51
|
Czarny P, Wigner P, Strycharz J, Swiderska E, Synowiec E, Szatkowska M, Sliwinska A, Talarowska M, Szemraj J, Su KP, Maes M, Sliwinski T, Galecki P. Mitochondrial DNA copy number, damage, repair and degradation in depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:91-101. [PMID: 31081430 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1588993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to explore mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, damage, repair and degradation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with depression and to compare the results with healthy subjects.Methods: Total genomic DNA was isolated from PBMCs of 25 depressed and 60 healthy subjects before, immediately after, and 3 h after the exposure to H2O2. Evaluation of mtDNA copy number was performed using real-time PCR and 2-ΔCt methods. Semi-long run real-time PCR was used to estimate the number of mtDNA lesions.Results: Baseline mtDNA copy number did not differ in cells of healthy and depressed subjects; however, it was negatively correlated with the severity of the episode. After a 10-min challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), depressed patients' PBMCs exhibited slower changes of the copy number, indicating a lower efficiency of mtDNA degradation compared to controls. Moreover, a significantly higher number of mtDNA lesions was found in depressed patients at the baseline as well as at other experimental time points. mtDNA lesions were also elevated in depressed patient cells immediately after H2O2 exposure. Induction of oxidative stress had no significant influence on the cells of controls.Conclusions: We are the first to show that impairment in repair and degradation of mtDNA may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szatkowska
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sliwinska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Michael Maes
- School of Medicine, Barwon Health, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Health Sciences Graduate Program Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abstract
Suicide is a relevant worldwide public health problem. Many studies have shown that different demographic and clinical factors are potentially associated with suicidal behavior. Other studies have reported data about the role of biomarkers in the onset of suicidal behaviors. Specifically, researchers have found that suicidal risk may be increased by abnormalities in serotonergic system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, lipid metabolism, immune system and neuronal plasticity. The identification of specific biological parameters associated with self-harm may be helpful to implement prevention strategies and also to detect new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and analyze the results of main studies about neurobiological mechanisms related to suicidal behavior, also exploring the possible interconnection between the different biological systems.
Collapse
|
53
|
Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological theory of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:279-300. [PMID: 31588832 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1677648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by dysfunction of the immune system that affects the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by demyelination, chronic inflammation, neuronal and oligodendrocyte loss and reactive astrogliosis. It can result in physical disability and acute neurological and cognitive problems. Despite the gains in knowledge of immunology, cell biology, and genetics in the last five decades, the ultimate etiology or specific elements that trigger MS remain unknown. The objective of this review is to propose a theoretical basis for MS etiopathogenesis.Methods: Search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(multiple sclerosis* OR EAE) AND (pathophysiology* OR etiopathogenesis)". The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1960, and June 30, 2019. The search was filtered down to 362 articles which were included in this review.Results: A framework to better understand the etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology of MS can be derived from four essential factors; mitochondria dysfunction (MtD) & oxidative stress (OS), vitamin D (VD), sex hormones and thyroid hormones. These factors play a direct role in MS etiopathogenesis and have a modulatory effect on many other factors involved in the disease.Conclusions: For better MS prevention and treatment outcomes, efforts should be geared towards treating thyroid problems, sex hormone alterations, VD deficiency, sleep problems and melatonin alterations. MS patients should be encouraged to engage in activities that boost total antioxidant capacity (TAC) including diet and regular exercise and discouraged from activities that promote OS including smoking and alcohol consumption.
Collapse
|
54
|
Czarny P, Bialek K, Ziolkowska S, Strycharz J, Sliwinski T. DNA damage and repair in neuropsychiatric disorders. What do we know and what are the future perspectives? Mutagenesis 2019; 35:79-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tobore TO. On elucidation of the role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ncn3.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
56
|
Ridout KK, Parade SH, Kao HT, Magnan S, Seifer R, Porton B, Price LH, Tyrka AR. Childhood maltreatment, behavioral adjustment, and molecular markers of cellular aging in preschool-aged children: A cohort study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:261-269. [PMID: 31174164 PMCID: PMC7839663 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for the development of behavioral problems and poor physical and mental health. Accelerated cellular aging, through reduced telomere length and mitochondrial dysfunction, may be a mechanism underlying these associations. METHODS Families with (n = 133) and without (n = 123) child welfare documentation of moderate-severe maltreatment in the past six months participated in this study. Children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years, were racially and ethnically diverse, and 91% qualified for public assistance. Structured record review and interviews were used to assess a history of maltreatment and other adversities. Telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) were measured from saliva DNA using real-time PCR. Measures were repeated at a six-month follow-up assessment. Repeated measures general linear models were used to examine the effects of maltreatment and other adversities on telomere length and mtDNAcn over time. RESULTS Maltreatment and other adverse experiences were significant positive predictors of both telomere length and mtDNAcn over time. Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were also both significantly associated with telomere length, but only internalizing symptoms were associated with mtDNAcn. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that mtDNAcn is altered in children with stress and trauma, and the findings are consistent with recent studies of adults. Surprisingly, children who experienced moderate-severe levels of maltreatment in the prior six months had longer telomeres, possibly reflecting compensatory changes in response to recent trauma. Telomere length and mtDNAcn were also associated with behavioral problems, suggesting that these measures of cellular aging may be causally implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn K. Ridout
