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Mowry FE, Biancardi VC. Neuroinflammation in hypertension: the renin-angiotensin system versus pro-resolution pathways. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:279-291. [PMID: 31039397 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overstimulation of the pro-inflammatory pathways within brain areas responsible for sympathetic outflow is well evidenced as a primary contributing factor to the establishment and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. However, the precise mechanisms and stimuli responsible for promoting a pro-inflammatory state are not fully elucidated. Recent work has unveiled novel compounds derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which actively regulate the resolution of inflammation. Failure or dysregulation of the resolution process has been linked to a variety of chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the pathologic role of neuroinflammation in the hypertensive state, SPMs and their associated pathways may provide a link between hypertension and the long-standing association of dietary ω-3 PUFAs with cardioprotection. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the RAS-driven pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension, particularly in regards to the chronic low-grade neuroinflammatory response. In addition, we examine the potential for an impaired resolution of inflammation process in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Elisabeth Mowry
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA; Center for Neurosciences Research Initiative, Auburn University, Alabama, USA.
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Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Giménez E, Toscani AM. Fatty Acid Signaling Mechanisms in Neural Cells: Fatty Acid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:162. [PMID: 31105530 PMCID: PMC6491900 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids’ synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types. FAs can serve as secondary messengers, as well as modulators of enzymatic activities and substrates for cytokines synthesis. More recently, it has been documented a direct activity of free FAs as ligands of membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear receptors, and cumulative evidence has emerged, demonstrating its participation in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. It has been long known that the central nervous system is enriched with poly-unsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic (C20:4ω-6) or docosohexaenoic (C22:6ω-3) acids. These lipids participate in the regulation of membrane fluidity, axonal growth, development, memory, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, a whole family of low molecular weight compounds derived from FAs has also gained special attention as the natural ligands for cannabinoid receptors or key cytokines involved in inflammation, largely expanding the role of FAs as precursors of signaling molecules. Nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid signaling have been associated with developmental and cognitive problems, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism behind these effects still remains elusive. But in the last two decades, different families of proteins have been characterized as receptors mediating FAs signaling. This review focuses on different receptors sensing and transducing free FAs signals in neural cells: (1) membrane receptors of the family of G Protein Coupled Receptors known as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs); (2) cytosolic transport Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs); and (3) transcription factors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). We discuss how these proteins modulate and mediate direct regulatory functions of free FAs in neural cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of evaluating them as potential targets for drug design in order to manipulate lipid signaling. A thorough characterization of lipid receptors of the nervous system could provide a framework for a better understanding of their roles in neurophysiology and, potentially, help for the development of novel drugs against aging and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Jorge Falomir-Lockhart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gian Franco Cavazzutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Toscani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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Matsuo K, Cheng A, Yabuki Y, Takahata I, Miyachi H, Fukunaga K. Inhibition of MPTP-induced α-synuclein oligomerization by fatty acid-binding protein 3 ligand in MPTP-treated mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:164-174. [PMID: 30930168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) triggers dopaminergic (DAergic) neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). This pathological event is partly facilitated by the presence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), including arachidonic acid. The intracellular transport and metabolism of LC-PUFAs are mediated by fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). We previously reported that heart-type FABP (FABP3) interacts with αSyn, thereby promoting αSyn oligomerization in DAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) following 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment. This αSyn oligomerization is prevented in Fabp3 gene knock out mice. We document a novel FABP3 ligand, MF1 (4-(2-(1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)butanoic acid), that inhibits αSyn accumulation in DA neurons, thereby inhibiting the oligomerization of αSyn, loss of DAergic neurons, and PD-like motor deficits in MPTP-treated mice. Chronic oral administration of MF1 (0.3 or 1.0 mg/kg/day) significantly improved motor impairments and inhibited MPTP-induced accumulation and oligomerization of αSyn in the SNpc, and in turn prevented loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells in the SNpc. MF1 administration (0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg/day) also restored MPTP-induced cognitive impairments. Although chronic administration of l-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxl-l-phenylalanine; 25 mg/kg/day, i.p.) also improved motor deficits, it failed to improve the cognitive impairments. In addition, l-DOPA failed to inhibit DAergic neuronal loss and αSyn pathologies in the SNpc. In summary, the novel FABP3 ligand MF1 rescues MPTP-induced behavioural and neuropathological features, suggesting that MF1 may be a disease-modifying drug candidate for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - An Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ibuki Takahata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Lead Exploration Unit, Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Metz VG, Segat HJ, Dias VT, Barcelos RCS, Maurer LH, Stiebe J, Emanuelli T, Burger ME, Pase CS. Omega-3 decreases D1 and D2 receptors expression in the prefrontal cortex and prevents amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:182-189. [PMID: 30951972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) abuse is a serious public health problem due to the high addictive potential of this drug, whose use is related to severe brain neurotoxicity and memory impairments. So far, therapies for psychostimulant addiction have had limited efficacy. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have shown beneficial influences on the prevention and treatment of several diseases that affect the central nervous system. Here, we assessed the influence of fish oil (FO), which is rich in n-3 PUFA, on withdrawal and relapse symptoms following re-exposure to AMPH. Male Wistar rats received d,l-AMPH or vehicle in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm for 14 days. Then, half of each experimental group was treated with FO (3 g/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. Subsequently, animals were re-exposed to AMPH-CPP for three additional days, in order to assess relapse behavior. Our findings have evidenced that FO prevented relapse induced by AMPH reconditioning. While FO prevented AMPH-induced oxidative damages in the prefrontal cortex, molecular assays allowed us to observe that it was also able to modulate dopaminergic cascade markers (DAT, TH, VMAT-2, D1R and D2R) in the same brain area, thus preventing AMPH-induced molecular changes. To the most of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a natural alternative tool which is able to prevent psychostimulant relapse following drug withdrawal. This non-invasive and healthy nutraceutical may be considered as an adjuvant treatment in detoxification clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícia Garzella Metz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Hecson Jesser Segat
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Haselein Maurer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Stiebe
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências dos Alimentos - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Mehus AA, Dickey AM, Smith TPL, Yeater KM, Picklo MJ. Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Responsive Genes in the Juvenile Rat Cerebellum. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020407. [PMID: 30769946 PMCID: PMC6412889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence postnatal brain growth and development. However, little data exist regarding the impacts of dietary n-3 PUFA in juvenile animals post weaning, which is a time of rapid growth. We tested the hypothesis that depleting dietary n-3 PUFA would result in modifications to the cerebellar transcriptome of juvenile rats. To test this hypothesis, three week old male rats (an age that roughly corresponds to an 11 month old child in brain development) were fed diets containing either soybean oil (SO) providing 1.1% energy from α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3; ALA-sufficient) or corn oil (CO) providing 0.13% energy from ALA (ALA-deficient) for four weeks. Fatty acids (FAs) in the cerebellum were analyzed and revealed a 4-fold increase in n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5n-6), increases in arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA; 22:4n-6), but no decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), in animals fed CO versus SO. Transcript abundance was then characterized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two diets. Upper quartile (UQ) scaling and transcripts per million (TPM) data normalization identified 100 and 107 DEGs, respectively. Comparison of DEGs from the two normalization methods identified 70 genes that overlapped, with 90% having abundance differences less than 2-fold. Nr4a3, a transcriptional activator that plays roles in neuroprotection and learning, was elevated over 2-fold from the CO diet. These data indicate that expression of Nr4a3 in the juvenile rat cerebellum is responsive to dietary n-3 PUFA, but additional studies are needed clarify the neurodevelopmental relationships between n-3 PUFA and Nr4a3 and the resulting impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Mehus
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
| | - Aaron M Dickey
- USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.
