51
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Wang M, Zou Z, Li Q, Sun K, Chen X, Li X. The CsHSP17.2 molecular chaperone is essential for thermotolerance in Camellia sinensis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1237. [PMID: 28450727 PMCID: PMC5430664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) play important roles in responses to heat stress. However, the functions of sHSPs in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) remain uncharacterized. A novel sHSP gene, designated CsHSP17.2, was isolated from tea plants. Subcellular localization analyses indicated that the CsHSP17.2 protein was present in the cytosol and the nucleus. CsHSP17.2 expression was significantly up-regulated by heat stress but was unaffected by low temperature. The CsHSP17.2 transcript levels increased following salt and polyethylene glycol 6000 treatments but decreased in the presence of abscisic acid. The molecular chaperone activity of CsHSP17.2 was demonstrated in vitro. Transgenic Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris expressing CsHSP17.2 exhibited enhanced thermotolerance. The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited higher maximum photochemical efficiencies, greater soluble protein proline contents, higher germination rates and higher hypocotyl elongation length than the wild-type controls. The expression levels of several HS-responsive genes increased in transgenic A. thaliana plants. Additionally, the CsHSP17.2 promoter is highly responsive to high-temperature stress in A. thaliana. Our results suggest that CsHSP17.2 may act as a molecular chaperone to mediate heat tolerance by maintaining maximum photochemical efficiency and protein synthesis, enhancing the scavenging of reactive oxygen species and inducing the expression of HS-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingle Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhongwei Zou
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Qinghui Li
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Oancea A, Georgescu E, Georgescu F, Nicolescu A, Oprita EI, Tudora C, Vladulescu L, Vladulescu MC, Oancea F, Deleanu C. Isoxazole derivatives as new nitric oxide elicitors in plants. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:659-664. [PMID: 28487760 PMCID: PMC5389174 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles were obtained in good yields by regiospecific 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between aromatic nitrile oxides, generated in situ from the corresponding hydroxyimidoyl chlorides, with non-symmetrical activated alkynes in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper(I) iodide. Effects of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles on nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation in Arabidopsis tissues was studied using specific diaminofluoresceine dyes as fluorescence indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Oancea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Spl. Independentei 296, RO-060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilian Georgescu
- Research Center Oltchim, Str. Uzinei 1, RO-240050, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
| | - Florentina Georgescu
- Research Dept., Teso Spec SRL, Str. Muncii 53, RO-915200 Fundulea, Calarasi, Romania
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, RO-700487 Iasi, Romania
- C. D. Nenitescu Centre of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202-B, RO-060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Iulia Oprita
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Spl. Independentei 296, RO-060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalina Tudora
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Spl. Independentei 296, RO-060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Vladulescu
- Research Dept., Teso Spec SRL, Str. Muncii 53, RO-915200 Fundulea, Calarasi, Romania
| | | | - Florin Oancea
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry & Petrochemistry – ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, RO-060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Calin Deleanu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41-A, RO-700487 Iasi, Romania
- C. D. Nenitescu Centre of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202-B, RO-060023 Bucharest, Romania
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53
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Wang J, Wu B, Yin H, Fan Z, Li X, Ni S, He L, Li J. Overexpression of CaAPX Induces Orchestrated Reactive Oxygen Scavenging and Enhances Cold and Heat Tolerances in Tobacco. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4049534. [PMID: 28386551 PMCID: PMC5366785 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4049534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) acts indispensably in synthesizing L-ascorbate (AsA) which is pivotal to plant stress tolerance by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS). Enhanced activity of APX has been shown to be a key step for genetic engineering of improving plant tolerance. However it needs a deeper understanding on the maintenance of cellular ROS homeostasis in response to stress. In this study, we identified and characterized an APX (CaAPX) gene from Camellia azalea. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CaAPX was expressed in all tissues and peaked in immature green fruits; the expression levels were significantly upregulated upon cold and hot stresses. Transgenic plants displayed marked enhancements of tolerance under both cold and heat treatments, and plant growth was correlated with CaAPX expression levels. Furthermore, we monitored the activities of several ROS-scavenging enzymes including Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, DHAR, and MDHAR, and we showed that stress tolerance was synchronized with elevated activities of ROS-scavenging. Moreover, gene expression analysis of ROS-scavenging enzymes revealed a role of CaAPX to orchestrate ROS signaling in response to temperature stresses. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive characterization of cellular response related to CaAPX expression and provides insights to breed crops with high temperature tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangying Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Flower Research Center, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Hengfu Yin
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Zhengqi Fan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Sui Ni
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Libo He
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
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Cruces E, Rautenberger R, Rojas-Lillo Y, Cubillos VM, Arancibia-Miranda N, Ramírez-Kushel E, Gómez I. Physiological acclimation of Lessonia spicata to diurnal changing PAR and UV radiation: differential regulation among down-regulation of photochemistry, ROS scavenging activity and phlorotannins as major photoprotective mechanisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:145-157. [PMID: 27620461 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal macroalgae are constantly subjected to high variations in the quality and quantity of incident irradiance that can eventually generate detrimental effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. The success of these organisms to colonize the stressful coastal habitat is mainly associated with the complexity of their morphological structures and the efficiency of the anti-stress mechanisms to minimize the physiological stress. Lessonia spicata (Phaeophyceae), a brown macroalga, that inhabits the intertidal zone in central-southern Chile was studied in regard to their physiological (quantum yield, electron transport rate, pigments) and biochemical (phlorotannins content, antioxidant metabolism, oxidative stress) responses during a daily light cycle under natural solar radiation. Major findings were that F v/F m, photosynthetic parameters (ETRmax, alpha, E k) and pigments in L. spicata showed an inverse relationship to the diurnal changes in solar radiation. Phlorotannins levels and antioxidant activity showed their highest values in treatment that included UV radiation. There was an increase in SOD and APX in relation at light stress, with a peak in activity between 5.2 and 10.1 W m-2 of biologically effective dose. The increase in peroxidative damage was proportional to light dose. These results indicated that different light doses can trigger a series of complementary mechanisms of acclimation in L. spicata based on: (i) down-regulation of photochemistry activity and decrease in concentration of photosynthetic pigments; (ii) induction of phenolic compounds with specific UV-screening functions; and (iii) reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity via complementary repair of the oxidative damage through increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and potentially increased amounts of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cruces
- Center for Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LEMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Yesenia Rojas-Lillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Victor Mauricio Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolás Arancibia-Miranda
- Center for Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Kushel
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Iván Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Santiago, Chile
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55
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Pandey S, Fartyal D, Agarwal A, Shukla T, James D, Kaul T, Negi YK, Arora S, Reddy MK. Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: Myriad Roles of Ascorbate Peroxidase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:581. [PMID: 28473838 PMCID: PMC5397514 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant manifestations of environmental stress in plants is the increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). These ROS, if allowed to accumulate unchecked, can lead to cellular toxicity. A battery of antioxidant molecules is present in plants for keeping ROS levels under check and to maintain the cellular homeostasis under stress. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key antioxidant enzyme of such scavenging systems. It catalyses the conversion of H2O2 into H2O, employing ascorbate as an electron donor. The expression of APX is differentially regulated in response to environmental stresses and during normal plant growth and development as well. Different isoforms of APX show differential response to environmental stresses, depending upon their sub-cellular localization, and the presence of specific regulatory elements in the upstream regions of the respective genes. The present review delineates role of APX isoforms with respect to different types of abiotic stresses and its importance as a key antioxidant enzyme in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Pandey
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Technical UniversityDehradun, India
- *Correspondence: Saurabh Pandey
| | - Dhirendra Fartyal
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Aakrati Agarwal
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
| | - Tushita Shukla
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Donald James
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Tanushri Kaul
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh K. Negi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Forestry, VCSG Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry (UUHF)Ranichauri, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Malireddy K. Reddy
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
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56
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Nitric oxide participates in plant flowering repression by ascorbate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35246. [PMID: 27731387 PMCID: PMC5059679 DOI: 10.1038/srep35246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Oncidium, redox homeostasis involved in flowering is mainly due to ascorbic acid (AsA). Here, we discovered that Oncidium floral repression is caused by an increase in AsA-mediated NO levels, which is directed by the enzymatic activities of nitrate reductase (NaR) and nitrite reducatase (NiR). Through Solexa transcriptomic analysis of two libraries, ‘pseudobulb with inflorescent bud’ (PIB) and ‘pseudobulb with axillary bud’ (PAB), we identified differentially expressed genes related to NO metabolism. Subsequently, we showed a significant reduction of NaR enzymatic activities and NO levels during bolting and blooming stage, suggesting that NO controlled the phase transition and flowering process. Applying AsA to Oncidium PLB (protocorm-like bodies) significantly elevated the NO content and enzyme activities. Application of sodium nitroprusside (-NO donor) on Arabidopsis vtc1 mutant caused late flowering and expression level of flowering-associated genes (CO, FT and LFY) were reduced, suggesting NO signaling is vital for flowering repression. Conversely, the flowering time of noa1, an Arabidopsis NO-deficient mutant, was not altered after treatment with L-galacturonate, a precursor of AsA, suggesting AsA is required for NO-biosynthesis involved in the NO-mediated flowering-repression pathway. Altogether, Oncidium bolting is tightly regulated by AsA-mediated NO level and downregulation of transcriptional levels of NO metabolism genes.