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephanie H. Parade
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hung-Teh Kao
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stevie Magnan
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara Porton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Price
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Audrey R. Tyrka
- Mood Disorders Research Program and Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Address Correspondence to: Audrey R. Tyrka, M.D., Ph.D., Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906. TEL: (401) 455-6520. FAX: (401) 455-6534.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Trumpff C, Marsland AL, Sloan RP, Kaufman BA, Picard M. Predictors of ccf-mtDNA reactivity to acute psychological stress identified using machine learning classifiers: A proof-of-concept. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:82-92. [PMID: 31112904 PMCID: PMC6637411 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously found that acute psychological stress may affect mitochondria and trigger an increase in serum mitochondrial DNA, known as circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA). Similar to other stress reactivity measures, there are substantial unexplained inter-individual differences in the magnitude of ccf-mtDNA reactivity, as well as within-person differences across different occasions of testing. Here, we sought to identify psychological and physiological predictors of ccf-mtDNA reactivity using machine learning-based multivariate classifiers. METHOD We used data from serum ccf-mtDNA concentration measured pre- and post-stress in 46 healthy midlife adults tested on two separate occasions. To identify variables predicting the magnitude of ccf-mtDNA reactivity, two multivariate classification models, partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF), were trained to discriminate between high and low ccf-mtDNA responders. Potential predictors used in the models included state variables such as physiological measures and affective states, and trait variables such as sex and personality measures. Variables identified across both models were considered to be predictors of ccf-mtDNA reactivity and selected for downstream analyses. RESULTS Identified predictors were significantly enriched for state over trait measures (X2 = 7.03; p = 0.008) and for physiological over psychological measures (X2 = 4.36; p = 0.04). High responders were more likely to be male (X2 = 26.95; p < 0.001) and differed from low-responders on baseline cardiovascular and autonomic measures, and on stress-induced reduction in fatigue (Cohen's d = 0.38-0.73). These group-level findings also accurately accounted for within-person differences in 90% of cases. CONCLUSION These results suggest that acute cardiovascular and psychological indices, rather than stable individual traits, predict stress-induced ccf-mtDNA reactivity. This work provides a proof-of-concept that machine learning approaches can be used to explore determinants of inter-individual and within-person differences in stress psychophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Richard P Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Han LKM, Verhoeven JE, Tyrka AR, Penninx BWJH, Wolkowitz OM, Månsson KNT, Lindqvist D, Boks MP, Révész D, Mellon SH, Picard M. Accelerating research on biological aging and mental health: Current challenges and future directions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:293-311. [PMID: 31154264 PMCID: PMC6589133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with complex biological changes that can be accelerated, slowed, or even temporarily reversed by biological and non-biological factors. This article focuses on the link between biological aging, psychological stressors, and mental illness. Rather than comprehensively reviewing this rapidly expanding field, we highlight challenges in this area of research and propose potential strategies to accelerate progress in this field. This effort requires the interaction of scientists across disciplines - including biology, psychiatry, psychology, and epidemiology; and across levels of analysis that emphasize different outcome measures - functional capacity, physiological, cellular, and molecular. Dialogues across disciplines and levels of analysis naturally lead to new opportunities for discovery but also to stimulating challenges. Some important challenges consist of 1) establishing the best objective and predictive biological age indicators or combinations of indicators, 2) identifying the basis for inter-individual differences in the rate of biological aging, and 3) examining to what extent interventions can delay, halt or temporarily reverse aging trajectories. Discovering how psychological states influence biological aging, and vice versa, has the potential to create novel and exciting opportunities for healthcare and possibly yield insights into the fundamental mechanisms that drive human aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura K M Han
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine E Verhoeven
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, the Netherlands
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Butler Hospital and the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Oldenaller 1, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristoffer N T Månsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dóra Révész