| | | | - Matthew J Picklo
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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FABP3 in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Modulates the Methylation Status of the Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 Promoter Region. J Neurosci 2018; 38:10411-10423. [PMID: 30341178 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1285-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for brain development and function. Increasing evidence has shown that an imbalance of PUFAs is associated with various human psychiatric disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), cellular chaperones of PUFAs, are involved in PUFA intracellular trafficking, signal transduction, and gene transcription. In this study, we show that FABP3 is strongly expressed in the GABAergic inhibitory interneurons of the male mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is a component of the limbic cortex and is important for the coordination of cognitive and emotional behaviors. Interestingly, Fabp3 KO male mice show an increase in the expression of the gene encoding the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (Gad67) in the ACC. In the ACC of Fabp3 KO mice, Gad67 promoter methylation and the binding of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the Gad67 promoter are significantly decreased compared with those in WT mice. The abnormal cognitive and emotional behaviors of Fabp3 KO mice are restored by methionine administration. Notably, methionine administration normalizes Gad67 promoter methylation and its mRNA expression in the ACC of Fabp3 KO mice. These findings demonstrate that FABP3 is involved in the control of DNA methylation of the Gad67 promoter and activation of GABAergic neurons in the ACC, thus suggesting the importance of PUFA homeostasis in the ACC for cognitive and emotional behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The ACC is important for emotional and cognitive processing. However, the mechanisms underlying its involvement in the control of behavioral responses are largely unknown. We show the following new observations: (1) FABP3, a PUFA cellular chaperone, is exclusively expressed in GABAergic interneurons in the ACC; (2) an increase in Gad67 expression is detected in the ACC of Fabp3 KO mice; (3) the Gad67 promoter is hypomethylated and the binding of transcriptional repressor complexes is decreased in the ACC of Fabp3 KO mice; and (4) elevated Gad67 expression and abnormal behaviors seen in Fabp3 KO mice are mostly recovered by methionine treatment. These suggest that FABP3 regulates GABA synthesis through transcriptional regulation of Gad67 in the ACC.
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Lidich N, Garti-Levy S, Aserin A, Garti N. Potentiality of microemulsion systems in treatment of ophthalmic disorders: Keratoconus and dry eye syndrome - In vivo study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:226-232. [PMID: 30300828 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions are widely studied as potential ocular drug delivery vehicles. In the present study we show the versatility of possible use microemulsions as ocular delivery vehicle. The ME is loaded with a hydrophilic drug, riboflavin phosphate (RFP) and a lipophilic, docosahexaenoic acid in triglyceride form (TG-DHA), each separately. These drugs treat keratoconus and dry eye syndrome, respectively. The advantage of using ME loaded with RFP is in overcoming eye epithelium debridement during collagen cross-linking therapy for treatment of keratoconus. ME loaded with lipophilic TG-DHA provides convenient dosage in liquid aqueous form of administration of highly lipophilic TG-DHA, which is known as a protective molecule in dry eye syndrome. The capability of RFP-loaded MEs was demonstrated in terms of improvement of biomechanical strength of the rabbit cornea, as a result of successful penetration of RFP through the intact epithelium. TG-DHA-loaded microemulsion applied topically onto an eye with induced dry eye syndrome showed the significant relief of the dry eye condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lidich
- The Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sharon Garti-Levy
- Lyotropic Delivery Systems, High Tech Village, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Abraham Aserin
- The Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Nissim Garti
- The Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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Gokuldas PP, Singh SK, Tamuli MK, Naskar S, Vashi Y, Thomas R, Barman K, Pegu SR, Chethan SG, Agarwal SK. Dietary supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alters endometrial expression of genes involved in prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway in breeding sows (Sus scrofa). Theriogenology 2018; 110:201-208. [PMID: 29407902 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was designed to study the effect of dietary supplementation of omega-3 (n-3) PUFA on endometrial expression of fertility-related genes in breeding sows. Sixteen crossbred sows were randomized to receive diets containing 4% (wt/wt) flaxseed oil as n-3 PUFA source (TRT group) or iso-nitrogenous, iso-caloric standard control diet (CON group), starting from the first day of estrus up to 40 days and were artificially bred on the second estrus. Endometrial samples were collected during days 10-11 and 15-16 post-mating for studying relative expression profile of candidate genes viz. Prostaglandin F Synthase (PGFS), microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and Carbonyl Reductase-1 (CBR-1) using quantitative Real-Time PCR. Expression level of mPGES-1 gene transcript was 2.1-fold higher (P < 0.05) during 10-11 days of pregnancy and 1.4-fold higher (P > 0.05) during 15-16 days of pregnancy in TRT group as compared to CON group. Relative expression of PGFS gene transcript was significantly lower (P < 0.05) during 10-11 days of pregnancy in TRT group while there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of dietary supplementation during 15-16 days of pregnancy. Endometrial mRNA level of CBR1 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) with 3.93-fold decrease in TRT group during 10-11 days of pregnancy whereas 2.82-fold reduction in expression (P > 0.05) was observed subsequently during 15-16 days of pregnancy as compared to CON group. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary n-3 PUFA supplementation can modulate gene expression of key enzymes in prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway during early gestation, which in turn might have beneficial impact on overall reproductive response in breeding sows. These findings partly support strategic dietary supplementation of plant-based source of n-3 PUFA with an aim to improve overall reproductive performance in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Gokuldas
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India.
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - Madan K Tamuli
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Soumen Naskar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India; ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jharkhand, 834010, India
| | - Yoya Vashi
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Rajendran Thomas
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Keshab Barman
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Seema R Pegu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, 781131, India
| | - Sharma G Chethan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India
| | - Sudhir K Agarwal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, UP, 281122, India
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Brain Fatty Acid Composition and Inflammation in Mice Fed with High-Carbohydrate Diet or High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091277. [PMID: 30201883 PMCID: PMC6164611 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both high fat diet (HFD) and high carbohydrate diet (HCD) modulate brain fatty acids (FA) composition. Notwithstanding, there is a lack of information on time sequence of brain FA deposition either for HFD or HCD. The changes in brain FA composition in mice fed with HFD or HCD for 7, 14, 28, or 56 days were compared with results of 0 (before starting given the diets). mRNA expressions of allograft inflammatory factor 1 (Aif1), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox 2), F4/80, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), integrin subunit alpha m (Itgam), interleukin IL-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The HFD group had higher speed of deposition of saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) at the beginning of the experimental period. However, on day 56, the total amount of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA were similar. mRNA expressions of F4/80 and Itgam, markers of microglia infiltration, were increased (p < 0.05) in the brain of the HCD group whereas inflammatory marker index (IMI) was higher (46%) in HFD group. In conclusion, the proportion of fat and carbohydrates in the diet modulates the speed deposition of FA and expression of inflammatory gene markers.