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57
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Jiang L, Chen Z, Gao Q, Ci L, Cao S, Han Y, Wang W. Loss-of-function mutations in the APX1 gene result in enhanced selenium tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2133-44. [PMID: 27149098 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognized that excess selenium (Se) has a negative effect on the growth and development of plants. Numerous studies have identified key genes involved in selenium tolerance in plants; however, our understanding of its molecular mechanisms is far from complete. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis selenium-resistant mutant from the mutant XVE pool lines because of its increased root growth and fresh weight in Se stress, and cloned the gene, which encodes the cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX1). Two other APX1 gene knockout allelic lines were also selenium resistant, and the APX1-complementary COM1 restored the growth state of wild type under Se stress. In addition, these APX1 allelic lines accumulated more Se than did wild-type plants when subjected to Se stress. Further analysis revealed that the APX1-mediated Se tolerance was associated, at least in part, with the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Moreover, enhanced Se resistance of the mutants was associated with glutathione (GSH), which had the higher expression level of GSH1 gene involved in GSH synthesis and consequently increased GSH content. Our results provide genetic evidence indicating that loss-of-function of APX1 results in tolerance to Se stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China.
| | - Ziping Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qiuchen Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Lingkun Ci
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, China
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58
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Bonifacio A, Carvalho FEL, Martins MO, Lima Neto MC, Cunha JR, Ribeiro CW, Margis-Pinheiro M, Silveira JAG. Silenced rice in both cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases displays pre-acclimation to cope with oxidative stress induced by 3-aminotriazole-inhibited catalase. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 201:17-27. [PMID: 27379617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of H2O2 homeostasis and signaling mechanisms in plant subcellular compartments is greatly dependent on cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases (APX1 and APX2) and peroxisomal catalase (CAT) activities. APX1/2 knockdown plants were utilized in this study to clarify the role of increased cytosolic H2O2 levels as a signal to trigger the antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress generated in peroxisomes after 3-aminotriazole-inhibited catalase (CAT). Before supplying 3-AT, silenced APX1/2 plants showed marked changes in their oxidative and antioxidant profiles in comparison to NT plants. After supplying 3-AT, APX1/2 plants triggered up-expression of genes belonging to APX (OsAPX7 and OsAPX8) and GPX families (OsGPX1, OsGPX2, OsGPX3 and OsGPX5), but to a lower extent than in NT plants. In addition, APX1/2 exhibited lower glycolate oxidase (GO) activity, higher CO2 assimilation, higher cellular integrity and higher oxidation of GSH, whereas the H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels remained unchanged. This evidence indicates that redox pre-acclimation displayed by silenced rice contributed to coping with oxidative stress generated by 3-AT. We suggest that APX1/2 plants were able to trigger alternative oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms involving signaling by H2O2, allowing these plants to display effective physiological responses for protection against oxidative damage generated by 3-AT, compared to non-transformed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurenivia Bonifacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza/CE, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E L Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza/CE, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Marcio O Martins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza/CE, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Milton C Lima Neto
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Coastal Campus, São Vicente/SP, P.O. Box 73601, 11380-972, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza/CE, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina W Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Joaquim A G Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza/CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
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59
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Lima-Melo Y, Carvalho FEL, Martins MO, Passaia G, Sousa RHV, Neto MCL, Margis-Pinheiro M, Silveira JAG. Mitochondrial GPX1 silencing triggers differential photosynthesis impairment in response to salinity in rice plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:737-48. [PMID: 26799169 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The physiological role of plant mitochondrial glutathione peroxidases is scarcely known. This study attempted to elucidate the role of a rice mitochondrial isoform (GPX1) in photosynthesis under normal growth and salinity conditions. GPX1 knockdown rice lines (GPX1s) were tested in absence and presence of 100 mM NaCl for 6 d. Growth reduction of GPX1s line under non-stressful conditions, compared with non-transformed (NT) plants occurred in parallel to increased H2 O2 and decreased GSH contents. These changes occurred concurrently with photosynthesis impairment, particularly in Calvin cycle's reactions, since photochemical efficiency did not change. Thus, GPX1 silencing and downstream molecular/metabolic changes modulated photosynthesis differentially. In contrast, salinity induced reduction in both phases of photosynthesis, which were more impaired in silenced plants. These changes were associated with root morphology alterations but not shoot growth. Both studied lines displayed increased GPX activity but H2 O2 content did not change in response to salinity. Transformed plants exhibited lower photorespiration, water use efficiency and root growth, indicating that GPX1 could be important to salt tolerance. Growth reduction of GPX1s line might be related to photosynthesis impairment, which in turn could have involved a cross talk mechanism between mitochondria and chloroplast originated from redox changes due to GPX1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Lima-Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabricio E L Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcio O Martins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gisele Passaia
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rachel H V Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Milton C Lima Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joaquim A G Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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60
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Yabuta Y. Functions of heat shock transcription factors involved in response to photooxidative stresses in Arabidopsis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1254-63. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1176515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Because plants are continually exposed to various environmental stresses, they possess numerous transcription factors that regulate metabolism to adapt and acclimate to those conditions. To clarify the gene regulation systems activated in response to photooxidative stress, we isolated 76 high light and heat shock stress-inducible genes, including heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) A2 from Arabidopsis. Unlike yeast or animals, more than 20 genes encoding putative Hsfs are present in the genomes of higher plants, and they are categorized into three classes based on their structural characterization. However, the multiplicity of Hsfs in plants remains unknown. Furthermore, the individual functions of Hsfs are also largely unknown because of their genetic redundancy. Recently, the developments of T-DNA insertion knockout mutant lines and chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology have provided effective tools for exploring the individual functions of Hsfs. This review describes the current knowledge on the individual functions and activation mechanisms of Hsfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- Faculty of Agriculture, School of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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61
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Sharma IP, Sharma AK. Physiological and biochemical changes in tomato cultivar PT-3 with dual inoculation of mycorrhiza and PGPR against root-knot nematode. Symbiosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-016-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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62
