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying grapevine drought responses, we aim to answer the following question: how can we move towards a more integrative definition of grapevine drought tolerance?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Silvina Dayer
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, chemin de Leysotte, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Quishuo Feng
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Uri Hochberg
- ARO Volcani Center, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Simone D Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Brunetti C, Savi T, Nardini A, Loreto F, Gori A, Centritto M. Changes in abscisic acid content during and after drought are related to carbohydrate mobilization and hydraulic recovery in poplar stems. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1043-1057. [PMID: 32186735 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought compromises plant's ability to replace transpired water vapor with water absorbed from the soil, leading to extensive xylem dysfunction and causing plant desiccation and death. Short-term plant responses to drought rely on stomatal closure, and on the plant's ability to recover hydraulic functioning after drought relief. We hypothesize a key role for abscisic acid (ABA) not only in the control of stomatal aperture, but also in hydraulic recovery. Young plants of Populus nigra L. were used to investigate possible relationships among ABA, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and xylem hydraulic function under drought and after re-watering. In Populus nigra L. plants subjected to drought, water transport efficiency and hydraulic recovery after re-watering were monitored by measuring the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and stem specific hydraulic conductivity (Kstem). In the same plants ABA and NSC were quantified in wood and bark. Drought severely reduced stomatal conductance (gL) and markedly increased the PLC. Leaf and stem water potential, and stem hydraulic efficiency fully recovered within 24 h after re-watering, but gL values remained low. After re-watering, we found significant correlations between changes in ABA content and hexoses concentration both in wood and bark. Our findings suggest a role for ABA in the regulation of stem carbohydrate metabolism and starch mobilization upon drought relief, possibly promoting the restoration of xylem transport capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Tadeja Savi
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, BOKU, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1190, Vienna, Austria Austria
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Frioni T, Tombesi S, Sabbatini P, Squeri C, Lavado Rodas N, Palliotti A, Poni S. Kaolin Reduces ABA Biosynthesis Through the Inhibition of Neoxanthin Synthesis in Grapevines Under Water Deficit. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144950. [PMID: 32668754 PMCID: PMC7404328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many viticulture regions, multiple summer stresses are occurring with increased frequency and severity because of warming trends. Kaolin-based particle film technology is a technique that can mitigate the negative effects of intense and/or prolonged drought on grapevine physiology. Although a primary mechanism of action of kaolin is the increase of radiation reflection, some indirect effects are the protection of canopy functionality and faster stress recovery by abscisic acid (ABA) regulation. The physiological mechanism underlying the kaolin regulation of canopy functionality under water deficit is still poorly understood. In a dry-down experiment carried out on grapevines, at the peak of stress and when control vines zeroed whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rates/leaf area (NCER/LA), kaolin-treated vines maintained positive NCER/LA (~2 µmol m-2 s-1) and canopy transpiration (E) (0.57 µmol m-2 s-1). Kaolin-coated leaves had a higher violaxanthin (Vx) + antheraxanthin (Ax) + zeaxanthin (Zx) pool and a significantly lower neoxanthin (Nx) content (VAZ) when water deficit became severe. At the peak of water shortage, leaf ABA suddenly increased by 4-fold in control vines, whereas in kaolin-coated leaves the variation of ABA content was limited. Overall, kaolin prevented the biosynthesis of ABA by avoiding the deviation of the VAZ epoxidation/de-epoxidation cycle into the ABA precursor (i.e., Nx) biosynthetic direction. The preservation of the active VAZ cycle and transpiration led to an improved dissipation of exceeding electrons, explaining the higher resilience of canopy functionality expressed by canopies sprayed by kaolin. These results point out the interaction of kaolin with the regulation of the VAZ cycle and the active mechanism of stomatal conductance regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Frioni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390523599221
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Cecilia Squeri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Nieves Lavado Rodas
- CICYTEX (Junta de Extremadura), Finca La Orden, Ctra. A-V, km 372, Guadajira, 06187 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Poni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (C.S.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Song T, Yang F, Das D, Chen M, Hu Q, Tian Y, Cheng C, Liu Y, Zhang J. Transcriptomic analysis of photosynthesis‐related genes regulated by alternate wetting and drying irrigation in flag leaves of rice. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Feng Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Moxian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
| | - Qijuan Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Chaolin Cheng
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ogbaga CC, Athar HUR, Amir M, Bano H, Chater CC, Jellason NP. Clarity on frequently asked questions about drought measurements in plant physiology. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
73
|
Dacosta-Aguayo R, Wylie G, DeLuca J, Genova H. Changes in plant function and root mycobiome caused by flood and drought in a riparian tree. Behav Neurol 2020; 40:886-903. [PMID: 32175581 PMCID: PMC7775148 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Under increasingly harsh climatic conditions, conservation of threatened species requires integrative studies to understand stress tolerance. Riparian Ulmus minor Mill. populations have been massively reduced by Dutch Elm disease (DED). However, resistant genotypes were selected to restore lost populations. To understand the acclimation mechanisms to the succession of abiotic stresses, ramets of five DED-tolerant U. minor genotypes were subjected to flood and subsequently to drought. Physiological and biochemical responses were evaluated together with shifts in root-fungal assemblages. During both stresses, plants exhibited a decline in leaf net photosynthesis and an increase in percentage loss of stem hydraulic conductivity and in leaf and root proline content. Stomatal closure was produced by chemical signals during flood and hydraulic signals during drought. Despite broad similarities in plant response to both stresses, root-mycobiome shifts were markedly different. The five genotypes were similarly tolerant to moderate drought, however, flood tolerance varied between genotypes. In general, flood did not enhance drought susceptibility due to fast flood recovery, nevertheless, different responses to drought after flood were observed between genotypes. Associations were found between some fungal taxonomic groups and plant functional traits varying with flood and drought (e.g. proline, chlorophyll and starch content) indicating that the thriving of certain taxa depends on host responses to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Glenn Wylie