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Anti-Oxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Supplementary Flaxseed on Oxidative Damage in the Hippocampus Area of a Rat Model of Hypoxia. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.60193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Das M, Das S. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Induced Morphological Differentiation of Astrocytes Is Associated with Transcriptional Upregulation and Endocytosis of β 2-AR. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2685-2702. [PMID: 30054857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important ω-3 fatty acid, is abundantly present in the central nervous system and is important in every step of brain development. Much of this knowledge has been based on studies of the role of DHA in the function of the neurons, and reports on its effect on the glial cells are few and far between. We have previously reported that DHA facilitates astrocyte differentiation in primary culture. We have further explored the signaling mechanism associated with this event. It was observed that a sustained activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) appeared to be critical for DHA-induced differentiation of the cultured astrocytes. Prior exposure to different endocytic inhibitors blocked both ERK activation and differentiation of the astrocytes during DHA treatment suggesting that the observed induction of ERK-2 was purely endosomal. Unlike the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) antagonist, atenolol, pre-treatment of the cells with the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) antagonist, ICI-118,551 inhibited the DHA-induced differentiation process, indicating a downstream involvement of β2-AR in the differentiation process. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated a significant induction in the mRNA and protein expression of β2-AR at 18-24 h of DHA treatment, suggesting that the induction of β2-AR may be due to transcriptional upregulation. Moreover, DHA caused activation of PKA at 6 h, followed by activation of downstream cAMP response element-binding protein, a known transcription factor for β2-AR. Altogether, the observations suggest that DHA upregulates β2-AR in astrocytes, which undergo endocytosis and signals for sustained endosomal ERK activation to drive the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitreyi Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sumantra Das
- Neurobiology Division, Cell Biology & Physiology Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Rey C, Nadjar A, Joffre F, Amadieu C, Aubert A, Vaysse C, Pallet V, Layé S, Joffre C. Maternal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary supply modulates microglia lipid content in the offspring. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 133:1-7. [PMID: 29789127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain is highly enriched in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) that are esterified into phospholipids, the major components of cell membranes. They accumulate during the perinatal period when the brain is rapidly developing. Hence, the levels of LC-PUFAs in the brains of the offspring greatly depend on maternal dietary intake. Perinatal n-3 PUFA consumption has been suggested to modulate the activity of microglial cells, the brain's innate immune cells which contribute to the shaping of neuronal network during development. However, the impact of maternal n-3 PUFA intake on microglial lipid composition in the offspring has never been studied. To investigate the impact of maternal dietary n-3 PUFA supply on microglia lipid composition, pregnant mice were fed with n-3 PUFA deficient, n-3 PUFA balanced or n-3 PUFA supplemented diets during gestation and lactation. At weaning, microglia were isolated from the pup's brains to analyze their fatty acid composition and phospholipid class levels. We here report that post-natal microglial cells displayed a distinctive lipid profile as they contained high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), more EPA than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and large amount of phosphatidylinositol (PI) / phosphatidylserine (PS). Maternal n-3 PUFA supply increased DHA levels and decreased n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) levels whereas the PI/PS membrane content was inversely correlated to the quantity of PUFAs in the diet. These results raise the possibility of modulating microglial lipid profile and their subsequent activity in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rey
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; ITERG, Institut des corps gras, Canéjan 33610, France
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | | | - Camille Amadieu
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Agnès Aubert
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Institut des corps gras, Canéjan 33610, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France; Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux 33076, France.
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Dieriks BV, Dean JM, Aronica E, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Curtis MA. Differential Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Expression in Persistent Radial Glia in the Human and Sheep Subventricular Zone. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:145-161. [PMID: 29680832 DOI: 10.1159/000487633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of transport proteins that facilitate intracellular transport of fatty acids. Despite abundant expression in the brain, the role that FABPs play in the process of cell proliferation and migration in the subventricular zone (SVZ) remains unclear. Our results provide a detailed characterisation of FABP3, 5, and 7 expression in adult and fetal human and sheep SVZ. High FABP5 expression was specifically observed in the adult human SVZ and co-labelled with polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), GFAPδ, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), indicating a role for FABP5 throughout the full maturation process of astrocytes and neuroblasts. Some FABP5+ cells had a radial glial-like appearance and co-labelled with the radial glia markers vimentin (40E-C) and GFAP. In the fetal human brain, FABP5 was expressed by radial glia cells throughout the ventricular zone. In contrast, radial glia-like cells in sheep highly expressed FABP3. Taken together, these differences highlight the species-specific expression profile of FABPs in the SVZ. In this study, we demonstrate the distribution of FABP in the adult human SVZ and fetal ventricular zone and reveal its expression on persistent radial glia that may be involved in adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Victor Dieriks
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Zhang AC, MacIsaac RJ, Roberts L, Kamel J, Craig JP, Busija L, Downie LE. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for improving peripheral nerve health: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020804. [PMID: 29581208 PMCID: PMC5875591 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Damage to peripheral nerves occurs in a variety of health conditions. Preserving nerve integrity, to prevent progressive nerve damage, remains a clinical challenge. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are implicated in the development and maintenance of healthy nerves and may be beneficial for promoting peripheral nerve health. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of oral omega-3 PUFA supplementation on peripheral nerve integrity, including both subjective and objective measures of peripheral nerve structure and/or function. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review of randomised controlled trials that have evaluated the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on peripheral nerve assessments will be conducted. Comprehensive electronic database searches will be performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), US National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The title, abstract and keywords of identified articles will be assessed for eligibility by two reviewers. Full-text articles will be obtained for all studies judged as eligible or potentially eligible; these studies will be independently assessed by two reviewers to determine eligibility. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus. Risk of bias assessment will be performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool to appraise the quality of included studies. If clinically meaningful, and there are a sufficient number of eligible studies, a meta-analysis will be conducted and a summary of findings table will be provided. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This is a systematic review that will involve the analysis of previously published data, and therefore ethics approval is not required. A manuscript reporting the results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and may also be presented at relevant scientific conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018086297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ceecee Zhang
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie Roberts
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jordan Kamel
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lucy Busija
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Improvements in the conception rate, milk composition and embryo quality of rabbit does after dietary enrichment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Animal 2018; 12:2080-2088. [PMID: 29332610 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117003706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This work attempts to confirm the effect of an enriched diet with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) trying to mitigate the reproductive performances issues such as low conception rate of primiparous rabbits. A total of 127 does were fed ad libitum throughout their two first cycles with two diets with different fat sources: mixed fat in the control and salmon oil in the enriched one, with 3.19 g/100 g (n=63 does) and 28.77 g/100 g (n=64 does) of n-3 of the total fatty acid, respectively. Feed intake was similar between groups (P>0.05). Plasma progesterone concentration was higher in the enriched females than in control ones at 7 (30.9±2.18 v. 23.9±2.30 ng/ml, respectively; P=0.029) and 14 (38.7±2.18 v. 28.2±2.30 ng/ml, respectively; P=0.001) days of first gestation. Considering both cycles, reproductive parameters of mothers (fertility, duration of gestation and prolificacy) and litter parameters (weight at parturition and weaning, mortality and average daily gain (ADG) of kits during lactation) were similar in both groups. However, individual measurements of neonates of enriched group improved 5.87%, 7.10% and 18.01% (P0.05), but embryo apoptosis rate was higher in control group than in enriched one (31.1±4.56% v. 17.1±3.87%, respectively; P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary PUFA enrichment from the rearing and throughout two productive cycles improved plasma progesterone during pregnancy, fertility, milk fatty acid profile and neonates development of primiparous supporting the beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation in rabbit does.
