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Coleman OI, Haller D. Microbe-Mucus Interface in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040616. [PMID: 33557139 PMCID: PMC7913824 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overlying gastrointestinal epithelial cells is the transparent mucus layer that separates the lumen from the host. The dynamic mucus layer serves to lubricate the mucosal surface, to protect underlying epithelial cells, and as a transport medium between luminal contents and epithelial cells. Furthermore, it provides a habitat for commensal bacteria and signals to the underlying immune system. Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins, and their glycocode is tissue-specific and closely linked to the resident microbiota. Aberrant mucin expression and glycosylation are linked to chronic inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant mucus production compromises the mucus layer and allows bacteria to come into close contact with the intestinal epithelium, potentially triggering unfavorable host responses and the subsequent development of tumors. Here, we review our current understanding of the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and mucus in healthy and CRC subjects. Deep knowledge of the intricate mechanisms of microbe-mucus interactions may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies for CRC, in which a dysfunctional mucus layer is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-08161-71-2375
| | - Dirk Haller
- Department of Nutrition and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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52
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Mucin-Type O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1325:25-60. [PMID: 34495529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70115-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type GalNAc O-glycosylation is one of the most abundant and unique post-translational modifications. The combination of proteome-wide mapping of GalNAc O-glycosylation sites and genetic studies with knockout animals and genome-wide analyses in humans have been instrumental in our understanding of GalNAc O-glycosylation. Combined, such studies have revealed well-defined functions of O-glycans at single sites in proteins, including the regulation of pro-protein processing and proteolytic cleavage, as well as modulation of receptor functions and ligand binding. In addition to isolated O-glycans, multiple clustered O-glycans have an important function in mammalian biology by providing structural support and stability of mucins essential for protecting our inner epithelial surfaces, especially in the airways and gastrointestinal tract. Here the many O-glycans also provide binding sites for both endogenous and pathogen-derived carbohydrate-binding proteins regulating critical developmental programs and helping maintain epithelial homeostasis with commensal organisms. Finally, O-glycan changes have been identified in several diseases, most notably in cancer and inflammation, where the disease-specific changes can be used for glycan-targeted therapies. This chapter will review the biosynthesis, the biology, and the translational perspectives of GalNAc O-glycans.
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Bergstrom K, Shan X, Casero D, Batushansky A, Lagishetty V, Jacobs JP, Hoover C, Kondo Y, Shao B, Gao L, Zandberg W, Noyovitz B, McDaniel JM, Gibson DL, Pakpour S, Kazemian N, McGee S, Houchen CW, Rao CV, Griffin TM, Sonnenburg JL, McEver RP, Braun J, Xia L. Proximal colon-derived O-glycosylated mucus encapsulates and modulates the microbiota. Science 2020; 370:467-472. [PMID: 33093110 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay7367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colon mucus segregates the intestinal microbiota from host tissues, but how it organizes to function throughout the colon is unclear. In mice, we found that colon mucus consists of two distinct O-glycosylated entities of Muc2: a major form produced by the proximal colon, which encapsulates the fecal material including the microbiota, and a minor form derived from the distal colon, which adheres to the major form. The microbiota directs its own encapsulation by inducing Muc2 production from proximal colon goblet cells. In turn, O-glycans on proximal colon-derived Muc2 modulate the structure and function of the microbiota as well as transcription in the colon mucosa. Our work shows how proximal colon control of mucin production is an important element in the regulation of host-microbiota symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Bergstrom
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Xindi Shan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - David Casero
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Albert Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bojing Shao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Liang Gao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wesley Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Benjamin Noyovitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - J Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Sepideh Pakpour
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Negin Kazemian
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Chinthalapally V Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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54
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O-glycan recognition and function in mice and human cancers. Biochem J 2020; 477:1541-1564. [PMID: 32348475 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation represents a nearly ubiquitous post-translational modification, and altered glycosylation can result in clinically significant pathological consequences. Here we focus on O-glycosylation in tumor cells of mice and humans. O-glycans are those linked to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues via N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), which are oligosaccharides that occur widely in glycoproteins, such as those expressed on the surfaces and in secretions of all cell types. The structure and expression of O-glycans are dependent on the cell type and disease state of the cells. There is a great interest in O-glycosylation of tumor cells, as they typically express many altered types of O-glycans compared with untransformed cells. Such altered expression of glycans, quantitatively and/or qualitatively on different glycoproteins, is used as circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CA19-9 and CA-125. Other tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), such as the Tn antigen and sialyl-Tn antigen (STn), are truncated O-glycans commonly expressed by carcinomas on multiple glycoproteins; they contribute to tumor development and serve as potential biomarkers for tumor presence and stage, both in immunohistochemistry and in serum diagnostics. Here we discuss O-glycosylation in murine and human cells with a focus on colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers, centering on the structure, function and recognition of O-glycans. There are enormous opportunities to exploit our knowledge of O-glycosylation in tumor cells to develop new diagnostics and therapeutics.
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55
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Huang L, Sun T, Hu L, Hu S, Sun H, Zhao F, Wu B, Yang S, Ji F, Zhou D. Elevated miR-124-3p in the aging colon disrupts mucus barrier and increases susceptibility to colitis by targeting T-synthase. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13252. [PMID: 33040455 PMCID: PMC7681053 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of colitis and colorectal cancer increases markedly throughout adult life, endangering the health and lives of elderly individuals. Previous studies have proposed that bacterial translocation and infection are the main risk factors for these diseases. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to identify the underlying mechanism by focusing on the mucus barrier function and mucin‐type O‐glycosylation. We evaluated alterations in the colon mucus layer in 2‐, 16‐, and 24‐month‐old mice and aged humans. Aged colons showed defective intestinal mucosal barrier and changed mucus properties. The miR‐124‐3p expression level was significantly increased in the aged distal colonic mucosa, which was accompanied by an increase in pathogens and bacterial translocation. Meanwhile, T‐synthase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in O‐glycosylation, displayed an age‐related decline in protein expression. Further experiments indicated that miR‐124‐3p modulated O‐glycosylation by directly targeting T‐synthase. Moreover, young mice overexpressing miR‐124‐3p exhibited abnormal glycosylation, early‐onset, and more severe colitis. These data suggest that miR‐124‐3p predisposes to senile colitis by reducing T‐synthase, and the miR‐124‐3p/T‐synthase/O‐glycans axis plays an essential role in maintaining the physiochemical properties of colonic mucus and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ting‐yi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research Beijing China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Liang‐jun Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Shi‐long Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hai‐mei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research Beijing China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Fu‐qian Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research Beijing China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research Beijing China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Feng‐qing Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research Beijing China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - De‐shan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research Beijing China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University Beijing China
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56
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Yang C, Cui M, Zhang Y, Pan H, Liu J, Wang S, Ma N, Chang J, Sun T, Wang H. Upconversion optogenetic micro-nanosystem optically controls the secretion of light-responsive bacteria for systemic immunity regulation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:561. [PMID: 33037315 PMCID: PMC7547716 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical molecules specifically secreted into the blood and targeted tissues by intestinal microbiota can effectively affect the associated functions of the intestine especially immunity, representing a new strategy for immune-related diseases. However, proper ways of regulating the secretion metabolism of specific strains still remain to be established. In this article, an upconversion optogenetic micro-nanosystem was constructed to effectively regulate the specific secretion of engineered bacteria. The system included two major modules: (i) Modification of secretory light-responsive engineered bacteria. (ii) Optical sensing mediated by upconversion optogenetic micro-nanosystem. This system could regulate the efficient secretion of immune factors by engineered bacteria through optical manipulation. Inflammatory bowel disease and subcutaneously transplanted tumors were selected to verify the effectiveness of the system. Our results showed that the endogenous factor TGF-β1 could be controllably secreted to suppress the intestinal inflammatory response. Additionally, regulatory secretion of IFN-γ was promoted to slow the progression of B16F10 tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Engineered Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Meihui Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Engineered Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Engineered Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huizhuo Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Engineered Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shixing Wang
