51
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Koshy RR, Reghunadhan A, Mary SK, Pillai PS, Joseph S, Pothen LA. pH indicator films fabricated from soy protein isolate modified with chitin nanowhisker and Clitoria ternatea flower extract. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:743-751. [PMID: 35497776 PMCID: PMC9046646 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensor films are finding wide range of applications. Different type of sensing films is fabricated for the identification of chemicals, ions, heavy metals, changes in the pH, etc. The present report is on the fabrication of pH sensitive films from completely natural sources-soy protein isolate, chitin nano whiskers and flower extract. The highly crystalline chitin nano whiskers (CNW) were extracted from prawn shell under neutral condition via steam explosion technique. Multifunctional Soy protein isolate (SPI) films were prepared by adding chitin nanowhisker and Clitoria ternatea flower extract and its effect on thermal, mechanical and moisture properties of SPI film was investigated. The isolated CNW presented a needle like morphology with a diameter of 10–50 nm and a crystallinity index of 99.67%. The extracted chitin nanowhisker was used to prepare biodegradable films with soy protein isolate immobilized with anthocyanin from Clitoria ternatea flower extract. The prepared Soy protein -chitin nanowhisker films was found to have a tensile strength of about 15.45 ± 0.97 MPa with 8% chitin nanowhisker addition. The addition of CTE was found to decrease the tensile strength of SPI-CNW film but was found to make the film pH sensitive. The developed indicator film showed visible color changes in acidic and basic medium and hence can be used to monitor the freshness of food materials. Thin films were fabricated from soy protein isolate, chitin and anthocyanin. Packaging films from fully greener and bio origin. pH sensing smart films. Easy to fabricate and handle. Superior mechanical properties and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Rose Koshy
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690101, Kerala, India
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, CMS College, Kottayam, 686001, Kerala, India
| | - Arunima Reghunadhan
- Department of Chemistry, TKM College of Engineering, Karicode, Kollam, Kerala, 691005, India
| | - Siji K. Mary
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, 690101, Kerala, India
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, CMS College, Kottayam, 686001, Kerala, India
| | | | - Seno Joseph
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, CMS College, Kottayam, 686001, Kerala, India
| | - Laly A. Pothen
- Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, CMS College, Kottayam, 686001, Kerala, India
- International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam, India
- Corresponding author. Postgraduate and Research Department of Chemistry, CMS College, Kottayam, 686001, Kerala, India.
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52
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Contributions of Women in Recent Research on Biopolymer Science. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071420. [PMID: 35406293 PMCID: PMC9003506 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, biopolymers are playing a fundamental role in our society because of the environmental issues and concerns associated with synthetic polymers. The aim of this Special Issue entitled ‘Women in Polymer Science and Technology: Biopolymers’ is highlighting the work designed and developed by women on biopolymer science and technology. In this context, this short review aims to provide an introduction to this Special Issue by highlighting some recent contributions of women around the world on the particular topic of biopolymer science and technology during the last 20 years. In the first place, it highlights a selection of important works performed on a number of well-studied natural polymers, namely, agar, chitin, chitosan, cellulose, and collagen. Secondly, it gives an insight into the discovery of new polysaccharides and enzymes that have a role in their synthesis and in their degradation. These contributions will be paving the way for the next generation of female and male scientists on this topic.
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53
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Moustafa H, Darwish NA, Youssef AM. Rational formulations of sustainable polyurethane/chitin/rosin composites reinforced with ZnO-doped-SiO 2 nanoparticles for green packaging applications. Food Chem 2022; 371:131193. [PMID: 34649200 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide chitin (CH) was modified by antimicrobial natural gum rosin as a biocompatible agent within the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer to form the TPU/CH composite. This blend was then mixed with different ratios of ZnO-doped-SiO2 nanoparticles (ZnO-SiO2-NPs) to chelate chitin and to improve the properties of TPU nanocomposites. The topology and surface roughness of chitin and nanoparticles within the TPU matrix, besides their effect on the crystallinity degree of TPU were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TPU nanocomposites are subjected to different measurements such as mechanical, thermal, hydrophobicity, flammability, water vapor, and oxygen barrier properties, as well as antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the major properties were improved when the nanoparticles were added, especially at 5 wt%. Furthermore, the TPU/CH blend reinforced with high contents of NPs (i.e., 5-7 wt%) exhibited efficient antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and, pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Moustafa
- Polymer Metrology & Technology Department, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa Street, El Haram, P.O Box 136, Giza 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nabila A Darwish
- Polymer Metrology & Technology Department, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Tersa Street, El Haram, P.O Box 136, Giza 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
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54
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Ogawa Y, Putaux JL. Recent Advances in Electron Microscopy of Carbohydrate Nanoparticles. Front Chem 2022; 10:835663. [PMID: 35242740 PMCID: PMC8886399 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.835663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate nanoparticles, both naturally derived and synthetic ones, have attracted scientific and industrial attention as high-performance renewable building blocks of functional materials. Electron microscopy (EM) has played a central role in investigations of their morphology and molecular structure, although the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of carbohydrate crystals has often hindered the in-depth characterization with EM techniques. This contribution reviews the recent advances in the electron microscopy of the carbohydrate nanoparticles. In particular, we highlight the recent efforts made to understand the three-dimensional shape and structural heterogeneity of nanoparticles using low-dose electron tomography and electron diffraction techniques coupled with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ogawa
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
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55
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A review of recent advances in starch-based materials: Bionanocomposites, pH sensitive films, aerogels and carbon dots. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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56
