51
|
Adeniji EA, Olotu FA, Shunmugam L, Soliman MES. From a computational point of view: deciphering the molecular synergism between oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation products and metabolic dysfunctionality of human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1578355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A. Adeniji
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A. Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Letitia Shunmugam
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Gehringer M, Laufer SA. Emerging and Re-Emerging Warheads for Targeted Covalent Inhibitors: Applications in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5673-5724. [PMID: 30565923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) are designed to bind poorly conserved amino acids by means of reactive groups, the so-called warheads. Currently, targeting noncatalytic cysteine residues with acrylamides and other α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is the predominant strategy in TCI development. The recent ascent of covalent drugs has stimulated considerable efforts to characterize alternative warheads for the covalent-reversible and irreversible engagement of noncatalytic cysteine residues as well as other amino acids. This Perspective article provides an overview of warheads-beyond α,β-unsaturated amides-recently used in the design of targeted covalent ligands. Promising reactive groups that have not yet demonstrated their utility in TCI development are also highlighted. Special emphasis is placed on the discussion of reactivity and of case studies illustrating applications in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Dustin CM, Hristova M, Schiffers C, van der Vliet A. Proteomic Methods to Evaluate NOX-Mediated Redox Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1982:497-515. [PMID: 31172492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of proteins is involved in regulating many diverse cellular processes, which is largely mediated by NOX-mediated reversible oxidation of target proteins in a process known as redox signaling. Protein cysteine residues are the most prominent targets in redox signaling, and to understand the mechanisms by which NOX affect cellular pathways, specific methodology is required to detect specific oxidative cysteine modifications and to identify targeted proteins. Among the many potential redox modifications involving cysteine residues, reversible modifications most relevant to NOX are sulfenylation (P-SOH) and S-glutathionylation (P-SSG), as both can induce structural or functional alterations. Various experimental approaches have been developed to detect these specific modifications, and this chapter will detail state-of-the-art methodology to selectively evaluate these modifications in specific target proteins in relation to NOX activation. We also discuss some of the limitations of these procedures and potential complementary approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Caspar Schiffers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Chen X, Lee J, Wu H, Tsang AW, Furdui CM. Mass Spectrometry in Advancement of Redox Precision Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:327-358. [PMID: 31347057 PMCID: PMC9236553 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox (portmanteau of reduction-oxidation) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species in biological processes fundamental to life. It is of outmost importance that cells maintain a healthy redox state by balancing the action of oxidants and antioxidants; failure to do so leads to a multitude of diseases including cancer, diabetes, fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. From the perspective of precision medicine, it is therefore beneficial to interrogate the redox phenotype of the individual-similar to the use of genomic sequencing-in order to design tailored strategies for disease prevention and treatment. This chapter provides an overview of redox metabolism and focuses on how mass spectrometry (MS) can be applied to advance our knowledge in redox biology and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jingyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Allen W Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Maroney MJ, Hondal RJ. Selenium versus sulfur: Reversibility of chemical reactions and resistance to permanent oxidation in proteins and nucleic acids. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:228-237. [PMID: 29588180 PMCID: PMC6158117 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the contributions of Jean Chaudière to the field of selenium biochemistry. Chaudière was the first to recognize that one of the main reasons that selenium in the form of selenocysteine is used in proteins is due to the fact that it strongly resists permanent oxidation. The foundations for this important concept was laid down by Al Tappel in the 1960's and even before by others. The concept of oxygen tolerance first recognized in the study of glutathione peroxidase was further advanced and refined by those studying [NiFeSe]-hydrogenases, selenosubtilisin, and thioredoxin reductase. After 200 years of selenium research, work by Marcus Conrad and coworkers studying glutathione peroxidase-4 has provided definitive evidence for Chaudière's original hypothesis (Ingold et al., 2018) [36]. While the reaction of selenium with oxygen is readily reversible, there are many other examples of this phenomenon of reversibility. Many reactions of selenium can be described as "easy in - easy out". This is due to the strong nucleophilic character of selenium to attack electrophiles, but then this reaction can be reversed due to the strong electrophilic character of selenium and the weakness of the selenium-carbon bond. Several examples of this are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Maroney
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Life Sciences Laboratories, 240 Thatcher Road, Room N373, Amherst, MA 01003-9364, United States
| | - Robert J Hondal
- Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Building Room B413, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Heppner DE, Dustin CM, Liao C, Hristova M, Veith C, Little AC, Ahlers BA, White SL, Deng B, Lam YW, Li J, van der Vliet A. Direct cysteine sulfenylation drives activation of the Src kinase. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4522. [PMID: 30375386 PMCID: PMC6207713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src kinase controls aspects of cell biology and its activity is regulated by intramolecular structural changes induced by protein interactions and tyrosine phosphorylation. Recent studies indicate that Src is additionally regulated by redox-dependent mechanisms, involving oxidative modification(s) of cysteines within the Src protein, although the nature and molecular-level impact of Src cysteine oxidation are unknown. Using a combination of biochemical and cell-based studies, we establish the critical importance of two Src cysteine residues, Cys-185 and Cys-277, as targets for H2O2-mediated sulfenylation (Cys-SOH) in redox-dependent kinase activation in response to NADPH oxidase-dependent signaling. Molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations reveal the structural impact of sulfenylation of these cysteines, indicating that Cys-277-SOH enables solvent exposure of Tyr-416 to promote its (auto)phosphorylation, and that Cys-185-SOH destabilizes pTyr-527 binding to the SH2 domain. These redox-dependent Src activation mechanisms offer opportunities for development of Src-selective inhibitors in treatment of diseases where Src is aberrantly activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Chenyi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Carmen Veith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Andrew C Little
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Bethany A Ahlers
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sheryl L White
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Vermont, 82 University Place, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Fu L, Liu K, Ferreira RB, Carroll KS, Yang J. Proteome-Wide Analysis of Cysteine S-Sulfenylation Using a Benzothiazine-Based Probe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 95:e76. [PMID: 30312022 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of a protein cysteinyl thiol (Cys-SH) to S-sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH) by a reactive oxygen species (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), which is termed protein S-sulfenylation, is a reversible post-translational modification that plays a crucial role in redox regulation of protein function in various biological processes. Due to its intrinsically labile nature, protein S-sulfenylation cannot be directly detected or analyzed. Chemoselective probing has been the method of choice for analyzing S-sulfenylated proteins either in vitro or in situ, as it allows stabilization and direct detection of this transient oxidative intermediate. However, it remains challenging to globally pinpoint the specific S-sulfenylated cysteine sites on complex proteomes and to quantify their dynamic changes upon oxidative stress. This unit describes how a benzothiazine-based chemoselective probe called BTD and mass spectrometry based chemoproteomics can be used to globally and site-specifically identify and quantify protein S-sulfenylation. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Foyer CH, Wilson MH, Wright MH. Redox regulation of cell proliferation: Bioinformatics and redox proteomics approaches to identify redox-sensitive cell cycle regulators. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:137-149. [PMID: 29605447 PMCID: PMC6146653 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant stem cells are the foundation of plant growth and development. The balance of quiescence and division is highly regulated, while ensuring that proliferating cells are protected from the adverse effects of environment fluctuations that may damage the genome. Redox regulation is important in both the activation of proliferation and arrest of the cell cycle upon perception of environmental stress. Within this context, reactive oxygen species serve as 'pro-life' signals with positive roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and survival. However, very little is known about the metabolic mechanisms and redox-sensitive proteins that influence cell cycle progression. We have identified cysteine residues on known cell cycle regulators in Arabidopsis that are potentially accessible, and could play a role in redox regulation, based on secondary structure and solvent accessibility likelihoods for each protein. We propose that redox regulation may function alongside other known posttranslational modifications to control the functions of core cell cycle regulators such as the retinoblastoma protein. Since our current understanding of how redox regulation is involved in cell cycle control is hindered by a lack of knowledge regarding both which residues are important and how modification of those residues alters protein function, we discuss how critical redox modifications can be mapped at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Michael H Wilson
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Megan H Wright
- The Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Donnelly DP, Dowgiallo MG, Salisbury JP, Aluri KC, Iyengar S, Chaudhari M, Mathew M, Miele I, Auclair JR, Lopez SA, Manetsch R, Agar JN. Cyclic Thiosulfinates and Cyclic Disulfides Selectively Cross-Link Thiols While Avoiding Modification of Lone Thiols. