51
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Lee YJ, Kim HE, Oh H, Yun H, Lee J, Shin S, Lee H, Kim BJ. Lens-Shaped Carbon Particles with Perpendicularly-Oriented Channels for High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2988-2996. [PMID: 35080373 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional sheet-like mesoporous carbon particles are promising for maximizing the number of active sites and the mass transport efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we develop a series of lens-shaped mesoporous carbon (LMC) particles with perpendicularly oriented channels (diameter = 60 nm) and aspect ratios (ARs) varying from 2.1 to 6.2 and apply them for the fabrication of highly efficient PEMFCs. The membrane emulsification affords uniform-sized, lens-shaped block copolymer particles, which are successfully converted into the LMC particles with well-ordered vertical channels through hyper-cross-linking and carbonization steps. Then, an ultralow amount (1 wt %) of platinum (Pt) is loaded into the particles. The LMC particles with higher ARs are packed with a higher density in the cathode and are better aligned on the cathode surface compared to the LMC particles with lower ARs. Thus, the well-ordered channels in the particles facilitate the mass transport of the reactants and products, significantly increasing the PEMFC performance. For example, the LMC particles with the AR of 6.2 show the highest initial single cell performance of 1135 mW cm-2, and the cell exhibits high durability with 1039 mW cm-2 even after 30 000 cycles. This cell performance surpasses that of commercial Pt/C catalysts, even at 1/20 of the Pt loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Manghnani PN, Di Francesco V, Panella La Capria C, Schlich M, Miali ME, Moore TL, Zunino A, Duocastella M, Decuzzi P. Preparation of anisotropic multiscale micro-hydrogels via two-photon continuous flow lithography. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:622-633. [PMID: 34626997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Polymeric anisotropic soft microparticles show interesting behavior in biological environments and hold promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. However, self-assembly and substrate-based lithographic techniques are limited by low resolution, batch operation or specific particle geometry and deformability. Two-photon polymerization in microfluidic channels may offer the required resolution to continuously fabricate anisotropic micro-hydrogels in sub-10 µm size-range. EXPERIMENTS Here, a pulsed laser source is used to perform two-photon polymerization under microfluidic flow of a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) solution with the objective of realizing anisotropic micro-hydrogels carrying payloads of various nature, including small molecules and nanoparticles. The fabrication process is described via a reactive-convective-diffusion system of equations, whose solution under proper auxiliary conditions is used to corroborate the experimental observations and sample the configuration space. FINDINGS By tuning the flow velocity, exposure time and pre-polymer composition, anisotropic PEGDA micro-hydrogels are obtained in the 1-10 μm size-range and exhibit an aspect ratio varying from 1 to 5. Furthermore, 200 nm curcumin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and 100 nm ssRNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles were entrapped within square PEGDA micro-hydrogels. The proposed approach could support the fabrication of micro-hydrogels of well-defined morphology, stiffness, and surface properties for the sustained release of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima N Manghnani
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Panella La Capria
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Schlich
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Elvino Miali
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas Lee Moore
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zunino
- Nanoscopy, CHT Erzelli, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, Building B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
| | - Marti Duocastella
- Nanoscopy, CHT Erzelli, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83, Building B, 16152 Genoa, Italy; Department of Applied Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
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53
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Parvate S, Chattopadhyay S. Complex Polymeric Microstructures with Programmable Architecture via Pickering Emulsion-Templated In Situ Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1406-1421. [PMID: 35051332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aside from smooth and spherical microcapsules, the concept of tailoring complex polymeric microstructures is being taken a step ahead due to their great demand in various applications and fundamental studies in the subjects of microfluidics and nanotechnology. Size, shape, and morphology are of paramount importance for their functional performance and various applications. However, simple, inexpensive, versatile, and high-throughput techniques for fabricating microcapsules with controlled morphology remain a bottleneck for discoveries in the subject of polymer colloids. In this paper, we directly fulfill this need by reporting a novel approach of Pickering emulsion-templated in situ polymerization for tailoring complex polymeric microstructures comprised of a composite shell of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP)-embedded poly(melamine-urea-formaldehyde) (polyMUF) and a core of hexadecane (HD, soft template). At first, we hydrophobize TiO2 NPs by chemisorbing long-chain biobased myristic acid via a bidentate chelating complex and precisely tune their wettability by varying the grafting density of myristic acid to obtain highly stable oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion. Thereafter, we employ the optimized TiO2 NPs in the intended encapsulation strategy that enables various microstructures and morphologies with the particle diameter ranging from 5 to 20 μm. Careful manipulation of reaction parameters and copolymer components leads to novel complex microstructures: smooth, raspberry-like, partially budded, hollow, filled, single-holed, and closed-cell-like microstructures. Particle properties such as morphology, size, shell thickness, and core content are governed by the TiO2 NP content, core-to-shell ratio, copolymer component, conversion, and pH value. Based on the results of a series of control experiments, novel mechanisms for the formation of various such microstructures are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Parvate
- Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Sujay Chattopadhyay
- Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
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54
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Xi D, Xu N, Xia X, Shi C, Li X, Wang D, Long S, Fan J, Sun W, Peng X. Strong π-π Stacking Stabilized Nanophotosensitizers: Improving Tumor Retention for Enhanced Therapy for Large Tumors in Mice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106797. [PMID: 34761453 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Conventional photosensitizers (PSs) often show poor tumor retention and are rapidly cleared from the bloodstream, which is one of the key hindrances to guarantee precise and efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. In this work, a photosensitizer assembly nanosystem that sharply enhances tumor retention up to ≈10 days is present. The PSs are synthesized by meso-substituting anthracene onto a BODIPY scaffold (AN-BDP), which then self-assembles into stable nanoparticles (AN-BDP NPs) with amphiphilic block copolymers due to the strong intermolecular π-π interaction of the anthracene. Additionally, the incorporated anthracene excites the PSs, producing singlet oxygen under red-light irradiation. Although AN-BDP NPs can completely suppress regular test size tumors (≈100 mm3 ) by one-time radiation, only 12% tumor growth inhibition rate is observed in the case of large-size tumors (≈350 mm3 ) under the same conditions. Due to the long-time tumor retention, AN-BDP NPs allow single-dose injection and three-time light treatments, resulting in an inhibition rate over 90%, much more efficient than single-time radiation of conventional clinically used PSs including chlorin-e6 (Ce6) and porphyrin with poor tumor retention. The results reveal the importance of long tumor retention time of PSs for efficient PDT, which can accelerate the clinical development of nanophotosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Jianshe North Road Section 2 No. 4, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
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55
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Hadji H, Bouchemal K. Effect of micro- and nanoparticle shape on biological processes. J Control Release 2021; 342:93-110. [PMID: 34973308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the drug delivery field, there is beyond doubt that the shape of micro- and nanoparticles (M&NPs) critically affects their biological fate. Herein, following an introduction describing recent technological advances for designing nonspherical M&NPs, we highlight the role of particle shape in cell capture, subcellular distribution, intracellular drug delivery, and cytotoxicity. Then, we discuss theoretical approaches for understanding the effect of particle shape on internalization by the cell membrane. Subsequently, recent advances on shape-dependent behaviors of M&NPs in the systemic circulation are detailed. In particular, the interaction of M&NPs with blood proteins, biodistribution, and circulation under flow conditions are analyzed. Finally, the hurdles and future directions for developing nonspherical M&NPs are underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicheme Hadji
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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56