- Academy of Medical engineered and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Engineered Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Engineered Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical engineered and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hanjie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
- Tianjin Engineered Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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57
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Bernardazzi C, Xu H, Tong H, Laubitz D, Figliuolo da Paz V, Curiel L, Ghishan FK. An indisputable role of NHE8 in mucosal protection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G421-G431. [PMID: 32755385 PMCID: PMC7654648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the intestinal Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8) results in an ulcerative colitis-like condition with reduction of mucin production and dysbiosis, indicating that NHE8 plays an important role in intestinal mucosal protection. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential rebalance of the altered microbiota community of NHE8-deficient mice via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and feeding probiotic VSL#3. We also aimed to stimulate mucin production by sodium butyrate administration via enema. Data from 16S rRNA sequencing showed that loss of NHE8 contributes to colonic microbial dysbiosis with reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria. FMT increased bacterial adhesion in the colon in NHE8 knockout (NHE8KO) mice. Periodic-acid Schiff reagent (PAS) stain and quantitative PCR showed no changes in mucin production during FMT. In mice treated with the probiotic VSL#3, a reduction of Lactobacillus and segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in NHE8KO mouse colon was detected and an increase in goblet cell theca was observed. In NHE8KO mice receiving sodium butyrate (NaB), 1 mM NaB stimulated Muc2 expression without changing goblet cell theca, but 10 mM NaB induced a significant reduction of goblet cell theca without altering Muc2 expression. Furthermore, 5 mM and 10 mM NaB-treated HT29-MTX cells displayed increased apoptosis, while 0.5 mM NaB stimulated Muc2 gene expression. These data showed that loss of NHE8 leads to dysbiosis with reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria and FMT and VSL#3 failed to rebalance the microbiota in NHE8KO mice. Therefore, FMT, VSL#3, and NaB are not able to restore mucin production in the absence of NHE8 in the intestine.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Loss of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 8 (NHE8), a Slc9 family of exchanger that contributes to sodium uptake, cell volume regulation, and intracellular pH homeostasis, resulted in dysbiosis with reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria and decrease of Muc2 production in the intestine in mice. Introducing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and VSL#3 in NHE8 knockout (NHE8KO) mice failed to rebalance the microbiota in these mice. Furthermore, administration of FMT, VSL#3, and sodium butyrate was unable to restore mucin production in the absence of NHE8 in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Xu
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Huan Tong
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Leslie Curiel
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Fayez K. Ghishan
- Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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58
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Kudelka MR, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Neish AS. Intestinal epithelial glycosylation in homeostasis and gut microbiota interactions in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:597-617. [PMID: 32710014 PMCID: PMC8211394 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 6.8 million people globally. A variety of factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis, including host genetics, immune dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Emerging evidence implicates intestinal epithelial glycosylation as an underappreciated process that interfaces with these three factors. IBD is associated with increased expression of truncated O-glycans as well as altered expression of terminal glycan structures. IBD genes, glycosyltransferase mislocalization, altered glycosyltransferase and glycosidase expression and dysbiosis drive changes in the glycome. These glycan changes disrupt the mucus layer, glycan-lectin interactions, host-microorganism interactions and mucosal immunity, and ultimately contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Epithelial glycans are especially critical in regulating the gut microbiota through providing bacterial ligands and nutrients and ultimately determining the spatial organization of the gut microbiota. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of intestinal epithelial glycosylation, altered epithelial glycosylation in IBD and mechanisms for how these alterations contribute to disease pathobiology. We hope that this Review provides a foundation for future studies on IBD glycosylation and the emergence of glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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59
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Grondin JA, Kwon YH, Far PM, Haq S, Khan WI. Mucins in Intestinal Mucosal Defense and Inflammation: Learning From Clinical and Experimental Studies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2054. [PMID: 33013869 PMCID: PMC7500085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, a distinct mucus layer composed of highly glycosylated proteins called mucins plays an essential role in providing lubrication for the passage of food, participating in cell signaling pathways and protecting the host epithelium from commensal microorganisms and invading pathogens, as well as toxins and other environmental irritants. These mucins can be broadly classified into either secreted gel-forming mucins, those that provide the structural backbone for the mucus barrier, or transmembrane mucins, those that form the glycocalyx layer covering the underlying epithelial cells. Goblet cells dispersed among the intestinal epithelial cells are chiefly responsible for the synthesis and secretion of mucins within the gut and are heavily influenced by interactions with the immune system. Evidence from both clinical and animal studies have indicated that several GI conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer, and numerous enteric infections are accompanied by considerable changes in mucin quality and quantity. These changes include, but are not limited to, impaired goblet cell function, synthesis dysregulation, and altered post-translational modifications. The current review aims to highlight the structural and functional features as well as the production and immunological regulation of mucins and the impact these key elements have within the context of barrier function and host defense in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensine A Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Parsa Mehraban Far
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sabah Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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60
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Nasef NA, Mehta S. Role of Inflammation in Pathophysiology of Colonic Disease: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4748. [PMID: 32635383 PMCID: PMC7370289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the colon are a big health burden in both men and women worldwide ranging from acute infection to cancer. Environmental and genetic factors influence disease onset and outcome in multiple colonic pathologies. The importance of inflammation in the onset, progression and outcome of multiple colonic pathologies is gaining more traction as the evidence from recent research is considered. In this review, we provide an update on the literature to understand how genetics, diet, and the gut microbiota influence the crosstalk between immune and non‑immune cells resulting in inflammation observed in multiple colonic pathologies. Specifically, we focus on four colonic diseases two of which have a more established association with inflammation (inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer) while the other two have a less understood relationship with inflammation (diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Ahmed Nasef
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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61
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Gupta R, Leon F, Rauth S, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. A Systematic Review on the Implications of O-linked Glycan Branching and Truncating Enzymes on Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cells 2020; 9:E446. [PMID: 32075174 PMCID: PMC7072808 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most commonly occurring post-translational modifications, and is believed to modify over 50% of all proteins. The process of glycan modification is directed by different glycosyltransferases, depending on the cell in which it is expressed. These small carbohydrate molecules consist of multiple glycan families that facilitate cell-cell interactions, protein interactions, and downstream signaling. An alteration of several types of O-glycan core structures have been implicated in multiple cancers, largely due to differential glycosyltransferase expression or activity. Consequently, aberrant O-linked glycosylation has been extensively demonstrated to affect biological function and protein integrity that directly result in cancer growth and progression of several diseases. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of several initiating enzymes involved in the synthesis of O-linked glycosylation that significantly contribute to a number of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitesh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Frank Leon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 681980-5900, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (R.G.); (F.L.); (S.R.)