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
| | - John DeLuca
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Helen Genova
- Neuropsychology and Neuroscience, Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Yu R, Brillante L, Martínez-Lüscher J, Kurtural SK. Spatial Variability of Soil and Plant Water Status and Their Cascading Effects on Grapevine Physiology Are Linked to Berry and Wine Chemistry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32655596 PMCID: PMC7324756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between differences in plant water status, induced by spatial variability in soil texture, and the changes in berry and wine composition were investigated in an irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinefera L.) vineyard for 2 years. A stratified and an equidistant grid were overlaid on the vineyard to characterize the soil texture by proximal sensing, soil sampling, and grapevine physiological and berry chemical development. Based on the mid-day stem water potential (Ψ stem ) integrals, the vineyard was divided into two functional homogenous zones: Zone 1 with higher water stress and Zone 2 with lower water. Zone 1 consistently had lower Ψ stem , net carbon assimilation, and stomatal conductance in both years. Berry weight and titratable acidity were lower in Zone 1 at harvest. Zone 2 reached 26 and 24°Bx total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest in Years 1 and 2, respectively, with higher TSS values of 30 and 27°Bx in Zone 1. Ravaz index did not vary spatially. Fruits were harvested differentially in both years and vinified separately from the two zones. In Year 1, all berry skin anthocyanin derivatives, tri-, di- hydroxylated, and total anthocyanins concentrations were higher in Zone 2. However, in Year 2, only malvidin, tri-hydroxylated, and total anthocyanins were higher in Zone 1. There were no differences in wine flavonoids in Year 2 when harvest commenced earlier. In both years, Ψ stem , berry weight, and TSS were directly related to soil bulk electrical conductivity (EC). Our results indicated vineyard variability stemmed from soil texture that affected long-term plant water status which does not affect spatial variability of Ravaz Index. In conclusion, our work provides fundamental knowledge about the applicability of soil bulk EC sensing in the vineyards, and its potential directional utilization by connecting proximal soil sensing to spatial distribution of whole-plant physiological performance together with berry and wine chemistry.
Collapse
|
75
|
Dayer S, Scharwies JD, Ramesh SA, Sullivan W, Doerflinger FC, Pagay V, Tyerman SD. Comparing Hydraulics Between Two Grapevine Cultivars Reveals Differences in Stomatal Regulation Under Water Stress and Exogenous ABA Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:705. [PMID: 32636852 PMCID: PMC7316991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulics of plants that have different strategies of stomatal regulation under water stress are relatively poorly understood. We explore how root and shoot hydraulics, stomatal conductance (g s), leaf and root aquaporin (AQP) expression, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in leaf xylem sap ([ABA]xylemsap) may be coordinated under mild water stress and exogenous ABA applications in two Vitis vinifera L. cultivars traditionally classified as near-isohydric (Grenache) and near-anisohydric (Syrah). Under water stress, Grenache exhibited stronger adjustments of plant and root hydraulic conductances and greater stomatal sensitivity to [ABA]xylemsap than Syrah resulting in greater conservation of soil moisture but not necessarily more isohydric behavior. Correlations between leaf (Ψleaf) and predawn (ΨPD) water potentials between cultivars suggested a "hydrodynamic" behavior rather than a particular iso-anisohydric classification. A significant decrease of Ψleaf in well-watered ABA-fed vines supported a role of ABA in the soil-leaf hydraulic pathway to regulate g s. Correlations between leaf and root AQPs expression levels under water deficit could explain the response of leaf (K leaf) and root (Lp r) hydraulic conductances in both cultivars. Additional studies under a wider range of soil water deficits are required to explore the possible differential regulation of g s and plant hydraulics in different cultivars and experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Dayer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Johannes D. Scharwies
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | | | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Merlaen B, De Keyser E, Van Labeke MC. The jasmonic acid pathway, rather than abscisic acid, may partly explain contrasting stomatal responses in two strawberry cultivars under osmotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:21-33. [PMID: 32179469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major threat in agriculture and horticulture, including commercial strawberry production. Here, we compare hormonal regulation of a first-line drought stress response, namely stomatal closure, in two Fragaria x ananassa cultivars, known to differ in their drought stress phenotype. We show that the observed difference in xylem abscisic acid accumulation cannot explain the different stomatal responses under osmotic stress. Foliar abscisic acid accumulation cannot fully account for the stomatal behavior in one of both cultivars either. An indirect effect of abscisic acid on stomatal conductance via an impact on leaf hydraulic conductance, possibly mediated via aquaporins, as is recently proposed in literature, was not observed here. Next, we show that these two cultivars respond differently to jasmonic acid and one of its precursors. This difference in sensitivity of the jasmonates pathway between both cultivars may partly explain the different stomatal response. This study contributes to the understanding of the regulation of an important drought stress response in an economically important crop prone to water deficit stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Merlaen
- Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Ismail A, El-Sharkawy I, Sherif S. Salt Stress Signals on Demand: Cellular Events in the Right Context. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113918. [PMID: 32486204 PMCID: PMC7313037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant stress is a real dilemma; it puzzles plant biologists and is a global problem that negatively affects people’s daily lives. Of particular interest is salinity, because it represents one of the major water-related stress types. We aimed to determine the signals that guide the cellular-related events where various adaptation mechanisms cross-talk to cope with salinity-related water stress in plants. In an attempt to unravel these mechanisms and introduce cellular events in the right context, we expansively discussed how salt-related signals are sensed, with particular emphasis on aquaporins, nonselective cation channels (NSCCs), and glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC). We also elaborated on the critical role Ca2+, H+, and ROS in mediating signal transduction pathways associated with the response and tolerance to salt stress. In addition, the fragmentary results from the literature were compiled to develop a harmonized, informational, and contemplative model that is intended to improve our perception of these adaptative mechanisms and set a common platform for plant biologists to identify intriguing research questions in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, P.O. Box 22516, Damanhour, Egypt;
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Florida A&M University, Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research. 6361 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA;
| | - Sherif Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22062, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-232-6035
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Yu R, Kurtural SK. Proximal Sensing of Soil Electrical Conductivity Provides a Link to Soil-Plant Water Relationships and Supports the Identification of Plant Water Status Zones in Vineyards. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:244. [PMID: 32218792 PMCID: PMC7078246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the wine grapes are grown in Mediterranean climates, where water is the determining factor for grapevine physiology and berry chemistry. At the vineyard scale, plant water status is variable due to the variability in many environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the ecophysiological variability of an irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard. We used equidistant grid sampling to assess the spatial variations of the plants and soil, including plant water status by stem water potential (Ψ stem ), leaf gas exchange, and on-site soil analysis. We also measured soil electrical conductivity (EC) by proximal sensing at two depths [0.75 - 1.5 m (sub soil); 0 - 0.75 m (top soil)]. Ψ stem integrals were calculated to represent the season-long plant water status. On the base of realized Ψ stem integrals, the vineyard was delineated into two functional homogeneous zones (fHZs) with one severely water stressed zone and one moderately water stressed zone. Sub soil EC was directly related to Ψ stem (r 2 = 0.56) and g s (r 2 = 0.39) when the soil was proximally sensed at harvest in 2018. Although the same trend was evident in 2019 we could not deduce a direct relationship. The fruits from the two fHZs were harvested differentially. Comparing the two fHZs, there was no significant difference in juice total soluble solids or pH. The severely water stressed zone showed significantly higher malvidin and total anthocyanins on a dry skin weight basis, but lower peonidin, malvidin on a per berry basis in 2018. In 2019, there were more quercetin and total flavonols per berry in the severely water stressed zone. Overall, this study provided fundamental knowledge of the viability of managing spatial variability by delineating vineyard into distinct zones based on plant water status, and the potentiality of proximally sensed soil EC in the spatial assessment of plant water status and the supporting of vineyard management.
Collapse
|
79
|
Xie Q, Essemine J, Pang X, Chen H, Cai W. Exogenous application of abscisic acid to shoots promotes primary root cell division and elongation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110385. [PMID: 32005390 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Root-derived abscisic acid (ABA) is known to regulate shoot physiology, such as stomata closure. Conversely, the basipetal regulatory effect of shoot-derived ABA is poorly understood. Herein, we report that simulation of shoot-ABA accumulation by exogenous application of ABA to shoots basipetally stimulates primary root (PR) growth. ABA applied to shoots accelerates root cell division, as evidenced by the increase in meristem size and cell number and the intensity of CYCB1;1::GFP (a mitosis marker). Root ABA content was not changed following shoot ABA application, although the ABA reporter line RAB18::GFP showed an increase in ABA in the cotyledons. Shoot-ABA application increases basipetal auxin transport by 114 %. Shoot-ABA-promoted PR growth can be abolished by attenuating basipetal auxin flux using 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA, an auxin transport inhibitor), demonstrating that ABA promotes PR growth by increasing basipetal auxin transport. Root cell elongation, evaluated by the total length of the first 7 cells in the elongation zone (EZ), was increased by 56 % following shoot-ABA application. The cell walls of the root EZ were alkalinized by ABA, as exhibited by 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt staining. Higher pH promotes both PR growth and cell elongation. Thus, shoot-ABA promotes cell elongation by alkalinizing the cell wall. In light of our results, we provide a representative detailed model of the basipetal regulatory effect of ABA on PR growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Xie
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Pang
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Effects of Vine Water Status and Exogenous Abscisic Acid on Berry Composition of Three Red Wine Grapes Grown under Mediterranean Climate. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Beyond climatic conditions, qualitative performance is led by the intrinsic characteristics of the genotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between vine water status and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application on berry composition of the cultivars Cannonau, Merlot and Sangiovese. The experiment, carried out in 2016 and 2017, consisted of comparing two levels of irrigation treatments, full irrigation versus a non-irrigation treatment. Within each treatment, two sub-treatments were set up: (i) 4 mL L−1 of exogenous ABA applied at veraison to clusters only and subsequently repeated after six days; (ii) a control (untreated vines). The application of different irrigation regimes confirmed that the response to water stress is highly cultivar-dependent. Berry composition was influenced differently among cultivars by water stress. In terms of metabolites, positive influences were observed with Cannonau. No significant effects were observed by spraying exogenous ABA directly on grapes. Moreover, no significant interactions were found between the application of water stress and ABA. Exogenous ABA application did not appear to be a viticultural practice capable of influencing must composition in environments characterized by severe environmental conditions such as heat and drought.