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Jahl PE, Parthasarathy R. Assessing the use of ellipsoidal microparticles for determining lipid membrane viscosity. Biophys J 2021; 120:5513-5520. [PMID: 34800470 PMCID: PMC8715235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscosity of lipid membranes sets the timescales of membrane-associated motions, whether driven or diffusive, and therefore influences the dynamics of a wide range of cellular processes. Techniques to measure membrane viscosity remain sparse, however, and reported measurements to date, even of similar systems, give viscosity values that span orders of magnitude. To address this, we improve a method based on measuring both the rotational and translational diffusion of membrane-anchored microparticles and apply this approach and one based on tracking the motion of phase-separated lipid domains to the same system of phase-separated giant vesicles. We find good agreement between the two methods, with inferred viscosities within a factor of two of each other. Our single-particle tracking technique uses ellipsoidal microparticles, and we show that the extraction of physically meaningful viscosity values from their motion requires consideration of their anisotropic shape. The validation of our method on phase-separated membranes makes possible its application to other systems, which we demonstrate by measuring the viscosity of bilayers composed of lipids with different chain lengths ranging from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, revealing a very weak dependence of two-dimensional viscosity on lipid size. The experimental and analysis methods described here should be generally applicable to a variety of membrane systems, both reconstituted and cellular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E Jahl
- Materials Science Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Raghuveer Parthasarathy
- Materials Science Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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57
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Liu X, Moradi M, Bus T, Debije MG, Bon SAF, Heuts JPA, Schenning APHJ. Flower‐Like Colloidal Particles through Precipitation Polymerization of Redox‐Responsive Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad‐Amin Moradi
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Tom Bus
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Stefan A. F. Bon
- Department of Chemistry The University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
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58
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Ribovski L, Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Polymeric Nanoparticles Properties and Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2045. [PMID: 34959326 PMCID: PMC8705716 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and reliable entry to the brain is essential for successful diagnosis and treatment of diseases, but it still poses major challenges. As a result, many therapeutic approaches to treating disorders associated with the central nervous system (CNS) still only show limited success. Nano-sized systems are being explored as drug carriers and show great improvements in the delivery of many therapeutics. The systemic delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanocarriers (NCs) to the brain involves reaching the neurovascular unit (NVU), being transported across the blood-brain barrier, (BBB) and accumulating in the brain. Each of these steps can benefit from specifically controlled properties of NPs. Here, we discuss how brain delivery by NPs can benefit from careful design of the NP properties. Properties such as size, charge, shape, and ligand functionalization are commonly addressed in the literature; however, properties such as ligand density, linker length, avidity, protein corona, and stiffness are insufficiently discussed. This is unfortunate since they present great value against multiple barriers encountered by the NPs before reaching the brain, particularly the BBB. We further highlight important examples utilizing targeting ligands and how functionalization parameters, e.g., ligand density and ligand properties, can affect the success of the nano-based delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (L.R.); (N.M.H.)
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59
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Shape stability of ellipsoidal nanomaterials prepared by physical deformation. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121178. [PMID: 34662649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The nonspherical shape of nanomaterials (NMs) represents a key attribute for controlling their biological behaviors. Analyzing shape stability over time represents a significant concern because nonspherical NMs are likely to rearrange into a thermodynamically more stable spherical shape. In this investigation, ellipsoidal NMs were designed by physical deformation of core/shell nanospheres composed of poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) and chitosan or a mixture of chitosan and thiolated chitosan. After optimizing the process parameters for designing ellipsoidal NMs, the shape stability during storage was investigated for 6 months at different temperatures (4 °C, 20 °C and 40 °C). The NM shape was examined by analyzing the aspect ratio from images obtained by electron microscopy techniques. The results demonstrated the feasibility of designing shape-persistent ellipsoidal NMs by physical deformation of spherical particles.
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60
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Friess F, Lendlein A, Wischke C. Switching microobjects from low to high aspect ratios using a shape-memory effect. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9326-9331. [PMID: 34605513 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00947h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spherical particles from shape-memory polymers (SMP) can be stretched to ellipsoids with high aspect ratio (AR) and temporarily stabilized. They can switch back to low AR upon thermal stimulation. Here, the creation of an alternative shape-switching capability of particles from low to high AR is introduced, where a SMP matrix from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used to create crosslinked high AR particles and to program the embedded micrometer-sized particles from a second SMP (oligo(ε-caprolactone) micronetworks, MN) with a low switching temperature Tsw. This programming proceeds through shape-recovery of the PVA matrix, from which the MN are harvested by PVA matrix dissolution. The use of a dissolvable SMP matrix may be a general strategy to efficiently create systems with complex moving capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Friess
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Wischke
- Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
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61
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Kozlovskaya V, Xue B, Dolmat M, Kharlampieva E. Complete pH-Dependent Shape Recovery in Cubical Hydrogel Capsules after Large Osmotic Deformations. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Maksim Dolmat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Center of Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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62
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Liu X, Moradi MA, Bus T, Debije MG, Bon SAF, Heuts JPA, Schenning APHJ. Flower-Like Colloidal Particles through Precipitation Polymerization of Redox-Responsive Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27026-27030. [PMID: 34672077 PMCID: PMC9298913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of monodisperse, flower‐like, liquid crystalline (LC) polymer particles by precipitation polymerization of a LC mixture consisting of benzoic acid‐functionalized acrylates and disulfide‐functionalized diacrylates. Introduction of a minor amount of redox‐responsive disulfide‐functionalized diacrylates (≤10 wt %) induced the formation of flower‐like shapes. The shape of the particles can be tuned from flower‐ to disk‐like to spherical by elevating the polymerization temperature. The solvent environment also has a pronounced effect on the particle size. Time‐resolved TEM reveals that the final particle morphology was formed in the early stages of the polymerization and that subsequent polymerization resulted in continued particle growth without affecting the morphology. Finally, the degradation of the particles under reducing conditions was much faster for flower‐like particles than for spherical particles, likely a result of their higher surface‐to‐volume ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Amin Moradi
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Bus
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G Debije
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan A F Bon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Johan P A Heuts
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P H J Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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63
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Ganguly R, Choi Y, Lee CS, Choi CH. Tuning three-dimensional (3D) shapes of polymeric microparticles by geometry-driven control of mold swelling and capillarity in micromolds. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 600:373-381. [PMID: 34023698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple method for producing polymeric microparticles with controlled three-dimensional (3D) shapes from two-dimensional (2D) micromolds via mold geometry-mediated tunable mold swelling and capillarity. Specifically, the photocurable solution confined in the mold with diverse geometries is spatially deformed by the addition of the wetting fluid, which triggers the mold swelling and capillarity; this allows the production of highly uniform microparticles with complex shape via photopolymerization. The results show that the swelling-induced mold deflection is varied depending on the mold geometry with different side lengths, allowing a tunable deformation of the photocurable solution and forming non-spherical particles with a convex top. The capillarity of the wetting fluid is also determined by the mold geometry with different corner angles, leading to the directional movement of the photocurable solution via Laplace pressure-driven flow and facilitating the production of spherical particles with or without shape imprinting. Furthermore, we demonstrate a capability to further enhance the mold swelling by varying mold composition, expanding their controllability in 3D shape, and enabling simultaneous production of spherical and non-spherical particles using a single mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reya Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea.
