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Chao CT, Tang CH, Cheng RWY, Wang MYH, Hung KY. Protein-energy wasting significantly increases healthcare utilization and costs among patients with chronic kidney disease: a propensity-score matched cohort study. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:1705-1713. [PMID: 28699849 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1354823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-related malnutrition is highly prevalent, and has prognostic implications for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, few studies have investigated the impact of malnutrition, or protein-energy wasting (PEW), on healthcare utilization and medical expenditure among CKD patients. METHODS Using claim data from the National Health Insurance in Taiwan, this study identified patients with CKD between 2009-2013 and categorized them into those with mild, moderate, or severe CKD. Cases with PEW after CKD was diagnosed were propensity-score matched with controls in a 1:4 ratio. Healthcare resource utilization metrics were compared, including outpatient and emergency department visits, frequency and duration of hospitalization, and the cumulative costs associated with different CKD severity. RESULTS From among 347,501 CKD patients, eligible cohorts of 66,872 with mild CKD (49.2%), 27,122 with moderate CKD (19.9%), and 42,013 with severe CKD (30.9%) were selected. Malnourished CKD patients had significantly higher rates of hospitalization (p < .001 for all severities) and re-admission (p = .015 for mild CKD, p = .002 for severe CKD) than non-malnourished controls. Cumulative medical costs for outpatient and emergency visits, and hospitalization, were significantly higher among all malnourished CKD patients than non-malnourished ones (p < .001); total medical costs were also higher among malnourished patients with mild (62.9%), moderate (59.6%), or severe (43.6%) CKD compared to non-malnourished patients (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS In a nationally-representative cohort, CKD patients with PEW had significantly more healthcare resource utilization and higher aggregate medical costs than those without, across the spectrum of CKD: preventing PEW in CKD patients should receive high priority if we would like to reduce medical costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- a Department of Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan branch , Wuhu Village, Jinshan Dist. , New Taipei City , Taiwan
- b Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiun Tang
- c School of Health Care Administration, College of Management , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- b Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
- e Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu branch , Hsinchu City , Taiwan
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Jones DJ, Harvey K, Harris JP, Butler LT, Vaux EC. Understanding the impact of haemodialysis on UK National Health Service patients' well-being: A qualitative investigation. J Clin Nurs 2017; 27:193-204. [PMID: 28498615 PMCID: PMC6853155 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims and objectives While haemodialysis is an effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease, the requirements and restrictions it imposes on patients can be onerous. The aim of this study was to obtain UK National Health Service patients’ perspectives on the challenges arising from haemodialysis with the intention of identifying potential improvements. Background Depression rates are particularly high in those with end‐stage renal disease; however, there is limited insight into the range of stressors associated with haemodialysis treatment within the National Health Service contributing to such high rates, particularly those of a cognitive or psychological nature. Design A qualitative approach was used to obtain rich, patient‐focused data; one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews were conducted with twenty end‐stage renal disease at a UK National Health Service centre. Methods Patients were interviewed during a typical haemodialysis session. Thematic analysis was used to systematically interpret the data. Codes were created in an inductive and cyclical process using a constant comparative approach. Results Three themes emerged from the data: (i) fluctuations in cognitive/physical well‐being across the haemodialysis cycle, (ii) restrictions arising from the haemodialysis treatment schedule, (iii) emotional impact of haemodialysis on the self and others. The findings are limited to predominantly white, older patients (median = 74 years) within a National Health Service setting. Conclusions Several of the experiences reported by patients as challenging and distressing have so far been overlooked in the literature. A holistic‐based approach to treatment, acknowledging all aspects of a patient's well‐being, is essential if optimal quality of life is to be achieved by healthcare providers. Relevance to clinical practice The findings can be used to inform future interventions and guidelines aimed at improving patients’ treatment adherence and outcomes, for example, improved reliable access to mental health specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jw Jones
- School of Psychology, University of Reading Malaysia, Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kate Harvey
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - John P Harris
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Laurie T Butler
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Emma C Vaux
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
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Dam M, Neelemaat F, Struijk-Wielinga T, Weijs PJ, van Jaarsveld BC. Physical performance and protein-energy wasting in patients treated with nocturnal haemodialysis compared to conventional haemodialysis: protocol of the DiapriFIT study. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:144. [PMID: 28460640 PMCID: PMC5412044 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor physical performance and protein-energy wasting (PEW) are health issues of major concern in haemodialysis patients. The conventional haemodialysis (CHD) regime, three times per week 3-5 h, is subject of discussion because of high morbidity and mortality rates. When patients switch from CHD to longer dialysis sessions, i.e. nocturnal haemodialysis (NHD), improvement in protein intake and increase in body weight is seen. However, it is unclear whether physical performance and more important aspects of PEW, such as body composition, improve as well. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether physical performance improves and PEW decreases, when patients switch from CHD to NHD. A second aim is to assess the influence of NHD on the biomarkers fibroblast growth factor-23 and sclerostin which are thought to be associated with malnutrition and mortality in patients on haemodialysis. METHODS This study is a prospective multicentre cohort study with an inclusion aim of 50 patients: 25 patients in a control group (three times per week, 3-5 h CHD) and 25 patients in a nocturnal group (three times per week, 7-9 h NHD). Primary outcome is change in physical performance, measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery. Additional measurements are a 6-min walk test, handgrip strength, a physical activity questionnaire and physical activity monitoring. The secondary outcome of the study is PEW, which will be evaluated by body weight, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bio-electrical impedance spectroscopy, mid-upper arm muscle circumference, subjective global assessment, visual analogue scale for appetite and dietary records. Laboratory measurements including fibroblast growth factor-23 and sclerostin, and quality of life assessed with the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form are also studied. In every patient, four repeated measurements will be performed during one year of follow-up. DISCUSSION This study will investigate whether physical performance improves and PEW decreases when patients switch from CHD to NHD, compared to a control group who continue treatment with CHD. Strengths of this study are the comparison with a conventional haemodialysis cohort, and the broad variety of objective measurements combined with patient-reported outcomes of physical performance and PEW. TRIAL REGISTRATION NTR4715 , Netherlands Trial Register. Registered 30 July 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Dam
- VU University Medical Centre, department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Floor Neelemaat
- VU University Medical Centre, department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudeke Struijk-Wielinga
- VU University Medical Centre, department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Weijs
- VU University Medical Centre, department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigit C van Jaarsveld
- VU University Medical Centre, department of Nephrology, Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Factors Associated with Decreased Lean Tissue Index in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050434. [PMID: 28448447 PMCID: PMC5452164 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is common and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, factors associated with decreased muscle mass in CKD patients are seldom reported. We performed a cross-sectional study of 326 patients (age 65.8 ± 13.3 years) with stage 3–5 CKD who were not yet on dialysis. Muscle mass was determined using the Body Composition Monitor (BCM), a multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy device, and was expressed as the lean tissue index (LTI, lean tissue mass/height2). An LTI of less than 10% of the normal value (low LTI) indicates muscle wasting. Patients with low LTI (n = 40) tended to be diabetic, had significantly higher fat tissue index, urine protein creatinine ratio, and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, but had significantly lower serum albumin and hemoglobin levels compared with those with normal LTI. In multivariate linear regression analysis, age, sex, cardiovascular disease, and interleukin-6 were independently associated with LTI. Additionally, diabetes mellitus remained an independent predictor of muscle wasting according to low LTI by multivariate logistic regression analysis. We conclude that LTI has important clinical correlations. Determination of LTI may aid in clinical assessment by helping to identify muscle wasting among patients with stage 3–5 CKD.
