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Mayyas F, Jaradat R, Alzoubi KH. Cardiac effects of fish oil in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:592-599. [PMID: 29615288 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fish oil (FO) is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have cardio-protective effects. This study aims to evaluate effects of FO in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Adults male Wistar rats were assigned to control (4 μl corn oil/g corn oil given by oral gavage), FO (4 μl Menhaden FO/g body weight given by oral gavage), diabetes (DM, 35 mg/kg STZ single intraperitoneal injection, corn oil), and DM + FO groups for 8 weeks. Plasma and cardiac biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated. STZ-induced diabetes as indicated by the significant increase in serum levels of glucose and percentage of glycated hemoglobins. FO reduced plasma arachidonic acid (AA) percentage and ratio of AA: docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Plasma and cardiac levels of total nitrite, endothelin -1 (ET-1), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) increased in the DM group, whereas cardiac activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased. FO reduced cardiac nitrite and MPO, and plasma ET-1 levels. FO increased cardiac glutathione, catalase and SOD activities. Levels of thiobarbituric acid substances increased in the FO and DM groups with significant synergism in the DM + FO group. FO prevented cardiac fibrosis associated with DM and decreased cardiac transforming growth factor beta-1and p38 MAP kinases. Cardiac levels of matrix metalloproteinase -2 were significantly elevated in FO and DM + FO groups. CONCLUSIONS FO decreased plasma and cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and myocardial fibrosis. FO could be used in diabetes to reduce risk and burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mayyas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - R Jaradat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - K H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Biswas S, Thomas AA, Chakrabarti S. LncRNAs: Proverbial Genomic "Junk" or Key Epigenetic Regulators During Cardiac Fibrosis in Diabetes? Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:28. [PMID: 29670886 PMCID: PMC5893820 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in a multitude of biological processes. Recent evidences demonstrate potential pathogenetic implications of lncRNAs in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the majority of lncRNAs have not been comprehensively characterized. While the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of lncRNAs remain to be deciphered in DCM, emerging data in other pathophysiological conditions suggests that lncRNAs can have versatile features such as genomic imprinting, acting as guides for certain histone-modifying complexes, serving as scaffolds for specific molecules, or acting as molecular sponges. In an effort to better understand these features of lncRNAs in the context of DCM, our review will first summarize some of the key molecular alterations that occur during fibrosis in the diabetic heart (extracellular proteins and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning), followed by a review of the current knowledge on the crosstalk between lncRNAs and major epigenetic mechanisms (histone methylation, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and microRNAs) within this fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumik Biswas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anu Alice Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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53
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Chang X, Lu K, Wang L, Lv M, Fu W. Astraglaus polysaccharide protects diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating NRG1/ErbB pathway. Biosci Trends 2018; 12:149-156. [PMID: 29607874 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the main cardiac complications among diabetic patients. According to previous studies, the pathogenesis of DCM is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and proliferation of local cardiac cells. It showed, NRG1 can improve the function of mitochondria, and thereby, increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis of cardiac muscle cell via ErbB/AKT signaling, also, exert antioxidative function. Besides, NRG1/ErbB pathway was impaired in the DCM model which suggested this signaling played key role in DCM. Astraglaus polysaccharide (APS), one of the active components of Astragalus mongholicus, showed striking antioxidative effect. Here, in this study, our data showed that APS can promote proliferation and decrease apoptosis in AGE-induced DCM cell model, besides, APS can decrease intracellular ROS level, increase activity of SOD, GSH-Px and lower level of MDA and NO in DCM cell model, indicating APS exerted antioxidative function in DCM model cells. Besides, western blot results revealed APS induced NRG1 expressing and the phosphorylation level of ErbB2/4. In addition, the elevated NRG1 promoted AKT and PI3k phosphorylation which indicated APS may exert its function by NRG1/ErbB and the downstream AKT/PI3K signaling. Canertinib is ErbB inhibitor. The effect of APS on proliferation, apoptosis, antioxidation and NRG1/ErbB pathway was partly abolished after the cells were co-treated with APS and canertinib. Taken together, these results suggested APS may display its protective function in DCM cells by activating NGR1/ErbB signaling pathway. And our study increased potential for prevention and therapy to DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chang
- Department of intensive care unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Kang Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of intensive care unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Min Lv
- Department of intensive care unit, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
| | - Wenjun Fu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
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Ghosh N, Katare R. Molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and modulation of microRNA function by synthetic oligonucleotides. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:43. [PMID: 29566757 PMCID: PMC5863891 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a chronic complication in individuals with diabetes and is characterized by ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, decreased or preserved systolic function and reduced ejection fraction eventually resulting in heart failure. Despite being well characterized, the fundamental mechanisms leading to DCM are still elusive. Recent studies identified the involvement of small non-coding small RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRs) playing a key role in the etiology of DCM. Therefore, miRs associated with DCM represents a new class of targets for the development of mechanistic therapeutics, which may yield marked benefits compared to other therapeutic approaches. Indeed, few miRs currently under active clinical investigation, with many expressing cautious optimism that miRs based therapies will succeed in the coming years. The major caution in using miRs based therapy is the need to improve the stability and specificity following systemic injection, which can be achieved through chemical and structural modification. In this review, we first discuss the established role of miRs in DCM and the advances in miRs based therapeutic strategies for the prevention/treatment of DCM. We next discuss the currently employed chemical modification of miR oligonucleotides and their utility in therapies specifically focusing on the DCM. Finally, we summarize the commonly used delivery system and approaches for assessment of miRNA modulation and potential off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
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55
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Saeid F, Aniseh J, Reza B, Manouchehr VS. Signaling mediators modulated by cardioprotective interventions in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1463-1481. [PMID: 29442529 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318756420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death in the world. In most patients, ischaemic heart disease is coincident with other risk factors such as diabetes. Patients with diabetes are more prone to cardiac ischaemic dysfunctions including ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditionings are reliable interventions to protect the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injuries through activating various signaling pathways and intracellular mediators. Diabetes can disrupt the intracellular signaling cascades involved in these myocardial protections, and studies have revealed that cardioprotective effects of the conditioning interventions are diminished in the diabetic condition. The complex pathophysiology and poor prognosis of ischaemic heart disease among people with diabetes necessitate the investigation of the interaction of diabetes with ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotective mechanisms. Reducing the outcomes of ischaemia-reperfusion injury using targeted strategies would be particularly helpful in this population. In this study, we review the protective interventional signaling pathways and mediators which are activated by ischaemic conditioning strategies in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyzizadeh Saeid
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,2 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javadi Aniseh
- 4 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Badalzadeh Reza
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,5 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vafaee S Manouchehr
- 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense-Denmark.,7 Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense-Denmark.,8 Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Polyploidy and nuclear phenotype characteristics of cardiomyocytes from diabetic adult and normoglycemic aged mice. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:84-94. [PMID: 29241633 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of polyploid nuclei in the aging human heart is in sharp contrast with that in the human liver. An inverse pattern exists between the mouse heart and liver cells. Ploidy degrees in mouse hepatocytes under hyperglycemic conditions are elevated to higher levels than those in aged hepatocytes. In this study, image analysis cytometry was used to investigate the effect of diabetes and aging on Feulgen-DNA quantities, ploidy degrees, nuclear shapes and chromatin texture in mouse cardiomyocytes compared to previously reported data for mouse hepatocytes. Adult, non-obese diabetic (NOD) hyperglycemic and normoglycemic females and 56-week-old normoglycemic BALB/c females were used. A small percentage (∼7%) of the cardiomyocyte nuclei in severely hyperglycemic NOD adult mice possessed higher ploidy values than those in the 8-week-old normoglycemic mice. Surprisingly, the Feulgen-DNA values and the frequency of nuclei belonging to the 4C and 8C ploidy classes were even higher (∼6%) in normoglycemic NOD specimens than in age-matched hyperglycemic NOD specimens. Additionally, a pronounced elongated nuclear shape was observed especially in adult normoglycemic NOD mice. In conclusion, NOD mice, irrespective of their glycemic level, exhibit a moderate increase in ploidy degrees within cardiomyocyte nuclei during the adult lifetime. As expected, aging did not affect the Feulgen-DNA values and the ploidy degrees of cardiomyocytes in BALB/c mice. The differences in ploidy degrees and chromatin textures such as absorbance variability and entropy, between adult NOD and aged BALB/c mice are consistent with other reports, indicating dissimilarities in chromatin functions between diabetes and aging.