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Li Z, Zhang J, Li J, Li H, Zhang G. The Functional and Regulatory Mechanisms of the Thellungiella salsuginea Ascorbate Peroxidase 6 (TsAPX6) in Response to Salinity and Water Deficit Stresses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154042. [PMID: 27097028 PMCID: PMC4838305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a resource and ecological problem in the world. Thellungiella salsuginea is becoming a new model plant because it resembles its relative species, Arabidopsis thaliana, in small genome and short life cycle. It is highly tolerant to salinity and drought stresses. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is an enzyme that clears H2O2 in plants. The function and molecular and regulation mechanisms of APX in T. salsuginea have rarely been reported. In this study, an APX gene, TsApx6, was cloned from T. salsuginea and its responses to abiotic stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis were studied. Under high salinity treatment, the expression of TsApx6 was significantly induced. Under drought treatment, overexpression of TsApx6 increased the survival rate and reduced leaf water loss rate in Arabidopsis. Compared to the wild type plants, high salinity treatment reduced the concentrations of MDA, H2O2 and proline but elevated the activities of APX, GPX, CAT and SOD in the TsApx6-overexpressing plants. Meanwhile, germination rate, cotyledon greening, and root length were improved in the transgenic plants compared to the wild type plants under salt and water deficit conditions. Based on these findings, TsApx6 has an important function in the resistance of plants to certain abiotic stresses. The TsApx6 promoter sequence was obtained using Genome Walking technology. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that it contains some cis-acting elements related to stress response. The treatments of salt, dehydration, and ABA induced the expression of Gus gene under the regulation of the TsApx6 promoter. Mutation analysis showed that the MBS motif present in the TsApx6 promoter might be a key negative regulatory element which has an important effect on the growth and developmental process of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxiao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (HL)
| | - Genfa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (GZ); (HL)
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Bevilacqua CB, Basu S, Pereira A, Tseng TM, Zimmer PD, Burgos NR. Analysis of Stress-Responsive Gene Expression in Cultivated and Weedy Rice Differing in Cold Stress Tolerance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132100. [PMID: 26230579 PMCID: PMC4521806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars show impairment of growth in response to environmental stresses such as cold at the early seedling stage. Locally adapted weedy rice is able to survive under adverse environmental conditions, and can emerge in fields from greater soil depth. Cold-tolerant weedy rice can be a good genetic source for developing cold-tolerant, weed-competitive rice cultivars. An in-depth analysis is presented here of diverse indica and japonica rice genotypes, mostly weedy rice, for cold stress response to provide an understanding of different stress adaptive mechanisms towards improvement of the rice crop performance in the field. We have tested a collection of weedy rice genotypes to: 1) classify the subspecies (ssp.) grouping (japonica or indica) of 21 accessions; 2) evaluate their sensitivity to cold stress; and 3) analyze the expression of stress-responsive genes under cold stress and a combination of cold and depth stress. Seeds were germinated at 25°C at 1.5- and 10-cm sowing depth for 10d. Seedlings were then exposed to cold stress at 10°C for 6, 24 and 96h, and the expression of cold-, anoxia-, and submergence-inducible genes was analyzed. Control plants were seeded at 1.5cm depth and kept at 25°C. The analysis revealed that cold stress signaling in indica genotypes is more complex than that of japonica as it operates via both the CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways, implicated through induction of transcription factors including OsNAC2, OsMYB46 and OsF-BOX28. When plants were exposed to cold + sowing depth stress, a complex signaling network was induced that involved cross talk between stresses mediated by CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways to circumvent the detrimental effects of stresses. The experiments revealed the importance of the CBF regulon for tolerance to both stresses in japonica and indica ssp. The mechanisms for cold tolerance differed among weedy indica genotypes and also between weedy indica and cultivated japonica ssp. as indicated by the up/downregulation of various stress-responsive pathways identified from gene expression analysis. The cold-stress response is described in relation to the stress signaling pathways, showing complex adaptive mechanisms in different genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Supratim Basu
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Andy Pereira
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Te-Ming Tseng
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Paulo Dejalma Zimmer
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nilda Roma Burgos
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Acosta-Motos JR, Diaz-Vivancos P, Álvarez S, Fernández-García N, Sánchez-Blanco MJ, Hernández JA. NaCl-induced physiological and biochemical adaptative mechanisms in the ornamental Myrtus communis L. plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 183:41-51. [PMID: 26074356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Physiological and biochemical changes in Myrtus communis L. plants after being subjected to different solutions of NaCl (44, and 88 mM) for up to 30 days (Phase I) and after recovery from the salinity period (Phase II) were studied. Myrtle plants showed salinity tolerance by displaying a series of adaptative mechanisms to cope with salt-stress, including controlled ion homeostasis, the increase in root/shoot ratio, the reduction of water potentials and stomatal conductance to limit water loss. In addition, they displayed different strategies to protect the photosynthetic machinery, including limiting toxic ion accumulation in leaves, increase in chlorophyll content, and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, leaf anatomy and increases in catalase activity. Anatomical modifications in leaves, including a decrease in spongy parenchyma and increased intercellular spaces, allow CO2 diffusion in a situation of reduced stomatal aperture. In spite of all these changes, salinity produced oxidative stress in myrtle plants as monitored by increases in oxidative stress parameter values. The post-recovery period is perceived as a new stress situation, as observed through effects on plant growth and alterations in non-photochemical quenching parameters and lipid peroxidation values.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Acosta-Motos
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Dept. of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | | | - María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
- Irrigation Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | - José Antonio Hernández
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Dept. of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, P.O. Box 164, E-30100, Spain.
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65
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Shigeoka S, Maruta T. Cellular redox regulation, signaling, and stress response in plants. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 78:1457-70. [PMID: 25209493 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.942254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular and organellar redox states, which are characterized by the balance between oxidant and antioxidant pool sizes, play signaling roles in the regulation of gene expression and protein function in a wide variety of plant physiological processes including stress acclimation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ascorbic acid (AsA) are the most abundant oxidants and antioxidants, respectively, in plant cells; therefore, the metabolism of these redox compounds must be strictly and spatiotemporally controlled. In this review, we provided an overview of our previous studies as well as recent advances in (1) the molecular mechanisms and regulation of AsA biosynthesis, (2) the molecular and genetic properties of ascorbate peroxidases, and (3) stress acclimation via ROS-derived oxidative/redox signaling pathways, and discussed future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Shigeoka
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kinki University , Nara , Japan
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Yang H, Mu J, Chen L, Feng J, Hu J, Li L, Zhou JM, Zuo J. S-nitrosylation positively regulates ascorbate peroxidase activity during plant stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1604-15. [PMID: 25667317 PMCID: PMC4378166 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two classes of key signaling molecules involved in various developmental processes and stress responses in plants. The burst of NO and ROS triggered by various stimuli activates downstream signaling pathways to cope with abiotic and biotic stresses. Emerging evidence suggests that the interplay of NO and ROS plays a critical role in regulating stress responses. However, the underpinning molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that NO positively regulates the activity of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase1 (APX1). We found that S-nitrosylation of APX1 at cysteine (Cys)-32 enhances its enzymatic activity of scavenging hydrogen peroxide, leading to the increased resistance to oxidative stress, whereas a substitution mutation at Cys-32 causes the reduction of ascorbate peroxidase activity and abolishes its responsiveness to the NO-enhanced enzymatic activity. Moreover, S-nitrosylation of APX1 at Cys-32 also plays an important role in regulating immune responses. These findings illustrate a unique mechanism by which NO regulates hydrogen peroxide homeostasis in plants, thereby establishing a molecular link between NO and ROS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jinye Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Lichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jiliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (H.Y., J.M., L.C., J.F., J.H., L.L., J.-M.Z., J.Z.); andThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (H.Y., L.C., L.L.)
