51
|
Vasina M, Velecký J, Planas-Iglesias J, Marques SM, Skarupova J, Damborsky J, Bednar D, Mazurenko S, Prokop Z. Tools for computational design and high-throughput screening of therapeutic enzymes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114143. [PMID: 35167900 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic enzymes are valuable biopharmaceuticals in various biomedical applications. They have been successfully applied for fibrinolysis, cancer treatment, enzyme replacement therapies, and the treatment of rare diseases. Still, there is a permanent demand to find new or better therapeutic enzymes, which would be sufficiently soluble, stable, and active to meet specific medical needs. Here, we highlight the benefits of coupling computational approaches with high-throughput experimental technologies, which significantly accelerate the identification and engineering of catalytic therapeutic agents. New enzymes can be identified in genomic and metagenomic databases, which grow thanks to next-generation sequencing technologies exponentially. Computational design and machine learning methods are being developed to improve catalytically potent enzymes and predict their properties to guide the selection of target enzymes. High-throughput experimental pipelines, increasingly relying on microfluidics, ensure functional screening and biochemical characterization of target enzymes to reach efficient therapeutic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vasina
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Velecký
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joan Planas-Iglesias
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio M Marques
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Skarupova
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic; Enantis, INBIT, Kamenice 34, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislav Mazurenko
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Loschmidt Laboratories, RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Akbari J. Design of two Inertial-based microfluidic devices for cancer cell separation from Blood: A serpentine inertial device and an integrated inertial and magnetophoretic device. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
53
|
Heins A, Hoang MD, Weuster‐Botz D. Advances in automated real-time flow cytometry for monitoring of bioreactor processes. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:260-278. [PMID: 35382548 PMCID: PMC8961054 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry and its technological possibilities have greatly advanced in the past decade as analysis tool for single cell properties and population distributions of different cell types in bioreactors. Along the way, some solutions for automated real-time flow cytometry (ART-FCM) were developed for monitoring of bioreactor processes without operator interference over extended periods with variable sampling frequency. However, there is still great potential for ART-FCM to evolve and possibly become a standard application in bioprocess monitoring and process control. This review first addresses different components of an ART-FCM, including the sampling device, the sample-processing unit, the unit for sample delivery to the flow cytometer and the settings for measurement of pre-processed samples. Also, available algorithms are presented for automated data analysis of multi-parameter fluorescence datasets derived from ART-FCM experiments. Furthermore, challenges are discussed for integration of fluorescence-activated cell sorting into an ART-FCM setup for isolation and separation of interesting subpopulations that can be further characterized by for instance omics-methods. As the application of ART-FCM is especially of interest for bioreactor process monitoring, including investigation of population heterogeneity and automated process control, a summary of already existing setups for these purposes is given. Additionally, the general future potential of ART-FCM is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna‐Lena Heins
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Manh Dat Hoang
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Dirk Weuster‐Botz
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abedini-Nassab R, Ding X, Xie H. A novel magnetophoretic-based device for magnetometry and separation of single magnetic particles and magnetized cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:738-746. [PMID: 35040849 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles in medicine and biology is expanding. One important example is the transport of magnetic microparticles and magnetized cells in lab-on-a-chip systems. The magnetic susceptibility of the particles is a key factor in determining their response to the externally applied magnetic field. Typically, to measure this parameter, their magnetophoretic mobility is studied. However, the particle tracking system for accurately determining the traveled distance in a certain time may be too complicated. Here, we introduce a lithographically fabricated chip composed of an array of thin magnetic micro-disks for evaluating the magnetic susceptibility of numerous individual magnetic particles simultaneously. The proposed novel magnetometer works based on the phase change in the trajectory of microparticles circulating around the disks in a rotating in-plane magnetic field. We explain that the easily detectable transition between the "phase-locked" and the "phase-slipping" regimes and the frequency at which it happens are appropriate parameters for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of the magnetic particles at the single-particle level. We show that this high-throughput (i.e., ∼ten thousand particles on a 1 cm2 area) single-particle magnetometry method has various crucial applications, including i) magnetic characterization of magnetic beads as well as magnetically labeled living cells, ii) determining the magnetization rate of the cells taking up magnetic nanoparticles with respect to time, iii) evaluating the rate of degradation of magnetic nanoparticles in cells over time, iv) detecting the number of target cells in a sample, and v) separating particles based on their size and magnetic susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Abedini-Nassab
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Xianting Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Afsaneh H, Mohammadi R. Microfluidic platforms for the manipulation of cells and particles. TALANTA OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
56
|
Lee S, Jeong M, Lee S, Lee SH, Choi JS. Mag-spinner: a next-generation Facile, Affordable, Simple, and porTable (FAST) magnetic separation system. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:792-800. [PMID: 36131828 PMCID: PMC9419614 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mag-spinner, a system in which magnets are combined with a spinner system, is a new type of magnetic separation system for the preprocessing of biological and medical samples. Interference by undesired components restricts the detection accuracy and efficiency. Thus, the development of appropriate separation techniques is required for better detection of the desired targets, to enrich the target analytes and remove the undesired components. The strong response of iron oxide nanoclusters can successfully capture the targets quickly and with high efficiency. As a result, cancer cells can be effectively separated from blood using the developed mag-spinner system. Indeed, this system satisfies the requirements for desirable separation systems, namely (i) fast sorting rates, (ii) high separation efficiency, (iii) the ability to process native biological fluids, (iv) simple operating procedures, (v) low cost, (vi) operational convenience, and (vii) portability. Therefore, this system is widely applicable to sample preparation without limitations on place, cost, and equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Jeong
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Dept. of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University 34134 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Choi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University 34158 Daejeon Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Wang M, Liao X, Tchounwou PB, Liu YM. Coupling a droplet generator with conventional ESI-MS for quantitative analysis of small-volume samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1809-1817. [PMID: 35061061 PMCID: PMC8828272 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of small-volume samples (e.g., < 1 μL) has been a challenge mainly due to the difficulties with sample handling and its injection into the system for analysis. Herein we report a microfluidic analytical platform coupling a droplet generator with conventional electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) that enables multiple analyses of a μL-sized sample with sensitivity and repeatability. In an analysis by droplet generator-assisted ESI-MS (DG-ESI-MS), a sample of μL volume is pulled into a sampling capillary and its equal nL-sized portions are generated by a droplet generator and analyzed by ESI-MS at time intervals of choice. The droplet generator is made of PMMA sheets by laser engraving conveniently and at a low cost. In a study to achieve effective ESI-MS detection of water-in-oil droplets, it's found that the problem of MS signal suppression by oil can be solved by using an appropriate organic carrier with ESI-enhancing additives. The proposed DG-ESI-MS method has linear calibration curves for both adenine and phenylalanine with LODs at the sub-μM level. Application of the present analytical platform for monitoring substrate concentration changes in an enzymatic reaction solution of 3 μL is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