Collapse
|
81
|
Cochetel N, Ghan R, Toups HS, Degu A, Tillett RL, Schlauch KA, Cramer GR. Drought tolerance of the grapevine, Vitis champinii cv. Ramsey, is associated with higher photosynthesis and greater transcriptomic responsiveness of abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:55. [PMID: 32019503 PMCID: PMC7001288 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine is an economically important crop for which yield and berry quality is strongly affected by climate change. Large variations in drought tolerance exist across Vitis species. Some of these species are used as rootstock to enhance abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic responses to water deficit of four different genotypes that differ in drought tolerance: Ramsey (Vitis champinii), Riparia Gloire (Vitis riparia), Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera), and SC2 (Vitis vinifera x Vitis girdiana). RESULTS Ramsey was particularly more drought tolerant than the other three genotypes. Ramsey maintained a higher stomatal conductance and photosynthesis at equivalent levels of moderate water deficit. We identified specific and common transcriptomic responses shared among the four different Vitis species using RNA sequencing analysis. A weighted gene co-expression analysis identified a water deficit core gene set with the ABA biosynthesis and signaling genes, NCED3, RD29B and ABI1 as potential hub genes. The transcript abundance of many abscisic acid metabolism and signaling genes was strongly increased by water deficit along with genes associated with lipid metabolism, galactinol synthases and MIP family proteins. This response occurred at smaller water deficits in Ramsey and with higher transcript abundance than the other genotypes. A number of aquaporin genes displayed differential and unique responses to water deficit in Ramsey leaves. Genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis and metabolism were constitutively higher in the roots of Ramsey; thus, linking the gene expression of a known factor that influences ABA biosynthesis to this genotype's increased NCED3 transcript abundance. CONCLUSION The drought tolerant Ramsey maintained higher photosynthesis at equivalent water deficit than the three other grapevine genotypes. Ramsey was more responsive to water deficit; its transcriptome responded at smaller water deficits, whereas the other genotypes did not respond until more severe water deficits were reached. There was a common core gene network responding to water deficit for all genotypes that included ABA metabolism and signaling. The gene clusters and sub-networks identified in this work represent interesting gene lists to explore and to better understand drought tolerance molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noé Cochetel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Ryan Ghan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Haley S. Toups
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Asfaw Degu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
- Present address: College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Richard L. Tillett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Karen A. Schlauch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | - Grant R. Cramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Abstract
Climate change leads to global drought-induced stress and increased plant mortality. Tree species living in rapidly changing climate conditions are exposed to danger and must adapt to new climate conditions to survive. Trees respond to changes in the environment in numerous ways. Physiological modulation at the seed stage, germination strategy and further development are influenced by many different factors. We review forest abiotic threats (such as drought and heat), including biochemical responses of plants to stress, and biotic threats (pathogens and insects) related to global warming. We then discus the varied adaptations of tree species to changing climate conditions such as seed resistance to environmental stress, improved by an increase in temperature, affinity to specific fungal symbionts, a wide range of tolerance to abiotic environmental conditions in the offspring of populations occurring in continental climate, and germination strategies closely linked to the ecological niche of the species. The existing studies do not clearly indicate whether tree adaptations are shaped by epigenetics or phenology and do not define the role of phenotypic plasticity in tree development. We have created a juxtaposition of literature that is useful in identifying the factors that play key roles in these processes. We compare scientific evidence that species distribution and survival are possible due to phenotypic plasticity and thermal memory with studies that testify that trees’ phenology depends on phylogenesis, but this issue is still open. It is possible that studies in the near future will bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms through which trees adapt to stressful conditions, especially in the context of epigenetic memory in long-lived organisms, and allow us to minimize the harmful effects of climatic events by predicting tree species’ responses or by developing solutions such as assisted migration to mitigate the consequences of these phenomena.
Collapse
|
83
|
Zenes N, Kerr KL, Trugman AT, Anderegg WRL. Competition and Drought Alter Optimal Stomatal Strategy in Tree Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:478. [PMID: 32457769 PMCID: PMC7227391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of plant stomatal strategies holds strong promise for improving predictions of vegetation responses to drought because stomata are the primary mechanism through which plants mitigate water stress. It has been assumed that plants regulate stomata to maintain a constant marginal water use efficiency and forego carbon gain when water is scarce. However, recent hypotheses pose that plants maximize carbon assimilation while also accounting for the risk of hydraulic damage via cavitation and hydraulic failure. This "gain-risk" framework incorporates competition in stomatal regulation because it takes into account that neighboring plants can "steal" unused water. This study utilizes stomatal models representing both the water use efficiency and carbon-maximization frameworks, and empirical data from three species in a potted growth chamber experiment, to investigate the effects of drought and competition on seedling stomatal strategy. We found that drought and competition responses in the empirical data were best explained by the carbon-maximization hypothesis and that both drought and competition affected stomatal strategy. Interestingly, stomatal responses differed substantially by species, with seedlings employing a riskier strategy when planted with a high water use competitor, and seedlings employing a more conservative strategy when planted with a low water use competitor. Lower water users in general had less stomatal sensitivity to decreasing Ψ L compared to moderate to high water users. Repeated water stress also resulted in legacy effects on plant stomatal behavior, increasing stomatal sensitivity (i.e., conservative behavior) even when the seedling was returned to well-watered conditions. These results indicate that stomatal strategies are dynamic and change with climate and competition stressors. Therefore, incorporating mechanisms that allow for stomatal behavioral changes in response to water limitation may be an important step to improving carbon cycle projections in coupled climate-Earth system models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zenes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Nicole Zenes, ;