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Harada K, Suzuki S, Ishii H, Aoki T, Hirayama K, Shibata Y, Negishi Y, Sumi T, Kawashima K, Kunimura A, Shimbo Y, Tatami Y, Kawamiya T, Yamamoto D, Morimoto R, Yasuda Y, Murohara T. Impact of Skeletal Muscle Mass on Long-Term Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Cardiol 2017; 119:1275-1280. [PMID: 28215411 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as skeletal muscle loss and dysfunction, is attracting considerable attention as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular events. Although the loss of skeletal muscle is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the relation between sarcopenia and cardiovascular events in CKD patients is not well defined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relation between skeletal muscle mass and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in CKD patients. We enrolled 266 asymptomatic CKD patients (median estimated glomerular filtration rate: 36.7 ml/min/1.73 m2). To evaluate skeletal muscle mass, we used the psoas muscle mass index (PMI) calculated from noncontrast computed tomography. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the cut-off value of PMI for MACE. There were significant differences in age and body mass index between the low and high PMI groups (median age: 73.5 vs 69.0 years, p = 0.002; median body mass index: 22.6 vs 24.2 kg/m2, p <0.001, respectively). During the follow-up period (median: 3.2 years), patients with low PMI had significantly higher risk of MACE than those with high PMI (31.7% and 11.2%, log-rank test, p <0.001). The Cox proportional hazard model showed that low PMI is an independent predictor of MACE in CKD patients (hazard ratio 3.98, 95% confidence interval 1.65 to 9.63, p = 0.0022). In conclusion, low skeletal muscle mass is an independent predictor of MACE in CKD patients. The assessment of skeletal muscle mass may be a valuable screening tool for predicting MACE in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshijiro Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hirayama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Negishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Sumi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawashima
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Kunimura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shimbo
- Department of Cardiology, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tatami
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kawamiya
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Morimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of CKD Initiatives Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yasuda
- Department of CKD Initiatives Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Piccoli GB, Moio MR, Fois A, Sofronie A, Gendrot L, Cabiddu G, D'Alessandro C, Cupisti A. The Diet and Haemodialysis Dyad: Three Eras, Four Open Questions and Four Paradoxes. A Narrative Review, Towards a Personalized, Patient-Centered Approach. Nutrients 2017; 9:E372. [PMID: 28394304 PMCID: PMC5409711 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of dialysis and diet can be viewed as a series of battles waged against potential threats to patients' lives. In the early years of dialysis, potassium was identified as "the killer", and the lists patients were given of forbidden foods included most plant-derived nourishment. As soon as dialysis became more efficient and survival increased, hyperphosphatemia, was identified as the enemy, generating an even longer list of banned aliments. Conversely, the "third era" finds us combating protein-energy wasting. This review discusses four questions and four paradoxes, regarding the diet-dialysis dyad: are the "magic numbers" of nutritional requirements (calories: 30-35 kcal/kg; proteins > 1.2 g/kg) still valid? Are the guidelines based on the metabolic needs of patients on "conventional" thrice-weekly bicarbonate dialysis applicable to different dialysis schedules, including daily dialysis or haemodiafiltration? The quantity of phosphate and potassium contained in processed and preserved foods may be significantly different from those in untreated foods: what are we eating? Is malnutrition one condition or a combination of conditions? The paradoxes: obesity is associated with higher survival in dialysis, losing weight is associated with mortality, but high BMI is a contraindication for kidney transplantation; it is difficult to limit phosphate intake when a patient is on a high-protein diet, such as the ones usually prescribed on dialysis; low serum albumin is associated with low dialysis efficiency and reduced survival, but on haemodiafiltration, high efficiency is coupled with albumin losses; banning plant derived food may limit consumption of "vascular healthy" food in a vulnerable population. Tailored approaches and agreed practices are needed so that we can identify attainable goals and pursue them in our fragile haemodialysis populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier le Mans, Avenue Roubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France.
| | - Maria Rita Moio
- Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier le Mans, Avenue Roubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France.
| | - Antioco Fois
- Nefrologia, Ospedale Brotzu, 09100 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Andreea Sofronie
- Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier le Mans, Avenue Roubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France.
| | - Lurlinys Gendrot
- Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier le Mans, Avenue Roubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France.
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Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rhee CM, Chou J, Ahmadi SF, Park J, Chen JL, Amin AN. The Obesity Paradox in Kidney Disease: How to Reconcile it with Obesity Management. Kidney Int Rep 2017; 2:271-281. [PMID: 28439569 PMCID: PMC5399774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for de novo chronic kidney disease (CKD), confers survival advantages in advanced CKD. This so-called obesity paradox is the archetype of the reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risks, in addition to the lipid, blood pressure, adiponectin, homocysteine, and uric acid paradoxes. These paradoxical phenomena are in sharp contradistinction to the known epidemiology of cardiovascular risks in the general population. In addition to advanced CKD, the obesity paradox has also been observed in heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, liver cirrhosis, and metastatic cancer, as well as in the elderly. These are populations in whom protein-energy wasting and inflammation are strong predictors of early death. Both larger muscle mass and higher body fat provide longevity in these patients, whereas thinner body habitus and weight loss are associated with higher mortality. Muscle mass appears to be superior to body fat in conferring an even greater survival. The obesity paradox may be the result of a time discrepancy between competing risk factors, i.e., overnutrition as the long-term killer versus undernutrition as the short-term killer. Hemodynamic stability of obesity, lipoprotein defense against circulating endotoxins, protective cytokine profiles, toxin sequestration of fat mass, and antioxidation of muscle may play important roles. Despite claims that obesity paradox is a statistical fallacy and a result of residual confounding, the consistency of data and other causality clues suggest a high biologic plausibility. Examining the causes and consequences of the obesity paradox may help discover important pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to improved outcomes in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
- Program for Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Nephrology Section, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Connie M. Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Jason Chou
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - S. Foad Ahmadi
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
- Program for Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Jongha Park
- Nephrology Section, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Joline L.T. Chen
- Nephrology Section, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Alpesh N. Amin
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California, USA
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Ma L, Zhao S. Risk factors for mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2017; 238:151-158. [PMID: 28341375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No consensus exists regarding the factors influencing mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of various patient characteristics on the risk of mortality in such patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central were searched for studies evaluating the risk factors for mortality in patients undergoing HD. The factors included age, gender, diabetes mellitus (DM), body mass index (BMI), previous cardiovascular disease (CVD), HD duration, hemoglobin, albumin, white blood cell, C-reactive protein (CRP), parathyroid hormone, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), iron, ln ferritin, adiponectin, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA2, ApoA3, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum phosphate, troponin T (TnT), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were derived. Data were synthesized using the random-effects model. RESULTS Age (per 1-year increment), DM, previous CVD, CRP (higher versus lower), ln ferritin, adiponectin (per 10.0μg/mL increment), HbA1c (higher versus lower), TnT, and BNP were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. BMI (per 1kg/m2 increment), hemoglobin (per 1d/dL increment), albumin (higher versus lower), TIBC, iron, ApoA2, and ApoA3 were associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Age (per 1-year increment), gender (women versus men), DM, previous CVD, HD duration, ln ferritin, HDL, and HbA1c (higher versus lower) significantly increased the risk of cardiac death. Albumin (higher versus lower), TIBC, and ApoA2 had a beneficial impact on the risk of cardiac death. CONCLUSIONS Multiple markers and factors influence the risk of mortality and cardiac death in patients undergoing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Kunimura A, Ishii H, Uetani T, Aoki T, Harada K, Hirayama K, Negishi Y, Shibata Y, Sumi T, Kawashima K, Tatami Y, Kawamiya T, Yamamoto D, Suzuki S, Amano T, Murohara T. Impact of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. J Cardiol 2016; 69:383-388. [PMID: 27727086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between malnutrition and cardiovascular prognosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), a simple tool to assess nutritional risk, and long-term outcomes after elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS This study consisted of 802 patients (age, 70±10 years, male, 69%) who underwent elective PCI. GNRI was calculated at baseline as follows: GNRI=[14.89×serum albumin (g/dl)+[41.7×(body weight/body weight at body mass index of 22)]]. Patients were then divided into three groups as previously reported: GNRI <92, 92 to ≤98, and >98. The endpoint of this study was the composite of cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 1568 days, 56 cardiac events occurred. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 4-year event-free rates were found to be 79% for GNRI <92, 90% for GNRI 92 to ≤98, and 97% for GNRI >98 (log-rank test p<0.001). GNRI <92 and GNRI 92 to ≤98 showed 6.76-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.13-14.56, p<0.001] and 3.03-fold (HR 3.03, 95%CI 1.36-6.78, p=0.007) increase in the incidences of cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction compared with GNRI >98 after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSION GNRI significantly associated with cardiac events after elective PCI. Further studies should be performed to establish appropriate therapeutic strategies for this vulnerable patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kunimura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Uetani
- Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshijirou Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hirayama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Negishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Sumi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawashima
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tatami
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kawamiya
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Dai Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Amano
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi-Medical University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Nutrition, vitamin D, and health outcomes in hemodialysis: time for a feeding frenzy? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2016; 24:546-56. [PMID: 26418058 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of nutrition and nutritional supplementation in dialysis recently has been reinvigorated, with small clinical trials exploring surrogate outcomes and larger epidemiologic studies generating treatment hypotheses requiring further study. The present review focuses on major aspects of nutrition and outcomes in hemodialysis patients: protein and calorie intake and nutritional vitamin D supplementation. RECENT FINDINGS Building on data from small studies, two large, quasi-experimental cohort studies showed significant mortality benefits associated with oral nutritional supplements provided during dialysis, suggesting potential options for ameliorating the protein-energy wasting that is common in dialysis patients and associated with poor outcomes. Multiple cohort studies suggest, both in the general population and in dialysis, that higher 25(OH) vitamin D levels are associated with improved outcomes; however, no major mortality trials exist in dialysis, and the smaller, surrogate studies conducted to date have been disappointing, showing no consistent benefits in surrogate outcomes including inflammation and anemia, despite appropriate responses of vitamin D levels to repletion. SUMMARY Nutritional interventions are attractive options for improving outcomes in dialysis patients. Nutritional protein supplements have considerable promise, but require further study, preferably in a large, generalizable pragmatic trial. Small nutritional vitamin D supplementation trials in dialysis have had disappointing results. In the absence of new data, there appears to be no role for routine assessment or repletion of 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in dialysis.