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7377-7380. [PMID: 29851341 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses the need for chemical tools that can selectively form cross-links. Contemporary thiol-selective cross-linkers, for example, modify all accessible thiols, but only form cross-links between a subset. The resulting terminal "dead-end" modifications of lone thiols are toxic, confound cross-linking-based studies of macromolecular structure, and are an undesired, and currently unavoidable, byproduct in polymer synthesis. Using the thiol pair of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), we demonstrated that cyclic disulfides, including the drug/nutritional supplement lipoic acid, efficiently cross-linked thiol pairs but avoided dead-end modifications. Thiolate-directed nucleophilic attack upon the cyclic disulfide resulted in thiol-disulfide exchange and ring cleavage. The resulting disulfide-tethered terminal thiolate moiety either directed the reverse reaction, releasing the cyclic disulfide, or participated in oxidative disulfide (cross-link) formation. We hypothesized, and confirmed with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, that mono- S-oxo derivatives of cyclic disulfides formed a terminal sulfenic acid upon ring cleavage that obviated the previously rate-limiting step, thiol oxidation, and accelerated the new rate-determining step, ring cleavage. Our calculations suggest that the origin of accelerated ring cleavage is improved frontier molecular orbital overlap in the thiolate-disulfide interchange transition. Five- to seven-membered cyclic thiosulfinates were synthesized and efficiently cross-linked up to 104-fold faster than their cyclic disulfide precursors; functioned in the presence of biological concentrations of glutathione; and acted as cell-permeable, potent, tolerable, intracellular cross-linkers. This new class of thiol cross-linkers exhibited click-like attributes including, high yields driven by the enthalpies of disulfide and water formation, orthogonality with common functional groups, water-compatibility, and ring strain-dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Matthew G Dowgiallo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Joseph P Salisbury
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Krishna C Aluri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Suhasini Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Meenal Chaudhari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Merlit Mathew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Isabella Miele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jared R Auclair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Roman Manetsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Northeastern University , 360 Huntington Avenue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Holmila RJ, Vance SA, Chen X, Wu H, Shukla K, Bharadwaj MS, Mims J, Wary Z, Marrs G, Singh R, Molina AJ, Poole LB, King SB, Furdui CM. Mitochondria-targeted Probes for Imaging Protein Sulfenylation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6635. [PMID: 29703899 PMCID: PMC5923234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential regulators of cellular signaling, metabolism and epigenetics underlying the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Despite the critical function of redox regulation in mitochondria, currently there are limited methods available to monitor protein oxidation in this key subcellular organelle. Here, we describe compounds for imaging sulfenylated proteins in mitochondria: DCP-NEt2-Coumarin (DCP-NEt2C) and rhodamine-based DCP-Rho1. Side-by-side comparison studies are presented on the reactivity of DCP-NEt2C and DCP-Rho1 with a model protein sulfenic acid (AhpC-SOH) and mitochondrial localization to identify optimized experimental conditions for labeling and visualization of protein sulfenylation that would be independent of mitochondria membrane potential and would not impact mitochondrial function. These probes are applied to image mitochondrial protein sulfenylation under conditions of serum starvation and in a cell culture model of lung cancer exposed to ionizing radiation and silver nanoparticles, agents serving dual functions as environmental stressors and cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reetta J Holmila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Stephen A Vance
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jade Mims
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Zack Wary
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Glen Marrs
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony J Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Payne NC, Barber DR, Ruggles EL, Hondal RJ. Can dimedone be used to study selenoproteins? An investigation into the reactivity of dimedone toward oxidized forms of selenocysteine. Protein Sci 2018; 28:41-55. [PMID: 29451338 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dimedone is a widely used reagent to assess the redox state of cysteine-containing proteins as it will alkylate sulfenic acid residues, but not sulfinic acid residues. While it has been reported that dimedone can label selenenic acid residues in selenoproteins, we investigated the stability, and reversibility of this label in a model peptide system. We also wondered whether dimedone could be used to detect seleninic acid residues. We used benzenesulfinic acid, benzeneseleninic acid, and model selenocysteine-containing peptides to investigate possible reactions with dimedone. These peptides were incubated with H2 O2 in the presence of dimedone and then the reactions were followed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). The native peptide, H-PTVTGCUG-OH (corresponding to the native amino acid sequence of the C-terminus of mammalian thioredoxin reductase), could not be alkylated by dimedone, but could be carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid. However the "mutant peptide," H-PTVTGAUG-OH, could be labeled with dimedone at low concentrations of H2 O2 , but the reaction was reversible by addition of thiol. Due to the reversible nature of this alkylation, we conclude that dimedone is not a good reagent for detecting selenenic acids in selenoproteins. At high concentrations of H2 O2 , selenium was eliminated from the peptide and a dimeric form of dimedone could be detected using LCMS and 1 H NMR. The dimeric dimedone product forms as a result of a seleno-Pummerer reaction with Sec-seleninic acid. Overall our results show that the reaction of dimedone with oxidized cysteine residues is quite different from the same reaction with oxidized selenocysteine residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Connor Payne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
| | - Drew R Barber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
| | - Erik L Ruggles
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
| | - Robert J Hondal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, 05405
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
|
65
|