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Sang S, Cheng R, Cao Y, Yan Y, Shen Z, Zhao Y, Han Y. Biocompatible chitosan/polyethylene glycol/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:58-73. [PMID: 35029088 PMCID: PMC8758934 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) composite materials are very attractive for use in neural tissue engineering and biosensor coatings. CNT scaffolds are excellent mimics of extracellular matrix due to their hydrophilicity, viscosity, and biocompatibility. CNTs can also impart conductivity to other insulating materials, improve mechanical stability, guide neuronal cell behavior, and trigger axon regeneration. The performance of chitosan (CS)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite scaffolds could be optimized by introducing multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). CS/PEG/CNT composite scaffolds with CNT content of 1%, 3%, and 5% (1%=0.01 g/mL) were prepared by freeze-drying. Their physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the composite scaffolds had a highly connected porous structure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy proved that the CNTs were well dispersed in the CS/PEG matrix and combined with the CS/PEG nanofiber bundles. MWCNTs enhanced the elastic modulus of the scaffold. The porosity of the scaffolds ranged from 83% to 96%. They reached a stable water swelling state within 24 h, and swelling decreased with increasing MWCNT concentration. The electrical conductivity and cell adhesion rate of the scaffolds increased with increasing MWCNT content. Immunofluorescence showed that rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells grown in the scaffolds had characteristics similar to nerve cells. We measured changes in the expression of nerve cell markers by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and found that PC12 cells cultured in the scaffolds expressed growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), and class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) proteins. Preliminary research showed that the prepared CS/PEG/CNT scaffold has good biocompatibility and can be further applied to neural tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Rong Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Yayun Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Six-Dimensional Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Research Institute, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yanqing Han
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan 030024, China
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57
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Li C, Wu J, Shi H, Xia Z, Sahoo JK, Yeo J, Kaplan DL. Fiber-Based Biopolymer Processing as a Route toward Sustainability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105196. [PMID: 34647374 PMCID: PMC8741650 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most abundant biomass on earth is sequestered in fibrous biopolymers like cellulose, chitin, and silk. These types of natural materials offer unique and striking mechanical and functional features that have driven strong interest in their utility for a range of applications, while also matching environmental sustainability needs. However, these material systems are challenging to process in cost-competitive ways to compete with synthetic plastics due to the limited options for thermal processing. This results in the dominance of solution-based processing for fibrous biopolymers, which presents challenges for scaling, cost, and consistency in outcomes. However, new opportunities to utilize thermal processing with these types of biopolymers, as well as fibrillation approaches, can drive renewed opportunities to bridge this gap between synthetic plastic processing and fibrous biopolymers, while also holding sustainability goals as critical to long-term successful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Haoyuan Shi
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhiyu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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58
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Vijayakumar R, Sivaraman Y, Pavagada Siddappa KM, Dandu JPR. Synthesis of lignin nanoparticles employing acid precipitation method and its application to enhance the mechanical, UV-barrier and antioxidant properties of chitosan films. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.2016305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Vijayakumar
- Food Packaging Technology Department, Polymer Materials Lab, CSIR – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Yamini Sivaraman
- Food Packaging Technology Department, Polymer Materials Lab, CSIR – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Keshava Murthy Pavagada Siddappa
- Food Packaging Technology Department, Polymer Materials Lab, CSIR – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Jeevan Prasad Reddy Dandu
- Food Packaging Technology Department, Polymer Materials Lab, CSIR – Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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59
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Sakurai Y, Sawada T, Serizawa T. Phosphorylase-catalyzed synthesis and self-assembled structures of cellulose oligomers in the presence of protein denaturants. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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60
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Facchinatto WM, Dos Santos DM, de Lacerda Bukzem A, Moraes TB, Habitzreuter F, de Azevedo ER, Colnago LA, Campana-Filho SP. Insight into morphological, physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of β-chitin nanocrystalline structures. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118563. [PMID: 34560974 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We systematically investigated the effect of β-chitin (BCH) particle size on the preparation of nanocrystals/nanowhiskers (CWH) by acid hydrolysis. Regardless this variable, CWH aqueous suspension exhibited outstanding stability and the average degree of acetylation remained nearly constant after the acid treatment. In contrast, the morphology, dimensions, crystallinity, and molecular weight of CHW were significantly affect by the particle size. Although needle-like crystals have predominated, BCH particles sizes significantly affected the dimensions and asymmetry of CWH, as confirmed by the rheological and NMR relaxation (T2) behaviors. According to different SSNMR approaches, the acid hydrolysis meaningless affected the local chain conformation, while the spatial freedom of BCH intersheets, rated upon the mobility of methyl segments, was taken as evidence of higher permeability of acid into small particle sizes. Thus, this study demonstrated the importance of standardizing the surface/bulk proportions of β-chitin aiming to predict and control the CWH morphology and related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marcondes Facchinatto
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador sao-carlense 400, Zip Code 13560-590, PO Box 780, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danilo Martins Dos Santos
- Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, Zip Code 13560-970, PO Box 741, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea de Lacerda Bukzem
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador sao-carlense 400, Zip Code 13560-590, PO Box 780, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bueno Moraes
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Zip Code 31270-901, PO Box 702, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Filipe Habitzreuter
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador sao-carlense 400, Zip Code 13560-590, PO Box 780, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ribeiro de Azevedo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, Zip Code 13560-590, PO Box 369, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Colnago
- Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Embrapa Instrumentation, Rua XV de Novembro 1452, Zip Code 13560-970, PO Box 741, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Paulo Campana-Filho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador sao-carlense 400, Zip Code 13560-590, PO Box 780, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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61
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Green electrospinning of chitin propionate to manufacture nanofiber mats. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118593. [PMID: 34560994 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose in nature, and it is currently under-utilized partially because of its insolubility in common solvents. Herein, chitin was propionylated to improve its dissolution in green solvents, i.e., ethanol and water, and manufactured nanofibers and nonwoven mats via electrospinning with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a co-spinning aid. Polymer solution viscosity, electrospun CP/PEO fiber morphology, mechanical, thermal, dynamic thermal, and surface contact angle of nanofiber mats were evaluated. Results showed that fibers with CP content up to 97% could be produced. The electrospun CP/PEO nanofiber mats exhibited good mechanical strength, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity with water contact angles up to 133°. Filtration test of separating carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes from water demonstrated the potential use of the CP/PEO nanofiber mats in fluid filtration of fibrous pollutants.