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 681980-5900, USA
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62
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Peluso G, Tian E, Abusleme L, Munemasa T, Mukaibo T, Ten Hagen KG. Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the oral microbiome. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1411-1425. [PMID: 31882545 PMCID: PMC6996895 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome in health and its disruption in disease is continuing to be elucidated. However, the multitude of host and environmental factors that influence the microbiome are still largely unknown. Here, we examined UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (Galnt3)-deficient mice, which serve as a model for the disease hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (HFTC). In HFTC, loss of GALNT3 activity in the bone is thought to lead to altered glycosylation of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), resulting in hyperphosphatemia and subdermal calcified tumors. However, GALNT3 is expressed in other tissues in addition to bone, suggesting that systemic loss could result in other pathologies. Using semiquantitative real-time PCR, we found that Galnt3 is the major O-glycosyltransferase expressed in the secretory cells of salivary glands. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the loss of Galnt3 resulted in changes in the structure, composition, and stability of the oral microbiome. Moreover, we identified the major secreted salivary mucin, Muc10, as an in vivo substrate of Galnt3. Given that mucins and their O-glycans are known to interact with various microbes, our results suggest that loss of Galnt3 decreases glycosylation of Muc10, which alters the composition and stability of the oral microbiome. Considering that oral findings have been documented in HFTC patients, our study suggests that investigating GALNT3-mediated changes in the oral microbiome may be warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Calcinosis/microbiology
- Female
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
- Glycosylation
- Glycosyltransferases/metabolism
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/genetics
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/metabolism
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/microbiology
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/microbiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microbiota/genetics
- Mucins/chemistry
- Mucins/metabolism
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/genetics
- N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Salivary Glands/metabolism
- Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Peluso
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - E Tian
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Translational Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Takashi Munemasa
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Taro Mukaibo
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunctions Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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63
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Liu F, Fu J, Bergstrom K, Shan X, McDaniel JM, McGee S, Bai X, Chen W, Xia L. Core 1-derived mucin-type O-glycosylation protects against spontaneous gastritis and gastric cancer. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20182325. [PMID: 31645367 PMCID: PMC7037257 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Core 1-derived mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) are a major component of gastric mucus with an unclear role. To address this, we generated mice lacking gastric epithelial O-glycans (GEC C1galt1-/-). GEC C1galt1-/- mice exhibited spontaneous gastritis that progressed to adenocarcinoma with ∼80% penetrance by 1 yr. GEC C1galt1-/- gastric epithelium exhibited defective expression of a major mucus forming O-glycoprotein Muc5AC relative to WT controls, which was associated with impaired gastric acid homeostasis. Inflammation and tumorigenesis in GEC C1galt1-/- stomach were concurrent with activation of caspases 1 and 11 (Casp1/11)-dependent inflammasome. GEC C1galt1-/- mice genetically lacking Casp1/11 had reduced gastritis and gastric cancer progression. Notably, expression of Tn antigen, a truncated form of O-glycan, and CASP1 activation was associated with tumor progression in gastric cancer patients. These results reveal a critical role of O-glycosylation in gastric homeostasis and the protection of the gastric mucosa from Casp1-mediated gastric inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Kirk Bergstrom
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xindi Shan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - J. Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Xia Bai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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64
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Verhelst X, Dias AM, Colombel JF, Vermeire S, Van Vlierberghe H, Callewaert N, Pinho SS. Protein Glycosylation as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker of Chronic Inflammatory Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:95-110. [PMID: 31626754 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are sequences of carbohydrates that are added to proteins or lipids to modulate their structure and function. Glycans modify proteins required for regulation of immune cells, and alterations have been associated with inflammatory conditions. For example, specific glycans regulate T-cell activation, structures, and functions of immunoglobulins; interactions between microbes and immune and epithelial cells; and malignant transformation in the intestine and liver. We review the effects of protein glycosylation in regulation of gastrointestinal and liver functions, and how alterations in glycosylation serve as diagnostic or prognostic factors, or as targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana M Dias
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Severine Vermeire
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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65
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Peluso G, Tian E, Abusleme L, Munemasa T, Mukaibo T, Ten Hagen KG. Loss of the disease-associated glycosyltransferase Galnt3 alters Muc10 glycosylation and the composition of the oral microbiome. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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66
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Groux-Degroote S, Cavdarli S, Uchimura K, Allain F, Delannoy P. Glycosylation changes in inflammatory diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:111-156. [PMID: 31997767 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most important modifications of proteins and lipids, and cell surface glycoconjugates are thought to play important roles in a variety of biological functions including cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, bacterial adhesion, cell immunogenicity and cell signaling. Alterations of glycosylation are observed in a number of inflammatory diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to modulate cell surface glycosylation by regulating the expression of glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases involved in the biosynthesis of glycan chains, inducing the expression of specific carbohydrate antigens at the cell surface that can be recognized by different types of lectins or by bacterial adhesins, contributing to the development of diseases. Glycosylation can also regulate biological functions of immune cells by recruiting leukocytes to inflammation sites with pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Cell surface proteoglycans provide a large panel of binding sites for many mediators of inflammation, and regulate their bio-availability and functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the glycosylation changes occurring in mucin type O-linked glycans, glycosaminoglycans, as well as in glycosphingolipids, with a particular focus on cystic fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases, and their consequences on cell interactions and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Groux-Degroote
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sumeyye Cavdarli
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Allain
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unite de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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67
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Fernandez AJ, Daniel EJP, Mahajan SP, Gray JJ, Gerken TA, Tabak LA, Samara NL. The structure of the colorectal cancer-associated enzyme GalNAc-T12 reveals how nonconserved residues dictate its function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20404-20410. [PMID: 31548401 PMCID: PMC6789641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902211116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferases (GalNAc-Ts) initiate mucin type O-glycosylation by catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to Ser or Thr on a protein substrate. Inactive and partially active variants of the isoenzyme GalNAc-T12 are present in subsets of patients with colorectal cancer, and several of these variants alter nonconserved residues with unknown functions. While previous biochemical studies have demonstrated that GalNAc-T12 selects for peptide and glycopeptide substrates through unique interactions with its catalytic and lectin domains, the molecular basis for this distinct substrate selectivity remains elusive. Here we examine the molecular basis of the activity and substrate selectivity of GalNAc-T12. The X-ray crystal structure of GalNAc-T12 in complex with a di-glycosylated peptide substrate reveals how a nonconserved GalNAc binding pocket in the GalNAc-T12 catalytic domain dictates its unique substrate selectivity. In addition, the structure provides insight into how colorectal cancer mutations disrupt the activity of GalNAc-T12 and illustrates how the rules dictating GalNAc-T12 function are distinct from those for other GalNAc-Ts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Fernandez
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Sai Pooja Mahajan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Jeffrey J Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nadine L Samara
- Structural Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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68
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Pandey A, Shen C, Man SM. Inflammasomes in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Therapies. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:481-498. [PMID: 31543710 PMCID: PMC6747943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a multifactorial disease and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Inflammation is a driver across multiple stages in the development of colorectal cancer. The inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex of the innate immune system central to the regulation of inflammation, pyroptosis, and other cellular processes important for maintaining gut homeostasis. Studies using mouse models of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer have highlighted diverse and sometimes contrasting roles of inflammasomes in maintaining a balance between intestinal barrier function and the gut microbiota. In addition, persistent and/or dysregulated stimulation of inflammasome sensors finetune inflammation and tumorigenesis in the intestine. This review highlights the emerging role of inflammasome signaling in colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. We also review the key mechanisms by which inflammasome signaling modulate inflammation and tumor development. Finally, we speculate the importance of using more tightly regulated experimental approaches to examine the role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Si Ming Man
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Si Ming Man, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia; Tel: 61 2 612 56793,
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69
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Wibowo AA, Pardjianto B, Sumitro SB, Kania N, Handono K. Decreased expression of MUC2 due to a decrease in the expression of lectins and apoptotic defects in colitis patients. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 19:100655. [PMID: 31198858 PMCID: PMC6556545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The involvement of mucin, lectin, and apoptosis in colitis is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in MUC2 expression, inflammation, and changes in lectin expression in colitis patients. METHODS A total of 17 patients were divided into two groups including 11 hemorrhoid patients as a control group and 6 colitis patients. MUC2 mutation analysis was carried out using immunofluorescent and FISH techniques. Assessment of caspase-3, Ki-67, NF-kB, and lectin expressions was also carried out by immunofluorescent technique then analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS The MUC2, caspase-3, and lectin expressions were significantly lower in the colitis group than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that in colitis there was a change in MUC2 expression due to changes in lectins accompanied by apoptotic defects.conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agung A. Wibowo