Zhang M, Yang W, Qian M, Zhao T, Yang L, Zhu C. Iodine-promoted three-component reaction for the synthesis of spirooxindoles. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
66
|
Albertolle ME, Phan TTN, Pozzi A, Guengerich FP. Sulfenylation of Human Liver and Kidney Microsomal Cytochromes P450 and Other Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes as a Response to Redox Alteration. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:889-900. [PMID: 29374135 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides an oxidizing environment to aid in the formation of disulfide bonds, which is tightly regulated by both antioxidant proteins and small molecules. On the cytoplasmic side of the ER, cytochrome P450 (P450) proteins have been identified as a superfamily of enzymes that are important in the formation of endogenous chemicals as well as in the detoxication of xenobiotics. Our previous report described oxidative inhibition of P450 Family 4 enzymes via oxidation of the heme-thiolate cysteine to a sulfenic acid (-SOH) (Albertolle, M. E. et al. (2017) J. Biol. Chem. 292, 11230-11242). Further proteomic analyses of murine kidney and liver microsomes led to the finding that a number of other drug-metabolizing enzymes located in the ER are also redox-regulated in this manner. We expanded our analysis of sulfenylated enzymes to human liver and kidney microsomes. Evaluation of the sulfenylation, catalytic activity, and spectral properties of P450s 1A2, 2C8, 2D6, and 3A4 led to the identification of two classes of redox sensitivity in P450 enzymes: heme-thiolate-sensitive and thiol-insensitive. These findings provide evidence for a mammalian P450 regulatory mechanism, which may also be relevant to other drug-metabolizing enzymes. (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007913.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Albertolle
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Thanh T N Phan
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- §Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602.,¶Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146;
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Alcock LJ, Perkins MV, Chalker JM. Chemical methods for mapping cysteine oxidation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:231-268. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methods to characterise oxidative modifications of cysteine help clarify their role in protein function in both healthy and diseased cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Alcock
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
| | - Michael V. Perkins
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Li L, Wang Q, Lyu R, Yu L, Su S, Du FS, Li ZC. Synthesis of a ROS-responsive analogue of poly(ε-caprolactone) by the living ring-opening polymerization of 1,4-oxathiepan-7-one. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A well-defined ROS-responsive block amphiphilic diblock copolymer PEO-b-POTO was synthesized to elucidate the oxidative degradation mechanism in assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linggao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering
| | - Ruiliang Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering
| | - Li Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering
| | - Shan Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science & Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Heppner DE, Hristova M, Ida T, Mijuskovic A, Dustin CM, Bogdándi V, Fukuto JM, Dick TP, Nagy P, Li J, Akaike T, van der Vliet A. Cysteine perthiosulfenic acid (Cys-SSOH): A novel intermediate in thiol-based redox signaling? Redox Biol 2017; 14:379-385. [PMID: 29054072 PMCID: PMC5647513 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible oxidation of protein cysteine residues (Cys-SH) is a key reaction in cellular redox signaling involving initial formation of sulfenic acids (Cys-SOH), which are commonly detected using selective dimedone-based probes. Here, we report that significant portions of dimedone-tagged proteins are susceptible to cleavage by DTT reflecting the presence of perthiosulfenic acid species (Cys-SSOH) due to similar oxidation of hydropersulfides (Cys-SSH), since Cys-S-dimedone adducts are stable toward DTT. Combined studies using molecular modeling, mass spectrometry, and cell-based experiments indicate that Cys-SSH are readily oxidized to Cys-SSOH, which forms stable adducts with dimedone-based probes. We additionally confirm the presence of Cys-SSH within protein tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, and their apparent oxidation to Cys-SSOH in response NADPH oxidase activation, suggesting that such Cys-SSH oxidation may represent a novel, as yet uncharacterized, event in redox-based signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ana Mijuskovic
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Virág Bogdándi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
A fluorogenic probe for imaging protein S-nitrosylation in live cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:162-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
71
|
Garcia FJ, Carroll KS. An immunochemical approach to detect oxidized protein tyrosine phosphatases using a selective C-nucleophile tag. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:1790-8. [PMID: 26757830 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are crucial regulators of signal transduction and function as antagonists towards protein tyrosine kinases to control reversible tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby regulating fundamental physiological processes. Growing evidence has supported the notion that reversible oxidative inactivation of the catalytic cysteine residue in protein tyrosine phosphatases serves as an oxidative post-translational modification that regulates its activity to influence downstream signaling by promoting phosphorylation and induction of the signaling cascade. The oxidation of cysteine to the sulfenic acid is often transient and difficult to detect, thus making it problematic in understanding the role that this oxidative post-translational modification plays in redox-biology and pathogenesis. Several methods to detect cysteine oxidation in biological systems