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62
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Rigg A, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Polysaccharide-Based Nanoparticles as Pickering Emulsifiers in Emulsion Formulations and Heterogenous Polymerization Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100493. [PMID: 34841604 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based Pickering emulsifiers are a nontoxic alternative to surfactants in emulsion formulations and heterogenous polymerizations. Recent demand for biocompatible and sustainable formulations has accelerated academic interest in polysaccharide-based nanoparticles as Pickering emulsifiers. Despite the environmental advantages, the inherent hydrophilicity of polysaccharides and their nanoparticles limits efficiency and application range. Modification of the polysaccharide surface is often required in the development of ultrastable, functional, and water-in-oil (W/O) systems. Complex surface modification calls into question the sustainability of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles and is identified as a significant barrier to commercialization. This review summarizes the use of nanocelluloses, -starches, and -chitins as Pickering emulsifiers, highlights trends and best practices in surface modification, and provides recommendations to expedite commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rigg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 19 Division Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Quebec City, Quebec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Michael F Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 19 Division Street, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, 90 Bader Lane, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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63
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Tardy BL, Mattos BD, Otoni CG, Beaumont M, Majoinen J, Kämäräinen T, Rojas OJ. Deconstruction and Reassembly of Renewable Polymers and Biocolloids into Next Generation Structured Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14088-14188. [PMID: 34415732 PMCID: PMC8630709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the most recent developments in supramolecular and supraparticle structures obtained from natural, renewable biopolymers as well as their disassembly and reassembly into engineered materials. We introduce the main interactions that control bottom-up synthesis and top-down design at different length scales, highlighting the promise of natural biopolymers and associated building blocks. The latter have become main actors in the recent surge of the scientific and patent literature related to the subject. Such developments make prominent use of multicomponent and hierarchical polymeric assemblies and structures that contain polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and others), polyphenols (lignins, tannins), and proteins (soy, whey, silk, and other proteins). We offer a comprehensive discussion about the interactions that exist in their native architectures (including multicomponent and composite forms), the chemical modification of polysaccharides and their deconstruction into high axial aspect nanofibers and nanorods. We reflect on the availability and suitability of the latter types of building blocks to enable superstructures and colloidal associations. As far as processing, we describe the most relevant transitions, from the solution to the gel state and the routes that can be used to arrive to consolidated materials with prescribed properties. We highlight the implementation of supramolecular and superstructures in different technological fields that exploit the synergies exhibited by renewable polymers and biocolloids integrated in structured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Bruno D. Mattos
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Caio G. Otoni
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Federal University
of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marco Beaumont
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George
Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Johanna Majoinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tero Kämäräinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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64
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Liu L, Liu Y, Ma H, Xu J, Fan Y, Yong Q. TEMPO-oxidized nanochitin based hydrogels and inter-structure tunable cryogels prepared by sequential chemical and physical crosslinking. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118495. [PMID: 34420750 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Well dispersibility of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized nanochitins under alkaline conditions supports the effective chemical crosslinking between nanochitin and epichlorohydrin. The storage modulus of nanochitin hydrogels can be promoted by approximately 10 times as the nanochitin-to-epichlorohydrin mass ratio changes from 4:1 (120 Pa) to 1:4 (1200 Pa). Besides the enhanced mechanical property of hydrogels, the inter-structure of resulting cryogels is found controllable. With increasing epichlorohydrin dosage, the inter-structure of cryogels transforms from a typical fiber-like to honeycomb-like texture. The balance between chemical crosslinking effect and electrostatic repulsion between nanochitins is believed to result this controllable inter-structure. Further immersing into acetic acid solution can greatly enhance the mechanical strength of nanochitin hydrogels due to the introduction of physical crosslinking domains by shielding the electrostatic repulsion, the storage modulus becomes two times higher after immersing in 50% (w/w) acetic acid solution, while the surface area of nanochitin cryogels decreases due to the denser structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huazhong Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Junhua Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
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65
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Li R, Zheng F, Rao P, Luo J, Du Y, Jia C, Li J, Deng P, Shen Y, Tian X. Synthesis of Iron and Phosphorous‐Embedded Nitrogen‐Containing Porous Carbon as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Microbial Fuel Cells. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Fengyi Zheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Peng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Junming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Yanlian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Chunman Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Peilin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Yijun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Xinlong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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66
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Preparation and properties of micro- and nanocomposites composed of a water-soluble nylon and aramid fibers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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67
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Osada M, Nishiwaki M, Watanabe T. Environment-friendly utilization of squid pen with water: Production of β-chitin nanofibers and peptides for lowering blood pressure. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:921-929. [PMID: 34478794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chitin, an abundant biopolymer on Earth, represents a resource for sustainable functional materials. However, traditional β-chitin production methods involve alkaline treatment at approximately 90 °C for its separation from the protein, thus not suitable as a functional peptide, as it is mixed with an alkaline aqueous solution. This study examined the conversion of squid pen into solid β-chitin and water-soluble peptides using only water at temperatures of 150-250 °C for 30-120 min. Solid β-chitin was converted to its nanofiber form and the physicochemical properties of the β-chitin nanofibers were almost the same as those produced by the traditional method. Because this method uses only water, the protein in the squid pen may also be a functional peptide for lowering blood pressure, by inhibiting the Angiotensin-1 converting enzyme. High-temperature water treatment is a promising environment-friendly technique for complete utilization of squid pen components, including β-chitin and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsumasa Osada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Nishiwaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Ichinoseki, Iwate 021-8511, Japan
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68
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Hashiguchi T, Yamamoto K, Kadokawa JI. Fabrication of highly flexible nanochitin film and its composite film with anionic polysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 270:118369. [PMID: 34364614 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the fabrication of a nanochitin film via the aggregation of scaled-down chitin nanofibers (SD-ChNFs). A self-assembled ChNF film, which was prepared by regeneration from a chitin/ionic liquid ion gel using methanol, followed by filtration, was treated with aqueous NaOH for deacetylation and subsequently disintegrated by cationization and electrostatic repulsion in 1.0 mol/L aqueous acetic acid with ultrasonication to give a SD-ChNF dispersion. Isolation of the SD-ChNFs via filtration of the dispersion resulted in a highly flexible self-assembled ChNF film that bent and twisted easily. The film exhibited superior mechanical properties compared to the parent self-assembled ChNF film, where the flexibility was further enhanced by the compositing the SD-ChNFs with an anionic polysaccharide, namely ι-carrageenan, via multi-point ionic cross-linking. These enhanced mechanical properties and efficient compositing properties were attributed to the scaling down of the ChNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hashiguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kadokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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69
