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Ntege EH, Sunami H, Denda J, Futenma N, Shimizu Y. Effects of hydroxyapatite-coated nonwoven polyethylene/polypropylene fabric on non-mesodermal lineage-specific differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:471. [PMID: 33028399 PMCID: PMC7542906 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Compared to other stem cells, the multipotency of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) is limited. Effective approaches that trigger or enhance lineage-specific transdifferentiation are highly envisaged in the improvement of ASCs-based cell therapies. Using Immunofluorescence assays and the secretion of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) protein, we studied the impact of two substrates: Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-coated nonwoven polyethylene (PET)/polypropylene (PP) fabric and glass surfaces, representing 3 dimensional (D) and 2 D environments respectively, on the induction of cardiomyocytes – a non-mesodermal cell type from ASCs for 1–5 weeks. Results ASCs were successfully isolated from human adipose tissue under cGMP conditions. Within 1–3 weeks, expression of cTnT in the induced 3D cultures was overall significantly higher (P < 0.021) than that in the induced 2D cultures or controls (P < 0.0009). Remarkably, after 3 weeks of culture, cTnT secretion in the induced 3D cultures gradually declined, nearly reaching levels observed in the 2D cultures. The results show that HAp-coated nonwoven PE/PP fabric could enhance lineage-specific differentiation of ASCs toward cardiac-like cells. However, the fabric might suppress growth of the transformed cells. These preliminary findings encourage further interest in validating the fabric’s potential in improving ASCs transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hosea Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Junko Denda
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Naoko Futenma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Pressure Stimuli Improve the Proliferation of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Hypoxic Culture Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197092. [PMID: 32993025 PMCID: PMC7583852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are safe, and they have good therapeutic efficacy through their paracrine action. However, long-term culture to produce sufficient MSCs for clinical use can result in side-effects, such as an inevitable senescence and the reduction of the therapeutic efficacy of the MSCs. In order to overcome this, the primary culture conditions of the MSCs can be modified to simulate the stem cells’ niche environment, resulting in accelerated proliferation, the achievement of the target production yield at earlier passages, and the improvement of the therapeutic efficacy. We exposed Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) to pressure stimuli during the primary culture step. In order to evaluate the proliferation, stemness, and therapeutic efficacy of WJ-MSCs, image, genetic, and Western blot analyses were carried out. Compared with standard incubation culture conditions, the cell proliferation was significantly improved when the WJ-MSCs were exposed to pressure stimuli. However, the therapeutic efficacy (the promotion of cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects) and the stemness of the WJ-MSCs was maintained, regardless of the culture conditions. Exposure to pressure stimuli is a simple and efficient way to improve WJ-MSC proliferation without causing changes in stemness and therapeutic efficacy. In this way, clinical-grade WJ-MSCs can be produced rapidly and used for therapeutic applications.
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Dissecting the Effect of a 3D Microscaffold on the Transcriptome of Neural Stem Cells with Computational Approaches: A Focus on Mechanotransduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186775. [PMID: 32942778 PMCID: PMC7555048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3D cell cultures are becoming more and more important in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to mimic the cellular physiological microenvironment. Among the different types of 3D scaffolds, we focus on the Nichoid, a miniaturized scaffold with a structure inspired by the natural staminal niche. The Nichoid can activate cellular responses simply by subjecting the cells to mechanical stimuli. This kind of influence results in different cellular morphology and organization, but the molecular bases of these changes remain largely unknown. Through RNA-Seq approach on murine neural precursors stem cells expanded inside the Nichoid, we investigated the deregulated genes and pathways showing that the Nichoid causes alteration in genes strongly connected to mechanobiological functions. Moreover, we fully dissected this mechanism highlighting how the changes start at a membrane level, with subsequent alterations in the cytoskeleton, signaling pathways, and metabolism, all leading to a final alteration in gene expression. The results shown here demonstrate that the Nichoid influences the biological and genetic response of stem cells thorough specific alterations of cellular signaling. The characterization of these pathways elucidates the role of mechanical manipulation on stem cells, with possible implications in regenerative medicine applications.
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Shahriyari F, Janmaleki M, Sharifi S, Hesar ME, Hoshian S, Taghiabadi R, Razaghian A, Ghadiri M, Peirovi A, Mahmoudi M, Nezhad AS, Khademhosseini A. Effect of cell imprinting on viability and drug susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:119-129. [PMID: 32525052 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effect of substrate's geometrical cues on viability and the efficacy of an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), on breast cancer cells. It is hypothesized that the surface topographical properties can mediate the cellular drug intake. Pseudo-three dimensional (3D) platforms were fabricated using imprinting technique from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to recapitulate topography of cells' membranes. The cells exhibited higher viability on the cell-imprinted platforms for both PDMS and GelMA materials compared to the plain/flat counterparts. For instance, MCF7 cells showed a higher metabolic activity (11.9%) on MCF7-imprinted PDMS substrate than plain PDMS. The increased metabolic activity for the imprinted GelMA was about 44.2% compared to plain hydrogel. The DOX response of cells was monitored for 24 h. Although imprinted substrates demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility, the cultured cells were more susceptible to the drug compared to the plain substrates. In particular, MCF7 cells on imprinted PDMS and GelMA substrates showed 37% and 50% higher in cell death compared to the corresponding plain PDMS and GelMA, respectively. Interestingly, the drug susceptibility of the cells on the imprinted hydrogel was about 70% higher than the cells cultured on imprinted PDMS substrates. Having MCF7 cell-imprinted substrates, DOX responses of two other breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR-75-1, were also evaluated. The results support that cell membrane curvature developed by multiscale topography is able to mediate intracellular signaling and drug intake. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Research in biological sciences and drug discovery mostly rely on two dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques which cannot provide a reliable physiologically relevant environment. Lack of extracellular matrix and a large shift in physicochemical properties of conventional 2D substrates can induce aberrant cellular behaviors. While chemical composition, topographical, and mechanical properties of substrates have remarkable impacts on drug susceptibility, gene expression, and protein synthesis, the most cell culture plates are from rigid and plain substrates. A number of (bio)polymeric 3D-platforms have been introduced to resemble innate cell microenvironment. However, their intricate culture protocols restrain their applications in demanding high-throughput drug screening. To address the above concerns, in the present study, a hydrogel-based pseudo-3D substrate with imprinted cell features has been introduced.
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55
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Tan F, Fang Y, Zhu L, Al-Rubeai M. Controlling stem cell fate using cold atmospheric plasma. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32847625 PMCID: PMC7449033 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell is the foundation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Regulating specific stem cell fate, such as cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and even death, undergoes continuous development. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), the core technology of plasma medicine, is attracting tremendous attention due to its ability and versatility to manipulate various types of cells, including stem cells. Specifically, the direct and indirect applications of CAP in controlling cell fate are best exemplified by upfront irradiation of the stem cells and modification of the stem cell niche, respectively. This review will describe the recent advances in various CAP strategies, both direct and indirect, and their influence on the fate of healthy and cancer stem cells. Particular emphasis will be placed on the mechanism of connecting the physical and chemical cues carried by the plasma and biological changes presented by the cells, especially at the transcriptomic level. The ultimate goal is to exploit CAP’s potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tan
- Department of ORL-HNS, Affiliated East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK.
| | - Yin Fang
- School of Medicine and Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Department of ORL-HNS, Affiliated East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohamed Al-Rubeai
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chuang YC, Chang CC, Yang F, Simon M, Rafailovich M. TiO 2 nanoparticles synergize with substrate mechanics to improve dental pulp stem cells proliferation and differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111366. [PMID: 33254985 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies exist on the influence of TiO2 nanoparticle uptake on cell behavior. Yet little is known about the lingering influence of nanoparticles accumulation within the external environment which is particularly important to stem cell differentiation. Herein, dental pulp stem cells were cultured on hard and soft polybutadiene substrates, where 0.1 mg/mL rutile TiO2 nanoparticles were introduced once, 24 h after plating. In the absence of TiO2, the doubling time on soft substrate is significantly longer, while addition of TiO2 decreases it to the same level as on the hard substrate. FACS analysis indicates particle uptake initially at 25% is reduced to 2.5% after 14 days. In the absence of TiO2, no biomineralization on the soft and snowflake-like hydroxyapatite deposits on the hard substrate are shown at week 4. With the addition of TiO2, SEM/EDAX reveals copious mineral deposition templated on large banded collagen fibers on both substrates. The mineral-to-matrix ratios analyzed by Raman spectroscopy are unremarkable in the absence of TiO2. However, with addition of TiO2, the ratios are consistent with native bone on the hard and dentin on the soft substrates. This is further confirmed by RT-PCR, which showed upregulation of markers consistent with osteogenesis and odontogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Chuang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA; ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chung-Chueh Chang
- ThINC Facility, Advanced Energy Center, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
| | - Marcia Simon
- Department of Oral Biology & Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Dental Medicine, NY 11794, USA
| | - Miriam Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA.