have been developed, though targeted approaches to directly detect oxidized phosphatases are still lacking. Herein we describe the development of a novel immunochemical approach to directly profile oxidized phosphatases. This immunochemical approach consists of an antibody designed to recognize the conserved sequence of the PTP active site (VHCDMDSAG) harboring the catalytic cysteine modified with dimedone (CDMD), a nucleophile that chemoselectively reacts with cysteine sulfenic acids to form a stable thioether adduct. Additionally, we provide biochemical and mass spectrometry workflows to be used in conjugation with this newly developed immunochemical approach to assist in the identification and quantification of basal and oxidized phosphatases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Inhibitory Effects of Trapping Agents of Sulfur Drug Reactive Intermediates against Major Human Cytochrome P450 Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071553. [PMID: 28726718 PMCID: PMC5536041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In some cases, the formation of reactive species from the metabolism of xenobiotics has been linked to toxicity and therefore it is imperative to detect potential bioactivation for candidate drugs during drug discovery. Reactive species can covalently bind to trapping agents in in vitro incubations of compound with human liver microsomes (HLM) fortified with β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), resulting in a stable conjugate of trapping agent and reactive species, thereby facilitating analytical detection and providing evidence of short-lived reactive metabolites. Since reactive metabolites are typically generated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidation, it is important to ensure high concentrations of trapping agents are not inhibiting the activities of CYP isoforms. Here we assessed the inhibitory properties of fourteen trapping agents against the major human CYP isoforms (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A). Based on our findings, eleven trapping agents displayed inhibition, three of which had IC50 values less than 1 mM (2-mercaptoethanol, N-methylmaleimide and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM)). Three trapping agents (dimedone, N-acetyl-lysine and arsenite) did not inhibit CYP isoforms at concentrations tested. To illustrate effects of CYP inhibition by trapping agents on reactive intermediate trapping, an example drug (ticlopidine) and trapping agent (NEM) were chosen for further studies. For the same amount of ticlopidine (1 μM), increasing concentrations of the trapping agent NEM (0.007–40 mM) resulted in a bell-shaped response curve of NEM-trapped ticlopidine S-oxide (TSO-NEM), due to CYP inhibition by NEM. Thus, trapping studies should be designed to include several concentrations of trapping agent to ensure optimal trapping of reactive metabolites.
Collapse
|
73
|
Govindu PCV, Sudarshan C, Gowd KH. Synthesis of two closely spaced cysteine barbiturates containing peptides by copper-catalyzed oxidation of contryphan disulfide. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1336245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panchada Ch. V. Govindu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Chidanad Sudarshan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Nie BJ, Wu LH, Hu RF, Sun Y, Wu J, He P, Huang NY. Synthesis of cyclopropa[c]indeno[1,2-b]quinolines through a MCR/Staudinger/aza-Wittig sequence. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1328065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Nie
- College of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hui Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ruo-Fei Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ping He
- College of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Nian-Yu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Duan J, Gaffrey MJ, Qian WJ. Quantitative proteomic characterization of redox-dependent post-translational modifications on protein cysteines. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:816-829. [PMID: 28357434 PMCID: PMC5493446 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein thiols play a crucial role in redox signaling, in the regulation of enzymatic activity and protein function, and in maintaining redox homeostasis in living systems. The unique chemical reactivity of the thiol group makes protein cysteines susceptible to reactions with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that form various reversible and irreversible post-translational modifications (PTMs). The reversible PTMs in particular are major components of redox signaling and are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes under physiological and pathological conditions. The biological significance of these redox PTMs in both healthy and disease states has been increasingly recognized. Herein, we review recent advances in quantitative proteomic approaches for investigating redox PTMs in complex biological systems, including general considerations of sample processing, chemical or affinity enrichment strategies, and quantitative approaches. We also highlight a number of redox proteomic approaches that enable effective profiling of redox PTMs for specific biological applications. Although technical limitations remain, redox proteomics is paving the way to a better understanding of redox signaling and regulation in both healthy and disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Duan