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Su KP, Yang HT, Chang JPC, Shih YH, Guu TW, Kumaran SS, Gałecki P, Walczewska A, Pariante CM. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have different effects on peripheral phospholipase A2 gene expressions in acute depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 28648567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proven critical in the development and management of major depressive disorder (MDD) by a number of epidemiological, clinical and preclinical studies, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this therapeutic action are yet to be understood. Although eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) seems to be the active component of omega-3 PUFAs' antidepressant effects, the biological research about the difference of specific genetic regulations between EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the two main components of omega-3 PUFAs, is still lacking in human subjects. METHODS We conducted a 12-week randomized-controlled trial comparing the effects of EPA and DHA on gene expressions of phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), serotonin transporter (5HTT), and Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH-2) in 27 MDD patients. In addition, the erythrocyte PUFA compositions and the candidate gene expressions were also compared between these 27 MDD patients and 22 healthy controls. RESULTS EPA was associated with a significant decrease in HAM-D scores (CI: -13 to -21, p<0.001) and significant increases in erythrocyte levels of EPA (CI: +1.0% to +2.9%, p=0.001) and DHA (CI: +2.9% to +5.6%, p=0.007). DHA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in HAM-D scores (CI: -6 to -14, p<0.001) and a significant increase in DHA levels (CI: +0.2% to +2.3%, p=0.047), but not of EPA levels. The cPLA2 gene expression levels were significantly increased in patients received EPA (1.9 folds, p=0.038), but not DHA (1.08 folds, p=0.92). There was a tendency for both EPA and DHA groups to decrease COX-2 gene expressions. The gene expressions of COX-2, cPLA2, TPH-2 and 5-HTT did not differ between MDD cases and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS EPA differentiates from DHA in clinical antidepressant efficacy and in upregulating cPLA2 gene regulations, which supports the clinical observation showing the superiority of EPA's antidepressant effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02615405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; College of Medicine & Brain Disease Research Center (BDRC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; College of Medicine & Brain Disease Research Center (BDRC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hua Shih
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine & Brain Disease Research Center (BDRC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Guu
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Satyanarayanan Senthil Kumaran
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fernandes MF, Tache MC, Klingel SL, Leri F, Mutch DM. Safflower (n-6) and flaxseed (n-3) high-fat diets differentially regulate hypothalamic fatty acid profiles, gene expression, and insulin signalling. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 128:67-73. [PMID: 29413363 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have important signalling roles in the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that regulates whole-body energy homeostasis. While evidence suggests that high PUFA intake can impact hypothalamic activity, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulated by essential dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA (i.e., linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively) remain poorly described in this brain region. To differentiate the roles of essential dietary PUFA on hypothalamic function, we fed male rats high-fat diets (35% kcal/d) containing either safflower (linoleic acid) or flaxseed (α-linolenic acid) oil for 2 months. Control rats were fed a low-fat (16% kcal/d) diet containing soybean oil. Hypothalamic fatty acids and gene expression were investigated by gas chromatography and microarray, respectively. Safflower-fed rats had higher total n-6 PUFA content due to increases in linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and osbond acid compared to the other diet groups, while flaxseed-fed rats had higher total n-3 content due to increases in α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Safflower-fed rats showed augmented expression of genes related to hypothalamic insulin signalling compared to controls. This was mirrored by significant increases in phosphorylated AKTthr308 and AKTser473 levels; indicative of increased PI(3)K/AKT pathway activity. These changes were not observed in the hypothalamus of flaxseed-fed rats. Our findings provide new molecular insights into how essential fatty acids influence the hypothalamus and, potentially, whole-body energy homeostasis. This work also provides new knowledge to better understand the impact of essential fatty acids on metabolic and behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Fernandes
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1; Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Maria Cristina Tache
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Layé S, Nadjar A, Joffre C, Bazinet RP. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:12-38. [PMID: 29217656 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were largely thought to be relatively inert structural components of brain, largely important for the formation of cellular membranes. Over the past 10 years, a host of bioactive lipid mediators that are enzymatically derived from arachidonic acid, the main n-6 PUFA, and docosahexaenoic acid, the main n-3 PUFA in the brain, known to regulate peripheral immune function, have been detected in the brain and shown to regulate microglia activation. Recent advances have focused on how PUFA regulate the molecular signaling of microglia, especially in the context of neuroinflammation and behavior. Several active drugs regulate brain lipid signaling and provide proof of concept for targeting the brain. Because brain lipid metabolism relies on a complex integration of diet, peripheral metabolism, including the liver and blood, which supply the brain with PUFAs that can be altered by genetics, sex, and aging, there are many pathways that can be disrupted, leading to altered brain lipid homeostasis. Brain lipid signaling pathways are altered in neurologic disorders and may be viable targets for the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we discuss in particular how n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites regulate microglia phenotype and function to exert their anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layé
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
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Lindquist DM, Asch RH, Schurdak JD, McNamara RK. Effects of dietary-induced alterations in rat brain docosahexaenoic acid accrual on phospholipid metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics: An in vivo 31P MRS study. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:143-146. [PMID: 28846858 PMCID: PMC5653412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) studies suggest that different psychiatric disorders, which typically emerge during adolescence and young adulthood, are associated with abnormalities in mitochondrial bioenergetics and membrane phospholipid metabolism. These disorders are also associated with deficits in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which accumulates in mitochondrial and synaptic membranes. The present study investigated the effects of dietary-induced alterations in brain DHA accrual during adolescence on phospholipid metabolism and bioenergetics in the adult rat brain using 31P MRS. During the peri-adolescent period (P21-P90), male rats were fed a diet with no n-3 fatty acids (Deficient, DEF, n = 20), a diet fortified with preformed DHA (fish oil, FO, n = 20), or a control diet fortified with alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, n = 20). On P90, 31P MRS was performed under isoflurane anesthetic using a 7 T Bruker Biospec system. Compared with controls, brain DHA levels were significantly lower in adult rats fed the DEF diet (-17%, p ≤ 0.0001) and significantly higher in rats fed the FO diet (+14%, p ≤ 0.0001). There were no significant group differences for indices of bioenergetics, including adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine levels, or indices of membrane phospholipid metabolism including phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters. Therefore, the present 31P MRS data suggest that rat brain DHA levels are not a significant predictor of mitochondrial bioenergetics or membrane phospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Lindquist
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnat, OH 45229
| | - Ruth H. Asch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Jennifer D. Schurdak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Robert K. McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267,Corresponding author: Robert K. McNamara, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516, PH: 513-558-5601, FAX: 513-558-4805,
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Rossi M, Spichty M, Attorri L, Distante C, Nervi C, Salvati S, Vitelli L. Eicosapentaenoic acid modulates the synergistic action of CREB1 and ID/E2A family members in the rat pup brain and mouse embryonic stem cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:870-884. [PMID: 28666847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism by which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may exert neuroprotective effects through an "EPA-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)" signaling pathway. The current study reveals that EPA modulates the exquisite interplay of interaction of CREB1 with the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) and E2A family members, thereby delivering mechanistic insights into specific neural differentiation program. In this scenario, our work provides evidence for the capability of CREB1 to sequester ID:E2A family members in brain tissues and neural differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) through formation of a [CREB1]2:ID2:E47 tetrameric complex.In essence, the molecular function of CREB1 is to dynamically regulate the location-specific assembly or disassembly of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH):HLH protein complexes to mediate the activation of neural/glial target genes. Together, these findings support the one-to-many binding mechanism of CREB1 and indicate that EPA treatment potentiates the integration of CREB dependent signaling with HLH/bHLH transcriptional network, adding specificity to the CREB1-mediated gene regulation during neural/glial differentiation. Our current research on the EPA-CREB axis could reveal new molecular targets for treating neurogenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Spichty
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, Lyon University, ENS Lyon, University Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, 46 allée d'Italie, Site Jacques Monod, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lucilla Attorri
- Department of Public Veterinary Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Distante
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Serafina Salvati
- Department of Public Veterinary Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Diabetes-induced abnormalities of mitochondrial function in rat brain cortex: the effect of n-3 fatty acid diet. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 435:109-131. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hopiavuori BR, Agbaga MP, Brush RS, Sullivan MT, Sonntag WE, Anderson RE. Regional changes in CNS and retinal glycerophospholipid profiles with age: a molecular blueprint. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:668-680. [PMID: 28202633 PMCID: PMC5392743 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a quantitative molecular blueprint of the three major glycerophospholipid (GPL) classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), in retina and six regions of the brain in C57Bl6 mice at 2, 10, and 26 months of age. We found an age-related increase in molecular species containing saturated and monoenoic FAs and an overall decrease in the longer-chain PUFA molecular species across brain regions, with loss of DHA-containing molecular species as the most consistent and dramatic finding. Although we found very-long-chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) (C28) in PC in the retina, no detectable levels were found in any brain region at any of the ages examined. All brain regions (except hippocampus and retina) showed a significant increase with age in PE plasmalogens. All three retina GPLs had di-PUFA molecular species (predominantly 44:12), which were most abundant in PS (∼30%). In contrast, low levels of di-PUFA GPL (1-2%) were found in all regions of the brain. This study provides a regional and age-related assessment of the brain's lipidome with a level of detail, inclusion, and quantification that has not heretofore been published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Hopiavuori
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Richard S Brush
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Michael T Sullivan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - William E Sonntag
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Robert E Anderson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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"Neuronal-Like Differentiation of Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Line: Stimulation by Juglans regia L. Oil". Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:385-395. [PMID: 28289857 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been extensively used for cell-based therapies especially in neuronal diseases. Studies still continue to delineate mechanisms involved in differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells under experimental conditions as they have low mortality rate and hence, the number of cells available for experiments is much more limited. Culturing and differentiating of neuronal cell is more challenging as they do not undergo cell division thus, bringing them to differentiate proves to be a difficult task. Here, the aim of this study is to investigate whether Juglans regia L. (walnut oil) differentiates multipotent, C3H10T1/2 cells, a murine mesenchymal stem cell line, into neuronal cells. A simple treatment protocol induced C3H10T1/2 cells to exhibit a neuronal phenotype. With this optimal differentiation protocol, almost all cells exhibited neuronal morphology. The cell bodies extended long processes. C3H10T1/2 cells were plated and treated with walnut oil post 24 h of plating. The treatment was given (with walnut oil treated cultures with or without control cultures) at different concentrations. The cultured cells were then stained with cresyl violet acetate solution which was used to stain the Nissl substance in the cytoplasm of the induced neuronal culture. The results indicated that the C3H10T1/2 cells differentiated into neuronal-like cells with long outgrowths of axon-like structures able to take up the cresyl violet acetate stain indicating their preliminary differentiation into neuronal-like morphology with walnut oil treatment. Treating the mesenchymal stem cells can in future establish a cultured mesenchymal stem cell line as neuronal differentiating cell line model.