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57
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Zhang X, Qu L, Chen L, Chen C. Improvement of cardiomyocyte function by in vivo hexarelin treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13612. [PMID: 29446246 PMCID: PMC5812882 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by diastolic and systolic cardiac dysfunction, yet no therapeutic drug to specifically treat it. Hexarelin has been demonstrated to improve heart function in various types of cardiomyopathy via its receptor GHS-R. This experiment aims to test the effect of hexarelin on cardiomyocytes under experimental diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg)-induced diabetic rat model was employed with vehicle injection group as control. Daily hexarelin (100 μg/kg) treatment was performed for 2 weeks after 4-week STZ-induced diabetes. Cardiomyocytes were isolated by enzyme treatment under O2 -saturated perfusion for single-cell shortening, [Ca2+ ]i transient, and electrophysiology recordings. GHS-R expression and apoptosis-related signaling proteins Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and 9, were assessed by western blot. Experimental data demonstrated a reduced cell contraction and relaxation in parallel with depressed rise and fall of [Ca2+ ]i transients in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Hexarelin reversed the changes in both contraction and [Ca2+ ]i . Action potential duration and transient outward potassium current (Ito ) density were dramatically increased in diabetic cardiomyocytes and hexarelin treatment reverse such changes. Upregulated GHS receptor (GHS-R) expression was observed in both control and diabetic groups after hexarelin treatment, which also caused antiapoptotic changes of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and 9 expression. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, hexarelin is able to improve cardiomyocyte function through recovery of Ito K+ currents, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and antiapoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Zhang
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratories of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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58
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El-Bassossy HM, Al-Thubiani WS, Elberry AA, Mujallid MI, Ghareib SA, Azhar AS, Banjar ZM, Watson ML. Zingerone alleviates the delayed ventricular repolarization and AV conduction in diabetes: Effect on cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189074. [PMID: 29206854 PMCID: PMC5716606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aims to analyse the action of zingerone in diabetes-related cardiac arrhythmias. Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozocin while treatment groups received 20 mg/kg zingerone daily. Following extra seven weeks, electrocardiography, extraction of blood, urine and heart for biochemical analysis, histopathology and immunofluorescence were undertaken. Results The suppression of QT and QTc prolongation in diabetic rats was indicative of prolonged cardiac repolarisation that was greatly reduced by zingerone treatment. In addition, the reduction in PR interval attested that zingerone improved AV delay in diabetic rats. The fibrogenic transforming growth factor β1 upregulation in diabetic hearts was suppressed by zingerone. The marked glycogen deposition and muscle degeneration seen in diabetic heart sections were also alleviated by zingerone. Furthermore, zingerone prevented the decrease in of the serum anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin in diabetics. The heightened levels of oxidative stress markers 8-isoprostane and uric acid in diabetic rats were suppressed. In the diabetic heart, the reduced catalase activity was improved and the excessive expression of angiotensin receptor 1 was inhibited by zingerone. Conclusion Cardiac delayed repolarisation and AV conduction in rats with diabetes were halted by zingerone. It appears that inhibition of cardiac fibrosis and associated inflammation-oxidative stress signalling underpins the zingerone effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Wafaa S. Al-Thubiani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah and Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Elberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammad I. Mujallid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah A. Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S. Azhar
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainy M. Banjar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malcolm L. Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Kibel A, Selthofer-Relatic K, Drenjancevic I, Bacun T, Bosnjak I, Kibel D, Gros M. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1901-1929. [PMID: 28643578 PMCID: PMC5805190 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516675504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance, mechanisms and consequences of coronary microvascular dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus are topics into which we have insufficient insight at this time. It is widely recognized that endothelial dysfunction that is caused by diabetes in various vascular beds contributes to a wide range of complications and exerts unfavorable effects on microcirculatory regulation. The coronary microcirculation is precisely regulated through a number of interconnected physiological processes with the purpose of matching local blood flow to myocardial metabolic demands. Dysregulation of this network might contribute to varying degrees of pathological consequences. This review discusses the most important findings regarding coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kibel
- Department for Heart and Vascular
Diseases, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek,
Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatic
- Department for Heart and Vascular
Diseases, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek,
Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Bacun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of
Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Bosnjak
- Department for Heart and Vascular
Diseases, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek,
Croatia
| | - Dijana Kibel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Gros
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
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Rabadiya S, Bhadada S, Dudhrejiya A, Vaishnav D, Patel B. Magnesium valproate ameliorates type 1 diabetes and cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats through estrogen receptors. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:919-927. [PMID: 29136770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is known to exhibit cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic action. Valproic acid has been shown to upregulate estrogen receptors (ERs) in breast and prostate cancer tissues. No pharmacological evaluations for magnesium valproate (MgV) so far have been done for diabetic cadio-lipidemic complications. Based on the above context, current study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of MgV in cardiac complications associated with type-1 diabetes mellitus in rats wherein diabetes was induced by single tail vein injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45mg/kg, IV) in female Sprague Dawley rats and treatment of MgV (210mg/kg, PO) was given for eight weeks to diabetic animals, after which, various biochemical and cardiac biomarkers, hypertrophic, hemodynamic and histological parameters along with immunohistochemistry of ERs in the left ventricle (LV) were estimated. MgV treatment significantly controlled hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, reduced elevated cardiac biomarkers and C-reactive protein(CRP), significantly improved hemodynamic functions and increased the rate of pressure development and decay. MgV also significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy index and cardiac hypertrophy index, LV wall thickness, LV collagen, cardiomyocyte diameter and prevented the oxidative stress with significant increase in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in LV. Moreover, MgV reversed STZ-induced histological alterations and decreased glycogen content in LV and increased the ERβ expressions in LV as evidenced by immunohistochemistry. The result indicated that MgV prevented disease progression in the early stage of diabetic cardiomyopathy which seems to be mediated by upregulation of estrogen receptors in LV tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rabadiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Shradhha Bhadada