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Gupta V, Yang J, Liebler DC, Carroll KS. Diverse Redoxome Reactivity Profiles of Carbon Nucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5588-5595. [PMID: 28355876 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Targeted covalent inhibitors have emerged as a powerful approach in the drug discovery pipeline. Key to this process is the identification of signaling pathways (or receptors) specific to (or overexpressed in) disease cells. In this context, fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) has significantly expanded our view of the ligandable proteome and affords tool compounds for biological inquiry. To date, such covalent ligand discovery has almost exclusively employed cysteine-reactive small-molecule fragments. However, functional cysteine residues in proteins are often redox-sensitive and can undergo oxidation in cells. Such reactions are particularly relevant in diseases, like cancer, which are linked to excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Once oxidized, the sulfur atom of cysteine is much less reactive toward electrophilic groups used in the traditional FBLD paradigm. To address this limitation, we recently developed a novel library of diverse carbon-based nucleophile fragments that react selectively with cysteine sulfenic acid formed in proteins via oxidation or hydrolysis reactions. Here, we report analysis of sulfenic acid-reactive C-nucleophile fragments screened against a colon cancer cell proteome. Covalent ligands were identified for >1280 S-sulfenylated cysteines present in "druggable" proteins and orphan targets, revealing disparate reactivity profiles and target preferences. Among the unique ligand-protein interactions identified was that of a pyrrolidinedione nucleophile that reacted preferentially with protein tyrosine phosphatases. Fragment-based covalent ligand discovery with C-nucleophiles affords an expansive snapshot of the ligandable "redoxome" with significant implications for covalent inhibitor pharmacology and also affords new chemical tools to investigate redox-regulation of protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences , Beijing 102206, China
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Kumar MR, Farmer PJ. Trapping Reactions of the Sulfenyl and Sulfinyl Tautomers of Sulfenic Acids. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:474-478. [PMID: 27984696 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfenic acids react as both nucleophiles and electrophiles, which may be attributable to interconversion between sulfenyl and sulfinyl tautomers. We demonstrate one-pot trapping of both tautomeric forms of glutathione sulfenic acid by LCMS. The sulfinyl tautomers are characterized by reaction with nucleophilic reagents such as dimedone and cyanide, giving unique products that are analogous to corresponding adducts of aldehydes. Likewise, we show that aldehyde reactive reagents such as silyl enol ethers also react with glutathione sulfenic acid to give products characteristic of both sulfenyl and sulfinyl tautomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugaeson R. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Patrick J. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Heppner DE, Janssen-Heininger YMW, van der Vliet A. The role of sulfenic acids in cellular redox signaling: Reconciling chemical kinetics and molecular detection strategies. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 616:40-46. [PMID: 28126370 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reversible oxidation of protein cysteine residues is well recognized as an important regulatory mechanism in redox-dependent cell signaling. Cysteine oxidation is diverse in nature and involves various post-translational modifications (sulfenic acids, disulfides, etc.) and the specific functional or structural impact of these specific oxidative events is still poorly understood. The proximal product of protein cysteine oxidation by biological reactive oxygen species (ROS) is sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH), and experimental evidence is accruing for the formation of Cys-SOH as intermediate in protein cysteine oxidation in various biological settings. However, the plausibility of protein Cys-SH oxidation by ROS has often been put in question because of slow reaction kinetics compared to more favorable reactions with abundant thiol-based reductants such as peroxiredoxins (Prx) or glutathione (GSH). This commentary aims to address this controversy by highlighting the unique physical properties in cells that may restrict ROS diffusion and allow otherwise less favorable cysteine oxidation of proteins. Some limitations of analytical tools to assess Cys-SOH are also discussed. We conclude that formation of Cys-SOH in biological systems cannot always be predicted based on kinetic analyses in homogenous solution, and may be facilitated by unique structural and physical properties of Cys-containing proteins within e.g. signaling complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | | | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
McGarry DJ, Shchepinova MM, Lilla S, Hartley RC, Olson MF. A Cell-Permeable Biscyclooctyne As a Novel Probe for the Identification of Protein Sulfenic Acids. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3300-3304. [PMID: 27792307 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species act as important second messengers in cell signaling and homeostasis through the oxidation of protein thiols. However, the dynamic nature of protein oxidation and the lack of sensitivity of existing molecular probes have hindered our understanding of such reactions; therefore, new tools are required to address these challenges. We designed a bifunctional variant of the strained bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN-E-BCN) that enables the tagging of intracellular protein sulfenic acids for biorthogonal copper-free click chemistry. In validation studies, BCN-E-BCN binds the sulfenylated form of the actin-severing protein cofilin, while mutation of the cognate cysteine residues abrogates its binding. BCN-E-BCN is cell permeable and reacts rapidly with cysteine sulfenic acids in cultured cells. Using different azide-tagged conjugates, we demonstrate that BCN-E-BCN can be used in various applications for the detection of sulfenylated proteins. Remarkably, cycloaddition of an azide-tagged fluorophore to BCN-E-BCN labeled proteins produced in vivo can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy to reveal their localization. These findings demonstrate a novel and multifaceted approach to the detection and trapping of sulfenic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria M Shchepinova
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Hartley