| | - Kelly L. Kerr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Anna T. Trugman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Takahashi F, Kuromori T, Urano K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants: From Cellular Responses to Long-Distance Intercellular Communication. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556972. [PMID: 33013974 PMCID: PMC7511591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The drought stress responses of vascular plants are complex regulatory mechanisms because they include various physiological responses from signal perception under water deficit conditions to the acquisition of drought stress resistance at the whole-plant level. It is thought that plants first recognize water deficit conditions in roots and that several molecular signals then move from roots to shoots. Finally, a phytohormone, abscisic acid (ABA) is synthesized mainly in leaves. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of stress sensors and the regulators that initiate ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress conditions are still unclear. Another important issue is how plants adjust ABA propagation, stress-mediated gene expression and metabolite composition to acquire drought stress resistance in different tissues throughout the whole plant. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on drought stress responses, focusing on long-distance signaling from roots to shoots, ABA synthesis and transport, and metabolic regulation in both cellular and whole-plant levels of Arabidopsis and crops. We also discuss coordinated mechanisms for acquiring drought stress adaptations and resistance via tissue-to-tissue communication and long-distance signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fuminori Takahashi,
| | - Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Zhu K, Yuan F, Wang A, Yang H, Guan D, Jin C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wu J. Effects of soil rewatering on mesophyll and stomatal conductance and the associated mechanisms involving leaf anatomy and some physiological activities in Manchurian ash and Mongolian oak in the Changbai Mountains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:22-34. [PMID: 31550610 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recoveries of mesophyll (gm) and stomatal conductance to CO2 (gsc) after soil rewatering have received considerable attention in recent years, but the recovery mechanisms involving leaf anatomy and physiological activities are poorly understood. Moreover, it is also unclear whether leaf gas-phase conductance (gias) or liquid-phase conductance (gliq) is the main factor promoting gm recovery. By simultaneously using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, we measured the recoveries of gm and gsc in saplings of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) and Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fish. ex Ledeb) exposed to two initial water stress (medium water stress, MW, and severe water stress, SW) and following rewatering. Furthermore, leaf anatomical characteristics and the activities of aquaporin (AQP) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) were measured to explain the mechanisms of gm and gsc recoveries. The results showed that (i) both gm and gsc were partly recovered after rewatering, and the recoveries decreased with initial water stress in both species. (ii) The gm recovery was much greater in Mongolian oak than in Manchurian ash, while the gsc recovery was much greater in Manchurian ash. Consequently, the photosynthesis recovery in Manchurian ash was mostly affected by gsc recovery, while that in Mongolian oak was mostly affected by gm recovery. (iii) The gm recovery mainly resulted from the great increase in leaf gliq after rewatering rather than that in gias, as gias had a negative effect on gm recovery. The stomatal opening status improved after rewatering, as the stomatal pore size (SS) increased, greatly promoting gsc recovery. In addition, the activities of both AQP and CA increased after rewatering, which improved CO2 transmembrane transports and greatly promoted gm and gsc recoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Liu F, Ma H, Peng L, Du Z, Ma B, Liu X. Effect of the inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on the photosynthetic characteristics of Sambucus williamsii Hance container seedlings under drought stress. AMB Express 2019; 9:169. [PMID: 31673866 PMCID: PMC6823468 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that survive within the range of plant rhizosphere and can promote plant growth. The effects of PGPR in promoting plant growth, activating soil nutrients, reducing fertilizer application, and improving the resistance of plant inducible system have been widely investigated. However, few studies have investigated PGPR as elicitors of tolerance to abiotic stresses, especially drought stress. In this study, the effects of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus X128 on the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and total chlorophyll content [Chl(a+b)] of Sambucus williamsii Hance seedling leaves under moderate drought stress and drought-rewatering conditions were determined. Compared with those of uninoculated seedlings, the average Pn values during the entire drought stress of inoculated seedlings increased by 12.99%. As the drought duration was lengthened, Ci of uninoculated leaves continued to increase after rapidly declining, whereas Gs continuously decreased. Furthermore, their photosynthetic properties were simultaneously restricted by stomatal and non-stomatal factors. After X128 inoculation, Ci and Gs of S. williamsii Hance leaves continued to decrease, and their photosynthetic properties were mainly restricted by stomatal factors. At the end of the drought stress, water stress reduced [Chl(a + b)] of S. williamsii Hance leaves by 13.49%. However, X128 inoculation decreased this deficit to only 7.39%. After water supply was recovered, Pn, Gs, and [Chl(a+b)] in uninoculated leaves were reduced by 14.23%, 12.02%, and 5.86%, respectively, relative to those under well-watered conditions. However, Ci increased by 6.48%. Compared with those of uninoculated seedlings, Pn, Gs, and [Chl(a+b)] in X128-inoculated seedlings were increased by 9.83%, 9.30%, and 6.85%, respectively. Therefore, the inoculation of X128 under arid environments can mitigate the reduction of chlorophyll, delay the restriction caused by non-stomatal factors to Pn in plant leaves under water stress, and can be more conducive to the recovery of photosynthetic functions of leaves after water supply is recovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangchun Liu
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Lin Peng
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Bingyao Ma
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Institute of Resource and Environment, Shandong Academy of Forestry, 42 Wenhua East Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Forest Vegetation, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Brunetti C, Gori A, Marino G, Latini P, Sobolev AP, Nardini A, Haworth M, Giovannelli A, Capitani D, Loreto F, Taylor G, Mugnozza GS, Harfouche A, Centritto M. Dynamic changes in ABA content in water-stressed Populus nigra: effects on carbon fixation and soluble carbohydrates. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:627-644. [PMID: 30715123 PMCID: PMC6821382 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hydraulic and chemical signals operate in tandem to regulate systemic plant responses to drought. Transport of abscisic acid (ABA) through the xylem and phloem from the root to shoot has been suggested to serve as the main signal of water deficit. There is evidence that ABA and its ABA-glycosyl-ester (ABA-GE) are also formed in leaves and stems through the chloroplastic 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway. This study aimed to evaluate how hormonal and hydraulic signals contribute to optimize stomatal (gs), mesophyll (gm) and leaf hydraulic (Kleaf) conductance under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in Populus nigra (black poplar) plants. In addition, we assessed possible relationships between ABA and soluble carbohydrates within the leaf and stem. METHODS Plants were subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (WW), moderate stress (WS1) and severe stress (WS2). This experimental set-up enabled a time-course analysis of the response to water deficit at the physiological [leaf gas exchange, plant water relations, (Kleaf)], biochemical (ABA and its metabolite/catabolite quantification in xylem sap, leaves, wood, bark and roots) and molecular (gene expression of ABA biosynthesis) levels. KEY RESULTS Our results showed strong coordination between gs, gm and Kleaf under water stress, which reduced transpiration and increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEint). Analysis of gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and ABA content in different tissues showed a general up-regulation of the biosynthesis of this hormone and its finely-tuned catabolism in response to water stress. Significant linear relationships were found between soluble carbohydrates and ABA contents in both leaves and stems, suggesting a putative function for this hormone in carbohydrate mobilization under severe water stress. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the tight regulation of the photosynthetic machinery by levels of ABA in different plants organs on a daily basis in both well-watered and water stress conditions to optimize WUEint and coordinate whole plant acclimation responses to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brunetti