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Mitochondrial psychobiology is the study of the interactions between psychological states and the biological processes that take place within mitochondria. It also examines how mitochondrial behavior influence neural, endocrine, and immune systems known to transduce psychological experiences into health outcomes. Unlike traditional biological outcomes and mediators, mitochondria are dynamic and multifunctional living organisms. By leveraging a variety of laboratory tools including omics, scientists can now map mitochondrial behavior at multiple levels of complexity - from isolated molecular markers to dynamic functional and signaling outcomes. Here we discuss current efforts to develop relevant measures of mitochondrial behavior in accessible human tissues, increase their biological specificity by applying precise measurements in defined cell populations, create composite indices reflecting mitochondrial health, and integrate these approaches with psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune outcomes. This systematic inter-disciplinary effort will help move the field of mitochondrial psychobiology towards a predictive science explaining how, and to what extent, mitochondria contribute to the biological embedding of stress and other psychological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yan Burelle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Morris G, Berk M, Maes M, Carvalho AF, Puri BK. Socioeconomic Deprivation, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Medical Disorders in Adulthood: Mechanisms and Associations. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5866-5890. [PMID: 30685844 PMCID: PMC6614134 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are significantly associated with the development in adulthood of (i) enhanced inflammatory status and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and (ii) neurological, neuroprogressive, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms by which these associations take place are detailed. The two sets of consequences are themselves strongly associated, with the first set likely contributing to the second. Mechanisms enabling bidirectional communication between the immune system and the brain are described, including complex signalling pathways facilitated by factors at the level of immune cells. Also detailed are mechanisms underpinning the association between SED, ACE and the genesis of peripheral inflammation, including epigenetic changes to immune system-related gene expression. The duration and magnitude of inflammatory responses can be influenced by genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, and by epigenetic factors, whereby pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and nuclear factor-κB affect gene DNA methylation and histone acetylation and also induce several microRNAs including miR-155, miR-181b-1 and miR-146a. Adult HPA axis activity is regulated by (i) genetic factors, such as glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms; (ii) epigenetic factors affecting glucocorticoid receptor function or expression, including the methylation status of alternative promoter regions of NR3C1 and the methylation of FKBP5 and HSD11β2; (iii) chronic inflammation and chronic nitrosative and oxidative stress. Finally, it is shown how severe psychological stress adversely affects mitochondrial structure and functioning and is associated with changes in brain mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcription; mitochondria can act as couriers of childhood stress into adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Trumpff C, Marsland AL, Basualto-Alarcón C, Martin JL, Carroll JE, Sturm G, Vincent AE, Mosharov EV, Gu Z, Kaufman BA, Picard M. Acute psychological stress increases serum circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:268-276. [PMID: 31029929 PMCID: PMC6589121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic biological mechanisms transduce psychological stress into physiological adaptation that requires energy, but the role of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in this process has not been defined in humans. Here, we show that similar to physical injury, exposure to psychological stress increases serum circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels. Healthy midlife adults exposed on two separate occasions to a brief psychological challenge exhibited a 2-3-fold increase in ccf-mtDNA, with no change in ccf-nuclear DNA levels, establishing the magnitude and specificity for ccf-mtDNA reactivity. In cell-based studies, we show that glucocorticoid signaling - a consequence of psychological stress in humans - is sufficient to induce mtDNA extrusion in a time frame consistent with stress-induced ccf-mtDNA increase. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that acute psychological stress induces ccf-mtDNA and implicate neuroendocrine signaling as a potential trigger for ccf-mtDNA release. Further controlled work is needed to confirm that observed increases in ccf-mtDNA result from stress exposure and to determine the functional significance of this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Anna L Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile; Anatomy and Legal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - James L Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Tobore TO. Towards a comprehensive understanding of the contributions of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1455-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
63
|
Distinct Profiles of Cell-Free MicroRNAs in Plasma of Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070963. [PMID: 31277223 PMCID: PMC6678393 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in body fluids has been reported in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent studies of various diseases showed that extracellular vesicles (EV) in body fluids can provide different spectra of circulating miRNAs and disease-associated signatures from whole fluid or EV-depleted fraction. However, the association of miRNAs in EVs to PTSD has not been studied. In this study, we performed a comprehensive profiling of miRNAs in whole plasma, extracellular vesicles (EV) and EV-depleted plasma (EVD) samples collected from combat veterans with PTSD and matched controls by utilizing a next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. In total, 520 circulating miRNAs were quantified from 24 male Iraq and Afghanistan combat veterans with (n = 12) and without (n = 12) PTSD. The overall miRNA profiles in whole plasma, EV and EVD fractions were different and miRNAs affected by PTSD were also distinct in each sample type. The concentration changes of miR-203a-3p in EV and miR-339-5p in EVD were confirmed in an independent validation cohort that consisted of 20 veterans (10 with and 10 without PTSD) using qPCR. The target genes of these two miRNAs were involved in signaling pathways and comorbid conditions associated with PTSD (e.g., neurotransmitter systems such as dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling, inflammatory response, and cardiovascular diseases). Our findings suggest that PTSD may have different impacts on miRNAs encapsulated in vesicles and outside of vesicles. Further studies using larger samples are needed to evaluate the utility of these miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for PTSD.