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Ben Rejeb K, Benzarti M, Debez A, Bailly C, Savouré A, Abdelly C. NADPH oxidase-dependent H2O2 production is required for salt-induced antioxidant defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 174:5-15. [PMID: 25462961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH oxidase) in the antioxidant defense system was assessed in salt-challenged Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. In the wild-type, short-term salt exposure led to a transient and significant increase of H2O2 concentration, followed by a marked increase in catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.16), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities. Pre-treatment with either a chemical trap for H2O2 (dimethylthiourea) or two widely used NADPH oxidase inhibitors (imidazol and diphenylene iodonium) significantly decreased the above-mentioned enzyme activities under salinity. Double mutant atrbohd/f plants failed to induce the antioxidant response under the culture conditions. Under long-term salinity, the wild-type was more salt-tolerant than the mutant based on the plant biomass production. The better performance of the wild-type was related to a significantly higher photosynthetic activity, a more efficient K(+) selective uptake, and to the plants' ability to deal with the salt-induced oxidative stress as compared to atrbohd/f. Altogether, these data suggest that the early H2O2 generation by NADPH oxidase under salt stress could be the beginning of a reaction cascade that triggers the antioxidant response in A. thaliana in order to overcome the subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby mitigating the salt stress-derived injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilani Ben Rejeb
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; Adaptation des plantes aux contraintes environnementales, UR5, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Case 156, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | - Maâli Benzarti
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Christophe Bailly
- UMR 7622, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Bat C 2ème étage, 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Adaptation des plantes aux contraintes environnementales, UR5, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Case 156, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
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Murata Y, Mori IC, Munemasa S. Diverse stomatal signaling and the signal integration mechanism. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:369-92. [PMID: 25665132 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells perceive a variety of chemicals produced metabolically in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, integrate the signals into reactive oxygen species and calcium signatures, and convert these signatures into stomatal movements by regulating turgor pressure. Guard cell behaviors in response to such complex signals are critical for plant growth and sustenance in stressful, ever-changing environments. The key open question is how guard cells achieve the signal integration to optimize stomatal aperture. Abscisic acid is responsible for stomatal closure in plants in response to drought, and its signal transduction has been well studied. Other plant hormones and low-molecular-weight compounds function as inducers of stomatal closure and mediators of signaling in guard cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the diverse stomatal signaling pathways, with specific emphasis on signal integration and signal interaction in guard cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; ,
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69
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Jalmi SK, Sinha AK. ROS mediated MAPK signaling in abiotic and biotic stress- striking similarities and differences. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:769. [PMID: 26442079 PMCID: PMC4585162 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants encounter a number of environmental stresses throughout their life cycles, most of which activate mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The MAPKs show crosstalks at several points but the activation and the final response is known to be specific for particular stimuli that in-turn activates specific set of downstream targets. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important and common messenger produced in various environmental stresses and is known to activate many of the MAPKs. ROS activates a similar MAPK in different environmental stimuli, showing different downstream targets with different and specific responses. In animals and yeast, the mechanism behind the specific activation of MAPK by different concentration and species of ROS is elaborated, but in plants this aspect is still unclear. This review mainly focuses on the aspect of specificity of ROS mediated MAPK activation. Attempts have been made to review the involvement of ROS in abiotic stress mediated MAPK signaling and how it differentiates with that of biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alok K. Sinha
- *Correspondence: Alok K. Sinha, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Staff Scientist VI, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India,
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70
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Driedonks N, Xu J, Peters JL, Park S, Rieu I. Multi-Level Interactions Between Heat Shock Factors, Heat Shock Proteins, and the Redox System Regulate Acclimation to Heat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:999. [PMID: 26635827 PMCID: PMC4647109 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High temperature has become a global concern because it seriously affects the growth and reproduction of plants. Exposure of plant cells to high temperatures result in cellular damage and can even lead to cell death. Part of the damage can be ascribed to the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accumulate during abiotic stresses such as heat stress. ROS are toxic and can modify other biomacromolecules including membrane lipids, DNA, and proteins. In order to protect the cells, ROS scavenging is essential. In contrast with their inherent harms, ROS also function as signaling molecules, inducing stress tolerance mechanisms. This review examines the evidence for crosstalk between the classical heat stress response, which consists of heat shock factors (HSFs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), with the ROS network at multiple levels in the heat response process. Heat stimulates HSF activity directly, but also indirectly via ROS. HSFs in turn stimulate the expression of HSP chaperones and also affect ROS scavenger gene expression. In the short term, HSFs repress expression of superoxide dismutase scavenger genes via induction of miRNA398, while they also activate scavenger gene expression and stabilize scavenger protein activity via HSP induction. We propose that these contrasting effects allow for the boosting of the heat stress response at the very onset of the stress, while preventing subsequent oxidative damage. The described model on HSFs, HSPs, ROS, and ROS scavenger interactions seems applicable to responses to stresses other than heat and may explain the phenomenon of crossacclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Driedonks
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jiemeng Xu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Janny L. Peters
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ivo Rieu
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ivo Rieu,
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Zhang M, Gong M, Yang Y, Li X, Wang H, Zou Z. Improvement on the thermal stability and activity of plant cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 by tailing hyper-acidic fusion partners. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:891-8. [PMID: 25515798 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) plays a crucial role in regulating the level of plant cellular reactive oxygen species and its thermolability is proposed to cause plant heat-susceptibility. Herein, several hyper-acidic fusion partners, such as the C-terminal peptide tails, were evaluated for their effects on the thermal stability and activity of APX1 from Jatropha curcas and Arabidopsis. The hyper-acidic fusion partners efficiently improved the thermostability and prevented thermal inactivation of APX1 in both plant species with an elevated heat tolerance of at least 2 °C. These hyper-acidified thermostable APX1 fusion variants are of considerable biotechnological potential and can provide a new route to enhance the heat tolerance of plant species especially of inherent thermo-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China,
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72
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Chin DC, Shen CH, SenthilKumar R, Yeh KW. Prolonged Exposure to Elevated Temperature Induces Floral Transition via Up-Regulation of Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase 1 and Subsequent Reduction of the Ascorbate Redox Ratio in Oncidium Hybrid Orchid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:2164-76. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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73
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Venkatesh J, Park SW. Role of L-ascorbate in alleviating abiotic stresses in crop plants. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:38. [PMID: 28510969 PMCID: PMC5432849 DOI: 10.1186/1999-3110-55-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a major antioxidant in plants and plays a significant role in mitigation of excessive cellular reactive oxygen species activities caused by number of abiotic stresses. Plant ascorbate levels change differentially in response to varying environmental stress conditions, depending on the degree of stress and species sensitivity. Successful modulation of ascorbate biosynthesis through genetic manipulation of genes involved in biosynthesis, catabolism and recycling of ascorbate has been achieved. Recently, role of ascorbate in alleviating number of abiotic stresses has been highlighted in crop plants. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of ascorbate biosynthesis and its antioxidant role in order to increase our comprehension of how ascorbate helps plants to counteract or cope with various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu South Korea
| | - Se Won Park
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu South Korea