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64
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Tripathi AK, Tsavalas JG. A surprisingly gentle approach to cavity containing spherocylindrical microparticles from ordinary polymer dispersions in flow. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2808-2815. [PMID: 34605843 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a facile approach to fully transform spherical polymeric microparticles to elongated spherocylinders containing an internal cavity under ambient and mild stirring conditions. Critical to the process is to deform the amorphous and non-crosslinked particles under glassy conditions for an unusually long time; 120 hours for the poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles discussed in greatest detail. Larger particles in the 5 micron and greater range were markedly more susceptible to the shear imposed by stirring the aqueous dispersion. The resulting morphology is robust and kinetically frozen yet reverts to the original spherical shape if annealed above the glass transition temperature with suitable temperature or plasticizer. The volume fraction of the internal void can be modulated by particle composition and process conditions and is irregular in shape we believe as a result of a cavitation event during plastic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - John G Tsavalas
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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65
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Shukla SK, Sarode A, Kanabar DD, Muth A, Kunda NK, Mitragotri S, Gupta V. Bioinspired particle engineering for non-invasive inhaled drug delivery to the lungs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112324. [PMID: 34474875 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery is governed by several biophysical parameters of delivery carriers, such as particle size, shape, density, charge, and surface modifications. Although much attention has been given to other parameters, particle shape effects have rarely been explored. In this work, we assess the influence of particle shape of inhaled delivery carriers on their aerodynamic properties and macrophage uptake by using polymeric microparticles of different geometries ranging in various sizes. Doxorubicin was conjugated to the polymer particles and the bioconjugates were characterized. Interestingly, the results of in-vitro lung deposition, performed using a next generation impactor, demonstrated a significant improvement in the aerodynamic properties of the rod-shaped particles with a high aspect ratio as compared to spherical particles with the same equivalent volume. The results of a macrophage uptake experiment demonstrate that the high aspect ratio particles were phagocytosed less than spherical particles. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of these doxorubicin-conjugated particles was determined against murine macrophages, resulting in reduced toxicity when treated with high aspect ratio particles as compared to spherical particles. This project provides valuable insights into the influence of particle shape on aerodynamic properties and primary defense mechanisms in the peripheral lungs, while using polymeric microparticles of various sizes and geometries. Further systematic development can help translate these findings to preclinical and clinical studies for designing efficient inhalable delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal K Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Apoorva Sarode
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dipti D Kanabar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nitesh K Kunda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Environmental Microplastic Particles vs. Engineered Plastic Microparticles-A Comparative Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172881. [PMID: 34502921 PMCID: PMC8434362 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastic particles (MPs) pose a novel threat to nature. Despite being first noticed in the 1970s, research on this topic has only surged in recent years. Researchers have mainly focused on environmental plastic particles; however, studies with defined microplastic particles as the sample input are scarce. Furthermore, comparison of those studies indicates a discrepancy between the particles found (e.g., in the environment) and those used for further research (e.g., exposure studies). Obviously, it is important to use particles that resemble those found in the environment to conduct appropriate research. In this review, different categories of microplastic particles are addressed, before covering an overview of the most common separation and analysis methods for environmental MPs is covered. After showing that the particles found in the environment are mostly irregular and polydisperse, while those used in studies with plastic microparticles as samples are often not, different particle production techniques are investigated and suggestions for preparing realistic plastic particles are given.