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- University of Florence, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marino
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Paolo Latini
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anatoly P Sobolev
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matthew Haworth
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Alessio Giovannelli
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo (Roma), Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antoine Harfouche
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Huber AE, Melcher PJ, Piñeros MA, Setter TL, Bauerle TL. Signal coordination before, during and after stomatal closure in response to drought stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:675-688. [PMID: 31364171 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Signal coordination in response to changes in water availability remains unclear, as does the role of embolism events in signaling drought stress. Sunflowers were exposed to two drought treatments of varying intensity while simultaneously monitoring changes in stomatal conductance, acoustic emissions (AE), turgor pressure, surface-level electrical potential, organ-level water potential and leaf abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. Leaf, stem and root xylem vulnerability to embolism were measured with the single vessel injection technique. In both drought treatments, it was found that AE events and turgor changes preceded the onset of stomatal closure, whereas electrical surface potentials shifted concurrently with stomatal closure. Leaf-level ABA concentration did not change until after stomata were closed. Roots and petioles were equally vulnerable to drought stress based on the single vessel injection technique. However, anatomical analysis of the xylem indicated that the increased AE events were not a result of xylem embolism formation. Additionally, roots and stems never reached a xylem pressure threshold that would initiate runaway embolism throughout the entire experiment. It is concluded that stomatal closure was not embolism-driven, but, rather, that onset of stomatal closure was most closely correlated with the hydraulic signal from changes in leaf turgor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika E Huber
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Melcher
- Biology Department, Center for Natural Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, 14850, NY, USA
| | - Miguel A Piñeros
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, NY, USA
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Tim L Setter
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Bielsa B, Sanz MÁ, Rubio-Cabetas MJ. Uncovering early response to drought by proteomic, physiological and biochemical changes in the almond × peach rootstock 'Garnem'. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:994-1008. [PMID: 31526467 DOI: 10.1071/fp19050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought affects growth and metabolism in plants. To investigate the changes in root protein function involved in the early response to drought stress, a proteomic analysis in combination to a physiological and biochemical analysis was performed in plants of 'Garnem', an almond × peach hybrid rootstock, subjected to short-term drought stress. Abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation levels increased during the drought exposure, which induced stomatal closure, and thus, minimised water losses. These effects were reflected in stomatal conductance and leaf water potential levels. However, 'Garnem' was able to balance water content and maintain an osmotic adjustment in cell membranes, suggesting a dehydration avoidance strategy. The proteomic analysis revealed significant abundance changes in 29 and 24 spots after 2 and 24 h of drought stress respectively. Out of these, 15 proteins were identified by LC-ESI-MS/MS. The abundance changes of these proteins suggest the influence in drought-responsive mechanisms present in 'Garnem', allowing its adaptation to drought conditions. Overall, our study improves existing knowledge on the root proteomic changes in the early response to drought. This will lead to a better understanding of dehydration avoidance and tolerance strategies, and finally, help in new drought-tolerance breeding approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bielsa
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Á Sanz
- Área de Laboratorios de Análisis y Asistencia Tecnológica, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J Rubio-Cabetas
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Av. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Bär A, Michaletz ST, Mayr S. Fire effects on tree physiology. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1728-1741. [PMID: 31032970 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat injuries sustained in a fire can initiate a cascade of complex mechanisms that affect the physiology of trees after fires. Uncovering the exact physiological mechanisms and relating specific injuries to whole-plant and ecosystem functioning is the focus of intense current research. Recent studies have made critical steps forward in our understanding of tree physiological processes after fires, and have suggested mechanisms by which fire injuries may interact with disturbances such as drought, insects and pathogens. We outline a conceptual framework that unifies the involved processes, their interconnections, and possible feedbacks, and contextualizes these responses with existing hypotheses for disturbance effects on plants and ecosystems. By focusing on carbon and water as currencies of plant functioning, we demonstrate fire-induced cambium/phloem necrosis and xylem damage to be main disturbance effects. The resulting carbon starvation and hydraulic dysfunction are linked with drought and insect impacts. Evaluating the precise process relationships will be crucial for fully understanding how fires can affect tree functionality, and will help improve fire risk assessment and mortality model predictions. Especially considering future climate-driven increases in fire frequency and intensity, knowledge of the physiological tree responses is important to better estimate postfire ecosystem dynamics and interactions with climate disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bär
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Improving Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) Using Alternate Partial Root-Zone Drip Irrigation in Arid Northwest China. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11071503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Processing tomato is one of the most important economic crops in Xinjiang, China, which was constrained with severe water shortage and extreme arid climate. Alternate partial root-zone irrigation (APRI) may provide an effective way to increase irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) without yield reduction. However, limited studies concerned about applying APRI in processing tomato plantation have been done, especially combined with drip irrigation to further control the irrigation and improve iWUE. Therefore, the two-year pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different irrigation treatments, including three APRI treatments (irrigation quota of 67.5, 51.6, and 43.7 mm, respectively), fixed partial root-zoon drip irrigation (FPRI, 67.5 mm) and conventional drip irrigation (CDI, 67.5 mm). The results indicated that APRI was an appropriate irrigation method in processing tomato plantation in arid desert area such as Xinjiang, as high irrigation quota of APRI (APRIH) significantly improved its yield without fruit quality reduction in comparison with those of CDI. However, the yield without fruit quality of FPRI significantly decreased. Even if the irrigation quota of APRI decreased to the medium level (APRIM, 51.6 mm), iWUE by increased 31.8–32.7% on the contrary, as irrigation water was saved by 23.6%; while keeping the yield and fruit quality. Therefore, APRIM is recommended for processing tomato plantation in arid northwest China, to increase plant growth, fruit quality, yield, and iWUE synergistically.