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Pintó-Marijuan M, Munné-Bosch S. Photo-oxidative stress markers as a measure of abiotic stress-induced leaf senescence: advantages and limitations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3845-57. [PMID: 24683180 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Inside chloroplasts, several abiotic stresses (including drought, high light, salinity, or extreme temperatures) induce a reduction in CO2 assimilation rates with a consequent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ultimately leading to leaf senescence and yield loss. Photo-oxidation processes should therefore be mitigated to prevent leaf senescence, and plants have evolved several mechanisms to either prevent the formation of ROS or eliminate them. Technology evolution during the past decade has brought faster and more precise methodologies to quantify ROS production effects and damage, and the capacities of plants to withstand oxidative stress. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to disentangle photo-oxidative processes that bring leaf defence and acclimation, from those leading to leaf senescence (and consequently death). It is important to avoid the mistake of discussing results on leaf extracts as being equivalent to chloroplast extracts without taking into account that other organelles, such as peroxisomes, mitochondria, or the apoplast also significantly contribute to the overall ROS production within the cell. Another important aspect is that studies on abiotic stress-induced leaf senescence in crops do not always include a time-course evolution of studied processes, which limits our knowledge about what photo-oxidative stress processes are required to irreversibly induce the senescence programme. This review will summarize the current technologies used to evaluate the extent of photo-oxidative stress in plants, and discuss their advantages and limitations in characterizing abiotic stress-induced leaf senescence in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pintó-Marijuan
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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75
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Carvalho FEL, Ribeiro CW, Martins MO, Bonifacio A, Staats CC, Andrade CMB, Cerqueira JV, Margis-Pinheiro M, Silveira JAG. Cytosolic APX knockdown rice plants sustain photosynthesis by regulation of protein expression related to photochemistry, Calvin cycle and photorespiration. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:632-645. [PMID: 24329817 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical mechanisms underlying the involvement of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidases (cAPXs) in photosynthesis are still unknown. In this study, rice plants doubly silenced in these genes (APX1/2) were exposed to moderate light (ML) and high light (HL) to assess the role of cAPXs in photosynthetic efficiency. APX1/2 mutants that were exposed to ML overexpressed seven and five proteins involved in photochemical activity and photorespiration, respectively. These plants also increased the pheophytin and chlorophyll levels, but the amount of five proteins that are important for Calvin cycle did not change. These responses in mutants were associated with Rubisco carboxylation rate, photosystem II (PSII) activity and potential photosynthesis, which were similar to non-transformed plants. The upregulation of photochemical proteins may be part of a compensatory mechanism for APX1/2 deficiency but apparently the finer-control for photosynthesis efficiency is dependent on Calvin cycle proteins. Conversely, under HL the mutants employed a different strategy, triggering downregulation of proteins related to photochemical activity, Calvin cycle and decreasing the levels of photosynthetic pigments. These changes were associated to strong impairment in PSII activity and Rubisco carboxylation. The upregulation of some photorespiratory proteins was maintained under that stressful condition and this response may have contributed to photoprotection in rice plants deficient in cAPXs. The data reveal that the two cAPXs are not essential for photosynthesis in rice or, alternatively, the deficient plants are able to trigger compensatory mechanisms to photosynthetic acclimation under ML and HL conditions. These mechanisms involve differential regulation in protein expression related to photochemistry, Calvin cycle and photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício E L Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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76
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Song Y, Miao Y, Song CP. Behind the scenes: the roles of reactive oxygen species in guard cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1121-1140. [PMID: 24188383 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells regulate stomatal pore size through integration of both endogenous and environmental signals; they are widely recognized as providing a key switching mechanism that maximizes both the efficient use of water and rates of CO₂ exchange for photosynthesis; this is essential for the adaptation of plants to water stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely considered to be an important player in guard cell signalling. In this review, we focus on recent progress concerning the role of ROS as signal molecules in controlling stomatal movement, the interaction between ROS and intrinsic and environmental response pathways, the specificity of ROS signalling, and how ROS signals are sensed and relayed. However, the picture of ROS-mediated signalling is still fragmented and the issues of ROS sensing and the specificity of ROS signalling remain unclear. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of ROS signalling in guard cells, with an emphasis on the main players known to interact with abscisic acid signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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77
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Caverzan A, Bonifacio A, Carvalho FEL, Andrade CMB, Passaia G, Schünemann M, Maraschin FDS, Martins MO, Teixeira FK, Rauber R, Margis R, Silveira JAG, Margis-Pinheiro M. The knockdown of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidases reveals its regulatory role in the photosynthesis and protection under photo-oxidative stress in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 214:74-87. [PMID: 24268165 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of the chloroplast ascorbate peroxidases (chlAPXs) has been thought to limit the efficiency of the water-water cycle and photo-oxidative protection under stress conditions. In this study, we have generated double knockdown rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in both OsAPX7 (sAPX) and OsAPX8 (tAPX) genes, which encode chloroplastic APXs (chlAPXs). By employing an integrated approach involving gene expression, proteomics, biochemical and physiological analyses of photosynthesis, we have assessed the role of chlAPXs in the regulation of the protection of the photosystem II (PSII) activity and CO2 assimilation in rice plants exposed to high light (HL) and methyl violagen (MV). The chlAPX knockdown plants were affected more severely than the non-transformed (NT) plants in the activity and structure of PSII and CO2 assimilation in the presence of MV. Although MV induced significant increases in pigment content in the knockdown plants, the increases were apparently not sufficient for protection. Treatment with HL also caused generalized damage in PSII in both types of plants. The knockdown and NT plants exhibited differences in photosynthetic parameters related to efficiency of utilization of light and CO2. The knockdown plants overexpressed other antioxidant enzymes in response to the stresses and increased the GPX activity in the chloroplast-enriched fraction. Our data suggest that a partial deficiency of chlAPX expression modulate the PSII activity and integrity, reflecting the overall photosynthesis when rice plants are subjected to acute oxidative stress. However, under normal growth conditions, the knockdown plants exhibit normal phenotype, biochemical and physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Caverzan
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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78
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Gao X, Yuan HM, Hu YQ, Li J, Lu YT. Mutation of Arabidopsis CATALASE2 results in hyponastic leaves by changes of auxin levels. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:175-88. [PMID: 23738953 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and H2 O2 play vital roles in plant development and environmental responses; however, it is unclear whether and how H2 O2 modulates auxin levels. Here, we investigate this question using cat2-1 mutant, which exhibits reduced catalase activity and accumulates high levels of H2 O2 under photorespiratory conditions. At a light intensity of 150 μmol m(-2) s(-1) , the mutant exhibited up-curled leaves that have increased H2 O2 contents and decreased auxin levels. At low light intensities (30 μmol m(-2) s(-1)), the leaves of the mutant were normal, but exhibited reduced H2 O2 contents and elevated auxin levels. These findings suggest that H2 O2 modulates auxin levels. When auxin was directly applied to cat2-1 leaves, the up-curled leaves curled downwards. In addition, transformation of cat2-1 plants with pCAT2:iaaM, which increases auxin levels, rescued the hyponastic leaf phenotype. Using qRT-PCR, we demonstrated that the transcription of auxin synthesis-related genes and of genes that regulate leaf curvature is suppressed in cat2-1. Furthermore, application of glutathione rescued the up-curled leaves of cat2-1 and increased auxin levels, but did not change H2 O2 levels. Thus, the hyponastic leaves of cat2-1 reveal crosstalk between H2 O2 and auxin signalling that is mediated by changes in glutathione redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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79
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Micheal AS, Subramanyam MVV. Antioxidant enzymes as defense mechanism against oxidative stress in midgut tissue and hemocytes of Bombyx mori larvae subjected to various stressors. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 84:222-234. [PMID: 24222080 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, larvae of silkworm Bombyx mori were subjected to low temperature, hypoxia, and viral infection to evaluate stressor-mediated oxidative stress (OS) and the induction of antioxidant enzymes (AOEs). Exposure to cold, hypoxia, and nuclear polyhedral virus for 24 h resulted in a significant increase in hydrogen peroxide generation with concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl levels in midgut and hemocytes. AOEs such as superoxide dismutase and catalase also increased significantly in both the tissues and the increased AOEs reverted to control values during recovery. Ontogenic stages of the larvae showed a diminishing ability of the tissues to overcome OS induced by the stressors. A significant increase in AOE activity during short stress period indicated a possible transitory defense mechanism to avoid OS-induced cell damage.