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Selig M, Lauer JC, Hart ML, Rolauffs B. Mechanotransduction and Stiffness-Sensing: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Control Multiple Molecular Aspects of Cell Phenotype as a Design Cornerstone of Cell-Instructive Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5399. [PMID: 32751354 PMCID: PMC7432012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since material stiffness controls many cell functions, we reviewed the currently available knowledge on stiffness sensing and elucidated what is known in the context of clinical and experimental articular cartilage (AC) repair. Remarkably, no stiffness information on the various biomaterials for clinical AC repair was accessible. Using mRNA expression profiles and morphology as surrogate markers of stiffness-related effects, we deduced that the various clinically available biomaterials control chondrocyte (CH) phenotype well, but not to equal extents, and only in non-degenerative settings. Ample evidence demonstrates that multiple molecular aspects of CH and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) phenotype are susceptible to material stiffness, because proliferation, migration, lineage determination, shape, cytoskeletal properties, expression profiles, cell surface receptor composition, integrin subunit expression, and nuclear shape and composition of CHs and/or MSCs are stiffness-regulated. Moreover, material stiffness modulates MSC immuno-modulatory and angiogenic properties, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced lineage determination, and CH re-differentiation/de-differentiation, collagen type II fragment production, and TGF-β1- and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)-induced changes in cell stiffness and traction force. We then integrated the available molecular signaling data into a stiffness-regulated CH phenotype model. Overall, we recommend using material stiffness for controlling cell phenotype, as this would be a promising design cornerstone for novel future-oriented, cell-instructive biomaterials for clinical high-quality AC repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin C. Lauer
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
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Lee W, Choi JH, Lee S, Song JE, Khang G. Fabrication and Characterization of Silk Fibroin Microfiber-Incorporated Bone Marrow Stem Cell Spheroids to Promote Cell-Cell Interaction and Osteogenesis. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18021-18027. [PMID: 32743175 PMCID: PMC7391361 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, silk fibroin microfiber (mSF) was applied to assist spheroid assemblies of rBMSCs (rabbit bone marrow stem cells) (S/B). Alkaline hydrolysis was induced with different times and conditions to manufacture the various sizes of mSF. The mSF was incorporated in the rBMSC with different amounts to optimize proper content for spheroid assembly. The formation of the S/B was confirmed under optical microscopy and SEM. Proliferation and viability were characterized by CCK-8 and live/dead staining. Osteogenesis was analyzed with ALP (alkaline phosphatase) activity studies and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The S/B was successfully produced and displayed uniformly distributed cells and mSF with the presence of a gap in the structure. Proliferation and viability of the S/B significantly increased when compared to rBMSC spheroids (B), which is potentially due to the enhanced transportation of oxygen and nutrients to the cells located in the core region. Additionally, ALP activity and osteogenic markers were significantly upregulated in the optimized S/B under osteogenic media conditions. Overall, a hybrid-spheroid system with a simple 3D cell culture platform provides a potential approach for engineering therapeutic stem cells.
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Yang KC, Chen IH, Yang YT, Hsiao JK, Wang CC. Effects of scaffold geometry on chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Combinatorial biophysical cue sensor array for controlling neural stem cell fate. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 156:112125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Nicolas J, Magli S, Rabbachin L, Sampaolesi S, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimics: Fundamental Concepts and Role of Materials Chemistry to Influence Stem Cell Fate. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1968-1994. [PMID: 32227919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural behavior and develop very different phenotypes and genotypes than in vivo, great efforts in materials chemistry have been devoted to reproducing in vitro behavior in in vivo cell microenvironments. This requires fine-tuning the biochemical and structural actors in synthetic ECMs. This review will present the fundamentals of the ECM, cover the chemical and structural features of the scaffolds used to generate ECM mimics, discuss the nature of the signaling biomolecules required and exploited to generate bioresponsive cell microenvironments able to induce a specific cell fate, and highlight the synthetic strategies involved in creating functional 3D ECM mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sofia Magli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Rabbachin
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Sampaolesi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Labusca L, Herea DD, Danceanu CM, Minuti AE, Stavila C, Grigoras M, Gherca D, Stoian G, Ababei G, Chiriac H, Lupu N. The effect of magnetic field exposure on differentiation of magnetite nanoparticle-loaded adipose-derived stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110652. [PMID: 32228923 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are versatile tools for various applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine. MNPs-mediated cell tracking, targeting and imaging are increasingly studied for regenerative medicine applications in cell therapy and tissue engineering. Mechanical stimulation influences mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Here we show that MNPs-mediated magneto-mechanical stimulation of human primary adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) exposed to variable magnetic field (MF) influences their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. ADSCs loaded with biocompatible magnetite nanoparticles of 6.6 nm, and with an average load of 21 picograms iron/cell were exposed to variable low intensity (0.5 mT - LMF) and higher intensity magnetic fields (14.7 and 21.6 mT - HMF). Type, duration, intensity and frequency of MF differently affect differentiation. Short time (2 days) intermittent exposure to LMF increases adipogenesis while longer (7 days) intermittent as well as continuous exposure favors osteogenesis. HMF (21.6 mT) short time intermittent exposure favors osteogenesis. Different exposure protocols can be used to increase differentiation dependently on expected results. Magnetic remotely-actuated MNPs up-taken by ADSCs promotes the shift towards osteoblastic lineage. ADSCs-MNPs under MF exposure could be used for enabling osteoblastic conversion during cell therapy for systemic osteoporosis. Current results enable further in vivo studies investigating the role of remotely-controlled magnetically actuated ADSCs-MNPs for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru-Daniel Herea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Camelia-Mihaela Danceanu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Emanuela Minuti
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Stavila
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Marian Grigoras
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Gherca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - George Stoian
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ababei
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Horia Chiriac
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd., 700050, Iasi, Romania
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Wu Q, Liu J, Wang X, Feng L, Wu J, Zhu X, Wen W, Gong X. Organ-on-a-chip: recent breakthroughs and future prospects. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:9. [PMID: 32050989 PMCID: PMC7017614 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-0752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is in the list of top 10 emerging technologies and refers to a physiological organ biomimetic system built on a microfluidic chip. Through a combination of cell biology, engineering, and biomaterial technology, the microenvironment of the chip simulates that of the organ in terms of tissue interfaces and mechanical stimulation. This reflects the structural and functional characteristics of human tissue and can predict response to an array of stimuli including drug responses and environmental effects. OOAC has broad applications in precision medicine and biological defense strategies. Here, we introduce the concepts of OOAC and review its application to the construction of physiological models, drug development, and toxicology from the perspective of different organs. We further discuss existing challenges and provide future perspectives for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiuqing Gong
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