- Doctoral Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Pardjianto
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya/dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman B. Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nia Kania
- Department of Pathology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Kusworini Handono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya/dr.Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Yi J, Bergstrom K, Fu J, Shan X, McDaniel JM, McGee S, Qu D, Houchen CW, Liu X, Xia L. Dclk1 in tuft cells promotes inflammation-driven epithelial restitution and mitigates chronic colitis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1656-1669. [PMID: 30478383 PMCID: PMC6748088 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by defective intestinal barrier integrity toward the microbiota and epithelial damage. Double cortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1), a marker of intestinal tuft cells, can regulate tissue regenerative responses, but its role in epithelial repair during bacterial-dependent chronic colitis is unclear. We addressed this question using our recently developed mouse model of spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis induced by mucin-type O-glycan deficiency (DKO), which recapitulates most features of human UC. We generated DKO mice lacking intestinal epithelial Dclk1 (DKO;Dclk1ΔIEC) and analyzed colitis onset and severity using clinical and histologic indices, immune responses by qPCR and immunostaining, and epithelial responses using proliferation markers and organoid culture. We found 3-4-week-old DKO;Dclk1ΔIEC mice developed worsened spontaneous colitis characterized by reduced body weight, loose stool, severe colon thickening, epithelial lesions, and inflammatory cell infiltrates compared with DKO mice. The primary defect was an impaired epithelial proliferative response during inflammation. Dclk1 deficiency also reduced inflammation-induced proliferation and growth of colon organoids ex vivo. Mechanistically, Dclk1 expression was important for inflammation-induced Cox2 expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in vivo, and PGE2 rescued proliferative defects in Dclk1-deficient colonic organoids. Although tuft cells were expanded in both DKO and DKO;Dclk1ΔIEC relative to WT mice, loss of Dclk1 was associated with reduced tuft cell activation (i.e., proliferation) during inflammation. Similar results were found in DKO vs. DKO;Dclk1ΔIEC mice at 3-6 months of age. Our results support that tuft cells, via Dclk1, are important responders to bacterial-induced colitis by enhancing epithelial repair responses, which in turn limits bacterial infiltration into the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kirk Bergstrom
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xindi Shan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - J Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dongfeng Qu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Courtney W Houchen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Etienne-Mesmin L, Chassaing B, Desvaux M, De Paepe K, Gresse R, Sauvaitre T, Forano E, de Wiele TV, Schüller S, Juge N, Blanquet-Diot S. Experimental models to study intestinal microbes–mucus interactions in health and disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:457-489. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the gut microbiota and protects the intestinal epithelium. The review starts by setting up the biological context underpinning the need for experimental models to study gut bacteria-mucus interactions in the digestive environment. We provide an overview of the structure and function of intestinal mucus and mucins, their interactions with intestinal bacteria (including commensal, probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms) and their role in modulating health and disease states. We then describe the characteristics and potentials of experimental models currently available to study the mechanisms underpinning the interaction of mucus with gut microbes, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. We then discuss the limitations and challenges facing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 , USA
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raphaële Gresse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Schüller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, MEDIS, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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72
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Zhang XF, Wang J, Jia HL, Zhu WW, Lu L, Ye QH, Nelson PJ, Qin Y, Gao DM, Zhou HJ, Qin LX. Core fucosylated glycan-dependent inhibitory effect of QSOX1-S on invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:84. [PMID: 30962950 PMCID: PMC6447561 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to identify glycoproteins associated with the postoperative relapse of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to investigate their potential role in HCC metastasis. A method for quantitating N-glycoproteome was used to screen for, and identify, recurrence-related N-linked glycoproteins from 100 serum samples taken from patients with early-stage HCC. The prognostic significance of candidate glycoproteins was then validated in 193 HCC tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Serum core fucosylated quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 (cf-QSOX1) was identified as a leading prognostic glycoprotein that significantly correlated with HCC recurrence. Patients with high serum cf-QSOX1 levels had a significantly longer time to recurrence (TTR) as compared with those with low serum cf-QSOX1. As was seen with serum cf-QSOX1, QSOX1 in HCC tissues was further shown to be significantly associated with good patient outcome. Gain-functional and loss-functional analyses of QSOX1-S were performed in vitro and in vivo. QSOX1-S overexpression significantly increased in vitro apoptosis, but decreased the invasive capacity of HCC cells, and reduced lung metastasis in nude mice models bearing human HCC. Furthermore, overexpression of a mutant version of QSOX1-S, which had eliminated the core-fucosylated glycan at Asn-130, showed no demonstrable effect on invasion or metastasis of HCC cells. Our study suggests that serum cf-QSOX1-S and tumor QSOX1 levels are helpful for predicting recurrence in HCC patients, and its core-fucosylated glycan at Asn-130 is critical for the inhibitory effects of QSOX1-S on invasion and metastasis of HCC
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Zhang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Wang
- 2Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hu-Liang Jia
- 1Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- 1Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- 1Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Hai Ye
- 3Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,4Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter J Nelson
- 5Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Qin
- 6Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- 3Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,4Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhou
- 3Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,4Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis & Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- 1Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,7Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Genome-wide Analysis Reveals DNA Methylation Alterations in Obesity Associated with High Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5100. [PMID: 30911103 PMCID: PMC6433909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a high risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The contribution of underlying epigenetic mechanisms to CRC and the precise targets of epigenetic alterations during cancer development are largely unknown. Several types of epigenetic processes have been described, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA expression. To investigate the relationship between obesity and CRC, we studied both obese and CRC patients, focusing on genome-wide peripheral blood DNA methylation alterations. Our results show abnormal distributions of overlapping differentially methylated regions (DMRs) such as hypermethylated CpG islands, which may account for epigenetic instability driving cancer initiation in obesity patients. Furthermore, functional analysis suggests that altered DNA methylation of extracellular (e.g., O-glycan processing) and intracellular components contribute to activation of oncogenes (e.g. KRAS and SCL2A1) and suppression of tumor suppressors (e.g. ARHGEF4, EPHB2 and SOCS3), leading to increased oncogenic potency. Our study demonstrates how DNA methylation changes in obesity contribute to CRC development, providing direct evidence of an association between obesity and CRC. It also reveals the diagnostic potential of using DNA methylation as an early risk evaluation to detect patients with high risk for CRC.
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Liu Z, Liu J, Dong X, Hu X, Jiang Y, Li L, Du T, Yang L, Wen T, An G, Feng G. Tn antigen promotes human colorectal cancer metastasis via H-Ras mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition activation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2083-2092. [PMID: 30637914 PMCID: PMC6378212 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tn antigen is a truncated O-glycan, frequently detected in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its precise role in CRC metastasis is not well addressed. Here we investigated the effects of Core 1 β3Gal-T specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) deletion-mediated Tn antigen exposure on CRC metastasis and its underlying mechanism. We first used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout Cosmc, which is required for normal O-glycosylation, and thereby obtained Tn-positive CRC cells. We then investigated the biological consequences of Tn antigen expression in CRC. The results showed that Tn-positive cells exhibited an enhanced metastatic capability both in vitro and in vivo. A further analysis indicated that Tn antigen expression induced typical activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, we found that H-Ras, which is known to drive EMT, was markedly up-regulated in Tn-positive cells, whereas knockdown of H-Ras suppressed Tn antigen induced activation of EMT. Furthermore, we confirmed that LS174T cells (Tn-positive) transfected with wild-type Cosmc, thus expressing no Tn antigen, had down-regulation of H-Ras expression and subsequent inhibition of EMT process. In addition, analysis of 438 samples in TCGA cohort demonstrated that Cosmc expression was reversely correlated with H-Ras, underscoring the significance of Tn antigen-H-Ras signalling in CRC patients. These data demonstrated that Cosmc deletion-mediated Tn antigen exposure promotes CRC metastasis, which is possibly mediated by H-Ras-induced EMT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Department of OncologyBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research CenterBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xichen Dong
- Medical Research CenterBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of OncologyBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuliang Jiang
- Department of OncologyBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lina Li
- Department of OncologyBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tan Du
- Department of OncologyBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Research CenterBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research CenterBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of OncologyBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guosheng Feng
- Department of OncologyBeijing Chao‐Yang HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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75