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Ausavarungnirun R, Wisetsin S, Rongkiettechakorn N, Chaichalermsak S, Udompol U, Rattanasompattikul M. Association of dental and periodontal disease with chronic kidney disease in patients of a single, tertiary care centre in Thailand. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011836. [PMID: 27466240 PMCID: PMC4964184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown an association between oral diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and regular oral care may be an important strategy for reducing the burden of CKD. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the association between dental and periodontal diseases in Thai patients with various stages of CKD. METHODS This was designed as a cross-sectional study and was performed between 2011 and 2012. The inclusion criteria were age >20 years and a diagnosis of CKD for at least 90 days. Data from medical records were collected, clinical oral examination was performed, and data were statistically analysed. RESULTS A total of 129 patients with different stages of CKD were included. Ninety-eight (76%) were men. The age range was 30-86 years. The Decay, Missing and Filling Tooth Index and the number of missing teeth were higher in the group with moderate CKD than in the control group (21 vs 17.5, p=0.045, 13 vs 8 p=0.01, respectively). Serum albumin levels decreased when estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was in decline (γ=0.33; p=0.002). Severe periodontitis was significantly higher in the 'more severe CKD group' (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) than in the 'less severe CKD group' (eGFR 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m(2); 24% vs 9%, p=0.03). Severe periodontitis, eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and brushing teeth more than once a day were associated with hypoalbuminaemia (defined as <3.8 g/dL) (OR (95% CI) 5.88 (1.64 to 21.11), 5.80 (1.58 to 21.35) and 0.16 (0.05 to 0.60), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Severe periodontal diseases were more prevalent in patients with more severe CKD than in those with less severe CKD. The novel association of serum albumin levels with periodontal status was demonstrated in progressive stages of CKD. Dental intervention may be beneficial from the early stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ausavarungnirun
- Medicine Division, Medical Department, Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - S Wisetsin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Rongkiettechakorn
- Medicine Division, Medical Department, Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - S Chaichalermsak
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - U Udompol
- Medicine Department, Saraburi Hospital, Muang, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - M Rattanasompattikul
- Medicine Division, Medical Department, Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Kalantar-Zadeh K, Moore LW, Tortorici AR, Chou JA, St-Jules DE, Aoun A, Rojas-Bautista V, Tschida AK, Rhee CM, Shah AA, Crowley S, Vassalotti JA, Kovesdy CP. North American experience with Low protein diet for Non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:90. [PMID: 27435088 PMCID: PMC4952055 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas in many parts of the world a low protein diet (LPD, 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day) is routinely prescribed for the management of patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD), this practice is infrequent in North America. The historical underpinnings related to LPD in the USA including the non-conclusive results of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study may have played a role. Overall trends to initiate dialysis earlier in the course of CKD in the US allowed less time for LPD prescription. The usual dietary intake in the US includes high dietary protein content, which is in sharp contradistinction to that of a LPD. The fear of engendering or worsening protein-energy wasting may be an important handicap as suggested by a pilot survey of US nephrologists; nevertheless, there is also potential interest and enthusiasm in gaining further insight regarding LPD’s utility in both research and in practice. Racial/ethnic disparities in the US and patients’ adherence are additional challenges. Adherence should be monitored by well-trained dietitians by means of both dietary assessment techniques and 24-h urine collections to estimate dietary protein intake using urinary urea nitrogen (UUN). While keto-analogues are not currently available in the USA, there are other oral nutritional supplements for the provision of high-biologic-value proteins along with dietary energy intake of 30–35 Cal/kg/day available. Different treatment strategies related to dietary intake may help circumvent the protein- energy wasting apprehension and offer novel conservative approaches for CKD management in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA. .,Long Beach Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA. .,Department Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA.
| | | | - Amanda R Tortorici
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA
| | - Jason A Chou
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA.,Long Beach Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - David E St-Jules
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arianna Aoun
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vanessa Rojas-Bautista
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA
| | | | - Connie M Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA, 92868-3217, USA.,Long Beach Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Anuja A Shah
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Susan Crowley
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph A Vassalotti
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,National Kidney Foundation, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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63
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Zhang K, Gao J, Chen J, Liu X, Cai Q, Liu P, Huang H. MICS, an easily ignored contributor to arterial calcification in CKD patients. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F663-F670. [PMID: 27335374 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00189.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), simultaneous mineral and skeleton changes are prevalent, known as CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Arterial calcification (AC) is a clinically important complication of CKD-MBD. It can increase arterial stiffness, which leads to severe cardiovascular events. However, current treatments have little effect on regression of AC, as its mechanisms are still unclear. There are multiple risk factors of AC, among which Malnutrition-Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) is a new and crucial one. MICS, a combined syndrome of malnutrition and inflammation, generally begins at the early stage of CKD and becomes obvious in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It was linked to reverse epidemiology and associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Recent data suggest that MICS can trigger CKD-MBD and accelerate the course of AC. In this present review, we summarize the recent understanding about the aggravating effects of MICS on AC and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. A series of findings indicate that targeting MICS will provide a potential strategy for treating AC in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China;
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64
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Jia P, Jin W, Teng J, Zhang H, Zou J, Liu Z, Shen B, Cao X, Ding X. Acute Effects of Hemodiafiltration Versus Conventional Hemodialysis on Endothelial Function and Inflammation: A Randomized Crossover Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3440. [PMID: 27100440 PMCID: PMC4845844 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammatory process are prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and short-term effects of online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) versus conventional HD on endothelial function and inflammation. A prospective, randomized, crossover trial. Twenty stable ESRD patients undergoing chronic HD treatments were randomly assigned with a 1:1 ratio to conventional HD and to OL-HDF both for 2 weeks (either HD followed by OL-HDF or OL-HDF followed by HD). Markers of endothelial dysfunction such as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR), and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) were measured at baseline, after the first dialysis session and after 2 weeks. Meanwhile, serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were measured as well. Both a single OL-HDF session and 2-week OL-HDF significantly improved brachial FMD% (18.7 ± 6.9% at baseline; 21.5 ± 5.4% after the first dialysis; 21.5 ± 5.7% after 2 weeks; P < 0.05 vs baseline), decreased the levels of sEPCR (from 394.4 [297.9-457.0] ng/ml at baseline to 234.7 [174.1-345.5] ng/ml after the first dialysis, and to 191.5 [138.2-255.0] ng/ml after 2 weeks; P < 0.01 vs baseline) and sTM. In contrast, HD did not change FMD%, even increased the levels of sEPCR and sTM. A reduction in IL-6 level was observed in OL-HDF patients after 2-week dialysis, while IL-6 did not change in HD patients. There was no significant difference in change of hs-CRP level between the OL-HDF and HD treatments. OL-HDF has both acute and short-term beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction compared to conventional HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jia
- From the Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (PJ, WJ, JT, HZ, JZ, ZL, BS, XC, XD), Kidney and Dialysis Institute of Shanghai (PJ, XD), Kidney and Blood Purification Laboratory of Shanghai (PJ, XD), and Division of Nephrology, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai, China (WJ)
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65
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Wu X, Yang X, Liu X, Yi C, Guo Q, Feng X, Mao H, Huang F, Yu X. Patient Survival and Technique Failure in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Prior Stroke. Perit Dial Int 2015; 36:308-14. [PMID: 26634563 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ♦ BACKGROUND To investigate patient survival and technical failure of patients with prior stroke receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Southern China. ♦ METHODS This was a retrospective study. All subjects were recruited from the peritoneal dialysis center in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. All eligible patients were assigned to stroke group and non-stroke group according to a history of stroke before receiving CAPD. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and death-censored technical failure. Cox regression was used to estimate risk factors of all-cause mortality and death-censored technique failure. ♦ RESULTS Of the 1,068 recruited patients, 75 (7.0%) patients had a previous history of stroke. The all-cause mortality and death-censored technique failure were significantly higher in the stroke group compared with the non-stroke group, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59 - 4.46 and OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.19 - 5.34). Older age (changed by 10 years, hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% CI 1.07 - 3.38), lower body mass index (BMI 18.5 - 23.9 vs < 18.5 kg/m(2) reference, HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.55) and time to the first episode of peritonitis (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 - 0.96) were independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with prior stroke. In addition, time to the first episode of peritonitis was associated with decreased risk of death-censored technique failure (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 - 0.99) in those with prior stroke. ♦ CONCLUSIONS Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with prior stroke had high rates of all-cause mortality and technique failure compared with those without prior stroke. Older age, lower BMI, and time to the first episode of peritonitis were independent risk factors of all-cause mortality in patients with prior stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunying Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, and Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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66
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Vascular access modifies the protective effect of obesity on survival in hemodialysis patients. Surgery 2015; 158:1628-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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67
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Body Mass Index, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Mortality in Chinese with Coronary Artery Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135713. [PMID: 26280165 PMCID: PMC4539189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate single and joint associations of body mass index (BMI) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with death. METHODS The study included 1871 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients aged 40-85 year-old recruited from 2008 to 2011. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association of BMI and hsCRP with mortality. The data was analyzed in 2014. RESULTS During 3.1 years follow-up, 141 deaths were recorded, 110 died of cardiovascular disease (CVD). After adjustment of major CVD risk factors, there was a J-shaped association between BMI and all-cause and CVD mortality, and a positive association between hsCRP and mortality. The J-shaped association of BMI with mortality was present among patients who never smoked or with elevated hsCRP (≥3.0 mg/L). Compared with overweight (BMI 24-27.9 kg/m2) patients with normal hsCRP (<3.0 mg/L), obese patients (BMI≥28 kg/m2) with elevated hsCRP had a 3.41-fold risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI 1.49-7.80) and a 3.50-fold risk of CVD mortality (1.40-8.75), lean patients (BMI<24 kg/m2) with elevated hsCRP concentration had a 2.54-fold risk of all-cause mortality (1.36-4.74) and a 2.36-fold risk of CVD mortality (1.19-4.70). CONCLUSIONS The association pattern between baseline BMI and mortality changed among different baseline hsCRP concentrations, indicating that low-grade inflammation may be related to BMI and secondary prognosis of CAD.