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Andrejew R, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro D, Godoy M, Granato A, Ulrich H. Targeting Purinergic Signaling and Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:275-353. [PMID: 31898792 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purines exert several functions in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. ATP acts through P2 receptors as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and modulates heart contractility, while adenosine participates in neurotransmission, blood pressure, and many other mechanisms. Because of their capability to differentiate into mature cell types, they provide a unique therapeutic strategy for regenerating damaged tissue, such as in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Purinergic signaling is pivotal for controlling stem cell differentiation and phenotype determination. Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells of various origins are regulated by purinergic receptors. In this chapter, we selected neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases with clinical trials using cell therapy and purinergic receptor targeting. We discuss these approaches as therapeutic alternatives to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. For instance, promising results were demonstrated in the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vascular regeneration. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in general, P2X7 and A2A receptors mostly worsen the degenerative state. Stem cell-based therapy, mainly through mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, showed promising results in improving symptoms caused by neurodegeneration. We propose that purinergic receptor activity regulation combined with stem cells could enhance proliferative and differentiation rates as well as cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Ribeiro
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Godoy
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Granato
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hou Y, Yu L, Xie W, Camacho LC, Zhang M, Chu Z, Wei Q, Haag R. Surface Roughness and Substrate Stiffness Synergize To Drive Cellular Mechanoresponse. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:748-757. [PMID: 31820645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Material surface topographic features have been shown to be crucial for tissue regeneration and surface treatment of implanted devices. Many biomaterials were investigated with respect to the response of cells on surface roughness. However, some conclusions even conflicted with each other due to the unclear interplay of surface topographic features and substrate elastic features as well as the lack of mechanistic studies. Herein, wide-scale surface roughness gradient hydrogels, integrating the surface roughness from nanoscale to microscale with controllable stiffness, were developed via soft lithography with precise surface morphology. Based on this promising platform, we systematically studied the mechanosensitive response of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a broad range of roughnesses (200 nm to 1.2 μm for Rq) and different substrate stiffnesses. We observed that MSCs responded to surface roughness in a stiffness-dependent manner by reorganizing the surface hierarchical structure. Surprisingly, the cellular mechanoresponse and osteogenesis were obviously enhanced on very soft hydrogels (3.8 kPa) with high surface roughness, which was comparable to or even better than that on smooth stiff substrates. These findings extend our understanding of the interactions between cells and biomaterials, highlighting an effective noninvasive approach to regulate stem cell fate via synergetic physical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Wenyan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Luis Cuellar Camacho
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering , Sichuan University , 610065 Chengdu , China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering , Sichuan University , 610065 Chengdu , China
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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Hashemzadeh H, Allahverdi A, Ghorbani M, Soleymani H, Kocsis Á, Fischer MB, Ertl P, Naderi-Manesh H. Gold Nanowires/Fibrin Nanostructure as Microfluidics Platforms for Enhancing Stem Cell Differentiation: Bio-AFM Study. MICROMACHINES 2019; 11:mi11010050. [PMID: 31906040 PMCID: PMC7019962 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology has gained great interest in recent years given its ability to control the spatio-temporal microenvironments of cells and tissues precisely. While physical parameters of the respective niche such as microchannel network sizes, geometric features, flow rates, and shear forces, as well as oxygen tension and concentration gradients, have been optimized for stem cell cultures, little has been done to improve cell-matrix interactions in microphysiological systems. Specifically, detailed research on the effect of matrix elasticity and extracellular matrix (ECM) nanotopography on stem cell differentiation are still in its infancy, an aspect that is known to alter a stem cell’s fate. Although a wide range of hydrogels such as gelatin, collagen, fibrin, and others are available for stem cell chip cultivations, only a limited number of elasticities are generally employed. Matrix elasticity and the corresponding nanotopography are key factors that guide stem cell differentiation. Given this, we investigated the addition of gold nanowires into hydrogels to create a tunable biointerface that could be readily integrated into any organ-on-a-chip and cell chip system. In the presented work, we investigated the matrix elasticity (Young’s modulus, stiffness, adhesive force, and roughness) and nanotopography of gold nanowire loaded onto fibrin hydrogels using the bio-AFM (atomic force microscopy) method. Additionally, we investigated the capacity of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) to differentiate into osteo- and chondrogenic lineages. Our results demonstrated that nanogold structured-hydrogels promoted differentiation of hAMSCs as shown by a significant increase in Collagen I and II production. Additionally, there was enhanced calcium mineralization activity and proteoglycans formation after a cultivation period of two weeks within microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hashemzadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran;
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (A.A.); (M.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (A.A.); (M.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Hossein Soleymani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (A.A.); (M.G.); (H.S.)
| | - Ágnes Kocsis
- Department of Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Vienna, Austria; (Á.K.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Michael Bernhard Fischer
- Department of Health Science and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Vienna, Austria; (Á.K.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (P.E.); (H.N.-M.); Tel.: +43(1)-58801-163605 (H.N.M.)
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran;
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-154, Iran; (A.A.); (M.G.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.E.); (H.N.-M.); Tel.: +43(1)-58801-163605 (H.N.M.)
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67
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Kim JS, Kim TH, Kang DL, Baek SY, Lee Y, Koh YG, Kim YI. Chondrogenic differentiation of human ASCs by stiffness control in 3D fibrin hydrogel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:213-219. [PMID: 31759627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In cell-based tissue engineering, fibrin hydrogel can be utilized to produce scaffolds to treat cartilage. However, the optimal fibrin formulation for cartilage regeneration has not yet been studied. This study aimed to find the optimal fibrin formulation and determine whether fibrin optimized with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) increased the in-vivo chondrogenic potential. To find the optimal formulation, fibrin constructs were divided into twelve groups with different ratios of fibrinogen (10, 20, 30, and 50 mg/mL) to thrombin (10, 50, and 100 IU/mL), following which the physical and biological properties of cell-free and cell-embedded fibrin were investigated. The results from cell-free hydrogels showed that increases in the concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin corresponded to increases in stiffness and initial weight. Moreover, hydrogel degradation was inhibited in high-concentration formulations. In cell-embedded fibrin constructs, the variation of gel formulation did not affect cell viability. However, cell behavior depended on the gel formulation. hASCs within high-concentration fibrinogen formulation maintained a round morphology similar to natural chondrocytes. Variations in thrombin concentration had a lesser effect on cell morphology. In terms of in-vivo cartilage formation, the formulation with 30 mg/mL fibrinogen and 100 IU/mL thrombin showed the highest cartilage formation, as evidenced through collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2) and safranin-O, 4 weeks after implantation. The results may lead to optimally designed 3D bio-scaffolds in which we can control both cell survival and chondrogenic potential for cartilage tissue engineering. Scaffolds made with the optimal fibrin formulation can be applied to develop cell therapies with mesenchymal stem cells to treat osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Su Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Research, TJC Life Research and Development Center, TJC Life, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Health Management, Public Health Center, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Lim Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Research, TJC Life Research and Development Center, TJC Life, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yeon Baek