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashvin Dudhrejiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Wei X, Yang Y, Jiang YJ, Lei JM, Guo JW, Xiao H. Relaxin ameliorates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis via the Notch1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:691-698. [PMID: 29399073 PMCID: PMC5772593 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of relaxin (RLX) on high glucose (HG)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, as well as the possible molecular mechanism. H9c2 cells were exposed to 33 mmol/l HG with or without RLX (100 nmol/ml). Cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell hypertrophy and the levels of Notch1, hairy and enhancer of split 1 (hes1), atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), cytochrome C and caspase-3 were assessed in cardiomyocytes. Compared with the HG group, the viability of H9c2 cells was increased by RLX in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and was accompanied with a significant reduction in apoptosis. Furthermore, RLX significantly suppressed the formation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and enhanced the activity of SOD. In addition, the levels of ANP, BNP, cytochrome C and caspase-3 were increased and Notch1, hes1 and MnSOD were inhibited in the HG group compared with those in the normal group. However, the Notch inhibitor DAPT almost abolished the protective effects of RLX. These results suggested that RLX protected cardiomyocytes from HG-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis partly through a Notch1-dependent pathway, which may be associated with reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Jiu Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ming Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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MicroRNA-193-5p modulates angiogenesis through IGF2 in type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:876-882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Szczygiel EJ, Harte JB, Strasburg GM, Cho S. Consumer acceptance and aroma characterization of navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powders prepared by extrusion and conventional processing methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4142-4150. [PMID: 28230271 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food products produced with bean ingredients are gaining in popularity among consumers due to the reported health benefits. Navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powder produced through extrusion can be considered as a resource-efficient alternative to conventional methods, which often involve high water inputs. Therefore, navy bean powders produced with extrusion and conventional methods were assessed for the impact of processing on consumer liking in end-use products and odor-active compounds. RESULTS Consumer acceptance results reveal significant differences in flavor, texture and overall acceptance scores of several products produced with navy bean powder. Crackers produced with extruded navy bean powder received higher hedonic flavor ratings than those produced with commercial navy bean powder (P < 0.001). GC-O data showed that the commercial powder produced through conventional processing had much greater contents of several aliphatic aldehydes commonly formed via lipid oxidation, such as hexanal, octanal and nonanal with descriptors of 'grassy', 'nutty', 'fruity', 'dusty', and 'cleaner', compared to the extruded powder. CONCLUSION Extrusion processed navy bean powders were preferred over commercial powders for certain navy bean powder applications. This is best explained by substantial differences in aroma profiles of the two powders that may have been caused by lipid oxidation. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Szczygiel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Janice B Harte
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gale M Strasburg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sungeun Cho
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Daya R, Bayat Z, Raal FJ. Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at a tertiary care hospital. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2017.1360064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Daya
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa
| | - Z Bayat
- Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - FJ Raal
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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65
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. The impact of FOXO-1 to cardiac pathology in diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related metabolic abnormalities. Int J Cardiol 2017; 245:236-244. [PMID: 28781146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic heart pathology has a serious social impact due to high prevalence worldwide and significant mortality/invalidation of diabetic patients suffered from cardiomyopathy. The pathogenesis of diabetic and diabetes-related cardiomyopathy is associated with progressive loss and impairment of cardiac function due to adverse effects of metabolic, prooxidant, proinflammatory, and pro-apoptotic stress factors. In the adult heart, the transcriptional factor forkhead box-1 (FOXO-1) is involved in maintaining cardiomyocytes in the homeostatic state and induction of their adaptation to metabolic and pro-oxidant stress stimuli. Insulin inhibits cardiac FOXO-1 expression/activity through the IRS1/Akt signaling in order to prevent gluconeogenesis. In diabetes and insulin resistance, both insulin production and insulin-dependent signaling is weakened or absent. Indeed, FOXO-1 becomes overproduced/overactivated in response to stress stimuli. In diabetic cardiac tissue, FOXO-1 overactivity induces the metabolic switch from the glucose uptake to the predominant lipid uptake. FOXO-1 limits mitochondrial glucose oxidation by stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) and increases the lipid uptake through up-regulation of surface expression of CD36. In cardiac muscle cells, lipid accumulation leads to lipotoxicity via increased lipid oxidation, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Indeed, cardiac FOXO-1 levels and activity should be strictly regulated. FOXO-1 deregulation (that is observed in the diabetic heart) causes detrimental effects that finally lead to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia.
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Sun S, Yang S, Dai M, Jia X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Mao Y. The effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy through inhibiting the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in high glucose -stimulated H9C2 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:310. [PMID: 28610566 PMCID: PMC5470251 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Apoptosis plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), an extract of astragalus membranaceus (AM), is an effective cardioprotectant. Currently, little is known about the detailed mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects of APS. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential effects and mechanisms of APS on apoptosis employing a model of high glucose induction of apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Methods A model of high glucose induction of H9C2 cell apoptosis was adopted in this research. The cell viabilities were analyzed by MTT assay, and the apoptotic response was quantified by flow cytometry. The expression levels of the apoptosis related proteins were determined by Real-time PCR and western blotting. Results Incubation of H9C2 cells with various concentrations of glucose (i.e., 5.5, 12.5, 25, 33 and 44 mmol/L) for 24 h revealed that cell viability was reduced by high glucose dose-dependently. Pretreatment of cells with APS could inhibit high glucose-induced H9C2 cell apoptosis by decreasing the expressions of caspases and the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Further experiments also showed that APS could modulate the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in mitochondria. Conclusions APS decreases high glucose-induced H9C2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and modulating the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in mitochondria.
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Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Using Thiazolidinediones: Strategy for Design of Novel Antidiabetic Drugs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 2017:1069718. [PMID: 28656106 PMCID: PMC5474549 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1069718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are a class of well-established antidiabetic drugs, also named as glitazones. Thiazolidinedione structure has been an important structural domain of research, involving design and development of new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Extensive research on the mechanism of action and the structural requirements has revealed that the intended antidiabetic activity in type 2 diabetes is due to their agonistic effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) belonging to the nuclear receptor super family. Glitazones have specific affinity to PPARγ, one of the subtypes of PPARs. Certain compounds under development have dual PPARα/γ agonistic activity which might be beneficial in obesity and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Interesting array of hybrid compounds of thiazolidinedione PPARγ agonists exhibited therapeutic potential beyond antidiabetic activity. Pharmacology and chemistry of thiazolidinediones as PPARγ agonists and the potential of newer analogues as dual agonists of PPARs and other emerging targets for the therapy of type 2 diabetes are presented. This review highlights the possible modifications of the structural components in the general frame work of thiazolidinediones with respect to their binding efficacy, potency, and selectivity which would guide the future research in design of novel thiazolidinedione derivatives for the management of type 2 diabetes.