Collapse
|
59
|
Amobonye A, Bhagwat P, Raveendran S, Singh S, Pillai S. Environmental Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Current Overview. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:768297. [PMID: 34975796 PMCID: PMC8714882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.768297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing distribution of miniaturized plastic particles, viz. microplastics (100 nm–5 mm) and nanoplastics (less than 100 nm), across the various ecosystems is currently a subject of major environmental concern. Exacerbating these concerns is the fact that microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) display different properties from their corresponding bulk materials; thus, not much is understood about their full biological and ecological implications. Currently, there is evidence to prove that these miniaturized plastic particles release toxic plastic additives and can adsorb various chemicals, thereby serving as sinks for various poisonous compounds, enhancing their bioavailability, toxicity, and transportation. Furthermore, there is a potential danger for the trophic transfer of MNPs to humans and other higher animals, after being ingested by lower organisms. Thus, this paper critically analyzes our current knowledge with regard to the environmental impacts of MNPs. In this regard, the properties, sources, and damaging effects of MNPs on different habitats, particularly on the biotic components, were elucidated. Similarly, the consequent detrimental effects of these particles on humans as well as the current and future efforts at mitigating these detrimental effects were discussed. Finally, the self-cleaning efforts of the planet via a range of saprophytic organisms on these synthetic particles were also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Amobonye
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Prashant Bhagwat
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sindhu Raveendran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum, India
| | - Suren Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Li X, Yang Y, Villareal SC, Griffin K, Pappas D. High-recovery sorting of cancer cells from whole blood via periodic-focusing inertial microchip. Analyst 2022; 147:4536-4546. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01310j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inertial microfluidic devices continue to show promise for label-free separation of cells from liquid biopsies and other biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Yijia Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Sarah C. Villareal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kitiara Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Liu X, Ma L, Yan W, Aazmi A, Fang M, Xu X, Kang H, Xu X. A review of recent progress toward the efficient separation of circulating tumor cells via micro‐/nanostructured microfluidic chips. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Minghe Fang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiuzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Hanyue Kang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of D&A for Metal‐Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Derakhshan R, Ramiar A, Ghasemi A. Continuous size-based DEP separation of particles using a bi-gap electrode pair. Analyst 2022; 147:5395-5408. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design, fabrication, and characterization of an advanced microfluidic device containing a bi-gap electrode pair for the continuous separation of three different populations of particles based on their size using DEP are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Derakhshan
- PhD Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, Microfluidics and MEMS lab, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Abas Ramiar
- Associate professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Microfluidics and MEMS lab, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Ghasemi
- PhD, Mechanical Engineering Department, Microfluidics and MEMS lab, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Tang H, Niu J, Jin H, Lin S, Cui D. Geometric structure design of passive label-free microfluidic systems for biological micro-object separation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:62. [PMID: 35685963 PMCID: PMC9170746 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Passive and label-free microfluidic devices have no complex external accessories or detection-interfering label particles. These devices are now widely used in medical and bioresearch applications, including cell focusing and cell separation. Geometric structure plays the most essential role when designing a passive and label-free microfluidic chip. An exquisitely designed geometric structure can change particle trajectories and improve chip performance. However, the geometric design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics have not been comprehensively acknowledged. Here, we review the geometric innovations of several microfluidic schemes, including deterministic lateral displacement (DLD), inertial microfluidics (IMF), and viscoelastic microfluidics (VEM), and summarize the most creative innovations and design principles of passive and label-free microfluidics. We aim to provide a guideline for researchers who have an interest in geometric innovations of passive label-free microfluidics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Han Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shujing Lin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 28 Jiangchuan Easternroad, Shanghai, 200241 China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Choi G, Tang Z, Guan W. Microfluidic high-throughput single-cell mechanotyping: Devices and
applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Xiang N, Ni Z. Electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter for size-based cell sorting. Talanta 2021; 235:122807. [PMID: 34517664 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conventional batch-top cell sorters are often bulky and expensive, and miniaturized microfluidic sorters available mostly require field generators and electricity-powered pumping systems. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, portable cell sorter that can be used in low resource settings is essential. In this study, we propose such an electricity-free hand-held inertial microfluidic sorter that can be used for the high-efficiency sorting of differently sized cells in a continuous and passive manner. The proposed hand-held sorter is composed of a wheel-shaped all-in-one syringe inertial microfluidic sorter (i-sorter) with flow stabilizer units and two spring-driven mechanical syringe drivers. The release of the compression spring in the mechanical syringe driver through a one-click operation provides the flow driving force. Passive flow stabilizer units in the i-sorter enable flow-rate-sensitive inertial cell separation for the unstable driving flow rate generated by the low-cost mechanical syringe driver. We successfully achieved sorting of differently sized particles and high-efficiency separation of rare tumor cells from the blood using the fabricated prototype. Our hand-held inertial microfluidic cell sorter has many advantages, including low device cost, simple electricity-free operation, compactness, and portability; additionally, samples do not need to be pre-labelled. Therefore, it has potential for use in low-resource settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zhou M, Shi X, Li X, Xiao G, Liang L, Ju J, Wang F, Xia Q, Sun W, Qiao Y, Yu L, Lu Z. Constructing Silk Fibroin-Based Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Devices via a Tape Mask-Assisted Multiple-Step Etching Technique. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8039-8048. [PMID: 35006785 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) has been regarded as a very promising biomaterial for the preparation of microfluidic devices. However, the facile and low-cost fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) RSF microfluidic devices is still a great challenge. Herein, we developed a tape-mask-assisted multiple-step etching technique to fabricate 3D microfluidic devices based on water-annealed RSF films. Several rounds of tape adhesion- or peeling-etching cycles need to be conducted to produce 3D features on the RSF films with the LiBr aqueous solution as the etchant. The water-annealed RSF films could be effectively etched with 1.0 g·mL-1 LiBr solution at 60 °C. The shape, width, and height of the 3D structures could be precisely tailored by controlling the mask pattern, etching conditions, and the number of etchings. Using the tape adhesion- and peeling-assisted multiple-etching techniques, the convex-pyramid-shaped and the concave-step-shaped structures could be successfully prepared on the RSF films, respectively. The RSF-film-based 3D micromixers and microfluidic separator were also manufactured with the proposed approach, exhibiting excellent liquid mixing and size-dependent particle sorting capabilities, respectively. The enzymatic degradation of RSF-film-based devices was also investigated to show their environmental friendliness. This work may not only provide a facile and low-cost method for the fabrication of RSF-based 3D microfluidic devices but also extend the applications of RSF in the fields of biomedical and chemical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhou