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68
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Kovesdy CP. Malnutrition in Dialysis Patients--The Need for Intervention Despite Uncertain Benefits. Semin Dial 2015; 29:28-34. [PMID: 26190025 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We are in the midst of an epidemic of overnutrition which has resulted in a widespread increase in obesity rates in modern societies. Yet for patients suffering from serious chronic illnesses such as end stage renal disease (ESRD), malnutrition (encompassing both inadequate quantity and quality of nutrient intake) represents a far more significant danger. Protein-energy wasting has been identified as one of the strongest risk factor for adverse outcomes in ESRD patients, and modeling studies have suggested that improving nutrition could result in substantial lowering of mortality rates and other benefits. To date there is ample evidence that various interventions can have a positive impact on the nutritional status of ESRD patients, yet we still lack randomized controlled clinical trials showing that the same interventions could indeed lead to better survival or other clinical benefits. This knowledge gap, which is all too common for clinical problems encountered in nephrology, should not act as a deterrent, but it should rather incentivize us to continue exploring novel interventions aimed at improving malnutrition in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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69
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Kaya T, Acar BA, Sipahi S, Cinemre H, Acar T, Varım C, Tamer A. Relationships Between Malnutrition, Inflammation, Sleep Quality, and Restless Legs Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients. Ther Apher Dial 2015; 19:497-502. [PMID: 26031339 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic sensorimotor disorder. It is also seen in hemodialysis patients in whom the mechanism is not thoroughly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), sleep quality, and RLS in chronic hemodialysis patients. This cross-sectional study included 232 adult stable chronic hemodialysis patients (mean age 60.9 ± 14.1 years, 56.5% male). RLS frequency, MIS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), laboratory data of patients as well as severity of RLS were evaluated. Thirty-seven patients (15.9%) were diagnosed with RLS. Mean MIS of patients with or without RLS were similar. PSQI of patients with RLS was significantly higher than patients without RLS (P = 0.002). There was a significant positive correlation between RLS severity and PSQI (r = 0.445, P = 0.006). A significant positive correlation was also found between PSQI and MIS in patients with RLS (r = 0.419, P = 0.010). RLS severity was positively correlated with some inflammatory parameters such as white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (r = 0.427, P = 0.008 and r = 0.418 P = 0.010). PSQI was found as an independent significant predictor of RLS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15 (1.06-1.25), P = 0.001) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Our study revealed that there was no significant relationship between RLS and MIS in chronic hemodialysis patients. However, RLS severity is correlated with inflammatory parameters. Also, sleep quality in chronic hemodialysis patients with RLS is negatively associated with MIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezcan Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Savaş Sipahi
- Department of Nephrology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Cinemre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Türkan Acar
- Department of Neurology, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Varım
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ali Tamer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
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Guedes-Marques M, Romãozinho C, Santos L, Macário F, Alves R, Mota A. Kidney Transplantation: Which Variables Should Be Improved? Transplant Proc 2015; 47:914-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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71
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Zaza G, Rugiu C, Trubian A, Granata S, Poli A, Lupo A. How has peritoneal dialysis changed over the last 30 years: experience of the Verona dialysis center. BMC Nephrol 2015; 16:53. [PMID: 25885318 PMCID: PMC4404116 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The last decade has witnessed considerable improvement in dialysis technology and changes in clinical management of patients in peritoneal dialysis (PD) with a significant impact on long term clinical outcomes. However, the identification of factors involved in this process is still not complete. Methods Therefore, to assess this objective, we retrospectively analyzed clinical records of 260 adult patients who started PD treatment from 1983 to 2012 in our renal unit. For the analysis, we divided them into three groups according to the time of starting dialysis: GROUP A (n: 62, 1983–1992), GROUP B (n: 66, 1993–2002) and GROUP C (n: 132, 2003 to 2012). Results Statistical analysis revealed that patients included in the GROUP C showed a reduction in mean patients’ age (p = 0.03), smoking habit (p = 0.001), mean systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001) and an increment in hemoglobin levels (p < 0.0001) and residual diuresis (p = 0.016) compared to the other two study groups. Additionally, patients included in GROUP C, mainly treated with automated peritoneal dialysis, showed a reduced risk of all-causes mortality and a decreased risk to develop acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease. Patients’ age, diabetes mellitus and smoking habit were all positively associated with a significant increased risk of mortality in our PD patients, while serum albumin levels and residual diuresis were negatively correlated. Conclusions Therefore, the present study, revealed that in the last decade there has been a growth of our PD program with a concomitant modification of our patients’ characteristics. These changes, together with the evident technical advances, have caused a significant improvement of patients’ survival and a decrement of the rate of hospitalization. Moreover, it reveals that our pre-dialysis care, modifying the above-mentioned factors, has been a major cause of these clinical improvements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0051-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy.
| | - Carlo Rugiu
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Trubian
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy.
| | - Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy.
| | - Albino Poli
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, VR, Italy.
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Panichi V, Scatena A, Rosati A, Giusti R, Ferro G, Malagnino E, Capitanini A, Piluso A, Conti P, Bernabini G, Migliori M, Caiani D, Tetta C, Casani A, Betti G, Pizzarelli F. High-volume online haemodiafiltration improves erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) resistance in comparison with low-flux bicarbonate dialysis: results of the REDERT study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:682-689. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Rhee CM, Kim S, Gillen DL, Oztan T, Wang J, Mehrotra R, Kuttykrishnan S, Nguyen DV, Brunelli SM, Kovesdy CP, Brent GA, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Association of thyroid functional disease with mortality in a national cohort of incident hemodialysis patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:1386-95. [PMID: 25632971 PMCID: PMC4399303 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypothyroidism is a common condition that disproportionately affects hemodialysis patients. In the general population, hypothyroidism is associated with higher mortality, particularly in populations with underlying cardiovascular risk. Despite their heightened cardiovascular mortality, the impact of hypothyroidism on the survival of hemodialysis patients remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE To examine whether hypothyroidism is independently associated with higher mortality in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Among 8840 incident hemodialysis patients receiving care from a large national dialysis provider from January 2007 to December 2011, we examined the association of hypothyroidism (TSH >5.0 mIU/L) with mortality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between baseline and time-dependent hypothyroidism with all-cause mortality were determined using case-mix adjusted Cox models. In secondary analyses, we examined the impact of low-normal, upper-normal, subclinical range, and overt range TSH levels (TSH ≥ 0.5-3.0, >3.0-5.0, >5.0-10.0, and >10.0 mIU/L, respectively) on mortality risk. RESULTS The study population consisted of 1928 (22%) hypothyroid and 6912 (78%) euthyroid patients. Baseline and time-dependent hypothyroidism were associated with higher mortality: adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.47 (1.34-1.61) and 1.62 (1.45-1.80), respectively. Compared to low-normal TSH, upper-normal, subclinical hypothyroid, and overt hypothyroid TSH levels were associated with incrementally higher adjusted death risk in baseline and time-dependent analyses. In time-dependent analyses, the hypothyroidism-mortality association was increasingly stronger across higher body mass index strata. CONCLUSIONS Hypothyroidism as well as upper-normal TSH levels are associated with higher mortality in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether restoration of TSH to low-normal levels with thyroid hormone replacement therapy ameliorates adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Rhee
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology (C.M.R., K.K.-Z.), Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (C.M.R., K.K.-Z.), Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance, California 90502; Department of Statistics (S.K., D.L.G., T.O., J.W.), University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California 92697; Division of Nephrology (R.M., S.K.), Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104; Division of General Internal Medicine (D.V.N.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California 92868; DaVita Clinical Research (S.M.B.), Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404; Nephrology Section (C.P.K.), Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104; Division of Nephrology (C.P.K.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; and Division of Endocrinology (G.A.B.), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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74