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Ma ZG, Yuan YP, Xu SC, Wei WY, Xu CR, Zhang X, Wu QQ, Liao HH, Ni J, Tang QZ. CTRP3 attenuates cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1126-1137. [PMID: 28258411 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death are closely involved in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). C1q/tumour necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) has anti-inflammatory properties but its role in DCM remains largely unknown. The aims of this study were to determine whether CTRP3 could attenuate DCM and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cardiomyocyte-specific CTRP3 overexpression was achieved using an adeno-associated virus system 12 weeks after STZ injection. RESULTS CTRP3 expression was significantly decreased in diabetic rat hearts. Knockdown of CTRP3 in cardiomyocytes at baseline resulted in increased oxidative injury, inflammation and apoptosis in vitro. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of CTRP3 decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, attenuated myocyte death and improved cardiac function in rats treated with STZ. CTRP3 significantly activated AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and Akt (protein kinase B) in H9c2 cells. CTRP3 protected against high-glucose-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in vitro. AMPKα deficiency abolished the protective effects of CTRP3 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that CTRP3 activated AMPKα via the cAMP-exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC)-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION CTRP3 protected against DCM via activation of the AMPKα pathway. CTRP3 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Chi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ying Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ru Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Han Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Çavuşoğlu T, Çiftçi ÖD, Çağıltay E, Meral A, Kızıloğlu İ, Gürgül S, Uyanıkgil Y, Erbaş O. Diyabetik Kardiyomiyopati Sıçan Modelinde Oksitosin Etkilerinin Histolojik ve Biyokimyasal Olarak İncelenmesi. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.307933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Effoe VS, McClendon EE, Rodriguez CJ, Wagenknecht LE, Evans GW, Chang PP, Bertoni AG. Diabetes status modifies the association between carotid intima-media thickness and incident heart failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 128:58-66. [PMID: 28448893 PMCID: PMC5501651 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Increasing carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is associated with incident heart failure (HF). We investigated whether this association differs by diabetes status. METHODS We characterized 13,590 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants free of baseline HF into normal fasting glucose (NFG, glucose <100mg/dl), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, glucose 100-125mg/dl), and type 2 diabetes (T2D, glucose ≥126mg/dl, self-report, or use of diabetes drugs). CIMT was assessed by B-mode ultrasound. Incident HF was defined using ICD-9 or 10 codes from hospitalizations and death certificates. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for incident HF, adjusting for age, sex, race, education, hypertension medication, blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, lipid-lowering medication, smoking, alcohol, serum creatinine, and interim CHD. RESULTS T2D participants had higher mean CIMT (0.79±0.20mm), compared to IFG (0.75±0.19mm) and NFG (0.70±0.17mm) (p<0.0001). Over 20.6years of median follow-up, 15% developed HF. Rates of HF (per 1000 person-years) were substantially higher for those with T2D (24.7), compared to IFG (7.7) and NFG (5.8). In adjusted analyses, the CIMT-HF association was significantly modified by diabetes status (Pinteraction=0.015): for NFG (HR per SD increase in CIMT: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.20-1.34), IFG (HR 1.18; 95%CI: 1.11-1.25) and T2D (HR 1.12; 95%CI: 1.05-1.21). CONCLUSIONS CIMT is associated with increased risk of HF, particularly among persons without diabetes. Due to a high absolute risk of HF among adults with T2D, CIMT may be a less reliable predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery S Effoe
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Eric E McClendon
- Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Centre, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory W Evans
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Patricia P Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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71
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Role of MicroRNAs in Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Vascular Complications. Biochimie 2017; 139:9-19. [PMID: 28487136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major health threat worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs known to regulate various biological processes including the pathogenesis of T2DM. Recent studies have pointed out that specific miRNAs play a critical role in controlling β cell activities and the development of diabetic vascular complications. Their association with the disease pathogenesis and omnipresence in body fluids have made them important players for prognosis, diagnosis and management of T2DM. Owing to the limitations of classical biomarkers of diabetes such as fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) lack in predicting the risk of development of diabetes complications in a susceptible population. The miRNAs can act as ideal biomarkers for diabetes associated complications. Identification of specific miRNA signatures to detect diabetes and ideally to find out the risk of development of diabetes-associated complications in susceptible population is the essential requirement of the present clinical strategies for controlling diabetes worldwide. In this article, we summarize the potential miRNAs and miRNA signatures involved in the β cell activities and diabetes associated macrovascular and microvascular complications.
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72
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Karbasforooshan H, Karimi G. The role of SIRT1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:386-392. [PMID: 28380414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing worldwide. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCP) is the major risk for diabetes associated morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia play an indispensable role in underlying mechanisms of DCP. They increase advanced glycation end products (AGEs) following a series of events leading to myocardial damage and cardiomyopathy which include oxidative stress, increased inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy and apoptosis. SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase that removes acetyl groups from proteins which can be implicated in DCP. SIRT1 modulate different proteins related to hyperglycemia. SIRT1 inhibits transcriptional factors, such as p300, NF-κB, P38MAPK, Histone 3, MMP-9, FOXO3a and p53. On the other hand, it increases SERCA2a, ERK1/2/Homer1, eNOS, PGC-1α and AMPK. Therefore, SIRT1 attenuate cardiac dysfunction and improve DCP. This review focus on the role of SIRT1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmacy School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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73
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Geraniol alleviates diabetic cardiac complications: Effect on cardiac ischemia and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:1025-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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74
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Novel thiazolidinedione-5-acetic-acid-peptide hybrid derivatives as potent antidiabetic and cardioprotective agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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75
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Thuy TD, Phan NN, Wang CY, Yu HG, Wang SY, Huang PL, Do YY, Lin YC. Novel therapeutic effects of sesamin on diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2949-2956. [PMID: 28358428 PMCID: PMC5428537 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor that increases the occurrence and severity of cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of mortality of 75% of patients with diabetes >40 years old. Sesamin, the bioactive compound extracted from Sesamum indicum, is a natural compound that has diverse beneficial effects on hypoglycemia and reducing cholesterol. The aim of this study is to investigate sesamin effects to diabetes-inducing cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study bioinformatics analysis demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy signaling may be the most important pathway for upregulating genes in sesamin-treated groups. To verify the bioinformatics prediction, sesamin was used as the main bioactive compound to attenuate the impact of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) on cardiac function in a rat model. The results revealed that oral administration of sesamin for 4 weeks (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) marginally improved blood glucose levels, body weight and significantly ameliorated the effects on heart rate and blood pressure in rats with type 1 diabetes relative to control rats. The QT interval of sesamin was also reduced relative to the control group. The findings indicated that sesamin has potential cardioprotective effects in the STZ-induced diabetes model. This suggested that this can be used as a novel treatment for patients with diabetes with cardiac dysfunction complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Duong Thuy
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, YangMingShan, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Han-Gang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Shu-Yin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, YangMingShan, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pung-Ling Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, YangMingShan, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Yin Do