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Shi
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.,Sannuo Biosensing Company Limited, 265 Guyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410221, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Liping Liang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ju
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials, School of Materials & Energy, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Han X, Zhang Y, Tian J, Wu T, Li Z, Xing F, Fu S. Polymer‐based microfluidic devices: A comprehensive review on preparation and applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Jingkun Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Tiange Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Zongwen Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| | - Shenggui Fu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Dubay R, Urban JN, Darling EM. Single-Cell Microgels for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2009946. [PMID: 36329867 PMCID: PMC9629779 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202009946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation within hydrogel droplets is transforming what is feasible in multiple fields of biomedical science such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in vitro modeling, and cell-based therapies. Recent advances have allowed researchers to miniaturize material encapsulation complexes down to single-cell scales, where each complex, termed a single-cell microgel, contains only one cell surrounded by a hydrogel matrix while remaining <100 μm in size. With this achievement, studies requiring single-cell resolution are now possible, similar to those done using liquid droplet encapsulation. Of particular note, applications involving long-term in vitro cultures, modular bioinks, high-throughput screenings, and formation of 3D cellular microenvironments can be tuned independently to suit the needs of individual cells and experimental goals. In this progress report, an overview of established materials and techniques used to fabricate single-cell microgels, as well as insight into potential alternatives is provided. This focused review is concluded by discussing applications that have already benefited from single-cell microgel technologies, as well as prospective applications on the cusp of achieving important new capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dubay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Draper, 555 Technology Sq., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph N Urban
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, 175 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Alexovič M, Sabo J, Longuespée R. Automation of single-cell proteomic sample preparation. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100198. [PMID: 34570421 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Molecular heterogeneity exists at different spatial scales in biological samples and is an important parameter in the development of pathologies and resistances to therapies. When aiming to reach molecular heterogeneity of cells at extremely low spatial scales, single-cell analysis can be the ultimate choice. Proteomics performed in bulk population of cells (macroproteomics) is prone to mask molecular heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry-based single cell proteomics (SCP-MS) is the right solution to overcome this issue. Three main problems can be identified using SCP-MS: (i) analytical loss during sample preparation, (ii) inefficient microinjection/delivery of proteins/peptides from samples to MS and (iii) low analytical throughput. Technologies for automation of SCP have recently gained attention to improve methods accuracy, sensitivity, throughput and in-depth and low-biased proteome analysis. In this minireview, we therefore overview the state-of-the-art of automation of SCP-MS sample preparation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Alexovič
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Sabo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Taatizadeh E, Dalili A, Rellstab-Sánchez PI, Tahmooressi H, Ravishankara A, Tasnim N, Najjaran H, Li ITS, Hoorfar M. Micron-sized particle separation with standing surface acoustic wave-Experimental and numerical approaches. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105651. [PMID: 34242866 PMCID: PMC8267599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cell/particle isolation methods are time-consuming and expensive and can lead to morphology disruptions due to high induced shear stress. To address these problems, novel lab-on-a-chip-based purification methods have been employed. Among various methods introduced for the separation and purification of cells and synthetics particles, acoustofluidics has been one of the most effective methods. Unlike traditional separation techniques carried out in clinical laboratories based on chemical properties, the acoustofluidic process relies on the physical properties of the sample. Using acoustofluidics, manipulating cells and particles can be achieved in a label-free, contact-free, and highly biocompatible manner. To optimize the functionality of the platform, the numerical study should be taken into account before conducting experimental tests to save time and reduce fabrication expenses. Most current numerical studies have only considered one-dimensional harmonic standing waves to simulate the acoustic pressure distribution. However, one-dimensional simulations cannot calculate the actual acoustic pressure distribution inside the microchannel due to its limitation in considering longitudinal waves. To address this limitation, a two-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted in this study. Our numerical simulation investigates the effects of the platform geometrical and operational conditions on the separation efficiency. Next, the optimal values are tested in an experimental setting to validate these optimal parameters and conditions. This work provides a guideline for future acoustofluidic chip designs with a high degree of reproducibility and efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Taatizadeh
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculties of Applied Science and Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Pamela Inés Rellstab-Sánchez
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Hamed Tahmooressi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Adithya Ravishankara
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Homayoun Najjaran
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Isaac T S Li