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Stark AH, Reifen R, Crawford MA. Past and Present Insights on Alpha-linolenic Acid and the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Family. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2261-7. [PMID: 25774650 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.828678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is the parent essential fatty acid of the omega-3 family. This family includes docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which has been conserved in neural signaling systems in the cephalopods, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, mammals, primates, and humans. This extreme conservation, in spite of wide genomic changes of over 500 million years, testifies to the uniqueness of this molecule in the brain and affirms the importance of omega-3 fatty acids. While DHA and its close precursor, eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), have received much attention by the research community, ALA, as the precursor of both, has been considered of little interest. There are many papers on ALA requirements in experimental animals. Unlike humans, rats and mice can readily convert ALA to EPA and DHA, so it is unclear whether the effect is solely due to the conversion products or to ALA itself. The intrinsic role of ALA has yet to be defined. This paper will discuss both recent and historical findings related to this distinctive group of fatty acids, and will highlight the physiological significance of the omega-3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza H Stark
- a School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Ram Reifen
- a School of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
| | - Michael A Crawford
- b Division of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College , Chelsea and Westminster Campus , London , UK
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Joffre C, Grégoire S, De Smedt V, Acar N, Bretillon L, Nadjar A, Layé S. Modulation of brain PUFA content in different experimental models of mice. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:1-10. [PMID: 27926457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relative amounts of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) govern the different functions of the brain. Their brain levels depend on structures considered, on fatty acid dietary supply and the age of animals. To have a better overview of the different models available in the literature we here compared the brain fatty acid composition in various mice models (C57BL/6J, CD1, Fat-1, SAMP8 mice) fed with different n-3 PUFA diets (deficient, balanced, enriched) in adults and aged animals. Our results demonstrated that brain AA and DHA content is 1) structure-dependent; 2) strain-specific; 3) differently affected by dietary approaches when compared to genetic model of PUFA modulation; 4) different in n-3 PUFA deficient aged C57BL6/J when compared to SAMP8 mouse model of aging. From these experiments, we highlight the difficulty to compare results obtained in different mouse models, different strains, different brain regions and different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Véronique De Smedt
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- UMR CSGA 1324 INRA - 6265 CNRS - Université de Bourgogne, Eye, Nutrition and Signalization Research Group, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, Franceb University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Ogundipe E, Johnson MR, Wang Y, Crawford MA. Peri-conception maternal lipid profiles predict pregnancy outcomes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:35-43. [PMID: 27926462 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, healthy women and those at high-risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes) were selected to assess the effect of fatty acid supplementation. The purpose of this paper is to report two novel findings (i) at recruitment the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for erythrocyte oleic acid predicted spontaneous delivery at 34 weeks gestation (ROC=0.926 n=296) for all women entering the study. Further analysis revealed oleic and all monounsaturated fatty acids were similarly predictive with or without a supplement during the pregnancy. (ii) At delivery, we observed a biomagnification of saturated fatty acids from mother to fetus with the reverse for monounsaturates. The major conclusions are (i) the status of the mother in the months prior to conception is a stronger predictor of preterm delivery than the events during the pregnancy. (ii) Saturated fats may be playing an important function in supporting fetal membrane growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitan Ogundipe
- Neonatal unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, Division of Medicine, Imperial college, London, UK
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Michael A Crawford
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
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Berti C, Cetin I, Agostoni C, Desoye G, Devlieger R, Emmett PM, Ensenauer R, Hauner H, Herrera E, Hoesli I, Krauss-Etschmann S, Olsen SF, Schaefer-Graf U, Schiessl B, Symonds ME, Koletzko B. Pregnancy and Infants' Outcome: Nutritional and Metabolic Implications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:82-91. [PMID: 24628089 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.745477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex period of human growth, development, and imprinting. Nutrition and metabolism play a crucial role for the health and well-being of both mother and fetus, as well as for the long-term health of the offspring. Nevertheless, several biological and physiological mechanisms related to nutritive requirements together with their transfer and utilization across the placenta are still poorly understood. In February 2009, the Child Health Foundation invited leading experts of this field to a workshop to critically review and discuss current knowledge, with the aim to highlight priorities for future research. This paper summarizes our main conclusions with regards to maternal preconceptional body mass index, gestational weight gain, placental and fetal requirements in relation to adverse pregnancy and long-term outcomes of the fetus (nutritional programming). We conclude that there is an urgent need to develop further human investigations aimed at better understanding of the basis of biochemical mechanisms and pathophysiological events related to maternal-fetal nutrition and offspring health. An improved knowledge would help to optimize nutritional recommendations for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berti
- a Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hospital 'L. Sacco', and Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - I Cetin
- a Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hospital 'L. Sacco', and Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - C Agostoni
- b Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - G Desoye
- c Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - R Devlieger
- d Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , University Hospitals K.U. Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - P M Emmett
- e Centre for Child & Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine , University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - R Ensenauer
- f Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - H Hauner
- g Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - E Herrera
- h Unit of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Universidad San Pablo CEU , Madrid , Spain
| | - I Hoesli
- i Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University Hospital of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - S Krauss-Etschmann
- j Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital , Munich , Germany.,k Helmholtz Zentrum München , Munich , Germany
| | - S F Olsen
- l Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - U Schaefer-Graf
- m Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Berlin Center for Diabetes & Pregnancy, St. Joseph Hospital , Berlin , Germany
| | - B Schiessl
- n Fetal Maternal Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - M E Symonds
- o The Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Academic Child Health, School of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - B Koletzko
- p Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , University of Munich Medical Centre , Munich , Germany
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid has been conserved in neural signalling systems in the cephalopods, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds, mammals, primates and humans. This extreme conservation, despite wide genomic changes over 500 million years, testifies to a uniqueness of this molecule in the brain. The brain selectively incorporates docosahexaenoic acid and its rate of incorporation into the developing brain has been shown to be greater than ten times more efficient than its synthesis from the omega 3 fatty acids of land plant origin. Data has now been published demonstrating a significant influence of dietary omega 3 fatty acids on neural gene expression. As docosahexaenoic acid is the only omega 3 fatty acid in the brain, it is likely that it is the ligand involved. The selective uptake, requirement for function and stimulation of gene expression would have conferred an advantage to a primate which separated from the chimpanzees in the forests and woodlands and sought a different ecological niche. In view of the paucity of docosahexaenoic acid in the land food chain it is likely that the advantage would have been gained from a lacustrine or marine coastal habitat with access to food rich in docosahexaenoic acid and the accessory micronutrients, such as iodine, zinc, copper, manganese and selenium, of importance in brain development and protection against peroxidation. Land agricultural development has, in recent time, come to dominate the human food chain. The decline in use and availability of aquatic resources is not considered important by Langdon (2006) as he considers the resource was not needed for human evolution and can be replaced from the terrestrial food chain. This notion is not supported by the biochemistry nor the molecular biology. He misses the point that the shoreline hypothesis is not just dependent on docosahexaenoic acid but also on the other accessory nutrients specifically required by the brain. Moreover he neglects the basic principle of Darwinian evolution. The well documented greater efficiency of preformed docosahexaenoic acid for brain incorporation during development would have conferred a distinct survival advantage over those without it. All terrestrial mammals lost brain capacity in relation to advancing increase in body size. The rise in mental ill health and brain disorders, to replace all other costs in the European list of burdens of ill health, (Andlin Sobocki et al., 2005) raises interesting questions as to its association with the reduced availability and consumption of marine and fresh water products. The threat posed by the continued rise in brain disorders also raises questions of importance to present and future food and agricultural policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Crawford
- Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Rd, London N7 8DB, UK.