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Chang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, YangMingShan, Taipei 11114, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Role of microRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy: From mechanism to intervention. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2070-2077. [PMID: 28344129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a chronic and irreversible heart complication in diabetic patients, and is characterized by complex pathophysiologic events including early diastolic dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction, eventually resulting in heart failure. Despite these characteristics, the underlying mechanisms leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy are still elusive. Recent studies have implicated microRNA, a small and highly conserved non-coding RNA molecule, in the etiology of diabetes and its complications, suggesting a potentially novel approach for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This brief review aims at capturing recent studies related to the role of microRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
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Chen Y, Chen H, Birnbaum Y, Nanhwan MK, Bajaj M, Ye Y, Qian J. Aleglitazar, a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and -γ agonist, protects cardiomyocytes against the adverse effects of hyperglycaemia. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:152-162. [PMID: 28111985 PMCID: PMC5305042 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116679081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of Aleglitazar on hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis. METHODS We incubated human cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes from cardiac-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ knockout or wild-type mice in normoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic conditions (glucose 25 mM). Cells were treated with different concentrations of Aleglitazar for 48 h. We measured viability, apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, cytochrome-C release, total antioxidant capacity and reactive oxygen species formation in the treated cardiomyocytes. Human cardiomyocytes were transfected with short interfering RNA against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. RESULTS Aleglitazar attenuated hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome-C release and increased viability in human cardiomyocyte, cardiomyocytes from cardiac-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ knockout and wild-type mice. Hyperglycaemia reduced the antioxidant capacity and Aleglitazar significantly blunted this effect. Hyperglycaemia-induced reactive oxygen species production was attenuated by Aleglitazar in both human cardiomyocyte and wild-type mice cardiomyocytes. Aleglitazar improved cell viability in cells exposed to hyperglycaemia. The protective effect was partially blocked by short interfering RNA against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α alone and short interfering RNA against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ alone and completely blocked by short interfering RNA to both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. CONCLUSION Aleglitazar protects cardiomyocytes against hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis by combined activation of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in a short-term vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunming Tongren Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manjyot K Nanhwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mandeep Bajaj
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yumei Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Jinqiao Qian, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, #295 Xichang Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
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Glucose transporters in healthy heart and in cardiac disease. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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79
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Stolf AM, Cardoso CC, Acco A. Effects of Silymarin on Diabetes Mellitus Complications: A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:366-374. [PMID: 28124457 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that is caused by a deficit in the production of (type 1) or response to (type 2) insulin. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia and such symptoms as weight loss, thirst, polyuria, and blurred vision. These disturbances represent one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality nowadays, despite available treatments, such as insulin, insulin secretagogues, insulin sensitizers, and oral hypoglycemic agents. However, many efforts have been made to discover new drugs for diabetes treatment, including medicinal plant extracts. Silymarin is a powder extract of the seeds from Silybum marianum, a plant from the Asteraceae family. The major active ingredients include four isomers: silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, and silydianin. Silymarin is indicated for the treatment of hepatic disorders, such as cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and gallstones. Moreover, several studies of other pathologies, including diabetes, sepsis, osteoporosis, arthritis, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, viral infections, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, have tested the effects of silymarin and reported promising results. This article reviews data from clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies on the use of silymarin, with a focus on the complications of diabetes, including nephropathy, neuropathy, healing delays, oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and cardiomyopathy. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Maria Stolf
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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80
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Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac dysfunction which affects approximately 12% of diabetic patients, leading to overt heart failure and death. However, there is not an efficient and specific methodology for DCM diagnosis, possibly because molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated, and it remains asymptomatic for many years. Also, DCM frequently coexists with other comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and vasculopathies. Thus, human DCM is not specifically identified after heart failure is established. In this sense, echocardiography has been traditionally considered the gold standard imaging test to evaluate the presence of cardiac dysfunction, although other techniques may cover earlier DCM detection by quantification of altered myocardial metabolism and strain. In this sense, Phase-Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 2D/3D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography may potentially diagnose and stratify diabetic patients. Additionally, this information could be completed with a quantification of specific plasma biomarkers related to related to initial stages of the disease. Cardiotrophin-1, activin A, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) and Heart fatty-acid binding protein have demonstrated a stable positive correlation with cardiac hypertrophy, contractibility and steatosis responses. Thus, we suggest a combination of minimally-invasive diagnosis tools for human DCM recognition based on imaging techniques and measurements of related plasma biomarkers.
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81
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Liu X, Liu S. Role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:140-145. [PMID: 28357065 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of diabetes mellitus has been increasing annually. As a progressive metabolic disorder, chronic complications occur in the late stage of diabetes. In addition, cardiovascular diseases account for the major cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population worldwide. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of diabetic heart disease. Patients with DCM show symptoms and signs of heart failure while no specific cause, such as coronary disease, hypertension, alcohol consumption, or other structural heart diseases has been identified. The pathogenesis of DCM is complex and has not been well understood until recently. MicroRNAs (miRs) belong to a novel family of highly conserved, short, non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated an association between miRs and DCM. In the current review, the role of miRs in the pathogenesis of DCM is summarized. It was concluded that miRs contribute to the regulation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, myocardial electrical remodeling, epigenetic modification and various other pathophysiological processes of DCM. These studies may provide novel insights into targets for prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Shixue Liu
- Emergency Department, Rizhao Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
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82
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Pinchevsky Y, Butkow N, Chirwa T, Raal F. Treatment Gaps Found in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes at a Community Health Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9536025. [PMID: 29130053 PMCID: PMC5654246 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9536025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The management of cardiometabolic goals or "ABCs" (HbA1c, blood pressure (BP), and cholesterol) ultimately determines the morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We sought to determine if patients with T2DM attending an urbanized public sector community health centre (CHC) were having their ABCs measured, were treated with appropriate cardioprotective agents and finally, were achieving guideline-based targets. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional record review of 519 patients was conducted between May and August 2015. The mean age was 54 years (SD: ±11.5) and 54% (n = 280) were females. Testing of ABCs occurred in 68.8% (n = 357) for HbA1c, 95.4% (n = 495) for BP, and 58.6% (n = 304) for LDL-C. Achievement of ABC targets was as follows: 19.3% (HbA1c < 7%), 22.0% (BP < 140/80 mmHg), and 56.3% (LDL-C < 2.5 mmol/l). CONCLUSION There were a significant number of patients who were not tested nor received adequate pharmacotherapy or achieved their ABC targets. This places these patients at an increased risk for the development of diabetes-related complications. Although the realities of resource constraints exist in South Africa's public sector settings, a wider implementation of evidence-based guidelines must be instituted in order to ensure better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacob Pinchevsky
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Neil Butkow
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tobias Chirwa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frederick Raal
- Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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83