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Tynkevich E, Flamant M, Haymann JP, Metzger M, Thervet E, Boffa JJ, Vrtovsnik F, Houillier P, Froissart M, Stengel B. Decrease in urinary creatinine excretion in early stage chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111949. [PMID: 25401694 PMCID: PMC4234219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about muscle mass loss in early stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). We used 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion rate to assess determinants of muscle mass and its evolution with kidney function decline. We also described the range of urinary creatinine concentration in this population. Methods We included 1072 men and 537 women with non-dialysis CKD stages 1 to 5, all of them with repeated measurements of glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) by 51Cr-EDTA renal clearance and several nutritional markers. In those with stage 1 to 4 at baseline, we used a mixed model to study factors associated with urinary creatinine excretion rate and its change over time. Results Baseline mean urinary creatinine excretion decreased from 15.3±3.1 to 12.1±3.3 mmol/24 h (0.20±0.03 to 0.15±0.04 mmol/kg/24 h) in men, with mGFR falling from ≥60 to <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, and from 9.6±1.9 to 7.6±2.5 (0.16±0.03 to 0.12±0.03) in women. In addition to mGFR, an older age, diabetes, and lower levels of body mass index, proteinuria, and protein intake assessed by urinary urea were associated with lower mean urinary creatinine excretion at baseline. Mean annual decline in mGFR was 1.53±0.12 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year and that of urinary creatinine excretion rate, 0.28±0.02 mmol/24 h per year. Patients with fast annual decline in mGFR of 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a decrease in urinary creatinine excretion more than twice as big as in those with stable mGFR, independent of changes in urinary urea as well as of other determinants of low muscle mass. Conclusions Decrease in 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion rate may appear early in CKD patients, and is greater the more mGFR declines independent of lowering protein intake assessed by 24-hour urinary urea. Normalizing urine analytes for creatininuria may overestimate their concentration in patients with reduced kidney function and low muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tynkevich
- CESP, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Flamant
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Department of Physiology, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Physiology, Paris, France
- INSERM UNIT 702, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS 702, Paris, France
| | - Marie Metzger
- CESP, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Thervet
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Nephrology, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, DHU Common and Rare Arterial Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- INSERM UNIT 702, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMRS 702, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Department of Nephrology, Paris, France
| | | | - Pascal Houillier
- University Paris Descartes-Paris 5, UMRS 775, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Physiology, Paris, France
| | - Marc Froissart
- CESP, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Bénédicte Stengel
- CESP, Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM Unit 1018, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud 11, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
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75
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Huang WH, Chen CY, Lin JL, Lin-Tan DT, Hsu CW, Yen TH. High body mass index reduces glomerular filtration rate decline in type II diabetes mellitus patients with stage 3 or 4 chronic kidney disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e41. [PMID: 25101985 PMCID: PMC4602448 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether high body mass index (BMI) has an effect on progressive diabetic nephropathy in type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 or 4 remains unclear. This prospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and progression of renal function deterioration in type II DM patients with CKD stage 3 or 4.A total of 105 type II DM patients with CKD stage 3 or 4 participated in this 24-month prospective observational study. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to BMI as follows: normal group, BMI of 18.5-22.9 kg/m; overweight group, BMI of 23-24.9 kg/m; and obese group, BMI of ≥25 kg/m. The primary end point was a 2-fold elevation in serum creatinine levels (measured twice with a 1-month interval) from baseline values, need for long-term dialysis, or death during the 24-month observation period.In the linear regression analysis with the stepwise method, each 1 kg/m increase in BMI led to an increase of 0.32 mL min × 1.73 m in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.01-0.62; P = 0.04) during the 24-month study period. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the obese group, the normal BMI group (hazard ratio = 2.76, 95% CI : 1.27-6; P = 0.01) achieved the primary outcome after adjusting for other factors.In this 24-month prospective observational study, we showed that BMI of ≥25 kg/m was a protective factor for renal function deterioration in type II DM patients with CKD stage 3 or 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Huang
- Department of Nephrology and Division of Clinical Toxicology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center (WHH, CYC, JLL, DTLT, CWH, THY); and Chang Gung University and School of Medicine (WHH, CYC, JLL, DTLT, CWH, THY), Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC)
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76
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Assa S, Hummel YM, Voors AA, Kuipers J, Westerhuis R, Groen H, Bakker SJ, Muller Kobold AC, van Oeveren W, Struck J, de Jong PE, Franssen CF. Hemodialysis-Induced Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Inflammation: A Cross-sectional Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64:265-73. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Takahashi H, Ito Y, Ishii H, Aoyama T, Kamoi D, Kasuga H, Yasuda K, Maruyama S, Matsuo S, Murohara T, Yuzawa Y. Geriatric nutritional risk index accurately predicts cardiovascular mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. J Cardiol 2014; 64:32-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Comparison of novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease between hemodialysis patients with and without protein-energy wasting. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:2015-20. [PMID: 24906424 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to compare novel risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) between hemodialysis (HD) patients with or without protein-energy wasting (PEW) for determining novel risk factors for CVD in HD patients with PEW. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 291 HD patients were randomly selected from among 2,302 adult HD patients in Tehran hemodialysis centers. The presence of PEW in HD patients was determined by subjective global assessment. In addition, 4 mL blood was obtained before dialysis and analyzed for serum concentrations of novel risk factors for CVD, including C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (sVCAM-1), sE-selectin, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 and lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)]. RESULTS Serum CRP and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in HD patients with PEW as compared to those without PEW (P < 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences in serum sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, MDA, NO, endothelin-1 and Lp (a) between the two groups. Serum CRP and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in HD patients with PEW type IIa and IIb than in those with PEW type I (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The present study indicates that serum CRP and sICAM-1, as two CVD risk factors, increase in HD patients with PEW as compared to those without PEW and these increases occur in HD patients with PEW type IIa and IIb who have inflammation.
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79
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Pesce M, Felaco P, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Grilli A, De Lutiis MA, Ferrone A, Sirolli V, Bonomini M, Felaco M, Patruno A. Effect of erythropoietin on primed leucocyte expression profile. Open Biol 2014; 4:140026. [PMID: 24920275 PMCID: PMC4077059 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to erythropoietin (EPO) affects a significant number of anaemic patients with end-stage renal disease. Previous reports suggest that inflammation is one of the major independent predictors of EPO resistance, and the effects of EPO treatment on inflammatory mediators are not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate EPO-induced modification to gene expression in primary cultured leucocytes. Microarray experiments were performed on primed ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and treated with human EPO-α. Data suggested that EPO-α modulated genes involved in cell movement and interaction in primed PBMCs. Of note, EPO-α exerts anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and its receptor CXCR2; by contrast, EPO-α increases expression of genes relating to promotion of inflammation encoding for IL-1β and CCL8, and induces de novo synthesis of IL-1α, CXCL1 and CXCL5 in primed cells. The reduction in MAPK p38-α activity is involved in modulating both IL-1β and IL-8 expression. Unlike the induction of MAPK, Erk1/2 activity leads to upregulation of IL-1β, but does not affect IL-8 expression and release. Furthermore, EPO-α treatment of primed cells induces the activation of caspase-1 upstream higher secretion of IL-1β, and this process is not dependent on caspase-8 activation. In conclusion, our findings highlight new potential molecules involved in EPO resistance and confirm the anti-inflammatory role for EPO, but also suggest a plausible in vivo scenario in which the positive correlation found between EPO resistance and elevated levels of some pro-inflammatory mediators is due to treatment with EPO itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Anna De Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sirolli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University 'G. D'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
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Campbell R, Augustine T, Hurst H, Pararajasingam R, van Dellen D, Armstrong S, Bartley C, Birtles L, Summers A. Anthropometrics Identify Wasting in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis. Perit Dial Int 2014; 35:471-80. [PMID: 24584612 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2013.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ♦ INTRODUCTION Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis in which gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms reduce appetite and dietary intake. Adequate nutrition is important, especially if surgery is required. Although the incidence of EPS is low, the present report is able to detail preoperative nutrition status and treatment in a large cohort of patients from a national EPS referral center. ♦ METHODS Of 51 patients admitted to this EPS specialist center hospital for their first peritonectomy in the study period, 50 had a preoperative dietetic assessment, and 49 underwent upper-arm anthropometry. ♦ RESULTS Mean body mass index (BMI) was 20.6 kg/m(2). Mean weight loss was 14% of body weight in the preceding 6 months, with 35 of 50 patients losing more than 10%. On anthropometry, 25 of 49 patients were below the 5th percentile for mid-arm circumference (MAC), 17 of 49 were below for triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and 21 of 49 were below for mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC). Mean handgrip strength (HGS) was 60% of normal, with 43 of 49 patients being below 85% of normal. Appetite was poor in 21 of 50 patients, and 37 of 50 had upper and 40 of 50 had lower GI symptoms. By subjective global assessment, 27 of 51 patients were graded as severely malnourished, and 5 of 51, as well-nourished. Mean serum albumin was 28 g/L and did not correlate with BMI, MAC, TSF, MAMC, or HGS. In most patients, C-reactive protein was elevated (mean: 111 mg/L). Preoperative parenteral nutrition was given to 46 of 51 patients for a mean of 21 days. ♦ DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate the poor nutrition status of patients admitted for EPS surgical intervention. Anthropometrics reveal depleted fat and lean body mass in EPS patients, which might be a result of anorexia and inflammation, and the reason that albumin was not an accurate marker of nutrition. Poor nutrition status is likely to negatively affect outcome in this patient group. ♦ CONCLUSIONS Early recognition of GI symptoms may herald a diagnosis of EPS. Optimization of preoperative nutrition status with intensive nutrition support is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Campbell