Collapse
|
64
|
Tobore TO. On the central role of mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1527-1540. [PMID: 30982132 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest cause of dementia, with approximately 5 million new cases occurring annually. Despite decades of research, its complex pathophysiology and etiopathogenesis presents a major hindrance to the development of an effective treatment and prevention strategy. Aging is the biggest risk factor for the development of AD, and the total number of older people in the population is going to significantly increase in the next decades, suggesting that AD incidence and prevalence is likely to increase in the future. This makes the need for a better understanding of the disease to be extremely urgent. METHODS A search was done by accessing PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, and PsycINFO databases. The search string used was "(dementia* OR Alzheimer's) AND (pathophysiology* OR pathogenesis)". New key terms were identified (new term included "vitamin D, thyroid hormone, mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, testosterone, estrogen, melatonin, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, amyloid-β (Aβ), and hyperphosphorylated tau"). The electronic databases were searched for titles or abstracts containing these terms in all published articles between January 1, 1965, and January 31, 2019. The search was limited to studies published in English and other languages involving both animal and human subjects. RESULTS Mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress play a critical role in AD etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology. CONCLUSION AD treatment and prevention strategies must be geared towards improving mitochondrial function and attenuating oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
65
|
Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Saraví FD, Manucha W. Hypertension linked to allostatic load: from psychosocial stress to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stress 2019; 22:169-181. [PMID: 30547701 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1542683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a large number of available treatments and strategies, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to grow worldwide. Emerging evidence supports the notion of counteracting stress as a critical component of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease. Indeed, an unhealthy lifestyle is a burden to biological variables such as plasma glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure control. Recent findings identify allostatic load as a new paradigm for an integrated understanding of the importance of psychosocial stress and its impact on the development and maintenance of cardiovascular disease. Allostasis complement homeostasis and integrates behavioral and physiological mechanisms by which genes, early experiences, environment, lifestyle, diet, sleep, and physical exercise can modulate and adapt biological responses at the cellular level. For example, variability is a physiological characteristic of blood pressure necessary for survival and the allostatic load in hypertension can contribute to its related cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the current review will focus on the mechanisms that link hypertension to allostatic load, which includes psychosocial stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We will describe and discuss new insights on neuroendocrine-immune effects linked to allostatic load and its impact on the cellular and molecular responses; the links between allostatic load, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction; the epidemiological evidence supporting the pathophysiological origins of hypertension; and the biological embedding of allostatic load and hypertension with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- a Área de Química Biológica, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- b Department of Pediatrics , Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , FL , USA
| | - Fernando Daniel Saraví
- c Instituto de Fisiología, Departamento de Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Walter Manucha
- d Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo , Mendoza , Argentina
- e Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) , Mendoza , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Becker C, Schmidt S, Neuberger EWI, Kirsch P, Simon P, Dettweiler U. Children's Cortisol and Cell-Free DNA Trajectories in Relation to Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in School: A Pilot Study. Front Public Health 2019; 7:26. [PMID: 30873396 PMCID: PMC6400867 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents increased constantly. Additionally, the recommended amount of physical activity (PA) is not achieved by this age group. These circumstances are associated with negative impacts on their health status in later life and can lead to public health issues. The exposure to natural green environments (NGE) seems to be beneficial for human health. The compulsory school system offers great opportunities to reach every child with suitable health-related contents and interventions at an early stage. The concept of Education Outside the Classroom (EOtC) uses NGE and sets focus on PA. Therefore, EOtC might be a beneficial educational intervention to promote students health. The association between biological stress markers and sedentary behavior (SB) plus PA is insufficiently evaluated in school settings. This exploratory study aims to evaluate the association between students' cortisol, plus circulating cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) levels, and their SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). We assessed data from an EOtC program (intervention group [IG], n = 37; control group [CG], n = 11) in three seasons (fall/spring/summer) in outdoor lessons (IG) in a NGE and normal indoor lessons (CG). SB and PA were evaluated by accelerometry, and cortisol and cfDNA levels by saliva samples. Fitted Bayesian hierarchical linear models evaluated the association between cortisol and cfDNA, and compositional SB/LPA/MVPA. A steady decline of cortisol in the IG is associated with relatively high levels of LPA (posterior mean = −0.728; credible interval [CRI 95%]: −1.268; −0.190). SB and MVPA tended to exhibit a similar effect in the CG. A high amount of cfDNA is positively associated with a relatively high amount of SB in the IG (posterior mean, 1.285; CRI: 0.390; 2.191), the same association is likely for LPA and MVPA in both groups. To conclude, LPA seems to support a healthy cortisol decrease in children during outdoor lessons in NGEs. Associations between cfDNA and SB/PA need to be evaluated in further research. This study facilitates the formulation of straightforward and directed hypotheses for further research with a focus on the potential health promotion of EOtC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Becker
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Faculty of Social Science, Media and Sport, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmo W I Neuberger
- Faculty of Social Science, Media and Sport, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Faculty of Social Science, Media and Sport, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dettweiler
- Department of Cultural Studies and Languages, Faculty of Arts and Education, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death worldwide for adolescents. Despite decades of research on correlates and risk factors for adolescent suicide, we know little about why suicidal ideation and behavior frequently emerge in adolescence and how to predict, and ultimately prevent, suicidal behavior among youths. In this review, we first discuss knowledge regarding correlates, risk factors, and theories of suicide. We then review why adolescence is a period of unique vulnerability, given changing biology and social network reorganization. Next, we present a conceptual model through which to interpret emerging findings in adolescent suicide research. We suggest that a promising area for future research is to examine adolescent suicide as a failure of biological responses to acute stress in the proximal moments of a suicidal crisis. After reviewing initial evidence for this conceptualization, we review future directions for studies on adolescent suicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; ,