Collapse
|
92
|
Rodrigues J, Inzé D, Nelissen H, Saibo NJM. Source-Sink Regulation in Crops under Water Deficit. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:652-663. [PMID: 31109763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To meet the food demands of an increasing world population, it is necessary to improve crop production; a task that is made more challenging by the changing climate. Several recent reports show that increasing the capacity of plants to assimilate carbon (source strength), or to tap into the internal carbon reservoir (sink strength), has the potential to improve plant productivity in the field under water-deficit conditions. Here, we review the effects of water deficit on the source-sink communication, as well as the respective regulatory mechanisms underpinning plant productivity. We also highlight stress-tolerant traits that can contribute to harness source and sink strengths towards producing high-yielding and drought-tolerant crops, depending on the drought scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Rodrigues
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, UNL, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, UNL, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Li X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Han J, Zhu Z. OsANN3, a calcium-dependent lipid binding annexin is a positive regulator of ABA-dependent stress tolerance in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:212-220. [PMID: 31084874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Annexin is a multigene family that plays critical roles in plant stress responses and various cellular processes. Here, we reported the cloning and functional characterization of a novel rice annexin protein, OsANN3. We found that expression of OsANN3 was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Overexpression of OsANN3 in rice significantly increased survival rates under drought stress, while knocking down OsANN3 resulted in sensitivity to drought. Meanwhile, OsANN3 overexpression showed enhanced sensitivity to exogenous ABA. Together with its Ca2+ and phospholipid binding activity, we proposed that when plants were subjected to drought stress, OsANN3 might mediate Ca2+ influx by binding to phospholipid to activate ABA signaling pathways. In addition, overexpression OsANN3 showed better growth under drought stress comparing to wild type, such as longer root length and more stomata closure for reducing water loss by regulating ABA-dependent stress response pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Jianbo Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Zhengge Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Sevanto S. Methods for Assessing the Role of Phloem Transport in Plant Stress Responses. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2014:311-336. [PMID: 31197806 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9562-2_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of carbohydrates to tissues that need them under stress is important for plant defenses and survival. Yet, little is known on how phloem function is altered under stress, and how that influences plant responses to stress. This is because phloem is a challenging tissue to study. It consists of cells of various types with soft cell walls, and the cells show strong wounding reactions to protect their integrity, making both imaging and functional studies challenging. This chapter summarizes theories on how phloem transport is affected by stress and presents methods that have been used to gain the current knowledge. These techniques range from tracer studies and imaging to carbon balance and anatomical analyses. Advances in these techniques in the recent years have considerably increased our ability to investigate phloem function, and application of the new methods on plant stress studies will help provide a more comprehensive picture of phloem function and its limitations under stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Salvi L, Brunetti C, Cataldo E, Niccolai A, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Mattii GB. Effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on Vitis vinifera: Consequences on plant physiology, grape quality and secondary metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:21-32. [PMID: 30875532 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed-based extracts have been recently employed as sustainable tools to improve abiotic stress tolerance and increase grape quality. However, the effect of these extracts on secondary metabolism compounds, that are fundamental for grape and wine quality, is still scarce. In the present study, the effects of foliar treatments with an Ascophyllum nodosum extract on physiological and biochemical parameters of Vitis vinifera (cv. Sangiovese) were investigated. We hypothesized an enhancement in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in berry skins and in leaves in response to these treatments, effective in improve grape quality and help vines to cope with abiotic stresses. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and midday stem water potential on leaves treated with A. nodosum extract and non-treated control leaves, were monitored over two growing seasons at three phenological stages: full véraison, mid maturation and full maturation. In addition, anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids were quantified both in berry skins and in leaves. The foliar treatments with A. nodosum increased photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in treated compared to control plants. Furthermore, extract-treated vines were able to maintain the potential efficiency of photosystem II close to the optimal value even during the hottest periods. No effect of A. nodosum extract treatments was observed on stem water potential. A. nodosum applications delayed berry ripening, leading to a lower sugar content and a higher anthocyanin content in treated berry skins. Interestingly, treatments also affected the content and the partitioning of secondary metabolites in berry skins, as anthocyanins and flavonols contents were higher in treated compared to control plants, while the ratio of methoxylated to non-methoxylated anthocyanins was lower in treated than in control vines. Furthermore, A. nodosum extract-treated plants also had higher content of flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids both in berry skins and in leaves and showed a reduction in the biosynthesis of methoxylated anthocyanins, which are usually accumulated in grapes under environmental constraints. Considering the challenges posed by climate change in the Mediterranean basin, the use of seaweed extracts might represent a sustainable tool to mitigate the increasing severity of drought, often associated to heat-waves, on the viticulture sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salvi
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy; Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cataldo
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Niccolai
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy; Trees and Timber Institute (IVALSA), National Research Council of Italy, Italy
| | - Giovan Battista Mattii
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences (DiSPAA), University of Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Mohammed U, Caine RS, Atkinson JA, Harrison EL, Wells D, Chater CC, Gray JE, Swarup R, Murchie EH. Rice plants overexpressing OsEPF1 show reduced stomatal density and increased root cortical aerenchyma formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5584. [PMID: 30944383 PMCID: PMC6447545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomata are adjustable pores in the aerial epidermis of plants. The role of stomata is usually described in terms of the trade-off between CO2 uptake and water loss. Little consideration has been given to their interaction with below-ground development or diffusion of other gases. We overexpressed the rice EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (OsEPF1) to produce rice plants with reduced stomatal densities, resulting in lowered leaf stomatal conductance and enhanced water use efficiency. Surprisingly, we found that root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) is formed constitutively in OsEPF1OE lines regardless of tissue age and position. Aerenchyma is tissue containing air-spaces that can develop in the plant root during stressful conditions, e.g. oxygen deficiency when it functions to increase O2 diffusion from shoot to root. The relationship with stomata is unknown. We conclude that RCA development and stomatal development are linked by two possible mechanisms: first that reduced stomatal conductance inhibits the diffusion of oxygen to the root, creating an oxygen deficit and stimulating the formation of RCA, second that an unknown EPF signalling pathway may be involved. Our observations have fundamental implications for the understanding of whole plant gas diffusion and root-to-shoot signalling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U. Mohammed