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Titus Augustine
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Hurst
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ravi Pararajasingam
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David van Dellen
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sheilagh Armstrong
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Carol Bartley
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Linda Birtles
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Summers
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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81
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Lee CT, Huang CC, Hsu CY, Chiou TTY, Ng HY, Wu CH, Kuo WH, Lee YT. Calcification of the aortic arch predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. Cardiorenal Med 2014; 4:34-42. [PMID: 24847332 DOI: 10.1159/000360230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular calcification represents a marker of cardiovascular risk in chronic dialysis patients. In the general population, aortic arch calcification (AAC) can predict cardiovascular mortality. We conducted a prospective study to investigate factors associated with AAC in hemodialysis patients and examined its prognostic value in long-term outcome. METHODS A total of 712 hemodialysis patients were enrolled. AAC was identified on postero-anterior chest X-ray films and classified as grade (Gr.) 0, 1, 2 or 3. Demographic data including age, gender, dialysis vintage, co-morbidity and biochemical data were reviewed and recorded. The patients were followed for 10 years. RESULTS AAC was present in 164 patients (23%) as Gr. 1, in 116 patients (16.3%) as Gr. 2 and in 126 patients (17.7%) as Gr. 3. An increase in the severity of calcification was associated with older patients who had lower albumin, higher calcium and glucose levels. During the follow-up period of 10 years, we found that the grade of AAC was directly related to cardiovascular mortality (Gr. 0: 5.3%; Gr. 1: 12.7%; Gr. 2: 18.9%, and Gr. 3: 24.4%; p < 0.05) and all-cause mortality (Gr. 0: 19.9%; Gr. 1: 31.1%; Gr. 2: 44.8%, and Gr. 3: 53.2%; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that high-grade calcification was associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Patients with AAC were associated with a worse outcome in survival analysis. The severity of AAC also influenced their survival. CONCLUSION Calcification of the aortic arch detected in plain chest radiography was an important determinant of cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. The presence and severity of AAC predicted long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiang-Chi Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Terry Ting-Yu Chiou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwee-Yeong Ng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hsing Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Hung Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yueh-Ting Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, ROC ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan, ROC
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Body mass index and mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:623-31. [PMID: 24504687 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-014-0653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), increasing numbers of studies have reported a reduced mortality in patients with an increased body mass index (BMI). This article provides a meta-analysis on the assessment of the relationship between BMI and mortality in MHD patients. METHODS A systemic literature review was conducted to identify studies that examined all-cause mortality, with or without cardiovascular events, on the basis of bodyweight or obesity measures in MHD population published before October 2012. RESULTS Eight observational studies with a total of 190,163 patients were included. Compared to the individuals with a normal BMI, overweight patients and obese patients were associated with lower all-cause mortality [relative risk (RR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.88; RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.75-0.78, respectively] and cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.81-0.91; RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.83, respectively). Underweight patients had relatively higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.20-1.25; RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.28, respectively). In an obesity-stratified analysis, the patients with moderate or severe obesity presented a strongly decreased all-cause mortality risk (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.61-0.68) and cardiovascular mortality risk (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.53-0.75) compared to patients with mild obesity (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.77; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.87, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings show that overweight and obese patients have lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates in patients undergoing MHD. Body weight management and optimized nutritional and metabolic support should help to reduce the high mortality rates that are prevalent in the hemodialysis population.
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Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Ladik V, Meyer KB, Zager PG, Johnson DS. Oral Intradialytic Nutritional Supplement Use and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 63:276-85. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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As’habi A, Tabibi H, Nozary-Heshmati B, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Hedayati M. Comparison of various scoring methods for the diagnosis of protein–energy wasting in hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2014; 46:999-1004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jackson CL, Yeh HC, Szklo M, Hu FB, Wang NY, Dray-Spira R, Brancati FL. Body-Mass Index and All-Cause Mortality in US Adults With and Without Diabetes. J Gen Intern Med 2014; 29:25-33. [PMID: 23929218 PMCID: PMC3889975 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-013-2553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies found normal weight compared to overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes had a higher mortality risk, and body-mass index (BMI)-mortality studies do not typically account for baseline diabetes status. OBJECTIVE To determine if diabetes influences the BMI-mortality relationship. DESIGN Using a prospective study design, we analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of US adults participating in the National Health Interview Survey from 1997 to 2002, and followed for mortality through 2006. PARTICIPANTS Excluding those with heart disease or cancer, our final analytic sample included 74,710 (34,805 never smoker) adults. MAIN MEASURES BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight. Diabetes status was based on self-reported diagnosis from a health professional. We used direct age standardization to calculate all-cause mortality rates and adjusted Cox models for all-cause mortality hazard ratios by BMI quintile; this was done separately for adults with diabetes and without diabetes. KEY RESULTS Among never smokers, mean age was 50.1 years and 43 % were men. Mean BMI was 27.4 kg/m(2), 26 % were obese, and 2,035 (5 %) reported diagnosed diabetes. After 9 years, there were 4,355 deaths (754 of 4,740 with diabetes; 3,601 of 69,970 without) among 74,710 participants, and 1,238 (247 of 2,035 with diabetes; 991 of 32,770 without) among 34,805 never smokers. We observed a qualitative interaction with diabetes on the BMI-mortality relationship (p = 0.002). Death rates were substantially higher among participants with diabetes compared to those without diabetes across all BMI quintiles. However, death rates in participants with diabetes fell with increasing BMI quintile, while rates followed a J-shaped curve among those without diabetes. In adjusted Cox models, BMI was positively associated with mortality in adults without diabetes, but inversely associated with mortality among participants with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Mortality increased with increasing BMI in adults without diabetes, but decreased with increasing BMI among their counterparts with diabetes. Future studies need to be better designed to answer the question of whether normal weight adults with diabetes have a higher risk of mortality, by minimizing the possibility of reverse causation. Future studies should also account for prevalent diabetes in all investigations of the BMI-mortality relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra L Jackson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,
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The impact of pretransplantation serum albumin levels on long-term renal graft outcomes. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1379-82. [PMID: 23726577 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between pretransplantation serum albumin concentrations and renal graft outcomes is unclear. Hypoalbuminemia is a strong predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in chronic renal disease. Protein-energy wasting in dialysis patients is associated with irreversible damage and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. In this retrospective study, we investigated the association between preoperative albumin levels and short-term as well as long-term renal graft outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 375 renal transplant recipients in our center between 1991 to 2011, who were grouped according to their preoperative serum albumin levels: group I (<3.5 g/dL), group II (3.5-3.9 g/dL), group III (4.0-4.4 g/dL), and group IV (≥ 4.5 g/dL). We measured the frequencies of delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection episodes, and viral infections as well as the long-term graft outcomes. RESULT DGF affected 12.8%, 6.8%, 7.7%, and 9.3% of patients in groups I-IV, respectively. Acute rejection occurred in 27.7%, 27.2%, 31.6%, and 24.1%, while cytomegalovirus (CMV) and fungal infection occurred in 12.8% (6.4%), 23.3% (5.8%), 16.2% (2.6%), and 11.1% (5.6%) of patients, respectively. Serum creatinine levels at 12 months were not significantly different among the groups. Long-term graft survival was poorest in group I and best in group IV (P = .039). A Cox proportional hazards model showed group IV compared with group displayed the lowest relative risk of graft failure (hazard ratio [HR] = .536; P = .029). CONCLUSIONS Low pretransplantation serum albumin levels were associated with poor long-term graft outcomes and with more post-transplantation complications. It may be necessary to focus on improving patients' nutritional status prior to transplantation to ensure long-term renal graft survival.