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Chugh S, Barkeer S, Rachagani S, Nimmakayala RK, Perumal N, Pothuraju R, Atri P, Mahapatra S, Thapa I, Talmon GA, Smith LM, Yu X, Neelamegham S, Fu J, Xia L, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Disruption of C1galt1 Gene Promotes Development and Metastasis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1608-1624. [PMID: 30086262 PMCID: PMC6219903 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) produce higher levels of truncated O-glycan structures (such as Tn and sTn) than normal pancreata. Dysregulated activity of core 1 synthase glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-β-galactosyltransferase 1 (C1GALT1) leads to increased expression of these truncated O-glycans. We investigated whether and how truncated O-glycans contributes to the development and progression of PDAC using mice with disruption of C1galt1. METHODS We crossed C1galt1 floxed mice (C1galt1loxP/loxP) with KrasG12D/+; Trp53R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice to create KPCC mice. Growth and progression of pancreatic tumors were compared between KPC and KPCC mice; pancreatic tissues were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry; immunofluorescence; and Sirius red, alcian blue, and lectin staining. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt C1GALT1 in human PDAC cells (T3M4 and CD18/HPAF) and levels of O-glycans were analyzed by lectin blotting, mass spectrometry, and lectin pulldown assay. Orthotopic studies and RNA sequencing analyses were performed with control and C1GALT1 knockout PDAC cells. C1GALT1 expression was analyzed in well-differentiated (n = 36) and poorly differentiated (n = 23) PDAC samples by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS KPCC mice had significantly shorter survival times (median 102 days) than KPC mice (median 200 days) and developed early pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias at 3 weeks, PDAC at 5 weeks, and metastasis at 10 weeks compared with KPC mice. Pancreatic tumors that developed in KPCC mice were more aggressive (more invasive and metastases) than those in KPC mice, had a decreased amount of stroma, and had increased production of Tn. Poorly differentiated PDAC specimens had significantly lower levels of C1GALT1 than well-differentiated PDACs. Human PDAC cells with knockout of C1GALT1 had aberrant glycosylation of MUC16 compared with control cells and increased expression of genes that regulate tumorigenesis and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In studies of KPC mice with disruption of C1galt1, we found that loss of C1galt1 promotes development of aggressive PDACs and increased metastasis. Knockout of C1galt1 leads to increased tumorigenicity and truncation of O-glycosylation on MUC16, which could contribute to increased aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4375, USA
| | - Xinheng Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Sriram Neelamegham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Address Correspondence to: Surinder K. Batra, Ph.D., and Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A. Phone: 402-559-5455, Fax: 402-559-6650, and
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Address Correspondence to: Surinder K. Batra, Ph.D., and Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-5870, U.S.A. Phone: 402-559-5455, Fax: 402-559-6650, and
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76
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Coleman OI, Lobner EM, Bierwirth S, Sorbie A, Waldschmitt N, Rath E, Berger E, Lagkouvardos I, Clavel T, McCoy KD, Weber A, Heikenwalder M, Janssen KP, Haller D. Activated ATF6 Induces Intestinal Dysbiosis and Innate Immune Response to Promote Colorectal Tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1539-1552.e12. [PMID: 30063920 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress. We studied whether ATF6 contributes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) using tissue from patients and transgenic mice. METHODS We analyzed data from 541 patients with CRC in The Cancer Genome Atlas database for genetic variants and aberrant expression levels of unfolded protein response genes. Findings were validated in a cohort of 83 patients with CRC in Germany. We generated mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific expression of the active form of Atf6 (nATF6IEC) from 2 alleles (homozygous), mice with expression of nATF6IEC from 1 allele (heterozygous), and nATF6IECfl/fl mice (controls). All nATF6IEC mice were housed under either specific-pathogen-free or germ-free conditions. Cecal microbiota from homozygous nATF6IEC mice or control mice was transferred into homozygous nATF6IEC mice or control mice. nATF6IEC mice were crossed with mice with disruptions in the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 and toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 gene (Myd88/Trif-knockout mice). Intestinal tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, gene expression profiling of unfolded protein response and inflammatory genes, array-based comparative genome hybridization, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Increased expression of ATF6 was associated with reduced disease-free survival times of patients with CRC. Homozygous nATF6IEC mice developed spontaneous colon adenomas at 12 weeks of age. Compared with controls, homozygous nATF6IEC mice had changes in the profile of their cecal microbiota, increased proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells, and loss of the mucus barrier-all preceding tumor formation. These mice had increased penetration of bacteria into the inner mucus layer and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, yet inflammation was not observed at the pretumor or tumor stages. Administration of antibiotics to homozygous nATF6IEC mice greatly reduced tumor incidence, and germ-free housing completely prevented tumorigenesis. Analysis of nATF6IEC MyD88/TRIF-knockout mice showed that tumor initiation and growth required MyD88/TRIF-dependent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Transplantation of cecal microbiota from nATF6IEC mice and control mice, collected before tumor formation, caused tumor formation in ex-germ-free nATF6IEC mice. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CRC, ATF6 was associated with reduced time of disease-free survival. In studies of nATF6IEC mice, we found sustained intestinal activation of ATF6 in the colon to promote dysbiosis and microbiota-dependent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia I Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Elena M Lobner
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Bierwirth
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Adam Sorbie
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Nadine Waldschmitt
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Emanuel Berger
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL -Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- ZIEL -Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Kathleen D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Pathology, University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany; ZIEL -Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The trillions of microbes collectively referred to as the human microbiota, inhabit the human body and establish a beneficial relationship with the host. It is clear however that dysbiosis impacting microbial diversity in the gut, may lead to development of inflammatory and malignant gastrointestinal diseases including colorectal cancer (CRC). We provide a literature review of the recent influx of information related to the alterations in gut microbiota composition that influences CRC incidence and progression. Recent Findings A growing body of evidence implicates altered gut microbiota in the development of CRC. Profiles of CRC associated microbiota have been shown to differ from those in healthy subjects and bacterial phylotypes vary depending on the primary tumor location. The compositional variation in the microbial profile is not restricted to cancerous tissue however and is different between cancers of the proximal and distal colons, respectively. More recently, studies have shed light on the "driver-passenger" model for CRC wherein, driver bacteria cause inflammation, increased cell proliferation and production of genotoxic substances to contribute towards mutational acquisition associated with adenoma-carcinoma sequence. These changes facilitate gradual replacement of driver bacteria by passengers that either promote or suppress tumor progression. Significant advances have also been made in associating individual bacterial species to consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of CRC and this remarkable development is expected to galvanize scientific community into advancing therapeutic strategies for CRC. Summary Increasing evidence suggests a link between the intestinal microbiota and CRC development although the mechanisms through which the bacterial constituents of the microbiome contribute towards CRC are complex and yet to be fully fathomed. Thus, more exhaustive and mechanistic studies are needed to identify key interactions amongst diet, microbial community and metabolites that help facilitate the adenoma-carcinoma sequence evolution in CRC. It is expected that development of therapeutics based on microbial association with CMS will likely facilitate the translation of molecular subtypes into the clinic for CRCs and potentially other malignancies.
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The Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota in Muc2 Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092809. [PMID: 30231491 PMCID: PMC6164417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is associated with colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, and the genetic deficiency of the Muc2 gene causes spontaneous development of colitis and colorectal cancer. Whether there are changes of gut microbiota and a linkage between the changes of microbiota and intestinal pathology in Muc2-/- mice are unclear. Muc2-/- and Muc2+/+ mice were generated by backcrossing from Muc2+/- mice, and the fecal samples were collected at different dates (48th, 98th, 118th, 138th, and 178th day). Gut microbiota were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing with the universal 16S rRNA primers (V3⁻V5 region). All mice were sacrificed at day 178 to collect colonic tissue and epithelial cells for the analysis of histopathology and inflammatory cytokines. On the 178th day, Muc2-/- mice developed colorectal chronic colitis, hyperplasia, adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), i-kappa-B-kinase β (IKKβ)) were significantly increased in colonic epithelial cells of Muc2-/- mice. In general, structural segregation of gut microbiota was observed throughout the experimental time points between the Muc2-/- and Muc2+/+ mice. Impressively, in Muc2-/- mice, Alpha diversities reflected by Shannon and Chao indexes were higher, the phylum of Firmicutes was enriched and Bacteroidetes was decreased, and Desulfovibrio, Escherichia, Akkermansia, Turicibacter, and Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly increased, but Lactobacilli and Lachnospiraceae were significantly decreased. Moreover, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and butyrate-producing bacteria was significantly higher in the Muc2-/- mice. There were significant differences of gut microbiota between Muc2-/- and Muc2+/+ mice. The dynamic changes of microbiota might contribute to the development of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, this study revealed specific functional bacteria in the development of colitis and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis, which will benefit the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammation and its malignant transformation.
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79
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Ji S, Samara NL, Revoredo L, Zhang L, Tran DT, Muirhead K, Tabak LA, Ten Hagen KG. A molecular switch orchestrates enzyme specificity and secretory granule morphology. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3508. [PMID: 30158631 PMCID: PMC6115407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated secretion is an essential process where molecules destined for export are directed to membranous secretory granules, where they undergo packaging and maturation. Here, we identify a gene (pgant9) that influences the structure and shape of secretory granules within the Drosophila salivary gland. Loss of pgant9, which encodes an O-glycosyltransferase, results in secretory granules with an irregular, shard-like morphology, and altered glycosylation of cargo. Interestingly, pgant9 undergoes a splicing event that acts as a molecular switch to alter the charge of a loop controlling access to the active site of the enzyme. The splice variant with the negatively charged loop glycosylates the positively charged secretory cargo and rescues secretory granule morphology. Our study highlights a mechanism for dictating substrate specificity within the O-glycosyltransferase enzyme family. Moreover, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the glycosylation status of secretory cargo influences the morphology of maturing secretory granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena Ji
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Nadine L Samara
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Leslie Revoredo
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Liping Zhang
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Duy T Tran
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kayla Muirhead
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4370, USA.