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Scaini G, Rezin GT, Carvalho AF, Streck EL, Berk M, Quevedo J. Mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder: Evidence, pathophysiology and translational implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:694-713. [PMID: 27377693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric illness characterized by severe and biphasic changes in mood. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to underpin the neurobiology of BD, including the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. A confluence of evidence points to an underlying dysfunction of mitochondria, including decreases in mitochondrial respiration, high-energy phosphates and pH; changes in mitochondrial morphology; increases in mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms; and downregulation of nuclear mRNA molecules and proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival or death as regulators of both energy metabolism and cell survival and death pathways. Thus, in this review, we discuss the genetic and physiological components of mitochondria and the evidence for mitochondrial abnormalities in BD. The final part of this review discusses mitochondria as a potential target of therapeutic interventions in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine T Rezin
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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81
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Cancelier K, Gomes LM, Carvalho-Silva M, Teixeira LJ, Rebelo J, Mota IT, Arent CO, Mariot E, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Quevedo J, Scaini G, Streck EL. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Mood Stabilizers Alter Behavioural and Energy Metabolism Parameters in Animals Subjected to an Animal Model of Mania Induced by Fenproporex. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3935-3947. [PMID: 27246566 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that changes in energy metabolism are involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). It was suggested that omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids have beneficial properties in the central nervous system and that this fatty acid plays an important role in energy metabolism. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of ω3 fatty acids alone and in combination with lithium (Li) or valproate (VPA) on behaviour and parameters of energy metabolism in an animal model of mania induced by fenproporex. Our results showed that co-administration of ω3 fatty acids and Li was able to prevent and reverse the increase in locomotor and exploratory activity induced by fenproporex. The combination of ω3 fatty acids with VPA was only able to prevent the fenproporex-induced hyperactivity. For the energy metabolism parameters, our results showed that the administration of Fen for the reversal or prevention protocol inhibited the activities of succinate dehydrogenase, complex II and complex IV in the hippocampus. However, hippocampal creatine kinase (CK) activity was decreased only for the reversal protocol. The ω3 fatty acids, alone and in combination with VPA or Li, prevented and reversed the decrease in complex II, IV and succinate dehydrogenase activity, whereas the decrease in CK activity was only reversed after the co-administration of ω3 fatty acids and VPA. In conclusion, our results showed that the ω3 fatty acids combined with VPA or Li were able to prevent and reverse manic-like hyperactivity and the inhibition of energy metabolism in the hippocampus, suggesting that ω3 fatty acids may play an important role in the modulation of behavioural parameters and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizzy Cancelier
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Letícia J Teixeira
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Joyce Rebelo
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabella T Mota
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila O Arent
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edemilson Mariot
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiza W Kist
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maurício R Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Ste. 5102, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. .,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Ste. 5102, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Emilio L Streck
- Laboratório de Bioenergética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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82
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Kim SW, Jhon M, Kim JM, Smesny S, Rice S, Berk M, Klier CM, McGorry PD, Schäfer MR, Amminger GP. Relationship between Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and Psychopathology in the Vienna Omega-3 Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151417. [PMID: 26963912 PMCID: PMC4786267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (FA) levels and the severity of symptoms of individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. Subjects of the present study consisted of 80 neuroleptic-naïve UHR patients. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between baseline erythrocyte membrane FA levels, measured by gas chromatography, and scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) after controlling for age, sex, smoking and cannabis use. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the predominance of positive or negative symptoms based on PANSS subscale scores; membrane FA levels in the three groups were then compared. More severe negative symptoms measured by PANSS were negatively correlated with two saturated FAs (myristic and margaric acids), one ω-9 monounsaturated FA (MUFA; nervonic acid), and one ω-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA; docosapentaenoic acid), and were positively correlated with two ω-9 MUFAs (eicosenoic and erucic acids) and two ω-6 PUFAs (γ-linolenic and docosadienoic acids). More severe positive symptoms measured by PANSS were correlated only with nervonic acid. No associations were observed between FAs and MADRS scores. In subjects with predominant negative symptoms, the sum of the ω-9 MUFAs and the ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio were both significantly higher than in those with predominant positive symptoms, whereas the sum of ω-3 PUFAs was significantly lower. In conclusion, abnormalities in FA metabolism may contribute to the neurobiology of psychopathology in UHR individuals. In particular, membrane FA alterations may play a role in negative symptoms, which are primary psychopathological manifestations of schizophrenia-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Claudia M Klier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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83
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in the brain and can affect neurological function by modulating signal transduction pathways, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, myelination, membrane receptor function, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, membrane integrity and membrane organization. DHA is rapidly accumulated in the brain during gestation and early infancy, and the availability of DHA via transfer from maternal stores impacts the degree of DHA incorporation into neural tissues. The consumption of DHA leads to many positive physiological and behavioral effects, including those on cognition. Advanced cognitive function is uniquely human, and the optimal development and aging of cognitive abilities has profound impacts on quality of life, productivity, and advancement of society in general. However, the modern diet typically lacks appreciable amounts of DHA. Therefore, in modern populations, maintaining optimal levels of DHA in the brain throughout the lifespan likely requires obtaining preformed DHA via dietary or supplemental sources. In this review, we examine the role of DHA in optimal cognition during development, adulthood, and aging with a focus on human evidence and putative mechanisms of action.
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84
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Weiser MJ, Butt CM, Mohajeri MH. Docosahexaenoic Acid and Cognition throughout the Lifespan. Nutrients 2016; 8:99. [PMID: 26901223 PMCID: PMC4772061 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the predominant omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) found in the brain and can affect neurological function by modulating signal transduction pathways, neurotransmission, neurogenesis, myelination, membrane receptor function, synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation, membrane integrity and membrane organization. DHA is rapidly accumulated in the brain during gestation and early infancy, and the availability of DHA via transfer from maternal stores impacts the degree of DHA incorporation into neural tissues. The consumption of DHA leads to many positive physiological and behavioral effects, including those on cognition. Advanced cognitive function is uniquely human, and the optimal development and aging of cognitive abilities has profound impacts on quality of life, productivity, and advancement of society in general. However, the modern diet typically lacks appreciable amounts of DHA. Therefore, in modern populations, maintaining optimal levels of DHA in the brain throughout the lifespan likely requires obtaining preformed DHA via dietary or supplemental sources. In this review, we examine the role of DHA in optimal cognition during development, adulthood, and aging with a focus on human evidence and putative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Weiser
- DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Christopher M Butt
- DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - M Hasan Mohajeri
- DSM Nutritional Products, R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Basel, Switzerland.