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67
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Chen Y, Tan X, Wang H, Zhang Z, Kosterlitz JM, Ling XS. 2D Colloidal Crystals with Anisotropic Impurities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:018004. [PMID: 34270301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.018004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of 2D colloidal crystals with anisotropic ellipsoid impurities using video microscopy. It is found that at low impurity densities, the impurity particles behave like floating disorder with which the quasi-long-range orientational order survives and the elasticity of the system is actually enhanced. There is a critical impurity density above which the 2D crystal loses the quasi-long-range orientational order. At high impurity densities, the 2D crystal breaks into polycrystalline domains separated by grain boundaries where the impurity particles aggregate. This transition is accompanied by a decrease in the elastic moduli, and it is associated with strong heterogeneous dynamics in the system. The correlation length vs impurity density in the disordered phase exhibits an essential singularity at the critical impurity density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xinlan Tan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - J M Kosterlitz
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Xinsheng Sean Ling
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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68
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Abdelnour SA, Alagawany M, Hashem NM, Farag MR, Alghamdi ES, Hassan FU, Bilal RM, Elnesr SS, Dawood MAO, Nagadi SA, Elwan HAM, ALmasoudi AG, Attia YA. Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071916. [PMID: 34203158 PMCID: PMC8300133 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nanomaterials can contribute to the sustainability of the livestock sector through improving the quantitative and qualitative production of safe, healthy, and functional animal products. Given the diverse nanotechnology applications in the animal nutrition field, the administration of nanominerals can substantially enhance the bioavailability of respective minerals by increasing cellular uptake and avoiding mineral antagonism. Nanominerals are also helpful for improving reproductive performance and assisted reproductive technologies outcomes of animals. Despite the promising positive effects of nanominerals on animal performance (growth, feed utilization, nutrient bioavailability, antioxidant status, and immune response), there are various challenges related to nanominerals, including their metabolism and fate in the animal’s body. Thus, the economic, legal, and ethical implications of nanomaterials must also be considered by the authority. Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the major advanced technologies applied in different fields, including agriculture, livestock, medicine, and food sectors. Nanomaterials can help maintain the sustainability of the livestock sector through improving quantitative and qualitative production of safe, healthy, and functional animal products. Given the diverse nanotechnology applications in the animal nutrition field, the use of nanomaterials opens the horizon of opportunities for enhancing feed utilization and efficiency in animal production. Nanotechnology facilitates the development of nano vehicles for nutrients (including trace minerals), allowing efficient delivery to improve digestion and absorption for better nutrient metabolism and physiology. Nanominerals are interesting alternatives for inorganic and organic minerals for animals that can substantially enhance the bioavailability and reduce pollution. Nanominerals promote antioxidant activity, and improve growth performance, reproductive performance, immune response, intestinal health, and the nutritional value of animal products. Nanominerals are also helpful for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcomes by enriching media for cryopreservation of spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos with antioxidant nanominerals. Despite the promising positive effects of nanominerals on animal performance and health, there are various challenges related to nanominerals, including their metabolism and fate in the animal’s body. Thus, the economic, legal, and ethical implications of nanomaterials must also be considered by the authority. This review highlights the benefits of including nanominerals (particularly nano-selenium and nano-zinc) in animal diets and/or cryopreservation media, focusing on modes of action, physiological effects, and the potential toxicity of their impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (N.M.H.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Nesrein M. Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (N.M.H.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Etab S. Alghamdi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiz Ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Rana M. Bilal
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Sameer A. Nagadi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada A. M. Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya 61519, Egypt;
| | - Abeer G. ALmasoudi
- Food Science Department, College of Science, Branch of the College at Turbah, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
- The Strategic Center to Kingdom Vision Realization, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (N.M.H.); (Y.A.A.)
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69
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Tan X, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhang Z, Ling XS. 2D isotropic-nematic transition in colloidal suspensions of ellipsoids. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6001-6005. [PMID: 34059864 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals are important condensed matter systems for technological applications, as well as for fundamental studies. An important unresolved issue is the nature of the phase transition in a two-dimensional (2D) liquid crystal system. In contrast to numerous computational studies reported in the last few decades, there have been no convincing experiments to verify these numerical results. Anisotropic colloids provide an excellent experimental model system to study phase transitions, such as crystallization and glass transition in condensed matter physics with single particle resolution. However, using colloids to probe the two-dimensional liquid crystal transition remains a challenge, since the condensed anisotropic colloids usually become stuck in the metastable glassy state rather than approaching their equilibrium liquid crystal phase. Here we report a method of using an external magnetic field to assist a colloidal system of super-paramagnetic anisotropic particles to overcome the local free energy barriers in the metastable states and approach the equilibrium phase. The experiments demonstrate a 2D isotropic-nematic phase transition with increasing packing density. The effects of the anisotropy of the colloidal particles on the 2D isotropic-nematic transition are explored. Our experimental results are compared with those from previous computational work, and quantitative agreements are reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlan Tan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Ya Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Huaguang Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. and College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China. and College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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70
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Bhide AR, Jindal AB. Fabrication and evaluation of artemether loaded polymeric nanorods obtained by mechanical stretching of nanospheres. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120820. [PMID: 34166728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to prepare and evaluate artemether-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanorods by mechanical stretching of nanospheres. Artemether-loaded PLGA nanospheres were prepared by the standard nanoprecipitation method. To prepare the nanorods, nanospheres (129 nm) were embedded in polyvinyl alcohol film. The film was stretched by using an in-house fabricated film stretching apparatus in one dimension at the rate of 10 mm/min in acetone or silicon oil. Nanorods were recovered by dissolving the film in Milli-Q-water after stretching. The effect of film thickness (100 µm vs 150 µm), the ratio of lactide to glycolide in PLGA (50:50 vs 75:25), extent of stretching (2x vs 4x), on the aspect ratio of the nanorods was studied. A sustained release of artemether was observed from both nanospheres and nanorods with almost 85% drug release at the end of 72 h. In cytotoxicity study, almost 90% cell viability was found when THP-1 cells were treated with artemether, nanospheres, and nanorods equivalent to 0.001 to 100 µg/mL of artemether. At all the concentrations of artemether, nanorods showed less haemolysis of RBCs than the nanospheres. Artemether-loaded PLGA nanorods could be successfully prepared by the film stretching method for intravenous delivery of antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva R Bhide
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil B Jindal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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71
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Song R, Cho S, Shin S, Kim H, Lee J. From shaping to functionalization of micro-droplets and particles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3395-3416. [PMID: 36133725 PMCID: PMC9419121 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure of microdroplet and microparticle is a critical factor in their functionality, which determines the distribution and sequence of physicochemical reactions. Therefore, the technology of precisely tailoring their shape is requisite for implementing the user demand functions in various applications. This review highlights various methodologies for droplet shaping, classified into passive and active approaches based on whether additional body forces are applied to droplets to manipulate their functions and fabricate them into microparticles. The passive approaches cover batch emulsification, solvent evaporation and diffusion, micromolding, and microfluidic methods. In active approaches, the external forces, such as electrical and magnetic fields or optical lithography, are applied to microdroplets. Special attention is also given to latest technologies using microdroplets and microparticles, especially in the fields of biological, optical, robotic, and environmental applications. Finally, this review aims to address the advantages and disadvantages of the introduced approaches and suggests the direction for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungeun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Seongsu Cho
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Seonghun Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Korea
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72
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Gadzinowski M, Mickiewicz D, Basinska T. Spherical versus prolate spheroidal particles in biosciences: Does the shape make a difference? POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Polymer Division, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
| | - Damian Mickiewicz
- Polymer Division, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
| | - Teresa Basinska
- Polymer Division, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Lodz Poland
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73
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Sickinger A, Mecking S. Origin of the Anisotropy and Structure of Ellipsoidal Poly(fluorene) Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sickinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany
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74
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Deng X, Ren Y, Hou L, Jiang T, Jiang H. Continuous microfluidic fabrication of anisotropic microparticles for enhanced wastewater purification. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1517-1526. [PMID: 33606871 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01298j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic microparticles containing functional nanomaterials have attracted growing interest due to their enhanced performance in diverse applications ranging from catalysts to environmental remediation. However, the preparation of anisotropic microparticles with highly controlled morphologies and dimensions usually suffers from a limited material choice. Here, we develop a facile strategy to continuously prepare anisotropic microparticles with their shapes changing from spherical to pear-like, maraca-like and rod-like for enhanced water decontamination. Anisotropic microparticles are produced by deforming oil-droplet templates within microfibers and then locking their shapes via thermo/photo-polymerization. The sizes and geometries of the oil-droplet templates are precisely controlled by varying the fluid flow conditions. In addition, porous spherical and rod-like microparticles are functionalized for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants by incorporating functional TiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Compared to spherical microparticles with equal volume, functionalized rod-like microparticles exhibit better performance in removal of contaminants due to their larger specific surface area, which facilitates the contact between the loaded catalysts and organic pollutants. Moreover, the magnetic rod-like microparticles can be easily recovered and reused without deterioration of catalytic performance. The proposed strategy in this study is useful for producing anisotropic microparticles with well-tailored shapes via different polymerization methods and extending their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Deng
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001.