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80
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Camillo LR, Filadelfo CR, Monzani PS, Corrêa RX, Gramacho KP, Micheli F, Pirovani CP. Tc-cAPX, a cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase of Theobroma cacao L. engaged in the interaction with Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causing agent of witches' broom disease. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 73:254-265. [PMID: 24161755 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plants signalizes the induction of several genes, including that of ascorbate peroxidase (APX-EC 1.11.1.11). APX isoenzymes play a central role in the elimination of intracellular H2O2 and contribute to plant responses to diverse stresses. During the infection process in Theobroma cacao by Moniliophthora perniciosa oxidative stress is generated and the APX action recruited from the plant. The present work aimed to characterize the T. cacao APX involved in the molecular interaction of T. cacao-M. perniciosa. The peroxidase activity was analyzed in protein extracts from cocoa plants infected by M. perniciosa and showed the induction of peroxidases like APX in resistant cocoa plants. The cytosolic protein of T. cacao (GenBank: ABR68691.2) was phylogenetically analyzed in relation to other peroxidases from the cocoa genome and eight genes encoding APX proteins with conserved domains were also analyzed. The cDNA from cytosolic APX was cloned in pET28a and the recombinant protein expressed and purified (rTc-cAPX). The secondary structure of the protein was analyzed by Circular Dichroism (CD) displaying high proportion of α-helices when folded. The enzymatic assay shows stable activity using ascorbate and guaiacol as an electron donor for H2O2 reduction. The pH 7.5 is the optimum for enzyme activity. Chromatographic analysis suggests that rTc-cAPX is a homodimer in solution. Results indicate that the rTc-cAPX is correctly folded, stable and biochemically active. The purified rTc-cAPX presented biotechnological potential and is adequate for future structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Rodrigues Camillo
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Rodovia Jorge Amado Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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81
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Diaz-Vivancos P, Faize M, Barba-Espin G, Faize L, Petri C, Hernández JA, Burgos L. Ectopic expression of cytosolic superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase leads to salt stress tolerance in transgenic plums. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:976-85. [PMID: 23750614 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To fortify the antioxidant capacity of plum plants, genes encoding cytosolic antioxidants ascorbate peroxidase (cytapx) and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (cytsod) were genetically engineered in these plants. Transgenic plum plants expressing the cytsod and/or cytapx genes in cytosol have been generated under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. High levels of cytsod and cytapx gene transcripts suggested that the transgenes were constitutively and functionally expressed. We examined the potential functions of cytSOD and cytAPX in in vitro plum plants against salt stress (100 mm NaCl). Several transgenic plantlets expressing cytsod and/or cytapx showed an enhanced tolerance to salt stress, mainly lines C5-5 and J8-1 (expressing several copies of sod and apx, respectively). Transformation as well as NaCl treatments influenced the antioxidative metabolism of plum plantlets, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Transgenic plantlets exhibited higher contents of nonenzymatic antioxidants glutathione and ascorbate than nontransformed control, which correlated with lower accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Overall, our results suggest that transformation of plum plants with genes encoding antioxidant enzymes enhances the tolerance to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
- Department of Plant Breeding, Group of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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82
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Sewelam N, Kazan K, Thomas-Hall SR, Kidd BN, Manners JM, Schenk PM. Ethylene response factor 6 is a regulator of reactive oxygen species signaling in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70289. [PMID: 23940555 PMCID: PMC3734174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in plant cells in response to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses as well as during normal growth and development. Although a large number of transcription factor (TF) genes are up- or down-regulated by ROS, currently very little is known about the functions of these TFs during oxidative stress. In this work, we examined the role of ERF6 (ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR6), an AP2/ERF domain-containing TF, during oxidative stress responses in Arabidopsis. Mutant analyses showed that NADPH oxidase (RbohD) and calcium signaling are required for ROS-responsive expression of ERF6. erf6 insertion mutant plants showed reduced growth and increased H2O2 and anthocyanin levels. Expression analyses of selected ROS-responsive genes during oxidative stress identified several differentially expressed genes in the erf6 mutant. In particular, a number of ROS responsive genes, such as ZAT12, HSFs, WRKYs, MAPKs, RBOHs, DHAR1, APX4, and CAT1 were more strongly induced by H2O2 in erf6 plants than in wild-type. In contrast, MDAR3, CAT3, VTC2 and EX1 showed reduced expression levels in the erf6 mutant. Taken together, our results indicate that ERF6 plays an important role as a positive antioxidant regulator during plant growth and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Sewelam
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kemal Kazan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Skye R. Thomas-Hall
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan N. Kidd
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John M. Manners
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peer M. Schenk
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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83
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Correa-Aragunde N, Foresi N, Delledonne M, Lamattina L. Auxin induces redox regulation of ascorbate peroxidase 1 activity by S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation balance resulting in changes of root growth pattern in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3339-49. [PMID: 23918967 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosylation of Cys residues is one of the molecular mechanisms driven by nitric oxide (NO) for regulating biological functions of key proteins. While the studies on S-nitrosylation of Cys residues have served for identifying SNO proteomes, the physiological relevance of protein S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation remains poorly understood. In this study, it is shown that auxin influences the balance of S-nitrosylated/denitrosylated proteins in roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. 2D-PAGE allowed the identification of ascorbate peroxidase 1 (APX1) as target of auxin-induced denitrosylation in roots. Auxin causes APX1 denitrosylation and partial inhibition of APX1 activity in Arabidopsis roots. In agreement, the S-nitrosylated form of recombinant APX1 expressed in Escherichia coli is more active than the denitrosylated form. Consistently, Arabidopsis apx1 mutants have increased H₂O₂ accumulation in roots, shorter roots, and less sensitivity to auxin than the wild type. It is postulated that an auxin-regulated counterbalance of APX1 S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation contributes to a fine-tuned control of root development and determination of root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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84
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Piterková J, Luhová L, Mieslerová B, Lebeda A, Petřivalský M. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species regulate the accumulation of heat shock proteins in tomato leaves in response to heat shock and pathogen infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 207:57-65. [PMID: 23602099 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are produced in response to various stress stimuli to prevent cell damage. We evaluated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the accumulation of Hsp70 proteins in tomato leaves induced by abiotic and biotic stress stimuli. A model system of leaf discs was used with two tomato genotypes, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Amateur and Solanum chmielewskii, differing in their resistance to fungal pathogen Oidium neolycopersici. Leaf discs were exposed to stress factors as heat shock and pathogen infection alone or in a combination, and treated with substances modulating endogenous NO and ROS levels. Two proteins of Hsp70 family were detected in stressed tomato leaf discs: a heat-inducible 72 kDa protein and a constitutive 75 kDa protein. The pathogenesis and mechanical stress influenced Hsp75 accumulation, whereas heat stress induced mainly Hsp72 production. Treatment with NO donor and NO scavenger significantly modulated the level of Hsp70 in variable manner related to the genotype resistance. Hsp70 accumulation correlated with endogenous NO level in S. lycopersicum and ROS levels in S. chmielewskii. We conclude NO and ROS are involved in the regulation of Hsp70 production and accumulation under abiotic and biotic stresses in dependence on plant ability to trigger its defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Piterková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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85
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Xing Y, Cao Q, Zhang Q, Qin L, Jia W, Zhang J. MKK5 Regulates High Light-Induced Gene Expression of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase 1 and 2 in Arabidopsis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1217-27. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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86
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Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Alam MM, Roychowdhury R, Fujita M. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in plants. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9643-84. [PMID: 23644891 PMCID: PMC3676804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 686] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature (HT) stress is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth, metabolism, and productivity worldwide. Plant growth and development involve numerous biochemical reactions that are sensitive to temperature. Plant responses to HT vary with the degree and duration of HT and the plant type. HT is now a major concern for crop production and approaches for sustaining high yields of crop plants under HT stress are important agricultural goals. Plants possess a number of adaptive, avoidance, or acclimation mechanisms to cope with HT situations. In addition, major tolerance mechanisms that employ ion transporters, proteins, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other factors involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control are activated to offset stress-induced biochemical and physiological alterations. Plant survival under HT stress depends on the ability to perceive the HT stimulus, generate and transmit the signal, and initiate appropriate physiological and biochemical changes. HT-induced gene expression and metabolite synthesis also substantially improve tolerance. The physiological and biochemical responses to heat stress are active research areas, and the molecular approaches are being adopted for developing HT tolerance in plants. This article reviews the recent findings on responses, adaptation, and tolerance to HT at the cellular, organellar, and whole plant levels and describes various approaches being taken to enhance thermotolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; E-Mails: (K.N.); (M.M.A.)