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85
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Quercetin protects against aluminium induced oxidative stress and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via activation of the PGC-1α signaling pathway. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:116-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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86
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Methylmercury Increases and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Decreases the Relative Amounts of Arachidonic Acid-Containing Phospholipids in Mouse Brain. Lipids 2015; 51:61-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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87
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Abstract
Possibly the best-characterized cubic membrane transition has been observed in the mitochondrial inner membranes of free-living giant amoeba (Chaos carolinense). In this ancient organism, the cells are able to survive in extreme environments such as lack of food, thermal and osmolarity fluctuations and high levels of reactive oxygen species. Their mitochondrial inner membranes undergo rapid changes in three-dimensional organization upon food depletion, providing a valuable model to study this subcellular adaptation. Our data show that cubic membrane is enriched with unique ether phospholipids, plasmalogens carrying very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, we propose that these phospholipids may not only facilitate cubic membrane formation but may also provide a protective shelter to RNA. The potential interaction of cubic membrane with RNA may reduce the amount of RNA oxidation and promote more efficient protein translation. Thus, recognizing the role of cubic membranes in RNA antioxidant systems might help us to understand the adaptive mechanisms that have evolved over time in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences , Changzhou University, Changzhou , Jiangsu 213164 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zakaria A Almsherqi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597 , Republic of Singapore
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88
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Sopian NFA, Ajat M, Shafie NI, Noor MHM, Ebrahimi M, Rajion MA, Meng GY, Ahmad H. Does Short-Term Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Influence Brain Hippocampus Gene Expression of Zinc Transporter-3? Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15800-10. [PMID: 26184176 PMCID: PMC4519926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 fatty acids have been recognized to improve brain cognitive function. Deficiency leads to dysfunctional zinc metabolism associated with learning and memory impairment. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of short-term dietary omega-3 fatty acids on hippocampus gene expression at the molecular level in relation to spatial recognition memory in mice. A total of 24 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed a standard pellet as a control group (CTL, n = 6), standard pellet added with 10% (w/w) fish oil (FO, n = 6), 10% (w/w) soybean oil (SO, n = 6) and 10% (w/w) butter (BT, n = 6). After 3 weeks on the treatment diets, spatial-recognition memory was tested on a Y-maze. The hippocampus gene expression was determined using a real-time PCR. The results showed that 3 weeks of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improved cognitive performance along with the up-regulation of α-synuclein, calmodulin and transthyretin genes expression. In addition, dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency increased the level of ZnT3 gene and subsequently reduced cognitive performance in mice. These results indicate that the increased the ZnT3 levels caused by the deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids produced an abnormal zinc metabolism that in turn impaired the brain cognitive performance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farhana Ahmad Sopian
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul' Izzati Shafie
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mehdi Ebrahimi
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Ali Rajion
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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89
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Pase CS, Teixeira AM, Roversi K, Dias VT, Calabrese F, Molteni R, Franchi S, Panerai AE, Riva MA, Burger ME. Olive oil-enriched diet reduces brain oxidative damages and ameliorates neurotrophic factor gene expression in different life stages of rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1200-7. [PMID: 26168701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the influence of maternal diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on oxidative and molecular parameters in brains of mouse pups as well as their body weight during their lifetime. Female rats received a diet containing 20% of olive oil-enriched diet (OOED) and a standard diet control diet (CD) in different periods: pregnancy, lactation and after weaning until pups' adulthood. On the last prenatal day (Group 1), embryos from OOED group showed smaller body weight, brain weight and lower levels of sulphydryl groups glutathione reduced (GSH) in the brain. On postnatal delay-21 (PND21) (Group 2), pups from OOED group showed higher body weight and brain weight, reduced brain weight/body weight ratio and lower brain lipid peroxidation (LP). On PND70 (Group 3), pups from OOED group showed lower brain LP and higher levels of GSH in prefrontal cortex and lower brain levels of reactive species in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the group of animals whose diet was modified from OOED to CD on PND21 showed greater weight gain compared to the group that remained in the same original diet (OOED) until adulthood. Furthermore, OOED consumption during pregnancy and lactation significantly increased BDNF only, as well as its main transcripts exon IV and VI mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, OOED significantly up-regulated FGF-2 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. These findings open a pioneering line of investigation about dietary adjunctive therapeutic strategies and the potential of healthy dietary habits to prevent neonatal conditions and their influence on adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Roversi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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90
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Yan XH. Molecular nutrition: basic understanding of the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:413-6. [PMID: 26055903 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-hua Yan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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91
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Deacon G, Kettle C, Hayes D, Dennis C, Tucci J. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment of depression. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:212-223. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.876959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gelinda Deacon
- Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Kettle
- Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Hayes
- School of Pharmacy, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Joseph Tucci
- School of Pharmacy, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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92
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Dietary factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:672838. [PMID: 25688361 PMCID: PMC4320877 DOI: 10.1155/2015/672838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The majority of cases do not arise from purely genetic factors, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Well-established environmental toxins important in PD include pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals. However, many toxicants linked to PD and used in animal models are rarely encountered. In this context, other factors such as dietary components may represent daily exposures and have gained attention as disease modifiers. Several in vitro, in vivo, and human epidemiological studies have found a variety of dietary factors that modify PD risk. Here, we critically review findings on association between dietary factors, including vitamins, flavonoids, calorie intake, caffeine, alcohol, and metals consumed via food and fatty acids and PD. We have also discussed key data on heterocyclic amines that are produced in high-temperature cooked meat, which is a new emerging field in the assessment of dietary factors in neurological diseases. While more research is clearly needed, significant evidence exists that specific dietary factors can modify PD risk.