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Miliotis S, Nicolalde B, Ortega M, Yepez J, Caicedo A. Forms of extracellular mitochondria and their impact in health. Mitochondrion 2019; 48:16-30. [PMID: 30771504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an important role as an intracellular energy plant and signaling organelle. However, mitochondria also exist outside cells where they could mediate cell-to-cell communication, repair and serve as an activator of the immune response. Their effects depend on the mitochondrial state or the form in which it is present, either as a whole functional structure as fragments or only as mitochondrial DNA. Herein, we provide evidence of why extracellular mitochondria and their varying forms are considered regenerative factors or pro-inflammatory activators. Understanding these aspects will provide the base of their use in therapy or as a biomarker of disease severity and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Miliotis
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, The Latitude Zero Ecuador Research Initiative, L0ERI, 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Bryan Nicolalde
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud - Hospital de los Valles, Escuela de Medicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Mayra Ortega
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Escuela de Biotecnología, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Jackie Yepez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, The Latitude Zero Ecuador Research Initiative, L0ERI, 17-12-841, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud - Hospital de los Valles, Escuela de Medicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos - Universidad San Francisco de Quito, SIME-USFQ, Quito 17-12-841, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ambrosi E, Arciniegas DB, Curtis KN, Patriquin M, Spalletta G, Sani G, Frueh BC, Fowler JC, Madan A, Salas R. Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Habenula in Mood Disorder Patients With and Without Suicide-Related Behaviors. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 31:49-56. [PMID: 30282513 PMCID: PMC6697145 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17120351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The habenula is a small midbrain structure that is important for brain signaling and learning from negative events. Thus, the habenula is strongly connected to both the reward system and motor regions. Increasing evidence suggests a role for the habenula in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, including mood and substance use disorders. However, no studies to date have investigated habenular resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in suicide-related behaviors (SB). The authors enrolled 123 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder and a history of suicide-related behaviors (SB+), 74 individuals with MDD or bipolar disorder and a history of suicidal ideation but no history of SB (SB-), and 75 healthy control subjects (HC). A seed-based approach was used to identify regions showing different rsFC with the habenula followed by region of interest to region of interest post hoc comparisons. Compared with both the SB- and HC groups, the SB+ group showed higher connectivity between the left habenula and the left parahippocampal gyrus, the right amygdala, and the right precentral and postcentral gyri. Patients with mood disorders displayed higher rsFC between the left habenula and left middle temporal gyrus, the left angular gyrus, and the left posterior cingulate cortex, as well as lower rsFC between the right habenula and the left thalamus, when compared with HCs. These findings suggest that the habenula is involved in the neural circuitry of suicide. The higher habenular rsFC found in the SB+ group may mediate a dysfunction in the mechanism that links the habenula with motor activity and contextual associative processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ambrosi
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - David B Arciniegas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kaylah N Curtis
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Michelle Patriquin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs Department (NESMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’ Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy,Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - J Christopher Fowler
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alok Madan
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Khanna S, Padhan P, Das S, Jaiswal KS, Tripathy A, Smita S, Tripathy SK, Raghav SK, Gupta B. A Simple Colorimetric Method for Naked-Eye Detection of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Using Unlabelled Gold Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khanna
- Disease Biology Laboratory; School of Biotechnology; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT); Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; 751024 India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Department of Rheumatology; Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; India
| | - Sourav Das
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Lab; School of Chemical Technology; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT); Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; 751024 India
| | - Kumar Sagar Jaiswal
- Disease Biology Laboratory; School of Biotechnology; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT); Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; 751024 India
| | - Archana Tripathy
- Disease Biology Laboratory; School of Biotechnology; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT); Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; 751024 India
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology; Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; India
| | - Suraj K. Tripathy
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Lab; School of Chemical Technology; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT); Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; 751024 India
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology; Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory; School of Biotechnology; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT); Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; 751024 India
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Cell-free DNA release under psychosocial and physical stress conditions. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:236. [PMID: 30374018 PMCID: PMC6206142 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of mechanisms linking psychological stress to disease risk depend on reliable stress biomarkers. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as a potential biomarker of cellular stress, aging, inflammatory processes, and cell death. Recent studies indicated that psychosocial stress and physical exercise might also influence its release. We compared the effects of acute psychosocial and physical exercise stress on cfDNA release by exposing 20 young, healthy men to both an acute psychosocial laboratory stressor and an acute physical exercise stressor. Venous blood and saliva samples were collected before and after stress exposure. Cell-free DNA was extracted from plasma and quantified by qPCR. Furthermore, cfDNA fragment length was analyzed and cfDNA methylation patterns were assayed across time. In addition, release of stress hormones and subjective stress responses were measured. Results showed a twofold increase of cfDNA after TSST and fivefold increase after exhaustive treadmill exercise, with an overabundance of shorter cfDNA fragments after physical exhaustion. Interestingly, cell-free mitochondrial DNA showed similar increase after both stress paradigms. Furthermore, cfDNA methylation signatures-used here as a marker for diverse cellular origin-were significantly different post stress tests. While DNA methylation decreased immediately after psychosocial stress, it increased after physical stress, suggesting different cellular sources of active DNA release. In summary, our results suggest stimulus and cell-specific regulation of cfDNA release. Whereas the functional role of stress-associated cfDNA release remains elusive, it might serve as a valuable biomarker in molecular stress research as a part of the psychophysiological stress response.