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Diogo CV, Deus CM, Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska M, Wojtala A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. Carvedilol and antioxidant proteins in a type I diabetes animal model. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:19-29. [PMID: 27805735 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes are at a high risk of developing both micro- and macrovascular disease. Hyperglycaemia seems to be the main factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, often based on increased oxidative stress. Carvedilol, a β-adrenergic blocker, has intrinsic antioxidant properties and was previously described to be effective in the protection of cardiac mitochondria against oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvedilol on hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial abnormalities in cardiac and skeletal muscle in streptozotocin-treated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Body mass, blood glucose, the level of protein carbonylation, caspase-9- and caspase-3-like activities, mitochondrial proteins, the status of antioxidant defence system and stress-related proteins were evaluated in streptozotocin vs streptozotocin + carvedilol (1 mg/kg/day)-treated rats. RESULTS The results showed that carvedilol decreased blood glucose in streptozotocin-treated animals. Content of catalase in the heart and SOD2, SOD1 and catalase in skeletal muscle were increased by carvedilol treatment in streptozotocin-treated animals. At this particular time point, streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia did not cause caspase activation or increase in protein carbonylation status. The data showed that carvedilol increased the level of antioxidant enzymes, what may contribute to preserve cell redox balance during hyperglycaemia. We also showed here for the first time that carvedilol effects on streptozotocin-treated rats are tissue dependent, with a more predominant effect on skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Based on data showing modulation of the antioxidant network in the heart, carvedilol may be beneficial in diabetic patients without advanced disease complications, delaying their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia V Diogo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M Deus
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Aleksandra Wojtala
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
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84
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Fisher VL, Tahrani AA. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus: current perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2017; 10:419-434. [PMID: 29062239 PMCID: PMC5638575 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s129797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common and often-underdiagnosed complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). CAN is associated with increased mortality, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and morbidity in patients with DM, but despite these significant consequences CAN often remains undiagnosed for a prolonged period. This is commonly due to the disease being asymptomatic until the later stages, as well as a lack of easily available screening strategies. In this article, we review the latest developments in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, consequences, and treatments of CAN in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abd A Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence: Abd A Tahrani, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK, Email
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85
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Yan B, Ren J, Zhang Q, Gao R, Zhao F, Wu J, Yang J. Antioxidative Effects of Natural Products on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2070178. [PMID: 29181412 PMCID: PMC5664314 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2070178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and severe complication of diabetes and results in high mortality. It is therefore imperative to develop novel therapeutics for the prevention or inhibition of the progression of DCM. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism by which diabetes induces DCM. Hence, targeting of oxidative stress-related processes in DCM could be a promising therapeutic strategy. To date, a number of studies have shown beneficial effects of several natural products on the attenuation of DCM via an antioxidative mechanism of action. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of the previously reported antioxidant natural products in the inhibition of DCM progression. Clinical trials of the antioxidative natural products in the management of DCM are included. In addition, discussion and perspectives are further provided in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingdi Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jin Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Fenglian Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Junduo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
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86
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Fu Q, Xu B, Zhang Y, Kim S, Tan R, Barbagallo F, West T, Anderson E, Wei W, Abel ED, Xiang YK. Inhibiting Insulin-Mediated β2-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Prevents Diabetes-Associated Cardiac Dysfunction. Circulation 2016; 135:73-88. [PMID: 27815373 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity independently increase the risk of heart failure by incompletely understood mechanisms. We propose that hyperinsulinemia might promote adverse consequences in the hearts of subjects with type-2 DM and obesity. METHODS High-fat diet feeding was used to induce obesity and DM in wild-type mice or mice lacking β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) or β-arrestin2. Wild-type mice fed with high-fat diet were treated with a β-blocker carvedilol or a GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) inhibitor. We examined signaling and cardiac contractile function. RESULTS High-fat diet feeding selectively increases the expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) in mouse hearts, in concert with reduced protein kinase A phosphorylation of phospholamban, which contributes to systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The expression of PDE4D is also elevated in human hearts with DM. The induction of PDE4D expression is mediated by an insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, and GRK2 and β-arrestin2-dependent transactivation of a β2AR-extracellular regulated protein kinase signaling cascade. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of β2AR or GRK2, or genetic deletion of β2AR or β-arrestin2, all significantly attenuate insulin-induced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase and PDE4D induction to prevent DM-related contractile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These studies elucidate a novel mechanism by which hyperinsulinemia contributes to heart failure by increasing PDE4D expression and identify β2AR or GRK2 as plausible therapeutic targets for preventing or treating heart failure in subjects with type 2 DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Carvedilol
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/genetics
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diet, High-Fat
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2/metabolism
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/deficiency
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- beta-Arrestin 2/deficiency
- beta-Arrestin 2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ruensern Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Toni West
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ethan Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
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87
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Ivanov A, Bhumireddy GP, Dabiesingh DS, Khan SA, Ho J, Krishna N, Dontineni N, Socolow JA, Briggs WM, Klem I, Sacchi TJ, Heitner JF. Importance of papillary muscle infarction detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in predicting cardiovascular events. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:558-63. [PMID: 27390987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that papillary muscle infarction (PMI) following recent myocardial infarction (MI) correlates with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of PMI by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in a large cohort of patients. METHODS Retrospective study of patients who underwent CMR between January 2007 and December 2009 were evaluated for the presence of PMI in one or both of the left ventricle papillary muscles. The primary outcome was a time to a combined endpoint of all-cause mortality and worsening heart failure. Secondary outcomes were time to individual components of the combined outcome. RESULTS 419 patients were included in our analysis, 232 patients (55%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy. Patients were followed at six-month intervals for a median follow-up time of 3.7 (interquartile range (IQR): 1.6; 6.3) years after initial imaging. During this period 196 patients (46.8%) had a primary outcome and 92 patients (22%) died. PM infarct was identified in 204 (48.7%) patients with twice as many posteromedial (PRM) (27%) than anterolateral (ARL) lesions (11%) and a similar number with infarct in both (11%). There was no association between studied outcomes and the presence of PMI in either PRM or ARL PM. The presence of infarct in both PM was a predictor of both the primary outcome (HR 1.69, CI[1.01-2.86], p<0.049.) and mortality (HR 1.69, CI[1.01-4.2], p<0.046). CONCLUSION The presence of infarct in either papillary muscle was not associated with outcomes. However, infarct involving both papillary muscles was associated with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ivanov
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - G P Bhumireddy
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - D S Dabiesingh
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - S A Khan
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - J Ho
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - N Krishna
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - N Dontineni
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - J A Socolow
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - W M Briggs
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - I Klem
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - T J Sacchi
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - J F Heitner
- Department of Medicine, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States.