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Rattanasompattikul M, Molnar MZ, Lee ML, Dukkipati R, Bross R, Jing J, Kim Y, Voss AC, Benner D, Feroze U, Macdougall IC, Tayek JA, Norris KC, Kopple JD, Unruh M, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Nutrition in Hypoalbuminemic Dialysis Patients (AIONID) study: results of the pilot-feasibility, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2013; 4:247-57. [PMID: 24052226 PMCID: PMC3830006 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-013-0115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low serum albumin is common and associated with protein-energy wasting, inflammation, and poor outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. We hypothesized that in-center (in dialysis clinic) provision of high-protein oral nutrition supplements (ONS) tailored for MHD patients combined with anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory ingredients with or without an anti-inflammatory appetite stimulator (pentoxifylline, PTX) is well tolerated and can improve serum albumin concentration. METHODS Between January 2008 and June 2010, 84 adult hypoalbuminemic (albumin <4.0 g/dL) MHD outpatients were double-blindly randomized to receive 16 weeks of interventions including ONS, PTX, ONS with PTX, or placebos. Nutritional and inflammatory markers were compared between the four groups. RESULTS Out of 84 subjects (mean ± SD; age, 59 ± 12 years; vintage, 34 ± 34 months), 32 % were Blacks, 54 % females, and 68 % diabetics. ONS, PTX, ONS plus PTX, and placebo were associated with an average change in serum albumin of +0.21 (P = 0.004), +0.14 (P = 0.008), +0.18 (P = 0.001), and +0.03 g/dL (P = 0.59), respectively. No related serious adverse events were observed. In a predetermined intention-to-treat regression analysis modeling post-trial serum albumin as a function of pre-trial albumin and the three different interventions (ref = placebo), only ONS without PTX was associated with a significant albumin rise (+0.17 ± 0.07 g/dL, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS In this pilot-feasibility, 2 × 2 factorial, placebo-controlled trial, daily intake of a CKD-specific high-protein ONS with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative ingredients for up to 16 weeks was well tolerated and associated with slight but significant increase in serum albumin levels. Larger long-term controlled trials to examine hard outcomes are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoch Rattanasompattikul
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research & Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
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Sridhar NR, Josyula S. Hypoalbuminemia in hemodialyzed end stage renal disease patients: risk factors and relationships--a 2 year single center study. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:242. [PMID: 24499139 PMCID: PMC4029609 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition affects 1/3 of hemodialysis patients and associates with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Serum albumin is a marker of nutrition and inflammation, and predicts mortality, particularly when <3.8 g/dL. This study was performed to identify risk factors for hypoalbuminemia (<3.8 g/dL) and the particular temporal relationship and strength of association between protein intake (nPCR) and serum albumin when confounding variables are taken into account. Methods Demographic, clinical, and dialysis-related data of 57 ESRD patients on hemodialysis over 24 months in 6 temporal segments were analyzed with serum albumin as a continuous, and categorical outcome (with 3.8 g/dl as cut-off) variable , against 13 potential independent variables [4 demographic factors, 3 nutrition-related, and 5 morbidity-related parameters, and % urea reduction ratio (URR)]. The temporal relationships between albumin and nPCR were analyzed for the concurrent & 3 subsequent months in each temporal segment. Results The impact of nPCR on serum albumin (p < 0.05) was significant but with no discernible temporal relationship. Advancing age, longer vintage, female gender, diabetes mellitus, nPCR, serum phosphate and ferritin had significant correlation with albumin <3.8 g/dl (p < 0.05). Serum phosphate levels correlated positively, and fever, bacteremia, hospital stay and weight loss negatively, with mean serum albumin but did not negate the effect of nPCR. Regression analysis showed that mean albumin associated with nPCR, fever, hospital stay, bacteremia, dialysis vintage, age, sex, and diabetes mellitus; and that an albumin level of <3.8 g/dl associated with age, female sex, diabetes, lower nPCR, and higher ferritin. Conclusion Suggested target albumin levels were not met in elderly, female, and diabetic patients. The association of nPCR with albumin was not nullified by confounding demographic or morbidity-related factors. nPCR had no demonstrable temporal relationship with albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Rao Sridhar
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Buffalo General Hospital, University at Buffalo, and Buffalo Medical Group, 85 High Street, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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Fidan F, Alkan BM, Tosun A, Altunoğlu A, Ardıçoğlu Ö. Quality of life and correlation with musculoskeletal problems, hand disability and depression in patients with hemodialysis. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 19:159-66. [PMID: 24176031 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with hemodialysis using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL™) and to determine its relationships with conventional clinical measures, musculoskeletal problems, hand disability and depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in our tertiary hospital's dialysis unit. Fifty patients under hemodialysis treatment were included in the study. HRQOL, disability, pain and depression were assessed using KDQOL-36, Duruoz hand index (DHI), visual analog scale (VAS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS It was seen that all of the patients included had one or more musculoskeletal problems, the most common of which were muscle cramps, myalgias and arthralgias. Depression was the second most common accompanying disease. It was also seen that older patients had much poorer physical functioning scores, DHI scores and BDI scores than younger patients. DHI score was found to be significantly lower in men than in women. Educational level, presence of arthrosis, myalgia, bone pain, arthralgia, CTS, VAS-hand and VAS-upper extremities scales, DHI and BDI scores significantly affected both physical and mental areas of KDQOL-36, whereas age, shoulder periarthritis, mobilization scores and presence of hypertension only had effects on physical areas. CONCLUSION Physical functioning depends mainly on the age, severity of comorbid conditions, depression, locomotor findings and hand disability of hemodialysis patients. The KDQOL-36 is related to the clinical status and functional ability of hemodialysis patients and it can be used as a sensitive health status measure for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Fidan
- PMR Department, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berat Meryem Alkan
- PMR Department, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aliye Tosun
- PMR Department, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Altunoğlu
- Nephrology Department, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özge Ardıçoğlu
- PMR Department, Atatürk Educational and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Zaza G, Granata S, Masola V, Rugiu C, Fantin F, Gesualdo L, Schena FP, Lupo A. Downregulation of nuclear-encoded genes of oxidative metabolism in dialyzed chronic kidney disease patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77847. [PMID: 24204994 PMCID: PMC3810143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria, essential eukaryotic cells organelles defined as the “powerhouse of the cell” because of their ability to produce the vast majority of energy necessary for cellular metabolism, may have a primary role in the oxidative stress-related intracellular machinery associated to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods To better assess this research assumption, we decided to study the key factors regulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in CKD patients in peritoneal dialysis (PD, n = 15) using several bio-molecular methodologies. Results RT-PCR experiments demonstrate that the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), two genes primarily involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and functions, were significantly hypo-expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of PD patients compared to healthy subjects (HS, n = 15). Additionally, mRNA levels of several PGC1-α downstream target genes (TFAM, COX6C,COX7C, UQCRH and MCAD) were profoundly down-regulated in PD cells. TFAM protein analysis confirmed gene-expression results. High plasmatic concentration of Malondialdehyde found in PD patients, confirmed the contribution of the oxidative stress to these biological effects. Finally, Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2 or NFE2L2), a transcription factor for numerous antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes and one of its target genes, superoxide dismutase-2 mitochondrial (SOD2) were up-regulated in PD compared to HS. Conclusions Our results revealed, for the first time, that CKD-PD patients’ PBMC, through a complex intracellular biochemical machinery, are able to modulate their mitochondrial functions probably in the attempt to reduce oxidative metabolic damage and to turn on a valuable defense cellular strategy against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Masola
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Rugiu
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Schena
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Park J, Ahmadi SF, Streja E, Molnar MZ, Flegal KM, Gillen D, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Obesity paradox in end-stage kidney disease patients. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 56:415-25. [PMID: 24438733 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the general population, obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and decreased survival. In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), however, an "obesity paradox" or "reverse epidemiology" (to include lipid and hypertension paradoxes) has been consistently reported, i.e. a higher body mass index (BMI) is paradoxically associated with better survival. This survival advantage of large body size is relatively consistent for hemodialysis patients across racial and regional differences, although published results are mixed for peritoneal dialysis patients. Recent data indicate that both higher skeletal muscle mass and increased total body fat are protective, although there are mixed data on visceral (intra-abdominal) fat. The obesity paradox in ESRD is unlikely to be due to residual confounding alone and has biologic plausibility. Possible causes of the obesity paradox include protein-energy wasting and inflammation, time discrepancy among competitive risk factors (undernutrition versus overnutrition), hemodynamic stability, alteration of circulatory cytokines, sequestration of uremic toxin in adipose tissue, and endotoxin-lipoprotein interaction. The obesity paradox may have significant clinical implications in the management of ESRD patients especially if obese dialysis patients are forced to lose weight upon transplant wait-listing. Well-designed studies exploring the causes and consequences of the reverse epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors, including the obesity paradox, among ESRD patients could provide more information on mechanisms. These could include controlled trials of nutritional and pharmacologic interventions to examine whether gain in lean body mass or even body fat can improve survival and quality of life in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongha Park
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Division of Nephrology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyed-Foad Ahmadi
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Elani Streja
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Miklos Z Molnar
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Gillen
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA.