- Department of Stem Cell Research, TJC Life Research and Development Center, TJC Life, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yura Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Research, TJC Life Research and Development Center, TJC Life, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gon Koh
- Center for Stem Cell & Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Il Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Research, TJC Life Research and Development Center, TJC Life, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pandamooz S, Jafari A, Salehi MS, Jurek B, Ahmadiani A, Safari A, Hassanajili S, Borhani-Haghighi A, Dianatpour M, Niknejad H, Azarpira N, Dargahi L. Substrate stiffness affects the morphology and gene expression of epidermal neural crest stem cells in a short term culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:305-317. [PMID: 31654402 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to the intrinsic plasticity of stem cells, controlling their fate is a critical issue in cell-based therapies. Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that substrate stiffness can affect the fate decisions of various stem cells. Epidermal neural crest stem cells as one of the main neural crest cell derivatives hold great promise for cell therapies due to presenting a high level of plasticity. This study was conducted to define the influence of substrate stiffness on the lineage commitment of these cells. Here, four different polyacrylamide hydrogels with elastic modulus in the range of 0.7-30 kPa were synthesized and coated with collagen and stem cells were seeded on them for 24 hr. The obtained data showed that cells can attach faster to hydrogels compared with culture plate and cells on <1 kPa stiffness show more neuronal-like morphology as they presented several branches and extended longer neurites over time. Moreover, the transcription of actin downregulated on all hydrogels, while the expression of Nestin, Tubulin, and PDGFR-α increased on all of them and SOX-10 and doublecortin gene expression were higher only on <1 kPa. Also, it was revealed that soft hydrogels can enhance the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor in these stem cells. On the basis of the results, these cells can respond to the substrate stiffness in the short term culture and soft hydrogels can alter their morphology and gene expression. These findings suggested that employing proper substrate stiffness might result in cells with more natural profiles similar to the nervous system and superior usefulness in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Pandamooz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arman Jafari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad S Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benjamin Jurek
- Department of Behavioral and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahid Safari
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shadi Hassanajili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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69
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Dong Y, Zheng Q, Wang Z, Lin X, You Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Hu C, Xie X, Chen J, Gao D, Zhao Y, Wu W, Liu Y, Ren Z, Chen R, Cui J. Higher matrix stiffness as an independent initiator triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition and facilitates HCC metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:112. [PMID: 31703598 PMCID: PMC6839087 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased liver stiffness exerts a detrimental role in driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) malignancy and progression, and indicates a high risk of unfavorable outcomes. However, it remains largely unknown how liver matrix stiffness as an independent cue triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and facilitates HCC metastasis. Methods Buffalo rat HCC models with different liver stiffness backgrounds and an in vitro Col I-coated cell culture system with tunable stiffness were used in the study to explore the effects of matrix stiffness on EMT occurrence and its underlying molecular mechanism. Clinical significance of liver stiffness and key molecules required for stiffness-induced EMT were validated in HCC cohorts with different liver stiffness. Results HCC xenografts grown in higher stiffness liver exhibited worse malignant phenotypes and higher lung metastasis rate, suggesting that higher liver stiffness promotes HCC invasion and metastasis. Cell tests in vitro showed that higher matrix stiffness was able to strikingly strengthen malignant phenotypes and independently induce EMT occurrence in HCC cells, and three signaling pathways converging on Snail expression participated in stiffness-mediated effect on EMT including integrin-mediated S100A11 membrane translocation, eIF4E phosphorylation, and TGF β1 autocrine. Additionally, the key molecules required for stiffness-induced EMT were highly expressed in tumor tissues of HCC patients with higher liver stiffness and correlated with poor tumor differentiation and higher recurrence. Conclusions Higher matrix stiffness as an initiator triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells independently, and three signaling pathways converging on Snail expression contribute to this pathological process. This work highlights a significant role of biomechanical signal in triggering EMT and facilitating HCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongdan Zheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiahui Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang You
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinkun Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Labib M, Chen H, Wei M, Poudineh M, Green BJ, Duong B, Das J, Ahmed S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Peptide-Functionalized Nanostructured Microarchitectures Enable Rapid Mechanotransductive Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41030-41037. [PMID: 31600052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironmental factors play critical roles in regulating stem cell fate, providing a rationale to engineer biomimetic microenvironments that facilitate rapid and effective stem cell differentiation. Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical microarchitectures have been developed to enable rapid neural differentiation of multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (HMSCs) via mechanotransduction. However, low cell viability during long-term culture and poor cell recovery efficiency from the architectures were also observed. Such problems hinder further applications of the architectures in stem cell differentiation. Here, we present improved 3D nanostructured microarchitectures functionalized with cell-adhesion-promoting arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides. These RGD-functionalized architectures significantly upregulated long-term cell viability and facilitated effective recovery of differentiated cells from the architectures while maintaining high differentiation efficiency. Efficient recovery of highly viable differentiated cells enabled the downstream analysis of morphology and protein expression to be performed. Remarkably, even after the removal of the mechanical stimulus provided by the 3D microarchitectures, the recovered HMSCs showed a neuron-like elongated morphology for 10 days and consistently expressed microtubule-associated protein 2, a mature neural marker. RGD-functionalized nanostructured microarchitectures hold great potential to guide effective differentiation of highly viable stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9 , Canada
| | - Libing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Haijie Chen
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Brenda J Green
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9 , Canada
| | - Bill Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8 , Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G4 , Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3G9 , Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3M2 , Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 1A8 , Canada
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71
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Wu Y, Cooper KM. Elastic modulus of Dictyostelium is affected by mechanotransduction. J Biol Phys 2019; 45:293-305. [PMID: 31363883 PMCID: PMC6706517 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-019-09529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of adherent mammalian cells is regulated by the elasticity of substrates due to mechanotransduction via integrin-based focal adhesions. Dictyostelium discoideum is an ameboid protozoan model organism that does not carry genes for classical integrin and can adhere to substrates without forming focal adhesions. It also has a life cycle that naturally includes both single-cellular and multicellular life forms. In this article, we report the measurements of the elastic modulus of single cells on varied substrate stiffnesses and the elastic modulus of the multicellular "slug" using atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a microindenter/force transducer. The results show that the elastic modulus of the Dictyostelium cell is regulated by the stiffness of the substrate and its surrounding cells, which is similar to the mechanotransduction behavior of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, 1 University Plaza, Platteville, WI, 53818, USA
| | - Kate M Cooper
- Department of Biology, Loras College, 1450 Alta Vista Street, Dubuque, IA, 52001, USA.