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - R. S. Caine
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - J. A. Atkinson
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - E. L. Harrison
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - D. Wells
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - C. C. Chater
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - J. E. Gray
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - R. Swarup
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - E. H. Murchie
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Zhang J, Gao F, Jia H, Hu J, Feng Z. Molecular response of poplar to single and combined ozone and drought. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1364-1375. [PMID: 30577128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High concentration in ground-level ozone (O3) and water deficit affect forest ecosystems service. Previously we found intercellular CO2 concentration and isoprene emission were affected by the combination of O3 and drought, but the molecular mechanisms controlling these phenotypes are still open questions. In this study, we investigated the stomatal conductance (gs) and transcriptome changes in an O3-sensitive hybrid poplar exposed to two O3 levels [charcoal-filtered ambient air (CF) and non-filtered ambient air plus 40 ppb (NF40)] and two water conditions [well-watered (W) and moderate drought (D)]. NF40 reduced the gs more under D than W. We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from pairwise comparisons and found the poplar's molecular response to drought was counteracted by elevated O3. From nine clusters obtained through K-means clustering, 12 core transcription factors were identified. DEGs involved in isoprene biosynthesis and phytohormones signal pathways indicate the molecular response and stomatal closure of poplar under O3 and/or drought might be through MEP/DOXP and ABA-dependent pathways. In addition, 102 Helitrons capturing DEGs were involved in response to O3 and/or drought and related with ABA-dependent pathway. This integrated analysis provides multi-dimensional insights to understand the molecular response to the combination of O3 and drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Bioscience Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huixia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Bertolino LT, Caine RS, Gray JE. Impact of Stomatal Density and Morphology on Water-Use Efficiency in a Changing World. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:225. [PMID: 30894867 PMCID: PMC6414756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and associated precipitation changes will negatively impact on many agricultural ecosystems. Major food production areas are expected to experience reduced water availability and increased frequency of drought over the coming decades. In affected areas, this is expected to reduce the production of important food crops including wheat, rice, and maize. The development of crop varieties able to sustain or improve yields with less water input is, therefore, a priority for crop research. Almost all water used for plant growth is lost to the atmosphere by transpiration through stomatal pores on the leaf epidermis. By altering stomatal pore apertures, plants are able to optimize their CO2 uptake for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss. Over longer periods, stomatal development may also be adjusted, with stomatal size and density being adapted to suit the prevailing conditions. Several approaches to improve drought tolerance and water-use efficiency through the modification of stomatal traits have been tested in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, there is surprisingly little known about the stomata of crop species. Here, we review the current understanding of how stomatal number and morphology are involved in regulating water-use efficiency. Moreover, we discuss the potential and limitations of manipulating stomatal development to increase drought tolerance and to reduce water loss in crops as the climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia T. Bertolino
- Grantham Centre for Sustainable Futures, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Caine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E. Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Degu A, Hochberg U, Wong DCJ, Alberti G, Lazarovitch N, Peterlunger E, Castellarin SD, Herrera JC, Fait A. Swift metabolite changes and leaf shedding are milestones in the acclimation process of grapevine under prolonged water stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:69. [PMID: 30744556 PMCID: PMC6371445 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape leaves provide the biochemical substrates for berry development. Thus, understanding the regulation of grapevine leaf metabolism can aid in discerning processes fundamental to fruit development and berry quality. Here, the temporal alterations in leaf metabolism in Merlot grapevine grown under sufficient irrigation and water deficit were monitored from veraison until harvest. RESULTS The vines mediated water stress gradually and involving multiple strategies: osmotic adjustment, transcript-metabolite alteration and leaf shedding. Initially stomatal conductance and leaf water potential showed a steep decrease together with the induction of stress related metabolism, e.g. up-regulation of proline and GABA metabolism and stress related sugars, and the down-regulation of developmental processes. Later, progressive soil drying was associated with an incremental contribution of Ca2+ and sucrose to the osmotic adjustment concomitant with the initiation of leaf shedding. Last, towards harvest under progressive stress conditions following leaf shedding, incremental changes in leaf water potential were measured, while the magnitude of perturbation in leaf metabolism lessened. CONCLUSIONS The data present evidence that over time grapevine acclimation to water stress diversifies in temporal responses encompassing the alteration of central metabolism and gene expression, osmotic adjustments and reduction in leaf area. Together these processes mitigate leaf water stress and aid in maintaining the berry-ripening program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asfaw Degu
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Uri Hochberg
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Intitute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization Rishon LeZion, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Darren C. J. Wong
- Wine Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giorgio Alberti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Naftali Lazarovitch
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Jose C. Herrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Aaron Fait
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Takahashi F, Shinozaki K. Long-distance signaling in plant stress response. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:106-111. [PMID: 30445314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants respond to various environmental stresses by integrating and transmitting environmental information perceived by roots and leaves, respectively. Long-distance signaling plays a crucial role in plant adaptation to and subsequent survival to severe environmental conditions. Recent studies have elucidated that various mobile molecules, such as small proteins, peptides, RNAs, metabolites, and second messengers, transmit extracellular stimuli from sensing tissues to target organs. Plants have unique and complex mechanisms for accurately connecting various organs despite the lack of a nervous system. In this short review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant molecules involved in long-distance signaling for optimal growth and stress response, with special focus on mobile peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|