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Liu G, Lei J, Cheng F, Li K, Ji X, Huang Z, Guo Z. Ultrasonic Particle Manipulation in Glass Capillaries: A Concise Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:876. [PMID: 34442498 PMCID: PMC8398087 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic particle manipulation (UPM), a non-contact and label-free method that uses ultrasonic waves to manipulate micro- or nano-scale particles, has recently gained significant attention in the microfluidics community. Moreover, glass is optically transparent and has dimensional stability, distinct acoustic impedance to water and a high acoustic quality factor, making it an excellent material for constructing chambers for ultrasonic resonators. Over the past several decades, glass capillaries are increasingly designed for a variety of UPMs, e.g., patterning, focusing, trapping and transporting of micron or submicron particles. Herein, we review established and emerging glass capillary-transducer devices, describing their underlying mechanisms of operation, with special emphasis on the application of glass capillaries with fluid channels of various cross-sections (i.e., rectangular, square and circular) on UPM. We believe that this review will provide a superior guidance for the design of glass capillary-based UPM devices for acoustic tweezers-based research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuanrong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhigang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Akbari J. Design of a Hybrid Inertial and Magnetophoretic Microfluidic Device for CTCs Separation from Blood. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:877. [PMID: 34442499 PMCID: PMC8401779 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation from a blood sample plays an important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Microfluidics offers a great potential for cancer cell separation from the blood. Among the microfluidic-based methods for CTC separation, the inertial method as a passive method and magnetic method as an active method are two efficient well-established methods. Here, we investigated the combination of these two methods to separate CTCs from a blood sample in a single chip. Firstly, numerical simulations were performed to analyze the fluid flow within the proposed channel, and the particle trajectories within the inertial cell separation unit were investigated to determine/predict the particle trajectories within the inertial channel in the presence of fluid dynamic forces. Then, the designed device was fabricated using the soft-lithography technique. Later, the CTCs were conjugated with magnetic nanoparticles and Ep-CAM antibodies to improve the magnetic susceptibility of the cells in the presence of a magnetic field by using neodymium permanent magnets of 0.51 T. A diluted blood sample containing nanoparticle-conjugated CTCs was injected into the device at different flow rates to analyze its performance. It was found that the flow rate of 1000 µL/min resulted in the highest recovery rate and purity of ~95% and ~93% for CTCs, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; (R.N.); (J.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Dalili A, Hoorfar M. Sheath-assisted versus sheathless dielectrophoretic particle separation. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1570-1577. [PMID: 34196426 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-chip devices are widely being used for binary and ternary cell/particle separation applications. Among the lab-on-chip methods, dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a cost-effective and label-free method, with great capabilities for size-based separation of cells and particles, which is mostly performed in sheath-assisted forms. However, the elimination of the sheath flows offers advantages such as ease of operation and higher sample throughput. In this work, we present a comparison of sheath-assisted and sheathless DEP separation of three sizes of microparticles using tilted electrodes. The sheath-assisted design was capable of separating the 5, 10, and 15 μm particles with a separation efficiency as high as 98.0% for 15 μm particles. By adding a DEP focusing region, a sheathless DEP separator was proposed, which offered higher throughputs (up to 10 times) at the cost of lowering the separation efficiency (a reduction up to 10.3% for 15 μm) compared to the sheath-assisted design. To enhance the separation efficiency, a combination of the DEP focusing accompanied by weak sheath flows from both sides was proposed. This design achieved the highest sample separation yield in the outlets (as high as 98.7% for 15 μm) with a sample throughput of more than 4.2 μL/min. This study provides insights into the choice of an appropriate platform for any application in which the yield, purity, throughput, and portability must be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Ryan L, Wong Y, Dwyer KM, Clarke D, Kyprian L, Craig JM. Coprocytobiology: A Technical Review of Cytological Colorectal Cancer Screening in Fecal Samples. SLAS Technol 2021; 26:591-604. [PMID: 34219541 DOI: 10.1177/24726303211024562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Ryan
- Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - YenTing Wong
- Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Park J, Park JK. Pushbutton-activated microfluidic cartridge as a user-friendly sample preparation tool for diagnostics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:041302. [PMID: 34257794 PMCID: PMC8270647 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have several advantages in sample preparation for diagnostics but suffer from the need for an external operation system that hampers user-friendliness. To overcome this limitation in microfluidic technologies, a number of user-friendly methods utilizing capillary force, degassed poly(dimethylsiloxane), pushbutton-driven pressure, a syringe, or a pipette have been reported. Among these methods, the pushbutton-driven, pressure-based method has a great potential to be widely used as a user-friendly sample preparation tool for point-of-care testing or portable diagnostics. In this Perspective, we focus on the pushbutton-activated microfluidic technologies toward a user-friendly sample preparation tool. The working principle and recent advances in pushbutton-activated microfluidic technologies are briefly reviewed, and future perspectives for wide application are discussed in terms of integration with the signal analysis system, user-dependent variation, and universal and facile use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Ma J, Wu Y, Liu Y, Ji Y, Yang M, Zhu H. Cell-sorting centrifugal microfluidic chip with a flow rectifier. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2129-2141. [PMID: 33928337 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidic chips offer rapid, highly integrable and simultaneous multi-channel microfluidic control without relying on external pressure pumps and pipelines. Current centrifugal microfluidic chips mainly separate particles of differing density based on the sedimentation method. However, in some biological cells, the volume difference is more notable than the density difference. In particular, cancer cells are generally larger than normal cells. The instability of particle velocity caused by the non-steady flow of the fluid in the centrifugal microfluidic chip leads to low separation purity of particles of different sizes. Thus, we propose herein a centrifugal microfluidic chip with a flow rectifier that transforms the centrifugal non-steady flow into locally steady flow with continuous flow. This chip resolves the problems caused by particle sedimentation in the sample chamber and non-steady flow and greatly improves the recovery ratio and separation purity of target particles. Therefore, it can be used to separate particles of differing size. The experimental results show that the chip can separate an equal-volume mixture of 25 μm and 12 μm polystyrene particles diluted 50 times with a ratio of 1 : 6 and obtain a recovery ratio and separation purity better than 95% for the 25 μm particles. In addition, rare tumour cells are separated from high-concentration white blood cells (ratio 1 : 25) with a recovery ratio of 90.4% ± 2.4% and separation purity of 83.0% ± 3.8%. In conclusion, this chip is promising for sorting of various biological cells and has significant potential for use in biomedical and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China. and School of optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Yongshun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Yuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China. and School of optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Public-Health-Driven Microfluidic Technologies: From Separation to Detection. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040391. [PMID: 33918189 PMCID: PMC8066776 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Separation and detection are ubiquitous in our daily life and they are two of the most important steps toward practical biomedical diagnostics and industrial applications. A deep understanding of working principles and examples of separation and detection enables a plethora of applications from blood test and air/water quality monitoring to food safety and biosecurity; none of which are irrelevant to public health. Microfluidics can separate and detect various particles/aerosols as well as cells/viruses in a cost-effective and easy-to-operate manner. There are a number of papers reviewing microfluidic separation and detection, but to the best of our knowledge, the two topics are normally reviewed separately. In fact, these two themes are closely related with each other from the perspectives of public health: understanding separation or sorting technique will lead to the development of new detection methods, thereby providing new paths to guide the separation routes. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is two-fold: reporting the latest developments in the application of microfluidics for separation and outlining the emerging research in microfluidic detection. The dominating microfluidics-based passive separation methods and detection methods are discussed, along with the future perspectives and challenges being discussed. Our work inspires novel development of separation and detection methods for the benefits of public health.