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72
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Hosseini FS, Saburi E, Enderami SE, Ardeshirylajimi A, Bagherabad MB, Marzouni HZ, Ghoraeian P, Soleimanifar F. Improved chondrogenic response of mesenchymal stem cells to a polyethersulfone/polyaniline blended nanofibrous scaffold. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11358-11365. [PMID: 30746743 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the fact that the cartilage tissue is not able to repair itself, the treatment of the joint damages is very difficult by current methods. Induction of tissue repair requires suitable cell and extracellular matrix. Providing these two parts can only be done using tissue engineering. In the present study, polyethersulfone (PES) and polyaniline (PANI) blend was electrospined for nanofibrous scaffold fabrication. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human adipose tissue (AT-MSCs), and after characterization cultured on the PES-PANI scaffold and culture plate. Electron microscopic and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assays were used for biocompatibility evaluation of the scaffold and the chondrogenic differentiation potential of AT-MSCs were investigated by staining of proteoglycans and gene and protein expression evaluation. Alcian blue staining, real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot results showed that chondrogenic differentiation potential of AT-MSCs was significantly increased when grown on PES-PANI nanofibers and was compared to the one grown on a culture plate. According to the results, PES-PANI has a promising potential to be used as a biomedical implant in patients with joints lesion, such as arthritis and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics research center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran university of Medical Sciences, sari, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matineh Barati Bagherabad
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare Marzouni
- Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Ghoraeian
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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73
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Peterková L, Rimpelová S, Slepička P, Křížová I, Kasálková NS, Švorčík V, Ruml T. Argon plasma-treated fluorinated ethylene propylene: Growth of primary dermal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:121-129. [PMID: 31133240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification is an important step in making a synthetic polymer cytocompatible. We have previously reported improved cytocompatibility of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) with the otherwise bioinert fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) upon treatment with argon plasma discharge. In this article, we show that FEP modified with Ar plasma with the power of 3 and 8 W for 40 and 240 s served as a suitable material for cultivation of primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), which showed significantly improved proliferation and spreading comparable to standard tissue culture polystyrene. We also evaluated focal adhesions formed by HDF cells on modified FEP, which were far more numerous compared to pristine FEP. Moreover, we attempted spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells modified with human telomerase reverse transcriptase on Ar plasma-modified FEP. While the spontaneous osteogenic differentiation was unsuccessful, the cells were able to adhere and differentiated on tested matrices upon the administration of osteodifferentiation medium. These combined findings suggest that the treatment of FEP with Ar plasma comprises and efficient method to enable the adhesion and proliferation of various cell types on an otherwise largely bioinert material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Peterková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Křížová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Slepičková Kasálková
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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74
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Layer-by-layer assembly as a robust method to construct extracellular matrix mimic surfaces to modulate cell behavior. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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75
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Chuang YC, Yu Y, Wei MT, Chang CC, Ricotta V, Feng KC, Wang L, Bherwani AK, Ou-Yang HD, Simon M, Zhang L, Rafailovich M. Regulating substrate mechanics to achieve odontogenic differentiation for dental pulp stem cells on TiO 2 filled and unfilled polyisoprene. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:60-72. [PMID: 30836198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that materials other than hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering can be effective in enabling differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Here we demonstrate that a hydrophobic elastomer, polyisoprene (PI), a component of Gutta-percha, normally used to obturate the tooth canal, can also be used to initiate differentiation of the pulp. We showed that PI substrates without additional coating promote cell adhesion and differentiation, while their moduli can be easily adjusted either by varying the coating thickness or incorporation of inorganic particles. DPSC plated on those PI substrates were shown, using SPM and hysitron indentation, to adjust their moduli to conform to differentially small changes in the substrate modulus. In addition, optical tweezers were used to separately measure the membrane and cytoplasm moduli of DPSC, with and without Rho kinase inhibitor. The results indicated that the changes in modulus were attributed predominantly to changes within the cytoplasm, rather than the cell membrane. CLSM was used to identify cell morphology. Differentiation, as determined by qRT-PCR, of the upregulation of OCN, and COL1α1 as well as biomineralization, characterized by SEM/EDAX, was observed on hard PI substrates in the absence of induction factors, i.e. dexamethasone, with moduli 3-4 MPa, regardless of preparation. SEM showed that even though biomineralization was deposited on both spun cast thin PI and filled thick PI substrates, the minerals were aggregated into large clusters on thin PI, and uniformly distributed on filled thick PI, where it was templated within banded collagen fibers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript demonstrates the potential of polyisoprene (PI), an elastomeric polymer, for use in tissue engineering. We show how dental pulp stem cells adjust their moduli continuously to match infinitesimally small changes in substrate mechanics, till a critical threshold is reached when they will differentiate. The lineage of differentiation then becomes a sensitive function of both mechanics and morphology for a given chemical composition. Since PI is a major component of Gutta-percha, the FDA approved material commonly used for obturating the root canal, this work suggests that it can easily be adapted for in vivo use in dental regeneration.
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76
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Panchamanon P, Pavasant P, Leethanakul C. Periostin plays role in force-induced stem cell potential by periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:506-515. [PMID: 30761669 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli have been shown to play an important role in directing stem cell fate and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. One of the functions of the mechanoresponsive tissue periodontal ligament (PDL) is to withstand the functional forces within the oral cavity. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) derived from periodontal tissue have been demonstrated to be able to respond directly to mechanical forces. However, the mechanisms of action of mechanical force on PDLSCs are not totally understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which compressive force affects PDLSCs, especially their stemness properties. PDLSCs were established from extracted human third molars; their stem cell characteristics were validated by detecting the expression of stem cell markers and confirming their ability to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. PDLSCs were subjected to various magnitudes of static compressive force (0 [control], 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2 g/cm2 ). Application of 1.0 g/cm2 compressive force significantly upregulated a panel of stem cell marker genes, including NANOG and OCT4. Conversely, higher force magnitudes downregulated these genes. Mechanical loading also upregulated periostin, a matrix protein that plays important roles in tissue morphogenesis. Interestingly, knockdown of periostin using siRNA abolished force-induced stem cell marker expression in PDLSCs. This study suggests a proper magnitude of compressive force could be one important factor involved in the modulation of the pluripotency of PDLSCs through the action of periostin. The precise mechanism by which periostin regulates stemness requires further detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panita Panchamanon
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henry-Dunant Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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77
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Oh B, George P. Conductive polymers to modulate the post-stroke neural environment. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:10-17. [PMID: 30851354 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of stroke, therapies to augment recovery remain limited. Here we focus on the use of conductive polymers for cell delivery, drug release, and electrical stimulation to optimize the post-stroke environment for neural recovery. Conductive polymers and their interactions with in vitro and in vivo neural systems are explored. The ability to continuously modify the neural environment utilizing conductive polymers provides applications in directing stem cell differentiation and increasing neural repair. This exciting class of polymers offers new approaches to optimizing the post-stroke brain to improve functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongtaek Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Paul George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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78
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Lee SH, Jun BH. Advances in dynamic microphysiological organ-on-a-chip: Design principle and its biomedical application. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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79
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Torizal FG, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. Physiological Microenvironmental Conditions in Different Scalable Culture Systems for Pluripotent Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Open Biomed Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874120701913010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs) are a valuable cell type that has a wide range of biomedical applications because they can differentiate into many types of adult somatic cell. Numerous studies have examined the clinical applications of PSCs. However, several factors such as bioreactor design, mechanical stress, and the physiological environment have not been optimized. These factors can significantly alter the pluripotency and proliferation properties of the cells, which are important for the mass production of PSCs. Nutritional mass transfer and oxygen transfer must be effectively maintained to obtain a high yield. Various culture systems are currently available for optimum cell propagation by maintaining the physiological conditions necessary for cell cultivation. Each type of culture system using a different configuration with various advantages and disadvantages affecting the mechanical conditions in the bioreactor, such as shear stress. These factors make it difficult to preserve the cellular viability and pluripotency of PSCs. Additional limitations of the culture system for PSCs must also be identified and overcome to maintain the culture conditions and enable large-scale expansion and differentiation of PSCs. This review describes the different physiological conditions in the various culture systems and recent developments in culture technology for PSC expansion and differentiation.