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Maria-Ferreira D, Nascimento AM, Cipriani TR, Santana-Filho AP, Watanabe PDS, Sant Ana DDMG, Luciano FB, Bocate KCP, van den Wijngaard RM, Werner MFDP, Baggio CH. Rhamnogalacturonan, a chemically-defined polysaccharide, improves intestinal barrier function in DSS-induced colitis in mice and human Caco-2 cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12261. [PMID: 30115942 PMCID: PMC6095889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have emerged as an important class of bioactive compounds due their beneficial biological effects. Here we investigated the protective and healing effects of rhamnogalacturonan (RGal) isolated from Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen leaves in an experimental model of intestinal inflammation in mice and in heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). The findings demonstrated that RGal treatment for 7 days reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis by protecting mice from weight loss, macroscopic damage and reduction of colon length. When compared to the DSS group, RGal also protected the colon epithelium and promoted the maintenance of mucosal enterocytes and mucus secreting goblet cells, in addition to conserving collagen homeostasis and increasing cell proliferation. In an in vitro barrier function assay, RGal reduced the cellular permeability after exposure to IL-1β, while decreasing IL-8 secretion and claudin-1 expression and preserving the distribution of occludin. Furthermore, we also observed that RGal accelerated the wound healing in Caco-2 epithelial cell line. In conclusion, RGal ameliorates intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro and may represent an attractive and promising molecule for the therapeutic management of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Thales Ricardo Cipriani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo da Silva Watanabe
- Department of Biosciences and Physiopathology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Karla Carolina Paiva Bocate
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - René M van den Wijngaard
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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Witten J, Samad T, Ribbeck K. Selective permeability of mucus barriers. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:124-133. [PMID: 29674157 PMCID: PMC7132988 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a hydrogel that exhibits complex selective permeability, permitting the passage of some particles while restricting the passage of other particles including important therapeutics. In this review, we discuss biochemical mechanisms underlying mucus penetration and mucus binding, emphasizing the importance of steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. We discuss emerging techniques for engineering nanoparticle surface chemistries for mucus penetration as well as recent advances in tuning mucus interactions with small molecule, peptide, or protein therapeutics. Finally, we highlight recent work suggesting that mucus permeability can serve as a biomarker for disease and physiological states such as pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Witten
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Computational and Systems Biology Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tahoura Samad
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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83
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Kondo Y, Fu J, Wang H, Hoover C, McDaniel JM, Steet R, Patra D, Song J, Pollard L, Cathey S, Yago T, Wiley G, Macwana S, Guthridge J, McGee S, Li S, Griffin C, Furukawa K, James JA, Ruan C, McEver RP, Wierenga KJ, Gaffney PM, Xia L. Site-1 protease deficiency causes human skeletal dysplasia due to defective inter-organelle protein trafficking. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121596. [PMID: 30046013 PMCID: PMC6124414 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-1 protease (S1P), encoded by MBTPS1, is a serine protease in the Golgi. S1P regulates lipogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, and lysosome biogenesis in mice and in cultured cells. However, how S1P differentially regulates these diverse functions in humans has been unclear. In addition, no human disease with S1P deficiency has been identified. Here, we report a pediatric patient with an amorphic and a severely hypomorphic mutation in MBTPS1. The unique combination of these mutations results in a frequency of functional MBTPS1 transcripts of approximately 1%, a finding that is associated with skeletal dysplasia and elevated blood lysosomal enzymes. We found that the residually expressed S1P is sufficient for lipid homeostasis but not for ER and lysosomal functions, especially in chondrocytes. The defective S1P function specifically impairs activation of the ER stress transducer BBF2H7, leading to ER retention of collagen in chondrocytes. S1P deficiency also causes abnormal secretion of lysosomal enzymes due to partial impairment of mannose-6-phosphate-dependent delivery to lysosomes. Collectively, these abnormalities lead to apoptosis of chondrocytes and lysosomal enzyme-mediated degradation of the bone matrix. Correction of an MBTPS1 variant or reduction of ER stress mitigated collagen-trafficking defects. These results define a new congenital human skeletal disorder and, more importantly, reveal that S1P is particularly required for skeletal development in humans. Our findings may also lead to new therapies for other genetic skeletal diseases, as ER dysfunction is common in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kondo
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Christopher Hoover
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - J Michael McDaniel
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Debabrata Patra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianhua Song
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura Pollard
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Cathey
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yago
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Graham Wiley
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Susan Macwana
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel Guthridge
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Samuel McGee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Courtney Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Judith A James
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rodger P McEver
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Division of Genomics and Data Sciences, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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84
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Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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85
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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Xu F, Dong X, Cheng Y, Hu Y, Gao T, Liu J, Yang L, Jia X, Qian H, Wen T, An G. Aberrant O-glycosylation contributes to tumorigenesis in human colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4875-4885. [PMID: 29999571 PMCID: PMC6156240 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant O‐glycosylation is frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, but it is unclear if it contributes intrinsically to tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the biological consequences of aberrant O‐glycosylation in CRC. We first detected the expression profile of Tn antigen in a serial of human CRC tissues and then explored the genetic and biosynthetic mechanisms. Moreover, we used a human CRC cell line (LS174T), which express Tn antigen, to assess whether aberrant O‐glycosylation can directly promote oncogenic properties. It showed that Tn antigen was detected in around 86% human primary and metastatic CRC tissues. Bio‐functional investigations showed that T‐synthase and Cosmc were both impaired in cancer tissues. A further analysis detected an occurrence of hypermethylation of Cosmc gene, which possibly caused its loss‐of‐function and a consequent inactive T‐synthase. Transfection of LS174T cells with WT Cosmc restored mature O‐glycosylation, which subsequently down‐regulated cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptotic‐resistant ability. Significantly, the expression of MUC2, a heavily O‐glycosylated glycoprotein that plays an essential role in intestinal function, was uniformly reduced in human CRC tissues as well as in LS174T cells. These data suggest that aberrant O‐glycosylation contributes to the development of CRC through direct induction of oncogenic properties in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xichen Dong
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhang Hu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Jia
- Medical research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haili Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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86
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Zhang H, Sun L. When human cells meet bacteria: precision medicine for cancers using the microbiota. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1157-1175. [PMID: 30094091 PMCID: PMC6079160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota interacts with the host immune system in multiple ways to influence the development of diseases, including cancers; however, a detailed understanding of their relationship is unavailable. Accumulating evidence has only revealed an association rather than a causal link between microbial alterations and carcinogenesis. The regulatory loops among the microbiome, human cells and the immune system are far more complicated and require further studies to be revealed. In this review, we discuss the impact of the microbiota on cancer initiation, development and progression in different types of human cells, mainly focusing on the clinical translation from microbiome research to an accurate diagnosis, subtype classification and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeKunming 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Litao Sun
- The Scripps Laboratories for tRNA Synthetase Research, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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87
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T-Synthase Deficiency Enhances Oncogenic Features in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via Activation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9532389. [PMID: 30035127 PMCID: PMC6032660 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9532389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Immature truncated O-glycans such as Tn antigen are frequently detected in human colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the precise pathological consequences of Tn antigen expression on CRC are unknown. T-synthase is the key enzyme required for biosynthesis of mature O-glycans. Here we investigated the functional roles of Tn antigen expression mediated by T-synthase deficiency in CRC cells. Methods To knock out T-synthase, we used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target C1GALT1, the gene encoding T-synthase, in a CRC cell line (HCT116). Deletion of T-synthase was confirmed by western blotting, and expression of Tn antigen was determined by flow cytometry in HCT116 cells. We then assessed the biological effects of T-synthase deficiency on oncogenic behaviors in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the mechanistic role of T-synthase deficiency in cancer cells by determining the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway. Results We showed that forced knockout of T-synthase in HCT116 cells significantly induced Tn antigen expression, which represented the occurrence of aberrant O-glycosylation. Loss of T-synthase significantly enhanced cell proliferation and adhesion, as well as migration and invasiveness in culture. More importantly, we demonstrated that T-synthase deficiency directly induced classical EMT characteristics in cancer cells. E-cadherin, a typical epithelial cell marker, was markedly decreased in T-synthase knockout HCT 116 cells, accompanied by an enhanced expression of mesenchymal markers including snail and fibronectin (FN). Conclusions These findings indicate that T-synthase deficiency in CRC cells not only is responsible for aberrant O-glycosylation, but also triggers the molecular process of EMT pathway, which may translate to increased invasiveness and metastasis in cancers.