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Su CT, Yabes J, Pike F, Weiner DE, Beddhu S, Burrowes JD, Rocco MV, Unruh ML. Changes in anthropometry and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients in the HEMO Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62:1141-50. [PMID: 23859719 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor nutritional status has been associated with worse patient survival in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Anthropometric values are important nutritional measures, incorporating muscle and fat mass. However, the association of changes in anthropometry, including midarm circumference (MAC) and skinfold measurements, with mortality in hemodialysis patients remains unknown. Accordingly, we explored this association in the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study. STUDY DESIGN Post hoc analysis of cohort data from a clinical trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 1,846 hemodialysis patients enrolled in the HEMO Study. PREDICTORS MAC and skinfold measurements. OUTCOMES Longitudinal changes in MAC and skinfolds were jointly modeled using repeated measures and survival modeling. Time-to-event outcomes were all-cause mortality, cardiac death and hospitalization, and infection-related death. RESULTS Mean MAC was 30.1 cm, and mean baseline sum of subscapular, biceps, and triceps skinfolds was 42.4 mm. During a median follow-up of 2.5 years, there were 845 deaths. During follow-up, MAC and the skinfold measurement declined 0.26 cm and 1.1 mm per year, respectively. Declines in MAC (per cm) and skinfold (per mm) measurements were associated with higher all-cause mortality (HRs of 1.58 [95% CI, 1.29-1.94; P < 0.001] and 1.06 [95% CI, 0.99-1.13; P = 0.09], respectively), poorer cardiac outcomes (HRs of 1.49 [95% CI, 1.23-1.81; P < 0.001] and 1.05 [95% CI, 0.99-1.10; P = 0.09], respectively), and higher infection-related hospitalization (HRs of 2.45 [95% CI, 1.55-3.88; P < 0.001] and 1.16 [95% CI, 0.98-1.37; P = 0.08], respectively). The association between declining MAC and skinfold with patient survival was most notable for those with body mass index (BMI) ≤25 kg/m2 (HRs of 2.41 [95% CI, 1.81-3.19; P < 0.001] and 1.22 [95% CI, 1.10-1.35; P < 0.001], respectively). LIMITATIONS Prevalent dialysis patients only, excluding individuals weighing >85 kg. CONCLUSIONS Declines in skinfold thickness were not associated significantly with outcomes except for participants with BMI ≤25 kg/m2. Declines in MAC are associated significantly with all-cause mortality and cardiac outcomes in hemodialysis patients, most notably in those with BMI ≤25 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Su
- Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Nephrology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin branch, Taiwan
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Chen J, Peng H, Zhang K, Xiao L, Yuan Z, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang J, Huang H. The insufficiency intake of dietary micronutrients associated with malnutrition-inflammation score in hemodialysis population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66841. [PMID: 23825573 PMCID: PMC3692507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relations between dietary micronutrient, nutritional status and inflammation in hemodialysis patients are still unclear. A cross-sectional study was performed in hemodialysis population. 75 hemodialysis patients from South China participated in the dietary and nutritional assessment. Clinical and dietary data were collected. Nutritional status was assessed by Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) in addition to related anthropometric measurements. And according to the MIS score, the whole hemodialysis patients were divided into normal nutrition group and malnutrition group. The results showed that mid arm circumference (MAC) negatively correlated with MIS (r = −0.425; P = 0.002). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for MAC was 0.737 (0.614–0.859). Comparing with the normal nutritional group, lower dietary selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iodine (I) and manganese (Mn) intake were observed among patients with malnutrition (P<0.05). While no significant differences of diverse vitamins were found. In conclusion, MAC was effective indicator for assessing nutritional and inflammatory status (P<0.05). The reduction of dietary Se, Cu, I and Mn intake level may be alarming markers for malnutrition and inflammatory status in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | - Kun Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Department of Blood Purification of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhimin Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Kovesdy CP, Kopple JD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Management of protein-energy wasting in non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease: reconciling low protein intake with nutritional therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:1163-77. [PMID: 23636234 PMCID: PMC3652918 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.036418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-energy wasting (PEW), characterized by a decline in body protein mass and energy reserves, including muscle and fat wasting and visceral protein pool contraction, is an underappreciated condition in early to moderate stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. The prevalence of PEW in early to moderate CKD is ≥20-25% and increases as CKD progresses, in part because of activation of proinflammatory cytokines combined with superimposed hypercatabolic states and declines in appetite. This anorexia leads to inadequate protein and energy intake, which may be reinforced by prescribed dietary restrictions and inadequate monitoring of the patient's nutritional status. Worsening uremia also renders CKD patients vulnerable to potentially deleterious effects of uncontrolled diets, including higher phosphorus and potassium burden. Uremic metabolites, some of which are anorexigenic and many of which are products of protein metabolism, can exert harmful effects, ranging from oxidative stress to endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide disarrays, renal interstitial fibrosis, sarcopenia, and worsening proteinuria and kidney function. Given such complex pathways, nutritional interventions in CKD, when applied in concert with nonnutritional therapeutic approaches, encompass an array of strategies (such as dietary restrictions and supplementations) aimed at optimizing both patients' biochemical variables and their clinical outcomes. The applicability of many nutritional interventions and their effects on outcomes in patients with CKD with PEW has not been well studied. This article reviews the definitions and pathophysiology of PEW in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD, examines the current indications for various dietary modification strategies in patients with CKD (eg, manufactured protein-based supplements, amino acids and their keto acid or hydroxyacid analogues), discusses the rationale behind their potential use in patients with PEW, and highlights areas in need of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
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Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ikizler TA. Let them eat during dialysis: an overlooked opportunity to improve outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2013; 23:157-63. [PMID: 23313434 PMCID: PMC3632653 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with chronic kidney disease, surrogates of protein-energy wasting, including a relatively low serum albumin and fat or muscle wasting, are by far the strongest death risk factor compared with any other condition. There are data to indicate that hypoalbuminemia responds to nutritional interventions, which may save lives in the long run. Monitored, in-center provision of high-protein meals and/or oral nutritional supplements during hemodialysis is a feasible, inexpensive, and patient-friendly strategy despite concerns such as postprandial hypotension, aspiration risk, infection control and hygiene, dialysis staff burden, diabetes and phosphorus control, and financial constraints. Adjunct pharmacologic therapies can be added, including appetite stimulators (megesterol, ghrelin, and mirtazapine), anabolic hormones (testosterone and growth factors), antimyostatin agents, and antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents (pentoxiphylline and cytokine modulators), to increase efficiency of intradialytic food and oral supplementation, although adequate evidence is still lacking. If more severe hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL) not amenable to oral interventions prevails, or if a patient is not capable of enteral interventions (e.g., because of swallowing problems), then parenteral interventions such as intradialytic parenteral nutrition can be considered. Given the fact that meals and supplements during hemodialysis would require only a small fraction of the funds currently used for dialysis patients this is also an economically feasible strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Medical Center, Orange, California 92868, USA.
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Tutal E, Sezer S, Uyar M, Bal Z, Demirci B, Acar F. Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Renal Transplant Recipients in Accordance with Changes in Graft Function. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:1418-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lertdumrongluk P, Kovesdy CP, Norris KC, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Nutritional and inflammatory axis of racial survival disparities. Semin Dial 2012; 26:36-9. [PMID: 23230959 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paungpaga Lertdumrongluk
- Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
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Chan M, Kelly J, Batterham M, Tapsell L. Malnutrition (Subjective Global Assessment) Scores and Serum Albumin Levels, but not Body Mass Index Values, at Initiation of Dialysis are Independent Predictors of Mortality: A 10-Year Clinical Cohort Study. J Ren Nutr 2012; 22:547-57. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Rattanasompattikul M, Molnar MZ, Zaritsky JJ, Hatamizadeh P, Jing J, Norris KC, Kovesdy CP, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Association of malnutrition-inflammation complex and responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in long-term hemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:1936-45. [PMID: 23045431 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-energy wasting, inflammation and refractory anemia are common in long-term hemodialysis patients. A decreased responsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) is often the cause of the refractory anemia. We hypothesized that the malnutrition-inflammation complex is an independent predictor of decreased responsiveness to ESAs in hemodialysis patients. METHODS This cohort study of 754 hemodialysis patients was examined for an association between inflammatory and nutritional markers, including the malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) and responsiveness to ESA. Cubic spline models were fitted to verify found associations. RESULTS The mean (±SD) age of patients was 54 ± 15 years, 53% were diabetic and 32% blacks. MIS was worse in the highest quartile of ESAs responsiveness index (ERI, ESA dose divided by hemoglobin) when compared with 1st quartile (6.5 ± 4.5 versus 4.4 ± 3.4; P < 0.001). Both C-reactive protein (log CRP) (β = 0.19) and interleukin-6 (log IL-6) (β = 0.32) were strong and independent predictors of ERI using multivariate linear regression. Serum albumin (β = -0.30) and prealbumin levels (β = -0.14) were inversely associated with ERI. Each 1 SD higher MIS, higher CRP and lower albumin were associated with 86, 44 and 97% higher likelihood of having highest versus three lowest ERI quartiles in fully adjusted models [odds ratio (and 95% confidence interval) of 1.86 (1.31-2.85), 1.44 (1.08-1.92) and 1.97 (1.41-2.78)], respectively. Cubic splines confirmed the continuous and incremental nature of these associations. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition-inflammation complex is an incremental predictor of poor responsiveness to ESAs in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to assess whether modulating inflammatory or nutritional processes can improve anemia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoch Rattanasompattikul
- Harold Simmons Center for Chronic Disease Research and Epidemiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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