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80
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Abstract
In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. The development of treatment methods has evoked great expectations. This paper is a review focused on the discovery of different stem cells and the potential therapies based on these cells. The genesis of stem cells is followed by laboratory steps of controlled stem cell culturing and derivation. Quality control and teratoma formation assays are important procedures in assessing the properties of the stem cells tested. Derivation methods and the utilization of culturing media are crucial to set proper environmental conditions for controlled differentiation. Among many types of stem tissue applications, the use of graphene scaffolds and the potential of extracellular vesicle-based therapies require attention due to their versatility. The review is summarized by challenges that stem cell therapy must overcome to be accepted worldwide. A wide variety of possibilities makes this cutting edge therapy a turning point in modern medicine, providing hope for untreatable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zakrzewski
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 50-425 Poland
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rybak
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
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81
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Kim T, Lei L, Seong J, Suh J, Jang Y, Jung SH, Sun J, Kim D, Wang Y. Matrix Rigidity-Dependent Regulation of Ca 2+ at Plasma Membrane Microdomains by FAK Visualized by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801290. [PMID: 30828523 PMCID: PMC6382294 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic regulation of signal transduction at plasma membrane microdomains remains poorly understood due to limitations in current experimental approaches. Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) can provide high spatiotemporal resolution for imaging cell signaling networks. Here, distinctive regulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Ca2+ signals are visualized at different membrane microdomains by FRET using membrane-targeting biosensors. It is shown that rigidity-dependent FAK and Ca2+ signals in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are selectively activated at detergent-resistant membrane (DRM or rafts) microdomains during the cell-matrix adhesion process, with minimal activities at non-DRM domains. The rigidity-dependent Ca2+ signal at the DRM microdomains is downregulated by either FAK inhibition or lipid raft disruption, suggesting that FAK and lipid raft integrity mediate the in situ Ca2+ activation. It is further revealed that transient receptor potential subfamily M7 (TRPM7) participates in the mobilization of Ca2+ signals within DRM regions. Thus, the findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that regulate Ca2+ and FAK signals in hMSCs under different mechanical microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae‐Jin Kim
- Neuroscience Program and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
- Department of Biological SciencesIntegrated Biological Scienceand Institute of Systems BiologyPusan National UniversityPusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Jihye Seong
- Neuroscience Program and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis Treatment Care of DementiaKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Soo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityPusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon‐Kwan Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological SciencePusan National UniversityPusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Gangneung25451Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310058China
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and ImmunotherapyHangzhou310058China
| | - Deok‐Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Neuroscience Program and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Engineering in MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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82
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Ramli K, Aminath Gasim I, Ahmad AA, Hassan S, Law ZK, Tan GC, Baharuddin A, Naicker AS, Htwe O, Mohammed Haflah NH, B H Idrus R, Abdullah S, Ng MH. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs spontaneously express specific Schwann cell markers. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:233-252. [PMID: 30362196 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral nerve injuries, Schwann cells (SC) play pivotal roles in regenerating damaged nerve. However, the use of SC in clinical cell-based therapy is hampered due to its limited availability. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of using an established induction protocol for human bone marrow derived-MSC (hBM-MSCs) transdifferentiation into a SC lineage. A relatively homogenous culture of hBM-MSCs was first established after serial passaging (P3), with profiles conforming to the minimal criteria set by International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). The cultures (n = 3) were then subjected to a series of induction media containing β-mercaptoethanol, retinoic acid, and growth factors. Quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry analyses were performed to quantify the expression of specific SC markers, that is, S100, GFAP, MPZ and p75 NGFR, in both undifferentiated and transdifferentiated hBM-MSCs. Based on these analyses, all markers were expressed in undifferentiated hBM-MSCs and MPZ expression (mRNA transcripts) was consistently detected before and after transdifferentiation across all samples. There was upregulation at the transcript level of more than twofolds for NGF, MPB, GDNF, p75 NGFR post-transdifferentiation. This study highlights the existence of spontaneous expression of specific SC markers in cultured hBM-MSCs, inter-donor variability and that MSC transdifferentiation is a heterogenous process. These findings strongly oppose the use of a single marker to indicate SC fate. The heterogenous nature of MSC may influence the efficiency of SC transdifferentiation protocols. Therefore, there is an urgent need to re-define the MSC subpopulations and revise the minimal criteria for MSC identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairunnisa Ramli
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ifasha Aminath Gasim
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amir Adham Ahmad
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Shariful Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zhe Kang Law
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Baharuddin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amaramalar Selvi Naicker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ohnmar Htwe
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazla Mohammed Haflah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah B H Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shalimar Abdullah
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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83
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Yang SS, Cha J, Cho SW, Kim P. Time-Dependent Retention of Nanotopographical Cues in Differentiated Neural Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3802-3807. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon S. Yang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Junghwa Cha
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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84
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Deng Y, Sun AX, Overholt KJ, Yu GZ, Fritch MR, Alexander PG, Shen H, Tuan RS, Lin H. Enhancing chondrogenesis and mechanical strength retention in physiologically relevant hydrogels with incorporation of hyaluronic acid and direct loading of TGF-β. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:167-176. [PMID: 30458242 PMCID: PMC6733255 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-loaded hydrogels are frequently applied in cartilage tissue engineering for their biocompatibility, ease of application, and ability to conform to various defect sites. As a bioactive adjunct to the biomaterial, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has been shown to be essential for cell differentiation into a chondrocyte phenotype and maintenance thereof, but the low amounts of endogenous TGF-β in the in vivo joint microenvironment necessitate a mechanism for controlled delivery and release of this growth factor. In this study, TGF-β3 was directly loaded with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into poly-d,l-lactic acid/polyethylene glycol/poly-d,l-lactic acid (PDLLA-PEG) hydrogel, or PDLLA-PEG with the addition of hyaluronic acid (PDLLA/HA), and cultured in vitro. We hypothesize that the inclusion of HA within PDLLA-PEG would result in a controlled release of the loaded TGF-β3 and lead to a robust cartilage formation without the use of TGF-β3 in the culture medium. ELISA analysis showed that TGF-β3 release was effectively slowed by HA incorporation, and retention of TGF-β3 in the PDLLA/HA scaffold was detected by immunohistochemistry for up to 3 weeks. By means of both in vitro culture and in vivo implantation, we found that sulfated glycosaminoglycan production was higher in PDLLA/HA groups with homogenous distribution throughout the scaffold than PDLLA groups. Finally, with an optimal loading of TGF-β3 at 10 μg/mL, as determined by RT-PCR and glycosaminoglycan production, an almost twofold increase in Young's modulus of the construct was seen over a 4-week period compared to TGF-β3 delivery in the culture medium. Taken together, our results indicate that the direct loading of TGF-β3 and stem cells in PDLLA/HA has the potential to be a one-step point-of-care treatment for cartilage injury. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stem cell-seeded hydrogels are commonly used in cell-based cartilage tissue engineering, but they generally fail to possess physiologically relevant mechanical properties suitable for loading. Moreover, degradation of the hydrogel in vivo with time further decreases mechanical suitability of the hydrogel due in part to the lack of TGF-β3 signaling. In this study, we demonstrated that incorporation of hyaluronic acid (HA) into a physiologically stiff PDLLA-PEG hydrogel allowed for slow release of one-time preloaded TGF-β3, and when loaded with adult mesenchymal stem cells and cultured in vitro, it resulted in higher chondrogenic gene expression and constructs of significantly higher mechanical strength than constructs cultured in conventional TGF-β3-supplemented medium. Similar effects were also observed in constructs implanted in vivo. Our results indicate that direct loading of TGF-β3 combined with HA in the physiologically stiff PDLLA-PEG hydrogel has the potential to be used for one-step point-of-care treatment of cartilage injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Deng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aaron X Sun
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, USA
| | - Kalon J Overholt
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, USA
| | - Gary Z Yu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Madalyn R Fritch
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, USA
| | - Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - He Shen
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, USA; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA.
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85
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Epigenetic Erasing and Pancreatic Differentiation of Dermal Fibroblasts into Insulin-Producing Cells are Boosted by the Use of Low-Stiffness Substrate. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:398-411. [PMID: 29285667 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the possibility to revert differentiation process, reactivating hypermethylated genes and facilitating cell transition to a different lineage. Beside the epigenetic mechanisms driving cell conversion processes, growing evidences highlight the importance of mechanical forces in supporting cell plasticity and boosting differentiation. Here, we describe epigenetic erasing and conversion of dermal fibroblasts into insulin-producing cells (EpiCC), and demonstrate that the use of a low-stiffness substrate positively influences these processes. Our results show a higher expression of pluripotency genes and a significant bigger decrease of DNA methylation levels in 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) treated cells plated on soft matrix, compared to those cultured on plastic dishes. Furthermore, the use of low-stiffness also induces a significant increased up-regulation of ten-eleven translocation 2 (Tet2) and histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) genes, and more decreased histone deacetylase enzyme1 (Hdac1) transcription levels. The soft substrate also encourages morphological changes, actin cytoskeleton re-organization, and the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway, leading to yes-associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation and its cytoplasmic translocation. Altogether, this results in increased epigenetic conversion efficiency and in EpiCC acquisition of a mono-hormonal phenotype. Our findings indicate that mechano-transduction related responsed influence cell plasticity induced by 5-aza-CR and improve fibroblast differentiation toward the pancreatic lineage.