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F Olson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute , Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Chauvin JPR, Pratt DA. On the Reactions of Thiols, Sulfenic Acids, and Sulfinic Acids with Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:6255-6259. [PMID: 27933690 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of thiols with H2 O2 is central to many processes essential to life, from protein folding to redox signaling. The initial products are assumed to be sulfenic acids, but their observation, and the kinetic and mechanistic characterization of their subsequent reactions, has proven challenging. The introduction of a 9-fluorotriptycene substituent enabled the use of 19 F NMR to directly monitor the reaction of a thiol with H2 O2 to yield a sulfenic acid, and its subsequent oxidation to sulfinic and sulfonic acids. The oxidations are specific base catalyzed, as revealed by the lack of isotope effects and the dependence of the kinetics on pH but not buffer concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe R Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Chauvin JPR, Pratt DA. On the Reactions of Thiols, Sulfenic Acids, and Sulfinic Acids with Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe R. Chauvin
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Allan KM, Loberg MA, Chepngeno J, Hurtig JE, Tripathi S, Kang MG, Allotey JK, Widdershins AH, Pilat JM, Sizek HJ, Murphy WJ, Naticchia MR, David JB, Morano KA, West JD. Trapping redox partnerships in oxidant-sensitive proteins with a small, thiol-reactive cross-linker. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:356-366. [PMID: 27816612 PMCID: PMC5154803 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A broad range of redox-regulated proteins undergo reversible disulfide bond formation on oxidation-prone cysteine residues. Heightened reactivity of the thiol groups in these cysteines also increases susceptibility to modification by organic electrophiles, a property that can be exploited in the study of redox networks. Here, we explored whether divinyl sulfone (DVSF), a thiol-reactive bifunctional electrophile, cross-links oxidant-sensitive proteins to their putative redox partners in cells. To test this idea, previously identified oxidant targets involved in oxidant defense (namely, peroxiredoxins, methionine sulfoxide reductases, sulfiredoxin, and glutathione peroxidases), metabolism, and proteostasis were monitored for cross-link formation following treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with DVSF. Several proteins screened, including multiple oxidant defense proteins, underwent intermolecular and/or intramolecular cross-linking in response to DVSF. Specific redox-active cysteines within a subset of DVSF targets were found to influence cross-linking; in addition, DVSF-mediated cross-linking of its targets was impaired in cells first exposed to oxidants. Since cross-linking appeared to involve redox-active cysteines in these proteins, we examined whether potential redox partners became cross-linked to them upon DVSF treatment. Specifically, we found that several substrates of thioredoxins were cross-linked to the cytosolic thioredoxin Trx2 in cells treated with DVSF. However, other DVSF targets, like the peroxiredoxin Ahp1, principally formed intra-protein cross-links upon DVSF treatment. Moreover, additional protein targets, including several known to undergo S-glutathionylation, were conjugated via DVSF to glutathione. Our results indicate that DVSF is of potential use as a chemical tool for irreversibly trapping and discovering thiol-based redox partnerships within cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Allan
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Matthew A Loberg
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Juliet Chepngeno
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer E Hurtig
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Susmit Tripathi
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Min Goo Kang
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan K Allotey
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Afton H Widdershins
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Herbert J Sizek
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Wesley J Murphy
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Matthew R Naticchia
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Joseph B David
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James D West
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Gupta V, Carroll KS. Rational design of reversible and irreversible cysteine sulfenic acid-targeted linear C-nucleophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3414-7. [PMID: 26878905 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Concerns about off-target effects has motivated the development of reversible covalent inhibition strategies for targeting cysteine. However, such strategies have not been reported for the unique cysteine oxoform, sulfenic acid. Herein, we have designed and identified linear C-nucleophiles that react selectively with cysteine sulfenic acid. The resulting thioether adducts exhibit reversibility ranging from minutes to days under reducing conditions, showing the feasibility of tuning C-nucleophile reactivity across a wide range of time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Heppner DE, Hristova M, Dustin CM, Danyal K, Habibovic A, van der Vliet A. The NADPH Oxidases DUOX1 and NOX2 Play Distinct Roles in Redox Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23282-23293. [PMID: 27650496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in regulating airway epithelial homeostasis and responses to injury. Activation of EGFR is regulated by redox-dependent processes involving reversible cysteine oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and involves both ligand-dependent and -independent mechanisms, but the precise source(s) of ROS and the molecular mechanisms that control tyrosine kinase activity are incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of EGFR activation by ATP in airway epithelial cells is closely associated with dynamic reversible oxidation of cysteine residues via sequential sulfenylation and S-glutathionylation within EGFR and the non-receptor-tyrosine kinase Src. Moreover, the intrinsic kinase activity of recombinant Src or EGFR was in