Collapse
|
72
|
Picard M, Prather AA, Puterman E, Cuillerier A, Coccia M, Aschbacher K, Burelle Y, Epel ES. A Mitochondrial Health Index Sensitive to Mood and Caregiving Stress. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:9-17. [PMID: 29525040 PMCID: PMC6014908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic life stress, such as the stress of caregiving, can promote pathophysiology, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Chronic stress may induce recalibrations in mitochondria leading to changes either in mitochondrial content per cell, or in mitochondrial functional capacity (i.e., quality). METHODS Here we present a functional index of mitochondrial health (MHI) for human leukocytes that can distinguish between these two possibilities. The MHI integrates nuclear and mitochondrial DNA-encoded respiratory chain enzymatic activities and mitochondrial DNA copy number. We then use the MHI to test the hypothesis that daily emotional states and caregiving stress influence mitochondrial function by comparing healthy mothers of a child with an autism spectrum disorder (high-stress caregivers, n = 46) with mothers of a neurotypical child (control group, n = 45). RESULTS The MHI outperformed individual mitochondrial function measures. Elevated positive mood at night was associated with higher MHI, and nightly positive mood was also a mediator of the association between caregiving and MHI. Moreover, MHI was correlated to positive mood on the days preceding, but not following the blood draw, suggesting for the first time in humans that mitochondria may respond to proximate emotional states within days. Correspondingly, the caregiver group, which had higher perceived stress and lower positive and greater negative daily affect, exhibited lower MHI. This effect was not explained by a mismatch between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. CONCLUSIONS Daily mood and chronic caregiving stress are associated with mitochondrial functional capacity. Mitochondrial health may represent a nexus between psychological stress and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York.
| | - Aric A Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexanne Cuillerier
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Coccia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kirstin Aschbacher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yan Burelle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Lindqvist D, Wolkowitz OM, Picard M, Ohlsson L, Bersani FS, Fernström J, Westrin Å, Hough CM, Lin J, Reus VI, Epel ES, Mellon SH. Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA, but not leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number, is elevated in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1557-1564. [PMID: 29453441 PMCID: PMC5983469 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-017-0001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to mitochondrial defects, which could manifest in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms or mutations. Additionally, copy number of mtDNA (mtDNA-cn) can be quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)s, indirectly reflecting cellular energetics, or in the circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels, which may reflect a fraction of the mitochondrial genome released during cellular stress. Few studies have examined ccf-mtDNA in MDD, and no studies have tested its relationship with intracellular mtDNA-cn or with antidepressant treatment response. Here, mtDNA levels were quantified in parallel from: (i) PBMCs and (ii) cell-free plasma of 50 unmedicated MDD subjects and 55 controls, in parallel with PBMC telomere length (TL) and antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GpX) activity. MtDNA measures were repeated in 19 MDD subjects after 8 weeks of open-label SSRI treatment. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and smoking, MDD subjects had significantly elevated levels of ccf-mtDNA (F = 20.6, p = 0.00002). PBMC mtDNA-cn did not differ between groups (p > 0.4). In preliminary analyses, we found that changes in ccf-mtDNA with SSRI treatment differed between SSRI responders and non-responders (F = 6.47, p = 0.02), with the non-responders showing an increase in ccf-mtDNA and responders not changing. Baseline ccf-mtDNA was positively correlated with GpX (r = 0.32, p = 0.001), and PBMC mtDNA correlated positively with PBMC TL (r = 0.38, p = 0.0001). These data suggest that plasma ccf-mtDNA and PBMC mtDNA-cn reflect different cellular processes and that the former may be more reflective of certain aspects of MDD pathophysiology and of the response to SSRI antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindqvist
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Martin Picard
- 0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Department of Neurology and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,0000 0001 2285 2675grid.239585.0Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Lars Ohlsson
- 0000 0000 9961 9487grid.32995.34Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Francesco S. Bersani
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Johan Fernström
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Westrin
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,Psychiatric Clinic, Lund, Division of Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christina M. Hough
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA ,0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3ePresent Address: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Jue Lin
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Victor I. Reus