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Kadokawa JI. Preparation of Composite Materials from Self-Assembled Chitin Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203548. [PMID: 34685305 PMCID: PMC8538764 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chitin is a representative abundant polysaccharide, it is mostly unutilized as a material source because of its poor solubility and processability. Certain specific properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability, make nanofibrillation an efficient approach for providing chitin-based functional nanomaterials. The composition of nanochitins with other polymeric components has been efficiently conducted at the nanoscale to fabricate nanostructured composite materials. Disentanglement of chitin microfibrils in natural sources upon the top-down approach and regeneration from the chitin solutions/gels with appropriate media, such as hexafluoro-2-propanol, LiCl/N, N-dimethylacetamide, and ionic liquids, have, according to the self-assembling bottom-up process, been representatively conducted to fabricate nanochitins. Compared with the former approach, the latter one has emerged only in the last one-and-a-half decade. This short review article presents the preparation of composite materials from the self-assembled chitin nanofibers combined with other polymeric substrates through regenerative processes based on the bottom-up approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kadokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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70
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Otoni CG, Azeredo HMC, Mattos BD, Beaumont M, Correa DS, Rojas OJ. The Food-Materials Nexus: Next Generation Bioplastics and Advanced Materials from Agri-Food Residues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102520. [PMID: 34510571 PMCID: PMC11468898 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The most recent strategies available for upcycling agri-food losses and waste (FLW) into functional bioplastics and advanced materials are reviewed and the valorization of food residuals are put in perspective, adding to the water-food-energy nexus. Low value or underutilized biomass, biocolloids, water-soluble biopolymers, polymerizable monomers, and nutrients are introduced as feasible building blocks for biotechnological conversion into bioplastics. The latter are demonstrated for their incorporation in multifunctional packaging, biomedical devices, sensors, actuators, and energy conversion and storage devices, contributing to the valorization efforts within the future circular bioeconomy. Strategies are introduced to effectively synthesize, deconstruct and reassemble or engineer FLW-derived monomeric, polymeric, and colloidal building blocks. Multifunctional bioplastics are introduced considering the structural, chemical, physical as well as the accessibility of FLW precursors. Processing techniques are analyzed within the fields of polymer chemistry and physics. The prospects of FLW streams and biomass surplus, considering their availability, interactions with water and thermal stability, are critically discussed in a near-future scenario that is expected to lead to next-generation bioplastics and advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio G. Otoni
- Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa)Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)Rod. Washington Luiz, km 235São CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Henriette M. C. Azeredo
- Embrapa Agroindústria TropicalRua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270FortalezaCE60511‐110Brazil
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA)Embrapa InstrumentaçãoRua XV de Novembro 1452São CarlosSP13560‐970Brazil
| | - Bruno D. Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsSchool of Chemical EngineeringAalto UniversityP.O. Box 16300, AaltoEspooFIN‐00076Finland
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna (BOKU), Konrad‐Lorenz‐Str. 24TullnA‐3430Austria
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA)Embrapa InstrumentaçãoRua XV de Novembro 1452São CarlosSP13560‐970Brazil
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsSchool of Chemical EngineeringAalto UniversityP.O. Box 16300, AaltoEspooFIN‐00076Finland
- Bioproducts InstituteDepartments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood ScienceThe University of British Columbia2360 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z3Canada
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71
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Colijn I, Fokkink R, Schroën K. Quantification of energy input required for chitin nanocrystal aggregate size reduction through ultrasound. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17217. [PMID: 34446774 PMCID: PMC8390482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been claimed to contribute efficiently to e.g. the mechanical strength of composite materials when present as individual particles. However, these particles tend to aggregate. In this paper we prepare nanocrystals from chitin, a product with high potential added value for application in bio-based materials, and investigate the effect of ultrasound on de-aggregation. Chitin nanocrystals with a length ~ 200 nm and a diameter ~ 15 nm, were obtained via acid hydrolysis of crude chitin powder. Freeze drying resulted in severe aggregation and after redispersion sizes up to ~ 200 µm were found. Ultrasound treatment was applied and break up behaviour was investigated using static light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and laser diffraction. Our results suggest that the cumulative energy input was the dominant factor for chitin nanocrystal aggregate breakup. When a critical energy barrier of ~ 100 kJ/g chitin nanocrystals was exceeded, the chitin nanocrystal aggregates broke down to nanometre range. The break up was mostly a result of fragmentation: the aggregation energy of chitin nanocrystal aggregates was quantified to be ~ 370 kJ/g chitin nanocrystals and we hypothesize that mainly van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are responsible for aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Colijn
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research, Food Process Engineering Group, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Fokkink
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research, Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter Group, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wagningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Schroën
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University and Research, Food Process Engineering Group, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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72
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Sivanesan I, Gopal J, Muthu M, Shin J, Oh JW. Reviewing Chitin/Chitosan Nanofibers and Associated Nanocomposites and Their Attained Medical Milestones. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2330. [PMID: 34301087 PMCID: PMC8309474 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin/chitosan research is an expanding field with wide scope within polymer research. This topic is highly inviting as chitin/chitosan's are natural biopolymers that can be recovered from food waste and hold high potentials for medical applications. This review gives a brief overview of the chitin/chitosan based nanomaterials, their preparation methods and their biomedical applications. Chitin nanofibers and Chitosan nanofibers have been reviewed, their fabrication methods presented and their biomedical applications summarized. The chitin/chitosan based nanocomposites have also been discussed. Chitin and chitosan nanofibers and their binary and ternary composites are represented by scattered superficial reports. Delving deep into synergistic approaches, bringing up novel chitin/chitosan nanocomposites, could help diligently deliver medical expectations. This review highlights such lacunae and further lapses in chitin related inputs towards medical applications. The grey areas and future outlook for aligning chitin/chitosan nanofiber research are outlined as research directions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
| | - Judy Gopal
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet 603 401, Tamil Nadu, India; (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet 603 401, Tamil Nadu, India; (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea;
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73
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Shanmugam V, Babu K, Garrison TF, Capezza AJ, Olsson RT, Ramakrishna S, Hedenqvist MS, Singha S, Bartoli M, Giorcelli M, Sas G, Försth M, Das O, Restás Á, Berto F. Potential natural polymer-based nanofibres for the development of facemasks in countering viral outbreaks. J Appl Polym Sci 2021; 138:50658. [PMID: 34149062 PMCID: PMC8206777 DOI: 10.1002/app.50658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly increased the demand for facemasks as a measure to reduce the rapid spread of the pathogen. Throughout the pandemic, some countries such as Italy had a monthly demand of ca. 90 million facemasks. Domestic mask manufacturers are capable of manufacturing 8 million masks each week, although the demand was 40 million per week during March 2020. This dramatic increase has contributed to a spike in the generation of facemask waste. Facemasks are often manufactured with synthetic materials that are non-biodegradable, and their increased usage and improper disposal are raising environmental concerns. Consequently, there is a strong interest for developing biodegradable facemasks made with for example, renewable nanofibres. A range of natural polymer-based nanofibres has been studied for their potential to be used in air filter applications. This review article examines potential natural polymer-based nanofibres along with their filtration and antimicrobial capabilities for developing biodegradable facemask that will promote a cleaner production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Shanmugam
- Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringSaveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Karthik Babu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCenturion University of Technology and ManagementSitapurOdishaIndia
| | - Thomas F. Garrison
- Chemistry DepartmentKing Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia
| | - Antonio J. Capezza
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Landscape ArchitectureHorticulture and Crop Production Science, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Richard T. Olsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringCenter for Nanofibres and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