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001. and State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001
| | - Likai Hou
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street 258, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China.
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001.
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China 150001.
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75
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Lee JG, Al Harraq A, Bishop KJM, Bharti B. Fabrication and Electric Field-Driven Active Propulsion of Patchy Microellipsoids. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4232-4240. [PMID: 33876931 PMCID: PMC8279480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Active colloids are a synthetic analogue
of biological microorganisms
that consume external energy to swim through viscous fluids. Such
motion requires breaking the symmetry of the fluid flow in the vicinity
of a particle; however, it is challenging to understand how surface
and shape anisotropies of the colloid lead to a particular trajectory.
Here, we attempt to deconvolute the effects of particle shape and
surface anisotropy on the propulsion of model ellipsoids in alternating
current (AC) electric fields. We first introduce a simple process
for depositing metal patches of various shapes on the surfaces of
ellipsoidal particles. We show that the shape of the metal patch is
governed by the assembled structure of the ellipsoids on the substrate
used for physical vapor deposition. Under high-frequency AC electric
field, ellipsoids dispersed in water show linear, circular, and helical
trajectories which depend on the shapes of the surface patches. We
demonstrate that features of the helical trajectories such as the
pitch and diameter can be tuned by varying the degree of patch asymmetry
along the two primary axes of the ellipsoids, namely longitudinal
and transverse. Our study reveals the role of patch shape on the trajectory
of ellipsoidal particles propelled by induced charge electrophoresis.
We develop heuristics based on patch asymmetries that can be used
to design patchy particles with specified nonlinear trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyun Lee
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Ahmed Al Harraq
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kyle J M Bishop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Bačová P, Mintis DG, Gkolfi E, Harmandaris V. Mikto-Arm Stars as Soft-Patchy Particles: From Building Blocks to Mesoscopic Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1114. [PMID: 33915849 PMCID: PMC8037958 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an atomistic molecular dynamics study of self-assembled mikto-arm stars, which resemble patchy-like particles. By increasing the number of stars in the system, we propose a systematic way of examining the mutual orientation of these fully penetrable patchy-like objects. The individual stars maintain their patchy-like morphology when creating a mesoscopic (macromolecular) self-assembled object of more than three stars. The self-assembly of mikto-arm stars does not lead to a deformation of the stars, and their shape remains spherical. We identified characteristic sub-units in the self-assembled structure, differing by the mutual orientation of the nearest neighbor stars. The current work aims to elucidate the possible arrangements of the realistic, fully penetrable patchy particles in polymer matrix and to serve as a model system for further studies of nanostructured materials or all-polymer nanocomposites using the mikto-arm stars as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus; (D.G.M.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Dimitris G. Mintis
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus; (D.G.M.); (V.H.)
| | - Eirini Gkolfi
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus; (D.G.M.); (V.H.)
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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77
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Xu J, Li K, Liu M, Gu X, Li P, Fan Y. Studies on preparation and formation mechanism of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microrods via one-step electrospray and an application for drug delivery system. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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78
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Sun J, Zhang H, Fan W, Chen S. Comparison of aspect ratios of ellipsoidal particles through interferometric out-of-focus images. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:395-400. [PMID: 33690469 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.414120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the interferometric particle imaging (IPI) technology, we present a method for comparison of aspect ratios of ellipsoidal particles. By simulating the interference in-focus and out-of-focus images of transparent ellipsoidal particles with different aspect ratios, we find that, under the same orientation angle, the larger the particle aspect ratio is, the higher the spatial frequency of the out-of-focus image. The IPI system is established to experimentally acquire the out-of-focus images of the transparent ellipsoidal particles. Because the experimental results agree with the simulation, we propose a method to compare the aspect ratios of ellipsoidal particles using out-of-focus images. The method features potential applications in particle measurements.