Collapse
|
78
|
Rastogi N, Seth P, Bhat R, Sen P. Vortex chip incorporating an orthogonal turn for size-based isolation of circulating cells. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1159:338423. [PMID: 33867033 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Size-based label-free separation of rare cells such as CTCs is attractive due to its wider applicability, simpler sample preparation, faster turnaround and better efficiency. Amongst such methods, vortex-trapping based techniques offer high throughput but operate at high flow velocities where the resulting hydrodynamic shear stress is likely to damage cells and compromise their viability for subsequent assays. We present here an orthogonal vortex chip which can carry out size-differentiated trapping at significantly lower (38% of previously reported) velocities. Composed of entry-exit channels that couple orthogonally to a trapping chamber, fluid flow in such configuration results in formation of a vortex which selectively traps larger particles above a critical velocity while smaller particles get ejected with the flow. We call this phenomenon the turn-effect. Critical velocities and optimal architectures for trapping of cells and particles of different sizes are characterized. We explain how shear-gradient lift, centrifugal and Dean flow drag forces contribute to the turn-effect by pushing particles into specific vortex orbits in a size- and velocity-dependent fashion. Selective trapping of human breast cancer cells mixed with whole blood at low concentration is demonstrated. The device shows promising results for gentle isolation of rare cells from blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Rastogi
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Pranjal Seth
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Yang SM, Lin Q, Zhang H, Yin R, Zhang W, Zhang M, Cui Y. Dielectrophoresis assisted high-throughput detection system for multiplexed immunoassays. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113148. [PMID: 33714162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Digital ELISA is introduced as a novel platform with unique advantages for detecting multiple kinds of single-molecule in the sample. How to improve the sensitivity of detection is the direction of current related research. Here, we report an immunoassay method that applied electrokinetic effects to isolate the individual encoded beads and confine in micro-wells to improve the efficiency of cytokines detection simultaneously. The microfluidic design provided a non-uniform electric field to induce dielectrophoresis (DEP) force and to manipulate the beads. Two wavelengths of excitation light excited the encoded beads for simultaneous detection of reporters. The light was confined to the bottom slide via the principle of total internal reflection. Finally, the concentration of captured cytokines was obtained by picking up each bead from the image and then integrating the intensity of fluorescent light emitted from the reporters. The results demonstrated that the fill percentage of encoded beads was raised from 10-20% to 60-80% via DEP effect. By comparing the fluorescence color of the particle, itself and its surface, the concentration of four target cytokines, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, were calculated to the pg/ml level. The spike and recovery experiments verified the efficiency, more than 70% of the target molecules were captured. The reliability of our method was verified by flow cytometry as well. In conclusion, we expect the application of DEP can increase the sensitivity of digital ELISA for multiple rapid detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Mo Yang
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Lin
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixue Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Yubao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Gopalakrishnan S, Pan S, Fernandez A, Lee J, Bai Y, Wang LS, Thayumanavan S, Duan X, Rotello VM. Hypersound-Assisted Size Sorting of Microparticles on Inkjet-Patterned Protein Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2826-2832. [PMID: 33577731 PMCID: PMC10590123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic approaches are important for biomedical diagnostics, chemical analysis, and a broad range of industrial applications. Size-based separation and sorting is an important tool for these applications. We report the integration of hypersound technology with patterned protein films to provide efficient sorting of microparticles based on particle charge and size. We employed a hypersonic resonator for the acoustic streaming of the fluidic system to generate microvortices that exert drag forces on the objects on the surface that are dictated by their radius of curvature. We demonstrate a size-based sorting of anionic silica particles using protein patterns and gradients fabricated using attractive cationic and repulsive anionic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuting Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Sun L, Peng C, Luo Y, Chen L, Chen Z, Xiao M, Duan R, Dong LY, Guo H, Wang XH. Visual detection of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with cell imprinted substrate and pH-sensitive allochroic-graphene oxide. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111966. [PMID: 33812594 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we integrate cell-imprinted substrate (CIS) and allochroic-graphene oxide (AGO) for specific visualization sorting of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The state-of-the-art-of detection method relies on the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like sandwich strategy with hierarchical recognition. The target tumor cells are first selectively captured by the CIS based on cell imprinted recognition, and then specifically labeled with AGO by boronate affinity recognition between boronic acid on AGO and cis-diols on the surface of target cells. The selectively recognition of CIS for target template cells is verified by cell function experiments. It is also worth mentioning that the AGO can specifically recognize target tumor cells under physiological pH, and then perform signal amplification and output through pH-triggered allochroism. The CIS linked AGO for cell assay (CIS-AGO-CA) is successfully used for visualization detection of human hepatocarcinoma HLE cells from hepatocyte suspension. When the hepatocyte suspension is spiked with 1.0 × 105 cells, the recoveries of CIS-AGO-CA are 80.67 ± 4.33% for target HLE cells, and only 12.00 ± 1.00% for non-target Hep3B cells. It is worth emphasizing that the CIS-AGO-CA process is antibody-free. Therefore, this novel ELISA-like sandwich strategy is high specificity, cost-efficient and easy-to-use, and exhibits great prospect in the visualization sorting of tumor subpopulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ziye Chen
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Manyu Xiao
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lin-Yi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China.
| | - Xian-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Kong TF, Tan PY, Tay BZ, Shen X, Marcos. Bacteria and cancer cell pearl chain under dielectrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1070-1078. [PMID: 33442876 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we aim to observe and study the physics of bacteria and cancer cells pearl chain formation under dielectrophoresis (DEP). Experimentally, we visualized the formation of Bacillus subtilis bacterial pearl chain and human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) chain under positive and negative dielectrophoretic force, respectively. Through a simple simulation with creeping flow, AC/DC electric fields, and particle tracing modules in COMSOL, we examined the mechanism by which bacteria self-organize into a pearl chain across the gap between two electrodes via DEP. Our simulation results reveal that the region of greatest positive DEP force shifts from the electrode edge to the leading edge of the pearl chain, thus guiding the trajectories of free-flowing particles toward the leading edge via positive DEP. Our findings additionally highlight the mechanism why the free-flowing particles are more likely to join the existing pearl chain rather than starting a new pearl chain. This phenomenon is primarily due to the increase in magnitude of electric field gradient, and hence DEP force exerted, with the shortening gap between the pearl chain leading edge and the adjacent electrode. The findings shed light on the observed behavior of preferential pearl chain formation across electrode gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fook Kong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Pei Yen Tan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Zikai Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, NTU Institute for Health Technologies (HealthTech NTU), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xinhui Shen
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Marcos
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Honrado C, Bisegna P, Swami NS, Caselli F. Single-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry: from raw signals to cell phenotypes using data analytics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:22-54. [PMID: 33331376 PMCID: PMC7909465 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical analysis of single-cells by microfluidic impedance cytometry is emerging as a label-free and high-throughput means to stratify the heterogeneity of cellular systems based on their electrophysiology. Emerging applications range from fundamental life-science and drug assessment research to point-of-care diagnostics and precision medicine. Recently, novel chip designs and data analytic strategies are laying the foundation for multiparametric cell characterization and subpopulation distinction, which are essential to understand biological function, follow disease progression and monitor cell behaviour in microsystems. In this tutorial review, we present a comparative survey of the approaches to elucidate cellular and subcellular features from impedance cytometry data, covering the related subjects of device design, data analytics (i.e., signal processing, dielectric modelling, population clustering), and phenotyping applications. We give special emphasis to the exciting recent developments of the technique (timeframe 2017-2020) and provide our perspective on future challenges and directions. Its synergistic application with microfluidic separation, sensor science and machine learning can form an essential toolkit for label-free quantification and isolation of subpopulations to stratify heterogeneous biosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Honrado