| | - Shuvra Singha
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of applied science and technology (DISAT)Politecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Mauro Giorcelli
- Department of applied science and technology (DISAT)Politecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
- Department of applied science and technology (DISAT)Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)TorinoItaly
| | - Gabriel Sas
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSweden
| | - Michael Försth
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSweden
| | - Oisik Das
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSweden
| | - Ágoston Restás
- Department of Fire Protection and Rescue ControlNational University of Public ServiceBudapestHungary
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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74
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Zhang S, He J, Xiong S, Xiao Q, Xiao Y, Ding F, Ji H, Yang Z, Li Z. Construction and Nanostructure of Chitosan/Nanocellulose Hybrid Aerogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3216-3222. [PMID: 34260205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biomass aerogels have received extensive attention due to their unique natural characteristics. However, biomass-based chitosan aerogels are often confronted with the traditional issue concerning a weak skeleton structure, namely, the corresponding huge shrinkage for chitosan aerogels in the stage from the final gel to the aerogel. Herein, we put forward a new approach to enhance chitosan aerogels by introducing natural biomaterial cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). CNC is applied to connect/cross-link chitosan chains to form its networking construction through supramolecular interaction/physical entanglement, eventually realizing the enhancement of the chitosan aerogel network structure. Chitosan aerogels modified with CNC exhibit a high specific surface area of 578.43 cm2 g-1, and the pore size distribution is in the range of 20-60 nm, which is smaller than the mean free path of gas molecules (69 nm), triggering a "no convection" effect. Hence, the gaseous heat transfer of chitosan aerogel is effectively suppressed. Chitosan aerogels with the addition of CNC show an excellent thermal insulation property (0.0272 W m-1 K-1 at ambient condition) and an enhanced compressive strength (0.13 MPa at a strain of 3%). This improvement method of chitosan aerogel in enhancing the skeleton structure aspect provides a new kind of idea for strengthening the nanoscale morphology structure of biomass aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhao Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Junpeng He
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Shixian Xiong
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yunyun Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Feng Ding
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hui Ji
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhouyuan Yang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zhengquan Li
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, PR China
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75
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Choy S, Bui HT, Van Lam D, Lee SM, Kim W, Hwang DS. Photocatalytic exoskeleton: Chitin nanofiber for retrievable and sustainable TiO 2 carriers for the decomposition of various pollutants. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 271:118413. [PMID: 34364555 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Loading a photocatalytic TiO2 to organic carriers has been desired for volumetric TiO2 incorporation, facile retrieval, and sustainable utilization. Traditionally, suspended TiO2 nanoparticles or its thin film on two-dimensional substrate are popularly fabricated for pollutants decomposition without carriers; due to poor thermomechanical properties of the organic carriers. Herein, a combination of the chitin nanofiber carrier and atomic layer deposition proves relevance for formation of anatase TiO2 thin layer so that photocatalytic decomposition in three-dimensional surface. Moreover, chitin nanofiber is capable of holding the TiO2 nanoparticles for multiple cycles of photocatalysis. Those types of TiO2 show characteristic degradation performance for gaseous (acetaldehyde) and aqueous pollutants (4-chlorophenol and rhodamine B). After catalytic reaction, chitin/TiO2 is retrievable owing to carrier's robustness even in water without TiO2 aggregation and loss. This work suggests that chitin-based photocatalyst is applicable to numerous pollutants through chitin's relatively high chemical resistance and stably wedged TiO2 during photocatalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Choy
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang Tran Bui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering College of Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Van Lam
- Department of Nanomechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea; Nano Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Lee
- Department of Nanomechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea; Nano Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyul Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering College of Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University International Campus I-CREATE, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
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76
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Chen YM, Pekdemir S, Bilican I, Koc-Bilican B, Cakmak B, Ali A, Zang LS, Onses MS, Kaya M. Production of natural chitin film from pupal shell of moth: Fabrication of plasmonic surfaces for SERS-based sensing applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 262:117909. [PMID: 33838796 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available types of chitin or chitin isolate are usually in powder form and are nanofibrous in microstructure. However, the surface characteristics of natural chitin in the body of insects are currently understudied. Herein, natural chitin film was successfully produced from bio-waste of insect pupae of the Japanese giant silkworm. Two different surface morphologies of the chitin film were observed. We report for the first time a micropapillary surface structure of chitin which was observed on the dorsal side of the film. To further potential of the micropapillary structured natural chitin in sensing applications, we develop a protocol for generating a nanoscopic film of Ag using thermal evaporation. The Ag-deposited natural chitin films exhibited surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity to an extent depending on the structure of the film. In conclusion, materials science has been expanded by addition of a natural, three-dimensional chitin film with utilizable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Sami Pekdemir
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bilican
- Department of Electronics and Automation, Technical Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey; Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Aksaray University, Aksaray, 68100, Turkey; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Behlul Koc-Bilican
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Betul Cakmak
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - M Serdar Onses
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey; UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey.
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77
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Preparation of Nanochitin/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Pickering Emulsion Polymerization Using Scaled-Down Chitin Nanofibers. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene using scaled-down chitin nanofibers (SD-ChNFs) as stabilizers to produce nanochitin/polystyrene composite particles. Prior to emulsion polymerization, an SD-ChNF aqueous dispersion was prepared by disintegrating bundles of the parent ChNFs with an upper hierarchical scale in aqueous acetic acid through ultrasonication. After styrene was added to the resulting dispersions, the mixtures at the desired weight ratios (SD-ChNFs to styrene = 0.1:1–1.4:1) were ultrasonicated to produce Pickering emulsions. Radical polymerization was then conducted in the presence of potassium persulfate as an initiator in the resulting emulsions to fabricate the composite particles. The results show that their average diameters decreased to a minimum of 84 nm as the weight ratios of SD-ChNFs to styrene increased. The IR and 1H-NMR spectra of the composite particle supported the presence of both chitin and polystyrene in the material.
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78
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Zhou N, Yang P, Chen J, Wei G, Wang C, Zhang A, Chen K, Ouyang P. Effect of organic solvents treatment on structure of chitin and its enzymatic hydrolysis. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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79
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Abstract
Chitin and its derivatives are attracting great interest in cosmetic and cosmeceutical fields, thanks to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, as well as their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The classical source of chitin, crustacean waste, is no longer sustainable and fungi, a possible alternative, have not been exploited at an industrial scale yet. On the contrary, the breeding of bioconverting insects, especially of the Diptera Hermetia illucens, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Therefore, their exoskeletons, consisting of chitin as a major component, represent a waste stream of facilities that could be exploited for many applications. Insect chitin, indeed, suggests its application in the same fields as the crustacean biopolymer, because of its comparable commercial characteristics. This review reports several cosmetic and cosmeceutical applications based on chitin and its derivatives. In this context, chitin nanofibers and nanofibrils, produced from crustacean waste, have proved to be excellent cosmeceutical active compounds and carriers of active ingredients in personal care. Consequently, the insect-based chitin, its derivatives and their complexes with hyaluronic acid and lignin, as well as with other chitin-derived compounds, may be considered a new appropriate potential polymer to be used in cosmetic and cosmeceutical fields.