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88
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Leclaire C, Lecointe K, Gunning PA, Tribolo S, Kavanaugh DW, Wittmann A, Latousakis D, MacKenzie DA, Kawasaki N, Juge N. Molecular basis for intestinal mucin recognition by galectin-3 and C-type lectins. FASEB J 2018; 32:3301-3320. [PMID: 29401627 PMCID: PMC5976236 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucins trigger immune responses upon recognition by dendritic cells via protein-carbohydrate interactions. We used a combination of structural, biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based approaches to decipher the specificity of the interaction between mucin glycans and mammalian lectins expressed in the gut, including galectin (Gal)-3 and C-type lectin receptors. Gal-3 differentially recognized intestinal mucins with different O-glycosylation profiles, as determined by mass spectrometry (MS). Modification of mucin glycosylation, via chemical treatment leading to a loss of terminal glycans, promoted the interaction of Gal-3 to poly- N-acetyllactosamine. Specific interactions were observed between mucins and mouse dendritic cell-associated lectin (mDectin)-2 or specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin-related-1 (SIGN-R1), but not mDectin-1, using a cell-reporter assay, as also confirmed by atomic force spectroscopy. We characterized the N-glycosylation profile of mouse colonic mucin (Muc)-2 by MS and showed that the interaction with mDectin-2 was mediated by high-mannose N-glycans. Furthermore, we observed Gal-3 binding to the 3 C-type lectins by force spectroscopy. We showed that mDectin-1, mDectin-2, and SIGN-R1 are decorated by N-glycan structures that can be recognized by the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3. These findings provide a structural basis for the role of mucins in mediating immune responses and new insights into the structure and function of major mammalian lectins.-Leclaire, C., Lecointe, K., Gunning, P. A., Tribolo, S., Kavanaugh, D. W., Wittmann, A., Latousakis, D., MacKenzie, D. A., Kawasaki, N., Juge, N. Molecular basis for intestinal mucin recognition by galectin-3 and C-type lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Leclaire
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Lecointe
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick A. Gunning
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Tribolo
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Devon W. Kavanaugh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Wittmann
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Donald A. MacKenzie
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
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89
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Evans DR, Venkitachalam S, Revoredo L, Dohey AT, Clarke E, Pennell JJ, Powell AE, Quinn E, Ravi L, Gerken TA, Green JS, Woods MO, Guda K. Evidence for GALNT12 as a moderate penetrance gene for colorectal cancer. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1092-1101. [PMID: 29749045 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing moderate penetrance susceptibility genes is an emerging frontier in colorectal cancer (CRC) research. GALNT12 is a strong candidate CRC-susceptibility gene given previous linkage and association studies, and inactivating somatic and germline alleles in CRC patients. Previously, we found rare segregating germline GALNT12 variants in a clinic-based cohort (N = 118) with predisposition for CRC. Here, we screened a new population-based cohort of incident CRC cases (N = 479) for rare (MAF ≤1%) deleterious germline GALNT12 variants. GALNT12 screening revealed eight rare variants. Two variants were previously described (p.Asp303Asn, p.Arg297Trp), and additionally, we found six other rare variants: five missense (p.His101Gln, p.Ile142Thr, p.Glu239Gln, p.Thr286Met, p.Val290Phe) and one putative splice-altering variant (c.732-8 G>T). Sequencing of population-matched controls (N = 400) revealed higher burden of these variants in CRC cases compared with healthy controls (P = 0.0381). We then functionally characterized the impact of substitutions on GALNT12 enzyme activity using in vitro-derived peptide substrates. Three of the newly identified GALNT12 missense variants (p.His101Gln, p.Ile142Thr, p.Val290Phe) demonstrated a marked loss (>2-fold reduction) of enzymatic activity compared with wild-type (P ≤ 0.05), whereas p.Glu239Gln exhibited a ∼2-fold reduction in activity (P = 0.077). These findings provide strong, independent evidence for the association of GALNT12 defects with CRC-susceptibility; underscoring implications for glycosylation pathway defects in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Evans
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Srividya Venkitachalam
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Leslie Revoredo
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amanda T Dohey
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Erica Clarke
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Julia J Pennell
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Amy E Powell
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Erina Quinn
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lakshmeswari Ravi
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane S Green
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Kishore Guda
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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90
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Ubillos L, Berriel E, Mazal D, Victoria S, Barrios E, Osinaga E, Berois N. Polypeptide-GalNAc-T6 expression predicts better overall survival in patients with colon cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:225-234. [PMID: 29928405 PMCID: PMC6006374 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. O-glycosylated mucins at the cell surface of colonic mucosa exhibit alterations in cancer and are involved in fundamental biological processes, including invasion and metastasis. Certain members of the GalNAc-transferase family may be responsible for these changes and are being investigated as novel biomarkers of cancer. In the present study the prognostic significance of GalNAc-T6 was investigated in patients with CRC patients. GalNAc-T6 expression was observed in all three colon cancer cell lines analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. A cohort of 81 colon cancer specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining using MAb T6.3. It was demonstrated that GalNAc-T6 was expressed in 35/81 (43%) cases of colon cancer but not in the normal colonic mucosa. No association was observed with the clinical-pathologic parameters. However, patients expressing GalNAc-T6 had a significantly increased overall survival (median, 58 months; P<0.001) compared with GalNAc-T6 negative patients, especially those with advanced disease. These results suggest that GalNAc-T6 expression predicts an improved outcome in patients with CRC. The molecular mechanism underlying the less aggressive behavior of colon cancer cells expressing GalNAc-T6 remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ubillos
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.,Servicio de Oncología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Edgardo Berriel
- Clínica Quirúrgica 1, Hospital Pasteur, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Mazal
- Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Sabina Victoria
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Barrios
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Nora Berois
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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91
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Pearce OMT. Cancer glycan epitopes: biosynthesis, structure and function. Glycobiology 2018; 28:670-696. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M T Pearce
- Centre for Cancer & Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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92
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Jiang Y, Liu Z, Hu Y, Gao T, Wen T, An G. Correlation of Tn antigen expression with mucins in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1562-1568. [PMID: 31938254 PMCID: PMC6958097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Tn antigen expression, indicative of aberrant O-glycosylation, is frequently observed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and is proposed to play key roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Tn antigen appears to produce global effects on O-glycosylation of proteins, particularly on mucins. However, the association between expression of Tn antigen and mucins in CRC remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression profile of Tn antigen as well as MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4 in a series of human CRC tissues, with the aim of determining whether the Tn antigen has an influence on mucins in the development of CRC. Methods: Expression and localization of Tn antigen, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4 were determined by multiplex immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colonic sections from Chinese patients with primary CRC. Results: The data show that 65 of 78 (83.3%) patients with CRC were found to express Tn antigen, which was most often stained in the apical cell membranes, mucin droplets, and cytoplasm of the cancer tissues. No Tn antigen was detected in normal colonic tissues. Correspondingly, there were altered patterns in the expression of mucins. Compared with normal colonic tissues that were absent of Tn staining, MUC1 and MUC4 showed an up-regulated and diffuse expression pattern in cancer tissues that expressed Tn antigen, whereas MUC2 expression was significantly decreased in Tn-positive cancer tissues. Conclusions: These results indicate that Tn antigen expression is closely associated with altered expression of mucins in human CRC. Tn antigen may promote development of CRC through affecting the associated mucins expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yizhang Hu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tianbo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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93
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Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL. Gel-forming mucin interactome drives mucus viscoelasticity. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 252:69-82. [PMID: 29329667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a hydrogel that constitutes the first innate defense in all mammals. The main organic component of mucus, gel-forming mucins, forms a complex network through both reversible and irreversible interactions that drive mucus gel formation. Significant advances in the understanding of irreversible gel-forming mucins assembly have been made using recombinant protein approaches. However, little is known about the reversible interactions that may finely modulate mucus viscoelasticity, which can be characterized using rheology. This approach can be used to investigate both the nature of gel-forming mucins interactions and factors that influence hydrogel formation. This knowledge is directly relevant to the development of new drugs to modulate mucus viscoelasticity and to restore normal mucus functions in diseases such as in cystic fibrosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between the mucus protein matrix and its functions, with emphasis on mucus viscoelasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Gouyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tetsuharu Narita
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Desseyn
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, LIRIC UMR 995, F-59000 Lille, France.