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93
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Afshordel S, Hagl S, Werner D, Röhner N, Kögel D, Bazan NG, Eckert GP. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve mitochondrial dysfunction in brain aging--impact of Bcl-2 and NPD-1 like metabolites. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:23-31. [PMID: 24972878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of orally administered long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on mitochondrial function and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brains of young (3 months old) and aged (24 months old) NMRI-mice. Neuroprotective properties of fish oil (FO) (1.6 ml/kg p.o.) were assessed ex vivo after 21 days in dissociated brain cells (DBC) and isolated mitochondria. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were significantly lower in blood and brains of aged mice which were compensated by FO administration. Isolated DBC and mitochondria from aged mice showed significantly lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reduced activity of complexes I+II and IV of the mitochondrial respiration system, respectively. FO restored the age-related decrease in respiration and improved ATP production. Moreover, FO increased the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Cell membrane fractions isolated from the brain of aged mice exhibited lower membrane fluidity, which was partially improved under FO treatment. In comparison to young animals, levels of neuroprotective sAPPα were significantly lower in the brain of aged mice. However, levels of sAPPα, Aβ and C-terminal APP fragments (CTF) were largely unchanged after FO treatment in aged mice. Neuroprotectin D-1 (NPD-1) represents a neuroprotective compound that is derived from unesterified DHA. Levels of NPD1-like metabolites (NPD1-like) and of unesterified DHA were significantly increased in brains of aged mice. FO treatment further strongly increased NPD1-like levels indicating an accelerated conversion rate of free DHA to NPD1-like. Our findings provide new mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of omega-3 PUFA and identified FO as a promising nutraceutical to delay age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Afshordel
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deborah Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nelli Röhner
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- LSU Neuroscience Center And Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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94
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Janssen CI, Zerbi V, Mutsaers MP, de Jong BS, Wiesmann M, Arnoldussen IA, Geenen B, Heerschap A, Muskiet FA, Jouni ZE, van Tol EA, Gross G, Homberg JR, Berg BM, Kiliaan AJ. Impact of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognition, motor skills and hippocampal neurogenesis in developing C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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95
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Joordens JCA, Kuipers RS, Wanink JH, Muskiet FAJ. A fish is not a fish: patterns in fatty acid composition of aquatic food may have had implications for hominin evolution. J Hum Evol 2014; 77:107-16. [PMID: 25070910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
From c. 2 Ma (millions of years ago) onwards, hominin brain size and cognition increased in an unprecedented fashion. The exploitation of high-quality food resources, notably from aquatic ecosystems, may have been a facilitator or driver of this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the possible role of aquatic resources in hominin evolution by providing a more detailed nutritional context. So far, the debate has focused on the relative importance of terrestrial versus aquatic resources while no distinction has been made between different types of aquatic resources. Here we show that Indian Ocean reef fish and eastern African lake fish yield on average similarly high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA). Hence a shift from exploiting tropical marine to freshwater ecosystems (or vice versa) would entail no material difference in dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) availability. However, a shift to marine ecosystems would likely mean a major increase in access to brain-selective micronutrients such as iodine. Fatty fish from marine temperate/cold waters yield twice as much DHA and four times as much EPA as tropical fish, demonstrating that a latitudinal shift in exploitation of African coastal ecosystems could constitute a significant difference in LC-PUFA availability with possible implications for brain development and functioning. We conclude that exploitation of aquatic food resources could have facilitated the initial moderate hominin brain increase as observed in fossils dated to c. 2 Ma, but not the exceptional brain increase in later stages of hominin evolution. We propose that the significant expansion in hominin brain size and cognition later on may have been aided by strong directional selecting forces such as runaway sexual selection of intelligence, and nutritionally supported by exploitation of high-quality food resources in stable and productive aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C A Joordens
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Remko S Kuipers
- Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Wanink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Koeman en Bijkerk bv, Ecological Research and Consultancy, P.O. Box 111, 9750 AC Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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96
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Pomponi M, Loria G, Salvati S, Di Biase A, Conte G, Villella C, Righino E, Ciciarelli C, Bria P, La Torre G, Pomponi M, Janiri L, Bentivoglio A. DHA effects in Parkinson disease depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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97
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He F, Lupu DS, Niculescu MD. Perinatal α-linolenic acid availability alters the expression of genes related to memory and to epigenetic machinery, and the Mecp2 DNA methylation in the whole brain of mouse offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:38-44. [PMID: 24866706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animal and human studies indicated that dietary ω-3 fatty acids could have beneficial roles on brain development, memory, and learning. However, the exact mechanisms involved are far from being clearly understood, especially for α-linolenic acid (ALA), which is the precursor for the ω-3 elongation and desaturation pathways. This study investigated the alterations induced by different intakes of flaxseed oil (containing 50% ALA), during gestation and lactation, upon the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis, memory-related molecular processes, and DNA methylation, in the brains of mouse offspring at the end of lactation (postnatal day 19, P19). In addition, DNA methylation status for the same genes was investigated. Maternal flaxseed oil supplementation during lactation increased the expression of Mecp2, Ppp1cc, and Reelin, while decreasing the expression of Ppp1cb and Dnmt3a. Dnmt1 expression was decreased by postnatal flaxseed oil supplementation but this effect was offset by ALA deficiency during gestation. Mecp2 DNA methylation was decreased by maternal ALA deficiency during gestation, with a more robust effect in the lactation-deficient group. In addition, linear regression analysis revealed positive correlations between Mecp2, Reelin, and Ppp1cc, between Gadd45b, Bdnf, and Creb1, and between Egr1 and Dnmt1, respectively. However, there were no correlations, in any gene, between DNA methylation and gene expression. In summary, the interplay between ALA availability during gestation and lactation differentially altered the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis and memory, in the whole brain of the offspring at the end of lactation. The Mecp2 epigenetic status was correlated with ALA availability during gestation. However, the epigenetic status of the genes investigated was not associated with transcript levels, suggesting that either the regulation of these genes is not necessarily under epigenetic control, or that the whole brain model is not adequate for the exploration of epigenetic regulation in the context of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli He
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Daniel S Lupu
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Mihai D Niculescu
- Department of Nutrition and Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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98
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Pase CS, Teixeira AM, Dias VT, Quatrin A, Emanuelli T, Bürger ME. Prolonged consumption of trans fat favors the development of orofacial dyskinesia and anxiety-like symptoms in older rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:713-9. [PMID: 24625052 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.898255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) are cell membrane components involved in brain functions. We hypothesized that long-term trans fat consumption is able to modify the membrane FAs composition impairing behavioral parameters related to aging. In this study, a comparison of behavioral parameters at 10 and 15 months of trans fat consumption by male Wistar rats was made. Animals were fed for 10 and 15 months from weaning with diets containing either 20% w/w soybean oil (SO), rich in n-6 PUFA, hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF), rich in trans FAs, or a standard diet (control - C). At both evaluation times, HVF-fed rats showed progressively increased parameters of orofacial dyskinesia, fear and anxiety-like symptoms. The HVF diet reduced locomotor and exploratory activities progressively over 10 and 15 months of supplementation, while the standard and SO diets did not. In this study, we showed that chronic trans FAs consumption from weaning is able to favor the development of neuromotor and neuropsychiatric diseases, whose intensity was time dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM-RS, Centro de Ciências da Saúde , Santa Maria, RS , Brazil
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99
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Hammamieh R, Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Miller SA, Muhie S, Meyerhoff J, Jett M. Transcriptomic analysis of the effects of a fish oil enriched diet on murine brains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90425. [PMID: 24632812 PMCID: PMC3954562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of fish oil enriched with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are widely documented. Fish oil as dietary supplements, however, show moderate clinical efficacy, highlighting an immediate scope of systematic in vitro feedback. Our transcriptomic study was designed to investigate the genomic shift of murine brains fed on fish oil enriched diets. A customized fish oil enriched diet (FD) and standard lab diet (SD) were separately administered to two randomly chosen populations of C57BL/6J mice from their weaning age until late adolescence. Statistical analysis mined 1,142 genes of interest (GOI) differentially altered in the hemibrains collected from the FD- and SD-fed mice at the age of five months. The majority of identified GOI (∼40%) encodes proteins located in the plasma membrane, suggesting that fish oil primarily facilitated the membrane-oriented biofunctions. FD potentially augmented the nervous system's development and functions by selectively stimulating the Src-mediated calcium-induced growth cascade and the downstream PI3K-AKT-PKC pathways. FD reduced the amyloidal burden, attenuated oxidative stress, and assisted in somatostatin activation—the signatures of attenuation of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and affective disorder. FD induced elevation of FKBP5 and suppression of BDNF, which are often linked with the improvement of anxiety disorder, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Hence we anticipate efficacy of FD in treating illnesses such as depression that are typically triggered by the hypoactivities of dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic networks. Contrastingly, FD's efficacy could be compromised in treating illnesses such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, which are triggered by hyperactivities of the same set of neuromodulators. A more comprehensive investigation is recommended to elucidate the implications of fish oil on disease pathomechanisms, and the result-driven repositioning of fish oil utilization may revitalize its therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Hammamieh
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aarti Gautam
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stacy-Ann Miller
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seid Muhie
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Meyerhoff
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
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Benn K, Passos M, Jayaram A, Harris M, Bongiovanni AM, Skupski D, Witkin SS. Association Between Neurotrophin 4 and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Mid-Trimester Amniotic Fluid. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:1395-400. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719114526474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiesha Benn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Hospital Queens, Queens, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Passos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aswathi Jayaram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Harris
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ann Marie Bongiovanni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Skupski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Hospital Queens, Queens, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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