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80
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Al Rai A, Yanilmaz M. High-performance nanostructured bio-based carbon electrodes for energy storage applications. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:5169-5218. [PMID: 33897123 PMCID: PMC8053374 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-03881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon precursor is a well-established and researched material for electrodes in energy storage applications due to its good physical properties and excellent electrochemical performance. However, in the fight of preserving the environment and pioneering renewable energy sources, environmentally sustainable carbon precursors with superior electrochemical performance are needed. Therefore, bio-based materials are excellent candidates to replace PAN as a carbon precursor. Depending on the design requirement (e.g. carbon morphology, doping level, specific surface area, pore size and volume, and electrochemical performance), the appropriate selection of carbon precursors can be made from a variety of biomass and biowaste materials. This review provides a summary and discussion on the preparation and characterization of the emerging and recent bio-based carbon precursors that can be used as electrodes in energy storage applications. The review is outlined based on the morphology of nanostructures and the precursor's type. Furthermore, the review discusses and summarizes the excellent electrochemical performance of these recent carbon precursors in storage energy applications. Finally, a summary and outlook are also given. All this together portrays the promising role of bio-based carbon electrodes in energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Al Rai
- Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469 Turkey
| | - Meltem Yanilmaz
- Nano Science and Nano Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469 Turkey
- Textile Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, 34469 Turkey
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81
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Shibakami M. Nanofibers made from acetylparamylons by a soaking method. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Development and Characterization of Weft-Knitted Fabrics of Naturally Occurring Polymer Fibers for Sustainable and Functional Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040665. [PMID: 33672322 PMCID: PMC7926964 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the potential uses in textiles of fibers of soy protein (SP) and chitin, which are naturally occurring polymers that can be obtained from agricultural and food processing by-products and wastes. The as-received natural fibers were first subjected to a three-step manufacturing process to develop yarns that were, thereafter, converted into fabrics by weft knitting. Different characterizations in terms of physical properties and comfort parameters were carried out on the natural fibers and compared to waste derived fibers of coir and also conventional cotton and cotton-based fibers, which are widely used in the textile industry. The evaluation of the geometry and mechanical properties revealed that both SP and chitin fibers showed similar fineness and tenacity values than cotton, whereas coir did not achieve the expected properties to develop fabrics. In relation to the moisture content, it was found that the SP fibers outperformed the other natural fibers, which could successfully avoid variations in the mechanical performance of their fabrics as well as impair the growth of microorganisms. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the natural fibers was assessed against different bacteria and fungi that are typically found on the skin. The obtained results indicated that the fibers of chitin and also SP, being the latter functionalized with biocides during the fiber-formation process, showed a high antimicrobial activity. In particular, reductions of up to 100% and 60% were attained for the bacteria and fungi strains, respectively. Finally, textile comfort was evaluated on the weft-knitted fabrics of the chitin and SP fibers by means of thermal and tactile tests. The comfort analysis indicated that the thermal resistance of both fabrics was similar to that of cotton, whereas their air permeability was higher, particularly for chitin due to its higher fineness, which makes these natural fibers very promising for summer clothes. Both the SP and chitin fabrics also presented relatively similar values of fullness and softness than the pure cotton fabric in terms of body feeling and richness. However, the cotton/polyester fabric was the only one that achieved a good range for uses in winter-autumn cloths. Therefore, the results of this work demonstrate that non-conventional chitin and SP fibers can be considered as potential candidates to replace cotton fibers in fabrics for the textile industry due to their high comfort and improved sustainability. Furthermore, these natural fibers can also serve to develop novel functional textiles with antimicrobial properties.
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83
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Bai L, Li Q, Yang Y, Ling S, Yu H, Liu S, Li J, Chen W. Biopolymer Nanofibers for Nanogenerator Development. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:1843061. [PMID: 33709081 PMCID: PMC7926511 DOI: 10.34133/2021/1843061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanogenerators (NGs) with optimal performances and functionalities requires more novel materials. Over the past decade, biopolymer nanofibers (BPNFs) have become critical sustainable building blocks in energy-related fields because they have distinctive nanostructures and properties and can be obtained from abundant and renewable resources. This review summarizes recent advances in the use of BPNFs for NG development. We will begin by introducing various strategies for fabricating BPNFs with diverse structures and performances. Then, we will systematically present the utilization of polysaccharide and protein nanofibers for NGs. We will mainly focus on the use of BPNFs to generate bulk materials with tailored structures and properties for assembling of triboelectric and piezoelectric NGs. The use of BPNFs to construct NGs for the generation of electricity from moisture and osmosis is also discussed. Finally, we illustrate our personal perspectives on several issues that require special attention with regard to future developments in this active field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ya Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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84
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Chen R, Huang WC, Wang W, Mao X. Characterization of TEMPO-oxidized chitin nanofibers with various oxidation times and its application as an enzyme immobilization support. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:85-93. [PMID: 37073388 PMCID: PMC10064359 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-020-00054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers have recently received increased attention and are considered to be a promising material for a wide range of applications because of their excellent characteristics. In this study, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized chitin nanofibers (CNFs) with various oxidation times were prepared and characterized. CNFs with different oxidation times were then utilized for enzyme immobilization, using chymotrypsin as a model enzyme. The effects of oxidation time on enzyme immobilization were explored. Results showed characteristics of chitin nanofibers can be controlled by adjusting oxidation time. CNFs treated with TEMPO for 360 min showed the lowest crystallinity (79.13 ± 1.43%), the shortest length (241.70 ± 74.61 nm), the largest width (12.67 ± 3.43 nm), and the highest transmittance (73.01% at 800 nm). The activity of immobilized enzymes and enzyme loading showed good correlation to the carboxylate content of CNFs. The enzyme efficiency based on CNFs and the content of carboxylate groups peaked at the oxidization time of 60 min. When the additional amount of chymotrypsins (CTs) was 500 or 2000 mg/g carrier, the highest loading amount of CTs was 307.17 ± 4.08 or 726.82 ± 12.05 mg/g carrier, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200 China
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85
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Eco-friendly polyelectrolyte nanocomposite membranes based on chitosan and sulfonated chitin nanowhiskers for fuel cell applications. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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86
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Pasquier E, Mattos BD, Belgacem N, Bras J, Rojas OJ. Lignin Nanoparticle Nucleation and Growth on Cellulose and Chitin Nanofibers. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:880-889. [PMID: 33377786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose (CNF) and chitin (ChNF) nanofibers are known to form materials that are both tough and strong. In this study, we hypothesize that the inertness of networks produced from CNF and ChNF makes them ideal templates for heterogeneous reactions and in situ formation of nanoarchitectures. We expand nanoparticle templating on polysaccharide colloids by introducing a new and facile process that leads to the growth of organic nanoparticles on CNF and ChNF in aqueous media. The process, based on solvent shifting supported on solid interfaces, is demonstrated by direct observation of lignin nanoparticles that are further used for their photocatalytic activity. Importantly, the dynamics of nanoparticle nucleation and growth is correlated with the surface chemistry of the templating nanopolysaccharides. Electrostatic repulsion between the deprotonated lignin molecules and the slightly negative CNF support led to limited adsorption and was effective in producing free (nonbound) lignin nanoparticles (28 ± 7 nm) via precipitation. In contrast, the stronger interfacial interactions between the positively charged ChNF and lignin molecules facilitated instantaneous and extensive lignin adsorption, followed by nucleation and growth into relatively larger nanoparticles (46 ± 17 nm). The latter were homogeneously distributed and strongly coupled to the ChNF support. Overall, we introduce lignin nanoparticle nucleation and growth on renewable nanopolysaccharides, offering an effective route toward in situ synthesis of highly functional fibrils and related cohesive films that offer a great potential in packaging and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pasquier