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Tsai HY, Hsu CN, Li CR, Lin YH, Hsiao WT, Huang KC, Yeh JA. Surface Wettability and Electrical Resistance Analysis of Droplets on Indium-Tin-Oxide Glass Fabricated Using an Ultraviolet Laser System. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010044. [PMID: 33401451 PMCID: PMC7824366 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as a substrate for fabricating chips because of its optical transparency, favorable chemical stability, and high electrical conductivity. However, the wettability of ITO surface is neutral (the contact angle was approximately 90°) or hydrophilic. For reagent transporting and manipulation in biochip application, the surface wettability of ITO-based chips was modified to the hydrophobic or nearly hydrophobic surface to enable their use with droplets. Due to the above demand, this study used a 355-nm ultraviolet laser to fabricate a comb microstructure on ITO glass to modify the surface wettability characteristics. All of the fabrication patterns with various line width and pitch, depth, and surface roughness were employed. Subsequently, the contact angle (CA) of droplets on the ITO glass was analyzed to examine wettability and electrical performance by using the different voltages applied to the electrode. The proposed approach can succeed in the fabrication of a biochip with suitable comb-microstructure by using the optimal operating voltage and time functions for the catch droplets on ITO glass for precision medicine application. The experiment results indicated that the CA of droplets under a volume of 20 μL on flat ITO substrate was approximately 92° ± 2°; furthermore, due to its lowest surface roughness, the pattern line width and pitch of 110 μm exhibited a smaller CA variation and more favorable spherical droplet morphology, with a side and front view CA of 83° ± 1° and 78.5° ± 2.5°, respectively, while a laser scanning speed of 750 mm/s was employed. Other line width and pitch, as well as scanning speed parameters, increased the surface roughness and resulted in the surface becoming hydrophilic. In addition, to prevent droplet morphology collapse, the droplet’s electric operation voltage and driving time did not exceed 5 V and 20 s, respectively. With this method, the surface modification process can be employed to control the droplet’s CA by adjusting the line width and pitch and the laser scanning speed, especially in the neutral or nearly hydrophobic surface for droplet transporting. This enables the production of a microfluidic chip with a surface that is both light transmittance and has favorable electrical conductivity. In addition, the shape of the microfluidic chip can be directly designed and fabricated using a laser direct writing system on ITO glass, obviating the use of a mask and complicated production processes in biosensing and biomanipulation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Tsai
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.H.)
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Ning Hsu
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Cheng-Ru Li
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Wen-Tse Hsiao
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.H.)
| | - Kuo-Cheng Huang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan; (H.-Y.T.); (C.-N.H.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3577-9911
| | - J. Andrew Yeh
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Hashemi Shahraki Z, Navidbakhsh M, Taylor RA. Inertial cell sorting of microparticle-laden flows: An innovative OpenFOAM-based arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian numerical approach. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:014111. [PMID: 33643513 PMCID: PMC7896837 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The need for cell and particle sorting in human health care and biotechnology applications is undeniable. Inertial microfluidics has proven to be an effective cell and particle sorting technology in many of these applications. Still, only a limited understanding of the underlying physics of particle migration is currently available due to the complex inertial and impact forces arising from particle-particle and particle-wall interactions. Thus, even though it would likely enable significant advances in the field, very few studies have tried to simulate particle-laden flows in inertial microfluidic devices. To address this, this study proposes new codes (solved in OpenFOAM software) that capture all the salient inertial forces, including the four-way coupling between the conveying fluid and the suspended particles traveling a spiral microchannel. Additionally, these simulations are relatively (computationally) inexpensive since the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation allows the fluid elements to be much larger than the particles. In this study, simulations were conducted for two different spiral microchannel cross sections (e.g., rectangular and trapezoidal) for comparison against previously published experimental results. The results indicate good agreement with experiments in terms of (monodisperse) particle focusing positions, and the codes can readily be extended to simulate two different particle types. This new numerical approach is significant because it opens the door to rapid geometric and flow rate optimization in order to improve the efficiency and purity of cell and particle sorting in biotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Navidbakhsh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846, Iran
| | - Robert A Taylor
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
|
87
|
Dalili A, Sattati A, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Sheath-assisted focusing of microparticles on lab-on-a-chip platforms. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:2188-2196. [PMID: 33043482 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technologies can take advantage of sheath flows for particle/cell focusing before sensing or sorting. The integration of focusing with other microscale manipulation techniques (e.g., sorting) creates a trade-off between the throughput of the device and its performance. Therefore, exploring the effective parameters for cells/particles focusing enables us to improve the desired output of LOC devices. A common configuration for sheath-assisted focusing is Y junctions, which are parametrically studied in this paper. First, a computational model was developed and validated by comparing it with our experimental results. Using COMSOL Multiphysics modeling, the effects of multiple parameters were studied. These parameters include the sheath flow ratio (sheath flow over total flow), width ratio (width of the sheath inlet over the total width), junction angles, and particle size on the focusing width and the distribution of the particles within the focusing region. Then, the numerical data were used to develop two generalized linear models to predict the focusing width of the particles and the standard deviation of the position of the particles. The results showed that the focusing width is greatly impacted by the sheath flow rate ratio. Further, the standard deviation of the position of the particles, which represents the concentration of the particles, is mostly dependent on the flow rate ratio, width ratio, and particle size. Our results provide a better understanding of how the device geometrical and operational factors affect the position of the particles in the development of high-performance on-chip sensing and sorting of both cells and particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Amirmohammad Sattati
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Visualization and Measurements of Blood Cells Flowing in Microfluidic Systems and Blood Rheology: A Personalized Medicine Perspective. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040249. [PMID: 33256123 PMCID: PMC7712771 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorheological alterations in the majority of metabolic diseases are always connected with blood rheology disturbances, such as the increase of blood and plasma viscosity, cell aggregation enhancement, and reduction of the red blood cells (RBCs) deformability. Thus, the visualizations and measurements of blood cells deformability flowing in microfluidic devices (point-of-care devices) can provide vital information to diagnose early symptoms of blood diseases and consequently to be used as a fast clinical tool for early detection of biomarkers. For instance, RBCs rigidity has been correlated with myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, among other blood diseases. In order to better understand the blood cells behavior in microfluidic devices, rheological properties analysis is gaining interest by the biomedical committee, since it is strongly dependent on the interactions and mechanical cells proprieties. In addition, the development of blood analogue fluids capable of reproducing the rheological properties of blood and mimic the RBCs behavior at in vitro conditions is crucial for the design, performance and optimization of the microfluidic devices frequently used for personalized medicine. By combining the unique features of the hemorheology and microfluidic technology for single-cell analysis, valuable advances in personalized medicine for new treatments and diagnosis approach can be achieved.