both cases enhanced by H2O2 but not by GSSG, indicating that the intermediate sulfenylation is the activating modification. H2O2-induced increase in EGFR tyrosine kinase activity was not observed with the C797S variant, confirming Cys-797 as the redox-sensitive cysteine residue that regulates kinase activity. Redox-dependent regulation of EGFR activation in airway epithelial cells was found to strongly depend on activation of either the NADPH oxidase DUOX1 or the homolog NOX2, depending on the activation mechanism. Whereas DUOX1 and Src play a primary role in EGFR transactivation by wound-derived signals such as ATP, direct ligand-dependent EGFR activation primarily involves NOX2 with a secondary role for DUOX1 and Src. Collectively, our findings establish that redox-dependent EGFR kinase activation involves a dynamic and reversible cysteine oxidation mechanism and that this activation mechanism variably involves DUOX1 and NOX2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Heppner
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Milena Hristova
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Aida Habibovic
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Truong TH, Ung PMU, Palde PB, Paulsen CE, Schlessinger A, Carroll KS. Molecular Basis for Redox Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:837-848. [PMID: 27427230 PMCID: PMC4958504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a target of signal-derived H2O2, and oxidation of active-site cysteine 797 to sulfenic acid enhances kinase activity. Although a major class of covalent drugs targets C797, nothing is known about its catalytic importance or how S-sulfenylation leads to activation. Here, we report the first detailed functional analysis of C797. In contrast to prior assumptions, mutation of C797 diminishes catalytic efficiency in vitro and cells. The experimentally determined pKa and reactivity of C797 toward H2O2 correspondingly distinguish this residue from the bulk of the cysteinome. Molecular dynamics simulation of reduced versus oxidized EGFR, reinforced by experimental testing, indicates that sulfenylation of C797 allows new electrostatic interactions to be formed with the catalytic loop. Finally, we show that chronic oxidative stress yields an EGFR subpopulation that is refractory to the FDA-approved drug afatinib. Collectively, our data highlight the significance of redox biology to understanding kinase regulation and drug pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu H Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Peter Man-Un Ung
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Prakash B Palde
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Candice E Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Gupta V, Paritala H, Carroll KS. Reactivity, Selectivity, and Stability in Sulfenic Acid Detection: A Comparative Study of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Probes. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1411-8. [PMID: 27123991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The comparative reaction efficiencies of currently used nucleophilic and electrophilic probes toward cysteine sulfenic acid have been thoroughly evaluated in two different settings-(i) a small molecule dipeptide based model and (ii) a recombinant protein model. We further evaluated the stability of corresponding thioether and sulfoxide adducts under reducing conditions which are commonly encountered during proteomic protocols and in cell analysis. Powered by the development of new cyclic and linear C-nucleophiles, the unsurpassed efficiency in the capture of sulfenic acid under competitive conditions is achieved and thus holds great promise as highly potent tools for activity-based sulfenome profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Hanumantharao Paritala
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Parsons ZD, Ruddraraju KV, Santo N, Gates KS. Sulfone-stabilized carbanions for the reversible covalent capture of a posttranslationally-generated cysteine oxoform found in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2631-40. [PMID: 27132865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Redox regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) involves oxidative conversion of the active site cysteine thiolate into an electrophilic sulfenyl amide residue. Reduction of the sulfenyl amide by biological thiols regenerates the native cysteine residue. Here we explored fundamental chemical reactions that may enable covalent capture of the sulfenyl amide residue in oxidized PTP1B. Various sulfone-containing carbon acids were found to react readily with a model peptide sulfenyl amide via attack of the sulfonyl carbanion on the electrophilic sulfur center in the sulfenyl amide. Both the products and the rates of these reactions were characterized. The results suggest that capture of a peptide sulfenyl amide residue by sulfone-stabilized carbanions can slow, but not completely prevent, thiol-mediated generation of the corresponding cysteine-containing peptide. Sulfone-containing carbon acids may be useful components in the construction of agents that knock down PTP1B activity in cells via transient covalent capture of the sulfenyl amide oxoform generated during insulin signaling processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Parsons
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | | | - Nicholas Santo
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Kent S Gates
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Abstract
S-Sulfenylation is a post-translational modification with a crucial role in regulating protein function. However, its analysis has remained challenging due to the lack of facile sulfenic acid models. We report the first photocaged cysteine sulfenic acid with efficient photodeprotection and demonstrate its utility by generating sulfenic acid in a thiol peroxidase after illumination in vitro. These caged sulfoxides should be promising for site-specific incorporation of Cys sulfenic acid in living cells via genetic code expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pan
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Kate S. Carroll
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458
| |
Collapse
|