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering ), LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Bruno D Mattos
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo FIN-00076, Finland
| | - Naceur Belgacem
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering ), LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Julien Bras
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering ), LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75000 Paris, France
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Espoo FIN-00076, Finland.,ioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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87
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Goto K, Teramoto Y. Distribution of the Degree of Deacetylation of Surface-Deacetylated Chitin Nanofibers: Effects on Crystalline Structure and Cell Adhesion and Proliferation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8650-8657. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenki Goto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Teramoto
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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88
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Huang Y, Liu H, Liu S, Li S. Cinnamon Cassia Oil Emulsions Stabilized by Chitin Nanofibrils: Physicochemical Properties and Antibacterial Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14620-14631. [PMID: 33226223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays consumers are increasingly demanding food with fewer synthetic preservatives, which makes antimicrobial essential oils (EOs) from plants promising alternatives. In this work, surfactant-free emulsions were successfully fabricated from Cinnamon cassia oil (C. cassia oil) with partially deacetylated chitin nanofiber (ChNF) adopted as a Pickering stabilizer. The storage stability and microstructures of the emulsions with different concentrations of ChNF were studied in detail. As ChNF concentration increased, the emulsion droplet size decreased while the emulsion stability increased with stable periods as long as 90 days. This could be attributed to the Pickering stabilization realized by irreversible adsorption of the ChNF at the oil-water interface (revealed by fluorescent microscopy) and subsequent formation of an interdroplet ChNF network in the continuous phase, which was further strengthened in the presence of the aldehyde moiety in the C. cassia oil (verified by FTIR spectra). The rheological data and SEM images provided further evidence for network formation in the emulsions with increased ChNF concentration. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the emulsion against Escherichia coli and the release patterns of EOs from emulsions were also investigated. The emulsions showed prolonged antibacterial activities but enhanced diffusion efficiency with the introduction of ChNF, which turned out to be a good encapsulation system for the controlled release of EOs. This work evidences the promising advantages of ChNF-stabilized Pickering emulsions as a facile EOs delivery system for application in food preservation and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Hubei Gedian Humanwell Pharmaceutical Excipients Company, Limited, Ezhou 436070, China
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89
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Extraction and characterization of fungal chitin nanofibers from Mucor indicus cultured in optimized medium conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1126-1134. [PMID: 33188816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) were extracted from Mucor indicus by a purification method followed by a mechanical treatment, cultivated under obtained optimum culture medium conditions to improve fungal chitin production rate. A semi synthetic media containing 50 g/l glucose was used for cultivation of the fungus in shake flasks. The cell wall analysis showed that N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) content, which is an indication of chitin content, was maximum in presence of 2.5 g/l H3PO4, 2.5 g/l of NaOH, 1 g/l of yeast extract, 1 mg/l of plant hormones, and 1 ml/l of trace metals. The chemical characterizations demonstrated that the isolated fibers had a degree of deacetylation lower than of 10%, and were phosphate free. The FTIR results revealed successful removal of different materials during the purification step. The FE-SEM of fibrillated chitin illustrated an average diameter of 28 nm. Finally, X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity index of nanofibers was 82%.
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90
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Huang J, Frauenlob M, Shibata Y, Wang L, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, Tsuda M, Tanaka S, Kurokawa T, Gong JP. Chitin-Based Double-Network Hydrogel as Potential Superficial Soft-Tissue-Repairing Materials. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4220-4230. [PMID: 32936628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is a biopolymer, which has been proven to be a biomedical material candidate, yet the weak mechanical properties seriously limit their potentials. In this work, a chitin-based double-network (DN) hydrogel has been designed as a potential superficial repairing material. The hydrogel was synthesized through a double-network (DN) strategy composing hybrid regenerated chitin nanofiber (RCN)-poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) (PEGDE) as the first network and polyacrylamide (PAAm) as the second network. The hybrid RCN-PEGDE/PAAm DN hydrogel was strong and tough, possessing Young's modulus (elasticity) E 0.097 ± 0.020 MPa, fracture stress σf 0.449 ± 0.025 MPa, and work of fracture Wf 5.75 ± 0.35 MJ·m-3. The obtained DN hydrogel was strong enough for surgical requirements in the usage of soft tissue scaffolds. In addition, chitin endowed the DN hydrogel with good bacterial resistance and accelerated fibroblast proliferation, which increased the NIH3T3 cell number by nearly five times within 3 days. Subcutaneous implantation studies showed that the DN hydrogel did not induce inflammation after 4 weeks, suggesting a good biosafety in vivo. These results indicated that the hybrid RCN-PEGDE/PAAm DN hydrogel had great prospect as a rapid soft-tissue-repairing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Huang
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Martin Frauenlob
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Shibata
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurokawa
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Laboratory of Soft and Wet Matter, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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91
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Araki J, Urata T. Cellulose Nanowhisker/Silver Nanoparticle Hybrids Sterically Stabilized by Surface Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10868-10875. [PMID: 32820936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sterically stabilized hybrids of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared via poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafting and subsequent reduction of Ag+ counterions by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) for improved dispersion stability after hybridization. The preparation scheme includes surface carboxylation of CNWs using a 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-pyperidinyloxy radical (TEMPO), grafting of monomethoxy PEG (mPEG) via amidation mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride or 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride, exchange of countercation of residual carboxyls to Ag+, and deposition of AgNPs via reduction with NaBH4. UV-vis spectroscopy and electron microscopy analyses confirmed the successful deposition of AgNPs. Most of the mPEG-grafted hybrids were stable under the presence of an electrolyte, although some of them were precipitated by the addition of 0.1 M CaCl2. The addition of CaCl2 was also found to trigger discoloration of the hybrids, suggesting the partial dissolution of AgNPs and the formation of water-insoluble AgCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Araki
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano prefecture 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takane Urata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano prefecture 386-8567, Japan
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92
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Jiang Q, jing Y, Ni Y, Gao R, Zhou P. Potentiality of carbon quantum dots derived from chitin as a fluorescent sensor for detection of ClO−. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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93