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79
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Cook A, Decuzzi P. Harnessing Endogenous Stimuli for Responsive Materials in Theranostics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2068-2098. [PMID: 33555171 PMCID: PMC7905878 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials that respond to endogenous stimuli are being leveraged to enhance spatiotemporal control in a range of biomedical applications from drug delivery to diagnostic tools. The design of materials that undergo morphological or chemical changes in response to specific biological cues or pathologies will be an important area of research for improving efficacies of existing therapies and imaging agents, while also being promising for developing personalized theranostic systems. Internal stimuli-responsive systems can be engineered across length scales from nanometers to macroscopic and can respond to endogenous signals such as enzymes, pH, glucose, ATP, hypoxia, redox signals, and nucleic acids by incorporating synthetic bio-inspired moieties or natural building blocks. This Review will summarize response mechanisms and fabrication strategies used in internal stimuli-responsive materials with a focus on drug delivery and imaging for a broad range of pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, vascular disorders, inflammation, and microbial infections. We will also discuss observed challenges, future research directions, and clinical translation aspects of these responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Cook
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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80
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Tuntanatewin W, Mekwatanakarn P, Zhang H, Okamura Y. Facile fabrication of elongated polymer micro/nano discs and their surface adhesiveness. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waranyou Tuntanatewin
- Course of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
| | - Pinyo Mekwatanakarn
- Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
| | - Yosuke Okamura
- Course of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
- Course of Applied Science, Graduate School of Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
- Micro/Nano Technology Center Tokai University Hiratsuka Japan
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81
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Li Z, Xiao Y, Liang S, Zhang T, Tu Y, Lin S, Huang Z, Hong L, Hu J. Facile fabrication of triple-scale colloidal particles and its application in Pickering emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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82
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Xie Q, Harting J. Controllable Capillary Assembly of Magnetic Ellipsoidal Janus Particles into Tunable Rings, Chains and Hexagonal Lattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006390. [PMID: 33448100 PMCID: PMC11468573 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal assembly at fluid interfaces has a great potential for the bottom-up fabrication of novel structured materials. However, challenges remain in realizing controllable and tunable assembly of particles into diverse structures. Herein, the capillary assembly of magnetic ellipsoidal Janus particles at a fluid-fluid interface is reported. Depending on their tilt angle, that is, the angle the particle main axis forms with the fluid interface, these particles deform the interface and generate capillary dipoles or hexapoles. Driven by capillary interactions, multiple particles thus assemble into chain-, hexagonal-lattice-, and ring-like structures, which can be actively controlled by applying an external magnetic field. A field-strength phase diagram is predicted in which various structures are present as stable states. Owing to the diversity, controllability, and tunability of assembled structures, magnetic ellipsoidal Janus particles at fluid interfaces could therefore serve as versatile building blocks for novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Xie
- Department of Applied PhysicsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jens Harting
- Helmholtz Institute Erlangen‐Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK‐11)Forschungszentrum JülichFürther Str. 24890429NürnbergGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of PhysicsFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergFürther Str. 24890429NürnbergGermany
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83
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Shillingford C, Kim BM, Weck M. Top-Down Heterogeneous Colloidal Engineering Using Capillary Assembly of Liquid Particles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1640-1651. [PMID: 33439622 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Capillary assembly of liquid particles (CALP) is a microfabrication strategy for engineering arbitrarily shaped polymer colloids. The method entails depositing emulsion particles into patterned microarrays within a fluidic cell: coalescence, polymerization, and extraction of the deposited material engender faceted colloids. Herein, the versatility of CALP is demonstrated by using both consecutive assembly and heterogeneous coassembly to engineer geometrically diverse Janus and patchy colloids. Liquid particles (LPs) can be patterned laterally across the plane of the template by manipulating the capillary immersion force, liquid particle hardness, and rate of coalescence. Bilayers of different polymeric LPs and patchy microarrays are fabricated, comprising solid colloids made from various materials including poly(styrene), p-styryltrimethoxysilane, and iron oxide. Eleven different structures including concentric Janus squares, triblock ellipsoids, and planar tetramer and pentagonal patchy particles are described. All particles are fluorescently labeled, resist flocculation, withstand extended heating, and endure dispersion in organic solvent. Further crystallization and processing into colloid-based microscale devices is therefore anticipated. Heterogeneous CALP combines top-down microfabrication with bottom-up synthesis to engineer nonequilibrium particle structures that cannot be made with wet chemistry. CALP enables the design and fabrication of colloids with complex internal construction to target hierarchical functional materials. Ultimately, the integration of colloidal building blocks comprising multiple components that are independently addressable is crucial for the development of nano/micromaterials such as filtration devices, sensors, diagnostics, solid-state catalysts, and optical electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicely Shillingford
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Brandon M Kim
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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84
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B. S S, Gopalakrishnan-Prema V, Raju G, Mathew SE, Katiyar N, Menon D, Shankarappa SA. Anisotropic microparticles for differential drug release in nerve block anesthesia. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4623-4630. [PMID: 35424395 PMCID: PMC8694510 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticle shape, as a tunable design parameter, holds much promise for controlling drug-release kinetics from polymeric microparticulate systems. In this study we hypothesized that the intensity and duration of a local nerve block can be controlled by administration of bupivacaine-loaded stretch-induced anisotropic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles (MPs). MPs of size 27.3 ± 8.5 μm were synthesized by single emulsion method and subjected to controlled stretching force. The aspect ratio of the anisotropic–bupivacaine MPs was quantified, and bupivacaine release was measured in vitro. The anisotropic MPs were administered as local nerve block injections in rats, and the intensity and duration of local anesthesia was measured. Bupivacaine-loaded anisotropic MPs used in this study were ellipsoid in shape and exhibited increased surface pores in comparison to spherical MPs. Anisotropic MPs exhibited a higher rate of bupivacaine release in vitro, and showed significantly (P < 0.05) stronger sensory nerve blocking as compared to spherical bupivacaine MPs, even though the duration of the nerve block remained similar. This study demonstrates the utility of stretch-induced anisotropic MPs in controlling drug release profiles from polymeric MPs, under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. We show that shape, as a tunable design parameter, could play an important role in engineering drug-delivery systems. Stretch-induced anisotropy in bupivacaine-loaded PLGA micro particles (BMPs) induced stronger nerve blocks compared to spherical particles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar B. S
- Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi 682041
- India
| | | | - Gayathri Raju
- Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi 682041
- India
| | - Sumi E. Mathew
- Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi 682041
- India
| | - Neeraj Katiyar
- Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi 682041
- India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Center for Nanosciences & Molecular Medicine
- Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
- Kochi 682041
- India
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85
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One-pot synthesis of cross-linked nonspherical polystyrene particles via dispersion polymerization: the effect of polymerization conditions on the morphology of the particles. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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86