Collapse
|
89
|
LaBelle CA, Massaro A, Cortés-Llanos B, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Image-Based Live Cell Sorting. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:613-623. [PMID: 33190968 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technologies capable of cell separation based on cell images provide powerful tools enabling cell selection criteria that rely on spatially or temporally varying properties. Image-based cell sorting (IBCS) systems utilize microfluidic or microarray platforms, each having unique characteristics and applications. The advent of IBCS marks a new paradigm in which cell phenotype and behavior can be explored with high resolution and tied to cellular physiological and omics data, providing a deeper understanding of single-cell physiology and the creation of cell lines with unique properties. Cell sorting guided by high-content image information has far-reaching implications in biomedical research, clinical medicine, and pharmaceutical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody A LaBelle
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angelo Massaro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christopher E Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Pei H, Li L, Han Z, Wang Y, Tang B. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for circulating tumor cells: enrichment, single-cell analysis, and liquid biopsy for clinical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3854-3875. [PMID: 33107879 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) detach from primary or metastatic lesions and circulate in the peripheral blood, which is considered to be the cause of distant metastases. CTC analysis in the form of liquid biopsy, enumeration and molecular analysis provide significant clinical information for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Despite the great clinical value, CTC analysis has not yet entered routine clinical practice due to lack of efficient technologies to perform CTC isolation and single-cell analysis. Taking the rarity and inherent heterogeneity of CTCs into account, reliable methods for CTC isolation and detection are in urgent demand for obtaining valuable information on cancer metastasis and progression from CTCs. Microfluidic technology, featuring microfabricated structures, can precisely control fluids and cells at the micrometer scale, thus making itself a particularly suitable method for rare CTC manipulation. Besides the enrichment function, microfluidic chips can also realize the analysis function by integrating multiple detection technologies. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in CTC isolation and detection using microfluidic technologies, with special attention to emerging direct enrichment and enumeration in vivo. Further, few insights into single CTC molecular analysis are also demonstrated. We have provided a review of potential clinical applications of CTCs, ranging from early screening and diagnosis, tumor progression and prognosis, treatment and resistance monitoring, to therapeutic evaluation. Through this review, we conclude that the clinical utility of CTCs will be expanded as the isolation and analysis techniques are constantly improving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haimeng Pei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Çağlayan Z, Demircan Yalçın Y, Külah H. A Prominent Cell Manipulation Technique in BioMEMS: Dielectrophoresis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E990. [PMID: 33153069 PMCID: PMC7693018 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BioMEMS, the biological and biomedical applications of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), has attracted considerable attention in recent years and has found widespread applications in disease detection, advanced diagnosis, therapy, drug delivery, implantable devices, and tissue engineering. One of the most essential and leading goals of the BioMEMS and biosensor technologies is to develop point-of-care (POC) testing systems to perform rapid prognostic or diagnostic tests at a patient site with high accuracy. Manipulation of particles in the analyte of interest is a vital task for POC and biosensor platforms. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the induced movement of particles in a non-uniform electrical field due to polarization effects, is an accurate, fast, low-cost, and marker-free manipulation technique. It has been indicated as a promising method to characterize, isolate, transport, and trap various particles. The aim of this review is to provide fundamental theory and principles of DEP technique, to explain its importance for the BioMEMS and biosensor fields with detailed references to readers, and to identify and exemplify the application areas in biosensors and POC devices. Finally, the challenges faced in DEP-based systems and the future prospects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Çağlayan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Demircan Yalçın
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- Mikro Biyosistemler Electronics Inc., Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | - Haluk Külah
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (Z.Ç.); (Y.D.Y.)
- METU MEMS Research and Application Center, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Mikro Biyosistemler Electronics Inc., Ankara 06530, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Sobahi N, Han A. High-throughput and label-free multi-outlet cell counting using a single pair of impedance electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
93
|
Choi YH, Kim JA, Lee W. Changes of Inertial Focusing Position in a Triangular Channel Depending on Droplet Deformability and Size. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E839. [PMID: 32906834 PMCID: PMC7570260 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies on cell separation with inertial microfluidics are often carried out with solid particles initially. When this condition is applied for actual cell separations, the efficiency typically becomes lower because of the polydispersity and deformability of cells. Therefore, the understanding of deformability-induced lift force is essential to achieve highly efficient cell separation. We investigate the inertial focusing positions of viscous droplets in a triangular channel while varying Re, deformability, and droplet size. With increasing Re and decreasing droplet size, the top focusing position splits and shifts along the sidewalls. The threshold size of the focusing position splitting increases for droplets with larger deformability. The overall path of the focusing position shifts with increasing Re also has a strong dependency on deformability. Consequently, droplets of the same size can have different focusing positions depending on their deformability. The feasibility of deformability-based cell separation is shown by different focusing positions of MCF10a and MCF7 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo-han Choi
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Jeong-ah Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Wonhee Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Migisha Ntwali P, Heo CE, Han JY, Chae SY, Kim M, Vu HM, Kim MS, Kim HI. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of single cells and organoids: The new generation of cancer research. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
95
|
Tottori N, Muramoto Y, Sakai H, Nisisako T. Nanoparticle Separation through Deterministic Lateral Displacement Arrays in Poly(dimethylsiloxane). JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.19we160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naotomo Tottori
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | | | | | - Takasi Nisisako
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Sattari A, Hanafizadeh P, Hoorfar M. Multiphase flow in microfluidics: From droplets and bubbles to the encapsulated structures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 282:102208. [PMID: 32721624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have a unique ability to control more precisely and effectively on two-phase flow systems in comparison with macro systems. Controlling the size of the droplets and bubbles has led to an ever-increasing expansion of this technology in two-phase systems. Liquid-liquid and gas-liquid two-phase flows because of their numerous applications in different branches such as reactions, synthesis, emulsions, cosmetic, food, drug delivery, etc. have been the most critical two-phase flows in microfluidic systems. This review highlights recent progress in two-phase flows in microfluidic devices. The fundamentals of two-phase flows, including some essential dimensionless numbers, governing equations, and some most well-known numerical methods are firstly introduced, followed by a review of standard methods for producing segmented flows such as emulsions in microfluidic systems. Then various encapsulated structures, a common two-phase flow structure in microfluidic devices, and different methods of their production are reviewed. Finally, applications of two-phase microfluidic flows in drug-delivery, biotechnology, mixing, and microreactors are briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
97
|
Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Akbari J, Tebon P, R. Dokmeci M, Ahadian S. Design and Simulation of an Integrated Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for CTCs Separation and Cell Lysis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E699. [PMID: 32698447 PMCID: PMC7407509 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Separation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples and subsequent DNA extraction from these cells play a crucial role in cancer research and drug discovery. Microfluidics is a versatile technology that has been applied to create niche solutions to biomedical applications, such as cell separation and mixing, droplet generation, bioprinting, and organs on a chip. Centrifugal microfluidic biochips created on compact disks show great potential in processing biological samples for point of care diagnostics. This study investigates the design and numerical simulation of an integrated microfluidic device, including a cell separation unit for isolating CTCs from a blood sample and a micromixer unit for cell lysis on a rotating disk platform. For this purpose, an inertial microfluidic device was designed for the separation of target cells by using contraction-expansion microchannel arrays. Additionally, a micromixer was incorporated to mix separated target cells with the cell lysis chemical reagent to dissolve their membranes to facilitate further assays. Our numerical simulation approach was validated for both cell separation and micromixer units and corroborates existing experimental results. In the first compartment of the proposed device (cell separation unit), several simulations were performed at different angular velocities from 500 rpm to 3000 rpm to find the optimum angular velocity for maximum separation efficiency. By using the proposed inertial separation approach, CTCs, were successfully separated from white blood cells (WBCs) with high efficiency (~90%) at an angular velocity of 2000 rpm. Furthermore, a serpentine channel with rectangular obstacles was designed to achieve a highly efficient micromixer unit with high mixing quality (~98%) for isolated CTCs lysis at 2000 rpm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; (R.N.); (J.A.)