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Lim YW, Jin J, Bae BS. Optically Transparent Multiscale Composite Films for Flexible and Wearable Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907143. [PMID: 32187405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the key breakthroughs enabling flexible electronics with novel form factors is the deployment of flexible polymer films in place of brittle glass, which is one of the major structural materials for conventional electronic devices. Flexible electronics requires polymer films with the core properties of glass (i.e., dimensional stability and transparency) while retaining the pliability of the polymer, which, however, is fundamentally intractable due to the mutually exclusive nature of these characteristics. An overview of a transparent fiber-reinforced polymer, which is suggested as a potentially viable structural material for emerging flexible/wearable electronics, is provided. This includes material concept and fabrication and a brief review of recent research progress on its applications over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Lim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Soo Bae
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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94
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Choy S, Moon H, Park Y, Jung YM, Koo JM, Oh DX, Hwang DS. Mechanical properties and thermal stability of intermolecular-fitted poly(vinyl alcohol)/α-chitin nanofibrous mat. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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95
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Courtade G, Ciano L, Paradisi A, Lindley PJ, Forsberg Z, Sørlie M, Wimmer R, Davies GJ, Eijsink VGH, Walton PH, Aachmann FL. Mechanistic basis of substrate-O 2 coupling within a chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase: An integrated NMR/EPR study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19178-19189. [PMID: 32723819 PMCID: PMC7431007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004277117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have a unique ability to activate molecular oxygen for subsequent oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds. To provide insight into the mode of action of these industrially important enzymes, we have performed an integrated NMR/electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study into the detailed aspects of an AA10 LPMO-substrate interaction. Using NMR spectroscopy, we have elucidated the solution-phase structure of apo-BlLPMO10A from Bacillus licheniformis, along with solution-phase structural characterization of the Cu(I)-LPMO, showing that the presence of the metal has minimal effects on the overall protein structure. We have, moreover, used paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) to characterize Cu(II)-LPMO by NMR spectroscopy. In addition, a multifrequency continuous-wave (CW)-EPR and 15N-HYSCORE spectroscopy study on the uniformly isotope-labeled 63Cu(II)-bound 15N-BlLPMO10A along with its natural abundance isotopologue determined copper spin-Hamiltonian parameters for LPMOs to markedly improved accuracy. The data demonstrate that large changes in the Cu(II) spin-Hamiltonian parameters are induced upon binding of the substrate. These changes arise from a rearrangement of the copper coordination sphere from a five-coordinate distorted square pyramid to one which is four-coordinate near-square planar. There is also a small reduction in metal-ligand covalency and an attendant increase in the d(x2-y2) character/energy of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO), which we propose from density functional theory (DFT) calculations predisposes the copper active site for the formation of a stable Cu-O2 intermediate. This switch in orbital character upon addition of chitin provides a basis for understanding the coupling of substrate binding with O2 activation in chitin-active AA10 LPMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Courtade
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Luisa Ciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Paradisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Lindley
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Zarah Forsberg
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Sørlie
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Paul H Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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96
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Effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model rats and their gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:659-666. [PMID: 32698063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with increased cardiovascular and liver-related mortality. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP5/Dmcr) that are fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet develop hepatic lesions that are similar to those observed in human NASH pathology. We investigated the hepatic protective and antioxidant effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (SDACNFs) that were administered to SHRSP5/Dmcr rats for 8 weeks. The administration of SDACNFs (80 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant decrease in hepatic injury, oxidative stress, compared with the non-treatment. The SDACNFs also caused a reduction in the population of harmful members of the Morganella and Prevotella genus, and increased the abundance of the Blautia genus, a useful bacterium in gut microbiota. We therefore conclude that SDACNF exerts anti-hepatic and antioxidative effects not only by adsorbing lipid substances but also by reforming the community of intestinal microflora in the intestinal tract.
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Machida J, Suenaga S, Osada M. Effect of the degree of acetylation on the physicochemical properties of α-chitin nanofibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:350-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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98
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Silva SS, Gomes JM, Rodrigues LC, Reis RL. Marine-Derived Polymers in Ionic Liquids: Architectures Development and Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E346. [PMID: 32629815 PMCID: PMC7401240 DOI: 10.3390/md18070346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine resources have considerable potential to develop high-value materials for applications in different fields, namely pharmaceutical, environmental, and biomedical. Despite that, the lack of solubility of marine-derived polymers in water and common organic solvents could restrict their applications. In the last years, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as platforms able to overcome those drawbacks, opening many routes to enlarge the use of marine-derived polymers as biomaterials, among other applications. From this perspective, ILs can be used as an efficient extraction media for polysaccharides from marine microalgae and wastes (e.g., crab shells, squid, and skeletons) or as solvents to process them in different shapes, such as films, hydrogels, nano/microparticles, and scaffolds. The resulting architectures can be applied in wound repair, bone regeneration, or gene and drug delivery systems. This review is focused on the recent research on the applications of ILs as processing platforms of biomaterials derived from marine polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S. Silva
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs- Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.G.); (L.C.R.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B´s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana M. Gomes
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs- Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.G.); (L.C.R.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B´s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa C. Rodrigues
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs- Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.G.); (L.C.R.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B´s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B´s Research Group, I3Bs- Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (J.M.G.); (L.C.R.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B´s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
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Nanofibrillation Is an Effective Method to Produce Chitin Derivatives for Induction of Plant Responses in Soybean. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070810. [PMID: 32605205 PMCID: PMC7411678 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, an N-acetylglucosamine polymer, is well-known to have unique biological functions, such as growth promotion and disease resistance induction in plants. Chitin has been expectedly used for improving crop yield using its functions; however, chitin derivatives, such as chitin oligosaccharide (CO) and chitosan, are widely used instead since chitin is difficult to handle because of its insolubility. Chitin nanofiber (CNF), produced from chitin through nanofibrillation, retains its polymeric structure and can be dispersed uniformly even in water. Here, the effects of CO and CNF on plant responses were directly compared in soybeans (Glycine max) to define the most effective method to produce chitin derivatives for plant response induction. The growth promotion of aerial parts was observed only in CNF-treated plants. The transcriptome analysis showed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CNF-treated soybeans was higher than in CO-treated soybeans. Notably, the expression patterns of DEGs were mostly similar but were strongly induced by CNF treatment as compared with the CO group. These results reveal that CNF can induce stronger plant response to chitin than CO in soybeans, suggesting nanofibrillation, rather than oligomerization, as a more effective method to produce chitin derivatives for plant response induction.
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