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Jiang J, Shea G, Rastogi P, Kamperman T, Venner CH, Visser CW. Continuous High-Throughput Fabrication of Architected Micromaterials via In-Air Photopolymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006336. [PMID: 33274554 PMCID: PMC11468713 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in optical coding, drug delivery, diagnostics, tissue engineering, shear-induced gelation, and functionally engineered rheology crucially depend on microparticles and microfibers with tunable shape, size, and composition. However, scalable manufacturing of the required complex micromaterials remains a long-standing challenge. Here in-air polymerization of liquid jets is demonstrated as a novel platform to produce microparticles and microfibers with tunable size, shape, and composition at high throughput (>100 mL h-1 per nozzle). The polymerization kinetics is quantitatively investigated and modeled as a function of the ink composition, the UV light intensity, and the velocity of the liquid jet, enabling engineering of complex micromaterials in jetting regimes. The size, morphology, and local chemistry of micromaterials are independently controlled, as highlighted by producing micromaterials using 5 different photopolymers as well as multi-material composites. Simultaneous optimization of these control parameters yields rapid fabrication of stimuli-responsive Janus fibers that function as soft actuators. Finally, in-air photopolymerization enables control over the curvature of printed droplets, as highlighted by high-throughput printing of microlenses with tunable focal distance. The combination of rapid processing and tunability in composition and architecture opens a new route toward applications of tailored micromaterials in soft matter, medicine, pharmacy, and optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieke Jiang
- Engineering Fluid Dynamics groupDepartment of Thermal and Fluid EngineeringFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede7500AEThe Netherlands
| | - Gary Shea
- Engineering Fluid Dynamics groupDepartment of Thermal and Fluid EngineeringFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede7500AEThe Netherlands
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschede7500AEThe Netherlands
| | - Prasansha Rastogi
- Engineering Fluid Dynamics groupDepartment of Thermal and Fluid EngineeringFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede7500AEThe Netherlands
| | - Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschede7500AEThe Netherlands
- Division of Engineering in MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Cornelis H. Venner
- Engineering Fluid Dynamics groupDepartment of Thermal and Fluid EngineeringFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede7500AEThe Netherlands
| | - Claas Willem Visser
- Engineering Fluid Dynamics groupDepartment of Thermal and Fluid EngineeringFaculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschede7500AEThe Netherlands
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87
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Vapor-Stripping and Encapsulating to Construct Particles with Time-Controlled Asymmetry and Anisotropy. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An innovative chemical vapor sublimation and deposition (CVSD) process was shown to produce nanoscale anisotropic hybrid materials. Taking advantage of controlled thermodynamic properties and the mass transfer of molecules, this process allowed for water vapor sublimation from an iced template/substrate and stagewise vapor deposition of poly-p-xylylene onto the sublimating ice substrate. In this study, the use of sensitive soybean agglutinin (SBA) protein tubes was demonstrated as an example to prepare the anisotropic hybrid material based on the CVSD process. The rationale of a timing parameter, Δt, was controlled to program the sublimation of the SBA-ice templates and the deposition of poly-p-xylylene during the CVSD process. As a result of this control, a stripping stage occurred, during which SBA tubes were exposed on the particle surface, and a subsequent encapsulation stage enabled the transformation of the ice templates into a nanometer-sized anisotropic hybrid material of poly-p-xylylene as the matrix with encapsulated SBA tubes. The timing parameter Δt and the controlled stripping and encapsulating stages during CVSD represent a straightforward and intriguing mechanism stemming from physical chemistry fundamentals for the fabrication of hybrid materials from sensitive molecules and with predetermined sizes and asymmetrical shapes. A simulation analysis showed consistency with the experimental results and controllability of the timing mechanism with predictable particle sizes.
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88
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Brunk NE, Kadupitiya J, Jadhao V. Designing Surface Charge Patterns for Shape Control of Deformable Nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:248001. [PMID: 33412054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.248001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Designing reconfigurable materials based on deformable nanoparticles (NPs) hinges on an understanding of the energetically favored shapes these NPs can adopt. Using simulations, we show that hollow, deformable, patchy NPs tailored with surface charge patterns such as Janus patches, stripes, and polyhedrally distributed patches differently adapt their shape in response to changes in patterns and ionic strength, transforming into capsules, hemispheres, variably dimpled bowls, and polyhedra. The links between anisotropy in NP surface charge, shape, and the elastic energy density are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Brunk
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
- Wolfram Research, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Jcs Kadupitiya
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - Vikram Jadhao
- Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
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89
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Finbloom JA, Sousa F, Stevens MM, Desai TA. Engineering the drug carrier biointerface to overcome biological barriers to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:89-108. [PMID: 32535139 PMCID: PMC10822675 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro and nanoscale drug carriers must navigate through a plethora of dynamic biological systems prior to reaching their tissue or disease targets. The biological obstacles to drug delivery come in many forms and include tissue barriers, mucus and bacterial biofilm hydrogels, the immune system, and cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. The biointerface of drug carriers influences how these carriers navigate and overcome biological barriers for successful drug delivery. In this review, we examine how key material design parameters lead to dynamic biointerfaces and improved drug delivery across biological barriers. We provide a brief overview of approaches used to engineer key physicochemical properties of drug carriers, such as morphology, surface chemistry, and topography, as well as the development of dynamic responsive materials for barrier navigation. We then discuss essential biological barriers and how biointerface engineering can enable drug carriers to better navigate and overcome these barriers to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Finbloom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Flávia Sousa
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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90
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Voggenreiter M, Roller J, Geiger J, Ebner L, Zumbusch A, Meijer JM. Preparation and Tracking of Oblate Core-Shell Polymethyl-Methacrylate Ellipsoids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13087-13095. [PMID: 33085481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although single-particle level studies on prolate ellipsoidal colloids are relatively abundant, similar studies on oblate ellipsoids are rare because suitable model systems are scarcely available. Here, we present the preparation of monodisperse hard core-shell oblate ellipsoids that can be imaged and tracked in 3D with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using a thermomechanical squeezing method, we transform spherical core-shell polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) particles into oblate ellipsoids. We show how the shape polydispersity as well as the aspect ratio of the obtained oblate ellipsoids can be controlled. In addition, we discuss how the core-shell geometry limits the range of aspect ratios because of the different viscoelastic properties of the cross-linked PMMA core and linear PMMA shell. We further demonstrate imaging of the core-shell oblate dispersions on a single-particle level in real space and time and the tracking of position and orientation using our recently developed tracking algorithm for anisotropic core-shell colloids. Our results thus provide the tools for the future investigation of the behavior of oblate ellipsoids, especially in dense suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Voggenreiter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jörg Roller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - John Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lukas Ebner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Zumbusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Janne-Mieke Meijer
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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91