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94
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A detection and quantification label-free tool to speed up downstream processing of model mucins. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190974. [PMID: 29315346 PMCID: PMC5760085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucins are high-molecular weight glycoproteins (0.25-20 MDa) containing one or more domains that are heavily O-glycosylated. Their implications as targets for cancer treatment have increased the interest in these glycoproteins, mainly in the fields of vaccines and antibodies. However, mucins present high heterogeneity, posing challenges that affect purification processes and quality control analysis. In that sense, it is necessary to develop and improve downstream processes and analytical methods to characterize these products. Here a tool based on biolayer interferometry analysis to improve mucin's detection and quantification in a fast, simple and label free-way is presented. Taking advantage of lectin recognition of mucins' carbohydrate structures, several lectins were evaluated and immobilized on streptavidin biosensors. Different assay conditions were optimized and the most suitable lectin, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), was selected. Bovine Submaxillary Gland and human MUC5B mucins were used as proof of concept and were successfully detected and quantified at different stages of purification. High sensitivity levels were achieved with LOD and LOQ of 3.8 μg mL-1 and 11.7 μg mL-1 for BSM, and 0.2 μg mL-1 and 0.6 μg mL-1 for MUC5B. AAL binding specificity was also confirmed with fucose competition assays. Our method represents an advance on mucins detection and quantification since the existing methods present several disadvantages for process development. Hereafter, it can be applied to the optimization of new or already established downstream processes for mucins' purification.
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95
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Abstract
Inflammasome signalling is an emerging pillar of innate immunity and has a central role in the regulation of gastrointestinal health and disease. Activation of the inflammasome complex mediates both the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and the execution of a form of inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. In most cases, these mediators of inflammation provide protection against bacterial, viral and protozoal infections. However, unchecked inflammasome activities perpetuate chronic inflammation, which underpins the molecular and pathophysiological basis of gastritis, IBD, upper and lower gastrointestinal cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity. Studies have also highlighted an inflammasome signature in the maintenance of gut microbiota and gut-brain homeostasis. Harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of the inflammasome could transform clinical practice in the treatment of acute and chronic gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal diseases. This Review presents an overview of inflammasome biology in gastrointestinal health and disease and describes the value of experimental and pharmacological intervention in the treatment of inflammasome-associated clinical manifestations.
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96
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Zhang L, Turner B, Ribbeck K, Ten Hagen KG. Loss of the mucosal barrier alters the progenitor cell niche via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21231-21242. [PMID: 29127201 PMCID: PMC5766965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucous barrier of our digestive tract is the first line of defense against pathogens and damage. Disruptions in this barrier are associated with diseases such as Crohn's disease, colitis, and colon cancer, but mechanistic insights into these processes and diseases are limited. We have previously shown that loss of a conserved O-glycosyltransferase (PGANT4) in Drosophila results in aberrant secretion of components of the peritrophic/mucous membrane in the larval digestive tract. Here, we show that loss of PGANT4 disrupts the mucosal barrier, resulting in epithelial expression of the IL-6-like cytokine Upd3, leading to activation of JAK/STAT signaling, differentiation of cells that form the progenitor cell niche, and abnormal proliferation of progenitor cells. This niche disruption could be recapitulated by overexpressing upd3 and rescued by deleting upd3, highlighting a crucial role for this cytokine. Moreover, niche integrity and cell proliferation in pgant4-deficient animals could be rescued by overexpression of the conserved cargo receptor Tango1 and partially rescued by supplementation with exogenous mucins or treatment with antibiotics. Our findings help elucidate the paracrine signaling events activated by a compromised mucosal barrier and provide a novel in vivo screening platform for mucin mimetics and other strategies to treat diseases of the oral mucosa and digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- From the Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370 and
| | - Bradley Turner
- the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- From the Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370 and
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97
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Ringel-Scaia VM, McDaniel DK, Allen IC. The Goldilocks Conundrum: NLR Inflammasome Modulation of Gastrointestinal Inflammation during Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Crit Rev Immunol 2017; 36:283-314. [PMID: 28322135 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017019158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have revealed significant insight into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathobiology. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the chronic relapsing clinical manifestations of IBD, are complex disorders with genetic and environmental influences. These diseases are associated with the dysregulation of immune tolerance, excessive inflammation, and damage to the epithelial cell barrier. Increasing evidence indicates that pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs), function to maintain immune system homeostasis, modulate the gastrointestinal microbiome, and promote proper intestinal epithelial cell regeneration and repair. New insights have revealed that NLR family members are essential components in maintaining this immune system homeostasis. To date, the vast majority of studies associated with NLRs have focused on family members that form a multiprotein signaling platform called the inflammasome. These signaling complexes are responsible for the cleavage and activation of the potent pleotropic cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and they facilitate a unique form of cell death defined as pyroptosis. In this review, we summarize the current paradigms associated with NLR inflammasome maintenance of immune system homeostasis in the gastrointestinal system. New concepts related to canonical and noncanonical inflammasome signaling, as well as the implications of classical and alternative inflammasomes in IBD pathogenesis, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M Ringel-Scaia
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Dylan K McDaniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Irving C Allen
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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98
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Microbiota is a major player in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarize the key advances achieved in the past 18 months (ending June 2017) toward a better understanding of the role of microbiota in colitis and CRC development. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence shows the essential role of intestinal barrier function (e.g. mucus, IgA, LCN2, LYPD8) in protecting against bacteria-induced inflammation and tumor development. Numerous signaling pathways (e.g. TLRs and NLRs), metabolites (e.g. indole, bile acids, retinoic acid) and small noncoding RNAs (e.g. miRNA) have been identified as key mediators regulating host-microbe interactions in the intestine. Novel microbial drivers of colitis and tumorigenesis (e.g. Alistipes finegoldii, Atopobium parvalum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius) have been identified and their disease-promoting activities have been described. SUMMARY IBD-associated colorectal cancer results from a complex breakdown of communication between the host and its microbiota, involving barrier function, immune signaling and metabolites.
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99
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Chen J, Pitmon E, Wang K. Microbiome, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:43-53. [PMID: 28982615 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is linked to the development of multiple cancers, including those of the colon. Inflammation in the gut induces carcinogenic mutagenesis and promotes colorectal cancer initiation. Additionally, myeloid and lymphoid cells infiltrate established tumors and propagate so called "tumor-elicited inflammation", which in turn favors cancer development by supporting the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition to the interaction between cancer cells and tumor infiltrating immune cells, the gut also hosts trillions of bacteria and other microbes, whose roles in colorectal inflammation and cancer have only been appreciated in the past decade or so. Commensal and pathobiotic bacteria promote colorectal cancer development by exploiting tumor surface barrier defects following cancer initiation, by invading normal colonic tissue and inducing local inflammation, and by generating genotoxicity against colonic epithelial cells to accelerate their oncogenic transformation. On the other hand, a balanced population of microbiota is important for the prevention of colorectal cancer due to their roles in providing certain bacterial metabolites and inhibiting intestinal inflammation. In this review we summarize our current knowledge regarding the link between microbiota, inflammation, and colorectal cancer, and aim to delineate the mechanisms by which gut microbiome and inflammatory cytokines regulate colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States
| | - Elise Pitmon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, United States.
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100
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Goso Y, Sugaya T, Ishihara K, Kurihara M. Comparison of Methods to Release Mucin-Type O-Glycans for Glycomic Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8870-8876. [PMID: 28723077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycans (O-glycans) are one of the most common glycans attached to proteins. To develop an optimized glycomic analysis protocol, O-glycans were released from glycoproteins using hydrazine, ammonia, or sodium hydroxide treatment, followed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography to evaluate O-glycan release. We found that porcine gastric mucin or bovine fetuin treated at 60 °C for 6 h with hydrazine gas in the presence of malonic acid yielded O-glycans with only a small amount of degraded, so-called "peeled" products. Ammonia treatment also yielded intact O-glycans but with additional peeled products containing GlcNAc at the reducing end. In contrast, sodium hydroxide treatment yielded mainly peeled glycans, including those containing GlcNAc at the reducing end. Importantly, O-glycans obtained from rat gastric mucin treated with hydrazine and labeled with anthranilic acid had a nearly identical profile following hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography as permethylated O-glycan alditols analyzed by mass spectroscopy. Taken together, the data suggest that glycan release using hydrazine treatment, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography after fluorescent labeling, is a suitable method for glycomic analysis of mucin-type O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Goso
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tsukiko Sugaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Kitasato Junior College of Health and Hygienic Sciences , Minami-uonuma 949-7241, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurihara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology , Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
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