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; E-Mails: (K.N.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Rajib Roychowdhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India; E-Mail:
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; E-Mails: (K.N.); (M.M.A.)
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87
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Lindemose S, O’Shea C, Jensen MK, Skriver K. Structure, function and networks of transcription factors involved in abiotic stress responses. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5842-78. [PMID: 23485989 PMCID: PMC3634440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of abiotic stress responses in plants. This review focuses on TFs from seven major TF families, known to play functional roles in response to abiotic stresses, including drought, high salinity, high osmolarity, temperature extremes and the phytohormone ABA. Although ectopic expression of several TFs has improved abiotic stress tolerance in plants, fine-tuning of TF expression and protein levels remains a challenge to avoid crop yield loss. To further our understanding of TFs in abiotic stress responses, emerging gene regulatory networks based on TFs and their direct targets genes are presented. These revealed components shared between ABA-dependent and independent signaling as well as abiotic and biotic stress signaling. Protein structure analysis suggested that TFs hubs of large interactomes have extended regions with protein intrinsic disorder (ID), referring to their lack of fixed tertiary structures. ID is now an emerging topic in plant science. Furthermore, the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome protein degradation systems and modification by sumoylation is also apparent from the interactomes. Therefore; TF interaction partners such as E3 ubiquitin ligases and TF regions with ID represent future targets for engineering improved abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Lindemose
- Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Charlotte O’Shea
- Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.L.); (C.O.)
| | - Michael Krogh Jensen
- Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; E-Mail:
| | - Karen Skriver
- Biomolecular Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; E-Mails: (S.L.); (C.O.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +45-35321712
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88
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Wang P, Du Y, Zhao X, Miao Y, Song CP. The MPK6-ERF6-ROS-responsive cis-acting Element7/GCC box complex modulates oxidative gene transcription and the oxidative response in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1392-408. [PMID: 23300166 PMCID: PMC3585604 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been characterized as both important signaling molecules and universal stressors that mediate many developmental and physiological responses. So far, details of the transcriptional mechanism of ROS-responsive genes are largely unknown. In the study reported here, we identified seven potential ROS-responsive cis-acting elements (ROSEs) from the promoters of genes up-regulated by ROS in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We also found that the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding factor6 (ERF6) could bind specifically to the ROSE7/GCC box. Coexpression of ERF6 enhanced luciferase activity driven by ROSE7. The deficient mutants of ERF6 showed growth retardation and higher sensitivity to photodamage. ERF6 interacted physically with mitogen-activated protein kinase6 (MPK6) and also served as a substrate of MPK6. MPK6-mediated ERF6 phosphorylation at both serine-266 and serine-269 affected the dynamic alternation of the ERF6 protein, which resulted in changes in ROS-responsive gene transcription. These data might provide new insight into the mechanisms that regulate ROS-responsive gene transcription via a complex of MPK6, ERF6, and the ROSE7/GCC box under oxidative stress or a fluctuating light environment.
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Folgado R, Panis B, Sergeant K, Renaut J, Swennen R, Hausman JF. Differential Protein Expression in Response to Abiotic Stress in Two Potato Species: Solanum commersonii Dun and Solanum tuberosum L. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4912-33. [PMID: 23455465 PMCID: PMC3634427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Better knowledge on responses to dehydration stress could help to improve the existing cryopreservation protocols for potato, since plant tissues processed for cryopreservation are often submitted to similar in vitro stress conditions. Cryopreservation (the best method of conservation for vegetatively propagated plants) of potato still needs to be standardized to make it available and to conserve the wide diversity of this crop. In the present work, the response to osmotic stress and chilling temperature was investigated in two potato species, Solanum tuberosum and its relative, frost-tolerant S. commersonii. After 14 days of exposure, different growth parameters, such as shoot length and number of leaves, were measured. Furthermore, differentially abundant proteins were identified after performing 2-fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-DIGE) experiments, and soluble carbohydrates were analyzed by High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD). The results show different responses in both species depending on the stress treatment. Focusing on the differences in growth parameters during the treatments, Solanum commersonii seems to be more affected than S. tuberosum cv. Désirée. At the molecular level, there are some differences and similarities between the two potato species studied that are dependent on the type of stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Folgado
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mails: (B.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Bart Panis
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mails: (B.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Rony Swennen
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mails: (B.P.); (R.S.)
- Bioversity International, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
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90
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Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Wu J, Zheng X, Zheng S, Sun X, Qiu Q, Lu T. Gene knockout study reveals that cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2(OsAPX2) plays a critical role in growth and reproduction in rice under drought, salt and cold stresses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57472. [PMID: 23468992 PMCID: PMC3585366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), enzymes catalyzing the dismutation of H2O2 into H2O and O2, play an important role in reactive oxygen species homeostasis in plants. The rice genome has eight OsAPXs, but their physiological functions remain to be determined. In this report, we studied the function of OsAPX2 gene using a T-DNA knockout mutant under the treatment of drought, salt and cold stresses. The Osapx2 knockout mutant was isolated by a genetic screening of a rice T-DNA insertion library under 20% PEG-2000 treatment. Loss of function in OsAPX2 affected the growth and development of rice seedlings, resulting in semi-dwarf seedlings, yellow-green leaves, leaf lesion mimic and seed sterility. OsAPX2 expression was developmental- and spatial-regulated, and was induced by drought, salt, and cold stresses. Osapx2 mutants had lower APX activity and were sensitive to abiotic stresses; overexpression of OsAPX2 increased APX activity and enhanced stress tolerance. H2O2 and MDA levels were high in Osapx2 mutants but low in OsAPX2-OX transgenic lines relative to wild-type plants after stress treatments. Taken together, the cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase OsAPX2 plays an important role in rice growth and development by protecting the seedlings from abiotic stresses through scavenging reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key facility for Gene Resources And Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Quian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key facility for Gene Resources And Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key facility for Gene Resources And Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key facility for Gene Resources And Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key facility for Gene Resources And Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Quansheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QQ); (TL)
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key facility for Gene Resources And Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (QQ); (TL)
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91
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Barajas-López JDD, Blanco NE, Strand Å. Plastid-to-nucleus communication, signals controlling the running of the plant cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013. [PMID: 22749883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.06.020 [epub ahead of print]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of genes encoding organellar proteins in both the nucleus and the organelle necessitates tight coordination of expression by the different genomes, and this has led to the evolution of sophisticated intracellular signaling networks. Organelle-to-nucleus signaling, or retrograde control, coordinates the expression of nuclear genes encoding organellar proteins with the metabolic and developmental state of the organelle. Complex networks of retrograde signals orchestrate major changes in nuclear gene expression and coordinate cellular activities and assist the cell during plant development and stress responses. It has become clear that, even though the chloroplast depends on the nucleus for its function, plastid signals play important roles in an array of different cellular processes vital to the plant. Hence, the chloroplast exerts significant control over the running of the cell. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Import and Quality Control in Mitochondria and Plastids.