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Synthia H. Mellon
- 0000 0001 2297 6811grid.266102.1Department of OB/GYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Tymofiyeva O, Blom EH, Ho TC, Connolly CG, Lindqvist D, Wolkowitz OM, Lin J, LeWinn KZ, Sacchet MD, Han LKM, Yuan JP, Bhandari SP, Xu D, Yang TT. High levels of mitochondrial DNA are associated with adolescent brain structural hypoconnectivity and increased anxiety but not depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:283-290. [PMID: 29500956 PMCID: PMC5864120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent anxiety and depression are highly prevalent psychiatric disorders that are associated with altered molecular and neurocircuit profiles. Recently, increased mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-cn) has been found to be associated with several psychopathologies in adults, especially anxiety and depression. The associations between mtDNA-cn and anxiety and depression have not, however, been investigated in adolescents. Moreover, to date there have been no studies examining associations between mtDNA-cn and brain network alterations in mood disorders in any age group. METHODS The first aim of this study was to compare salivary mtDNA-cn between 49 depressed and/or anxious adolescents and 35 well-matched healthy controls. The second aim of this study was to identify neural correlates of mtDNA-cn derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography, in the full sample of adolescents. RESULTS There were no diagnosis-specific alterations in mtDNA-cn. However, there was a positive correlation between mtDNA-cn and levels of anxiety, but not depression, in the full sample of adolescents. A subnetwork of connections largely corresponding to the left fronto-occipital fasciculus had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in adolescents with higher than median mtDNA-cn. LIMITATIONS Undifferentiated analysis of free and intracellular mtDNA and use of DTI-based tractography represent this study's limitations. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study help elucidate the relationships between clinical symptoms, molecular changes, and neurocircuitry alterations in adolescents with and without anxiety and depression, and they suggest that increased mtDNA-cn is associated both with increased anxiety symptoms and with decreased fronto-occipital structural connectivity in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States.
| | - Eva Henje Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States,Department of Clinical Sciences/ Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tiffany C. Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States,Department of Psychology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Colm G. Connolly
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States,Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Psychiatry, Sweden
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, United States
| | - Laura K. M. Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin P. Yuan
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Sarina P. Bhandari
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Tony T. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Chae JW, Chua PS, Ng T, Yeo AHL, Shwe M, Gan YX, Dorajoo S, Foo KM, Loh KWJ, Koo SL, Chay WY, Tan TJY, Beh SY, Lim EH, Lee GE, Dent R, Yap YS, Ng R, Ho HK, Chan A. Association of mitochondrial DNA content in peripheral blood with cancer-related fatigue and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment in early-stage breast cancer patients: a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 168:713-721. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
76
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria are multifunctional life-sustaining organelles that represent a potential intersection point between psychosocial experiences and biological stress responses. This article provides a systematic review of the effects of psychological stress on mitochondrial structure and function. METHODS A systematic review of the literature investigating the effects of psychological stress on mitochondrial function was conducted. The review focused on experimentally controlled studies allowing us to draw causal inference about the effect of induced psychological stress on mitochondria. RESULTS A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies involved male laboratory animals, and most demonstrated that acute and chronic stressors influenced specific facets of mitochondrial function, particularly within the brain. Nineteen studies showed significant adverse effects of psychological stress on mitochondria and four found increases in function or size after stress. In humans, only six observational studies were available, none with experimental designs, and most only measured biological markers that do not directly reflect mitochondrial function, such as mitochondrial DNA copy number. CONCLUSONS Overall, evidence supports the notion that acute and chronic stressors influence various aspects of mitochondrial biology, and that chronic stress exposure can lead to molecular and functional recalibrations among mitochondria. Limitations of current animal and human studies are discussed. Maladaptive mitochondrial changes that characterize this subcellular state of stress are termed mitochondrial allostatic load. Prospective studies with sensitive measures of specific mitochondrial outcomes will be needed to establish the link between psychosocial stressors, emotional states, the resulting neuroendocrine and immune processes, and mitochondrial energetics relevant to mind-body research in humans.