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; (R.N.); (J.A.)
| | - Javad Akbari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; (R.N.); (J.A.)
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (P.T.); (M.R.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Dalili A, Taatizadeh E, Tahmooressi H, Tasnim N, Rellstab-Sánchez PI, Shaunessy M, Najjaran H, Hoorfar M. Parametric study on the geometrical parameters of a lab-on-a-chip platform with tilted planar electrodes for continuous dielectrophoretic manipulation of microparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11718. [PMID: 32678180 PMCID: PMC7366698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices have led to significant improvements in the on-chip manipulation, separation, sorting, and isolation of particles and cells. Among various LOC-based approaches such as inertia-based methods, acoustophoresis, and magnetophoresis, the planar-slanted-electrode dielectrophoresis (DEP) method has demonstrated great potential as a label-free, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach. However, the devices built based on this method suffer from low flow throughput compared to devices functioning based on other LOC-based manipulation approaches. In order to overcome this obstacle, the geometrical parameters of these types of DEP-based devices must be studied to increase the effectiveness of DEP manipulation. With the consideration of both numerical and experimental studies, this paper studies the geometrical factors of a LOC platform consisting of tilted planar electrodes with the goal of achieving higher throughput in continuous manipulation of polystyrene particles. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to study the effect of the electrodes geometry on the induced electric field. The simulation results show that by increasing the electrode's width and decreasing the electrode's spacing, higher DEP force is generated. Furthermore, the experimental outcomes indicated that lower channel height, higher voltage, and larger particle size resulted in the most improvement to DEP manipulation. Additionally, the experimental results demonstrated that slanted electrodes with an angle of 8° with respect to the direction of flow provide a more effective configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Erfan Taatizadeh
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hamed Tahmooressi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Pamela Inés Rellstab-Sánchez
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Matthew Shaunessy
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Homayoun Najjaran
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Kuan DH, Huang NT. Recent advancements in microfluidics that integrate electrical sensors for whole blood analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3318-3332. [PMID: 32930218 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood analysis reveals crucial information about various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis, infection, and immune status, among others. Despite this rich information, the complex composition of whole blood usually required multiple sample preparation steps to purify targeted analytes. Traditionally, whole blood preparation processes, including centrifugation, lysis, dilution, or staining, are usually manually operated by well-trained technicians using bench-top instruments. This preparation can require a large blood volume and cannot be directly integrated with detection systems. Recently, various studies have integrated microfluidics with electrical sensors for whole blood analysis, with a focus on cell-based analysis, such as cell type, number, morphology, phenotype, and secreted molecules. These miniaturized systems require less sample and shorter reaction times. Besides, the sample processing and analysis can be fully integrated and automated with minimal operations. We believe these systems can transfer the current whole blood analysis from hospitals or laboratories into clinics or home settings to enable real-time and continuous health condition monitoring in point-of-care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Han Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
| | - Nien-Tsu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Zhang Z, Luo Y, Nie X, Yu D, Xing X. A one-step molded microfluidic chip featuring a two-layer silver-PDMS microelectrode for dielectrophoretic cell separation. Analyst 2020; 145:5603-5614. [PMID: 32776070 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01085e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful technique for label-free cell separation in microfluidics. Easily-fabricated DEP separators with low cost and short turnaround time are in extremely high demand in practical applications, especially clinical usage where disposable devices are needed. DEP separators exploiting microelectrodes made of conducting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites enable the construction of advantageous 3D volumetric electrodes with a simple soft-lithography process. Yet, existing devices incorporating microelectrodes in conducting PDMS generally have their fluidic sidewalls constructed using a different material, and consequently require extra lithography of a sacrificial layer on the semi-finished master for molding the electrode and fluidic sidewalls in separate steps. Here we demonstrate a novel microfluidic DEP separator with a 3D electrode and fluidic structure entirely integrated within silver-PDMS composites. We develop a further simplified one-step molding process with lower cost using a readily-available and reusable SU8 master, eliminating the need for the additional lithography step in existing techniques. The uniquely designed two-layer electrode exhibits a spatially non-uniform electric field that enables cell migration in the vertical direction. The electrode upper layer then offers a harbor-like region for the trapping of the target cells that have drifted upwards, which shelters them from being dragged away by the main flow streams in the lower layer, and thus allows higher operation flow rate. We also optimize the upper layer thickness as a critical dimension for protecting the trapped cells from high drag and show easy widening of our device by elongation of the digits. We demonstrate that the elongated digits involving more parallel flow paths maintain a high capture efficiency of 95.4% for live cells with 85.6% purity in the separation of live/dead HeLa cells. We also investigate the device feasibility in a viability assay for cells post anti-cancer drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongle Zhang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North 3rd Ring Rd., Beijing, 100029, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|