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92
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Thakur M, Sohal BS. Role of Elicitors in Inducing Resistance in Plants against Pathogen Infection: A Review. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:762412. [PMID: 25969762 PMCID: PMC4393000 DOI: 10.1155/2013/762412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Disease control is largely based on the use of fungicides, bactericides, and insecticides-chemical compounds toxic to plant invaders, causative agents, or vectors of plant diseases. However, the hazardous effect of these chemicals or their degradation products on the environment and human health strongly necessitates the search for new, harmless means of disease control. There must be some natural phenomenon of induced resistance to protect plants from disease. Elicitors are compounds, which activate chemical defense in plants. Various biosynthetic pathways are activated in treated plants depending on the compound used. Commonly tested chemical elicitors are salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, benzothiadiazole, benzoic acid, chitosan, and so forth which affect production of phenolic compounds and activation of various defense-related enzymes in plants. Their introduction into agricultural practice could minimize the scope of chemical control, thus contributing to the development of sustainable agriculture. This paper chiefly highlights the uses of elicitors aiming to draw sufficient attention of researchers to the frontier research needed in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities (COBS&H), Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 001, India
| | - Baldev Singh Sohal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities (COBS&H), Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 001, India
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93
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Gallie DR. L-ascorbic Acid: a multifunctional molecule supporting plant growth and development. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:795964. [PMID: 24278786 PMCID: PMC3820358 DOI: 10.1155/2013/795964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is as essential to plants as it is to animals. Ascorbic acid functions as a major redox buffer and as a cofactor for enzymes involved in regulating photosynthesis, hormone biosynthesis, and regenerating other antioxidants. Ascorbic acid regulates cell division and growth and is involved in signal transduction. In contrast to the single pathway responsible for ascorbic acid biosynthesis in animals, plants use multiple pathways to synthesize ascorbic acid, perhaps reflecting the importance of this molecule to plant health. Given the importance of ascorbic acid to human nutrition, several technologies have been developed to increase the ascorbic acid content of plants through the manipulation of biosynthetic or recycling pathways. This paper provides an overview of these approaches as well as the consequences that changes in ascorbic acid content have on plant growth and function. Discussed is the capacity of plants to tolerate changes in ascorbic acid content. The many functions that ascorbic acid serves in plants, however, will require highly targeted approaches to improve their nutritional quality without compromising their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Gallie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0129, USA
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94
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Wassim A, Ichrak BR, Saïda A. Putative role of proteins involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the early response to gravitropic stimulation of poplar stems. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e22411. [PMID: 23104108 PMCID: PMC3745552 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gravity perception and gravitropic response are essential for plant development. In herbaceous species it is widely accepted that one of the primary events in gravity perception involves the displacement of amyloplasts within specialized cells. However the signaling cascade leading to stem reorientation is not fully known especially in woody species in which primary and secondary growth occur. Several different second messengers and proteins have been suggested to be involved in signal transduction of gravitropism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as second messengers in several plant hormone responses. It has been shown that ROS are asymmetrically generated in roots by gravistimulation to regions of reduced growth. Proteins involved in detoxification of ROS and defense were identified by mass spectrometry: i.e., Thioredoxin h (Trx h), CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX2), oxygen evolving enhancer 1 (OEE1), oxygen evolving enhancer 2 (OEE2), and ATP synthase. These differentially accumulated proteins that correspond to detoxification of ROS were analyzed at the mRNA level. The mRNA levels showed different expression patterns than those of the corresponding proteins, and revealed that transcription levels were not completely concomitant with translation. Our data showed that these proteins may play a role in the early response to gravitropic stimulation.
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95
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Zhang Y. Enzymes Involved in Ascorbate Biosynthesis and Metabolism in Plants. ASCORBIC ACID IN PLANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4127-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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96
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Systemic Photooxidative Stress Signalling. LONG-DISTANCE SYSTEMIC SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36470-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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97
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Suzuki N, Miller G, Sejima H, Harper J, Mittler R. Enhanced seed production under prolonged heat stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana plants deficient in cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64. [PMID: 23183257 PMCID: PMC3528037 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a key role in the response of plants to abiotic stress conditions. Their level is controlled in Arabidopsis thaliana by a large network of genes that includes the H(2)O(2)-scavenging enzymes cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 1 and 2. Although the function of APX1 has been established under different growth conditions, genetic evidence for APX2 function, as well as for the mode of cooperation between APX1 and APX2, is very limited. This study characterized the response of Arabidopsis mutants deficient in APX1, APX2, and APX1/APX2 to heat, salinity, light, and oxidative stresses. The findings reveal that deficiency in APX2 resulted in a decreased tolerance to light stress, as well as an enhanced tolerance to salinity and oxidative stresses. Interestingly, plants lacking APX2 were more sensitive to heat stress at the seedling stage, but more tolerant to heat stress at the reproductive stage. Cooperation between APX1 and APX2 was evident during oxidative stress, but not during light, salinity, or heat stress. The findings demonstrate a role for APX2 in the response of plants to light, heat, salinity, and oxidative stresses. The finding that plants lacking APX2 produced more seeds under prolonged heat stress conditions suggests that redundant mechanisms activated in APX2-deficient plants during heat stress play a key role in the protection of reproductive tissues from heat-related damage. This finding is very important because heat-associated damage to reproductive tissues in different crops is a major cause for yield loss in agriculture production worldwide.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adaptation, Physiological/radiation effects
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/physiology
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Ascorbate Peroxidases/deficiency
- Ascorbate Peroxidases/genetics
- Ascorbate Peroxidases/metabolism
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/enzymology
- Cytosol/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Hot Temperature
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Light
- Mutation/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/radiation effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reproduction/drug effects
- Reproduction/radiation effects
- Seedlings/drug effects
- Seedlings/physiology
- Seedlings/radiation effects
- Seeds/drug effects
- Seeds/growth & development
- Seeds/radiation effects
- Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
- Stress, Physiological/drug effects
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Hiroe Sejima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeffery Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Mail Stop 330, Reno NV 89557, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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98
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Tripathy BC, Oelmüller R. Reactive oxygen species generation and signaling in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1621-33. [PMID: 23072988 PMCID: PMC3578903 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of molecular oxygen into the atmosphere was accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as side products of many biochemical reactions. ROS are permanently generated in plastids, peroxisomes, mitochiondria, the cytosol and the apoplast. Imbalance between ROS generation and safe detoxification generates oxidative stress and the accumulating ROS are harmful for the plants. On the other hand, specific ROS function as signaling molecules and activate signal transduction processes in response to various stresses. Here, we summarize the generation of ROS in the different cellular compartments and the signaling processes which are induced by ROS.
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99
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Maruta T, Inoue T, Noshi M, Tamoi M, Yabuta Y, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa T, Shigeoka S. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 protects organelles against oxidative stress by wounding- and jasmonate-induced H2O2 in Arabidopsis plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1901-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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100
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Caverzan A, Passaia G, Rosa SB, Ribeiro CW, Lazzarotto F, Margis-Pinheiro M. Plant responses to stresses: Role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:1011-9. [PMID: 23412747 PMCID: PMC3571416 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012000600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When plants are exposed to stressful environmental conditions, the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) increases and can cause significant damage to the cells. Antioxidant defenses, which can detoxify ROS, are present in plants. A major hydrogen peroxide detoxifying system in plant cells is the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, in which, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes play a key role catalyzing the conversion of H(2)O(2) into H(2)O, using ascorbate as a specific electron donor. Different APX isoforms are present in distinct subcellular compartments, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisome, and cytosol. The expression of APX genes is regulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as during plant development. The APX responses are directly involved in the protection of plant cells against adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, mutant plants APX genes showed alterations in growth, physiology and antioxidant metabolism revealing those enzymes involvement in the normal plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Caverzan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Passaia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Barcellos Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Werner Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lazzarotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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