Collapse
|
77
|
Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Vaona A, Demurtas J, Carvalho AF, Koyanagi A, Thompson T, Zoratti M, Maggi S. Mitochondrial genetic haplogroups and depressive symptoms: A large study among people in North America. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:55-59. [PMID: 28391108 PMCID: PMC5482362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A possible relationship between mitochondrial haplogroups and psychiatric diseases (e.g. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder) has been postulated, but data regarding depression is still limited. We investigated whether any mitochondrial haplogroup carried a significant higher risk of depressive symptoms in a large prospective cohort of North American people included in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. METHODS Cross sectional data was derived from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. The haplogroup was assigned through a combination of sequencing and PCR-RFLP techniques. All the mitochondrial haplogroups were named following this nomenclature: H, U, K, J, T, V, SuperHV, I, W, X or Others. Depression was ascertained through the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D), with ≥16 indicating depressive symptoms. RESULTS Overall, 3601 Caucasian participants (55.9% women), mean age of 61.7±9.3 years were included. No difference was observed in mitochondrial haplogroups frequency among those with depressive symptoms (n=285, =7.9% of the baseline population) compared to participants with no depressive symptoms (N=3316) (chi-square test=0.53). Using a logistic regression analysis, adjusted for eight potential confounders, with those having the haplogroup H as the reference group (the most common haplogroup), no significant mitochondrial haplogroup was associated with prevalent depressive symptoms. The same results were evident in secondary analysis in which we matched depressed and non-depressed participants for age and sex. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design; only CES-D for evaluating mood; participants not totally representative of general population. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of any relationship between specific mitochondrial haplogroups and depressive symptoms. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm/ refute these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy; Institute for clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8 AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institute for clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Vaona
- Primary Care Department, Azienda ULSS20 Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Thompson
- Faculty of Education and Health, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Zoratti
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Kaufmann FN, Costa AP, Ghisleni G, Diaz AP, Rodrigues ALS, Peluffo H, Kaster MP. NLRP3 inflammasome-driven pathways in depression: Clinical and preclinical findings. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 64:367-383. [PMID: 28263786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, an intricate interaction between immune activation, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in brain circuits related to mood and behavior has been described. Despite extensive efforts, questions regarding when inflammation becomes detrimental or how we can target the immune system to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of psychiatric disorders remain unresolved. In this context, novel aspects of the neuroinflammatory process activated in response to stressful challenges have recently been documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). The Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) is an intracellular multiprotein complex responsible for a number of innate immune processes associated with infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. Recent data have demonstrated that NLRP3 activation appears to bridge the gap between immune activation and metabolic danger signals or stress exposure, which are key factors in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss both preclinical and clinical evidence that links the assembly of the NLRP3 complex and the subsequent proteolysis and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in chronic stress models and patients with MDD. Importantly, we also focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex to improve stress resilience and depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda N Kaufmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Costa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Diaz
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Hugo Peluffo
- Neuroinflammation and Gene Therapy Lab., Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay; Dept. Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, UDELAR, Uruguay
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Association of mitochondrial DNA in peripheral blood with depression, anxiety and stress- and adjustment disorders in primary health care patients. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28647451 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may result in a variety of diseases. The objectives here were to examine possible differences in mtDNA copy number between healthy controls and patients with depression, anxiety or stress- and adjustment disorders; the association between mtDNA copy number and disease severity at baseline; and the association between mtDNA copy number and response after an 8-week treatment (mindfulness, cognitive based therapy). A total of 179 patients in primary health care (age 20-64 years) with depression, anxiety and stress- and adjustment disorders, and 320 healthy controls (aged 19-70 years) were included in the study. Relative mtDNA copy number was measured using quantitative real-time PCR on peripheral blood samples. We found that the mean mtDNA copy number was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (84.9 vs 75.9, p<0.0001) at baseline. The difference in mtDNA copy number between patients and controls remained significant after controlling for age and sex (ß=8.13, p<0.0001; linear regression analysis). The mtDNA copy number was significantly associated with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores (β=0.57, p=0.02) at baseline. After treatment, the change in mtDNA copy number was significantly associated with the treatment response, i.e., change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) and PHQ-9 scores (ß=1.00, p=0.03 and ß=0.65, p=0.04, respectively), after controlling for baseline scores, age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol drinking and medication. Our findings show that mtDNA copy number is associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress- and adjustment disorders and treatment response in these disorders.
Collapse
|
80
|
Aberrant telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in suicide completers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3176. [PMID: 28600518 PMCID: PMC5466636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short telomere length (TL) occurs in individuals under psychological stress, and with various psychiatric diseases. Recent studies have also reported mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) alterations under several neuropsychiatric conditions. However, no study has examined whether aberrant TL or mtDNAcn occur in completed suicide, one of the most serious outcomes of mental illnesses. TL and mtDNAcn in post-mortem samples from 528 suicide completers without severe physical illness (508 peripheral bloods; 20 brains) and 560 samples from control subjects (peripheral bloods from 535 healthy individuals; 25 post-mortem brains) were analysed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Suicide completers had significantly shorter TL and higher mtDNAcn of peripheral bloods with sex/age-dependent differences (shorter TL was more remarkably in female/young suicides; higher mtDNAcn more so in male/elderly suicides). The normal age-related decline of TL and mtDNAcn were significantly altered in suicide completers. Furthermore, shorter TL and lower mtDNAcn of post-mortem prefrontal cortex were seen in suicide completers compared to controls. This study shows the first association of aberrant telomeres and mtDNA content with suicide completion. Our results indicate that further research on telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction may help elucidate the molecular underpinnings of suicide-related pathophysiology.
Collapse
|