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86
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Development of the Microfluidic Device to Regulate Shear Stress Gradients. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-018-2407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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87
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Park MH, Subbiah R, Kwon MJ, Kim WJ, Kim SH, Park K, Lee K. The three dimensional cues-integrated-biomaterial potentiates differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:488-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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88
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Wang B, Tu X, Wei J, Wang L, Chen Y. Substrate elasticity dependent colony formation and cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015005. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aae0a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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89
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Dystrophin Cardiomyopathies: Clinical Management, Molecular Pathogenesis and Evolution towards Precision Medicine. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090291. [PMID: 30235804 PMCID: PMC6162458 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is an X-linked neuromuscular disease that manifests as muscle atrophy and cardiomyopathy in young boys. However, a considerable percentage of carrier females are often diagnosed with cardiomyopathy at an advanced stage. Existing therapy is not disease-specific and has limited effect, thus many patients and symptomatic carrier females prematurely die due to heart failure. Early detection is one of the major challenges that muscular dystrophy patients, carrier females, family members and, research and medical teams face in the complex course of dystrophic cardiomyopathy management. Despite the widespread adoption of advanced imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance, there is much scope for refining the diagnosis and treatment of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. This comprehensive review will focus on the pertinent clinical aspects of cardiac disease in muscular dystrophy while also providing a detailed consideration of the known and developing concepts in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy and forthcoming therapeutic options.
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90
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Sthanam LK, Saxena N, Mistari VK, Roy T, Jadhav SR, Sen S. Initial Priming on Soft Substrates Enhances Subsequent Topography-Induced Neuronal Differentiation in ESCs but Not in MSCs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:180-192. [PMID: 33405870 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells into neurogenic lineage is of great interest for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. While the role of chemical cues in regulating stem cell fate is well appreciated, the identification of physical cues has revolutionized the field of tissue engineering leading to development of scaffolds encoding one or more physical cues for inducing stem cell differentiation. In this study, using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), we have tested if stiffness and topography can be collectively tuned for inducing neuronal differentiation by culturing these cells on polyacrylamide hydrogels of varying stiffness (5, 10, and 20 kPa) containing rectangular grooves (10, 15, and 25 μm in width). While hMSCs maximally elongate and express neuronal markers on soft 5 kPa gels containing 10/15 μm grooves, single mESCs are unable to sense topographical features when cultured directly on grooved gels. However, this inability to sense topography is rescued by priming mESCs initially on soft 1 kPa flat gels and then replating these cells onto the grooved gels. Compared to direct culture on the grooved gels, this sequential adaptation increases both viability as well as neuronal differentiation. However, this two-step process does not enhance neuronal marker expression in hMSCs. In addition to highlighting important differences between hMSCs and mESCs in their responsiveness to physical cues, our study suggests that conditioning on soft substrates is essential for inducing topography-mediated neuronal differentiation in mESCs.
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91
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Connizzo BK, Grodzinsky AJ. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from muscle and bone causes tenocyte death in a novel rotator cuff in vitro explant culture model. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:423-436. [PMID: 29447021 PMCID: PMC6240787 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1439486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tendinopathy is a significant clinical problem thought to be associated with altered mechanical loading. Explant culture models allow researchers to alter mechanical loading in a controlled in vitro environment while maintaining tenocytes in their native matrix. However, current models do not accurately represent commonly injured tendons, ignoring contributions of associated musculature and bone, as well as regional collagen structure. This study details the characterization of amouse rotator cuff explant culture model, including bone, tendon, and muscle (BTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Following harvest, BTM explants were maintained in stress-deprived culture for one week and tendon was then assessed for changes in cell viability, metabolism, matrix structure and content. RESULTS Matrix turnover occurred throughout culture as manifested in both gene expression and biosynthesis, but this did not translate to net changes in total collagen or sulfated glycosaminoglycan content. Furthermore, tendon structure was not significantly altered throughout culture. However, we found significant cell death in BTM tendons after 3 days in culture, which we hypothesize is cytokine-induced. Using a targeted multiplex assay, we found high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines released to the culture medium from muscle and bone, levels that did cause cell deathin tendon-alone controls. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this model presents an innovative approach to understandingrotator cuff injury and tenocyte mechanobiology in a clinically-relevant tendon structure. Our model can be a powerful tool to investigate how mechanical and biological stimuli can alter normal tendon health and lead to tendon degeneration, and may provide a testbed for therapeutics for tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K. Connizzo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alan J. Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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92
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Use of Self-Assembling Peptides to Enhance Stem Cell Function for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4162075. [PMID: 30008751 PMCID: PMC6020535 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications has become a promising field in regenerative medicine. Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) have been proposed as a good candidate because they are able to self-assemble into stable hydrogels and interact with cells or molecules when combined together. This in turn can lead to the improved survival or action of cells or molecules to obtain the desired effects. In this study, we investigated whether the combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with SAPs could improve angiogenesis in ischemic hindlimbs of rats compared to MSC or SAP treatment alone. The combination of MSCs and SAPs showed an overall higher expression of angiogenesis markers on fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis and a lower degree of fibrosis and cell apoptosis, which in turn led to an overall tendency for improved perfusion of the ischemic hindlimbs. Finally, SAPs also showed the ability to recruit endogenous host MSCs into the site of action, especially when modified to incorporate substance P as a functional motif, which when injected with exogenous MSCs, allowed for the dual presence of MSCs at the site of action. Overall, these results suggest that SAPs can be applied with stem cells to potentiate angiogenesis, with potential therapeutic application in vascular diseases.
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93
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Laterally confined growth of cells induces nuclear reprogramming in the absence of exogenous biochemical factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4741-E4750. [PMID: 29735717 PMCID: PMC6003522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714770115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a platform for reprogramming somatic cells with high efficiency in the absence of exogenous reprogramming factors. Sustained laterally confined growth of cells on micropatterned substrates results in sequential changes to the nucleus and chromatin with each cell division, leading to the progressive erasure of lineage specific characteristics and incorporation of pluripotency. After 10 days of confined growth, the cells exhibit stemness and have multilineage differentiation potential. Our observation highlights a previously unknown role of mechanical constraints in nuclear reprogramming. Our method provides a unique approach to greatly improve stem cell technologies for developing patient specific disease models and regenerative medicine. Cells in tissues undergo transdifferentiation programs when stimulated by specific mechanical and biochemical signals. While seminal studies have demonstrated that exogenous biochemical factors can reprogram somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, the critical roles played by mechanical signals in such reprogramming process have not been well documented. In this paper, we show that laterally confined growth of fibroblasts on micropatterned substrates induces nuclear reprogramming with high efficiency in the absence of any exogenous reprogramming factors. We provide compelling evidence on the induction of stem cell-like properties using alkaline phosphatase assays and expression of pluripotent markers. Early onset of reprogramming was accompanied with enhanced nuclear dynamics and changes in chromosome intermingling degrees, potentially facilitating rewiring of the genome. Time-lapse analysis of promoter occupancy by immunoprecipitation of H3K9Ac chromatin fragments revealed that epithelial, proliferative, and reprogramming gene promoters were progressively acetylated, while mesenchymal promoters were deacetylated by 10 days. Consistently, RNA sequencing analysis showed a systematic progression from mesenchymal to stem cell transcriptome, highlighting pathways involving mechanisms underlying nuclear reprogramming. We then demonstrated that these mechanically reprogrammed cells could be maintained as stem cells and can be redifferentiated into multiple lineages with high efficiency. Importantly, we also demonstrate the induction of cancer stemness properties in MCF7 cells grown in such laterally confined conditions. Collectively, our results highlight an important generic property of somatic cells that, when grown in laterally confined conditions, acquire stemness. Such mechanical reprogramming of somatic cells demonstrated here has important implications in tissue regeneration and disease models.