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Maithania HV, Mohanty BS, Chaudhari PR, Samad A, Devarajan PV. Shape mediated splenotropic delivery of buparvaquone loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:159-167. [PMID: 31468307 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Buparvaquone (BPQ)-loaded asymmetric solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) prepared by a modified nanoprecipitation method were evaluated for splenotropic drug delivery. BPQ SLN exhibited an average particle size of 650.28 ± 6.75 nm with polydispersity index ≤ 0.3, entrapment efficiency of 96.57 ± 0.190%, and drug loading of 24.63 ± 0.042%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed elongated particles with flattened and rounded edges. Aspect ratio, an important determinant of asymmetricity of the BPQ SLN, measured as the ratio of average length (1143 ± 0.083 nm) to width (419 ± 0.031 nm) was found to be 2.727 ± 0.19. The hemolytic potential of 10.86 ± 0.04% and good serum stability suggested feasibility for intravenous administration. 99mTc-labeled BPQ SLN revealed high radiolabeling efficiency (> 95%) and good stability. Intravenous administration in mice revealed > 75% accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system organs. The percent radioactivity per gram of organ was in the order spleen > kidney > lungs > liver > lymph nodes, with high splenic accumulation and significantly lower concentration in the liver. An astoundingly high spleen/liver ratio with a maximum of 11.94 ± 1.37 at 3 h, which confirmed high splenic uptake is attributed to Kupffer cell bypass. Other factors contributing to splenotropy are the rigidity and the low molecular weight of the lipid in the BPQ SLN which enabled translocation of the particles into the splenic pulp. Our study proposes asymmetric BPQ SLN as a promising splenotropic delivery system for improved efficacy in theileriosis, a spleen resident infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena V Maithania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Elite status and Centre of Excellence, Deemed University, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Bhabani S Mohanty
- Comparative Oncology Program and Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pradip R Chaudhari
- Comparative Oncology Program and Small Animal Imaging Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Education and Research in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Abdul Samad
- Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Elite status and Centre of Excellence, Deemed University, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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92
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Coupled influences of particle shape, surface property and flow hydrodynamics on rod-shaped colloid transport in porous media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 577:471-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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93
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Guha S, Jindal AB. An insight into obtaining of non-spherical particles by mechanical stretching of micro- and nanospheres. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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94
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Ouchi S, Yamada N, Yamamoto T. Size Control of Polystyrene Nanoparticles Synthesized in Melamine Foam. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ouchi
- Department of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Department of Materials Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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95
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Patil A, Dyawanapelly S, Dandekar P, Jain R. Fabrication and Characterization of Non-spherical Polymeric Particles. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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96
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Brown TD, Habibi N, Wu D, Lahann J, Mitragotri S. Effect of Nanoparticle Composition, Size, Shape, and Stiffness on Penetration Across the Blood–Brain Barrier. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4916-4928. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Brown
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nahal Habibi
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Debra Wu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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97
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Meng X, Qiu D. Fabrication of monodisperse asymmetric polystyrene particles by crosslinking regulation in seeded emulsion polymerization. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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98
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Zhang B, Zhu M, Li Z, Lung PS, Chrzanowski W, Kwok CT, Lu J, Li Q. Cellular fate of deformable needle-shaped PLGA-PEG fibers. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:182-189. [PMID: 32470525 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deformability of micro/nanometer sized particles plays an important role in particle-cell interactions and thus becomes a key parameter in carrier design in biomedicine application such as drug delivery and vaccinology. Yet the influence of material's deformability on the cellular fate of the particles as well as physiology response of live cells are to be understood. Here we show the cellular fate of needle shaped (high aspect ratio ~25) PLGA-PEG copolymer fibers depending on their deformability. We found that all the fibers entered murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) via phagocytosis. While the fibers of high apparent Young's modulus (average value = 872 kPa) maintained their original shape upon phagocytosis, their counterparts of low apparent Young's modulus (average value = 56 kPa) curled in cells. The observed deformation of fibers of low apparent Young's modulus in cells coincided with abnormal intracellular actin translocation and absence of lysosome/phagosome fusion in macrophages, suggesting the important role of material mechanical properties and mechano-related cellular pathway in affecting cell physiology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Particles are increasingly important in the field of biomedicine, especially when they are serving as drug carriers. Physical cues, such as mechanical properties, were shown to provide insight into their stability and influence on physiology inside the cell. In the current study, we managed to fabricate 5 types of needle shaped PLGA-PEG fibers with controlled Young's modulus. We found that hard fibers maintained their original shape upon phagocytosis, while soft fibers were curled by actin compressive force inside the cell, causing abnormal actin translocation and impediment of lysosome/phagosome fusion, suggesting the important role of material mechanical properties and mechano-related cellular pathway in affecting cell physiology.
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99
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Schönhöfer PWA, Marechal M, Cleaver DJ, Schröder-Turk GE. Self-assembly and entropic effects in pear-shaped colloid systems. II. Depletion attraction of pear-shaped particles in a hard-sphere solvent. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034904. [PMID: 32716194 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We consider depletion effects of a pear-shaped colloidal particle in a hard-sphere solvent for two different model realizations of the pear-shaped colloidal particle. The two models are the pear hard Gaussian overlap (PHGO) particles and the hard pears of revolution (HPR). The motivation for this study is to provide a microscopic understanding for the substantially different mesoscopic self-assembly properties of these pear-shaped colloids, in dense suspensions, that have been reported in the previous studies. This is done by determining their differing depletion attractions via Monte Carlo simulations of PHGO and HPR particles in a pool of hard spheres and comparing them with excluded volume calculations of numerically obtained ideal configurations on the microscopic level. While the HPR model behaves as predicted by the analysis of excluded volumes, the PHGO model showcases a preference for splay between neighboring particles, which can be attributed to the special non-additive characteristics of the PHGO contact function. Lastly, we propose a potentially experimentally realizable pear-shaped particle model, the non-additive hard pear of revolution model, which is based on the HPR model but also features non-additive traits similar to those of PHGO particles to mimic their depletion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W A Schönhöfer
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Matthieu Marechal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Douglas J Cleaver
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
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100
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Schönhöfer PWA, Marechal M, Cleaver DJ, Schröder-Turk GE. Self-assembly and entropic effects in pear-shaped colloid systems. I. Shape sensitivity of bilayer phases in colloidal pear-shaped particle systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034903. [PMID: 32716179 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of particle shape in self-assembly processes is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, particle shape and particle elongation are often considered the most fundamental determinants of soft matter structure formation. On the other hand, structure formation is often highly sensitive to details of shape. Here, we address the question of particle shape sensitivity for the self-assembly of hard pear-shaped particles by studying two models for this system: (a) the pear hard Gaussian overlap (PHGO) and (b) the hard pears of revolution (HPR) model. Hard pear-shaped particles, given by the PHGO model, are known to form a bicontinuous gyroid phase spontaneously. However, this model does not replicate an additive object perfectly and, hence, varies slightly in shape from a "true" pear-shape. Therefore, we investigate in the first part of this series the stability of the gyroid phase in pear-shaped particle systems. We show, based on the HPR phase diagram, that the gyroid phase does not form in pears with such a "true" hard pear-shaped potential. Moreover, we acquire first indications from the HPR and PHGO pair-correlation functions that the formation of the gyroid is probably attributed to the small non-additive properties of the PHGO potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W A Schönhöfer
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, 6150 Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Matthieu Marechal
- Institut für Theoretische Physik I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Douglas J Cleaver
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom
| | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, 6150 Murdoch, WA, Australia
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