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88
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El-Bassossy HM, Elberry AA, Ghareib SA, Azhar A, Banjar ZM, Watson ML. Cardioprotection by 6-gingerol in diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:908-914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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89
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Pinchevsky Y, Butkow N, Chirwa T, Raal FJ. Glycaemic, blood pressure and cholesterol control in 25 629 diabetics. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 26:188-92. [PMID: 26407221 PMCID: PMC4683285 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2015-050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine and compare the extent to which people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are achieving haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment targets. Methods A review of databases (MEDLINE Ovid, Pubmed and Sabinet) was performed and limited to the following terms: type 2 diabetes mellitus AND guideline AND goal achievement for the years 2009 to 2014 (five years). Results A total of 14 studies (25 629 patients) were selected across 19 different countries. An HbA1c level of 7.0% (or less) was achieved by 44.5% of subjects (range 19.2–70.5%), while 35.2% (range 7.4–66.3%) achieved BP of 130/80 mmHg (or less), and 51.4% (range 20.0–82.9%) had an LDL-C level of either 2.5 or 2.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl or less). Conclusion Despite guideline recommendations that lowering of HbA1c, BP and lipids to target levels in T2DM will lead to a reduction in morbidity and mortality rates, we found that control of these risk factors remains suboptimal, even across different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pinchevsky
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - N Butkow
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - T Chirwa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - F J Raal
- Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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90
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Khan S, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Li M, Wang C. Wogonin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 428:101-8. [PMID: 27013352 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among diabetic cardiovascular complications cardiomyopathy is major event which if not well controlled culminates in cardiac failure. Wogonin from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has shown specific anti-diabetes bioactivity. However, its effect on diabetic complications remains unclear. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of wogonin on diabetic cardiomyopathy and to figure out its underlying mechanism. We found that wogonin administration suppressed hyperglycemia, improved cardiac function, and mitigated cardiac fibrosis in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Wogonin supplementation also attenuated diabetic-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis. In addition, wogonin treatment exhibited the properties of anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation in STZ diabetic mice, evidenced by improved activities of anti-oxidases including SOD1/2 and CAT, decreased ROS and MDA production, suppressed expression of inflammation factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and PAI-1, and inhibited NF-κB signaling. These results suggested that wogonin potentially mitigate hyperglycemia-related cardiomyocyte impairment through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Deling Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yemin Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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91
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Vulesevic B, McNeill B, Giacco F, Maeda K, Blackburn NJR, Brownlee M, Milne RW, Suuronen EJ. Methylglyoxal-Induced Endothelial Cell Loss and Inflammation Contribute to the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2016; 65:1699-713. [PMID: 26956489 PMCID: PMC4878427 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy remain largely unknown. Methylglyoxal (MG) can accumulate and promote inflammation and vascular damage in diabetes. We examined if overexpression of the MG-metabolizing enzyme glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) in macrophages and the vasculature could reduce MG-induced inflammation and prevent ventricular dysfunction in diabetes. Hyperglycemia increased circulating inflammatory markers in wild-type (WT) but not in GLO1-overexpressing mice. Endothelial cell number was reduced in WT-diabetic hearts compared with nondiabetic controls, whereas GLO1 overexpression preserved capillary density. Neuregulin production, endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimerization, and Bcl-2 expression in endothelial cells was maintained in the hearts of GLO1-diabetic mice and corresponded to less myocardial cell death compared with the WT-diabetic group. Lower receptor for advanced glycation end products and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were also observed in GLO1-diabetic versus WT-diabetic mice. Over a period of 8 weeks of hyperglycemia, GLO1 overexpression delayed and limited the loss of cardiac function. In vitro, MG and TNF-α were shown to synergize in promoting endothelial cell death, which was associated with increased angiopoietin 2 expression and reduced Bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that MG in diabetes increases inflammation, leading to endothelial cell loss. This contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and identifies MG-induced endothelial inflammation as a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Vulesevic
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian McNeill
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ferdinando Giacco
- Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kay Maeda
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick J R Blackburn
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Brownlee
- Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ross W Milne
- Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erik J Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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92
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Daniels L, Bell JR, Delbridge LMD, McDonald FJ, Lamberts RR, Erickson JR. The role of CaMKII in diabetic heart dysfunction. Heart Fail Rev 2016. [PMID: 26198034 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasing epidemic that places a significant burden on health services worldwide. The incidence of heart failure (HF) is significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients. One underlying mechanism proposed for the link between DM and HF is activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKIIδ). CaMKIIδ mediates ion channel function and Ca(2+) handling during excitation-contraction and excitation-transcription coupling in the myocardium. CaMKIIδ activity is up-regulated in the myocardium of diabetic patients and mouse models of diabetes, where it promotes pathological signaling that includes hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition and knockout models of CaMKIIδ have shown some promise of a potential therapeutic benefit of CaMKIIδ inhibition, with protection against cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis reported. This review will highlight the pathological role of CaMKIIδ in diabetes and discuss CaMKIIδ as a therapeutic target in DM, and also the effects of exercise on CaMKIIδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Daniels
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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93
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Shaik F, Sharma AK, Ahmed SM. Hybrid model for analysis of abnormalities in diabetic cardiomyopathy and diabetic retinopathy related images. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:507. [PMID: 27186471 PMCID: PMC4842195 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
At present image processing methods hold a noteworthy position in unravelling various medical imaging challenges. The high risk disorders such as diabetic cardiomyopathy and diabetic retinopathy are considered as applications for proposed method. The dictum of this paper is on observing enhancement and segmentation of the cross sectional view of a blood capillary of a right coronary artery image of a diabetic patient and also retinal images. A hybrid model using hybrid morphological reconstruction technique as pre-processing with watershed segmentation method as post-processing is developed in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimuddin Shaik
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan India
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94
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Propofol ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction via heme oxygenase-1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway in rats. Crit Care Med 2016; 42:e583-94. [PMID: 24810525 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heme oxygenase-1 is inducible in cardiomyocytes in response to stimuli such as oxidative stress and plays critical roles in combating cardiac hypertrophy and injury. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 plays a pivotal role in heme oxygenase-1-mediated protection against liver and lung injuries under oxidative stress. We hypothesized that propofol, an anesthetic with antioxidant capacity, may attenuate hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes via enhancing heme oxygenase-1 activation and ameliorate hyperglycemia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis via heme oxygenase-1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling and improve cardiac function in diabetes. DESIGN Treatment study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS In vivo and in vitro treatments. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS At 8 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rats, myocardial 15-F2t-isoprostane was significantly increased, accompanied by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis and impaired left ventricular function that was coincident with reduced heme oxygenase-1 activity and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation despite an increase in heme oxygenase-1 protein expression as compared to control. Propofol infusion (900 μg/kg/min) for 45 minutes significantly improved cardiac function with concomitantly enhanced heme oxygenase-1 activity and signal transducer and activator of transcription activation. Similar to the changes seen in diabetic rat hearts, high glucose (25 mmol/L) exposure for 48 hours led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, both in primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and in H9c2 cells compared to normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L). Hypertrophy was accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production and caspase-3 activity. Propofol, similar to the heme oxygenase-1 inducer cobalt protoporphyrin, significantly increased cardiomyocyte heme oxygenase-1 and p-signal transducer and activator of transcription protein expression and heme oxygenase-1 activity and attenuated high-glucose-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis and reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production (p < 0.05). These protective effects of propofol were abolished by heme oxygenase-1 inhibition with zinc protoporphyrin and by heme oxygenase-1 or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Heme oxygenase-1/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling plays a critical role in propofol-mediated amelioration of hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, whereby propofol improves cardiac function in diabetic rats.