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94
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Chahal AS, Schweikle M, Heyward CA, Tiainen H. Attachment and spatial organisation of human mesenchymal stem cells on poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 84:46-53. [PMID: 29734041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strategies that enable hydrogel substrates to support cell attachment typically incorporate either entire extracellular matrix proteins or synthetic peptide fragments such as the RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) motif. Previous studies have carefully analysed how material characteristics can affect single cell morphologies. However, the influence of substrate stiffness and ligand presentation on the spatial organisation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have not yet been examined. In this study, we assessed how hMSCs organise themselves on soft (E = 7.4-11.2 kPa) and stiff (E = 27.3-36.8 kPa) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels with varying concentrations of RGD (0.05-2.5 mM). Our results indicate that hMSCs seeded on soft hydrogels clustered with reduced cell attachment and spreading area, irrespective of RGD concentration and isoform. On stiff hydrogels, in contrast, cells spread with high spatial coverage for RGD concentrations of 0.5 mM or higher. In conclusion, we identified that an interplay of hydrogel stiffness and the availability of cell attachment motifs are important factors in regulating hMSC organisation on PEG hydrogels. Understanding how cells initially interact and colonise the surface of this material is a fundamental prerequisite for the design of controlled platforms for tissue engineering and mechanobiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman S Chahal
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuel Schweikle
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Catherine A Heyward
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway.
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95
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Chen L, Hu H, Qiu W, Shi K, Kassem M. Actin depolymerization enhances adipogenic differentiation in human stromal stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 29:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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96
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Jedrusik N, Meyen C, Finkenzeller G, Stark GB, Meskath S, Schulz SD, Steinberg T, Eberwein P, Strassburg S, Tomakidi P. Nanofibered Gelatin-Based Nonwoven Elasticity Promotes Epithelial Histogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2018. [PMID: 29529354 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Regarding tissue regeneration, mechanics of biomaterials gains progressive importance. Therefore, this study reports on in situ crosslinked electrospun gelatin nonwoven mats (NWMs) whose distinct modulus of elasticity (ME) promotes epithelial tissue formation in a graded manner. NWMs, comprising fiber diameters in various distributions, yield an ME of about 2.1, 3.2, and 10.9 kPa. A two-step approach of preclinical in vitro validation identifies the elasticity of 3.2 kPa as superior to the other, regarding the histogenetic epithelial outcome. Hence, this 3.2 kPa candidate NWM is colonized with oral mucosal epithelial keratinocytes in the absence or presence of mesenchymal fibroblasts and/or endothelial cells. Evaluation of epithelial histogenesis at days 1 to 10 occurs by colorimetric and fluorescence-based immunohistochemistry (IHCH) of specific biomarkers. These include cytokeratins (CK) 14, CK1, and involucrin that indicate different stages of epithelial differentiation, as well as the basement membrane constituent collagen type IV and Ki-67 as a proliferation marker. Intriguingly, histogenesis and IHCH reveal the best resemblance of the native epithelium by the NWM alone, irrespective of other cell counterparts. These findings prove the gelatin NWM a convenient cell matrix, and evidence that NWM mechanics is important to promote epithelial histogenesis in view of prospective clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jedrusik
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christoph Meyen
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - G. Björn Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stephan Meskath
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Simon Daniel Schulz
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Philipp Eberwein
- Eye Center; Medical Center - University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology; Center for Dental Medicine; Medical Center-; University of Freiburg; Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
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97
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Keremidarska-Markova M, Radeva E, Mitev D, Hristova-Panusheva K, Paull B, Nesterenko P, Šepitka J, Junkar I, Iglič A, Krasteva N. Increased elastic modulus of plasma polymer coatings reinforced with detonation nanodiamond particles improves osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:195-203. [PMID: 30814881 PMCID: PMC6353295 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1711-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we demonstrated that composite PPHMDS/DND coatings with elastic moduli close to those of mature bone tissue (0.2-2.8 GPa) stimulated growth and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). Composite coatings were prepared by a method of plasma polymerization (PP) where detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles in different amounts (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) were added to hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) before plasma deposition. This method allows variation only in the reduced elastic modulus (Er´) with increase in the particle concentration, while the other surface properties, including surface wettability and topography, did not change. The response of hAD-MSCs to the increasing stifness showed an effect on adhesion and osteogenic differentiation but not on cell proliferation. Matrix mineralization and cell spreading were maximized on PPHMDS/DND coatings with the highest elastic modulus (2.826 GPa), while the differences in proliferation rates among the samples were negligible. In general, PPHMDS/DND coatings provide better conditions for growth and osteogenic differentiation of hAD-MSCs in comparison to glass coverslips, confirming their suitability for osteo-integration applications. Additionally, our findings support the hypothesis that biomaterials with elasticity similar to that of the native tissue can improve the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina Radeva
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Mitev
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Šepitka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ita Junkar
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
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98
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Park DY, Kim TH, Lee JM, Ahrberg CD, Chung BG. Circular-shaped microfluidic device to study the effect of shear stress on cellular orientation. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1816-1820. [PMID: 29659029 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of shear stress on mammalian cells is a crucial factor for understanding a number of biological processes and diseases. Here, we show the development of a circular-shaped microfluidic device for the facile generation of shear stress gradients. With this microfluidic device, the effect of shear stress on orientation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was studied. This microfluidic device, which enables to control the alignment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells within a microchannel, can be a valuable tool to mimic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
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99
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Wang Y, Li J, Qiu Y, Hu B, Chen J, Fu T, Zhou P, Song J. Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes periodontal ligament stem cell migration through TWIST1‑mediated SDF‑1 expression. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:322-330. [PMID: 29620151 PMCID: PMC5979833 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a non‑invasive therapeutic treatment for accelerating fracture healing. A previous study from our group demonstrated that LIPUS has the potential to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which LIPUS promotes periodontal tissue regeneration remains unknown. In the present study, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated from premolars. Flow cytometry and differentiation assays were used to characterize the isolated PDLSCs. LIPUS treatment was administered to PDLSCs, and stromal cell‑derived factor‑1 (SDF‑1) expression levels were examined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction with or without blocking the SDF‑1/C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) pathway with AMD3100. ELISA was used to evaluate SDF‑1 secretion in PDLSCs. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to assess the migration‑promoting effect of LIPUS. A potential upstream gene of SDF‑1, twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1), was silenced by small interfering (si) RNA transfection. The results demonstrated that LIPUS treatment promoted the expression of TWIST1 and SDF‑1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, LIPUS treatment enhanced the cell migration of PDLSCs. Knockdown of TWIST1 impaired the expression of SDF‑1 and the cell migration ability of PDLSCs. TWIST1 may be an upstream regulator of SDF‑1 in PDLSCs. Taken together, these findings indicate that the SDF1/CXCR4 signaling pathway is involved in LIPUS‑promoted PDLSC migration, which might be one of the mechanisms for LIPUS‑mediated periodontal regeneration. TWIST1 might be a mechanical stress sensor during mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunji Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Ye Qiu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, P.R. China
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100
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Three-Dimensional Graphene-RGD Peptide Nanoisland Composites That Enhance the Osteogenesis of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030669. [PMID: 29495519 PMCID: PMC5877530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene derivatives have immense potential in stem cell research. Here, we report a three-dimensional graphene/arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide nanoisland composite effective in guiding the osteogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). Amine-modified silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) were uniformly coated onto an indium tin oxide electrode (ITO), followed by graphene oxide (GO) encapsulation and electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles. A RGD–MAP–C peptide, with a triple-branched repeating RGD sequence and a terminal cysteine, was self-assembled onto the gold nanoparticles, generating the final three-dimensional graphene–RGD peptide nanoisland composite. We generated substrates with various gold nanoparticle–RGD peptide cluster densities, and found that the platform with the maximal number of clusters was most suitable for ADSC adhesion and spreading. Remarkably, the same platform was also highly efficient at guiding ADSC osteogenesis compared with other substrates, based on gene expression (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2), enzyme activity (ALP), and calcium deposition. ADSCs induced to differentiate into osteoblasts showed higher calcium accumulations after 14–21 days than when grown on typical GO-SiNP complexes, suggesting that the platform can accelerate ADSC osteoblastic differentiation. The results demonstrate that a three-dimensional graphene–RGD peptide nanoisland composite can efficiently derive osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells.
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