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95
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Duan J, Wei G, Guo C, Cui J, Yan J, Yin Y, Guan Y, Weng Y, Zhu Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Xi M, Wen A. Aralia taibaiensis Protects Cardiac Myocytes against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 43:1159-75. [PMID: 26446201 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased cardiovascular disease risk compared with those without diabetes. Hyperglycemia can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our previous study has demonstrated that the total saponins of Aralia taibaiensis (sAT), a frequently-used antidiabetic medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), can scavenge free radicals in vitro and have good anti-oxidant ability on lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. This work was designed to investigate whether sAT could protect the heart while it was used in the treatment of diabetes. Oxidative stress was induced in H9c2 cells by high glucose (33 mM) and glucose oxidase (15 mU, G/GO) and the protective effects of sAT were evaluated. Treatment of H9c2 cells with G/GO resulted in an increase in cell death, intracellular ROS level and cell oxidative injury, which were markedly reduced by sAT treatment. Further study revealed that sAT induced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of its downstream targets. Moreover, Nrf2 siRNA markedly abolished the cytoprotective effects of sAT. sAT exerted cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and the cardioprotective effects of sAT might be through the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Thus, sAT might be a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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96
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Ghoneim MAM, Hassan AI, Mahmoud MG, Asker MS. Effect of polysaccharide from Bacillus subtilis sp. on cardiovascular diseases and atherogenic indices in diabetic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:112. [PMID: 27037095 PMCID: PMC4815154 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus induces chronic complications such as cardiovascular damage, cataracts and retinopathy, nephropathy, and polyneuropathy. The main aim of the study was to isolate and identify both of bacterial strain and exopolysaccharide to assess the possible efficiency of exopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilus sp .suppress on cardiovascular diseases, atherogenic and coronary risk indices in diabetic rats. METHODS The bacterial strain used was isolated from mangrove tree sediment by serial dilution and the spread-plate technique and identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and by 16S rRNA analysis. The BSEPS was extracted from the bacterial supernatant by four volumes child ethanol then the functional groups, MW and chemical analysis were detected by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also an antioxidant activity was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into four groups: control group supplemented with normal saline (Group I); the second group supplemented with BSEPS (Group II); diabetic group supplemented with normal saline (Group III) and the diabetic group supplemented with BSEPS (Group IV). Diabetes was induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally. BSEPS (100 mg/kg BW) was administered orally for four weeks, following STZ induction. RESULTS The isolated strain was identified based on 16S rRNA sequence as Bacillus subtilis sp. suppress. A preliminary chemical analysis of BSEPS indicated that the monosaccharides were mannuronic acid, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 1.6:1.5:1.0:2.3:1.4, respectively, with a molecular weight of 1.66 × 10(4) g mol(-1) and a molecular number of 7.64 × 10(3) g mol(-1). BSEPS inhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical activity, and BSEPS supplement reduced glucose (p < 0.05) and troponin levels while insulin levels increased (p < 0.05). BSEPS also reduced total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides, and elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL). In parallel, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats were reduced. Moreover, polysaccharides reduced atherogenic and coronary risk indices, which were confirmed by histopathological examination of the heart and aorta. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that BSEPS improves hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease risk in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A M Ghoneim
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal I Hassan
- Department of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Manal G Mahmoud
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S Asker
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12311, Egypt
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97
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Munukutla S, Pan G, Deshpande M, Thandavarayan RA, Krishnamurthy P, Palaniyandi SS. Alcohol Toxicity in Diabetes and Its Complications: A Double Trouble? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:686-97. [PMID: 27013182 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eight percent of the U.S. population has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), while another large percentage has gone undiagnosed. As the epidemiology of this disease constitutes a larger percentage of the American population, another factor presents a dangerous dilemma that can exacerbate the hazardous effects imposed by DM. Excessive alcohol consumption concerns the health of more than 50% of all adults. When this heavy-alcohol-drinking population overlaps with DM and its complications, the effects can be dangerous. In this review, we term it as "double trouble." METHODS We provide evidence of alcohol-induced exacerbation of organ damage in diabetic conditions. In certain cases, we have explained how diabetes and alcohol induce similar pathological effects. RESULTS Known exacerbated complications include those related to heart diseases, liver damage, kidney dysfunction, as well as retinal and neurological impairment. Often, pathophysiological damage concludes with end-stage disorders and even mortality. The metabolic, cell signaling, and pathophysiological changes associated with "double trouble" would lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, metabolic, and cell signaling alterations and finally brushes upon issues and strategies to manage the "double trouble."
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikar Munukutla
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Guodong Pan
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mandar Deshpande
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Suresh S Palaniyandi
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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98
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Forkhead box transcription factor 1: role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:44. [PMID: 26956801 PMCID: PMC4784400 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disorder of the heart muscle in people with diabetes that can occur independent of hypertension or vascular disease. The underlying mechanism of DCM is incompletely understood. Some transcription factors have been suggested to regulate the gene program intricate in the pathogenesis of diabetes prompted cardiac injury. Forkhead box transcription factor 1 is a pleiotropic transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in a variety of physiological processes. Altered FOXO1 expression and function have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and the important role of FOXO1 in DCM has begun to attract attention. In this review, we focus on the FOXO1 pathway and its role in various processes that have been related to DCM, such as metabolism, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis.
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99
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He K, Song S, Zou Z, Feng M, Wang D, Wang Y, Li X, Ye X. The Hypoglycemic and Synergistic Effect of Loganin, Morroniside, and Ursolic Acid Isolated from the Fruits of Cornus officinalis. Phytother Res 2016; 30:283-91. [PMID: 26619955 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypoglycemic activity-guided separation of ethanol extracts from the fruits of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc (CO) led to the isolation of loganin, morroniside, and ursolic acid. The antidiabetic capacity of CO extracts and related compounds was further investigated in diabetes mellitus mice. The results suggested that both CO extracts and pure compounds could ameliorate diabetes-associated damages and complications. Oral administration of loganin and morroniside decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus mice. Ursolic acid exhibited the highest reactive oxygen species scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Notably, we noticed an interesting synergistic effect between loganin and ursolic acid. Given these favorable hypoglycemic properties, C. officinalis, a food and medicinal plant in China, may be used as a valuable food supplement for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan, 418000, China
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shanghua Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zongyao Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Min Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Engineer Research Center of Chongqing Pharmaceutical Process and Quality Control, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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100
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Dschietzig TB, Krause-Relle K, Hennequin M, von Websky K, Rahnenführer J, Ruppert J, Grön HJ, Armbruster FP, Bathgate RAD, Aschenbach JR, Forssmann WG, Hocher B. Relaxin-2 does not ameliorate nephropathy in an experimental model of type-1 diabetes. Kidney Blood Press Res 2016; 40:77-88. [PMID: 25791819 DOI: 10.1159/000368484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In diabetic nephropathy (DN), the current angiotensin-II-blocking pharmacotherapy is frequently failing. For diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC), there is no specific remedy available. Relaxin-2 (Rlx) - an anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotecting peptide – is a candidate drug for both. METHODS Low-dose (32 μg/kg/day) and high-dose (320 μg/kg/day) Rlx were tested against vehicle (n = 20 each) and non-diabetic controls (n = 14) for 12 weeks in a model of type-1 diabetes induced in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-out (eNOS-KO) mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. RESULTS Diabetic animals showed normal plasma creatinine, markedly increased albuminuria and urinary malonyldialdehyde, elevated relative kidney weight, glomerulosclerosis, and increased glomerular size, but no relevant interstitial fibrosis. Neither dose of Rlx affected these changes although the drug was active and targeted plasma levels were achieved. Of note, we found no activation of the renal TGF-β pathway in this model. In the hearts of diabetic animals, no fibrotic alterations indicative of DC could be determined which precluded testing of the initial hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS We investigated a model showing early DN without overt tubulointerstitial fibrosis and activation of the TGF-β-Smad-2/3 pathway. In this model, Rlx proved ineffective; however, the same may not apply to other models and types of diabetes.
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